@proceedings{hlt-1991-speech,
    title = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1000/"
}
@inproceedings{price-1991-overview,
    title = "Overview of the Fourth {DARPA} Speech and Natural Language Workshop",
    author = "Price, Patti",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1001/"
}
@inproceedings{liberman-price-1991-session,
    title = "Session 1: Speech and Natural Language Efforts in the {U. S.} and Abroad",
    author = "Liberman, Mark Y.  and
      Price, Patti",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1002/"
}
@inproceedings{boves-1991-esprit,
    title = "The {ESPRIT} Project {POLYGLOT}",
    author = "Boves, Louis",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1003/"
}
@inproceedings{carlson-1991-notes,
    title = "Some Notes About Research and Development at {KTH}",
    author = "Carlson, Rolf",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1004/"
}
@inproceedings{peckham-1991-speech,
    title = "Speech Understanding and Dialogue over the telephone: an overview of the {ESPRIT} {SUNDIAL} project.",
    author = "Peckham, Jeremy",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1005/"
}
@inproceedings{warwick-armstrong-1991-machine,
    title = "Machine Translation in {E}urope",
    author = "Warwick-Armstrong, S.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1006/"
}
@inproceedings{nn-1991-esprit,
    title = "{ESPRIT}, The {E}uropean Strategic Programme for Research and Development in Information Technology",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1007/"
}
@inproceedings{pallett-1991-session,
    title = "Session 2: {DARPA} Resource Management and {ATIS} Benchmark Test Poster Session",
    author = "Pallett, David S.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1008/"
}
@inproceedings{baker-etal-1991-dragon,
    title = "{D}ragon {S}ystems Resource Management Benchmark Results {F}ebruary 1991",
    author = "Baker, James  and
      Baker, Janet  and
      Bamberg, Pard  and
      Gillick, Larry  and
      Lamel, Lori  and
      Roth, Robert  and
      Scattone, Francesco  and
      Sturtevant, Dean  and
      Ba, Ousmane  and
      Benedict, Richard",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1009/"
}
@inproceedings{paul-1991-new,
    title = "New Results with the {L}incoln Tied-Mixture {HMM} {CSR} System",
    author = "Paul, Douglas B.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1010/"
}
@inproceedings{phillips-etal-1991-modelling,
    title = "Modelling Context Dependency in Acoustic-Phonetic and Lexical Representations",
    author = "Phillips, Michael  and
      Glass, James  and
      Zue, Victor",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1011/"
}
@inproceedings{kubala-etal-1991-byblos,
    title = "{BYBLOS} Speech Recognition Benchmark Results",
    author = "Kubala, F.  and
      Austin, S.  and
      Barry, C.  and
      Makhoul, J.  and
      Placeway, P.  and
      Schwartz, R.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1012/"
}
@inproceedings{ostendorf-etal-1991-integration,
    title = "Integration of Diverse Recognition Methodologies Through Reevaluation of {N}-Best Sentence Hypotheses",
    author = "Ostendorf, M.  and
      Kannan, A.  and
      Austin, S.  and
      Kimball, O.  and
      Schwartz, R.  and
      Rohlicek, J.R.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1013/"
}
@inproceedings{seneff-etal-1991-development,
    title = "Development and Preliminary Evaluation of the {MIT} {ATIS} System",
    author = "Seneff, Stephanie  and
      Glass, James  and
      Goddeau, David  and
      Goodine, David  and
      Hirschman, Lynette  and
      Leung, Hong  and
      Phillips, Michael  and
      Polifroni, Joseph  and
      Zue, Victor",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1014/"
}
@inproceedings{murveit-etal-1991-speech,
    title = "Speech Recognition in {SRI}{'}s Resource Management and {ATIS} Systems",
    author = "Murveit, Hy  and
      Butzberger, John  and
      Weintraub, Mitch",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1015/"
}
@inproceedings{ward-1991-evaluation,
    title = "Evaluation of the {CMU} {ATIS} System",
    author = "Ward, Wayne",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1016/"
