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    "input": "If one or more of Ecolab's customers were to experience a disastrous outcome, the firm's reputation could suffer and it could lose multiple customers as a result.",
    "output": "[Cause] If one or more of Ecolab's customers were to experience a disastrous outcome [Relation] cause [Effect] the firm's reputation could suffer and it could lose multiple customers as a result",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "If one or more of Ecolab's customers were to experience a disastrous outcome",
    "pred_effect": "the firm's reputation could suffer and it could lose multiple customers as a result",
    "gold_cause": "one or more of Ecolab's customers were to experience a disastrous outcome",
    "gold_effect": "the firm's reputation could suffer and it could lose multiple customers",
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    "input": "Despite these low margins, the company has historically generated returns on invested capital of 20% largely due to scale and growth driven by strong drug price inflation and increases in therapies.",
    "output": "[Cause] scale and growth driven by strong drug price inflation and increases in therapies [Relation] enable [Effect] the company has historically generated returns on invested capital of 20%",
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    "pred_cause": "scale and growth driven by strong drug price inflation and increases in therapies",
    "pred_effect": "the company has historically generated returns on invested capital of 20%",
    "gold_cause": "scale and growth driven by strong drug price inflation and increases in therapies",
    "gold_effect": "the company has historically generated returns on invested capital of 20% largely",
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    "input": "With summer 2021 deployment expected abroad, we now think the firm could generate around $2 in EPS in 2022, up from $1.69 prior (still well below the $9.54 in EPS Royal generated in 2019).",
    "output": "[Cause] summer 2021 deployment expected abroad [Relation] enable [Effect] the firm could generate around $2 in EPS in 2022, up from $1.69 prior",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "summer 2021 deployment expected abroad",
    "pred_effect": "the firm could generate around $2 in EPS in 2022, up from $1.69 prior",
    "gold_cause": "summer 2021 deployment expected abroad",
    "gold_effect": "we now think the firm could generate around $2 in EPS in 2022, up from $1.69 prior (still well below the $9.54 in EPS Royal generated in 2019)",
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    "input": "Liberty Latin America struck an agreement to buy the Costa Rican business, expanding its relatively modest presence in Central America.",
    "output": "[Cause] Liberty Latin America struck an agreement to buy the Costa Rican business [Relation] enable [Effect] expanding its relatively modest presence in Central America",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "Liberty Latin America struck an agreement to buy the Costa Rican business",
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    "gold_cause": "Liberty Latin America struck an agreement to buy the Costa Rican business",
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    "input": "Given the glacial pace of change, we believe this adds a layer of risk to the disrupter and gives incumbents and legacy providers more opportunities to sustain organizational inertia.",
    "output": "[Cause] glacial pace of change [Relation] cause [Effect] adds a layer of risk to the disrupter",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "glacial pace of change",
    "pred_effect": "adds a layer of risk to the disrupter",
    "gold_cause": "the glacial pace of change",
    "gold_effect": "adds a layer of risk to the disrupter and gives incumbents and legacy providers more opportunities to sustain organizational inertia",
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    "input": "Tesla's CEO owns about 21% of Tesla's stock and uses it as collateral for personal loans, which raises the risk of a large sale to repay debt.",
    "output": "[Cause] Tesla's CEO owns about 21% of Tesla's stock and uses it as collateral for personal loans [Relation] cause [Effect] raises the risk of a large sale to repay debt",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "Tesla's CEO owns about 21% of Tesla's stock and uses it as collateral for personal loans",
    "pred_effect": "raises the risk of a large sale to repay debt",
    "gold_cause": "Tesla's CEO owns about 21% of Tesla's stock and uses it as collateral for personal loans",
    "gold_effect": "risk of a large sale to repay debt",
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    "input": "CarMax operates in the cyclical auto industry and the unprecedented shutdowns forced by the coronavirus bring massive uncertainty as to the timing and extent of a recovery in consumer demand for used vehicles.",
    "output": "[Cause] unprecedented shutdowns forced by the coronavirus [Relation] cause [Effect] massive uncertainty as to the timing and extent of a recovery in consumer demand for used vehicles",
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    "pred_cause": "unprecedented shutdowns forced by the coronavirus",
    "pred_effect": "massive uncertainty as to the timing and extent of a recovery in consumer demand for used vehicles",
    "gold_cause": "the unprecedented shutdowns forced by the coronavirus",
    "gold_effect": "massive uncertainty as to the timing and extent of a recovery in consumer demand for used vehicles",
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    "input": "In times of crises a AAA or AA rating is imperative within reinsurance as a flight to quality for renewals takes hold.",
    "output": "[Cause] flight to quality for renewals [Relation] enable [Effect] a AAA or AA rating is imperative within reinsurance",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "flight to quality for renewals",
    "pred_effect": "a AAA or AA rating is imperative within reinsurance",
    "gold_cause": "a flight to quality for renewals takes hold",
    "gold_effect": "In times of crises a AAA or AA rating is imperative within reinsurance",
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    "input": "Coca-Cola Femsa typifies this dynamic through its leading volumes, which allow it to more effectively leverage fixed costs and reduce variable costs per unit through purchasing scale.",
    "output": "[Cause] Coca-Cola Femsa's leading volumes [Relation] enable [Effect] more effectively leverage fixed costs and reduce variable costs per unit through purchasing scale",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "Coca-Cola Femsa's leading volumes",
    "pred_effect": "more effectively leverage fixed costs and reduce variable costs per unit through purchasing scale",
    "gold_cause": "leading volumes",
    "gold_effect": "more effectively leverage fixed costs",
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    "input": "With the well-timed influx of $4.4 billion in additional cash from the sale of Epsilon, $2.4 billion of which was used for debt reduction, we do not foresee any immediate credit issues.",
    "output": "[Cause] the well-timed influx of $4.4 billion in additional cash from the sale of Epsilon, $2.4 billion of which was used for debt reduction [Relation] cause [Effect] do not foresee any immediate credit issues",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "the well-timed influx of $4.4 billion in additional cash from the sale of Epsilon, $2.4 billion of which was used for debt reduction",
    "pred_effect": "do not foresee any immediate credit issues",
    "gold_cause": "With the well-timed influx of $4.4 billion in additional cash from the sale of Epsilon, $2.4 billion of which was used for debt reduction",
    "gold_effect": "do not foresee any immediate credit issues",
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  {
    "input": "Brand Intangible Assets:The creation of brand-driven intangible assets could help cannabis companies establish pricing power and generate economic profits.",
    "output": "[Cause] The creation of brand-driven intangible assets [Relation] enable [Effect] help cannabis companies establish pricing power and generate economic profits",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "The creation of brand-driven intangible assets",
    "pred_effect": "help cannabis companies establish pricing power and generate economic profits",
    "gold_cause": "The creation of brand-driven intangible assets",
    "gold_effect": "cannabis companies establish pricing power and generate economic profits",
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  {
    "input": "The firm has made improvements in terms of shifting the earnings base toward fees, as now when including hedging, fee-based income makes up nearly 80% of earnings from around 40% in 2010.",
    "output": "[Cause] improvements in terms of shifting the earnings base toward fees, including hedging [Relation] cause [Effect] fee-based income makes up nearly 80% of earnings from around 40% in 2010",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "improvements in terms of shifting the earnings base toward fees, including hedging",
    "pred_effect": "fee-based income makes up nearly 80% of earnings from around 40% in 2010",
    "gold_cause": "earnings base toward fees",
    "gold_effect": "fee-based income makes up nearly 80% of earnings from around 40% in 2010",
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  {
    "input": "Although industry global travel gradually improved from mid-April into the fall, the recent resurgence of COVID-19 cases could create a near-term pause in travel demand.",
    "output": "[Cause] the recent resurgence of COVID-19 cases [Relation] cause [Effect] could create a near-term pause in travel demand",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "the recent resurgence of COVID-19 cases",
    "pred_effect": "could create a near-term pause in travel demand",
    "gold_cause": "the recent resurgence of COVID-19 cases",
    "gold_effect": "a near-term pause in travel demand",
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  {
    "input": "However, increased competition has lowered cap rates, and the potential for rising interest rates could squeeze the company's spread and its ability to create value.",
    "output": "[Cause] increased competition has lowered cap rates, and the potential for rising interest rates [Relation] cause [Effect] could squeeze the company's spread and its ability to create value",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "increased competition has lowered cap rates, and the potential for rising interest rates",
    "pred_effect": "could squeeze the company's spread and its ability to create value",
    "gold_cause": "the potential for rising interest rates",
    "gold_effect": "squeeze the company's spread and its ability to create value",
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  {
    "input": "Despite a strong market position, Alcon is in turnaround mode following years of underinvestment as a Novartis subsidiary, though the firm is slowly finding its footing as a standalone company.",
    "output": "[Cause] years of underinvestment as a Novartis subsidiary [Relation] cause [Effect] Alcon is in turnaround mode",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "years of underinvestment as a Novartis subsidiary",
    "pred_effect": "Alcon is in turnaround mode",
    "gold_cause": "underinvestment",
    "gold_effect": "Alcon is in turnaround mode",
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  {
    "input": "Its products employ better efficiency and output for farmers compared to competitors, allowing them to spread costs over the lifetime of equipment (operating leverage as crop yields increase).",
    "output": "[Cause] Its products employ better efficiency and output for farmers compared to competitors [Relation] enable [Effect] allowing them to spread costs over the lifetime of equipment (operating leverage as crop yields increase)",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "Its products employ better efficiency and output for farmers compared to competitors",
    "pred_effect": "allowing them to spread costs over the lifetime of equipment (operating leverage as crop yields increase)",
    "gold_cause": "Its products employ better efficiency and output for farmers",
    "gold_effect": "to spread costs over the lifetime of equipment",
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  {
    "input": "We expect fairly consistent results in soybean processing over the long run despite quarterly fluctuations caused by changes in crush margin and capacity utilization.",
    "output": "[Cause] changes in crush margin and capacity utilization [Relation] cause [Effect] quarterly fluctuations in soybean processing",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "changes in crush margin and capacity utilization",
    "pred_effect": "quarterly fluctuations in soybean processing",
    "gold_cause": "changes in crush margin and capacity utilization",
    "gold_effect": "quarterly fluctuations",
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  {
    "input": "On the bottom line, we expect adjusted earnings per share will rise roughly 14% compounded annually during the next five years, or well above sales growth primarily on margin expansion and share repurchase activities.",
    "output": "[Cause] margin expansion and share repurchase activities [Relation] enable [Effect] we expect adjusted earnings per share will rise roughly 14% compounded annually during the next five years, or well above sales growth",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "margin expansion and share repurchase activities",
    "pred_effect": "we expect adjusted earnings per share will rise roughly 14% compounded annually during the next five years, or well above sales growth",
    "gold_cause": "margin expansion and share repurchase activities",
    "gold_effect": "adjusted earnings per share will rise roughly 14% compounded annually during the next five years, or well above sales growth",
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  {
    "input": "On the international side, the Chinese parks will likely remain capacity constrained into 2021, resulting in fiscal 2021 revenue 33% below fiscal 2019.",
    "output": "[Cause] Chinese parks will likely remain capacity constrained into 2021 [Relation] cause [Effect] fiscal 2021 revenue 33% below fiscal 2019",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "Chinese parks will likely remain capacity constrained into 2021",
    "pred_effect": "fiscal 2021 revenue 33% below fiscal 2019",
    "gold_cause": "On the international side, the Chinese parks will likely remain capacity constrained into 2021,",
    "gold_effect": "resulting in fiscal 2021 revenue 33% below fiscal 2019.",
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    "input": "We anticipate AMD will sustain its recent momentum of excess returns due to its intangible assets related to chip designs and x86 license.",
    "output": "[Cause] its intangible assets related to chip designs and x86 license [Relation] enable [Effect] AMD will sustain its recent momentum of excess returns",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "its intangible assets related to chip designs and x86 license",
    "pred_effect": "AMD will sustain its recent momentum of excess returns",
    "gold_cause": "its intangible assets related to chip designs and x86 license",
    "gold_effect": "We anticipate AMD will sustain its recent momentum of excess returns",
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  {
    "input": "In terms of credit costs, we anticipate elevated levels of charge-offs as a result of extended lockdowns, elevated unemployment, and reduced spending on services during the pandemic.",
    "output": "[Cause] extended lockdowns, elevated unemployment, and reduced spending on services during the pandemic [Relation] cause [Effect] elevated levels of charge-offs",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "extended lockdowns, elevated unemployment, and reduced spending on services during the pandemic",
    "pred_effect": "elevated levels of charge-offs",
    "gold_cause": "a result of extended lockdowns, elevated unemployment, and reduced spending on services during the pandemic",
    "gold_effect": "elevated levels of charge-offs",
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    "input": "In our view, this fundamental reality translates into a formidable set of intangible assets, which in turn lead to solid margins and stellar returns on invested capital (ROICs) in the 30%-40% range.",
    "output": "[Cause] a formidable set of intangible assets [Relation] cause [Effect] solid margins and stellar returns on invested capital (ROICs) in the 30%-40% range",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "a formidable set of intangible assets",
    "pred_effect": "solid margins and stellar returns on invested capital (ROICs) in the 30%-40% range",
    "gold_cause": "In our view, this fundamental reality translates into a formidable set of intangible assets",
    "gold_effect": "in turn lead to solid margins and stellar returns on invested capital (ROICs) in the 30%-40% range",
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    "input": "After accounting for the Finnish acquisitions and operating expense improvements, our forecast 2021 EBITDA (after leases) margin reaches 40% in 2021.",
    "output": "[Cause] accounting for the Finnish acquisitions and operating expense improvements [Relation] cause [Effect] forecast 2021 EBITDA (after leases) margin reaches 40% in 2021",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "accounting for the Finnish acquisitions and operating expense improvements",
    "pred_effect": "forecast 2021 EBITDA (after leases) margin reaches 40% in 2021",
    "gold_cause": "accounting for the Finnish acquisitions and operating expense improvements",
    "gold_effect": "ur forecast 2021 EBITDA (after leases) margin reaches 40% in 2021",
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    "input": "We also believe the launch of Direct 360 (a premium coaching offering with live and on-demand content) will help attract a younger audience to the WW ecosystem and drive higher lifetime customer values.",
    "output": "[Cause] the launch of Direct 360 (a premium coaching offering with live and on-demand content) [Relation] enable [Effect] attract a younger audience to the WW ecosystem and drive higher lifetime customer values",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "the launch of Direct 360 (a premium coaching offering with live and on-demand content)",
    "pred_effect": "attract a younger audience to the WW ecosystem and drive higher lifetime customer values",
    "gold_cause": "the launch of Direct 360",
    "gold_effect": "attract a younger audience to the WW ecosystem and drive higher lifetime customer values",
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  {
    "input": "A period of low economic growth could coincide with fewer organic growth opportunities for companies, leading them to try growing via acquisition, but this type of M&A activity probably won't be enough to prevent lackluster earnings.",
    "output": "[Cause] A period of low economic growth [Relation] coincide with [Effect] Fewer organic growth opportunities for companies",
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    "pred_cause": "A period of low economic growth",
    "pred_effect": "Fewer organic growth opportunities for companies",
    "gold_cause": "A period of low economic growth",
    "gold_effect": "fewer organic growth opportunities for companies",
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  {
    "input": "Sonoco's expertise in using polystyrene in structural and protective applications should expand market share among original-equipment manufacturers looking to cut weight in order to meet efficiency standards.",
    "output": "[Cause] Sonoco's expertise in using polystyrene in structural and protective applications [Relation] enable [Effect] expand market share among original-equipment manufacturers looking to cut weight in order to meet efficiency standards",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "Sonoco's expertise in using polystyrene in structural and protective applications",
    "pred_effect": "expand market share among original-equipment manufacturers looking to cut weight in order to meet efficiency standards",
    "gold_cause": "Sonoco's expertise",
    "gold_effect": "expand market share",
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  {
    "input": "While they quickly rebounded back to $100/bbl by 2010, they subsequently crashed again in 2014 due to the oversupply from the emergence of light-tight oil in the U.S.",
    "output": "[Cause] oversupply from the emergence of light-tight oil in the U.S. [Relation] cause [Effect] they subsequently crashed again in 2014",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "oversupply from the emergence of light-tight oil in the U.S.",
    "pred_effect": "they subsequently crashed again in 2014",
    "gold_cause": "the oversupply from the emergence of light-tight oil in the U.S.",
    "gold_effect": "they subsequently crashed again in 2014",
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  {
    "input": "Snap's revenue growth will be driven primarily by growth in the firm's daily active users, or DAUs, user engagement, overall online advertising spending, and an increasing allocation of online ad dollars toward mobile and social network ads.",
    "output": "[Cause] growth in the firm's daily active users, or DAUs, user engagement, overall online advertising spending, and an increasing allocation of online ad dollars toward mobile and social network ads [Relation] enable [Effect] Snap's revenue growth will be driven primarily",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "growth in the firm's daily active users, or DAUs, user engagement, overall online advertising spending, and an increasing allocation of online ad dollars toward mobile and social network ads",
    "pred_effect": "Snap's revenue growth will be driven primarily",
    "gold_cause": "growth in the firm's daily active users, or DAUs, user engagement, overall online advertising spending, and an increasing allocation of online ad dollars toward mobile and social network ads",
    "gold_effect": "Snap's revenue growth",
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  {
    "input": "However, over 70% of global phosphate production comes from players that control their own phosphate rock mines, so Mosaic's vertical integration is neither unique nor cost-advantaged.",
    "output": "[Cause] over 70% of global phosphate production comes from players that control their own phosphate rock mines [Relation] cause [Effect] Mosaic's vertical integration is neither unique nor cost-advantaged",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "over 70% of global phosphate production comes from players that control their own phosphate rock mines",
    "pred_effect": "Mosaic's vertical integration is neither unique nor cost-advantaged",
    "gold_cause": "over 70% of global phosphate production comes from players that control their own phosphate rock mines",
    "gold_effect": "so Mosaic's vertical integration is neither unique nor cost-advantaged",
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  {
    "input": "We anticipate the number of Gap Global stores worldwide will fall to 696 in 2030 from 1,013 at the end of 2020 as sales decline to $3.2 billion from $3.4 billion.",
    "output": "[Cause] sales decline [Relation] cause [Effect] the number of Gap Global stores worldwide will fall to 696 in 2030 from 1,013 at the end of 2020",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "sales decline",
    "pred_effect": "the number of Gap Global stores worldwide will fall to 696 in 2030 from 1,013 at the end of 2020",
    "gold_cause": "sales decline to $3.2 billion from $3.4 billion",
    "gold_effect": "the number of Gap Global stores worldwide will fall to 696 in 2030 from 1,013 at the end of 2020",
    "cause_substr": true,
    "effect_substr": true,
    "cause_excess_count": 6,
    "effect_excess_count": 0,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "substr_valid",
    "cosine": 1.4756433367729187,
    "pred": 1
  },
  {
    "input": "For example, the company's Fine Hotels + Resort program offers a hotel booking service on American Express' website and mobile app that gives the company's premium cardholders discounts on hotel rooms and other special benefits, but the service only lists hotels that have agreed to be part of American Express' platform. This creates a network effect as the value for a hotel chain to join the platform is tied to the number of users, while the value provided to the users is tied to the number of hotels on the platform.",
    "output": "[Cause] the service only lists hotels that have agreed to be part of American Express' platform [Relation] cause [Effect] creates a network effect",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "the service only lists hotels that have agreed to be part of American Express' platform",
    "pred_effect": "creates a network effect",
    "gold_cause": "the company's Fine Hotels + Resort program offers a hotel booking service on American Express' website and mobile app that gives the company's premium cardholders discounts on hotel rooms and other special benefits, but the service only lists hotels that have agreed to be part of American Express' platform",
    "gold_effect": "creates a network effect as the value for a hotel chain to join the platform is tied to the number of users, while the value provided to the users is tied to the number of hotels on the platform",
    "cause_substr": true,
    "effect_substr": true,
    "cause_excess_count": 34,
    "effect_excess_count": 35,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "substr_invalid",
    "cosine": 1.3139426708221436,
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  {
    "input": "This means that clinical trials consume a significant portion of what could otherwise be patent-protected profits before generic drugs come to market. As a result, biopharma companies seek to shorten the drug development period as much as possible while maintaining the precision and accuracy necessary for a drug's approval.",
    "output": "[Cause] clinical trials consume a significant portion of what could otherwise be patent-protected profits [Relation] cause [Effect] biopharma companies seek to shorten the drug development period as much as possible while maintaining the precision and accuracy necessary for a drug's approval.",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "clinical trials consume a significant portion of what could otherwise be patent-protected profits",
    "pred_effect": "biopharma companies seek to shorten the drug development period as much as possible while maintaining the precision and accuracy necessary for a drug's approval.",
    "gold_cause": "This means that clinical trials consume a significant portion of what could otherwise be patent-protected profits before generic drugs come to market",
    "gold_effect": "biopharma companies seek to shorten the drug development period as much as possible while maintaining the precision and accuracy necessary for a drug's approval",
    "cause_substr": true,
    "effect_substr": true,
    "cause_excess_count": 9,
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    "tag": "substr_valid",
    "cosine": 1.4360503554344177,
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  {
    "input": "We estimate a significant proportion of Medtronic's products, including the life-saving Class III products, go through the premarket approval pathway. This also acts to largely limit the size of the settlements to the costs of ensuing medical care for affected patients.",
    "output": "[Cause] a significant proportion of Medtronic's products, including the life-saving Class III products, go through the premarket approval pathway [Relation] cause [Effect] largely limit the size of the settlements to the costs of ensuing medical care for affected patients",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "a significant proportion of Medtronic's products, including the life-saving Class III products, go through the premarket approval pathway",
    "pred_effect": "largely limit the size of the settlements to the costs of ensuing medical care for affected patients",
    "gold_cause": "a significant proportion of Medtronic's products, including the life-saving Class III products, go through the premarket approval pathway",
    "gold_effect": "the size of the settlements to the costs of ensuing medical care for affected patients",
    "cause_substr": true,
    "effect_substr": true,
    "cause_excess_count": 0,
    "effect_excess_count": 2,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "substr_valid",
    "cosine": 1.469864010810852,
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  {
    "input": "In the event of a revolutionary leap in battery technology, adoption of electric powertrains for heavy vehicles could accelerate rapidly.",
    "output": "[Cause] revolutionary leap in battery technology [Relation] enable [Effect] adoption of electric powertrains for heavy vehicles could accelerate rapidly",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "revolutionary leap in battery technology",
    "pred_effect": "adoption of electric powertrains for heavy vehicles could accelerate rapidly",
    "gold_cause": "a revolutionary leap in battery technology",
    "gold_effect": "adoption of electric powertrains for heavy vehicles could accelerate rapidly",
    "cause_substr": true,
    "effect_substr": true,
    "cause_excess_count": 1,
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    "tag": "substr_valid",
    "cosine": 1.4944514632225037,
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  {
    "input": "We see switching costs in the Canadian system being driven by a tightly regulated oligopolistic market structure, which limits excess competition, therefore stabilizing product pricing and giving customers less incentive to switch banks.",
    "output": "[Cause] tightly regulated oligopolistic market structure [Relation] cause [Effect] stabilizing product pricing and giving customers less incentive to switch banks",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "tightly regulated oligopolistic market structure",
    "pred_effect": "stabilizing product pricing and giving customers less incentive to switch banks",
    "gold_cause": "switching costs in the Canadian system being driven by a tightly regulated oligopolistic market structure",
    "gold_effect": "stabilizing product pricing and giving customers less incentive to switch banks",
    "cause_substr": true,
    "effect_substr": true,
    "cause_excess_count": 10,
    "effect_excess_count": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "substr_invalid",
    "cosine": 1.3484127521514893,
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  {
    "input": "Furthermore, for products such as these with minimal differentiation across brands, consumers base their purchasing decision to a greater extent on price, rather than brand.",
    "output": "[Cause] minimal differentiation across brands [Relation] cause [Effect] consumers base their purchasing decision to a greater extent on price, rather than brand",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "minimal differentiation across brands",
    "pred_effect": "consumers base their purchasing decision to a greater extent on price, rather than brand",
    "gold_cause": "products such as these with minimal differentiation across brands",
    "gold_effect": "consumers base their purchasing decision to a greater extent on price, rather than brand.",
    "cause_substr": true,
    "effect_substr": true,
    "cause_excess_count": 5,
    "effect_excess_count": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "substr_valid",
    "cosine": 1.452596664428711,
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  {
    "input": "The biggest risk, in our view, is that numerous companies can provide a similar service, which could lead to significant competition.",
    "output": "[Cause] numerous companies can provide a similar service [Relation] cause [Effect] could lead to significant competition",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "numerous companies can provide a similar service",
    "pred_effect": "could lead to significant competition",
    "gold_cause": "numerous companies can provide a similar service",
    "gold_effect": "significant competition",
    "cause_substr": true,
    "effect_substr": true,
    "cause_excess_count": 0,
    "effect_excess_count": 3,
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    "tag": "substr_valid",
    "cosine": 1.4837367534637451,
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  {
    "input": "While demand for outdoor recreational products has been elevated with social distancing measures as a result of the pandemic, we expect sustained sales growth stemming from market share gains and expansion into whitespace categories. As a result of its success, Malibu should generate competitive returns on invested capital, including goodwill, that average 26% over the next decade.",
    "output": "[Cause] demand for outdoor recreational products has been elevated with social distancing measures as a result of the pandemic | market share gains and expansion into whitespace categories [Relation] enable | cause [Effect] sustained sales growth | generate competitive returns on invested capital, including goodwill, that average 26% over the next decade",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "demand for outdoor recreational products has been elevated with social distancing measures as a result of the pandemic",
    "pred_effect": "generate competitive returns on invested capital, including goodwill, that average 26% over the next decade",
    "gold_cause": "While demand for outdoor recreational products has been elevated with social distancing measures as a result of the pandemic, we expect sustained sales growth stemming from market share gains and expansion into whitespace categories",
    "gold_effect": "Malibu should generate competitive returns on invested capital, including goodwill, that average 26% over the next decade",
    "cause_substr": true,
    "effect_substr": true,
    "cause_excess_count": 17,
    "effect_excess_count": 2,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "substr_invalid",
    "cosine": 1.3893202543258667,
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  {
    "input": "We expect adjusted operating margins to average near fiscal 2019's prepandemic 13% mark, with expense leverage borne of scale offsetting the ongoing cost pressures.",
    "output": "[Cause] expense leverage borne of scale [Relation] enable [Effect] adjusted operating margins to average near fiscal 2019's prepandemic 13% mark",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "expense leverage borne of scale",
    "pred_effect": "adjusted operating margins to average near fiscal 2019's prepandemic 13% mark",
    "gold_cause": "expense leverage borne of scale offsetting the ongoing cost pressures",
    "gold_effect": "adjusted operating margins to average near fiscal 2019's prepandemic 13% mark",
    "cause_substr": true,
    "effect_substr": true,
    "cause_excess_count": 5,
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    "tag": "substr_invalid",
    "cosine": 1.4493662118911743,
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  {
    "input": "In fact, Coke typically pays for and implements the back-end technology infrastructure, communication, and business process systems many of its bottlers use. Consequently, data related to inventory, promotion responsiveness, merchandising and displays, and the like are flowing through servers and systems owned by Coca-Cola.",
    "output": "[Cause] Coke typically pays for and implements the back-end technology infrastructure, communication, and business process systems [Relation] cause [Effect] data related to inventory, promotion responsiveness, merchandising and displays, and the like are flowing through servers and systems owned by Coca-Cola",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "Coke typically pays for and implements the back-end technology infrastructure, communication, and business process systems",
    "pred_effect": "data related to inventory, promotion responsiveness, merchandising and displays, and the like are flowing through servers and systems owned by Coca-Cola",
    "gold_cause": "Coke typically pays for and implements the back-end technology infrastructure, communication, and business process systems many of its bottlers use",
    "gold_effect": "data related to inventory, promotion responsiveness, merchandising and displays, and the like are flowing through servers and systems owned by Coca-Cola",
    "cause_substr": true,
    "effect_substr": true,
    "cause_excess_count": 5,
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    "valid": true,
    "tag": "substr_valid",
    "cosine": 1.4858002662658691,
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  {
    "input": "These advantages manifest themselves in the form of lower operating costs, lower credit costs, lower regulatory costs, and lower absolute levels of and better diversification of risks, all of which allow the banks to achieve greater risk-adjusted returns.",
    "output": "[Cause] These advantages manifest themselves in the form of lower operating costs, lower credit costs, lower regulatory costs, and lower absolute levels of and better diversification of risks [Relation] enable [Effect] allow the banks to achieve greater risk-adjusted returns",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "These advantages manifest themselves in the form of lower operating costs, lower credit costs, lower regulatory costs, and lower absolute levels of and better diversification of risks",
    "pred_effect": "allow the banks to achieve greater risk-adjusted returns",
    "gold_cause": "These advantages manifest themselves in the form of lower operating costs, lower credit costs, lower regulatory costs, and lower absolute levels of and better diversification of risks",
    "gold_effect": "the banks to achieve greater risk-adjusted returns",
    "cause_substr": true,
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    "cause_excess_count": 0,
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    "tag": "substr_valid",
    "cosine": 1.4713791608810425,
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  {
    "input": "Given the fragmented nature of the scrap processing industry and the relatively thin margins that Schnitzer and its peers command, it would be very difficult for any scrap company to distinguish itself as a definitive low-cost producer.",
    "output": "[Cause] fragmented nature of the scrap processing industry and the relatively thin margins that Schnitzer and its peers command [Relation] cause [Effect] very difficult for any scrap company to distinguish itself as a definitive low-cost producer",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "fragmented nature of the scrap processing industry and the relatively thin margins that Schnitzer and its peers command",
    "pred_effect": "very difficult for any scrap company to distinguish itself as a definitive low-cost producer",
    "gold_cause": "the fragmented nature of the scrap processing industry and the relatively thin margins that Schnitzer and its peers command",
    "gold_effect": "it would be very difficult for any scrap company to distinguish itself as a definitive low-cost producer",
    "cause_substr": true,
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    "cause_excess_count": 1,
    "effect_excess_count": 3,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "substr_valid",
    "cosine": 1.489130675792694,
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  {
    "input": "The cash distributions from Enable averaged about $140 million per year the first six years after Enable was formed and contributed to OGE's ability to increase its common dividend from 6% to 11% between 2014 and the first quarter of 2020.",
    "output": "[Cause] The cash distributions from Enable averaged about $140 million per year [Relation] enable [Effect] OGE's ability to increase its common dividend from 6% to 11% between 2014 and the first quarter of 2020",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "The cash distributions from Enable averaged about $140 million per year",
    "pred_effect": "OGE's ability to increase its common dividend from 6% to 11% between 2014 and the first quarter of 2020",
    "gold_cause": "The cash distributions from Enable averaged about $140 million per year the first six years after Enable was formed",
    "gold_effect": "increase its common dividend from 6% to 11% between 2014 and the first quarter of 2020",
    "cause_substr": true,
    "effect_substr": true,
    "cause_excess_count": 8,
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    "valid": true,
    "tag": "substr_valid",
    "cosine": 1.3320099115371704,
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  {
    "input": "Possibly the pieces of data are not stitched together properly to enable a holistic view as organizations typically deploy siloed approaches among divisions, or various data formats and security protocols preclude a unified data platform.",
    "output": "[Cause] siloed approaches among divisions, or various data formats and security protocols [Relation] cause [Effect] pieces of data are not stitched together properly to enable a holistic view",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "siloed approaches among divisions, or various data formats and security protocols",
    "pred_effect": "pieces of data are not stitched together properly to enable a holistic view",
    "gold_cause": "organizations typically deploy siloed approaches among divisions, or various data formats and security protocols preclude a unified data platform",
    "gold_effect": "Possibly the pieces of data are not stitched together properly to enable a holistic view",
    "cause_substr": true,
    "effect_substr": true,
    "cause_excess_count": 8,
    "effect_excess_count": 2,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "substr_invalid",
    "cosine": 1.3541579842567444,
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  {
    "input": "We expect demand to continue recovering in 2021, with revenue rising 11%-12% on easier comparisons, industrial end market improvement, and healthy cross-border refined product shipments.",
    "output": "[Cause] easier comparisons, industrial end market improvement, and healthy cross-border refined product shipments [Relation] enable [Effect] demand to continue recovering in 2021, with revenue rising 11%-12%",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "easier comparisons, industrial end market improvement, and healthy cross-border refined product shipments",
    "pred_effect": "demand to continue recovering in 2021, with revenue rising 11%-12%",
    "gold_cause": "revenue rising 11%-12% on easier comparisons, industrial end market improvement, and healthy cross-border refined product shipments",
    "gold_effect": "demand to continue recovering in 2021",
    "cause_substr": true,
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    "cause_excess_count": 4,
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    "valid": false,
    "tag": "substr_invalid",
    "cosine": 1.4549126625061035,
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  {
    "input": "To the extent that more cumbersome laws and proposals come to fruition, there could be a nontrivial impact on the firm's business model.",
    "output": "[Cause] more cumbersome laws and proposals come to fruition [Relation] cause [Effect] there could be a nontrivial impact on the firm's business model",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "more cumbersome laws and proposals come to fruition",
    "pred_effect": "there could be a nontrivial impact on the firm's business model",
    "gold_cause": "To the extent that more cumbersome laws and proposals come to fruition",
    "gold_effect": "a nontrivial impact on the firm's business model",
    "cause_substr": true,
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    "cause_excess_count": 4,
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    "tag": "substr_valid",
    "cosine": 1.440526008605957,
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  {
    "input": "Because we believe that price is a key consideration for undifferentiated films used for labels, tapes, or graphics, Avery cannot persistently out-earn its cost of capital on these products.",
    "output": "[Cause] price is a key consideration for undifferentiated films used for labels, tapes, or graphics [Relation] cause [Effect] Avery cannot persistently out-earn its cost of capital on these products.",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "price is a key consideration for undifferentiated films used for labels, tapes, or graphics",
    "pred_effect": "Avery cannot persistently out-earn its cost of capital on these products.",
    "gold_cause": "that price is a key consideration for undifferentiated films used for labels, tapes, or graphics",
    "gold_effect": "Avery cannot persistently out-earn its cost of capital on these products",
    "cause_substr": true,
    "effect_substr": true,
    "cause_excess_count": 1,
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    "valid": true,
