HyperLex: A Large-Scale Evaluation of Graded Lexical Entailment

Ivan Vulić, Daniela Gerz, Douwe Kiela, Felix Hill, Anna Korhonen


Abstract
We introduce HyperLex—a data set and evaluation resource that quantifies the extent of the semantic category membership, that is, type-of relation, also known as hyponymy–hypernymy or lexical entailment (LE) relation between 2,616 concept pairs. Cognitive psychology research has established that typicality and category/class membership are computed in human semantic memory as a gradual rather than binary relation. Nevertheless, most NLP research and existing large-scale inventories of concept category membership (WordNet, DBPedia, etc.) treat category membership and LE as binary. To address this, we asked hundreds of native English speakers to indicate typicality and strength of category membership between a diverse range of concept pairs on a crowdsourcing platform. Our results confirm that category membership and LE are indeed more gradual than binary. We then compare these human judgments with the predictions of automatic systems, which reveals a huge gap between human performance and state-of-the-art LE, distributional and representation learning models, and substantial differences between the models themselves. We discuss a pathway for improving semantic models to overcome this discrepancy, and indicate future application areas for improved graded LE systems.
Anthology ID:
J17-4004
Volume:
Computational Linguistics, Volume 43, Issue 4 - December 2017
Month:
December
Year:
2017
Address:
Cambridge, MA
Venue:
CL
SIG:
Publisher:
MIT Press
Note:
Pages:
781–835
Language:
URL:
https://aclanthology.org/J17-4004
DOI:
10.1162/COLI_a_00301
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Ivan Vulić, Daniela Gerz, Douwe Kiela, Felix Hill, and Anna Korhonen. 2017. HyperLex: A Large-Scale Evaluation of Graded Lexical Entailment. Computational Linguistics, 43(4):781–835.
Cite (Informal):
HyperLex: A Large-Scale Evaluation of Graded Lexical Entailment (Vulić et al., CL 2017)
Copy Citation:
PDF:
https://preview.aclanthology.org/update-css-js/J17-4004.pdf
Data
HyperLexDBpediaImageNetYAGO