}
@inproceedings{young-1991-using,
    title = "Using Semantics to Correct Parser Output for {ATIS} Utterances",
    author = "Young, Sheryl",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1017/"
}
@inproceedings{austin-etal-1991-bbn,
    title = "{BBN} {HARC} and {DELPHI} Results on the {ATIS} Benchmarks - {F}ebruary 1991",
    author = "Austin, S.  and
      Ayuso, D.  and
      Bates, M.  and
      Bobrow, R.  and
      Ingria, R.  and
      Makhoul, J.  and
      Placeway, P.  and
      Schwartz, R.  and
      Stallard, D.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1018/"
}
@inproceedings{oshaughnessy-1991-textual,
    title = "A Textual processor to handle {ATIS} queries",
    author = "O{'}Shaughnessy, Douglas",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1019/"
}
@inproceedings{pieraccini-etal-1991-stochastic,
    title = "Stochastic Representation of Conceptual Structure in the {ATIS} Task",
    author = "Pieraccini, Roberto  and
      Levin, Esther  and
      Lee, Chin-Hui",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1020/"
}
@inproceedings{norton-etal-1991-augmented,
    title = "Augmented Role Filling Capabilities for Semantic Interpretation of Spoken Language",
    author = "Norton, Lewis  and
      Linebarger, Marcia  and
      Dahl, Deborah  and
      Nguyen, Nghi",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1021/"
}
@inproceedings{tzoukermann-1991-use,
    title = "The Use of a Commercial Natural Language Interface in the {ATIS} Task",
    author = "Tzoukermann, Evelyne",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1022/"
}
@inproceedings{carbonell-1991-session,
    title = "Session 3: Machine Translation",
    author = "Carbonell, Jaime",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1023/"
}
@inproceedings{hobbs-kameyama-1991-machine,
    title = "Machine Translation Using Abductive Inference",
    author = "Hobbs, Jerry R.  and
      Kameyama, Megumi",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1024/"
}
@inproceedings{brown-etal-1991-statistical,
    title = "A Statistical Approach to Sense Disambiguation in Machine Translation",
    author = "Brown, Peter F.  and
      Della Pietra, Stephen A.  and
      Della Pietra, Vincent J.  and
      Mercer, Robert L.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1025/"
}
@inproceedings{gale-church-1991-identifying,
    title = "Identifying Word Correspondences in Parallel Texts",
    author = "Gale, William A.  and
      Church, Kenneth W.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1026/"
}
@inproceedings{lyon-1991-session,
    title = "Session 4: Speech {I}",
    author = "Lyon, Richard F.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1027/"
}
@inproceedings{gagnoulet-sorin-1991-field,
    title = "Field Test Evaluations and Optimization of Speaker Independent Speech Recognition for Telephone Applications",
    author = "Gagnoulet, Christian  and
      Sorin, Christel",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1028/"
}
@inproceedings{spitz-1991-collection,
    title = "Collection and Analysis of Data From Real Users: Implications for Speech Recognition/Understanding Systems",
    author = "Spitz, Judith",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1029/"
}
@inproceedings{flanagan-etal-1991-autodirective,
    title = "Autodirective Microphone Systems for Natural Communication With Speech Recognizers",
    author = "Flanagan, J. L.  and
      Mammone, R.  and
      Elko, G. W.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1030/"
}
@inproceedings{meng-etal-1991-signal,
    title = "Signal Representation Attribute Extraction and the Use Distinctive Features for Phonetic Classification",
    author = "Meng, Helen M.  and
      Zue, Victor W.  and
      Leung, Hong C.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1031/"
}
@inproceedings{allen-1991-session,
    title = "Session 5: Natural Language {I}",
    author = "Allen, James F.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1032/"
}
@inproceedings{bobrow-etal-1991-mapping,
    title = "The Mapping Unit Approach to Subcategorization",
    author = "Bobrow, Robert  and
      Ingria, Robert  and
      Stallard, David",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1033/"