    "tag": "substr_valid",
    "cosine": 1.454347014427185,
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  {
    "input": "Compared with the blast furnaces responsible for approximately 70% of global steel production, EAFs are less labor- and energy-intensive, thereby allowing Nucor to recognize low total costs per unit of steel produced.",
    "output": "[Cause] EAFs are less labor- and energy-intensive [Relation] enable [Effect] Nucor to recognize low total costs per unit of steel produced",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "EAFs are less labor- and energy-intensive",
    "pred_effect": "Nucor to recognize low total costs per unit of steel produced",
    "gold_cause": "EAFs are less labor- and energy-intensive",
    "gold_effect": "allowing Nucor to recognize low total costs per unit of steel produced",
    "cause_substr": true,
    "effect_substr": true,
    "cause_excess_count": 0,
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    "tag": "substr_valid",
    "cosine": 1.4578688740730286,
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  {
    "input": "On the competition front, China Mobile now has a 4G licence that is more conventional than its 3G licence, which should allow it to compete more effectively.",
    "output": "[Cause] China Mobile now has a 4G licence that is more conventional than its 3G licence [Relation] enable [Effect] allow it to compete more effectively",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "China Mobile now has a 4G licence that is more conventional than its 3G licence",
    "pred_effect": "allow it to compete more effectively",
    "gold_cause": "has a 4G licence",
    "gold_effect": "allow it to compete more effectively",
    "cause_substr": true,
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    "cause_excess_count": 11,
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    "cosine": 1.2489531636238098,
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  {
    "input": "Aerospace, furthermore, also has a large quantity of patents and intellectual property that allows the firm to build its installed base and is an important intangible asset.",
    "output": "[Cause] Aerospace has a large quantity of patents and intellectual property [Relation] enable [Effect] allows the firm to build its installed base and is an important intangible asset",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "Aerospace has a large quantity of patents and intellectual property",
    "pred_effect": "allows the firm to build its installed base and is an important intangible asset",
    "gold_cause": "a large quantity of patents and intellectual property",
    "gold_effect": "the firm to build its installed base",
    "cause_substr": true,
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    "cause_excess_count": 2,
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    "cosine": 1.3040486574172974,
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  {
    "input": "Owing primarily to the company's high reinvestment needs, this multiple is lower than the average exit multiple applied across our steel coverage.",
    "output": "[Cause] the company's high reinvestment needs [Relation] cause [Effect] this multiple is lower than the average exit multiple applied across our steel coverage",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "the company's high reinvestment needs",
    "pred_effect": "this multiple is lower than the average exit multiple applied across our steel coverage",
    "gold_cause": "Owing primarily to the company's high reinvestment needs",
    "gold_effect": "this multiple is lower than the average exit multiple applied across our steel coverage.",
    "cause_substr": true,
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    "cause_excess_count": 3,
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    "tag": "substr_valid",
    "cosine": 1.3941980600357056,
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  {
    "input": "Aptar is also investing to meet potential future need for dispensing technologies related to novel mRNA drug products, a trend accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic.",
    "output": "[Cause] a trend accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic [Relation] enable [Effect] potential future need for dispensing technologies related to novel mRNA drug products",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "a trend accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic",
    "pred_effect": "potential future need for dispensing technologies related to novel mRNA drug products",
    "gold_cause": "COVID-19 pandemic",
    "gold_effect": "Aptar is also investing to meet potential future need for dispensing technologies related to novel mRNA drug products",
    "cause_substr": true,
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    "cause_excess_count": 5,
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    "tag": "substr_valid",
    "cosine": 1.3257267475128174,
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  {
    "input": "We feel this is appropriate given the strong premiumization trends in beer, which should add a percentage point to the industry's secular growth rate.",
    "output": "[Cause] strong premiumization trends in beer [Relation] cause [Effect] should add a percentage point to the industry's secular growth rate",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "strong premiumization trends in beer",
    "pred_effect": "should add a percentage point to the industry's secular growth rate",
    "gold_cause": "the strong premiumization trends in beer",
    "gold_effect": "add a percentage point to the industry's secular growth rate",
    "cause_substr": true,
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    "cause_excess_count": 1,
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    "valid": true,
    "tag": "substr_valid",
    "cosine": 1.485639214515686,
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  {
    "input": "We see strong subscription growth partially offset by declining revenue in the product and license and support and services segments.",
    "output": "[Cause] declining revenue in the product and license and support and services segments [Relation] offset [Effect] strong subscription growth is partially offset",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "declining revenue in the product and license and support and services segments",
    "pred_effect": "strong subscription growth is partially offset",
    "gold_cause": "declining revenue in the product and license and support and services segments",
    "gold_effect": "strong subscription growth",
    "cause_substr": true,
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    "cause_excess_count": 0,
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    "tag": "substr_valid",
    "cosine": 1.4271256923675537,
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  {
    "input": "This is due to the decline in raw material prices, coupled with the overcapacity issues in the steel industry, resulting in a lack of pricing power for steel producers.",
    "output": "[Cause] the decline in raw material prices, coupled with the overcapacity issues in the steel industry [Relation] cause [Effect] lack of pricing power for steel producers",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "the decline in raw material prices, coupled with the overcapacity issues in the steel industry",
    "pred_effect": "lack of pricing power for steel producers",
    "gold_cause": "the decline in raw material prices",
    "gold_effect": "a lack of pricing power for steel producers",
    "cause_substr": true,
    "effect_substr": true,
    "cause_excess_count": 10,
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    "tag": "substr_invalid",
    "cosine": 1.4170077443122864,
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  {
    "input": "Patterson's operations in this space are subject to a number of federal and state regulatory actions aiming to curb the potentially negative outcomes typically associated with the practice, which increase the cost of providing services.",
    "output": "[Cause] federal and state regulatory actions aiming to curb the potentially negative outcomes typically associated with the practice [Relation] cause [Effect] increase the cost of providing services",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "federal and state regulatory actions aiming to curb the potentially negative outcomes typically associated with the practice",
    "pred_effect": "increase the cost of providing services",
    "gold_cause": "curb the potentially negative outcomes typically associated with the practice",
    "gold_effect": "increase the cost of providing services",
    "cause_substr": true,
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    "cause_excess_count": 7,
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    "valid": false,
    "tag": "substr_invalid",
    "cosine": 1.4023851156234741,
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  {
    "input": "Total holds a high uncertainty rating based on the outcome of our scenario analysis and evaluation of its ESG risks.",
    "output": "[Cause] outcome of our scenario analysis and evaluation of its ESG risks [Relation] cause [Effect] Total holds a high uncertainty rating",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "outcome of our scenario analysis and evaluation of its ESG risks",
    "pred_effect": "Total holds a high uncertainty rating",
    "gold_cause": "the outcome of our scenario analysis and evaluation of its ESG risks",
    "gold_effect": "otal holds a high uncertainty rating",
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    "input": "The commodity products that Bunge moves around the world are readily available from competitors, and the company has little pricing power over the products it buys and sells, making for razor-thin margins.",
    "output": "[Cause] the commodity products that Bunge moves around the world are readily available from competitors [Relation] cause [Effect] the company has little pricing power over the products it buys and sells, making for razor-thin margins",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "the commodity products that Bunge moves around the world are readily available from competitors",
    "pred_effect": "the company has little pricing power over the products it buys and sells, making for razor-thin margins",
    "gold_cause": "The commodity products that Bunge moves around the world are readily available from competitors",
    "gold_effect": "razor-thin margins",
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    "input": "The commodity products that Bunge moves around the world are readily available from competitors, and the company has little pricing power over the products it buys and sells, making for razor-thin margins.",
    "output": "[Cause] The commodity products that Bunge moves around the world are readily available from competitors and the company has little pricing power over the products it buys and sells [Relation] cause [Effect] razor-thin margins",
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    "pred_cause": "The commodity products that Bunge moves around the world are readily available from competitors and the company has little pricing power over the products it buys and sells",
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    "gold_cause": "the company has little pricing power over the products it buys and sells",
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    "input": "Over the nearly two years since the expiration, peers have started to realize traction for competing products and competition continues to intensify, further deteriorating the company's market leadership.",
    "output": "[Cause] peers have started to realize traction for competing products and competition continues to intensify [Relation] cause [Effect] further deteriorating the company's market leadership",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "peers have started to realize traction for competing products and competition continues to intensify",
    "pred_effect": "further deteriorating the company's market leadership",
    "gold_cause": "traction for competing products and competition continues to intensify",
    "gold_effect": "company's market leadership",
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    "input": "Airlines have a long history of irrational competition, due to low entry barriers, high exit barriers, and a price-sensitive customer.",
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    "pred_cause": "low entry barriers, high exit barriers, and a price-sensitive customer",
    "pred_effect": "Airlines have a long history of irrational competition",
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    "gold_effect": "Airlines have a long history of irrational competition",
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    "input": "Zebra has an end-to-end portfolio of specialized AIDC solutions that enables it to achieve a wide footprint within its customers.",
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    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "Zebra has an end-to-end portfolio of specialized AIDC solutions",
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    "gold_cause": "Zebra has an end-to-end portfolio of specialized AIDC solutions",
    "gold_effect": "it to achieve a wide footprint within its customers",
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    "input": "But as these risks are well managed by the firm, with no material outstanding controversies, we do not expect any meaningful impacts to the firm's valuation.",
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    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "risks are well managed by the firm, with no material outstanding controversies",
    "pred_effect": "do not expect any meaningful impacts to the firm's valuation",
    "gold_cause": "these risks are well managed by the firm, with no material outstanding controversies",
    "gold_effect": "not expect any meaningful impacts to the firm's valuation",
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    "input": "We also expect previous and ongoing PSR initiatives to drive the rail's OR down to 61% in 2021 (slightly better than guidance), with further gains to 59%-59.5% in 2022.",
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    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "previous and ongoing PSR initiatives",
    "pred_effect": "drive the rail's OR down to 61% in 2021 (slightly better than guidance), with further gains to 59%-59.5% in 2022",
    "gold_cause": "previous and ongoing PSR initiatives",
    "gold_effect": "the rail's OR down to 61% in 2021 (slightly better than guidance), with further gains to 59%-59.5% in 2022",
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    "input": "Biosimilar competition is a looming threat, but we think the significant manufacturing and development costs that biosimilar makers are expected to incur would slow any erosion of sales of these products, limiting the number of contenders and their ability to compete on price.",
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    "pred_cause": "significant manufacturing and development costs that biosimilar makers are expected to incur",
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    "gold_cause": "the significant manufacturing and development costs that biosimilar makers are expected to incur",
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    "input": "Existing products face annual price deflation of 2% to 3% which has been one of the factors giving rise to the declining trend in ResMed's ROIC; however, ROIC remains well above WACC.",
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    "pred_cause": "Existing products face annual price deflation of 2% to 3%",
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    "gold_cause": "Existing products face annual price deflation of 2% to 3%",
    "gold_effect": "giving rise to the declining trend in ResMed's ROIC",
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    "input": "However, relative to the company's size, J&J needs to increase the number of meaningful drugs in late-stage development to support long-term growth.",
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    "pred_cause": "J&J needs to increase the number of meaningful drugs in late-stage development",
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    "gold_cause": "relative to the company's size, J&J needs to increase the number of meaningful drugs in late-stage development",
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    "input": "Solid investment performance and a reputation as a specialist in real estate investment trusts have made Cohen & Steers a go-to firm for investors looking for real estate exposure.",
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    "pred_cause": "Solid investment performance and a reputation as a specialist in real estate investment trusts",
    "pred_effect": "made Cohen & Steers a go-to firm for investors looking for real estate exposure",
    "gold_cause": "Solid investment performance and a reputation as a specialist in real estate investment trusts",
    "gold_effect": "have made Cohen & Steers a go-to firm for investors looking for real estate exposure",
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  {
    "input": "Even under the same roof, mass production possibilities are limited, as many craft offerings boast some unique element to their brewing or fermentation processes that is not transferrable across products.",
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    "pred_cause": "many craft offerings boast some unique element to their brewing or fermentation processes",
    "pred_effect": "mass production possibilities are limited",
    "gold_cause": "many craft offerings boast some unique element to their brewing or fermentation processes that is not transferrable across products",
    "gold_effect": "mass production possibilities are limited",
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    "input": "For one, McCormick has focused its constrained manufacturing assets on its fastest-turning items to meet heightened demand, which we think is a prudent way to support its retail relationships.",
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    "pred_cause": "McCormick has focused its constrained manufacturing assets on its fastest-turning items",
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  {
    "input": "Further, the company's enormous cash flows support a powerful salesforce that not only sells currently marketed drugs, but also serves as a deterrent for developing drug companies seeking to launch competing products.",
    "output": "[Cause] the company's enormous cash flows support a powerful salesforce [Relation] enable [Effect] serves as a deterrent for developing drug companies seeking to launch competing products",
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    "pred_cause": "the company's enormous cash flows support a powerful salesforce",
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    "gold_effect": "not only sells currently marketed drugs, but also serves as a deterrent for developing drug companies seeking to launch competing products",
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    "input": "It appears to us that in recent years, Bradesco has been able to increase fees on credit cards, checking accounts, and insurance without any real obstacles as a result of a strong economy, amiable regulators, and its sticky deposit base.",
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    "pred_cause": "a strong economy, amiable regulators, and its sticky deposit base",
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    "gold_cause": "a strong economy, amiable regulators, and its sticky deposit base.",
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  {
    "input": "We do not forecast its gross margins will return to peak levels of more than 49% until the end of the decade as we think its competitive position has weakened.",
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    "pred_cause": "its competitive position has weakened",
    "pred_effect": "we do not forecast its gross margins will return to peak levels of more than 49% until the end of the decade",
    "gold_cause": "its competitive position has weakened",
    "gold_effect": "its gross margins will return to peak levels of more than 49% until the end of the decade",
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    "input": "That said, as a result of its thought leadership and strong portfolio, the company enjoys strong customer retention in the low to mid-90% area, which we do not expect to change.",
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    "pred_cause": "its thought leadership and strong portfolio",
    "pred_effect": "the company enjoys strong customer retention in the low to mid-90% area",
    "gold_cause": "thought leadership and strong portfolio",
    "gold_effect": "the company enjoys strong customer retention",
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    "input": "All else equal, we are less confident in outsize economic profits from chipmakers that serve the handset and PC industries, given the shorter product life cycles, intense competition, and customer concentration as a handful of tech titans exert tremendous buying power.",
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    "pred_cause": "shorter product life cycles, intense competition, and customer concentration as a handful of tech titans exert tremendous buying power",
    "pred_effect": "less confident in outsize economic profits from chipmakers that serve the handset and PC industries",
    "gold_cause": "the shorter product life cycles, intense competition, and customer concentration as a handful of tech titans exert tremendous buying power",
    "gold_effect": "All else equal, we are less confident in outsize economic profits from chipmakers that serve the handset and PC industries",
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  {
    "input": "Recurring revenue now makes up roughly 50% of Nasdaq total revenue and will likely continue to increase, as the company's acquisition of Verafin and its sale of its fixed-income trading business to Tradeweb continues to push the firm toward its end goal of being a diversified technology company. This should increase the stability of Nasdaq's earnings and lead the company to having a lower risk profile than it once did.",
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    "pred_cause": "the company's acquisition of Verafin and its sale of its fixed-income trading business to Tradeweb continues to push the firm toward its end goal of being a diversified technology company",
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    "gold_effect": "increase the stability of Nasdaq's earnings and lead the company to having a lower risk profile than it once did",
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    "input": "However, some states and municipalities, including New York, have sought to limit retail natural gas use to reduce reliance on fossil fuels.",
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    "pred_cause": "Some states and municipalities, including New York, have sought to limit retail natural gas use",
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    "gold_cause": "some states and municipalities, including New York, have sought to limit retail natural gas use",
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  {
    "input": "We expect a rebalancing of China's economy from investment to household consumption will mean weaker demand growth for investment-oriented commodities and lower prices than Teck has enjoyed in the past.",
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    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "a rebalancing of China's economy from investment to household consumption",
    "pred_effect": "weaker demand growth for investment-oriented commodities and lower prices",
    "gold_cause": "rebalancing of China's economy from investment to household consumption",
    "gold_effect": "weaker demand growth for investment-oriented commodities and lower prices than Teck has enjoyed in the past",
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  {
    "input": "With its attractive acreage in the Permian Basin, Pioneer Natural Resources holds an enviable cost position in the upstream oil and gas universe.",
    "output": "[Cause] attractive acreage in the Permian Basin [Relation] enable [Effect] Pioneer Natural Resources holds an enviable cost position in the upstream oil and gas universe",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "attractive acreage in the Permian Basin",
    "pred_effect": "Pioneer Natural Resources holds an enviable cost position in the upstream oil and gas universe",
    "gold_cause": "its attractive acreage in the Permian Basin",
    "gold_effect": "Pioneer Natural Resources holds an enviable cost position in the upstream oil and gas universe",
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  {
    "input": "Rio Tinto has an outsize exposure to iron ore mining, and the flattening of the industry cost curve drives higher operating leverage.",
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    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "flattening of the industry cost curve",
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    "gold_cause": "the flattening of the industry cost curve",
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  {
    "input": "We expect a sharp drop in EBITDA in 2021 primarily due to the impact of the winter storm in February.",
    "output": "[Cause] the impact of the winter storm in February [Relation] cause [Effect] a sharp drop in EBITDA in 2021",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "the impact of the winter storm in February",
    "pred_effect": "a sharp drop in EBITDA in 2021",
    "gold_cause": "the impact of the winter storm in February",
    "gold_effect": "a sharp drop in EBITDA in 2021 primarily",
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  {
    "input": "Operating in offshore environments exposes Total to the risk of large oil spills that could result in material losses through lost revenue, fines or penalties, or loss of license to operate.",
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    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "Operating in offshore environments",
    "pred_effect": "Exposes Total to the risk of large oil spills",
    "gold_cause": "Operating in offshore environments",
    "gold_effect": "the risk of large oil spills",
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  {
    "input": "Capital expenditures will be less of a barrier to positive cash flow, as Tilray plans to purchase cannabis from third-party cultivators rather than expand its facilities in the long run.",
    "output": "[Cause] Tilray plans to purchase cannabis from third-party cultivators rather than expand its facilities in the long run. [Relation] enable [Effect] Capital expenditures will be less of a barrier to positive cash flow.",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "Tilray plans to purchase cannabis from third-party cultivators rather than expand its facilities in the long run.",
    "pred_effect": "Capital expenditures will be less of a barrier to positive cash flow.",
    "gold_cause": "Tilray plans to purchase cannabis from third-party cultivators rather than expand its facilities in the long run",
    "gold_effect": "Capital expenditures will be less of a barrier to positive cash flow",
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  {
    "input": "Ultimately, we believe the value offered by its solutions and partnerships with the likes of Sensia and PTC, combined with inorganic opportunities, should allow the firm to remain a top player in the growing automation industry.",
    "output": "[Cause] the value offered by its solutions and partnerships with the likes of Sensia and PTC, combined with inorganic opportunities [Relation] enable [Effect] allow the firm to remain a top player in the growing automation industry",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "the value offered by its solutions and partnerships with the likes of Sensia and PTC, combined with inorganic opportunities",
    "pred_effect": "allow the firm to remain a top player in the growing automation industry",
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    "gold_effect": "allow the firm to remain a top player in the growing automation industry",
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  {
    "input": "We view Tenneco's diverse, well-established, long-term, highly integrated customer relations supplying hundreds of vehicle programs as providing an invaluable barrier to entry, substantially hindering competitors' encroachment on the company's top market share positions.",
    "output": "[Cause] Tenneco's diverse, well-established, long-term, highly integrated customer relations supplying hundreds of vehicle programs [Relation] provide [Effect] providing an invaluable barrier to entry, substantially hindering competitors' encroachment on the company's top market share positions",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "Tenneco's diverse, well-established, long-term, highly integrated customer relations supplying hundreds of vehicle programs",
    "pred_effect": "providing an invaluable barrier to entry, substantially hindering competitors' encroachment on the company's top market share positions",
    "gold_cause": "Tenneco's diverse, well-established, long-term, highly integrated customer relations supplying hundreds of vehicle programs as providing an invaluable barrier to entry",
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    "pred_cause": "commitment to better merchandising and an efficient supply chain",
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    "input": "With appeal to a wide variety of consumers, we anticipate the concept should translate well to new markets as the chain grows toward its 2,500-unit target (from 900 at the end of fiscal 2019).",
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    "input": "The firm could also see lower costs from an improved supply chain and distribution network (as a result of direct sourcing and furniture delivery operations) as well as higher productivity of its store fleet (as underperforming locations close).",
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    "pred_cause": "higher productivity of its store fleet (as underperforming locations close)",
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    "pred_cause": "pandemic-induced distortions",
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    "pred_cause": "Splunk pursuing a shift to the cloud",
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    "input": "When fuel prices increase, surcharges increase, albeit with a few weeks' delay between the rise in prices and surcharge implementation.",
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    "pred_cause": "fuel prices increase",
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    "gold_cause": "fuel prices increase",
    "gold_effect": "surcharges increase, albeit with a few weeks' delay between the rise in prices and surcharge implementation",
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    "input": "Additionally, a meaningful reduction in the world's oil consumption will likely take decades to achieve, giving CME plenty of time to adapt and grow its other product lines.",
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    "pred_cause": "a meaningful reduction in the world's oil consumption will likely take decades to achieve",
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    "gold_cause": "a meaningful reduction in the world's oil consumption will likely take decades to achieve",
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    "input": "Perpetual deals can get pushed out or pulled in within a year and can have a material impact on quarterly results.",
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    "input": "Finally, we anticipate a steadier long-term macroeconomic environment supporting demand for fuses, relays, and custom products in the industrial segment.",
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    "pred_cause": "a steadier long-term macroeconomic environment",
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    "pred_cause": "A decade of consolidation in the corrugated packaging industry",
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    "input": "With COVID-19 exacerbating social and economic tensions, it is not implausible that disruption could break out in some of its operating countries in the months ahead.",
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    "pred_cause": "COVID-19 exacerbating social and economic tensions",
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    "gold_effect": "it is not implausible that disruption could break out in some of its operating countries in the months ahead",
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    "pred_cause": "ON Semiconductor purchased Fairchild Semiconductors",
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    "input": "Further, directors, executives, and 5%-plus stockholders combined have 58.8% voting control, as of December 2020, which could hinder the ability of individual shareholders to effect operational change.",
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    "pred_cause": "directors, executives, and 5%-plus stockholders combined have 58.8% voting control",
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    "input": "We expect pressure on premiums in the near term due to the decline in commercial activity but expect pricing increases and a firmer market to result in solid growth over time.",
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    "pred_cause": "decline in commercial activity",
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    "gold_cause": "the decline in commercial activity but expect pricing increases and a firmer market to result in solid growth over time",
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    "input": "We view Lockheed Martin as the highest-quality defense prime contractor, due to its exposure as the prime contractor on the F-35 program and its missile business.",
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    "pred_cause": "exposure as the prime contractor on the F-35 program and its missile business",
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    "pred_cause": "the pandemic",
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    "input": "The proposed Labor Party changes to the favourable taxation of property, which would likely have impacted demand for property investment and property prices, were shelved when Labor surprisingly lost the May 2019 Federal election.",
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    "pred_cause": "the proposed Labor Party changes to the favourable taxation of property",
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    "input": "Whether for reasons real or perceived, consumption has been shifting to the higher-end of the beer category (with the low end declining at a low single digit rate), particularly as per capita incomes have risen across the globe.",
    "output": "[Cause] per capita incomes have risen across the globe [Relation] cause [Effect] consumption has been shifting to the higher-end of the beer category (with the low end declining at a low single digit rate)",
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    "pred_cause": "per capita incomes have risen across the globe",
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    "gold_effect": "consumption has been shifting to the higher-end of the beer category",
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    "input": "The company's vast financial flexibility, and balance sheet strength may lead to value-destructive acquisitions, such as pricey transactions executed in an already pricey market environment.",
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    "pred_cause": "the company's vast financial flexibility and balance sheet strength",
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    "input": "The company's vast financial flexibility, and balance sheet strength may lead to value-destructive acquisitions, such as pricey transactions executed in an already pricey market environment.",
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    "input": "Consistent product and process technological advancement enables more favorable pricing relative to many automotive industry suppliers that lack the capability or the desire to innovate.",
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    "input": "We suspect that a cooling housing market will dampen growth in mortgages, and we anticipate higher credit costs as cyclical lows from 2019 begin to normalize.",
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    "pred_cause": "cooling housing market",
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    "input": "Additionally, the transition to the cloud is prompting enterprises to change software vendors away from all-in-one ERP systems to application specific that are best of breed.",
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    "pred_cause": "the transition to the cloud",
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    "input": "The business is technology intensive as payment acceptance products have to immediately analyze a variety of different coins and bills (including different currencies, denominations, and designs) and maintain a high fraud detection rate.",
    "output": "[Cause] payment acceptance products have to immediately analyze a variety of different coins and bills (including different currencies, denominations, and designs) [Relation] cause [Effect] The business is technology intensive",
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    "pred_cause": "payment acceptance products have to immediately analyze a variety of different coins and bills (including different currencies, denominations, and designs)",
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    "input": "We also see this industry as being exposed to shifts in government policy that could either hurt or help the company.",
    "output": "[Cause] shifts in government policy [Relation] dependent on [Effect] could either hurt or help the company",
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    "pred_cause": "shifts in government policy",
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    "gold_cause": "this industry as being exposed to shifts in government policy",
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    "input": "Infineon also has hefty manufacturing capacity for its products, which may lead to a higher fixed-cost structure and may cause significant margin compression when supply far exceeds demand.",
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    "pred_cause": "hefty manufacturing capacity for its products",
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    "gold_cause": "Infineon also has hefty manufacturing capacity for its products",
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  {
    "input": "Fee rates for the contracts are typically set based on independent analysis of similar assets at other refineries in the region. As a result, we see returns on invested capital averaging around 10%-11% over the next five years (including the acquisition of Andeavor Logistics), in excess of our weighted average cost of capital.",
    "output": "[Cause] fee rates for the contracts are typically set based on independent analysis of similar assets at other refineries in the region [Relation] enable [Effect] returns on invested capital averaging around 10%-11% over the next five years",
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    "pred_cause": "fee rates for the contracts are typically set based on independent analysis of similar assets at other refineries in the region",
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    "gold_effect": "we see returns on invested capital averaging around 10%-11% over the next five years (including the acquisition of Andeavor Logistics), in excess of our weighted average cost of capital",
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    "input": "A less effective Criteo Engine will more than likely lower the firm's client retention rate and make it harder for Criteo to attract new clients.",
    "output": "[Cause] A less effective Criteo Engine [Relation] cause [Effect] lower the firm's client retention rate | make it harder for Criteo to attract new clients",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "A less effective Criteo Engine",
    "pred_effect": "lower the firm's client retention rate",
    "gold_cause": "effective Criteo Engine",
    "gold_effect": "lower the firm's client retention rate and make it harder for Criteo to attract new clients",
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    "effect_excess_count": 10,
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  {
    "input": "With discretionary services set to bounce back as the pandemic recedes, Willis Towers Watson could see unusually strong growth in the near term.",
    "output": "[Cause] discretionary services set to bounce back as the pandemic recedes [Relation] cause [Effect] Willis Towers Watson could see unusually strong growth in the near term",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "discretionary services set to bounce back as the pandemic recedes",
    "pred_effect": "Willis Towers Watson could see unusually strong growth in the near term",
    "gold_cause": "discretionary services set to bounce back",
    "gold_effect": "Willis Towers Watson could see unusually strong growth in the near term",
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    "effect_substr": true,
    "cause_excess_count": 4,
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    "tag": "substr_valid",
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  {
    "input": "Overall, we see significant barriers to entry around these businesses, which keeps most of the injectable markets that Baxter participates in quite concentrated from a competitive perspective.",
    "output": "[Cause] significant barriers to entry around these businesses [Relation] prevent [Effect] keeps most of the injectable markets that Baxter participates in quite concentrated from a competitive perspective",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "significant barriers to entry around these businesses",
    "pred_effect": "keeps most of the injectable markets that Baxter participates in quite concentrated from a competitive perspective",
    "gold_cause": "we see significant barriers to entry around these businesses",
    "gold_effect": "keeps most of the injectable markets that Baxter participates in quite concentrated from a competitive perspective",
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  {
    "input": "The sector has held up well during the pandemic (consistent with past economic downturns), with a surge in DIY sales as customers look to save on repair costs and as many motorists remaining on the job through lockdowns are lower-income individuals, the core of the DIY segment.",
    "output": "[Cause] surge in DIY sales as customers look to save on repair costs and as many motorists remaining on the job through lockdowns are lower-income individuals, the core of the DIY segment [Relation] cause [Effect] The sector has held up well during the pandemic (consistent with past economic downturns)",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "surge in DIY sales as customers look to save on repair costs and as many motorists remaining on the job through lockdowns are lower-income individuals, the core of the DIY segment",
    "pred_effect": "The sector has held up well during the pandemic (consistent with past economic downturns)",
    "gold_cause": "customers look to save on repair costs and as many motorists remaining on the job through lockdowns are lower-income individuals, the core of the DIY segment",
    "gold_effect": "The sector has held up well during the pandemic (consistent with past economic downturns), with a surge in DIY sales",
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    "cause_excess_count": 5,
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  {
    "input": "Though our outlook on Exact Sciences is uncertain, with significant competition expected to enter the early-screening market over the next decade, we think Exact's early entrant status in pan-cancer and Cologuard's existing share could help sustain growth over the next 10 years.",
    "output": "[Cause] Exact's early entrant status in pan-cancer and Cologuard's existing share [Relation] enable [Effect] help sustain growth over the next 10 years",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "Exact's early entrant status in pan-cancer and Cologuard's existing share",
    "pred_effect": "help sustain growth over the next 10 years",
    "gold_cause": "Exact's early entrant status in pan-cancer and Cologuard's existing share",
    "gold_effect": "sustain growth over the next 10 years",
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    "cosine": 1.4862353801727295,
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  {
    "input": "But given that the gathering and processing business is asset-intensive and receives the bulk of investments and acquisitions, firm-level returns on invested capital have averaged about 5% over the past five years, and we don't expect returns to materially improve.",