}
@inproceedings{jackson-etal-1991-template,
    title = "A Template Matcher for Robust {NL} Interpretation",
    author = "Jackson, Eric  and
      Appelt, Douglas  and
      Bear, John  and
      Moore, Robert  and
      Podlozny, Ann",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1034/"
}
@inproceedings{joshi-schabes-1991-fixed,
    title = "Fixed and Flexible Phrase Structure: Coordination in {T}ree {A}djoining {G}rammars",
    author = "Joshi, Aravind K.  and
      Schabes, Yves",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1035/"
}
@inproceedings{moore-dowding-1991-efficient,
    title = "Efficient Bottom-Up Parsing",
    author = "Moore, Robert  and
      Dowding, John",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1036/"
}
@inproceedings{weischedel-etal-1991-partial,
    title = "Partial Parsing: A Report on Work in Progress",
    author = "Weischedel, Ralph  and
      Ayuso, Damaris  and
      Bobrow, R.  and
      Boisen, Sean  and
      Ingria, Robert  and
      Palmucci, Jeff",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1037/"
}
@inproceedings{ostendorf-1991-session,
    title = "Session 6: Demonstrations and Videotapes of Speech and Natural Language Technologies",
    author = "Ostendorf, Mari",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1038/"
}
@inproceedings{lyon-1991-analog,
    title = "Analog Implementations of Auditory Models",
    author = "Lyon, Richard F.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1039/"
}
@inproceedings{bates-etal-1991-using,
    title = "Using Spoken Language to Facilitate Military Transportation Planning",
    author = "Bates, Madeleine  and
      Ellard, Dan  and
      Peterson, Pat  and
      Shaked, Varda",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1040/"
}
@inproceedings{roukos-1991-session,
    title = "Session 7: Natural Language {II}",
    author = "Roukos, Salim",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1041/"
}
@inproceedings{bobrow-1991-statistical,
    title = "Statistical Agenda Parsing",
    author = "Bobrow, Robert J.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1042/"
}
@inproceedings{de-mori-kuhn-1991-results,
    title = "Some Results on Stochastic Language Modelling",
    author = "De Mori, Renato  and
      Kuhn, Roland",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1043/"
}
@inproceedings{magerman-marcus-1991-parsing,
    title = "Parsing the {V}oyager Domain Using {P}earl",
    author = "Magerman, David M.  and
      Marcus, Mitchell P.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1044/"
}
@inproceedings{kochman-kupin-1991-calculating,
    title = "Calculating the Probability of a Partial Parse of a Sentence",
    author = "Kochman, Fred  and
      Kupin, Joseph",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1045/"
}
@inproceedings{kupiec-1991-trellis,
    title = "A Trellis-Based Algorithm For Estimating The Parameters Of Hidden Stochastic Context-Free Grammar",
    author = "Kupiec, Julian",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1046/"
}
@inproceedings{lee-1991-session,
    title = "Session 8: Speech {II}",
    author = "Lee, Kai-Fu",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1047/"
}
@inproceedings{austin-etal-1991-continuous,
    title = "Continuous Speech Recognition Using Segmental Neural Nets",
    author = "Austin, S.  and
      Makhoul, J.  and
      Schwartz, R.  and
      Zavaliagkos, G.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1048/"
}
@inproceedings{digalakis-etal-1991-dynamical,
    title = "A Dynamical System Approach to Continuous Speech Recognition",
    author = "Digalakis, V.  and
      Rohlicek, J.R.  and
      Ostendorf, M.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1049/"
}
@inproceedings{hon-lee-1991-recent,
    title = "Recent Progress in Robust Vocabulary-Independent Speech Recognition",
    author = "Hon, Hsiao-Wuen  and
      Lee, Kai-Fu",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1050/"
}
@inproceedings{bahl-etal-1991-context,
    title = "Context Dependent Modeling of Phones in Continuous Speech Using Decision Trees",
    author = "Bahl, L.R.  and
      de Souza, P.V.  and
      Gopalakrishnan, P.S.  and