    "output": "[Cause] the gathering and processing business is asset-intensive and receives the bulk of investments and acquisitions [Relation] cause [Effect] firm-level returns on invested capital have averaged about 5% over the past five years",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "the gathering and processing business is asset-intensive and receives the bulk of investments and acquisitions",
    "pred_effect": "firm-level returns on invested capital have averaged about 5% over the past five years",
    "gold_cause": "the gathering and processing business is asset-intensive and receives the bulk of investments and acquisitions",
    "gold_effect": "firm-level returns on invested capital have averaged about 5% over the past five years, and we don't expect returns to materially improve",
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  {
    "input": "Longtime seating firms such as Adient have decades of knowledge of what automakers and consumers want in a seat or interior, a helpful intangible asset in keeping new entrants out.",
    "output": "[Cause] longtime seating firms such as Adient have decades of knowledge of what automakers and consumers want in a seat or interior [Relation] cause [Effect] a helpful intangible asset in keeping new entrants out",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "longtime seating firms such as Adient have decades of knowledge of what automakers and consumers want in a seat or interior",
    "pred_effect": "a helpful intangible asset in keeping new entrants out",
    "gold_cause": "Longtime seating firms such as Adient have decades of knowledge of what automakers and consumers want in a seat or interior",
    "gold_effect": "a helpful intangible asset in keeping new entrants out",
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    "cosine": 1.4252358675003052,
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  {
    "input": "Owing to the diesel scandal, Volkswagen global sales declined 2% in 2015 but have rebounded since, finishing 2019 at nearly 11 million.",
    "output": "[Cause] the diesel scandal [Relation] cause [Effect] Volkswagen global sales declined 2% in 2015",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "the diesel scandal",
    "pred_effect": "Volkswagen global sales declined 2% in 2015",
    "gold_cause": "the diesel scandal",
    "gold_effect": "Volkswagen global sales declined 2% in 2015 but have rebounded since, finishing 2019 at nearly 11 million",
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  {
    "input": "We assume relatively few towers will be built and acquired in the U.S., contributing to a 300-basis-point rise in segment gross margin.",
    "output": "[Cause] relatively few towers will be built and acquired in the U.S. [Relation] contribute to [Effect] 300-basis-point rise in segment gross margin",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "relatively few towers will be built and acquired in the U.S.",
    "pred_effect": "300-basis-point rise in segment gross margin",
    "gold_cause": "few towers will be built and acquired in the U.S.",
    "gold_effect": "a 300-basis-point rise in segment gross margin",
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  {
    "input": "But for Bath &amp; Body Works, the segment posted 5% same-store sales over the past five years, and we expect comps that rise 2%-3% on average over the long term as brand relevance remains at the segment.",
    "output": "[Cause] brand relevance remains at the segment [Relation] cause [Effect] expect comps that rise 2%-3% on average over the long term",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "brand relevance remains at the segment",
    "pred_effect": "expect comps that rise 2%-3% on average over the long term",
    "gold_cause": "brand relevance remains at the segment",
    "gold_effect": "comps that rise 2%-3% on average over the long term",
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  {
    "input": "The facility is particularly important because of the growing demand for exports of refined products and NGLs, and access to five docks is an important competitive advantage given geographic constraints.",
    "output": "[Cause] growing demand for exports of refined products and NGLs [Relation] enable [Effect] the facility is particularly important",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "growing demand for exports of refined products and NGLs",
    "pred_effect": "the facility is particularly important",
    "gold_cause": "the growing demand for exports of refined products and NGLs",
    "gold_effect": "The facility is particularly important",
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    "input": "After several years of mixed results, Merck's R&D productivity is improving as the company shifts more toward areas of unmet medical need.",
    "output": "[Cause] the company shifts more toward areas of unmet medical need [Relation] cause [Effect] Merck's R&D productivity is improving",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "the company shifts more toward areas of unmet medical need",
    "pred_effect": "Merck's R&D productivity is improving",
    "gold_cause": "the company shifts more toward areas of unmet medical need",
    "gold_effect": "After several years of mixed results, Merck's R&D productivity is improving",
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  {
    "input": "However, we expect that the Japanese solar panel market will shrink, as the purchase price of feed in the tariff program is set to be cut annually, and Kyocera's revenue will decrease as a result.",
    "output": "[Cause] the purchase price of feed in the tariff program is set to be cut annually [Relation] cause, effect [Effect] the Japanese solar panel market will shrink",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "the purchase price of feed in the tariff program is set to be cut annually",
    "pred_effect": "the Japanese solar panel market will shrink",
    "gold_cause": "the purchase price of feed in the tariff program is set to be cut annually, and Kyocera's revenue will decrease as a resul",
    "gold_effect": "Japanese solar panel market will shrink",
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    "input": "We expect electricity demand to rebound to prepandemic levels on a nationwide basis, but sustained low oil and gas prices could be a drag on electricity demand in Texas, where NRG has the bulk of its business.",
    "output": "[Cause] sustained low oil and gas prices [Relation] cause [Effect] a drag on electricity demand in Texas",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "sustained low oil and gas prices",
    "pred_effect": "a drag on electricity demand in Texas",
    "gold_cause": "sustained low oil and gas prices",
    "gold_effect": "electricity demand in Texas",
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  {
    "input": "We forecast that growing subscription revenue and the product mix shift will lead to operating margins to expand into the high-20s.",
    "output": "[Cause] growing subscription revenue and the product mix shift [Relation] cause [Effect] operating margins to expand into the high-20s",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "growing subscription revenue and the product mix shift",
    "pred_effect": "operating margins to expand into the high-20s",
    "gold_cause": "growing subscription revenue",
    "gold_effect": "operating margins to expand into the high-20s",
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  {
    "input": "We forecast that growing subscription revenue and the product mix shift will lead to operating margins to expand into the high-20s.",
    "output": "[Cause] growing subscription revenue and the product mix shift [Relation] cause [Effect] operating margins to expand into the high-20s",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "growing subscription revenue and the product mix shift",
    "pred_effect": "operating margins to expand into the high-20s",
    "gold_cause": "the product mix shift",
    "gold_effect": "operating margins to expand into the high-20s",
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  {
    "input": "While Constellation's trademarks have broad appeal, it is not immune to the fact that anything inconsistent with the prevailing ethos gives rise to the possibility of severe commercial disruption.",
    "output": "[Cause] anything inconsistent with the prevailing ethos [Relation] cause [Effect] gives rise to the possibility of severe commercial disruption",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "anything inconsistent with the prevailing ethos",
    "pred_effect": "gives rise to the possibility of severe commercial disruption",
    "gold_cause": "anything inconsistent with the prevailing ethos",
    "gold_effect": "severe commercial disruption",
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  {
    "input": "We think the company is risking a significant part of its core business by risking upsetting customers with less database flexibility and prompting customers to rethink their cloud ERP needs.",
    "output": "[Cause] risking upsetting customers with less database flexibility [Relation] cause [Effect] risking a significant part of its core business",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "risking upsetting customers with less database flexibility",
    "pred_effect": "risking a significant part of its core business",
    "gold_cause": "risking upsetting customers with less database flexibility and prompting customers to rethink their cloud ERP needs",
    "gold_effect": "the company is risking a significant part of its core business",
    "cause_substr": true,
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  {
    "input": "Based on the bond financings and the ratings upgrades we lowered the long-term pretax cost of debt assumption in our valuation analysis to low (5.8%) from moderate (6.5%).",
    "output": "[Cause] the bond financings and the ratings upgrades [Relation] cause [Effect] lowered the long-term pretax cost of debt assumption in our valuation analysis to low (5.8%) from moderate (6.5%)",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "the bond financings and the ratings upgrades",
    "pred_effect": "lowered the long-term pretax cost of debt assumption in our valuation analysis to low (5.8%) from moderate (6.5%)",
    "gold_cause": "Based on the bond financings and the ratings upgrades",
    "gold_effect": "we lowered the long-term pretax cost of debt assumption in our valuation analysis to low (5.8%) from moderate (6.5%)",
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    "input": "We expect loan growth to average 3% for most years over the same period, although growth will be pressured in the near term as PPP loans roll off the balance sheet.",
    "output": "[Cause] PPP loans roll off the balance sheet [Relation] cause [Effect] loan growth will be pressured in the near term",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "PPP loans roll off the balance sheet",
    "pred_effect": "loan growth will be pressured in the near term",
    "gold_cause": "PPP loans roll off the balance sheet",
    "gold_effect": "growth will be pressured in the near term",
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    "input": "We think Boeing's 737 MAX is a solid narrow-bodied aircraft, but we recognize that its recently rescinded grounding has dented Boeing's reputation and its order book.",
    "output": "[Cause] its recently rescinded grounding [Relation] cause [Effect] dented Boeing's reputation and its order book",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "its recently rescinded grounding",
    "pred_effect": "dented Boeing's reputation and its order book",
    "gold_cause": "recently rescinded grounding",
    "gold_effect": "dented Boeing's reputation and its order book",
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  {
    "input": "We predict a period of HDD oversupply hitting sometime around 2024 to shrink the top line, but for Seagate's HDD sales to return to a midcycle growth rate of 2% thereafter.",
    "output": "[Cause] period of HDD oversupply hitting sometime around 2024 [Relation] cause [Effect] shrink the top line",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "period of HDD oversupply hitting sometime around 2024",
    "pred_effect": "shrink the top line",
    "gold_cause": "a period of HDD oversupply hitting sometime around 2024",
    "gold_effect": "shrink the top line",
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    "input": "We do not see this as an immediate threat to the business but are mindful of longer-term lower refined product demand as we expect gasoline demand to decline in the years ahead.",
    "output": "[Cause] expect gasoline demand to decline in the years ahead [Relation] cause [Effect] longer-term lower refined product demand",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "expect gasoline demand to decline in the years ahead",
    "pred_effect": "longer-term lower refined product demand",
    "gold_cause": "we expect gasoline demand to decline in the years ahead",
    "gold_effect": "We do not see this as an immediate threat to the business but are mindful of longer-term lower refined product demand",
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  {
    "input": "Wesco is an important channel partner for thousands of suppliers, and we think its large and expanding customer base and ability to outgrow its end markets strengthens its standing with its suppliers.",
    "output": "[Cause] large and expanding customer base and ability to outgrow its end markets [Relation] enable [Effect] strengthens its standing with its suppliers",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "large and expanding customer base and ability to outgrow its end markets",
    "pred_effect": "strengthens its standing with its suppliers",
    "gold_cause": "its large and expanding customer base and ability to outgrow its end markets",
    "gold_effect": "strengthens its standing with its suppliers.",
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  {
    "input": "In our view, Teleflex's Hem-O-Lock system has some trace switching costs because of the exclusivity agreement with the da Vinci surgical system, a robotic system made by Intuitive Surgical that is used for a wide range of surgical procedures, including prostatectomies, cardiac repair, and gynecologic procedures.",
    "output": "[Cause] exclusivity agreement with the da Vinci surgical system [Relation] cause [Effect] Teleflex's Hem-O-Lock system has some trace switching costs",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "exclusivity agreement with the da Vinci surgical system",
    "pred_effect": "Teleflex's Hem-O-Lock system has some trace switching costs",
    "gold_cause": "the exclusivity agreement with the da Vinci surgical system",
    "gold_effect": "Teleflex's Hem-O-Lock system has some trace switching costs",
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  {
    "input": "Following several recent cost-savings plans, we believe the low-hanging fruit has been picked, but Altria does have some plants it could close (it has separate smokeless manufacturing facilities, for example) for future rounds of manufacturing consolidation.",
    "output": "[Cause] Following several recent cost-savings plans [Relation] cause [Effect] the low-hanging fruit has been picked",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "Following several recent cost-savings plans",
    "pred_effect": "the low-hanging fruit has been picked",
    "gold_cause": "cost-savings plans",
    "gold_effect": "the low-hanging fruit has been picked",
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  {
    "input": "We believe this underinvestment has limited consumers' awareness of the firm's brands and manifests itself in lackluster brand equity and pricing power.",
    "output": "[Cause] underinvestment in marketing and brand building [Relation] cause [Effect] limited consumers' awareness of the firm's brands",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "underinvestment in marketing and brand building",
    "pred_effect": "limited consumers' awareness of the firm's brands",
    "gold_cause": "underinvestment",
    "gold_effect": "limited consumers' awareness of the firm's brands and manifests itself in lackluster brand equity and pricing power",
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  {
    "input": "However, the comparison is not entirely apples-to-apples, as the competitors primarily participate in the natural, organics, and prescription pet food channel.",
    "output": "[Cause] the competitors primarily participate in the natural, organics, and prescription pet food channel [Relation] cause [Effect] the comparison is not entirely apples-to-apples",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "the competitors primarily participate in the natural, organics, and prescription pet food channel",
    "pred_effect": "the comparison is not entirely apples-to-apples",
    "gold_cause": "as the competitors primarily participate in the natural, organics, and prescription pet food channel",
    "gold_effect": "the comparison is not entirely apples-to-apples",
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  {
    "input": "In addition, of HD Supply's businesses, C&amp;I has the least amount of capital deployed (due to limited goodwill) which supports better returns on invested capital.",
    "output": "[Cause] C&amp;I has the least amount of capital deployed (due to limited goodwill) [Relation] cause [Effect] supports better returns on invested capital",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "C&amp;I has the least amount of capital deployed (due to limited goodwill)",
    "pred_effect": "supports better returns on invested capital",
    "gold_cause": "C&amp;I has the least amount of capital deployed (due to limited goodwill)",
    "gold_effect": "better returns on invested capital",
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  {
    "input": "Additionally, we think air cargo growth will be the biggest driver for JBT's airport equipment, along with general infrastructure spending.",
    "output": "[Cause] air cargo growth and general infrastructure spending [Relation] enable [Effect] biggest driver for JBT's airport equipment",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "air cargo growth and general infrastructure spending",
    "pred_effect": "biggest driver for JBT's airport equipment",
    "gold_cause": "air cargo growth",
    "gold_effect": "JBT's airport equipment",
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    "input": "With the more recent acquisitions of workflow solutions provider MModal and negative wound care solutions provider Acelity, we believe the firm can capitalize on the stable and ever-growing healthcare market.",
    "output": "[Cause] acquisitions of workflow solutions provider MModal and negative wound care solutions provider Acelity [Relation] enable [Effect] the firm can capitalize on the stable and ever-growing healthcare market",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "acquisitions of workflow solutions provider MModal and negative wound care solutions provider Acelity",
    "pred_effect": "the firm can capitalize on the stable and ever-growing healthcare market",
    "gold_cause": "the more recent acquisitions of workflow solutions provider MModal and negative wound care solutions provider Acelity,",
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    "input": "The company sells products through digital channels in more than 50 countries and, aided by the pandemic, its e-commerce increased 53% to about EUR 4.2 billion in 2020 from just EUR 200 million in 2012.",
    "output": "[Cause] aided by the pandemic [Relation] cause [Effect] e-commerce increased 53% to about EUR 4.2 billion in 2020 from just EUR 200 million in 2012",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "aided by the pandemic",
    "pred_effect": "e-commerce increased 53% to about EUR 4.2 billion in 2020 from just EUR 200 million in 2012",
    "gold_cause": "the pandemic",
    "gold_effect": "its e-commerce increased 53% to about EUR 4.2 billion in 2020 from just EUR 200 million in 2012",
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    "input": "Moreover, Stryker management has demonstrated an acute understanding of new opportunities for medtech competitors that have arisen thanks to the shift toward value-based reimbursement that has put pressure on providers.",
    "output": "[Cause] the shift toward value-based reimbursement that has put pressure on providers [Relation] enable [Effect] new opportunities for medtech competitors",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "the shift toward value-based reimbursement that has put pressure on providers",
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    "gold_effect": "Stryker management has demonstrated an acute understanding of new opportunities for medtech competitors that have arisen",
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    "input": "Over time, gross margins could reach 38% as volume increases and negotiating leverage improve occupancy costs, while ongoing industry competitiveness constrains pricing power.",
    "output": "[Cause] volume increases and negotiating leverage improve occupancy costs [Relation] enable [Effect] gross margins could reach 38%",
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    "pred_cause": "volume increases and negotiating leverage improve occupancy costs",
    "pred_effect": "gross margins could reach 38%",
    "gold_cause": "volume increases and negotiating leverage improve occupancy costs, while ongoing industry competitiveness constrains pricing power",
    "gold_effect": "gross margins could reach 38%",
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  {
    "input": "Cost leverage from modest growth at the Dollar Tree banner and the benefit of store construction and remodelings should lead adjusted operating margin to a level near fiscal 2020's 7.4% mark despite rising competition.",
    "output": "[Cause] Cost leverage from modest growth at the Dollar Tree banner and the benefit of store construction and remodelings [Relation] enable [Effect] lead adjusted operating margin to a level near fiscal 2020's 7.4% mark",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "Cost leverage from modest growth at the Dollar Tree banner and the benefit of store construction and remodelings",
    "pred_effect": "lead adjusted operating margin to a level near fiscal 2020's 7.4% mark",
    "gold_cause": "Cost leverage from modest growth at the Dollar Tree banner and the benefit of store construction and remodelings",
    "gold_effect": "lead adjusted operating margin to a level near fiscal 2020's 7.4% mark despite rising competition",
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  {
    "input": "As contracts for defense hardware essentially grant a monopoly on the product, we also see some modest switching costs stemming from a lack of viable alternatives, but this is partially mitigated by the government's right to license patents to third parties.",
    "output": "[Cause] contracts for defense hardware essentially grant a monopoly on the product [Relation] cause [Effect] some modest switching costs stemming from a lack of viable alternatives",
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    "pred_cause": "contracts for defense hardware essentially grant a monopoly on the product",
    "pred_effect": "some modest switching costs stemming from a lack of viable alternatives",
    "gold_cause": "ontracts for defense hardware essentially grant a monopoly on the product",
    "gold_effect": "we also see some modest switching costs stemming from a lack of viable alternatives",
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    "input": "Cogent's IRUs have an average remaining life of around 20 years and come from over 200 different network suppliers. As a result, Cogent's capital spending now consists primarily of maintenance costs and equipment upgrades, and its capital intensity is materially lower than competitors.",
    "output": "[Cause] Cogent's IRUs have an average remaining life of around 20 years and come from over 200 different network suppliers. [Relation] cause [Effect] Cogent's capital spending now consists primarily of maintenance costs and equipment upgrades, and its capital intensity is materially lower than competitors.",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "Cogent's IRUs have an average remaining life of around 20 years and come from over 200 different network suppliers.",
    "pred_effect": "Cogent's capital spending now consists primarily of maintenance costs and equipment upgrades, and its capital intensity is materially lower than competitors.",
    "gold_cause": "Cogent's IRUs have an average remaining life of around 20 years and come from over 200 different network suppliers",
    "gold_effect": "Cogent's capital spending now consists primarily of maintenance costs and equipment upgrades, and its capital intensity is materially lower than competitors",
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    "input": "An increase in downloads of ad-blocking software and applications poses a real threat to ad revenue generated by Criteo.",
    "output": "[Cause] An increase in downloads of ad-blocking software and applications [Relation] cause [Effect] poses a real threat to ad revenue generated by Criteo",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "An increase in downloads of ad-blocking software and applications",
    "pred_effect": "poses a real threat to ad revenue generated by Criteo",
    "gold_cause": "An increase in downloads of ad-blocking software and applications",
    "gold_effect": "a real threat to ad revenue generated by Criteo",
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    "input": "The decision to merge with O2 will create the second integrated wireless and fixed-line player in the U.K., which should benefit Virgin's strategic position.",
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    "pred_cause": "the decision to merge with O2",
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    "gold_effect": "benefit Virgin's strategic position",
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    "input": "IUD market and discourage potential entrants because, once the costs of manufacturing, clinical trials, and marketing are tallied, they will be prohibitive to another market entrant in this niche space.",
    "output": "[Cause] once the costs of manufacturing, clinical trials, and marketing are tallied [Relation] prevent [Effect] discourage potential entrants",
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    "pred_cause": "once the costs of manufacturing, clinical trials, and marketing are tallied",
    "pred_effect": "discourage potential entrants",
    "gold_cause": "once the costs of manufacturing, clinical trials, and marketing are tallied, they will be prohibitive to another market entrant in this niche space",
    "gold_effect": "IUD market and discourage potential entrants",
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    "input": "Its operating income (excluding charges) dropped more than $1.5 billion between 2014 and 2019 (to $1.2 billion from $2.8 billion) on store closures, declining sales, and increased expenses.",
    "output": "[Cause] store closures, declining sales, and increased expenses [Relation] cause [Effect] operating income (excluding charges) dropped more than $1.5 billion between 2014 and 2019 (to $1.2 billion from $2.8 billion)",
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    "pred_cause": "store closures, declining sales, and increased expenses",
    "pred_effect": "operating income (excluding charges) dropped more than $1.5 billion between 2014 and 2019 (to $1.2 billion from $2.8 billion)",
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    "gold_effect": "operating income (excluding charges) dropped more than $1.5 billion",
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    "input": "Other product innovations include a patented underground fueling system made from prefabricated, factory-assembled components, which results in reduced labor costs and increased leak prevention.",
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    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "a patented underground fueling system made from prefabricated, factory-assembled components",
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    "gold_cause": "Other product innovations include a patented underground fueling system made from prefabricated, factory-assembled components",
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    "input": "Though we do not expect specific ESG risks to materially affect Alcon, product governance failures leading to poor health outcomes could have a significant impact on Alcon's financial results.",
    "output": "[Cause] product governance failures leading to poor health outcomes [Relation] cause [Effect] significant impact on Alcon's financial results",
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    "pred_cause": "product governance failures leading to poor health outcomes",
    "pred_effect": "significant impact on Alcon's financial results",
    "gold_cause": "product governance failures leading to poor health outcomes",
    "gold_effect": "have a significant impact on Alcon's financial results",
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    "input": "The company's focus on creating connected devices, which remotely monitors the patient's usage and breathing performance, entrenches ResMed as a preferred device provider with all three users of the data: patients, the medical practitioner and the payer.",
    "output": "[Cause] company's focus on creating connected devices, which remotely monitors the patient's usage and breathing performance [Relation] cause [Effect] entrenches ResMed as a preferred device provider with all three users of the data: patients, the medical practitioner, and the payer",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "company's focus on creating connected devices, which remotely monitors the patient's usage and breathing performance",
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    "input": "Therefore, continued deceleration in subscriptions, or growth that does not materialize as expected in PaaS or emerging products would likely have an adverse impact on the stock in our view.",
    "output": "[Cause] continued deceleration in subscriptions, or growth that does not materialize as expected in PaaS or emerging products [Relation] cause [Effect] likely have an adverse impact on the stock in our view",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "continued deceleration in subscriptions, or growth that does not materialize as expected in PaaS or emerging products",
    "pred_effect": "likely have an adverse impact on the stock in our view",
    "gold_cause": "continued deceleration in subscriptions, or growth that does not materialize as expected in PaaS or emerging products",
    "gold_effect": "an adverse impact on the stock",
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    "input": "The benefits of fixed-cost leverage and the difficulty of providing a differentiated wireless offering create an efficient scale advantage in the wireless industry.",
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    "pred_cause": "the benefits of fixed-cost leverage and the difficulty of providing a differentiated wireless offering",
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  {
    "input": "We project that TV ad revenue will continue to decline on a secular basis due to the ongoing shift to digital ads, but the network will benefit from the 2020 and 2024 presidential elections along with the 2022 midterm elections, leading to flat advertising revenue over fiscal 2020-25.",
    "output": "[Cause] ongoing shift to digital ads [Relation] cause [Effect] TV ad revenue will continue to decline on a secular basis",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "ongoing shift to digital ads",
    "pred_effect": "TV ad revenue will continue to decline on a secular basis",
    "gold_cause": "the ongoing shift to digital ads",
    "gold_effect": "TV ad revenue will continue to decline on a secular basis",
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    "input": "Third, we'd characterize the incremental fee opportunities from refined product storage terminals and butane blending as low risk and attractive, given the lack of volatility in Magellan's end markets.",
    "output": "[Cause] lack of volatility in Magellan's end markets [Relation] enable [Effect] characterize the incremental fee opportunities from refined product storage terminals and butane blending as low risk and attractive",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "lack of volatility in Magellan's end markets",
    "pred_effect": "characterize the incremental fee opportunities from refined product storage terminals and butane blending as low risk and attractive",
    "gold_cause": "the lack of volatility in Magellan's end markets",
    "gold_effect": "the incremental fee opportunities from refined product storage terminals and butane blending as low risk and attractiv",
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  {
    "input": "We believe that the benefit of high-margin retransmission revenue will be offset by increased reverse compensation demands from the national broadcasters. As a result, we project that the average operating margin will fall to 18%, below the current three-year historical average of 22%.",
    "output": "[Cause] increased reverse compensation demands from the national broadcasters [Relation] offset [Effect] the average operating margin will fall to 18%",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "increased reverse compensation demands from the national broadcasters",
    "pred_effect": "the average operating margin will fall to 18%",
    "gold_cause": "the benefit of high-margin retransmission revenue will be offset by increased reverse compensation demands from the national broadcasters",
    "gold_effect": "the average operating margin will fall to 18%, below the current three-year historical average of 22%",
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    "input": "We expect a rebound in 2021 on the refined product demand side, boosting distributable cash flow to about $1.12 billion.",
    "output": "[Cause] rebound in 2021 on the refined product demand side [Relation] cause [Effect] boosting distributable cash flow to about $1.12 billion",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "rebound in 2021 on the refined product demand side",
    "pred_effect": "boosting distributable cash flow to about $1.12 billion",
    "gold_cause": "We expect a rebound in 2021 on the refined product demand side",
    "gold_effect": "boosting distributable cash flow to about $1.12 billion",
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    "input": "Meanwhile, recently announced capital spending and operating cost reductions, combined with the company's low debt and cash balance, should keep the dividend safe.",
    "output": "[Cause] recently announced capital spending and operating cost reductions, combined with the company's low debt and cash balance [Relation] cause [Effect] should keep the dividend safe",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "recently announced capital spending and operating cost reductions, combined with the company's low debt and cash balance",
    "pred_effect": "should keep the dividend safe",
    "gold_cause": "capital spending and operating cost reductions, combined with the company's low debt and cash balance",
    "gold_effect": "keep the dividend safe",
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  {
    "input": "Annual contractual price reductions for OEM customers are an auto industry norm, so BorgWarner has to aggressively employ kaizen, kanban, and Six Sigma lean manufacturing programs to advance cost savings.",
    "output": "[Cause] Annual contractual price reductions for OEM customers are an auto industry norm [Relation] cause [Effect] BorgWarner has to aggressively employ kaizen, kanban, and Six Sigma lean manufacturing programs",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "Annual contractual price reductions for OEM customers are an auto industry norm",
    "pred_effect": "BorgWarner has to aggressively employ kaizen, kanban, and Six Sigma lean manufacturing programs",
    "gold_cause": "Annual contractual price reductions for OEM customers are an auto industry norm",
    "gold_effect": "BorgWarner has to aggressively employ kaizen, kanban, and Six Sigma lean manufacturing programs to advance cost savings",
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  {
    "input": "Management's objective is to increase revenue to just under EUR 5.0 billion in 2021, but this target will likely be lowered owing to the COVID-19 outbreak.",
    "output": "[Cause] the COVID-19 outbreak [Relation] cause [Effect] target will likely be lowered",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "the COVID-19 outbreak",
    "pred_effect": "target will likely be lowered",
    "gold_cause": "the COVID-19 outbreak",
    "gold_effect": "this target will likely be lowered",
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  {
    "input": "The strong intangible brand asset led to worldwide Barbie sales rising 19%, Hot Wheels increasing 13%, and American Girl higher by 12%.",
    "output": "[Cause] strong intangible brand asset [Relation] enable [Effect] worldwide Barbie sales rising 19%, Hot Wheels increasing 13%, and American Girl higher by 12%",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "strong intangible brand asset",
    "pred_effect": "worldwide Barbie sales rising 19%, Hot Wheels increasing 13%, and American Girl higher by 12%",
    "gold_cause": "The strong intangible brand asset",
    "gold_effect": "worldwide Barbie sales rising 19%, Hot Wheels increasing 13%, and American Girl higher by 12%",
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  {
    "input": "That said, we're not prepared to assume that Moderna will see pricing at the level of current innovative vaccines, given the evolving competitive landscape.",
    "output": "[Cause] the evolving competitive landscape [Relation] prevent [Effect] not prepared to assume that Moderna will see pricing at the level of current innovative vaccines",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "the evolving competitive landscape",
    "pred_effect": "not prepared to assume that Moderna will see pricing at the level of current innovative vaccines",
    "gold_cause": "evolving competitive landscape",
    "gold_effect": "prepared to assume that Moderna will see pricing at the level of current innovative vaccines",
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  {
    "input": "Carrier's failure to keep pace with global green building standards and product demand trends could result in reputational risk and lost market share, but we see a low probability of this risk materializing.",
    "output": "[Cause] Carrier's failure to keep pace with global green building standards and product demand trends [Relation] cause [Effect] result in reputational risk and lost market share",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "Carrier's failure to keep pace with global green building standards and product demand trends",
    "pred_effect": "result in reputational risk and lost market share",
    "gold_cause": "Carrier's failure to keep pace with global green building standards and product demand trends",
    "gold_effect": "reputational risk and lost market share",
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  {
    "input": "Over the next five years, we expect Trane's revenue to increase at about a 7.5% compound annual rate (6.5% organic) as demand for the firm's commercial HVAC and transportation refrigeration products rebounds after 2020.",
    "output": "[Cause] demand for the firm's commercial HVAC and transportation refrigeration products rebounds after 2020 [Relation] cause [Effect] expect Trane's revenue to increase at about a 7.5% compound annual rate (6.5% organic) over the next five years",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "demand for the firm's commercial HVAC and transportation refrigeration products rebounds after 2020",
    "pred_effect": "expect Trane's revenue to increase at about a 7.5% compound annual rate (6.5% organic) over the next five years",
    "gold_cause": "demand for the firm's commercial HVAC and transportation refrigeration products rebounds after 2020",
    "gold_effect": "Trane's revenue to increase at about a 7.5% compound annual rate (6.5% organic)",
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  {
    "input": "With Exact's pan-cancer technology untested in the marketplace, we think there are material upside opportunities and downside risks to our reasonable base-case assumptions.",
    "output": "[Cause] Exact's pan-cancer technology untested in the marketplace [Relation] cause [Effect] material upside opportunities and downside risks to our reasonable base-case assumptions",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "Exact's pan-cancer technology untested in the marketplace",
    "pred_effect": "material upside opportunities and downside risks to our reasonable base-case assumptions",
    "gold_cause": "Exact's pan-cancer technology untested in the marketplace",
    "gold_effect": "there are material upside opportunities and downside risks to our reasonable base-case assumptions",
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    "input": "This creates potential greenhouse gas emissions, effluents, pipeline spills, and opposition and protests that in the long run could push consumers away from fossil fuels in greater numbers, resulting in long-term demand erosion.",
    "output": "[Cause] potential greenhouse gas emissions, effluents, pipeline spills, and opposition and protests [Relation] cause [Effect] push consumers away from fossil fuels in greater numbers",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "potential greenhouse gas emissions, effluents, pipeline spills, and opposition and protests",
    "pred_effect": "push consumers away from fossil fuels in greater numbers",
    "gold_cause": "This creates potential greenhouse gas emissions, effluents, pipeline spills, and opposition and protests",
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    "input": "We model non-GAAP operating margins increasing from 43% in fiscal 2020 (actual) to 45% in fiscal 2025 driven by improving scale in the Digital Experience segment and general operating leverage.",
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    "pred_cause": "improving scale in the Digital Experience segment and general operating leverage",
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    "input": "This allows for the application of incremental iron units to the melt without the burden of freight costs. This facilitates the production of high-strength, flat-rolled steel using only a fraction of the metallurgical coal required by its peers that operate blast furnaces.",
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    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "the application of incremental iron units to the melt without the burden of freight costs",
    "pred_effect": "facilitates the production of high-strength, flat-rolled steel using only a fraction of the metallurgical coal required by its peers that operate blast furnaces",
    "gold_cause": "This allows for the application of incremental iron units to the melt without the burden of freight costs",
    "gold_effect": "This facilitates the production of high-strength, flat-rolled steel using only a fraction of the metallurgical coal required by its peers that operate blast furnaces",
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    "input": "Such growth in paid member count, coupled with 4% growth in average revenue per paying user, we think will result in a 18% five-year CAGR in dating revenue growth.",
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    "pred_cause": "growth in paid member count, coupled with 4% growth in average revenue per paying user",
    "pred_effect": "18% five-year CAGR in dating revenue growth",
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    "gold_effect": "a 18% five-year CAGR in dating revenue growth",
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  {
    "input": "In complex industries, a good record in offering customers durable, well-engineered, and reliable equipment cannot be achieved without technological know-how.",
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    "pred_cause": "technological know-how",
    "pred_effect": "good record in offering customers durable, well-engineered, and reliable equipment",
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    "input": "The firm's increased presence in the faster-growing emerging markets may partially offset the impact of economic downturns within developed regions.",
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    "pred_cause": "increased presence in the faster-growing emerging markets",
    "pred_effect": "partially offset the impact of economic downturns within developed regions",
    "gold_cause": "The firm's increased presence in the faster-growing emerging markets",
    "gold_effect": "partially offset the impact of economic downturns within developed regions",
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    "input": "Despite good SG&A efficiency, the company has room to improve its SG&A expense as a percentage of gross profit, as many of Lithia's markets have not returned to prerecession levels and large deals could bring more scale from more used sales and more leasing business.",
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    "pred_cause": "many of Lithia's markets have not returned to prerecession levels and large deals could bring more scale from more used sales and more leasing business",
    "pred_effect": "the company has room to improve its SG&A expense as a percentage of gross profit",
    "gold_cause": "many of Lithia's markets have not returned to prerecession levels and large deals could bring more scale",
    "gold_effect": "the company has room to improve its SG&A expense as a percentage of gross profit",
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    "input": "Crown is transitioning to become less reliant on its tower business by acquiring fiber (it now owns 80,000 route miles) and setting up small cells on it.",
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    "pred_cause": "acquiring fiber (it now owns 80,000 route miles) and setting up small cells on it",
    "pred_effect": "Crown is transitioning to become less reliant on its tower business",
    "gold_cause": "its tower business by acquiring fiber (it now owns 80,000 route miles) and setting up small cells on it",
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    "input": "The breadth of its distribution network (which we believe is tied to the broad appeal of its brands) makes Pepsi a choice partner of smaller beverage and snack companies.",
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    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "The breadth of its distribution network (which we believe is tied to the broad appeal of its brands)",
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    "input": "The firm has been a leader in deploying the latest network technologies, which we think will insulate it from unexpected changes in the future.",
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    "pred_cause": "The firm has been a leader in deploying the latest network technologies",
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    "input": "However, Malibu hasn't rested only on innovation to grow profits, also curating savings through streamlined production and rising efficiencies (through vertical integration).",
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    "pred_cause": "streamlined production and rising efficiencies (through vertical integration)",
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    "gold_cause": "streamlined production and rising efficiencies",
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    "input": "However, due to COVID-19 and the increasing uncertainty around the economy and the potential downside, we are currently assigning the bank a high uncertainty rating.",
    "output": "[Cause] COVID-19 and the increasing uncertainty around the economy and the potential downside [Relation] cause [Effect] currently assigning the bank a high uncertainty rating",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "COVID-19 and the increasing uncertainty around the economy and the potential downside",
    "pred_effect": "currently assigning the bank a high uncertainty rating",
    "gold_cause": "COVID-19 and the increasing uncertainty around the economy and the potential downside",
    "gold_effect": "assigning the bank a high uncertainty rating",
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    "input": "We expect EA to continue to benefit from the upcoming new generation of consoles, the ongoing revitalization of PC gaming, and the growth in mobile gaming space.",
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    "pred_cause": "the upcoming new generation of consoles, the ongoing revitalization of PC gaming, and the growth in mobile gaming space",
    "pred_effect": "EA to continue to benefit",
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    "gold_effect": "EA to continue to benefit",
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    "input": "We see Willis Tower Watson as a relatively stable business that benefits from minimal capital requirements and enduring relationships.",
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    "pred_effect": "Willis Tower Watson as a relatively stable business that benefits",
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    "gold_effect": "Willis Tower Watson as a relatively stable business",
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    "input": "Furthermore, the transition from on-premises communication services to cloud-based solutions is in the early stages and should provide best-in-class UCaaS providers like RingCentral a long runway for growth.",
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    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "the transition from on-premises communication services to cloud-based solutions is in the early stages",
    "pred_effect": "provide best-in-class UCaaS providers like RingCentral a long runway for growth",
    "gold_cause": "the transition from on-premises communication services to cloud-based solutions is in the early stages",
    "gold_effect": "should provide best-in-class UCaaS providers like RingCentral a long runway for growth",
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    "input": "But within the Permian, well performance does vary. As a result, some of APA's competitors in the region enjoy lower average unit costs and higher internal rates of return.",
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    "pred_cause": "well performance does vary",
    "pred_effect": "some of APA's competitors in the region enjoy lower average unit costs and higher internal rates of return",
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    "gold_effect": "some of APA's competitors in the region enjoy lower average unit costs and higher internal rates of return",
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    "input": "We think PTC's Internet of Things and AR solutions pose significant switching costs given the intense implementation required to reconnect devices and specifications when changing Internet of Things or AR vendors.",
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    "pred_cause": "intense implementation required to reconnect devices and specifications when changing Internet of Things or AR vendors",
    "pred_effect": "PTC's Internet of Things and AR solutions pose significant switching costs",
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    "gold_effect": "PTC's Internet of Things and AR solutions pose significant switching costs",
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    "input": "We believe it could leverage its component knowledge and unique understanding of businesses' IT demands to further solidify itself as a value-added distributor.",
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    "pred_cause": "component knowledge and unique understanding of businesses' IT demands",
    "pred_effect": "further solidify itself as a value-added distributor",
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    "input": "We generally view CBD as a less attractive opportunity given the massive amount of competition and low barriers to entry.",
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    "pred_effect": "view CBD as a less attractive opportunity",
    "gold_cause": "the massive amount of competition and low barriers to entry",
    "gold_effect": "We generally view CBD as a less attractive opportunity",
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  {
    "input": "Looking beyond our five-year explicit forecast period, we think genomics could allow Neogen to finally exceed its long-stated 20% operating margin target.",
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    "pred_cause": "genomics",
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    "gold_cause": "genomics",
    "gold_effect": "Neogen to finally exceed its long-stated 20% operating margin target",
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  {
    "input": "Overall, we forecast a five-year revenue CAGR of 23%, considerably lower than the historical norm, reflecting both Dexcom's significantly larger revenue base and lineup of new products, which we expect will be partially offset by more intense competition from Abbott and Medtronic over the longer term.",
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    "pred_cause": "Dexcom's significantly larger revenue base and lineup of new products",
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    "input": "Furthermore, its digital applications help customers interact with dealers, manage their fleet, and track machine performance to determine when maintenance is needed.",
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    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "its digital applications",
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    "gold_cause": "its digital applications help customers interact with dealers, manage their fleet, and track machine performance",
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    "input": "Nevertheless, we think CBRE is poised to experience long-term growth as it benefits from a healthy real estate services industry and takes share from smaller, more fragmented competitors.",
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    "pred_cause": "benefits from a healthy real estate services industry",
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    "gold_cause": "as it benefits from a healthy real estate services industry and takes share from smaller, more fragmented competitors",
    "gold_effect": "Nevertheless, we think CBRE is poised to experience long-term growth",
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    "input": "While approximately 39% of Splunk's revenue currently comes from cloud services, we expect this number to grow in later years as Splunk completes its pivot into becoming a cloud-first company; we expect cloud services to constitute 91% of total revenue by the end of our explicit forecast period.",
    "output": "[Cause] Splunk completes its pivot into becoming a cloud-first company [Relation] enable [Effect] we expect cloud services to constitute 91% of total revenue by the end of our explicit forecast period",
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    "pred_cause": "Splunk completes its pivot into becoming a cloud-first company",
    "pred_effect": "we expect cloud services to constitute 91% of total revenue by the end of our explicit forecast period",
    "gold_cause": "Splunk completes its pivot into becoming a cloud-first company",
    "gold_effect": "services to constitute 91% of total revenue by the end of our explicit forecast period",
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    "input": "With an expanding operating margin ahead thanks to further supply chain and merchandising amendments underway, we view Lowe's 13% operating margin forecast as achievable; additionally, we forecast a 38% ROIC in our terminal year.",
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    "pred_effect": "expanding operating margin ahead",
    "gold_cause": "further supply chain and merchandising amendments underway",
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  {
    "input": "Because of the size of NYSE's market share, this data is necessary for traders to have a complete view of the market, giving ICE pricing power.",
    "output": "[Cause] the size of NYSE's market share [Relation] enable [Effect] data is necessary for traders to have a complete view of the market, giving ICE pricing power",
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    "pred_cause": "the size of NYSE's market share",
    "pred_effect": "data is necessary for traders to have a complete view of the market, giving ICE pricing power",
    "gold_cause": "the size of NYSE's market share",
    "gold_effect": "data is necessary for traders to have a complete view of the market",
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    "input": "Additionally, the success of the financial services segment depends on access to capital, which can be limited during times of financial distress.",
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    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "access to capital can be limited during times of financial distress",
    "pred_effect": "the success of the financial services segment depends on access to capital",
    "gold_cause": "access to capital",
    "gold_effect": "the success of the financial services segment",
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    "input": "Additionally, the success of the financial services segment depends on access to capital, which can be limited during times of financial distress.",
    "output": "[Cause] limited access to capital during times of financial distress [Relation] enable [Effect] the success of the financial services segment depends on access to capital",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "limited access to capital during times of financial distress",
    "pred_effect": "the success of the financial services segment depends on access to capital",
    "gold_cause": "times of financial distress",
    "gold_effect": "access to capital",
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  {
    "input": "A prolonged decline in copper prices could result in elevated unemployment, a depreciation of the peso as the balance of payments deteriorated, and more difficulty meeting foreign denominated debt obligations and expenses.",
    "output": "[Cause] A prolonged decline in copper prices [Relation] cause [Effect] elevated unemployment, a depreciation of the peso as the balance of payments deteriorated, more difficulty meeting foreign denominated debt obligations and expenses",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "A prolonged decline in copper prices",
    "pred_effect": "elevated unemployment, a depreciation of the peso as the balance of payments deteriorated, more difficulty meeting foreign denominated debt obligations and expenses",
    "gold_cause": "A prolonged decline in copper prices",
    "gold_effect": "elevated unemployment",
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    "input": "The downturn in oil and gas activity beginning in late 2014 has continued to depress financial results for most oilfield-services companies, and Core Lab hasn't fully escaped the effects.",
    "output": "[Cause] The downturn in oil and gas activity beginning in late 2014 [Relation] cause [Effect] depress financial results for most oilfield-services companies",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "The downturn in oil and gas activity beginning in late 2014",
    "pred_effect": "depress financial results for most oilfield-services companies",
    "gold_cause": "The downturn in oil and gas activity beginning in late 2014",
    "gold_effect": "financial results for most oilfield-services companies",
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    "input": "However, disruptions to the aerospace supply chain, like the 737 MAX grounding or travel restrictions from the COVID-19 outbreak, can have a material impact on the company's earning potential.",
    "output": "[Cause] disruptions to the aerospace supply chain, like the 737 MAX grounding or travel restrictions from the COVID-19 outbreak [Relation] cause [Effect] material impact on the company's earning potential",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "disruptions to the aerospace supply chain, like the 737 MAX grounding or travel restrictions from the COVID-19 outbreak",
    "pred_effect": "material impact on the company's earning potential",
    "gold_cause": "disruptions to the aerospace supply chain, like the 737 MAX grounding or travel restrictions from the COVID-19 outbreak",
    "gold_effect": "the company's earning potential",
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  {
    "input": "We think the fact that Heico's products must be able to withstand harsh environments, such as space and high heat, adds to product complexity, but we do not think this is an insurmountable barrier.",
    "output": "[Cause] Heico's products must be able to withstand harsh environments, such as space and high heat [Relation] cause [Effect] adds to product complexity",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "Heico's products must be able to withstand harsh environments, such as space and high heat",
    "pred_effect": "adds to product complexity",
    "gold_cause": "Heico's products must be able to withstand harsh environments, such as space and high heat",
    "gold_effect": "product complexity",
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  {
    "input": "Unlike many of its peers, MetLife does not have a meaningful third-party asset management business as historically MetLife has decided to focus on its core life insurance operations.",
    "output": "[Cause] MetLife has decided to focus on its core life insurance operations [Relation] cause [Effect] MetLife does not have a meaningful third-party asset management business",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "MetLife has decided to focus on its core life insurance operations",
    "pred_effect": "MetLife does not have a meaningful third-party asset management business",
    "gold_cause": "historically MetLife has decided to focus on its core life insurance operations",
    "gold_effect": "MetLife does not have a meaningful third-party asset management business",
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    "input": "We also expect improved pricing will allow margins in Mexico to hold steady at 2020 levels over the next five years.",
    "output": "[Cause] improved pricing [Relation] enable [Effect] margins in Mexico to hold steady at 2020 levels over the next five years",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "improved pricing",
    "pred_effect": "margins in Mexico to hold steady at 2020 levels over the next five years",
    "gold_cause": "improved pricing",
    "gold_effect": "allow margins in Mexico to hold steady at 2020 levels over the next five years",
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  {
    "input": "On the bottom line, over the next two years we expect improving margins, largely driven by the higher contribution to total sales by specialty drugs, which carry very high margins.",
    "output": "[Cause] higher contribution to total sales by specialty drugs [Relation] enable [Effect] improving margins",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "higher contribution to total sales by specialty drugs",
    "pred_effect": "improving margins",
    "gold_cause": "the higher contribution to total sales by specialty drugs, which carry very high margins",
    "gold_effect": "On the bottom line, over the next two years we expect improving margins",
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  {
    "input": "We expect roughly flat long-term revenue, but premiumization should lift gross profit per gallon by a low-single-digit annual percentage, exceeding $4.60 by fiscal 2030.",
    "output": "[Cause] premiumization [Relation] enable [Effect] lift gross profit per gallon by a low-single-digit annual percentage",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "premiumization",
    "pred_effect": "lift gross profit per gallon by a low-single-digit annual percentage",
    "gold_cause": "premiumization",
    "gold_effect": "lift gross profit per gallon by a low-single-digit annual percentage, exceeding $4.60 by fiscal 2030",
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    "input": "Vistra's clean postbankruptcy balance sheet allowed it to acquire Dynegy in 2018 for $2.27 billion, more than tripling the size of its generation fleet and introducing Vistra to power markets outside Texas, notably the Midwest and Northeast.",
    "output": "[Cause] Vistra's clean postbankruptcy balance sheet [Relation] enable [Effect] allowed it to acquire Dynegy in 2018 for $2.27 billion, more than tripling the size of its generation fleet and introducing Vistra to power markets outside Texas, notably the Midwest and Northeast",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "Vistra's clean postbankruptcy balance sheet",
    "pred_effect": "allowed it to acquire Dynegy in 2018 for $2.27 billion, more than tripling the size of its generation fleet and introducing Vistra to power markets outside Texas, notably the Midwest and Northeast",
    "gold_cause": "Vistra's clean postbankruptcy balance sheet",
    "gold_effect": "introducing Vistra to power markets outside Texas, notably the Midwest and Northeast",
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    "input": "Activision's size and the depth of its franchise slate allow the firm to place larger bets on new IP than many smaller midsize competitors. This ability to make larger investments marks the publisher as one of a few destinations for studios looking to develop new large-budget AAA games.",
    "output": "[Cause] Activision's size and the depth of its franchise slate [Relation] enable | cause [Effect] the firm to place larger bets on new IP than many smaller midsize competitors | marks the publisher as one of a few destinations for studios looking to develop new large-budget AAA games",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "Activision's size and the depth of its franchise slate",
    "pred_effect": "marks the publisher as one of a few destinations for studios looking to develop new large-budget AAA games",
    "gold_cause": "Activision's size and the depth of its franchise slate allow the firm to place larger bets on new IP than many smaller midsize competitors",
    "gold_effect": "make larger investments marks the publisher as one of a few destinations for studios looking to develop new large-budget AAA games",
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    "input": "It will take quite some time for Frank's to return to our projected long-term ROIC of in the low-20s, as the deepwater capital expenditure recovery is still in the early days.",
    "output": "[Cause] the deepwater capital expenditure recovery is still in the early days [Relation] cause [Effect] It will take quite some time for Frank's to return to our projected long-term ROIC of in the low-20s",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "the deepwater capital expenditure recovery is still in the early days",
    "pred_effect": "It will take quite some time for Frank's to return to our projected long-term ROIC of in the low-20s",
    "gold_cause": "the deepwater capital expenditure recovery is still in the early days",
    "gold_effect": "take quite some time for Frank's to return to our projected long-term ROIC of in the low-20s",
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  {
    "input": "For Monolithic Power, its ability to integrate multiple technologies into a single chip allows it to bring innovative new products to market, like its marquee QSMod controller.",
    "output": "[Cause] ability to integrate multiple technologies into a single chip [Relation] enable [Effect] Monolithic Power can bring innovative new products to market, like its marquee QSMod controller.",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "ability to integrate multiple technologies into a single chip",
    "pred_effect": "Monolithic Power can bring innovative new products to market, like its marquee QSMod controller.",
    "gold_cause": "its ability to integrate multiple technologies into a single chip",
    "gold_effect": "bring innovative new products to market, like its marquee QSMod controller",
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  {
    "input": "We do not forecast its gross margins will return to peak levels of about 50% until the latter part of this decade as we think its competitive position has weakened.",
    "output": "[Cause] its competitive position has weakened [Relation] cause [Effect] We do not forecast its gross margins will return to peak levels of about 50% until the latter part of this decade",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "its competitive position has weakened",
    "pred_effect": "We do not forecast its gross margins will return to peak levels of about 50% until the latter part of this decade",
    "gold_cause": "we think its competitive position has weakened",
    "gold_effect": "We do not forecast its gross margins will return to peak levels of about 50% until the latter part of this decade",
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    "cosine": 1.4926158785820007,
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  {
    "input": "While Brineura (approved in 2017 for CLN2 disease) in 2017 is a smaller opportunity, we expect sales to gradually ramp north of $300 million as treatment expands the prevalent population for this severe neurodegenerative disease.",
    "output": "[Cause] treatment expands the prevalent population for this severe neurodegenerative disease [Relation] enable [Effect] we expect sales to gradually ramp north of $300 million",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "treatment expands the prevalent population for this severe neurodegenerative disease",
    "pred_effect": "we expect sales to gradually ramp north of $300 million",
    "gold_cause": "treatment expands the prevalent population for this severe neurodegenerative disease",
    "gold_effect": "sales to gradually ramp north of $300 million",
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  {
    "input": "We believe that Check Point can increase its gross margins toward 90% in the 2020s as we project high margin subscription-based revenue to grow at a faster clip than other offerings.",
    "output": "[Cause] high margin subscription-based revenue to grow at a faster clip than other offerings [Relation] enable [Effect] Check Point can increase its gross margins toward 90% in the 2020s",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "high margin subscription-based revenue to grow at a faster clip than other offerings",
    "pred_effect": "Check Point can increase its gross margins toward 90% in the 2020s",
    "gold_cause": "we project high margin subscription-based revenue to grow at a faster clip than other offerings",
    "gold_effect": "Check Point can increase its gross margins toward 90% in the 2020s",
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    "cause_excess_count": 2,
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    "cosine": 1.4624351263046265,
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  {
    "input": "Accelerated by the pandemic, the critical supplier status has been extended to the firm by a much wider audience, including governments.",
    "output": "[Cause] accelerated by the pandemic [Relation] cause [Effect] the critical supplier status has been extended to the firm by a much wider audience, including governments",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "accelerated by the pandemic",
    "pred_effect": "the critical supplier status has been extended to the firm by a much wider audience, including governments",
    "gold_cause": "the pandemic",
    "gold_effect": "the critical supplier status has been extended to the firm by a much wider audience, including governments",
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  {
    "input": "Merck KGaA has made a series of acquisitions and divestitures in the past decade or so to position the group for solid long-term growth in three key segments: life sciences, performance materials, and healthcare.",
    "output": "[Cause] Merck KGaA has made a series of acquisitions and divestitures in the past decade or so [Relation] enable [Effect] position the group for solid long-term growth in three key segments: life sciences, performance materials, and healthcare",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "Merck KGaA has made a series of acquisitions and divestitures in the past decade or so",
    "pred_effect": "position the group for solid long-term growth in three key segments: life sciences, performance materials, and healthcare",
    "gold_cause": "Merck KGaA has made a series of acquisitions and divestitures in the past decade",
    "gold_effect": "position the group for solid long-term growth in three key segments: life sciences, performance materials, and healthcare",
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  {
    "input": "Instead, we're seeing favorable trends where firms are consolidating their IT services work to reduce potential breaches by limiting possible points of entry for malicious actors. This trend bodes well for more prominent players such as CGI that would benefit at the expense of smaller, more niche players in the IT services industry.",
    "output": "[Cause] firms are consolidating their IT services work to reduce potential breaches by limiting possible points of entry for malicious actors [Relation] enable [Effect] trend bodes well for more prominent players such as CGI",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "firms are consolidating their IT services work to reduce potential breaches by limiting possible points of entry for malicious actors",
    "pred_effect": "trend bodes well for more prominent players such as CGI",
    "gold_cause": "we're seeing favorable trends where firms are consolidating their IT services work to reduce potential breaches by limiting possible points of entry for malicious actors",
    "gold_effect": "This trend bodes well for more prominent players such as CGI that would benefit at the expense of smaller, more niche players in the IT services industry",
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    "input": "We forecast Canadian medical volume to decline about 2% per year on average as consumers shift to the recreational market.",
    "output": "[Cause] consumers shift to the recreational market [Relation] cause [Effect] Canadian medical volume to decline about 2% per year on average",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "consumers shift to the recreational market",
    "pred_effect": "Canadian medical volume to decline about 2% per year on average",
    "gold_cause": "consumers shift to the recreational market",
    "gold_effect": "forecast Canadian medical volume to decline about 2% per year on average",
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  {
    "input": "Ralph Lauren's strong gross margins have been aided by a significant restructuring over the past five years that has included cost-cutting, a greater than 30% reduction in stock-keeping units, store closures, and limitations on wholesale distribution.",
    "output": "[Cause] significant restructuring over the past five years that has included cost-cutting, a greater than 30% reduction in stock-keeping units, store closures, and limitations on wholesale distribution [Relation] enable [Effect] Ralph Lauren's strong gross margins",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "significant restructuring over the past five years that has included cost-cutting, a greater than 30% reduction in stock-keeping units, store closures, and limitations on wholesale distribution",
    "pred_effect": "Ralph Lauren's strong gross margins",
    "gold_cause": "a significant restructuring over the past five years that has included cost-cutting, a greater than 30% reduction in stock-keeping units, store closures, and limitations on wholesale distribution",
    "gold_effect": "Ralph Lauren's strong gross margins",
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  {
    "input": "The company's fixed costs create unfavorable operating leverage that can cause profits to swing widely in response to relatively small changes in demand, such as the currently harsh operating environment brought on by the coronavirus pandemic.",
    "output": "[Cause] The company's fixed costs [Relation] create [Effect] profits to swing widely in response to relatively small changes in demand",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "The company's fixed costs",
    "pred_effect": "profits to swing widely in response to relatively small changes in demand",
    "gold_cause": "The company's fixed costs create unfavorable operating leverage",
    "gold_effect": "profits to swing widely in response to relatively small changes in demand",
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  {
    "input": "Revenue from higher-speed offerings has been growing, and as those packages make up a bigger portion of the base, we think consumer broadband revenue can modestly increase.",
    "output": "[Cause] Revenue from higher-speed offerings has been growing [Relation] enable [Effect] consumer broadband revenue can modestly increase",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "Revenue from higher-speed offerings has been growing",
    "pred_effect": "consumer broadband revenue can modestly increase",
    "gold_cause": "Revenue from higher-speed offerings has been growing",
    "gold_effect": "onsumer broadband revenue can",
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  {
    "input": "Narrower discounts for inland crude have reduced opportunities on the East and West Coast to rail and barge discount light crude to its refineries to back out more expensive foreign imports.",
    "output": "[Cause] Narrower discounts for inland crude [Relation] cause [Effect] reduced opportunities on the East and West Coast to rail and barge discount light crude to its refineries to back out more expensive foreign imports",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "Narrower discounts for inland crude",
    "pred_effect": "reduced opportunities on the East and West Coast to rail and barge discount light crude to its refineries to back out more expensive foreign imports",
    "gold_cause": "Narrower discounts for inland crude have reduced opportunities on the East and West Coast to rail and barge discount light crude",
    "gold_effect": "its refineries to back out more expensive foreign imports",
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  {
    "input": "This tailwind intensified in 2019 in primary lines, and commentary from carriers suggest that pricing momentum has accelerated in 2020. This should boost Aon's growth a bit in the near term and could help offset any negative impacts the coronavirus has on the discretionary areas of the business.",
    "output": "[Cause] pricing momentum has accelerated in 2020 [Relation] enable [Effect] boost Aon's growth a bit in the near term",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "pricing momentum has accelerated in 2020",
    "pred_effect": "boost Aon's growth a bit in the near term",
    "gold_cause": "This tailwind intensified in 2019 in primary lines, and commentary from carriers suggest that pricing momentum has accelerated in 2020",
    "gold_effect": "boost Aon's growth a bit in the near term and could help offset any negative impacts the coronavirus has on the discretionary areas of the business",
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    "input": "In addition, Omnicom's reputation and brand allow it to compete mainly with the other Big Five for the larger accounts.",
    "output": "[Cause] Omnicom's reputation and brand [Relation] enable [Effect] allow it to compete mainly with the other Big Five for the larger accounts",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "Omnicom's reputation and brand",
    "pred_effect": "allow it to compete mainly with the other Big Five for the larger accounts",
    "gold_cause": "Omnicom's reputation and brand",
    "gold_effect": "it to compete mainly with the other Big Five for the larger accounts",
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  {
    "input": "The prices and supply of the agricultural products Bunge buys and sells are volatile and depend on factors outside the company's control, such as weather, planting, disease, and government programs.",
    "output": "[Cause] factors outside the company's control, such as weather, planting, disease, and government programs [Relation] cause [Effect] prices and supply of the agricultural products Bunge buys and sells are volatile",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "factors outside the company's control, such as weather, planting, disease, and government programs",
    "pred_effect": "prices and supply of the agricultural products Bunge buys and sells are volatile",
    "gold_cause": "depend on factors outside the company's control, such as weather, planting, disease, and government programs",
    "gold_effect": "The prices and supply of the agricultural products Bunge buys and sells are volatile",
    "cause_substr": true,
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  {
    "input": "Thanks to external (COVID-19-related demand, smartphone ubiquity, wealth creation, underdevelopment payment industry infrastructure) and company-specific factors (product mix diversification, on- and off-platform payment technologies and shipping solutions), we believe MercadoLibre can capitalize on accelerating digital commerce trends in Latin America, despite lingering macro constraints volatility.",
    "output": "[Cause] external factors (COVID-19-related demand, smartphone ubiquity, wealth creation, underdeveloped payment industry infrastructure) and company-specific factors (product mix diversification, on- and off-platform payment technologies and shipping solutions) [Relation] enable [Effect] MercadoLibre can capitalize on accelerating digital commerce trends in Latin America",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "external factors (COVID-19-related demand, smartphone ubiquity, wealth creation, underdeveloped payment industry infrastructure) and company-specific factors (product mix diversification, on- and off-platform payment technologies and shipping solutions)",
    "pred_effect": "MercadoLibre can capitalize on accelerating digital commerce trends in Latin America",
    "gold_cause": "company-specific factors (product mix diversification, on- and off-platform payment technologies and shipping solutions)",
    "gold_effect": "MercadoLibre can capitalize on accelerating digital commerce trends in Latin America",
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  {
    "input": "If they switch to another local operator, they will need to discontinue the operation of the games temporarily while the servers are being replaced, which will affect players' experiences.",
    "output": "[Cause] they switch to another local operator [Relation] prevent [Effect] need to discontinue the operation of the games temporarily while the servers are being replaced",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "they switch to another local operator",
    "pred_effect": "need to discontinue the operation of the games temporarily while the servers are being replaced",
    "gold_cause": "switch to another local operator",
    "gold_effect": "discontinue the operation of the games temporarily while the servers are being replaced",
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  {
    "input": "However, given Autodesk's strength in building and construction versus SolidWorks' specialty in product design, we think it's fair to assume that SolidWorks dominates design in product engineering over Autodesk.",
    "output": "[Cause] Autodesk's strength in building and construction [Relation] cause [Effect] SolidWorks dominates design in product engineering over Autodesk",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "Autodesk's strength in building and construction",
    "pred_effect": "SolidWorks dominates design in product engineering over Autodesk",
    "gold_cause": "Autodesk's strength in building and construction versus SolidWorks' specialty in product design",
    "gold_effect": "fair to assume that SolidWorks dominates design in product engineering over Autodesk",
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    "input": "This is followed by a steep 13% decline in revenue growth in 2022 as the availability of COVID-19 vaccines diminishes demand for the diagnostic tests.",
    "output": "[Cause] availability of COVID-19 vaccines diminishes demand for the diagnostic tests [Relation] cause [Effect] steep 13% decline in revenue growth in 2022",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "availability of COVID-19 vaccines diminishes demand for the diagnostic tests",
    "pred_effect": "steep 13% decline in revenue growth in 2022",
    "gold_cause": "the availability of COVID-19 vaccines diminishes demand for the diagnostic tests",
    "gold_effect": "This is followed by a steep 13% decline in revenue growth in 2022",
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    "input": "The partnership agreements that Synchrony signs in these segments are often not exclusive, which means that a retailer could be offering multiple financing options alongside Synchrony's credit cards. As a result, Synchrony competes with all forms of consumer financing in these segments, and its partners are mostly interested in Synchrony's ability to issue additional loans with large promotional discounts to facilitate their sales.",
    "output": "[Cause] The partnership agreements that Synchrony signs in these segments are often not exclusive [Relation] cause [Effect] Synchrony competes with all forms of consumer financing in these segments",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "The partnership agreements that Synchrony signs in these segments are often not exclusive",
    "pred_effect": "Synchrony competes with all forms of consumer financing in these segments",
    "gold_cause": "The partnership agreements that Synchrony signs in these segments are often not exclusive, which means that a retailer could be offering multiple financing options alongside Synchrony's credit cards",
    "gold_effect": "Synchrony competes with all forms of consumer financing in these segments, and its partners are mostly interested in Synchrony's ability to issue additional loans with large promotional discounts to facilitate their sales",
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    "input": "In 2013, Kinross canceled the project and wrote off all of its carrying value because it was unable to reach an agreement with the Ecuadoran government on economic and legal terms.",
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    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "unable to reach an agreement with the Ecuadoran government on economic and legal terms",
    "pred_effect": "Kinross canceled the project and wrote off all of its carrying value",
    "gold_cause": "it was unable to reach an agreement with the Ecuadoran government on economic and legal terms",
    "gold_effect": "Kinross canceled the project and wrote off all of its carrying value",
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    "input": "Additionally, the rejection of merger proposals in 1998 between Royal Bank of Canada and BMO, and between Toronto Dominion and Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce, created a precedent where no further consolidation between the main Canadian banks will be accepted by the regulators.",
    "output": "[Cause] rejection of merger proposals in 1998 between Royal Bank of Canada and BMO, and between Toronto Dominion and Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce [Relation] cause [Effect] created a precedent where no further consolidation between the main Canadian banks will be accepted by the regulators",
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    "pred_cause": "rejection of merger proposals in 1998 between Royal Bank of Canada and BMO, and between Toronto Dominion and Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce",
    "pred_effect": "created a precedent where no further consolidation between the main Canadian banks will be accepted by the regulators",
    "gold_cause": "the rejection of merger proposals in 1998 between Royal Bank of Canada and BMO, and between Toronto Dominion and Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce",
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  {
    "input": "Additionally, Kayak and Trivago metasearch competition could intensify, driven by the deep marketing pockets of Booking (owns Kayak) and Expedia (owns Trivago).",
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    "pred_cause": "deep marketing pockets of Booking (owns Kayak) and Expedia (owns Trivago)",
    "pred_effect": "metasearch competition could intensify",
    "gold_cause": "the deep marketing pockets of Booking (owns Kayak) and Expedia (owns Trivago)",
    "gold_effect": "Kayak and Trivago metasearch competition could intensify",
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    "input": "We're also modeling 140 basis points of net operating margin (EBIT/net revenue) gains, to about 29.3% on leverage from net revenue growth, rising transaction automation, and incremental cost savings efforts despite an uptick in travel and entertainment outlays as the economy reopens.",
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    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "net revenue growth, rising transaction automation, and incremental cost savings efforts despite an uptick in travel and entertainment outlays as the economy reopens",
    "pred_effect": "140 basis points of net operating margin (EBIT/net revenue) gains, to about 29.3%",
    "gold_cause": "net revenue growth, rising transaction automation, and incremental cost savings efforts",
    "gold_effect": "140 basis points of net operating margin (EBIT/net revenue) gains, to about 29.3% on leverage",
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    "input": "With no imminent debt maturities and ample liquidity, we expect Burlington to successfully negotiate uneven near-term inventory flows and localized store traffic restrictions.",