      Nahamoo, D.  and
      Picheny, M.A.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1051/"
}
@inproceedings{kubala-1991-session,
    title = "Session 9: Speech {III}",
    author = "Kubala, Francis",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1052/"
}
@inproceedings{gauvain-lee-1991-bayesian,
    title = "{B}ayesian Learning of {G}aussian Mixture Densities for Hidden {M}arkov Models",
    author = "Gauvain, Jean-Luc  and
      Lee, Chin-Hui",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1053/"
}
@inproceedings{huang-1991-study,
    title = "A Study on Speaker-Adaptive Speech Recognition",
    author = "Huang, X.D.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1054/"
}
@inproceedings{paul-1991-experience,
    title = "Experience with a Stack Decoder-Based {HMM} {CSR} and Back-Off N-Gram Language Models",
    author = "Paul, Douglas B.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1055/"
}
@inproceedings{riley-ljolje-1991-lexical,
    title = "Lexical Access With a Statistically-Derived Phonetic Network",
    author = "Riley, Michael D.  and
      Ljolje, Andrej",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1056/"
}
@inproceedings{jelinek-etal-1991-dynamic,
    title = "A Dynamic Language Model for Speech Recognition",
    author = "Jelinek, F.  and
      Merialdo, B.  and
      Roukos, S.  and
      Strauss, M.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1057/"
}
@inproceedings{weinstein-1991-session,
    title = "Session 10: Corpora and Evaluation",
    author = "Weinstein, Clifford J.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1058/"
}
@inproceedings{sundheim-1991-third,
    title = "{T}hird {M}essage {U}nderstanding {E}valuation and {C}onference ({MUC}-3): Phase 1 Status Report",
    author = "Sundheim, Beth M.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1059/"
}
@inproceedings{black-etal-1991-procedure,
    title = "A Procedure for Quantitatively Comparing the Syntactic Coverage of {E}nglish Grammars",
    author = "Black, E.  and
      Abney, S.  and
      Flickenger, D.  and
      Gdaniec, C.  and
      Grishman, R.  and
      Harrison, P.  and
      Hindle, D.  and
      Ingria, R.  and
      Jelinek, F.  and
      Klavans, J.  and
      Liberman, M.  and
      Marcus, M.  and
      Roukos, S.  and
      Santorini, B.  and
      Strzalkowski, T.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1060/"
}
@inproceedings{lewis-1991-evaluating,
    title = "Evaluating Text Categorization {I}",
    author = "Lewis, David D.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1061/"
}
@inproceedings{bates-ayuso-1991-proposal,
    title = "A Proposal for Incremental Dialogue Evaluation",
    author = "Bates, Madeleine  and
      Ayuso, Damaris",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1062/"
}
@inproceedings{marcus-1991-session,
    title = "Session 11 - Natural Language {III}",
    author = "Marcus, Mitch",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1063/"
}
@inproceedings{allen-1991-discourse,
    title = "Discourse Structure in the {TRAINS} Project",
    author = "Allen, James F.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1064/"
}
@inproceedings{meteer-etal-1991-studies,
    title = "Studies in Part of Speech Labelling",
    author = "Meteer, Marie  and
      Schwartz, Richard  and
      Weischedel, Ralph",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1065/"
}
@inproceedings{jacobs-etal-1991-lexico,
    title = "Lexico-Semantic Pattern Matching as a Companion to Parsing in Text Understanding",
    author = "Jacobs, Paul S.  and
      Krupka, George R.  and
      Rau, Lisa F.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1066/"
}
@inproceedings{brent-berwick-1991-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Acquisition of Subcategorization Frames from Tagged Text",
    author = "Brent, Michael R.  and
      Berwick, Robert C.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1067/"
}
@inproceedings{strzalkowski-vauthey-1991-fast,
    title = "Fast Text Processing for Information Retrieval",
    author = "Strzalkowski, Tomek  and
      Vauthey, Barbara",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1068/"
}
@inproceedings{neuburg-1991-session,