    "output": "[Cause] no imminent debt maturities and ample liquidity [Relation] enable [Effect] expect Burlington to successfully negotiate uneven near-term inventory flows and localized store traffic restrictions",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "no imminent debt maturities and ample liquidity",
    "pred_effect": "expect Burlington to successfully negotiate uneven near-term inventory flows and localized store traffic restrictions",
    "gold_cause": "With no imminent debt maturities and ample liquidity",
    "gold_effect": "Burlington to successfully negotiate uneven near-term inventory flows and localized store traffic restrictions",
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    "input": "Boosted by government stimulus, pent-up demand, and low markdown rates, the firm achieved 58% year-over-year sales growth and a 7.9% operating margin in fiscal 2022's first quarter.",
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    "pred_effect": "the firm achieved 58% year-over-year sales growth and a 7.9% operating margin in fiscal 2022's first quarter",
    "gold_cause": "government stimulus, pent-up demand, and low markdown rates",
    "gold_effect": "the firm achieved 58% year-over-year sales growth and a 7.9% operating margin in fiscal 2022's first quarter",
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    "input": "Electric vehicle demand could undershoot expectations if fuel cell technology were to overtake lithium as the dominant power source for next-generation vehicles.",
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    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "fuel cell technology were to overtake lithium as the dominant power source for next-generation vehicles",
    "pred_effect": "electric vehicle demand could undershoot expectations",
    "gold_cause": "fuel cell technology were to overtake lithium as the dominant power source for next-generation vehicles",
    "gold_effect": "Electric vehicle demand could undershoot expectations",
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    "input": "A recovery more mild than we have anticipated would provide a near-term softness in Hardie's sales growth relative to expectations, and thus a challenge to valuation.",
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    "pred_cause": "A recovery more mild than we have anticipated",
    "pred_effect": "near-term softness in Hardie's sales growth relative to expectations",
    "gold_cause": "A recovery more mild than we have anticipated",
    "gold_effect": "a near-term softness in Hardie's sales growth relative to expectations",
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    "input": "The central government's sustained crackdown on graft is also hurting gambling demand in Macao as VIPs maintain a low profile.",
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    "pred_cause": "the central government's sustained crackdown on graft",
    "pred_effect": "hurting gambling demand in Macao",
    "gold_cause": "The central government's sustained crackdown on graft",
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  {
    "input": "Multinationals typically have substantial bargaining power--especially with numerous global network alternatives--and resources to employ sophisticated personnel, allowing them to play a part in managing their own networks and leading to lower-margin revenue.",
    "output": "[Cause] Multinationals typically have substantial bargaining power--especially with numerous global network alternatives--and resources to employ sophisticated personnel [Relation] cause [Effect] leading to lower-margin revenue",
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    "pred_cause": "Multinationals typically have substantial bargaining power--especially with numerous global network alternatives--and resources to employ sophisticated personnel",
    "pred_effect": "leading to lower-margin revenue",
    "gold_cause": "numerous global network alternatives--and resources to employ sophisticated personnel",
    "gold_effect": "managing their own networks and leading to lower-margin revenue",
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    "input": "We also see a favorable demand backdrop for the commercial HVAC business, which we think can support at least mid-single-digit growth over the next few years.",
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    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "a favorable demand backdrop for the commercial HVAC business",
    "pred_effect": "at least mid-single-digit growth over the next few years",
    "gold_cause": "a favorable demand backdrop for the commercial HVAC business",
    "gold_effect": "support at least mid-single-digit growth over the next few years",
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  {
    "input": "The growth of streaming platforms like Spotify benefits the major labels like Warner Music for both its recorded music and publishing segments.",
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    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "The growth of streaming platforms like Spotify",
    "pred_effect": "benefits the major labels like Warner Music for both its recorded music and publishing segments",
    "gold_cause": "The growth of streaming platforms",
    "gold_effect": "the major labels like Warner Music for both its recorded music and publishing segments",
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  {
    "input": "Anything that is not consistent with the zeitgeist can give rise to the possibility that a company's business model will be disrupted.",
    "output": "[Cause] anything that is not consistent with the zeitgeist [Relation] cause [Effect] the possibility that a company's business model will be disrupted",
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    "pred_cause": "anything that is not consistent with the zeitgeist",
    "pred_effect": "the possibility that a company's business model will be disrupted",
    "gold_cause": "Anything that is not consistent with the zeitgeist",
    "gold_effect": "give rise to the possibility that a company's business model will be disrupted",
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    "input": "Further, with around 40% of sales generated outside the U.S., Kellogg is exposed to foreign exchange fluctuations from time to time, which may eat into sales and profits.",
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    "pred_cause": "exposed to foreign exchange fluctuations from time to time",
    "pred_effect": "may eat into sales and profits",
    "gold_cause": "Kellogg is exposed to foreign exchange fluctuations from time to time",
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  {
    "input": "However, Tapestry's third quarter of fiscal 2021 was better than expected as e-commerce and strong sales in mainland China (up more than 40% as compared with two years earlier) partially offset store disruptions.",
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    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "e-commerce and strong sales in mainland China (up more than 40% as compared with two years earlier)",
    "pred_effect": "Tapestry's third quarter of fiscal 2021 was better than expected",
    "gold_cause": "e-commerce and strong sales in mainland China (up more than 40% as compared with two years earlier) partially offset store disruptions",
    "gold_effect": "Tapestry's third quarter of fiscal 2021 was better than expected",
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    "cosine": 1.4628766775131226,
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  {
    "input": "Years of government efforts have done little to stem illegal cannabis, but a change to the ease of accessing black market supplies could have a significant impact on the pricing power, and thus the profitability of legal cannabis companies.",
    "output": "[Cause] a change to the ease of accessing black market supplies [Relation] cause [Effect] have a significant impact on the pricing power and thus the profitability of legal cannabis companies",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "a change to the ease of accessing black market supplies",
    "pred_effect": "have a significant impact on the pricing power and thus the profitability of legal cannabis companies",
    "gold_cause": "a change to the ease of accessing black market supplies",
    "gold_effect": "have a significant impact on the pricing power",
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  {
    "input": "Years of government efforts have done little to stem illegal cannabis, but a change to the ease of accessing black market supplies could have a significant impact on the pricing power, and thus the profitability of legal cannabis companies.",
    "output": "[Cause] a change to the ease of accessing black market supplies [Relation] cause [Effect] could have a significant impact on the pricing power, and thus the profitability of legal cannabis companies",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "a change to the ease of accessing black market supplies",
    "pred_effect": "could have a significant impact on the pricing power, and thus the profitability of legal cannabis companies",
    "gold_cause": "a change to the ease of accessing black market supplies",
    "gold_effect": "the profitability of legal cannabis companies",
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  {
    "input": "We look for gross margin expansion, as net revenue is likely to grow faster than portions of Lyft's cost of revenue, including hosting and payment processing costs.",
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    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "net revenue is likely to grow faster than portions of Lyft's cost of revenue, including hosting and payment processing costs",
    "pred_effect": "look for gross margin expansion",
    "gold_cause": "net revenue is likely to grow faster than portions of Lyft's cost of revenue",
    "gold_effect": "We look for gross margin expansion",
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    "input": "Nucor enjoys a low-cost position on the steelmaking cost curve because of its favorable iron unit costs for the production of sheet, plate, and special bar quality steel.",
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    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "favorable iron unit costs for the production of sheet, plate, and special bar quality steel",
    "pred_effect": "Nucor enjoys a low-cost position on the steelmaking cost curve",
    "gold_cause": "its favorable iron unit costs for the production of sheet, plate, and special bar quality steel",
    "gold_effect": "Nucor enjoys a low-cost position on the steelmaking cost curve",
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  {
    "input": "In addition, we expect coronavirus-related restaurant disruptions and changes in consumer behavior (including reduced morning commuters) will have a lasting impact on the industry, potentially changing how operators design and build locations in the future.",
    "output": "[Cause] coronavirus-related restaurant disruptions and changes in consumer behavior (including reduced morning commuters) [Relation] cause [Effect] lasting impact on the industry, potentially changing how operators design and build locations in the future",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "coronavirus-related restaurant disruptions and changes in consumer behavior (including reduced morning commuters)",
    "pred_effect": "lasting impact on the industry, potentially changing how operators design and build locations in the future",
    "gold_cause": "coronavirus-related restaurant disruptions and changes in consumer behavior",
    "gold_effect": "a lasting impact on the industry, potentially changing how operators design and build locations in the future",
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  {
    "input": "As technology solutions become a larger element of farming and a bigger fraction of equipment costs, switching costs are further enhanced.",
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    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "technology solutions become a larger element of farming and a bigger fraction of equipment costs",
    "pred_effect": "switching costs are further enhanced",
    "gold_cause": "echnology solutions become a larger element of farming and a bigger fraction of equipment costs",
    "gold_effect": "costs are further enhanced",
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  {
    "input": "In our view, this indicates a weaker network effect than our previous rating, which could keep adjusted operating margins peaking in the low- to mid-30s, consistent with historical levels.",
    "output": "[Cause] weaker network effect than our previous rating [Relation] cause [Effect] could keep adjusted operating margins peaking in the low- to mid-30s, consistent with historical levels",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "weaker network effect than our previous rating",
    "pred_effect": "could keep adjusted operating margins peaking in the low- to mid-30s, consistent with historical levels",
    "gold_cause": "a weaker network effect than our previous rating",
    "gold_effect": "keep adjusted operating margins peaking in the low- to mid-30s",
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  {
    "input": "Retailers will want to keep their stores in the top retail locations as the strong demographic trends produce high foot traffic and strong sales growth, but even these assets will slow in the future.",
    "output": "[Cause] strong demographic trends produce high foot traffic and strong sales growth [Relation] enable [Effect] Retailers will want to keep their stores in the top retail locations",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "strong demographic trends produce high foot traffic and strong sales growth",
    "pred_effect": "Retailers will want to keep their stores in the top retail locations",
    "gold_cause": "the strong demographic trends produce high foot traffic and strong sales growth, but even these assets will slow in the future",
    "gold_effect": "Retailers will want to keep their stores in the top retail locations",
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    "cause_excess_count": 11,
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  {
    "input": "This concern, combined with the fact that IFF's solutions account for a very small portion of their customers' unit costs of production (less than 2%), typically leads to sticky business relationships.",
    "output": "[Cause] IFF's solutions account for a very small portion of their customers' unit costs of production (less than 2%) [Relation] cause [Effect] typically leads to sticky business relationships",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "IFF's solutions account for a very small portion of their customers' unit costs of production (less than 2%)",
    "pred_effect": "typically leads to sticky business relationships",
    "gold_cause": "combined with the fact that IFF's solutions account for a very small portion of their customers' unit costs of production (less than 2%)",
    "gold_effect": "sticky business relationships",
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    "cause_excess_count": 5,
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  {
    "input": "Finally, in safety and productivity solutions, the biggest concern we have includes rapid changes in technology, which can obviate the impact of some of Honeywell's software investments and translate into diminished returns on capital projects relative to the firm's expectations.",
    "output": "[Cause] rapid changes in technology [Relation] cause [Effect] obviate the impact of some of Honeywell's software investments and translate into diminished returns on capital projects relative to the firm's expectations",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "rapid changes in technology",
    "pred_effect": "obviate the impact of some of Honeywell's software investments and translate into diminished returns on capital projects relative to the firm's expectations",
    "gold_cause": "the biggest concern we have includes rapid changes in technology",
    "gold_effect": "obviate the impact of some of Honeywell's software investments and translate into diminished returns on capital projects relative to the firm's expectations",
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  {
    "input": "With no imminent debt maturities and ample liquidity, we expect Burlington to successfully negotiate uneven near-term inventory flows and potential localized store shutdowns and traffic restrictions.",
    "output": "[Cause] no imminent debt maturities and ample liquidity [Relation] enable [Effect] expect Burlington to successfully negotiate uneven near-term inventory flows and potential localized store shutdowns and traffic restrictions",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "no imminent debt maturities and ample liquidity",
    "pred_effect": "expect Burlington to successfully negotiate uneven near-term inventory flows and potential localized store shutdowns and traffic restrictions",
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    "gold_effect": "Burlington to successfully negotiate uneven near-term inventory flows and potential localized store shutdowns and traffic restrictions",
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    "input": "We recently lowered our fair value estimate on the shares of Veoneer to $24 from $26 after rolling our model to the new fiscal year and incorporating the currently harsh macro-operating environment from COVID-19.",
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    "pred_cause": "incorporating the currently harsh macro-operating environment from COVID-19",
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    "input": "In other words, it is already pitching a variety of solutions to enterprises worth millions of dollars and therefore can easily pitch Accenture Interactive services.",
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    "input": "We expect the firm to achieve cost efficiencies through digitalization, lower marketing spending, and regulatory costs in Thailand (concession to license regime change), will lead to a steady EBITDA margin improvement and propel the margin above 43% by 2024.",
    "output": "[Cause] cost efficiencies through digitalization, lower marketing spending, and regulatory costs in Thailand (concession to license regime change) [Relation] cause [Effect] steady EBITDA margin improvement and propel the margin above 43% by 2024",
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    "pred_cause": "cost efficiencies through digitalization, lower marketing spending, and regulatory costs in Thailand (concession to license regime change)",
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    "input": "Over the long run, Discover Financial Services' unique role as a credit card lender focused on Middle America, and operating a proprietary payment network, puts the company in an interesting strategic position.",
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    "pred_cause": "Discover Financial Services' unique role as a credit card lender focused on Middle America, and operating a proprietary payment network",
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    "input": "Specifically, key peer ICU Medical has estimated that it would take about $300 million and three years to build a manufacturing facility that would allow a new entrant to gain enough scale to compete effectively in the IV solutions business.",
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    "input": "Less fragmented and well-integrated banking systems like the Canadian system have tended to be more stable over time, reducing risk.",
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    "input": "The large distributors continue to fare better than many in healthcare, as providers have been pressed to rely on their supply chain partners to navigate the operating challenges during the pandemic.",
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    "pred_cause": "providers have been pressed to rely on their supply chain partners to navigate the operating challenges during the pandemic",
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    "input": "While budgeting tools, pro-active alerts, or Siri shortcuts, may not be crucial for all customers, this investment will help prevent switching of customers based on the digital offering alone.",
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    "pred_cause": "investment in budgeting tools, pro-active alerts, or Siri shortcuts",
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    "input": "The coronavirus situationresulted in a sharp increase in credit cost in fiscal 2020 but this is expected to normalise in 2021.",
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    "pred_cause": "The coronavirus situation",
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    "gold_cause": "The coronavirus situation",
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    "input": "However, we believe Royal could generate average ROICs of 5% over the next decade, below our weighted average cost of capital, hindered by the secular fallout stemming from COVID-19.",
    "output": "[Cause] secular fallout stemming from COVID-19 [Relation] hindered by [Effect] Royal could generate average ROICs of 5% over the next decade, below our weighted average cost of capital",
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    "input": "Finally, we expect Caesars' to generate synergies from its merger with Eldorado above our prior expectation, with margins benefiting from a stronger demand recovery. As a result, we have lifted our 2021 EBITDA margin estimate to the mid-30s from 30% prior, while our long-term margins surpass 40% versus high 30s previously.",
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    "input": "Demand for the firm's barcode printers and relevant supplies and services should remain high as healthcare needs rise in the near term.",
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    "pred_cause": "healthcare needs rise in the near term",
    "pred_effect": "Demand for the firm's barcode printers and relevant supplies and services should remain high",
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    "input": "Traditional channel growth should be hard to come by, but we suspect Walmart's robust grocery offering will promote traffic, feeding its ability to leverage costs and investments in automation and infrastructure.",
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    "pred_cause": "Walmart's robust grocery offering",
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    "input": "Given that Ferguson's core customers are contractors that value its branch offerings, we see little threat from online retailers aiming to disrupt Ferguson's branch model.",
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    "input": "Being a Latin America pure play subjects the firm to geopolitical issues that can have a pernicious effect on its competitive positioning and execution.",
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    "input": "Similarly, engineers loathe to swap out an analog from an existing design (again, only to save a few pennies on cost) because of the onerous re-design and re-testing costs associated with the switch.",
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    "input": "However, these high affiliate fees when coupled with relatively low viewership of RSNs in comparison with more general entertainment channels have led some pay-TV distributors to question the price and the placement of RSNs.",
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    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "high affiliate fees when coupled with relatively low viewership of RSNs in comparison with more general entertainment channels",
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    "input": "Welltower's management is forward-thinking in terms of portfolio construction and relationship building, allowing it to invest in growing properties and partners and divest struggling properties and partners.",
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    "input": "Intel's manufacturing struggles have also led to major customers such as Apple, Amazon, and Microsoft developing their own ARM-based CPUs for PCs and servers, which is likely to curb overall growth for Intel's core CPU business as these chips are likely made at TSMC.",
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    "pred_cause": "Intel's manufacturing struggles",
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    "input": "In addition, a renewed focus on execution will result in a separate, dedicated salesforce for pet food and the rollout of a proprietary artificial intelligence tool in retail stores.",
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    "input": "We believe TCCC is keenly aware of this reality, and the support it provides for bottlers like Coca-Cola Femsa should allow the latter to maintain its operating profile in the midst of economic uncertainty and competitive intensity.",
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    "input": "The viral adoption tactic has allowed Dropbox to keep their sales and marketing spending much lower than peer software companies and has helped Dropbox generate 90% of its revenue through a self-service channel.",
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  {
    "input": "We assume average compound annual revenue growth of roughly 6% through 2025, fueled by nearly 7% growth in the consumer solutions segment, where we think Pentair can continue to capture incremental market share gains thanks to its continuous innovation.",
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    "pred_cause": "continuous innovation",
    "pred_effect": "Pentair can continue to capture incremental market share gains",
    "gold_cause": "its continuous innovation",
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    "input": "We believe Marvell will achieve a 11% top-line CAGR over the next five years as HDD declines and SSD controller growth offset each other to low-single-digit growth and the firm's networking segment grows in the low teens.",
    "output": "[Cause] HDD declines and SSD controller growth offset each other to low-single-digit growth and the firm's networking segment grows in the low teens [Relation] enable [Effect] Marvell will achieve a 11% top-line CAGR over the next five years",
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    "pred_cause": "HDD declines and SSD controller growth offset each other to low-single-digit growth and the firm's networking segment grows in the low teens",
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    "gold_effect": "Marvell will achieve a 11% top-line CAGR over the next five years",
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    "input": "In other words, Accenture is already pitching a variety of solutions to enterprises worth millions of dollars and therefore can easily pitch Accenture Interactive services.",
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    "pred_cause": "Accenture is already pitching a variety of solutions to enterprises worth millions of dollars",
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    "input": "CBRE has been pursuing growth in corporate outsourcing, which is more recurring and thus less cyclical but also entails lower operating margins than the company's core brokerage business.",
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    "pred_cause": "CBRE has been pursuing growth in corporate outsourcing",
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    "input": "Additionally, CVS took on substantial debt to merge with Aetna, which creates another set of financial risks on top of its operational risks.",
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    "pred_cause": "CVS took on substantial debt to merge with Aetna",
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    "input": "Since hotel lease terms are for a single night, occupancy and rates get reset each day and quickly reflect changes in the economy.",
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    "input": "It should be noted, however, that Carlsberg's footprint in China is limited to western provinces, and that on a value basis, Carlsberg's market shares are higher in these markets because of its skew to premium brands.",
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    "input": "Oil accounts for a smaller proportion of global energy production each year, and a structural shift toward cleaner energy may lead to long-term demand erosion, and thus value destruction for Patterson.",
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    "input": "Furthermore, we believe pricing gains will be bound by the lack of new cruisers over the near term, as those potential customers opt for more safely perceived land-based vacations given the recent media hype.",
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    "input": "Ecolab's installed base and consumables model, commonly known as the razor and blade model, is the most important driver of high switching costs.",
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    "input": "Additionally, we expect a small decrease in adjusted income from operations as a percentage of revenue (17.2%) as we expect incremental coronavirus-related expenses to continue to offset operating expense leverage.",
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    "pred_cause": "incremental coronavirus-related expenses continue to offset operating expense leverage",
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    "input": "In this segment, Redfin buys homes directly from consumers, allowing them to exchange the convenience of an expedited home sale for slightly less money than they would receive on the open market.",
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    "input": "Over the coming years, we expect margins to expand as Crown pivots increasingly toward Southeast Asia and increases its regional operating rates.",
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    "input": "The deal must still be approved by regulators, but once the deal closes, Thomson Reuters will own approximately 15% of the London Stock Exchange, enabling the company to be increasingly focused on enterprise software and legal data.",
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    "pred_cause": "once the deal closes, Thomson Reuters will own approximately 15% of the London Stock Exchange",
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    "input": "We also expect some continued growth from the fixed-line side as its broadband and other services such as data centers and IT services offset voice declines.",
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    "input": "Acquisitions that are not integrated effectively can be disruptive to business, straining the firm's relationships with customers and distracting management from strategic priorities.",
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    "input": "This results in a total company EBITDA margin of about 19% in 2025, improving from about 17% in 2019. This is largely driven by the higher-margin clinical trials business (2025 EBITDA margin of over 20%) and diluted by the lab segment (5% margin) and reimbursed expenses.",
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    "input": "Further, we think Kate Spade's previous management damaged the brand through frequent online flash sales, heavy discounting, and expansions of relatively low-priced products.",
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    "input": "Segment-wise, we model outsize growth (in the low double digits) for global ventures, as Costa store traffic recovers and the brand expands to new markets and formats such as ready-to-drink.",
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    "gold_effect": "Segment-wise, we model outsize growth (in the low double digits) for global ventures",
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    "input": "While we see incremental investments deleveraging against weaker travel demand in the near term, our 2024 operating margin (after investments wane and travel demand returns) is 15.7%. As a result of our top-line and cost forecasts, we expect operating margins to expand to 17.9% in 2029 from 9.1% in 2019 (heavy investment year period).",
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    "pred_cause": "incremental investments deleveraging against weaker travel demand in the near term",
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    "input": "AMD's recent share gains at Intel's (and to a lesser extent, Nvidia) expense have allowed the firm to stabilize its balance sheet while increasing AMD's ability to invest in future products.",
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    "input": "We expect Allegheny's earnings to grow significantly over our explicit forecast period as demand from its key end markets improves, shipment volumes increase, and margins expand.",
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    "pred_effect": "Allegheny's earnings to grow significantly",
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    "gold_effect": "We expect Allegheny's earnings to grow significantly over our explicit forecast period",
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    "input": "This is evident in Paccar's ability to continually improve the fuel efficiency of its trucks, resulting in lower costs for customers.",
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    "input": "Some patients in Tegsedi's trial for hereditary ATTR amyloidosis and in the Waylivra trial for familial chylomicronemia syndrome have demonstrated severe lowering of platelet counts (thrombocytopenia), which has likely delayed the approval of Waylivra in the U.S.",
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    "pred_cause": "Some patients in Tegsedi's trial for hereditary ATTR amyloidosis and in the Waylivra trial for familial chylomicronemia syndrome have demonstrated severe lowering of platelet counts (thrombocytopenia)",
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    "input": "In 2021, we model an 8% revenue lift and around flat operating margin performance of 15% (as robust BBW throughput continues to provide leverage).",
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    "gold_effect": "we model an 8% revenue lift and around flat operating margin performance of 15%",
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    "input": "New competition could dramatically slow T-Mobile's momentum in the market, causing it to fail to gain the scale needed to compete long term.",
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    "input": "While we anticipate moderate pullbacks in both the procedure growth but more notably in system sales in the current year, owing to the impact of the pandemic on patient volumes and hospital budgets, our long-term forecast for procedures and system penetration rates remains optimistic.",
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    "gold_cause": "the impact of the pandemic on patient volumes and hospital budgets",
    "gold_effect": "moderate pullbacks in both the procedure growth but more notably in system sales in the current year",
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    "input": "We expect the firm's largest segment, Discovery and Safety Assessment, to make up about 65% of total revenue in 2030, driven by a steady increase in outsourcing penetration throughout our explicit forecast.",
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    "pred_cause": "steady increase in outsourcing penetration throughout our explicit forecast",
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    "input": "Large global CROs, such as PPD, have developed regulatory expertise and proprietary data that help them produce the best trial designs and enroll patients into trials quickly and efficiently, which allows drugs to reach the market faster.",
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    "input": "Finally, this also supports Twilio's venture away from usage-based revenues to a more sticky subscription-like revenue stream, as Engagement Cloud products offer pricing packages on the basis of per-seat pricing alongside traditional usage-based options.",
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    "gold_effect": "this also supports Twilio's venture away from usage-based revenues to a more sticky subscription-like revenue stream",
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  {
    "input": "As increased investment is part of Hanes' Full Potential strategy, we anticipate both marketing and R&amp;D spending to increase over the next three years.",
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    "pred_cause": "increased investment is part of Hanes' Full Potential strategy",
    "pred_effect": "marketing and R&amp;D spending to increase over the next three years",
    "gold_cause": "As increased investment is part of Hanes' Full Potential strategy",
    "gold_effect": "we anticipate both marketing and R&amp;D spending to increase over the next three years",
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    "input": "However, Snap's innovative features, coupled with data privacy and some brand safety concerns surrounding Facebook, could help attract a larger portion of advertisers' budgets.",
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    "input": "Pandemic-related acceleration of digital sales and the need to hold prices down should limit SG&A expense leverage, limiting the operating margins to just over 3% on average post-pandemic, versus 3.9% in fiscal 2019 (fiscal 2020's 6.2% mark reflected unprecedented cost leverage).",
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    "pred_cause": "pandemic-related acceleration of digital sales and the need to hold prices down",
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    "input": "We think this helps stabilize the business as the power industry shifts away from large fossil-fuel generation to more distributed generation and renewable energy.",
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    "pred_cause": "the power industry shifts away from large fossil-fuel generation to more distributed generation and renewable energy",
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    "input": "Revlon is an example of a company that encountered a disastrous migration to S/4HANA, leading to an inability to fulfill product shipments worth roughly $64 million in net sales.",
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    "pred_cause": "a disastrous migration to S/4HANA",
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    "input": "These items should support competitive core deposit costs, above-average operating efficiency, higher fee income levels, and pricing advantages for the auto business, all of which should enable the bank to consistently earn returns that exceed its 9% cost of equity through the cycle.",
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    "input": "In other words, as we observe a severe oversupply problem in the solar panel industry, Kyocera will not be able to compete with cheaper Chinese panels in overseas markets.",
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    "pred_cause": "severe oversupply problem in the solar panel industry",
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    "gold_cause": "we observe a severe oversupply problem in the solar panel industry",
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    "input": "The mission critical nature of these end markets results in a high cost of failure if tools break during repairs.",
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    "input": "Perhaps the biggest VMware investment risk lies within its ownership structure, as Dell Technologies owns 81% of the combined firm.",
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    "pred_cause": "Dell Technologies owns 81% of the combined firm",
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    "input": "We believe both customer engagement and financial crime and compliance have customer switching costs traditionally seen in software companies, including time, expense, and risk of implementing new applications as well as the migration of data.",
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    "pred_cause": "customer engagement and financial crime and compliance have customer switching costs traditionally seen in software companies",
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    "input": "Much of Heico's product development comes from customer requests, so Heico has some certainty that it will be able to sell these parts to airlines, which is not easily replicable.",
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    "pred_cause": "Much of Heico's product development comes from customer requests",
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    "input": "We believe this weakness is because Smucker is heavily exposed to the value and mainstream segments, which have lost share as consumers shift purchases to the premium and superpremium segments, suggesting that Smucker has failed to amass pricing power in this niche.",
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    "input": "We expect 80 basis points of gross margin expansion over the next five years, mainly driven by mix shift toward the higher-margin pharma division.",
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    "pred_cause": "mix shift toward the higher-margin pharma division",
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    "input": "Additionally, SBA's strategy to take on debt to fund share repurchases results in it targeting a net debt/EBITDA ratio of greater than 7 times.",
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    "input": "We also assume 1% ASP growth through 2030 due to a mix shift to Toll Brothers' lower-priced offerings, which will partially offset price increases.",
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    "input": "With demand for most products softening with the end of the China boom, BHP's adjusted earnings have been hit after peaking in fiscal 2011 at USD 22 billion.",
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    "input": "Additionally, we think air cargo growth will be a strong driver for JBT's airport equipment, along with general infrastructure spending for aging equipment.",
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    "input": "Our compound annual automotive revenue growth rate is about 10%; we model nearly 100 basis points of declining North American market share from 2020 levels because of continued strong competitive threats.",
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    "input": "Second, once Splunk's software is integrated, switching to a new platform could lead to business disruption and operational risk, resulting in data loss.",
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    "input": "Low interest rates will continue to exert pressure on SocGen's net interest income, while fee income is likely to decline in 2020 as underwriting activities in investment banking are likely to grind to a halt.",
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    "input": "In 2011, the company revised the mine plan in order to improve its cash flow at the expense of a shorter mine life.",
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    "input": "Similar to the human labs, Idexx faces some of the same risks of inaccurate test results that could lead to inappropriate medical care.",
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    "input": "We expect the first-line lung cancer indication for Tagrisso combined with the likely gains in adjuvant lung cancer will drive peak sales above $10 billion annually.",
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    "input": "Additionally, unlike blast furnaces, electric arc furnaces allow for the use of complementary, high-iron-content feedstocks that help reduce per-unit steelmaking costs.",
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    "input": "With management reiterating its outlook for 35-40 net new restaurant openings for fiscal 2021 and our expectations of moderate unit opening acceleration in future years due to smaller, independent casual dining operators exiting the market, our longer-term revenue assumptions remain largely intact.",
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    "input": "Its portfolio of widely successful franchises allows the firm to monetize its intellectual property year Electronic Gaming & Multimediaafter year by delivering content via sequels, expansion packs, downloadable content, or DLC, and toys, exemplified by the decade-old World of Warcraft franchise and the annual versions of Call of Duty.",
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    "input": "In this regard, the company's success can be attributed to its aggressive approach at building a recognizable brand to attract consumers and consequently the agents seeking their business.",
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    "input": "Additionally, broadband pricing is low in Mexico, which allows for price increases in the near to medium term as Internet access becomes even more a necessity for Mexican households.",
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    "pred_cause": "broadband pricing is low in Mexico",