    title = "Session 12: {SLS} and Prosody",
    author = "Neuburg, Edward P.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1069/"
}
@inproceedings{seneff-etal-1991-interactive,
    title = "Interactive Problem Solving and Dialogue in the {ATIS} Domain",
    author = "Seneff, Stephanie  and
      Hirschman, Lynette  and
      Zue, Victor W.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1070/"
}
@inproceedings{polifroni-etal-1991-collection,
    title = "Collection of Spontaneous Speech for the {ATIS} Domain and Comparative Analyses of Data Collected at {MIT} and {TI}",
    author = "Polifroni, Joseph  and
      Seneff, Stephanie  and
      Zue, Victor W.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1071/"
}
@inproceedings{hirschman-etal-1991-integrating,
    title = "Integrating Syntax and Semantics into Spoken Language Understanding",
    author = "Hirschman, Lynette  and
      Seneff, Stephanie  and
      Goodine, David  and
      Phillips, Michael",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1072/"
}
@inproceedings{price-etal-1991-use,
    title = "The Use of Prosody in Syntactic Disambiguation",
    author = "Price, Patti  and
      Ostendorf, Mari  and
      Shattuck-Hufnagel, Stefanie  and
      Fong, Cynthia",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1073/"
}
@inproceedings{wang-hirschberg-1991-predicting,
    title = "Predicting Intonational Boundaries Automatically from Text: The {ATIS} Domain",
    author = "Wang, Michelle Q.  and
      Hirschberg, Julia",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1074/"
}
@inproceedings{wightman-etal-1991-use,
    title = "Use of Prosody in Syntactic Disambiguation: An Analysis-by-Synthesis Approach",
    author = "Wightman, C. W.  and
      Veilleux, N. M.  and
      Ostendorf, M.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1075/"
}
@inproceedings{nn-1991-consortium,
    title = "The {C}onsortium for {L}exical {R}esearch",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1076/"
}
@inproceedings{miller-teibel-1991-proposal,
    title = "A Proposal for Lexical Disambiguation",
    author = "Miller, George A.  and
      Teibel, Daniel A.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1077/"
}
@inproceedings{wayne-1991-snapshot,
    title = "A Snapshot of Two {DARPA} Speech and Natural Language Programs",
    author = "Wayne, Charles L.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1078/"
}
@inproceedings{weischedel-1991-adaptive,
    title = "Adaptive Natural Language Processing",
    author = "Weischedel, Ralph",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1079/"
}
@inproceedings{makhoul-schwartz-1991-research,
    title = "Research in Continuous Speech Recognition",
    author = "Makhoul, John  and
      Schwartz, Richard",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1080/"
}
@inproceedings{makhoul-1991-spoken,
    title = "Spoken Language Systems",
    author = "Makhoul, John",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1081/"
}
@inproceedings{ostendorf-price-1991-evaluating,
    title = "Evaluating the Use of Prosodic Information in Speech Recognition and Understanding",
    author = "Ostendorf, Mari  and
      Price, Patti",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1082/"
}
@inproceedings{ostendorf-rohlicek-1991-segment,
    title = "Segment-Based Acoustic Models with Multi-level Search Algorithms for Continuous Speech Recognition",
    author = "Ostendorf, Mari  and
      Rohlicek, J. Robin",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1083/"
}
@inproceedings{silverman-1991-microphone,
    title = "Microphone-Array Systems for Speech Recognition Input",
    author = "Silverman, Harvey F.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1084/"
}
@inproceedings{reddy-1991-spoken,
    title = "Spoken-Language Research at {C}arnegie {M}ellon",
    author = "Reddy, Raj",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1085/"
}
@inproceedings{bisiani-1991-plus,
    title = "The {PLUS} Accelerator",
    author = "Bisiani, Roberto",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1086/"
}
@inproceedings{mckeown-feiner-1991-interactive,
    title = "Interactive Multimedia Explanation for Equipment Maintenance and Repair",