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    "input": "We expect fiscal 2021 companywide revenue to increase by 21% year on year, on the expectation of strong near-term demand for Fanuc's Robodrills and CNCs in Asia ex Japan as well as recovery in investment levels in the global automobile industry (particularly the U.S., Europe, and Japan).",
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    "input": "Conversely, if it seeks to conserve profits, it could be subject to deteriorating volume if consumers balk at higher prices.",
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    "input": "This growth will be supplemented by rising volume out of the consumer brands segment thanks to the recent deal with Lowe's, and the successful execution of roughly 100 new store openings a year in the Americas, adding another 2.5% to overall revenue growth.",
    "output": "[Cause] the recent deal with Lowe's, and the successful execution of roughly 100 new store openings a year in the Americas [Relation] enable [Effect] rising volume out of the consumer brands segment",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "the recent deal with Lowe's, and the successful execution of roughly 100 new store openings a year in the Americas",
    "pred_effect": "rising volume out of the consumer brands segment",
    "gold_cause": "the recent deal with Lowe's, and the successful execution of roughly 100 new store openings a year in the Americas, adding another 2.5% to overall revenue growth",
    "gold_effect": "This growth will be supplemented by rising volume out of the consumer brands segment",
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    "cause_excess_count": 8,
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    "input": "The constant wear and tear on the equipment results in steady demand for servicing and replacement parts, and aftermarket revenue tends to be relatively more stable and carry higher margins.",
    "output": "[Cause] constant wear and tear on the equipment [Relation] cause [Effect] steady demand for servicing and replacement parts",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "constant wear and tear on the equipment",
    "pred_effect": "steady demand for servicing and replacement parts",
    "gold_cause": "The constant wear and tear on the equipment",
    "gold_effect": "steady demand for servicing and replacement parts",
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  {
    "input": "With a lack of available financial data for fibre cement peers, however, it is difficult to ascertain the magnitude of any cost advantage that does exist and in turn identify whether it is material.",
    "output": "[Cause] lack of available financial data for fibre cement peers [Relation] cause [Effect] difficult to ascertain the magnitude of any cost advantage that does exist and in turn identify whether it is material",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "lack of available financial data for fibre cement peers",
    "pred_effect": "difficult to ascertain the magnitude of any cost advantage that does exist and in turn identify whether it is material",
    "gold_cause": "With a lack of available financial data for fibre cement peers",
    "gold_effect": "it is difficult to ascertain the magnitude of any cost advantage that does exist and in turn identify whether it is material",
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  {
    "input": "Uncertainties surrounding current battery technology, availability of vehicle charging infrastructure, and the cost-effectiveness of using hydrogen fuel cells call into question the immediate threat of these new entrants.",
    "output": "[Cause] Uncertainties surrounding current battery technology, availability of vehicle charging infrastructure, and the cost-effectiveness of using hydrogen fuel cells [Relation] cause [Effect] call into question the immediate threat of these new entrants",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "Uncertainties surrounding current battery technology, availability of vehicle charging infrastructure, and the cost-effectiveness of using hydrogen fuel cells",
    "pred_effect": "call into question the immediate threat of these new entrants",
    "gold_cause": "Uncertainties surrounding current battery technology, availability of vehicle charging infrastructure, and the cost-effectiveness of using hydrogen fuel cells",
    "gold_effect": "question the immediate threat of these new entrants",
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    "tag": "substr_valid",
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    "input": "Because firms are hesitant to incur the training costs and disruptions associated with switching providers (and because developing materials in-house is costly and carries risk of ineffectiveness; the same applies for assessment products), they are receptive to Wiley's comprehensive set of offerings and unlikely to switch to another provider.",
    "output": "[Cause] firms are hesitant to incur the training costs and disruptions associated with switching providers [Relation] prevent [Effect] receptive to Wiley's comprehensive set of offerings and unlikely to switch to another provider",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "firms are hesitant to incur the training costs and disruptions associated with switching providers",
    "pred_effect": "receptive to Wiley's comprehensive set of offerings and unlikely to switch to another provider",
    "gold_cause": "firms are hesitant to incur the training costs and disruptions associated with switching providers",
    "gold_effect": "they are receptive to Wiley's comprehensive set of offerings and unlikely to switch to another provider",
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    "tag": "substr_valid",
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  {
    "input": "Geographically, we expect the Mexico & Central America segment to outpace South America, particularly in price, owing to the company's dominance in Mexico.",
    "output": "[Cause] the company's dominance in Mexico [Relation] enable [Effect] expect the Mexico & Central America segment to outpace South America, particularly in price",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "the company's dominance in Mexico",
    "pred_effect": "expect the Mexico & Central America segment to outpace South America, particularly in price",
    "gold_cause": "the company's dominance in Mexico",
    "gold_effect": "the Mexico & Central America segment to outpace South America",
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    "tag": "substr_valid",
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    "input": "Still, Burlington's 5 times inventory turnover exceeds Macy's (roughly 3 times) and should rise as it optimizes its assortment and store network while buying more opportunistically.",
    "output": "[Cause] optimizes its assortment and store network while buying more opportunistically [Relation] enable [Effect] Burlington's 5 times inventory turnover exceeds Macy's (roughly 3 times) and should rise",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "optimizes its assortment and store network while buying more opportunistically",
    "pred_effect": "Burlington's 5 times inventory turnover exceeds Macy's (roughly 3 times) and should rise",
    "gold_cause": "it optimizes its assortment and store network while buying more opportunistically",
    "gold_effect": "Burlington's 5 times inventory turnover exceeds Macy's (roughly 3 times) and should rise",
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    "tag": "substr_valid",
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    "input": "Canadian regulation also makes it more difficult for bad credit to be issued, including mandatory insurance and standards on riskier mortgage loans, not having a government-subsidized mortgage securitization market, and forcing banks to hold more of the risk on their own balance sheets.",
    "output": "[Cause] Canadian regulation includes mandatory insurance and standards on riskier mortgage loans, not having a government-subsidized mortgage securitization market, and forcing banks to hold more of the risk on their own balance sheets. [Relation] prevent [Effect] makes it more difficult for bad credit to be issued",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "Canadian regulation includes mandatory insurance and standards on riskier mortgage loans, not having a government-subsidized mortgage securitization market, and forcing banks to hold more of the risk on their own balance sheets.",
    "pred_effect": "makes it more difficult for bad credit to be issued",
    "gold_cause": "mandatory insurance and standards on riskier mortgage loans, not having a government-subsidized mortgage securitization market, and forcing banks to hold more of the risk on their own balance sheets",
    "gold_effect": "makes it more difficult for bad credit to be issued",
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  {
    "input": "This leading supply of reviews and information has led to user traffic and mobile app awareness above key metasearch competitors Kayak and Trivago.",
    "output": "[Cause] leading supply of reviews and information [Relation] enable [Effect] user traffic and mobile app awareness above key metasearch competitors Kayak and Trivago",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "leading supply of reviews and information",
    "pred_effect": "user traffic and mobile app awareness above key metasearch competitors Kayak and Trivago",
    "gold_cause": "This leading supply of reviews and information",
    "gold_effect": "user traffic and mobile app awareness above key metasearch competitors Kayak and Trivago",
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  {
    "input": "We forecast operating margins to improve slowly (back to 14% in 2024), helped by a steadily improving global economic environment and rising cost leverage as S&A and advertising costs are spread across more toys sold.",
    "output": "[Cause] steadily improving global economic environment and rising cost leverage as S&A and advertising costs are spread across more toys sold [Relation] cause [Effect] forecast operating margins to improve slowly (back to 14% in 2024)",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "steadily improving global economic environment and rising cost leverage as S&A and advertising costs are spread across more toys sold",
    "pred_effect": "forecast operating margins to improve slowly (back to 14% in 2024)",
    "gold_cause": "a steadily improving global economic environment and rising cost leverage as S&A and advertising costs are spread across more toys sold",
    "gold_effect": "operating margins to improve slowly",
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  {
    "input": "If Boston Scientific's Acurate Neo2 device is easier to use, faster to use, or works in a broader range of patients, it could cut into the Sapien franchise.",
    "output": "[Cause] Boston Scientific's Acurate Neo2 device is easier to use, faster to use, or works in a broader range of patients [Relation] enable [Effect] it could cut into the Sapien franchise",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "Boston Scientific's Acurate Neo2 device is easier to use, faster to use, or works in a broader range of patients",
    "pred_effect": "it could cut into the Sapien franchise",
    "gold_cause": "If Boston Scientific's Acurate Neo2 device is easier to use, faster to use, or works in a broader range of patients",
    "gold_effect": "cut into the Sapien franchise",
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  {
    "input": "We project that EBITDA margins for Discovery International will dip to 21% from 26% in 2019 and then expand to 28% in 2024 as the revenue growth will outpace the growth in content costs.",
    "output": "[Cause] revenue growth will outpace the growth in content costs [Relation] cause [Effect] EBITDA margins for Discovery International will dip to 21% from 26% in 2019 and then expand to 28% in 2024",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "revenue growth will outpace the growth in content costs",
    "pred_effect": "EBITDA margins for Discovery International will dip to 21% from 26% in 2019 and then expand to 28% in 2024",
    "gold_cause": "the revenue growth will outpace the growth in content costs",
    "gold_effect": "We project that EBITDA margins for Discovery International will dip to 21% from 26% in 2019 and then expand to 28% in 2024",
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  {
    "input": "We expect revenue per cabinet to rise only modestly--about 2% annually--as we think Equinix's reliance on its major customers will keep a lid on its pricing power and offset higher escalators for other enterprise customers.",
    "output": "[Cause] Equinix's reliance on its major customers [Relation] prevent [Effect] revenue per cabinet to rise only modestly--about 2% annually",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "Equinix's reliance on its major customers",
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    "gold_cause": "we think Equinix's reliance on its major customers will keep a lid on its pricing power and offset higher escalators for other enterprise customers",
    "gold_effect": "We expect revenue per cabinet to rise only modestly--about 2% annually",
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    "cause_excess_count": 18,
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    "input": "Finally, volatility in commodity prices, specifically oil, may affect profitability if fuel prices remain inflated for an extended period (Royal hedges about half of current-year costs).",
    "output": "[Cause] volatility in commodity prices, specifically oil [Relation] cause [Effect] may affect profitability if fuel prices remain inflated for an extended period",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "volatility in commodity prices, specifically oil",
    "pred_effect": "may affect profitability if fuel prices remain inflated for an extended period",
    "gold_cause": "volatility in commodity prices, specifically oil",
    "gold_effect": "affect profitability",
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  {
    "input": "Antero's strong leverage to NGLs and condensate is rare among natural gas producers in the Northeast and enables the company to benefit more from strengthening NGL prices, driven by increasing domestic and export demand for NGLs and increasing pipeline capacity out of the Appalachia region.",
    "output": "[Cause] Antero's strong leverage to NGLs and condensate [Relation] enable [Effect] enables the company to benefit more from strengthening NGL prices",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "Antero's strong leverage to NGLs and condensate",
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    "gold_cause": "Antero's strong leverage to NGLs and condensate",
    "gold_effect": "the company to benefit more from strengthening NGL prices",
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    "input": "We anticipate that the enhanced network in conjunction with a transition to unlimited data plans, which is happening throughout the industry, will result in churn declining, pricing power increasing, and margins expanding.",
    "output": "[Cause] enhanced network in conjunction with a transition to unlimited data plans [Relation] enable [Effect] churn declining, pricing power increasing, and margins expanding",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "enhanced network in conjunction with a transition to unlimited data plans",
    "pred_effect": "churn declining, pricing power increasing, and margins expanding",
    "gold_cause": "the enhanced network in conjunction with a transition to unlimited data plans, which is happening throughout the industry",
    "gold_effect": "churn declining, pricing power increasing, and margins expanding",
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  {
    "input": "But perhaps even more burdensome, would be onboarding users of Workday software onto a new system--in which the user experience will certainly differ--leading to friction in accomplishing a number of critical business tasks.",
    "output": "[Cause] onboarding users of Workday software onto a new system [Relation] cause [Effect] user experience will certainly differ, leading to friction in accomplishing a number of critical business tasks",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "onboarding users of Workday software onto a new system",
    "pred_effect": "user experience will certainly differ, leading to friction in accomplishing a number of critical business tasks",
    "gold_cause": "onboarding users of Workday software onto a new system",
    "gold_effect": "friction in accomplishing a number of critical business tasks",
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  {
    "input": "PVH, like all international apparel manufacturers and retailers, faces a huge challenge with the COVID-19 crisis as stores all over the world have had to restrict access or temporarily close.",
    "output": "[Cause] COVID-19 crisis as stores all over the world have had to restrict access or temporarily close [Relation] cause [Effect] PVH, like all international apparel manufacturers and retailers, faces a huge challenge",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "COVID-19 crisis as stores all over the world have had to restrict access or temporarily close",
    "pred_effect": "PVH, like all international apparel manufacturers and retailers, faces a huge challenge",
    "gold_cause": "stores all over the world have had to restrict access or temporarily close",
    "gold_effect": "PVH, like all international apparel manufacturers and retailers, faces a huge challenge with the COVID-19 crisis",
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    "input": "Other execution risks include expansion into peripheral business lines and physical stores (including Whole Foods), which could distract management or lead to poor capital-allocation decisions.",
    "output": "[Cause] expansion into peripheral business lines and physical stores (including Whole Foods) [Relation] cause [Effect] distract management or lead to poor capital-allocation decisions",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "expansion into peripheral business lines and physical stores (including Whole Foods)",
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    "gold_cause": "Other execution risks include expansion into peripheral business lines and physical stores (including Whole Foods)",
    "gold_effect": "distract management or lead to poor capital-allocation decisions",
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  {
    "input": "Outside of the New York market, as Altice increases its share of total customer telecom spending in a given neighborhood, we expect it will be able to further outspend rivals on network maintenance and upgrades while gaining operating cost efficiencies.",
    "output": "[Cause] Altice increases its share of total customer telecom spending in a given neighborhood [Relation] enable [Effect] able to further outspend rivals on network maintenance and upgrades while gaining operating cost efficiencies",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "Altice increases its share of total customer telecom spending in a given neighborhood",
    "pred_effect": "able to further outspend rivals on network maintenance and upgrades while gaining operating cost efficiencies",
    "gold_cause": "Altice increases its share of total customer telecom spending in a given neighborhood",
    "gold_effect": "it will be able to further outspend rivals on network maintenance and upgrades while gaining operating cost efficiencies",
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  {
    "input": "However, this end market could come under some pressure in the intermediate term primarily as liquid biopsies emerge that could reduce false-positive rates (and related tissue biopsies) in individual cancer screening indications (like colorectal and breast cancer), which represents a moderate threat for the company.",
    "output": "[Cause] liquid biopsies emerge that could reduce false-positive rates (and related tissue biopsies) in individual cancer screening indications [Relation] cause [Effect] this end market could come under some pressure in the intermediate term",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "liquid biopsies emerge that could reduce false-positive rates (and related tissue biopsies) in individual cancer screening indications",
    "pred_effect": "this end market could come under some pressure in the intermediate term",
    "gold_cause": "liquid biopsies emerge that could reduce false-positive rates (and related tissue biopsies) in individual cancer screening indications",
    "gold_effect": "this end market could come under some pressure in the intermediate term primarily",
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  {
    "input": "Prescription-grade respiratory inhalers require clean-room environments and a knowledge of labyrinthine regulatory hurdles, leading to segment operating margins of around 30%.",
    "output": "[Cause] clean-room environments and a knowledge of labyrinthine regulatory hurdles [Relation] enable [Effect] segment operating margins of around 30%",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "clean-room environments and a knowledge of labyrinthine regulatory hurdles",
    "pred_effect": "segment operating margins of around 30%",
    "gold_cause": "Prescription-grade respiratory inhalers require clean-room environments and a knowledge of labyrinthine regulatory hurdles",
    "gold_effect": "segment operating margins of around 30%",
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    "input": "Enterprise customers rely on AWS for core IT infrastructure, which represents significant switching costs in terms of the time and expense of integrating applications with core software elements, such as the database, and dedicates a user to a specific set of software development tools.",
    "output": "[Cause] Enterprise customers rely on AWS for core IT infrastructure [Relation] cause [Effect] represents significant switching costs in terms of the time and expense of integrating applications with core software elements, such as the database, and dedicates a user to a specific set of software development tools.",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "Enterprise customers rely on AWS for core IT infrastructure",
    "pred_effect": "represents significant switching costs in terms of the time and expense of integrating applications with core software elements, such as the database, and dedicates a user to a specific set of software development tools.",
    "gold_cause": "Enterprise customers rely on AWS for core IT infrastructure",
    "gold_effect": "significant switching costs in terms of the time and expense of integrating applications with core software elements",
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  {
    "input": "Additional competition from well-capitalized investors could drive up prices and force Realty Income to either pursue fewer acquisitions, acquire at lower cap rates, or reduce the quality of properties it acquires.",
    "output": "[Cause] Additional competition from well-capitalized investors [Relation] cause [Effect] could drive up prices and force Realty Income to either pursue fewer acquisitions, acquire at lower cap rates, or reduce the quality of properties it acquires",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "Additional competition from well-capitalized investors",
    "pred_effect": "could drive up prices and force Realty Income to either pursue fewer acquisitions, acquire at lower cap rates, or reduce the quality of properties it acquires",
    "gold_cause": "Additional competition from well-capitalized investors",
    "gold_effect": "drive up prices and force Realty Income to either pursue fewer acquisitions, acquire at lower cap rates, or reduce the quality of properties it acquires",
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  {
    "input": "Because there are risks to the patient when explanting a neurostimulation device, practitioners are generally reluctant to do so, unless there is greater risk associated leaving a broken or infected device inside the body.",
    "output": "[Cause] risks to the patient when explanting a neurostimulation device [Relation] cause [Effect] practitioners are generally reluctant to do so",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "risks to the patient when explanting a neurostimulation device",
    "pred_effect": "practitioners are generally reluctant to do so",
    "gold_cause": "there are risks to the patient when explanting a neurostimulation device",
    "gold_effect": "ractitioners are generally reluctant to do so",
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  {
    "input": "Its software assigns users one phone number that can be used for all RingCentral communications, both on a desktop as well as on a mobile device. This supports ease of product interoperability, enabling users on the go to transfer a desktop call to their phone without interruption or a sacrifice in call quality, which is especially helpful in remote work environments.",
    "output": "[Cause] Its software assigns users one phone number that can be used for all RingCentral communications, both on a desktop as well as on a mobile device [Relation] enable [Effect] supports ease of product interoperability, enabling users on the go to transfer a desktop call to their phone without interruption or a sacrifice in call quality",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "Its software assigns users one phone number that can be used for all RingCentral communications, both on a desktop as well as on a mobile device",
    "pred_effect": "supports ease of product interoperability, enabling users on the go to transfer a desktop call to their phone without interruption or a sacrifice in call quality",
    "gold_cause": "Its software assigns users one phone number that can be used for all RingCentral communications, both on a desktop as well as on a mobile device",
    "gold_effect": "supports ease of product interoperability, enabling users on the go to transfer a desktop call to their phone without interruption or a sacrifice in call quality, which is especially helpful in remote work environments",
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  {
    "input": "While Sysco hasn't always leveraged its purchasing power scale (historically, each distribution center operated independently), in 2014 it began an effort to consolidate purchases, which drove a 200-basis-point improvement to gross margins.",
    "output": "[Cause] an effort to consolidate purchases [Relation] cause [Effect] drove a 200-basis-point improvement to gross margins",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "an effort to consolidate purchases",
    "pred_effect": "drove a 200-basis-point improvement to gross margins",
    "gold_cause": "it began an effort to consolidate purchases",
    "gold_effect": "drove a 200-basis-point improvement to gross margins",
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    "input": "Beyond wireless, demand within some of Qorvo's end markets (such as defense and wireless infrastructure equipment) are inherently lumpy, which could lead to earnings volatility.",
    "output": "[Cause] demand within some of Qorvo's end markets (such as defense and wireless infrastructure equipment) are inherently lumpy [Relation] cause [Effect] could lead to earnings volatility",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "demand within some of Qorvo's end markets (such as defense and wireless infrastructure equipment) are inherently lumpy",
    "pred_effect": "could lead to earnings volatility",
    "gold_cause": "demand within some of Qorvo's end markets (such as defense and wireless infrastructure equipment) are inherently lumpy",
    "gold_effect": "lead to earnings volatility",
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    "input": "In the ag services and oil seeds business, which generates the majority of profits, continued increases in crop yields and new land brought under agricultural production, particularly in South America, are likely to lead to an increase in crops transported around the globe.",
    "output": "[Cause] continued increases in crop yields and new land brought under agricultural production, particularly in South America [Relation] cause [Effect] likely to lead to an increase in crops transported around the globe",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "continued increases in crop yields and new land brought under agricultural production, particularly in South America",
    "pred_effect": "likely to lead to an increase in crops transported around the globe",
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    "gold_effect": "an increase in crops transported around the globe",
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    "input": "A critical factor for both fields is high sensitivity under various difficult conditions, and so we believe Sony could leverage its strength to expand this business in the near future.",
    "output": "[Cause] high sensitivity under various difficult conditions [Relation] enable [Effect] Sony could leverage its strength to expand this business in the near future",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "high sensitivity under various difficult conditions",
    "pred_effect": "Sony could leverage its strength to expand this business in the near future",
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    "gold_effect": "Sony could leverage its strength to expand this business in the near future",
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    "input": "We had revisited our Eaton thesis and came away far more bullish on the company after management made two vital prudent capital allocation decisions to sell the commoditized and secularly challenged businesses in lighting and hydraulics.",
    "output": "[Cause] management made two vital prudent capital allocation decisions to sell the commoditized and secularly challenged businesses in lighting and hydraulics [Relation] cause [Effect] revisited our Eaton thesis and came away far more bullish on the company",
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    "pred_cause": "management made two vital prudent capital allocation decisions to sell the commoditized and secularly challenged businesses in lighting and hydraulics",
    "pred_effect": "revisited our Eaton thesis and came away far more bullish on the company",
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    "gold_effect": "revisited our Eaton thesis",
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    "input": "However, as the DTW model as well as its automated and efficient ovens can be replicated, we do not consider it a sustainable competitive advantage.",
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    "pred_effect": "we do not consider it a sustainable competitive advantage",
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    "gold_effect": "not consider it a sustainable competitive advantage",
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    "input": "If there is a significant data breach or if Verisign fails to comply with the terms of the contract, ICANN has the right to put the contracts up for bid, raising the possibility of Verisign losing its exclusive right to the TLDs, which would be catastrophic for the company.",
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    "pred_cause": "significant data breach or if Verisign fails to comply with the terms of the contract",
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    "gold_effect": "ICANN has the right to put the contracts up for bid",
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    "input": "In Avery's materials segments, we expect that rising per-capita GDP and disposable income will drive increased penetration rates of consumer packaged goods and consumer durables, both of which make relatively heavy use of pressure sensitive labeling.",
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    "pred_cause": "rising per-capita GDP and disposable income",
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    "gold_cause": "rising per-capita GDP and disposable income",
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    "input": "Rio Tinto now doesn't need massive capital expenditure, given that the vast bulk of Pilbara expansion expenditure (to take capacity to 360 million tonnes of iron ore) is already sunk.",
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    "pred_cause": "vast bulk of Pilbara expansion expenditure (to take capacity to 360 million tonnes of iron ore) is already sunk",
    "pred_effect": "Rio Tinto now doesn't need massive capital expenditure",
    "gold_cause": "the vast bulk of Pilbara expansion expenditure (to take capacity to 360 million tonnes of iron ore) is already sunk",
    "gold_effect": "Rio Tinto now doesn't need massive capital expenditure",
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    "input": "Given its plentiful lot supply, the company has shifted to a lighter land acquisition strategy, which seeks to reduce the amount of capital tied up in land.",
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    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "its plentiful lot supply",
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    "gold_cause": "its plentiful lot supply",
    "gold_effect": "the company has shifted to a lighter land acquisition strategy",
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  {
    "input": "Demand for these types of assets will remain strong as patients seek the best treatments from the top health systems, driving consistent patient volumes to their affiliated assets and thus increasing the rents that can be charged to doctor's groups that want to service these patients.",
    "output": "[Cause] patients seek the best treatments from the top health systems [Relation] cause [Effect] driving consistent patient volumes to their affiliated assets",
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    "pred_cause": "patients seek the best treatments from the top health systems",
    "pred_effect": "driving consistent patient volumes to their affiliated assets",
    "gold_cause": "assets will remain strong as patients seek the best treatments from the top health systems",
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    "input": "We are decreasing our fair value estimate for Kilroy Realty to $61 per share from $65 since we now expect the San Francisco submarket to be more acutely impacted by occupancy declines due to the coronavirus pandemic.",
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    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "expect the San Francisco submarket to be more acutely impacted by occupancy declines due to the coronavirus pandemic",
    "pred_effect": "decreasing our fair value estimate for Kilroy Realty to $61 per share from $65",
    "gold_cause": "the San Francisco submarket to be more acutely impacted by occupancy declines due to the coronavirus pandemic",
    "gold_effect": "decreasing our fair value estimate for Kilroy Realty to $61 per share from $65",
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    "input": "Shorter berthing and loading times allow the company to reduce costs and help Schnitzer make deliveries more quickly than its peers, which is a key value proposition in securing and retaining business.",
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    "pred_cause": "Shorter berthing and loading times",
    "pred_effect": "allow the company to reduce costs and help Schnitzer make deliveries more quickly than its peers",
    "gold_cause": "Shorter berthing and loading times",
    "gold_effect": "reduce costs and help Schnitzer make deliveries more quickly than its peers",
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    "input": "We estimate it will be less than 20% by 2030, and the company recently announced a goal of low- and no-carbon generation by 2050 that will probably require the closure of the remaining coal plants.",
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    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "the company recently announced a goal of low- and no-carbon generation by 2050",
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    "gold_cause": "the company recently announced a goal of low- and no-carbon generation by 2050",
    "gold_effect": "require the closure of the remaining coal plants",
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    "input": "The international segment, heavily skewed toward China, features 11.3% annual revenue growth (excluding 2021), driven primarily by new unit openings (8.5%) as Starbucks continues to expand beyond Tier I cities.",
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    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "Starbucks continues to expand beyond Tier I cities",
    "pred_effect": "11.3% annual revenue growth (excluding 2021)",
    "gold_cause": "Starbucks continues to expand beyond Tier I cities",
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    "input": "A carbon tax is likely to be implemented and will increase the price of end products to consumers which will likely erode demand, though the impact on hydrocarbon demand remains more than a decade away.",
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    "pred_cause": "A carbon tax is likely to be implemented",
    "pred_effect": "increase the price of end products to consumers, erode demand",
    "gold_cause": "A carbon tax is likely to be implemented and will increase the price of end products to consumers",
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    "input": "We forecast adjusted EBITDA margins to increase from 39% in 2019 to 42% by 2024 as SS&C continues to realize expense synergies from recent acquisitions.",
    "output": "[Cause] SS&C continues to realize expense synergies from recent acquisitions [Relation] enable [Effect] forecast adjusted EBITDA margins to increase from 39% in 2019 to 42% by 2024",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "SS&C continues to realize expense synergies from recent acquisitions",
    "pred_effect": "forecast adjusted EBITDA margins to increase from 39% in 2019 to 42% by 2024",
    "gold_cause": "SS&C continues to realize expense synergies from recent acquisitions",
    "gold_effect": "We forecast adjusted EBITDA margins to increase from 39% in 2019 to 42% by 2024",
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  {
    "input": "However, we don't think the brands offer a competitive edge by way of powerful brand equity, as we believe it is difficult to build long-term brand equity around celebrities, whose popularity tends to ebb and flow.",
    "output": "[Cause] it is difficult to build long-term brand equity around celebrities, whose popularity tends to ebb and flow [Relation] cause [Effect] we don't think the brands offer a competitive edge by way of powerful brand equity",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "it is difficult to build long-term brand equity around celebrities, whose popularity tends to ebb and flow",
    "pred_effect": "we don't think the brands offer a competitive edge by way of powerful brand equity",
    "gold_cause": "it is difficult to build long-term brand equity around celebrities, whose popularity tends to ebb and flow",
    "gold_effect": "the brands offer a competitive edge by way of powerful brand equity",
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  {
    "input": "BEV demand is also limited by current battery technology, which has a ''''''''fast'''''''' recharge time of 30 minutes to reach 80% of battery capacity versus 3 minutes to fill an average fuel tank.",
    "output": "[Cause] current battery technology, which has a ''''''''fast'''''''' recharge time of 30 minutes to reach 80% of battery capacity [Relation] prevent [Effect] BEV demand is limited",
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    "pred_cause": "current battery technology, which has a ''''''''fast'''''''' recharge time of 30 minutes to reach 80% of battery capacity",
    "pred_effect": "BEV demand is limited",
    "gold_cause": "current battery technology",
    "gold_effect": "BEV demand",
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  {
    "input": "As China's restaurant industry consolidates, we expect chains to increasingly compete with one another on price and product differentiation across multiple dayparts, with aggressive (and often irrational) promotional activity likely to escalate, resulting in a high uncertainty rating.",
    "output": "[Cause] China's restaurant industry consolidates [Relation] cause [Effect] chains to increasingly compete with one another on price and product differentiation across multiple dayparts, with aggressive (and often irrational) promotional activity likely to escalate, resulting in a high uncertainty rating.",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "China's restaurant industry consolidates",
    "pred_effect": "chains to increasingly compete with one another on price and product differentiation across multiple dayparts, with aggressive (and often irrational) promotional activity likely to escalate, resulting in a high uncertainty rating.",
    "gold_cause": "China's restaurant industry consolidates",
    "gold_effect": "chains to increasingly compete with one another on price and product differentiation across multiple dayparts, with aggressive (and often irrational) promotional activity likely to escalate, resulting in a high uncertainty rating",
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  {
    "input": "The coronavirus had a severe adverse effect on its sales in fiscal 2021 as many stores were forced to close temporarily.",
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    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "The coronavirus",
    "pred_effect": "severe adverse effect on its sales in fiscal 2021",
    "gold_cause": "The coronavirus",
    "gold_effect": "sales in fiscal",
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    "input": "However, it will not approach the 20% royalty interest that could be earned off a well, given the extremely high level of splintered ownership.",
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    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "extremely high level of splintered ownership",
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    "gold_cause": "the extremely high level of splintered ownership",
    "gold_effect": "it will not approach the 20% royalty interest that could be earned off a well",
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    "input": "Additionally, becoming a preferred vendor with global system integrators gives Okta a much larger sales reach, including the ability to expand its international footprint.",
    "output": "[Cause] becoming a preferred vendor with global system integrators [Relation] enable [Effect] gives Okta a much larger sales reach, including the ability to expand its international footprint",
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    "pred_cause": "becoming a preferred vendor with global system integrators",
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    "gold_cause": "becoming a preferred vendor with global system integrators",
    "gold_effect": "larger sales reach",
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    "input": "Further, Darden's normalized (2019) G&A expenditures, at 4.8% of system sales, clock in level with Brinker (Chili's, Maggiano's), 90 basis points ahead of Texas Roadhouse, and 200 basis points ahead of The Cheesecake Factory, resulting in structurally higher operating margins (9.2% at Darden against 5.5%, 7.8%, and 4.2%, respectively).",
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    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "Darden's normalized (2019) G&A expenditures, at 4.8% of system sales, clock in level with Brinker, ahead of Texas Roadhouse and The Cheesecake Factory",
    "pred_effect": "resulting in structurally higher operating margins at Darden compared to Brinker, Texas Roadhouse, and The Cheesecake Factory",
    "gold_cause": "Darden's normalized (2019) G&A expenditures, at 4.8% of system sales",
    "gold_effect": "structurally higher operating margins",
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  {
    "input": "Our 16.5% midcycle assumption represents a 80-basis-point expansion compared with the 10-year median due to the increasing mix of software-oriented technologies in Aptiv's product portfolio.",
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    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "the increasing mix of software-oriented technologies in Aptiv's product portfolio",
    "pred_effect": "represents a 80-basis-point expansion compared with the 10-year median",
    "gold_cause": "the increasing mix of software-oriented technologies in Aptiv's product portfolio",
    "gold_effect": "Our 16.5% midcycle assumption represents a 80-basis-point expansion compared with the 10-year median",
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  {
    "input": "Fee margins in wealth management should remain under pressure as competition heats up and the high transactional revenue booked during 2020 moderates.",
    "output": "[Cause] competition heats up and the high transactional revenue booked during 2020 moderates [Relation] cause [Effect] Fee margins in wealth management should remain under pressure",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "competition heats up and the high transactional revenue booked during 2020 moderates",
    "pred_effect": "Fee margins in wealth management should remain under pressure",