    author = "McKeown, Kathleen  and
      Feiner, Steven",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1087/"
}
@inproceedings{baker-gillick-1991-progress,
    title = "Progress Report for {DARPA} {SLS} Program at {D}ragon {S}ystems, {I}nc.",
    author = "Baker, Janet  and
      Gillick, Larry",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1088/"
}
@inproceedings{shore-1991-portable,
    title = "Portable Software Modules for Speech Recognition (Phase {I} {SBIR} grant from {DARPA})",
    author = "Shore, John",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1089/"
}
@inproceedings{zue-hirschman-1991-spoken,
    title = "Spoken Language Recognition and Understanding",
    author = "Zue, Victor W.  and
      Hirschman, Lynette",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1090/"
}
@inproceedings{weinstein-paul-1991-robust,
    title = "Robust Speech Recognition Technology Program Summary",
    author = "Weinstein, Clifford J.  and
      Paul, Douglas B.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1091/"
}
@inproceedings{pallett-1991-nist,
    title = "{NIST}-{DARPA} Interagency Agreement: {SLS} Program",
    author = "Pallett, David S.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1092/"
}
@inproceedings{sundheim-1991-evaluating,
    title = "Evaluating Text Understanding Systems",
    author = "Sundheim, Beth M.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1093/"
}
@inproceedings{wilks-1991-active,
    title = "Active Knowledge Structures in Natural Language Understanding",
    author = "Wilks, Yorick",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1094/"
}
@inproceedings{grishman-1991-robust,
    title = "Robust and Portable Text Processing",
    author = "Grishman, Ralph",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1095/"
}
@inproceedings{zweig-1991-robust,
    title = "A Robust Preprocessor for Speech-Recognition Systems",
    author = "Zweig, George",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1096/"
}
@inproceedings{bernstein-1991-corpus,
    title = "Corpus Collection for {ATIS}",
    author = "Bernstein, Jared",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1097/"
}
@inproceedings{murveit-weintraub-1991-real,
    title = "Real-Time Speech Recognition System",
    author = "Murveit, Hy  and
      Weintraub, Mitchel",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1098/"
}
@inproceedings{price-moore-1991-sris,
    title = "{SRI}{'}s Real-Time Spoken Language System",
    author = "Price, Patti  and
      Moore, Robert C.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1099/"
}
@inproceedings{hobbs-1991-tacitus,
    title = "{TACITUS}: The Abductive Commonsense Inference-based Text Understanding System",
    author = "Hobbs, Jerry R.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1100/"
}
@inproceedings{dahl-1991-linguistic,
    title = "Linguistic Knowledge Sources for Spoken Language Understanding",
    author = "Dahl, Deborah A.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1101/"
}
@inproceedings{wilensky-1991-language,
    title = "Language Processing and Commonsense Reasoning",
    author = "Wilensky, Robert",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1102/"
}
@inproceedings{joshi-etal-1991-natural,
    title = "Natural Language Research",
    author = "Joshi, Aravind K.  and
      Marcus, Mitch  and
      Steedman, Mark  and
      Webber, Bonnie",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1103/"
}
@inproceedings{marcus-1991-large,
    title = "Very Large Annotated Database of {A}merican {E}nglish",
    author = "Marcus, Mitch",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1104/"
}
@inproceedings{allen-schubert-1991-natural,
    title = "Natural Language, Knowledge Representation and Discourse",
    author = "Allen, James F.  and
      Schubert, Lenhart K.",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1105/"
}
@inproceedings{hovy-1991-penman,
    title = "The {P}enman Natural Language Project Systemics-Based Machine Translation",
    author = "Hovy, Eduard",
    booktitle = "Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, {F}ebruary 19-22, 1991",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/volume-fixes/H91-1106/"
}