    "gold_cause": "the high transactional revenue booked during 2020 moderates",
    "gold_effect": "Fee margins in wealth management should remain under pressure",
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  {
    "input": "Still, there has been very minimal industry supply additions this decade that should support solid industry Strip occupancy, which stood at around 90% in 2019.",
    "output": "[Cause] very minimal industry supply additions this decade [Relation] cause [Effect] support solid industry Strip occupancy",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "very minimal industry supply additions this decade",
    "pred_effect": "support solid industry Strip occupancy",
    "gold_cause": "there has been very minimal industry supply additions this decade",
    "gold_effect": "support solid industry Strip occupancy",
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  {
    "input": "It was believed that having the first-mover advantage with these types of products would allow the firm to generate additional revenue from licensing fees for an extended time.",
    "output": "[Cause] having the first-mover advantage with these types of products [Relation] enable [Effect] the firm to generate additional revenue from licensing fees for an extended time",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "having the first-mover advantage with these types of products",
    "pred_effect": "the firm to generate additional revenue from licensing fees for an extended time",
    "gold_cause": "having the first-mover advantage with these types of products",
    "gold_effect": "allow the firm to generate additional revenue from licensing fees for an extended time",
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    "input": "However, we believe supply chain disruptions and staffing issues due to COVID-19 will make it difficult for HEI to fully execute its utility investment plan.",
    "output": "[Cause] supply chain disruptions and staffing issues due to COVID-19 [Relation] hinder [Effect] difficult for HEI to fully execute its utility investment plan",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "supply chain disruptions and staffing issues due to COVID-19",
    "pred_effect": "difficult for HEI to fully execute its utility investment plan",
    "gold_cause": "COVID-19",
    "gold_effect": "HEI to fully execute its utility investment plan",
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  {
    "input": "Work stoppages or other supply problems at these suppliers could disrupt Winnebago's supply chain and hurt its ability to meet dealer orders.",
    "output": "[Cause] Work stoppages or other supply problems at these suppliers [Relation] cause [Effect] disrupt Winnebago's supply chain and hurt its ability to meet dealer orders",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "Work stoppages or other supply problems at these suppliers",
    "pred_effect": "disrupt Winnebago's supply chain and hurt its ability to meet dealer orders",
    "gold_cause": "Work stoppages or other supply problems",
    "gold_effect": "disrupt Winnebago's supply chain and hurt its ability to meet dealer orders",
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    "tag": "substr_valid",
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  {
    "input": "The firm is a large aerostructure provider for both Boeing and Airbus, and the firm makes nearly all of its revenue on the original production of aircraft because there are not material aftermarket servicing opportunities for aerostructures.",
    "output": "[Cause] there are not material aftermarket servicing opportunities for aerostructures [Relation] cause [Effect] the firm makes nearly all of its revenue on the original production of aircraft",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "there are not material aftermarket servicing opportunities for aerostructures",
    "pred_effect": "the firm makes nearly all of its revenue on the original production of aircraft",
    "gold_cause": "there are not material aftermarket servicing opportunities for aerostructures",
    "gold_effect": "The firm is a large aerostructure provider for both Boeing and Airbus, and the firm makes nearly all of its revenue on the original production of aircraft",
    "cause_substr": true,
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  {
    "input": "As a result of our revenue and SG&A forecast, we project operating margins reaching 29.6% in 2029 from 28.6% in 2019 and 2029 EBI growth of 8%.",
    "output": "[Cause] revenue and SG&A forecast [Relation] cause [Effect] operating margins reaching 29.6% in 2029 from 28.6% in 2019 and 2029 EBI growth of 8%",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "revenue and SG&A forecast",
    "pred_effect": "operating margins reaching 29.6% in 2029 from 28.6% in 2019 and 2029 EBI growth of 8%",
    "gold_cause": "our revenue and SG&A forecast",
    "gold_effect": "operating margins reaching 29.6% in 2029 from 28.6% in 2019 and 2029 EBI growth of 8%",
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    "cosine": 1.4896479845046997,
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  {
    "input": "Indeed, the most significant headwind that could cause a material deterioration of earnings in the coming years would be reduced steel pricing due to an exacerbation of global overcapacity, as a function of increasing global production capacity and stagnant demand.",
    "output": "[Cause] increasing global production capacity and stagnant demand [Relation] cause [Effect] reduced steel pricing",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "increasing global production capacity and stagnant demand",
    "pred_effect": "reduced steel pricing",
    "gold_cause": "a function of increasing global production capacity and stagnant demand",
    "gold_effect": "reduced steel pricing",
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    "cause_excess_count": 3,
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    "tag": "substr_valid",
    "cosine": 1.4854497909545898,
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  {
    "input": "Indeed, the most significant headwind that could cause a material deterioration of earnings in the coming years would be reduced steel pricing due to an exacerbation of global overcapacity, as a function of increasing global production capacity and stagnant demand.",
    "output": "[Cause] reduced steel pricing due to an exacerbation of global overcapacity, as a function of increasing global production capacity and stagnant demand [Relation] cause [Effect] a material deterioration of earnings in the coming years",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "reduced steel pricing due to an exacerbation of global overcapacity, as a function of increasing global production capacity and stagnant demand",
    "pred_effect": "a material deterioration of earnings in the coming years",
    "gold_cause": "reduced steel pricing",
    "gold_effect": "the most significant headwind that could cause a material deterioration of earnings in the coming years",
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    "cause_excess_count": 18,
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  {
    "input": "Also, foreign exchange exposure could prove unpredictable as the firm grows internationally, making sales uncertain, although this risk has partially subsided with the exit of the Mexico business.",
    "output": "[Cause] the firm grows internationally [Relation] enable [Effect] foreign exchange exposure could prove unpredictable as the firm grows internationally, making sales uncertain",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "the firm grows internationally",
    "pred_effect": "foreign exchange exposure could prove unpredictable as the firm grows internationally, making sales uncertain",
    "gold_cause": "the firm grows internationally, making sales uncertain",
    "gold_effect": "foreign exchange exposure could prove unpredictable",
    "cause_substr": true,
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    "cause_excess_count": 4,
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  {
    "input": "Revenue fell 13% in 2020 on fewer carloads, falling fuel surcharges, and mix headwinds, but we suspect core pricing remained ahead of cost inflation and top-line declines moderated in the second half.",
    "output": "[Cause] fewer carloads, falling fuel surcharges, and mix headwinds [Relation] cause [Effect] Revenue fell 13% in 2020",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "fewer carloads, falling fuel surcharges, and mix headwinds",
    "pred_effect": "Revenue fell 13% in 2020",
    "gold_cause": "fewer carloads, falling fuel surcharges, and mix headwinds",
    "gold_effect": "Revenue fell 13% in 202",
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  {
    "input": "We expect Mattel to produce further adjusted operating margin expansion in 2021 (we model an 11% margin), helped by the execution of its $250 million cost-saving program.",
    "output": "[Cause] the execution of its $250 million cost-saving program [Relation] enable [Effect] Mattel to produce further adjusted operating margin expansion in 2021",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "the execution of its $250 million cost-saving program",
    "pred_effect": "Mattel to produce further adjusted operating margin expansion in 2021",
    "gold_cause": "by the execution of its $250 million cost-saving program",
    "gold_effect": "Mattel to produce further adjusted operating margin expansion in 2021 (we model an 11% margin)",
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  {
    "input": "Increased time spent on WeChat and mobile QQ has attracted third-party content creators (online games and media) and merchants, which is helping to improve and lengthen user experiences.",
    "output": "[Cause] Increased time spent on WeChat and mobile QQ [Relation] cause [Effect] Attracted third-party content creators (online games and media) and merchants",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "Increased time spent on WeChat and mobile QQ",
    "pred_effect": "Attracted third-party content creators (online games and media) and merchants",
    "gold_cause": "Increased time spent on WeChat and mobile QQ",
    "gold_effect": "attracted third-party content creators (online games and media) and merchants",
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  {
    "input": "We believe the biggest risk is a slowdown in the real estate market, which could be indicated by increased home inventories for sale, slower growth in prices, or higher mortgage interest rates.",
    "output": "[Cause] a slowdown in the real estate market [Relation] indicate [Effect] increased home inventories for sale, slower growth in prices, or higher mortgage interest rates",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "a slowdown in the real estate market",
    "pred_effect": "increased home inventories for sale, slower growth in prices, or higher mortgage interest rates",
    "gold_cause": "We believe the biggest risk is a slowdown in the real estate market",
    "gold_effect": "could be indicated by increased home inventories for sale, slower growth in prices, or higher mortgage interest rates.",
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    "cause_excess_count": 6,
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  {
    "input": "We expect the revcovery to be fairly steady, and 2022 could also be an above-average year as global travel recovers.",
    "output": "[Cause] global travel recovers [Relation] enable [Effect] 2022 could also be an above-average year",
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    "pred_cause": "global travel recovers",
    "pred_effect": "2022 could also be an above-average year",
    "gold_cause": "global travel recovers",
    "gold_effect": "the revcovery to be fairly steady, and 2022 could also be an above-average year",
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  {
    "input": "This shifting of inventory to the distributor reduces the need for WBA to maintain central distribution centers, which significantly lowers overhead expense.",
    "output": "[Cause] shifting of inventory to the distributor [Relation] cause [Effect] reduces the need for WBA to maintain central distribution centers",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "shifting of inventory to the distributor",
    "pred_effect": "reduces the need for WBA to maintain central distribution centers",
    "gold_cause": "This shifting of inventory to the distributor",
    "gold_effect": "reduces the need for WBA to maintain central distribution centers, which significantly lowers overhead expense",
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    "cause_excess_count": 1,
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    "cosine": 1.4649026989936829,
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  {
    "input": "We are more comfortable with acquisitions in the security sector as we believe the firm can better leverage its business telecom relationships and can bundle these products with its other IT and telecom offerings.",
    "output": "[Cause] believe the firm can better leverage its business telecom relationships and can bundle these products with its other IT and telecom offerings [Relation] enable [Effect] more comfortable with acquisitions in the security sector",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "believe the firm can better leverage its business telecom relationships and can bundle these products with its other IT and telecom offerings",
    "pred_effect": "more comfortable with acquisitions in the security sector",
    "gold_cause": "we believe the firm can better leverage its business telecom relationships and can bundle these products with its other IT and telecom offerings",
    "gold_effect": "We are more comfortable with acquisitions in the security sector",
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    "cosine": 1.4495564103126526,
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  {
    "input": "With the impact of COVID-19 and discontinuation of the goods segment, we expect Groupon revenue to decline at an average rate of 15% in 2020-24.",
    "output": "[Cause] the impact of COVID-19 and discontinuation of the goods segment [Relation] cause [Effect] Groupon revenue to decline at an average rate of 15% in 2020-24",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "the impact of COVID-19 and discontinuation of the goods segment",
    "pred_effect": "Groupon revenue to decline at an average rate of 15% in 2020-24",
    "gold_cause": "the impact of COVID-19 and discontinuation of the goods segment",
    "gold_effect": "we expect Groupon revenue to decline at an average rate of 15% in 2020-24",
    "cause_substr": true,
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  {
    "input": "While we believe Kingfisher's new strategy will better cater to customer needs and slightly improve margins from fiscal 2019-20 levels, we do not expect the implementation to immediately translate into significant market share gains in France or the U.K., given the highly competitive market with online and traditional players.",
    "output": "[Cause] highly competitive market with online and traditional players [Relation] prevent [Effect] do not expect the implementation to immediately translate into significant market share gains in France or the U.K.",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "highly competitive market with online and traditional players",
    "pred_effect": "do not expect the implementation to immediately translate into significant market share gains in France or the U.K.",
    "gold_cause": "given the highly competitive market with online and traditional players",
    "gold_effect": "we do not expect the implementation to immediately translate into significant market share gains in France or the U.K.",
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    "cause_excess_count": 2,
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  {
    "input": "Costs to the tower provider are mostly fixed per tower, meaning costs to operate a tower are virtually the same whether a tower has one tenant or several tenants.",
    "output": "[Cause] Costs to the tower provider are mostly fixed per tower [Relation] cause [Effect] costs to operate a tower are virtually the same whether a tower has one tenant or several tenants",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "Costs to the tower provider are mostly fixed per tower",
    "pred_effect": "costs to operate a tower are virtually the same whether a tower has one tenant or several tenants",
    "gold_cause": "Costs to the tower provider are mostly fixed per tower",
    "gold_effect": "costs to operate a tower are virtually the same",
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    "cause_excess_count": 0,
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    "cosine": 1.4573423862457275,
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  {
    "input": "For 2021, we expect total revenue to rise 16% as heightened retailer restocking drives strong demand across all segments throughout the first half, and as intermodal network inefficiencies subside.",
    "output": "[Cause] heightened retailer restocking drives strong demand across all segments throughout the first half, and as intermodal network inefficiencies subside [Relation] enable [Effect] total revenue to rise 16%",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "heightened retailer restocking drives strong demand across all segments throughout the first half, and as intermodal network inefficiencies subside",
    "pred_effect": "total revenue to rise 16%",
    "gold_cause": "heightened retailer restocking drives strong demand across all segments throughout the first half, and as intermodal network inefficiencies subside",
    "gold_effect": "For 2021, we expect total revenue to rise 16%",
    "cause_substr": true,
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  {
    "input": "Sensata's sensors are interwoven into crucial systems in end products, and flawless execution in these applications creates sticky customer relationships that lead to enduring economic profits.",
    "output": "[Cause] flawless execution in these applications [Relation] cause [Effect] creates sticky customer relationships that lead to enduring economic profits",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "flawless execution in these applications",
    "pred_effect": "creates sticky customer relationships that lead to enduring economic profits",
    "gold_cause": "Sensata's sensors are interwoven into crucial systems in end products, and flawless execution in these applications creates sticky customer relationships",
    "gold_effect": "enduring economic profits",
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    "cause_excess_count": 15,
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  {
    "input": "The lack of pipeline capacity means that the Conway hub (home of at least 500,000 bp/d of fractionation capacity) cannot make up for the fractionation constraints at Mont Belvieu.",
    "output": "[Cause] The lack of pipeline capacity [Relation] prevent [Effect] The Conway hub cannot make up for the fractionation constraints at Mont Belvieu",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "The lack of pipeline capacity",
    "pred_effect": "The Conway hub cannot make up for the fractionation constraints at Mont Belvieu",
    "gold_cause": "The lack of pipeline capacity means that the Conway hub (home of at least 500,000 bp/d of fractionation capacity)",
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  {
    "input": "Given the difficulty in determining every company's exact fiber footprint, we have to rely on results and returns on capital, in aggregate, to determine whether Uniti is truly operating with an efficient scale advantage in this segment.",
    "output": "[Cause] Given the difficulty in determining every company's exact fiber footprint [Relation] cause [Effect] rely on results and returns on capital, in aggregate, to determine whether Uniti is truly operating with an efficient scale advantage in this segment",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "Given the difficulty in determining every company's exact fiber footprint",
    "pred_effect": "rely on results and returns on capital, in aggregate, to determine whether Uniti is truly operating with an efficient scale advantage in this segment",
    "gold_cause": "the difficulty in determining every company's exact fiber footprint",
    "gold_effect": "we have to rely on results and returns on capital, in aggregate, to determine whether Uniti is truly operating with an efficient scale advantage in this segment",
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  {
    "input": "We expect distribution growth to slow in the near term as energy market conditions are challenging and the partnership finishes its large organic growth projects.",
    "output": "[Cause] energy market conditions are challenging and the partnership finishes its large organic growth projects [Relation] cause [Effect] distribution growth to slow in the near term",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "energy market conditions are challenging and the partnership finishes its large organic growth projects",
    "pred_effect": "distribution growth to slow in the near term",
    "gold_cause": "energy market conditions are challenging and the partnership finishes its large organic growth projects",
    "gold_effect": "distribution growth to slow",
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  {
    "input": "We expect the firm to focus on cross-selling efforts between the distinct sets of Littelfuse and IXYS customers to grow circuit protection content, and for the firm to extract market share gains in power semiconductors by targeting the industrial and charging infrastructure markets.",
    "output": "[Cause] focus on cross-selling efforts between the distinct sets of Littelfuse and IXYS customers [Relation] enable [Effect] grow circuit protection content",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "focus on cross-selling efforts between the distinct sets of Littelfuse and IXYS customers",
    "pred_effect": "grow circuit protection content",
    "gold_cause": "the firm to focus on cross-selling efforts between the distinct sets of Littelfuse and IXYS customers",
    "gold_effect": "grow circuit protection content",
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  {
    "input": "We think margin expansion is reasonable as management has implemented several cost-reduction initiatives during the pandemic that it intends to continue over the next cycle.",
    "output": "[Cause] management has implemented several cost-reduction initiatives during the pandemic [Relation] cause [Effect] margin expansion is reasonable",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "management has implemented several cost-reduction initiatives during the pandemic",
    "pred_effect": "margin expansion is reasonable",
    "gold_cause": "management has implemented several cost-reduction initiatives during the pandemic",
    "gold_effect": "margin expansion",
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  {
    "input": "Modern missiles are integrated with advanced targeting technology, and an improperly functioning missile could cause civilian or allied soldier casualties.",
    "output": "[Cause] improperly functioning missile [Relation] cause [Effect] cause civilian or allied soldier casualties",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "improperly functioning missile",
    "pred_effect": "cause civilian or allied soldier casualties",
    "gold_cause": "Modern missiles are integrated with advanced targeting technology, and an improperly functioning missile",
    "gold_effect": "civilian or allied soldier casualties",
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    "cause_excess_count": 10,
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  {
    "input": "KeyCorp was hurt during the financial crisis largely because of its ventures into higher-risk commercial real estate lending in out-of-footprint states.",
    "output": "[Cause] ventures into higher-risk commercial real estate lending in out-of-footprint states [Relation] cause [Effect] KeyCorp was hurt during the financial crisis",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "ventures into higher-risk commercial real estate lending in out-of-footprint states",
    "pred_effect": "KeyCorp was hurt during the financial crisis",
    "gold_cause": "its ventures into higher-risk commercial real estate lending in out-of-footprint states",
    "gold_effect": "KeyCorp was hurt during the financial crisis largely",
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  {
    "input": "We project operating margins to reach 13% before moderating to our nearly 12% midcycle assumption, as we assume customers will increasingly adopt higher-margin fuel-efficient engines.",
    "output": "[Cause] customers will increasingly adopt higher-margin fuel-efficient engines [Relation] cause [Effect] operating margins to reach 13% before moderating to our nearly 12% midcycle assumption",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "customers will increasingly adopt higher-margin fuel-efficient engines",
    "pred_effect": "operating margins to reach 13% before moderating to our nearly 12% midcycle assumption",
    "gold_cause": "we assume customers will increasingly adopt higher-margin fuel-efficient engines",
    "gold_effect": "We project operating margins to reach 13% before moderating to our nearly 12% midcycle assumption",
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  {
    "input": "Rewriting software to run on a different architecture is a considerable hurdle that we think will stifle ARM inertia in the coming years.",
    "output": "[Cause] Rewriting software to run on a different architecture [Relation] prevent [Effect] stifle ARM inertia in the coming years",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "Rewriting software to run on a different architecture",
    "pred_effect": "stifle ARM inertia in the coming years",
    "gold_cause": "Rewriting software to run on a different architecture",
    "gold_effect": "ARM inertia",
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    "cosine": 1.461371898651123,
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  {
    "input": "Through its 2012 acquisition of Dako, Agilent enjoys a top-tier position in the anatomical pathology market for tissue-based cancer diagnostics, making it a major player with top-tier diagnostic firms Roche and Danaher.",
    "output": "[Cause] 2012 acquisition of Dako [Relation] enable [Effect] Agilent enjoys a top-tier position in the anatomical pathology market for tissue-based cancer diagnostics, making it a major player with top-tier diagnostic firms Roche and Danaher",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "2012 acquisition of Dako",
    "pred_effect": "Agilent enjoys a top-tier position in the anatomical pathology market for tissue-based cancer diagnostics, making it a major player with top-tier diagnostic firms Roche and Danaher",
    "gold_cause": "its 2012 acquisition of Dako",
    "gold_effect": "Agilent enjoys a top-tier position in the anatomical pathology market for tissue-based cancer diagnostics",
    "cause_substr": true,
    "effect_substr": true,
    "cause_excess_count": 1,
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    "cosine": 1.4541226625442505,
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  {
    "input": "Other internal catalysts for top-line growth could come from the firm's efficient supply chain, improved merchandising technology, and penetration of adjacent customer product segments, bolstered by the pending acquisition of HD Supply.",
    "output": "[Cause] the firm's efficient supply chain, improved merchandising technology, and penetration of adjacent customer product segments, bolstered by the pending acquisition of HD Supply. [Relation] enable [Effect] Other internal catalysts for top-line growth",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "the firm's efficient supply chain, improved merchandising technology, and penetration of adjacent customer product segments, bolstered by the pending acquisition of HD Supply.",
    "pred_effect": "Other internal catalysts for top-line growth",
    "gold_cause": "the firm's efficient supply chain",
    "gold_effect": "Other internal catalysts for top-line growth",
    "cause_substr": true,
    "effect_substr": true,
    "cause_excess_count": 19,
    "effect_excess_count": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "substr_invalid",
    "cosine": 1.3076756596565247,
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  {
    "input": "Our uncertainty rating for Grubhub is very high, as the firm is in a crowded space with competition from both larger and smaller companies.",
    "output": "[Cause] competition from both larger and smaller companies [Relation] cause [Effect] uncertainty rating for Grubhub is very high",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "competition from both larger and smaller companies",
    "pred_effect": "uncertainty rating for Grubhub is very high",
    "gold_cause": "the firm is in a crowded space with competition from both larger and smaller companies",
    "gold_effect": "Our uncertainty rating for Grubhub is very high",
    "cause_substr": true,
    "effect_substr": true,
    "cause_excess_count": 8,
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    "tag": "substr_invalid",
    "cosine": 1.4576848149299622,
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  {
    "input": "We suspect the familiarity of the brand and knowledge of the employee base keep the business in the forefront of consumers' minds as the premier choice for home improvement needs.",
    "output": "[Cause] familiarity of the brand and knowledge of the employee base [Relation] enable [Effect] keep the business in the forefront of consumers' minds as the premier choice for home improvement needs",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "familiarity of the brand and knowledge of the employee base",
    "pred_effect": "keep the business in the forefront of consumers' minds as the premier choice for home improvement needs",
    "gold_cause": "the familiarity of the brand and knowledge of the employee base",
    "gold_effect": "keep the business in the forefront of consumers' minds as the premier choice for home improvement needs",
    "cause_substr": true,
    "effect_substr": true,
    "cause_excess_count": 1,
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    "tag": "substr_valid",
    "cosine": 1.4962287545204163,
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  {
    "input": "Although the present environment poses unique challenges, the off-price sector has performed well in such situations historically (Ross and TJX saw low- to mid-single-digit percentage comparable growth in 2008-09), and we expect Burlington to exit the crisis in better shape than full-price retailers.",
    "output": "[Cause] the off-price sector has performed well in such situations historically (Ross and TJX saw low- to mid-single-digit percentage comparable growth in 2008-09) [Relation] cause [Effect] we expect Burlington to exit the crisis in better shape than full-price retailers",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "the off-price sector has performed well in such situations historically (Ross and TJX saw low- to mid-single-digit percentage comparable growth in 2008-09)",
    "pred_effect": "we expect Burlington to exit the crisis in better shape than full-price retailers",
    "gold_cause": "the off-price sector has performed well in such situations historically",
    "gold_effect": "Burlington to exit the crisis in better shape than full-price retailers",
    "cause_substr": true,
    "effect_substr": true,
    "cause_excess_count": 12,
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    "valid": true,
    "tag": "substr_valid",
    "cosine": 1.4120231866836548,
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  {
    "input": "In 2019, PBMs represented 2.5% of the global ground meat market, and we expect penetration into the meat category to be robust the next several years, as restaurants and retailers across the globe offer the new meat-like products.",
    "output": "[Cause] restaurants and retailers across the globe offer the new meat-like products [Relation] enable [Effect] PBMs expect penetration into the meat category to be robust the next several years",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "restaurants and retailers across the globe offer the new meat-like products",
    "pred_effect": "PBMs expect penetration into the meat category to be robust the next several years",
    "gold_cause": "restaurants and retailers across the globe offer the new meat-like products",
    "gold_effect": "penetration into the meat category to be robust the next several years",
    "cause_substr": true,
    "effect_substr": true,
    "cause_excess_count": 0,
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    "valid": true,
    "tag": "substr_valid",
    "cosine": 1.3397955894470215,
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  {
    "input": "Benefiting from a cost advantage and protected by intangible assets, aggregates and cement companies tend to enjoy significant pricing power.",
    "output": "[Cause] Benefiting from a cost advantage and protected by intangible assets [Relation] cause [Effect] aggregates and cement companies tend to enjoy significant pricing power",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "Benefiting from a cost advantage and protected by intangible assets",
    "pred_effect": "aggregates and cement companies tend to enjoy significant pricing power",
    "gold_cause": "a cost advantage and protected by intangible assets",
    "gold_effect": "aggregates and cement companies tend to enjoy significant pricing power",
    "cause_substr": true,
    "effect_substr": true,
    "cause_excess_count": 2,
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    "valid": true,
    "tag": "substr_valid",
    "cosine": 1.4884381294250488,
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  {
    "input": "We think Aon will enjoy a mix of tailwinds and headwinds in the near term, but the impact of the coronavirus has been a modest weight on near-term results.",
    "output": "[Cause] the impact of the coronavirus [Relation] cause [Effect] a modest weight on near-term results",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "the impact of the coronavirus",
    "pred_effect": "a modest weight on near-term results",
    "gold_cause": "the impact of the coronavirus",
    "gold_effect": "has been a modest weight on near-term results",
    "cause_substr": true,
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    "cause_excess_count": 0,
    "effect_excess_count": 2,
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    "cosine": 1.4082708358764648,
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  {
    "input": "We're projecting deliveries reaching roughly 2019 levels in 2024 and substantial negative operating leverage in the near-term due to the COVID-19 pandemic.",
    "output": "[Cause] the COVID-19 pandemic [Relation] cause [Effect] substantial negative operating leverage in the near-term",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "the COVID-19 pandemic",
    "pred_effect": "substantial negative operating leverage in the near-term",
    "gold_cause": "the COVID-19 pandemic",
    "gold_effect": "deliveries reaching roughly 2019 levels in 2024 and substantial negative operating leverage in the near-term",
    "cause_substr": true,
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    "cause_excess_count": 0,
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    "cosine": 1.3279160261154175,
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  {
    "input": "By concentrating purchases, Five Below becomes more valuable to its vendors while ensuring the volume needed to hold per-item shipping and logistics costs down, creating further fuel to feed the chain's value-oriented message.",
    "output": "[Cause] concentrating purchases [Relation] enable [Effect] Five Below becomes more valuable to its vendors, ensuring the volume needed to hold per-item shipping and logistics costs down, creating further fuel to feed the chain's value-oriented message",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "concentrating purchases",
    "pred_effect": "Five Below becomes more valuable to its vendors, ensuring the volume needed to hold per-item shipping and logistics costs down, creating further fuel to feed the chain's value-oriented message",
    "gold_cause": "concentrating purchases",
    "gold_effect": "Five Below becomes more valuable to its vendors",
    "cause_substr": true,
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    "cause_excess_count": 0,
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    "cosine": 1.395465612411499,
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  {
    "input": "Caterpillar focuses on providing the lowest total cost of ownership, so the robust service Caterpillar can offer its customers is a source of competitive strength.",
    "output": "[Cause] Caterpillar focuses on providing the lowest total cost of ownership [Relation] enable [Effect] robust service Caterpillar can offer its customers is a source of competitive strength",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "Caterpillar focuses on providing the lowest total cost of ownership",
    "pred_effect": "robust service Caterpillar can offer its customers is a source of competitive strength",
    "gold_cause": "Caterpillar focuses on providing the lowest total cost of ownership",
    "gold_effect": "the robust service Caterpillar can offer its customers is a source of competitive strength",
    "cause_substr": true,
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    "tag": "substr_valid",
    "cosine": 1.467418909072876,
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  {
    "input": "These firms present a new wave of merger opportunities for the industry consolidators, including Diageo, to strengthen their presence in developing markets.",
    "output": "[Cause] new wave of merger opportunities for the industry consolidators [Relation] enable [Effect] strengthen their presence in developing markets",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "new wave of merger opportunities for the industry consolidators",
    "pred_effect": "strengthen their presence in developing markets",
    "gold_cause": "These firms present a new wave of merger opportunities for the industry consolidators, including Diageo",
    "gold_effect": "their presence in developing markets",
    "cause_substr": true,
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    "cause_excess_count": 7,
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  {
    "input": "Although tobacco companies spend roughly $10 billion in marketing in the U.S., roughly two-thirds is spent on price discounts to reduce the cost of cigarettes to consumers.",
    "output": "[Cause] tobacco companies spend roughly $10 billion in marketing in the U.S. [Relation] cause [Effect] two-thirds is spent on price discounts to reduce the cost of cigarettes to consumers",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "tobacco companies spend roughly $10 billion in marketing in the U.S.",
    "pred_effect": "two-thirds is spent on price discounts to reduce the cost of cigarettes to consumers",
    "gold_cause": "tobacco companies spend roughly $10 billion in marketing in the U.S., roughly two-thirds is spent on price discounts",
    "gold_effect": "reduce the cost of cigarettes to consumers",
    "cause_substr": true,
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    "cause_excess_count": 8,
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    "cosine": 1.4414951801300049,
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  {
    "input": "Previously undiscovered soil and ground water contamination on operating sites could lead to material fines or other penalties in the future.",
    "output": "[Cause] Previously undiscovered soil and groundwater contamination on operating sites [Relation] cause [Effect] could lead to material fines or other penalties in the future",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "Previously undiscovered soil and groundwater contamination on operating sites",
    "pred_effect": "could lead to material fines or other penalties in the future",
    "gold_cause": "undiscovered soil and ground water contamination on operating sites",
    "gold_effect": "material fines or other penalties in the future",
    "cause_substr": true,
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    "cause_excess_count": 9,
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    "tag": "substr_valid",
    "cosine": 1.424846887588501,
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  {
    "input": "With the majority of its linerboard and medium constructed from virgin fiber, WestRock faces the risk that softwood chip prices could increase substantially, forcing virgin fiber manufacturers to live with tighter margins to remain cost-competitive with recycled manufacturers.",
    "output": "[Cause] softwood chip prices could increase substantially [Relation] cause [Effect] forcing virgin fiber manufacturers to live with tighter margins to remain cost-competitive with recycled manufacturers",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "softwood chip prices could increase substantially",
    "pred_effect": "forcing virgin fiber manufacturers to live with tighter margins to remain cost-competitive with recycled manufacturers",
    "gold_cause": "WestRock faces the risk that softwood chip prices could increase substantially",
    "gold_effect": "virgin fiber manufacturers to live with tighter margins",
    "cause_substr": true,
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    "cause_excess_count": 5,
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    "cosine": 1.3665725588798523,
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  {
    "input": "This adds another layer of risk if the firm markets improperly to new audiences in new markets, which could have significantly different consumption preferences than.",
    "output": "[Cause] the firm markets improperly to new audiences in new markets [Relation] cause [Effect] adds another layer of risk",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "the firm markets improperly to new audiences in new markets",
    "pred_effect": "adds another layer of risk",
    "gold_cause": "the firm markets improperly to new audiences in new markets",
    "gold_effect": "This adds another layer of risk",
    "cause_substr": true,
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    "cause_excess_count": 0,
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    "cosine": 1.4936306476593018,
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  {
    "input": "While we continue to expect strong growth through 2021 due to the ongoing COVID-19 crisis, we also assume Qiagen's results return to more normalized levels beyond that.",
    "output": "[Cause] ongoing COVID-19 crisis [Relation] enable [Effect] strong growth through 2021",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "ongoing COVID-19 crisis",
    "pred_effect": "strong growth through 2021",
    "gold_cause": "the ongoing COVID-19 crisis",
    "gold_effect": "strong growth",
    "cause_substr": true,
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    "cause_excess_count": 1,
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    "tag": "substr_valid",
    "cosine": 1.4146054983139038,
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  {
    "input": "In addition, with operations in Egypt and a production-sharing contract with the Egyptian government, the company is exposed to geopolitical risk in the Middle East.",
    "output": "[Cause] operations in Egypt and a production-sharing contract with the Egyptian government [Relation] cause [Effect] exposed to geopolitical risk in the Middle East",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "operations in Egypt and a production-sharing contract with the Egyptian government",
    "pred_effect": "exposed to geopolitical risk in the Middle East",
    "gold_cause": "operations in Egypt and a production-sharing contract with the Egyptian government",
    "gold_effect": "the company is exposed to geopolitical risk in the Middle East",
    "cause_substr": true,
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    "cause_excess_count": 0,
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    "cosine": 1.4454102516174316,
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  {
    "input": "We assume earned premiums increase at a fairly modest 2% organic compound annual growth rate over our projection period, as we expect recent price increases to fade and potentially reverse.",
    "output": "[Cause] recent price increases to fade and potentially reverse [Relation] cause [Effect] earned premiums increase at a fairly modest 2% organic compound annual growth rate over our projection period",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "recent price increases to fade and potentially reverse",
    "pred_effect": "earned premiums increase at a fairly modest 2% organic compound annual growth rate over our projection period",
    "gold_cause": "we expect recent price increases to fade and potentially reverse",
    "gold_effect": "earned premiums increase at a fairly modest 2% organic compound annual growth rate over our projection period",
    "cause_substr": true,
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    "cosine": 1.487064242362976,
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  {
    "input": "With its broad domestic manufacturing and distribution network, we posit that Campbell operates with lower unit and distribution costs, as well as greater supply chain efficiency and an enhanced ability to leverage brand spending, than smaller peers.",
    "output": "[Cause] broad domestic manufacturing and distribution network [Relation] enable [Effect] Campbell operates with lower unit and distribution costs, greater supply chain efficiency, and enhanced ability to leverage brand spending",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "broad domestic manufacturing and distribution network",
    "pred_effect": "Campbell operates with lower unit and distribution costs, greater supply chain efficiency, and enhanced ability to leverage brand spending",
    "gold_cause": "its broad domestic manufacturing and distribution network",
    "gold_effect": "greater supply chain efficiency",
    "cause_substr": true,
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    "cause_excess_count": 1,
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  {
    "input": "We forecast revenue will rebound about 25% in 2021 as the parks business bounces back and the delayed Olympics helps fuel a resurgence in ad sales.",
    "output": "[Cause] the parks business bounces back and the delayed Olympics helps fuel a resurgence in ad sales [Relation] cause [Effect] revenue will rebound about 25% in 2021",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "the parks business bounces back and the delayed Olympics helps fuel a resurgence in ad sales",
    "pred_effect": "revenue will rebound about 25% in 2021",
    "gold_cause": "the parks business bounces back and the delayed Olympics",
    "gold_effect": "revenue will rebound about 25% in 2021",
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  {
    "input": "We expect Symphony's business to grow in the mid-single digits in 2022 and beyond, resulting in 2024 revenue of about $330 million.",
    "output": "[Cause] We expect Symphony's business to grow in the mid-single digits in 2022 and beyond [Relation] cause [Effect] resulting in 2024 revenue of about $330 million",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "We expect Symphony's business to grow in the mid-single digits in 2022 and beyond",
    "pred_effect": "resulting in 2024 revenue of about $330 million",
    "gold_cause": "Symphony's business to grow in the mid-single digits in 2022 and beyond",
    "gold_effect": "2024 revenue of about $330 million",
    "cause_substr": true,
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  {
    "input": "With equity and credit markets likely to remain volatile the next several years, we expect Federated to generate negative 0.9% organic long-term AUM growth on average during 2021-25.",
    "output": "[Cause] equity and credit markets likely to remain volatile the next several years [Relation] cause [Effect] Federated to generate negative 0.9% organic long-term AUM growth on average during 2021-25",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "equity and credit markets likely to remain volatile the next several years",
    "pred_effect": "Federated to generate negative 0.9% organic long-term AUM growth on average during 2021-25",
    "gold_cause": "With equity and credit markets likely to remain volatile the next several years",
    "gold_effect": "we expect Federated to generate negative 0.9% organic long-term AUM growth on average during 2021-25",
    "cause_substr": true,
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    "cause_excess_count": 1,
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  {
    "input": "However, ICE's origination technology revenue is likely at a cyclical high, and we expect that as origination volumes normalize, the segment will face headwinds partially offset by the underlying secular growth.",
    "output": "[Cause] origination volumes normalize [Relation] cause [Effect] the segment will face headwinds partially offset by the underlying secular growth",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "origination volumes normalize",
    "pred_effect": "the segment will face headwinds partially offset by the underlying secular growth",
    "gold_cause": "origination volumes normalize",
    "gold_effect": "the segment will face headwinds",
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  {
    "input": "We believe it was a positive that preliminary weather-adjusted sales growth is estimated to be 3% due to strong industrial growth in the Mississippi Delta and expected recovery of commercial volumes.",
    "output": "[Cause] strong industrial growth in the Mississippi Delta and expected recovery of commercial volumes [Relation] enable [Effect] preliminary weather-adjusted sales growth is estimated to be 3%",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "strong industrial growth in the Mississippi Delta and expected recovery of commercial volumes",
    "pred_effect": "preliminary weather-adjusted sales growth is estimated to be 3%",
    "gold_cause": "strong industrial growth in the Mississippi Delta and expected recovery of commercial volumes",
    "gold_effect": "it was a positive that preliminary weather-adjusted sales growth is estimated to be 3%",
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  {
    "input": "The location of a horizontal shale well plays a huge part in determining its eventual productivity and also influences the oil content of its production stream.",
    "output": "[Cause] the location of a horizontal shale well [Relation] influence [Effect] determining its eventual productivity and also influences the oil content of its production stream",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "the location of a horizontal shale well",
    "pred_effect": "determining its eventual productivity and also influences the oil content of its production stream",
    "gold_cause": "The location of a horizontal shale well",
    "gold_effect": "determining its eventual productivity and also influences the oil content of its production stream",
    "cause_substr": true,
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    "cosine": 1.4705752730369568,
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  {
    "input": "We anticipate that the top line will grow slightly below the growth rate in defense spending at midcycle because the long-cycle nature of shipbuilding generally prevents contractors from fully participating in defense budget growth.",
    "output": "[Cause] the long-cycle nature of shipbuilding generally prevents contractors from fully participating in defense budget growth [Relation] prevent [Effect] anticipate that the top line will grow slightly below the growth rate in defense spending at midcycle",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "the long-cycle nature of shipbuilding generally prevents contractors from fully participating in defense budget growth",
    "pred_effect": "anticipate that the top line will grow slightly below the growth rate in defense spending at midcycle",
    "gold_cause": "the long-cycle nature of shipbuilding generally prevents contractors from fully participating in defense budget growth",
    "gold_effect": "We anticipate that the top line will grow slightly below the growth rate in defense spending at midcycle",
    "cause_substr": true,
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    "cosine": 1.4856081008911133,
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  {
    "input": "Eversource's partnership with global offshore wind developer Orsted could result in more than $2 billion of investment during the next five years.",
    "output": "[Cause] Eversource's partnership with global offshore wind developer Orsted [Relation] enable [Effect] could result in more than $2 billion of investment during the next five years",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "Eversource's partnership with global offshore wind developer Orsted",
    "pred_effect": "could result in more than $2 billion of investment during the next five years",
    "gold_cause": "Eversource's partnership with global offshore wind developer Orsted",
    "gold_effect": "more than $2 billion of investment during the next five years",
    "cause_substr": true,
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    "cosine": 1.4556825160980225,
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  {
    "input": "This is especially true for CMC, given that the company manufactures undifferentiated long-rolled products that require little to no value-added processing.",
    "output": "[Cause] the company manufactures undifferentiated long-rolled products that require little to no value-added processing [Relation] cause [Effect] This is especially true for CMC",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "the company manufactures undifferentiated long-rolled products that require little to no value-added processing",
    "pred_effect": "This is especially true for CMC",
    "gold_cause": "the company manufactures undifferentiated long-rolled products",
    "gold_effect": "This is especially true for CMC",
    "cause_substr": true,
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    "cause_excess_count": 7,
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    "cosine": 1.4367986917495728,
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  {
    "input": "Beyond that, though, we expect operating margins to rebound and rise toward the midteens by 2025 as operations normalize and the firm wrings out some efficiencies.",
    "output": "[Cause] operations normalize and the firm wrings out some efficiencies [Relation] cause [Effect] expect operating margins to rebound and rise toward the midteens by 2025",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "operations normalize and the firm wrings out some efficiencies",
    "pred_effect": "expect operating margins to rebound and rise toward the midteens by 2025",
    "gold_cause": "operations normalize and the firm wrings out some efficiencies",
    "gold_effect": "operating margins to rebound and rise toward the midteens by 2025",
    "cause_substr": true,
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    "tag": "substr_valid",
    "cosine": 1.48336523771286,
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  {
    "input": "We think the company deserves a high uncertainty rating due to the risks associated with its drug portfolio, which has three approved drugs, Adcetris, Padcev, and Tukysa.",
    "output": "[Cause] risks associated with its drug portfolio [Relation] cause [Effect] high uncertainty rating",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "risks associated with its drug portfolio",
    "pred_effect": "high uncertainty rating",
    "gold_cause": "the risks associated with its drug portfolio",
    "gold_effect": "the company deserves a high uncertainty rating",
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    "input": "We believe that it is relatively hassle-free for enterprises to change equipment providers because equipment leases are often bundled with supplies and servicing.",
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    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "equipment leases are often bundled with supplies and servicing",
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    "gold_cause": "equipment leases are often bundled with supplies and servicing",
    "gold_effect": "it is relatively hassle-free for enterprises to change equipment providers",
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    "input": "Although we're not concerned with anti-trust issues as the analog industry is fragmented, geopolitical tensions may make it more difficult for semiconductor mergers to receive worldwide approval.",
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    "pred_cause": "geopolitical tensions",
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    "input": "The combination of lean manufacturing practices with best-cost locations provides a competitive cost advantage that supports continued economic profit generation.",
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    "input": "Further, we think overcapacity and pricing declines in reinsurance market raise the risk of poor results over the next few years.",
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    "pred_cause": "overcapacity and pricing declines in reinsurance market",
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    "input": "Strategically, we thought that sale made sense given the ongoing commodification and weak demand trends in its core dental markets.",
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    "pred_cause": "the ongoing commodification and weak demand trends in its core dental markets",
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    "input": "Exposure to Latin America, Asia, and the Middle East positions Sealed Air's food care segment to grow roughly 4%-5% in the long run.",
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    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "exposure to Latin America, Asia, and the Middle East",
    "pred_effect": "Sealed Air's food care segment to grow roughly 4%-5% in the long run",
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    "gold_effect": "Sealed Air's food care segment to grow roughly 4%-5% in the long run",
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    "input": "Risks surrounding additional waves of coronavirus cases and elongated time until an effective treatment and vaccine are widely distributed globally remain, which could delay our forecast recovery in demand.",
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    "pred_cause": "Risks surrounding additional waves of coronavirus cases and elongated time until an effective treatment and vaccine are widely distributed globally",
    "pred_effect": "could delay our forecast recovery in demand",
    "gold_cause": "Risks surrounding additional waves of coronavirus cases and elongated time until an effective treatment and vaccine are widely distributed globally remain",
    "gold_effect": "delay our forecast recovery in demand",
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    "input": "The firm made a string of ill-advised capital allocation decisions, culminating with the 2018 purchase of Time Warner, that have left it open to justified criticism.",
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    "pred_cause": "The firm made a string of ill-advised capital allocation decisions, culminating with the 2018 purchase of Time Warner",
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    "gold_effect": "have left it open to justified criticism",
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    "input": "Because the accuracy and completeness of data is critical to credit decision-making, lenders often pull from more than one credit bureau, and we do not believe pricing is the primary factor for choosing a credit bureau.",
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    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "accuracy and completeness of data is critical to credit decision-making",
    "pred_effect": "lenders often pull from more than one credit bureau",
    "gold_cause": "the accuracy and completeness of data is critical to credit decision-making",
    "gold_effect": "lenders often pull from more than one credit bureau",
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    "input": "Positively, Cigna rolled in its own PBM activities from UnitedHealth's Optum division into the legacy Express Scripts operations in 2020, which has largely replaced the lost Anthem volume.",
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    "input": "As such, during the early 1990s, the company was protected on the basis of its patent portfolio, which shielded the company from direct competition in cellulose-reinforced fibre cement products.",
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    "pred_cause": "the company was protected on the basis of its patent portfolio",
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    "gold_cause": "the company was protected",
    "gold_effect": "shielded the company from direct competition in cellulose-reinforced fibre cement products",
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    "input": "Linde's operating margin is in the mid-20s in the Americas, and we think that synergies, strong pricing, and cost actions will lead to similar levels of profitability in EMEA and APAC.",
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    "pred_cause": "synergies, strong pricing, and cost actions",
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    "input": "While the shift away from content has brought Reuters' ROICs higher, to a midcycle range of roughly 17% (adjusted), the valuation story becomes one of growth.",
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    "pred_cause": "the shift away from content has brought Reuters' ROICs higher, to a midcycle range of roughly 17% (adjusted)",
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    "input": "We anticipate elevated commercial HVAC sales for the foreseeable future driven by heightened demand for more energy-efficient systems that deliver better air quality, and we believe Trane, along with other leading HVAC companies, are well positioned to serve this growing market.",
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    "pred_cause": "heightened demand for more energy-efficient systems that deliver better air quality",
    "pred_effect": "elevated commercial HVAC sales for the foreseeable future",
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    "gold_effect": "elevated commercial HVAC sales for the foreseeable",
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  {
    "input": "Would-be entrants are fended off by the steep barrier to entry formed by the need to obtain contiguous rights of way on which to lay continuously welded steel rail spanning a significant portion of North America.",
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    "pred_cause": "the steep barrier to entry formed by the need to obtain contiguous rights of way on which to lay continuously welded steel rail spanning a significant portion of North America",
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    "gold_effect": "Would-be entrants",
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    "input": "We expect a 5% CAGR in online marketing revenue in the next five years, driven by recovery in the longer term.",
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    "pred_effect": "5% CAGR in online marketing revenue in the next five years",
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    "gold_effect": "a 5% CAGR in online marketing revenue in the next five years",
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    "input": "The asset integration prevents another third party from extracting rents by owning an asset that is part of the route to the most profitable market.",
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    "gold_cause": "The asset integration",
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    "input": "We assume that over time, a far greater portion of the nodes will be co-located on fiber the company has already deployed for small cells, leading to substantially lower spending to activate those nodes.",
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    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "a far greater portion of the nodes will be co-located on fiber the company has already deployed for small cells",
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    "gold_cause": "that over time, a far greater portion of the nodes will be co-located on fiber the company has already deployed for small cells",
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    "input": "After a very strong 2020, we expect some constraints on its margins going forward, as business operations normalize following the pandemic.",
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    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "business operations normalize following the pandemic",
    "pred_effect": "constraints on its margins going forward",
    "gold_cause": "business operations normalize following the pandemic",
    "gold_effect": "some constraints on its margins going forward",
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  {
    "input": "Management has aggressively acquired companies to expand its offerings, including the most recent merger with Sirona Dental Systems, a leader in digital dentistry equipment to expand the firm's exposure to higher margin CAD/CAM and imaging technology.",
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    "pred_cause": "Management has aggressively acquired companies to expand its offerings",
    "pred_effect": "expand the firm's exposure to higher margin CAD/CAM and imaging technology",
    "gold_cause": "Management has aggressively acquired companies to expand its offerings, including the most recent merger with Sirona Dental Systems",
    "gold_effect": "expand the firm's exposure to higher margin CAD/CAM and imaging technology",
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    "input": "As the company was already coming off a tough 2019 that included firing its CEO and the botched Old Navy spin-off, the virus could be more problematic for Gap than for some rivals.",
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    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "the company was already coming off a tough 2019 that included firing its CEO and the botched Old Navy spin-off",
    "pred_effect": "the virus could be more problematic for Gap than for some rivals",
    "gold_cause": "As the company was already coming off a tough 2019 that included firing its CEO and the botched Old Navy spin-off,",
    "gold_effect": "the virus could be more problematic for Gap than for some rivals.",
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    "input": "The company now generates about one fourth of its revenue outside North America and the U.K., which we think positions it well to increase long-term revenue and shareholder value.",
    "output": "[Cause] The company now generates about one fourth of its revenue outside North America and the U.K. [Relation] cause [Effect] positions it well to increase long-term revenue and shareholder value",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "The company now generates about one fourth of its revenue outside North America and the U.K.",
    "pred_effect": "positions it well to increase long-term revenue and shareholder value",
    "gold_cause": "generates about one fourth of its revenue",
    "gold_effect": "long-term revenue and shareholder value",
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  {
    "input": "In terms of environmental, social, and governance risks, because CN carries freight for chemical and energy end-market shippers, it is subject to the liabilities associated with hazardous material spills.",
    "output": "[Cause] CN carries freight for chemical and energy end-market shippers [Relation] cause [Effect] subject to the liabilities associated with hazardous material spills",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "CN carries freight for chemical and energy end-market shippers",
    "pred_effect": "subject to the liabilities associated with hazardous material spills",
    "gold_cause": "CN carries freight for chemical and energy end-market shippers",
    "gold_effect": "it is subject to the liabilities associated with hazardous material spills",
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  {
    "input": "Low diesel fuel prices have tempered the intermodal value proposition on certain short-haul lanes, but truck-to-rail conversions will very likely continue in the years ahead, particularly with the concerns surrounding the impact of regulatory changes on truckload industry capacity.",
    "output": "[Cause] Low diesel fuel prices [Relation] cause [Effect] tempered the intermodal value proposition on certain short-haul lanes",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "Low diesel fuel prices",
    "pred_effect": "tempered the intermodal value proposition on certain short-haul lanes",
    "gold_cause": "Low diesel fuel prices",
    "gold_effect": "the intermodal value proposition on certain short-haul lanes",
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  {
    "input": "Diverse end uses and popularity among craft brewers should help to protect volume amid a decline in the popularity of mainstream beers.",
    "output": "[Cause] Diverse end uses and popularity among craft brewers [Relation] enable [Effect] protect volume amid a decline in the popularity of mainstream beers",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "Diverse end uses and popularity among craft brewers",
    "pred_effect": "protect volume amid a decline in the popularity of mainstream beers",
    "gold_cause": "Diverse end uses and popularity among craft brewers",
    "gold_effect": "protect volume",
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  {
    "input": "With the potential for label expansion into cardiomyopathy and wild-type ATTR amyloidosis, we believe the company's largest opportunity now is in ATTR amyloidosis, with Onpattro and next-generation vutrisiran.",
    "output": "[Cause] potential for label expansion into cardiomyopathy and wild-type ATTR amyloidosis [Relation] enable [Effect] the company's largest opportunity now is in ATTR amyloidosis, with Onpattro and next-generation vutrisiran",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "potential for label expansion into cardiomyopathy and wild-type ATTR amyloidosis",
    "pred_effect": "the company's largest opportunity now is in ATTR amyloidosis, with Onpattro and next-generation vutrisiran",
    "gold_cause": "the potential for label expansion into cardiomyopathy and wild-type ATTR amyloidosis",
    "gold_effect": "the company's largest opportunity now is in ATTR amyloidosis, with Onpattro and next-generation vutrisiran",
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  {
    "input": "Given its strategic focus and ability to attract blue-chip clients in the best locations, SL Green boasts a business model equipped for the long term.",
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    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "strategic focus and ability to attract blue-chip clients in the best locations",
    "pred_effect": "SL Green boasts a business model equipped for the long term",
    "gold_cause": "its strategic focus and ability to attract blue-chip clients in the best locations",
    "gold_effect": "SL Green boasts a business model equipped for the long term",
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  {
    "input": "We assign Synaptics a high uncertainty rating, lowered from very high due to recent IoT acquisitions that we think will help the firm diversify its business beyond the smartphone component space.",
    "output": "[Cause] recent IoT acquisitions [Relation] enable [Effect] help the firm diversify its business beyond the smartphone component space",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "recent IoT acquisitions",
    "pred_effect": "help the firm diversify its business beyond the smartphone component space",
    "gold_cause": "recent IoT acquisitions",
    "gold_effect": "the firm diversify its business beyond the smartphone component space",
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  {
    "input": "United Airlines came into the crisis with a middling amount of debt relative to peers but structurally lower profit margins due to a smaller frequent flier program relative to its size.",
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    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "smaller frequent flier program relative to its size",
    "pred_effect": "structurally lower profit margins",
    "gold_cause": "a smaller frequent flier program relative to its size",
    "gold_effect": "United Airlines came into the crisis with a middling amount of debt relative to peers but structurally lower profit margins",
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  {
    "input": "Carrier is more leveraged than its peers; it may have less available capital to reinvest in the business after servicing its debt obligations.",
    "output": "[Cause] Carrier is more leveraged than its peers [Relation] cause [Effect] may have less available capital to reinvest in the business after servicing its debt obligations",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "Carrier is more leveraged than its peers",
    "pred_effect": "may have less available capital to reinvest in the business after servicing its debt obligations",
    "gold_cause": "Carrier is more leveraged than its peers",
    "gold_effect": "have less available capital to reinvest in the business",
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  {
    "input": "For example, we estimate that higher green coffee prices in fiscal 2018 resulted in a 500-basis-point hit to the segment's operating margins.",
    "output": "[Cause] higher green coffee prices in fiscal 2018 [Relation] cause [Effect] a 500-basis-point hit to the segment's operating margins",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "higher green coffee prices in fiscal 2018",
    "pred_effect": "a 500-basis-point hit to the segment's operating margins",
    "gold_cause": "estimate that higher green coffee prices in fiscal 2018",
    "gold_effect": "a 500-basis-point hit to the segment's operating margins",
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    "cause_excess_count": 2,
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  {
    "input": "Low prices and an unmatched selection have come to define the company in consumer's minds, giving rise to intangible assets from branding and technology (search capabilities and recommendation engine).",
    "output": "[Cause] Low prices and an unmatched selection [Relation] cause [Effect] come to define the company in consumer's minds; giving rise to intangible assets from branding and technology (search capabilities and recommendation engine)",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "Low prices and an unmatched selection",
    "pred_effect": "come to define the company in consumer's minds; giving rise to intangible assets from branding and technology (search capabilities and recommendation engine)",
    "gold_cause": "Low prices and an unmatched selection have come to define the company in consumer's minds",
    "gold_effect": "giving rise to intangible assets from branding and technology",
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    "cause_excess_count": 9,
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  {
    "input": "By being an early mover, the company was able to keep acquisition costs under control, giving it a sustainable advantage over peers that rushed in later and overpaid.",
    "output": "[Cause] being an early mover [Relation] enable [Effect] able to keep acquisition costs under control",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "being an early mover",
    "pred_effect": "able to keep acquisition costs under control",
    "gold_cause": "being an early mover",
    "gold_effect": "the company was able to keep acquisition costs under control, giving it a sustainable advantage over peers that rushed in later and overpaid",
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  {
    "input": "We see the Active Omnichannel SaaS solution as a critically important development that should propel the company for the next decade.",
    "output": "[Cause] The development of the Active Omnichannel SaaS solution [Relation] enable [Effect] Propel the company for the next decade",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "The development of the Active Omnichannel SaaS solution",
    "pred_effect": "Propel the company for the next decade",
    "gold_cause": "the Active Omnichannel SaaS solution",
    "gold_effect": "propel the company for the next decade",
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  {
    "input": "We assume high-teens annual e-commerce growth long-term, tapering from fiscal 2020's 37% expansion and pandemic-related near-term surges as the firm's efforts mature.",
    "output": "[Cause] the firm's efforts mature [Relation] cause [Effect] tapering from fiscal 2020's 37% expansion and pandemic-related near-term surges",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "the firm's efforts mature",
    "pred_effect": "tapering from fiscal 2020's 37% expansion and pandemic-related near-term surges",
    "gold_cause": "the firm's efforts mature",
    "gold_effect": "pandemic-related near-term surges",
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    "input": "Our near-term earnings forecast is depressed due to the incorporation of poor crack spread futures curves despite a recent uptick.",
    "output": "[Cause] incorporation of poor crack spread futures curves [Relation] cause [Effect] near-term earnings forecast is depressed",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "incorporation of poor crack spread futures curves",
    "pred_effect": "near-term earnings forecast is depressed",
    "gold_cause": "the incorporation of poor crack spread futures curves despite a recent uptick",
    "gold_effect": "Our near-term earnings forecast is depressed",
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    "cause_excess_count": 5,
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  {
    "input": "We forecast a five-year revenue CAGR of 36% through a rapidly growing customer base, more massive deals, strong retention rates, and customers buying additional security modules over time.",
    "output": "[Cause] rapidly growing customer base, more massive deals, strong retention rates, and customers buying additional security modules over time [Relation] enable [Effect] five-year revenue CAGR of 36%",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "rapidly growing customer base, more massive deals, strong retention rates, and customers buying additional security modules over time",
    "pred_effect": "five-year revenue CAGR of 36%",
    "gold_cause": "a rapidly growing customer base, more massive deals, strong retention rates, and customers buying additional security modules over time",
    "gold_effect": "a five-year revenue CAGR of 36%",
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    "input": "We believe economic profits can rise by nearly 50% over the next five years. As such, we model consolidated midcycle ROIC, including goodwill of nearly 16%, in line with both management's targets and the company's normalized historical experience.",
    "output": "[Cause] economic profits can rise by nearly 50% over the next five years [Relation] cause [Effect] model consolidated midcycle ROIC, including goodwill of nearly 16%, in line with both management's targets and the company's normalized historical experience",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "economic profits can rise by nearly 50% over the next five years",
    "pred_effect": "model consolidated midcycle ROIC, including goodwill of nearly 16%, in line with both management's targets and the company's normalized historical experience",
    "gold_cause": "economic profits can rise by nearly 50% over the next five years",
    "gold_effect": "we model consolidated midcycle ROIC, including goodwill of nearly 16%, in line with both management's targets and the company's normalized historical experience",
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  {
    "input": "Apple's ITP and IDFA decisions, along with Google's plan to no longer accept cookie nor cookie-substitutes after 2022, has placed the firm's main business model at risk.",
    "output": "[Cause] Apple's ITP and IDFA decisions, along with Google's plan to no longer accept cookie nor cookie-substitutes after 2022 [Relation] cause [Effect] placed the firm's main business model at risk",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "Apple's ITP and IDFA decisions, along with Google's plan to no longer accept cookie nor cookie-substitutes after 2022",
    "pred_effect": "placed the firm's main business model at risk",
    "gold_cause": "Apple's ITP and IDFA decisions, along with Google's plan to no longer accept cookie nor cookie-substitutes after 2022",
    "gold_effect": "the firm's main business model at risk",
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  {
    "input": "With such high up-front investments and low returns, new players are discouraged from entering the market.",
    "output": "[Cause] high up-front investments and low returns [Relation] discourage [Effect] new players are discouraged from entering the market",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "high up-front investments and low returns",
    "pred_effect": "new players are discouraged from entering the market",
    "gold_cause": "such high up-front investments and low returns",
    "gold_effect": "new players are discouraged from entering the market",
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  {
    "input": "Seating is one of the stickiest parts of the supplier sector since it is very difficult to take out an incumbent on a vehicle program, and automakers need suppliers that can consistently deliver high-quality seats in a just-in-time system all over the world.",
    "output": "[Cause] automakers need suppliers that can consistently deliver high-quality seats in a just-in-time system all over the world [Relation] cause [Effect] Seating is one of the stickiest parts of the supplier sector since it is very difficult to take out an incumbent on a vehicle program",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "automakers need suppliers that can consistently deliver high-quality seats in a just-in-time system all over the world",
    "pred_effect": "Seating is one of the stickiest parts of the supplier sector since it is very difficult to take out an incumbent on a vehicle program",
    "gold_cause": "automakers need suppliers that can consistently deliver high-quality seats in a just-in-time system all over the world",
    "gold_effect": "Seating is one of the stickiest parts of the supplier sector",
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  {
    "input": "We believe that Alexion is well-positioned to withstand pressures from competitors and biosimilars because it has expanded to other, larger patient populations, proactively priced Ultomiris at a discount, and offers more convenient dosing.",
    "output": "[Cause] expanded to other, larger patient populations, proactively priced Ultomiris at a discount, and offers more convenient dosing [Relation] enable [Effect] well-positioned to withstand pressures from competitors and biosimilars",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "expanded to other, larger patient populations, proactively priced Ultomiris at a discount, and offers more convenient dosing",
    "pred_effect": "well-positioned to withstand pressures from competitors and biosimilars",
    "gold_cause": "it has expanded to other, larger patient populations, proactively priced Ultomiris at a discount, and offers more convenient dosing",
    "gold_effect": "Alexion is well-positioned to withstand pressures from competitors and biosimilars",
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  {
    "input": "Menu diversification is risky, with no guarantee that operators can provide competitively viable products, while adding stock-keeping units and operational risk (as we've seen at Pizza Hut).",
    "output": "[Cause] Menu diversification [Relation] cause [Effect] no guarantee that operators can provide competitively viable products",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "Menu diversification",
    "pred_effect": "no guarantee that operators can provide competitively viable products",
    "gold_cause": "Menu diversification",
    "gold_effect": "operators can provide competitively viable products",
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  {
    "input": "Menu diversification is risky, with no guarantee that operators can provide competitively viable products, while adding stock-keeping units and operational risk (as we've seen at Pizza Hut).",
    "output": "[Cause] Menu diversification [Relation] cause [Effect] no guarantee that operators can provide competitively viable products, while adding stock-keeping units and operational risk (as we've seen at Pizza Hut)",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "Menu diversification",
    "pred_effect": "no guarantee that operators can provide competitively viable products, while adding stock-keeping units and operational risk (as we've seen at Pizza Hut)",
    "gold_cause": "Menu diversification",
    "gold_effect": "adding stock-keeping units and operational risk",
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  {
    "input": "We also expect a strong recovery in Spanish fee income as transactional activity normalises and asset management fees that will benefit from a recovery in assets under management, or AUM.",
    "output": "[Cause] transactional activity normalises and asset management fees that will benefit from a recovery in assets under management, or AUM [Relation] cause [Effect] a strong recovery in Spanish fee income",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "transactional activity normalises and asset management fees that will benefit from a recovery in assets under management, or AUM",
    "pred_effect": "a strong recovery in Spanish fee income",
    "gold_cause": "transactional activity normalises",
    "gold_effect": "a strong recovery in Spanish fee income",
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  {
    "input": "The company's record of regular product innovation and R&D through the cycle is impressive; however, the short operating life of tools coupled with an innovation cycle of around six years provides enough time for competitors to replicate its characteristics once future restocking decisions are required.",
    "output": "[Cause] short operating life of tools coupled with an innovation cycle of around six years [Relation] enable [Effect] competitors to replicate its characteristics once future restocking decisions are required",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "short operating life of tools coupled with an innovation cycle of around six years",
    "pred_effect": "competitors to replicate its characteristics once future restocking decisions are required",
    "gold_cause": "the short operating life of tools coupled with an innovation cycle of around six years",
    "gold_effect": "enough time for competitors to replicate its characteristics once future restocking decisions are required",
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  {
    "input": "TI and its chipmaking peers tend to profit from these high switching costs by having lower ongoing R&amp;D and capital expenditure investments than digital chipmakers, which helps to contribute to healthy returns on capital for shareholders.",
    "output": "[Cause] TI and its chipmaking peers tend to profit from these high switching costs by having lower ongoing R&D and capital expenditure investments than digital chipmakers [Relation] cause [Effect] contribute to healthy returns on capital for shareholders",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "TI and its chipmaking peers tend to profit from these high switching costs by having lower ongoing R&D and capital expenditure investments than digital chipmakers",
    "pred_effect": "contribute to healthy returns on capital for shareholders",
    "gold_cause": "capital expenditure investments than digital chipmakers",
    "gold_effect": "helps to contribute to healthy returns on capital for shareholders.",
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  {
    "input": "CarMax's revenue has increased at a compound annual rate of about 11% since fiscal 2000 because of the success of customer-friendly sales practices and use of information technology.",
    "output": "[Cause] the success of customer-friendly sales practices and use of information technology [Relation] enable [Effect] CarMax's revenue has increased at a compound annual rate of about 11% since fiscal 2000",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "the success of customer-friendly sales practices and use of information technology",
    "pred_effect": "CarMax's revenue has increased at a compound annual rate of about 11% since fiscal 2000",
    "gold_cause": "the success of customer-friendly sales practices and use of information technology.",
    "gold_effect": "CarMax's revenue has increased",
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  {
    "input": "On the commercial side, AutoZone already uses digital ordering tools extensively, and we believe its ability to pull inventory from stores, hubs, and distribution centers in the name of rapid delivery makes disruption less of a concern.",
    "output": "[Cause] AutoZone already uses digital ordering tools extensively, and its ability to pull inventory from stores, hubs, and distribution centers in the name of rapid delivery [Relation] enable [Effect] makes disruption less of a concern",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "AutoZone already uses digital ordering tools extensively, and its ability to pull inventory from stores, hubs, and distribution centers in the name of rapid delivery",
    "pred_effect": "makes disruption less of a concern",
    "gold_cause": "its ability to pull inventory from stores, hubs, and distribution centers in the name of rapid delivery",
    "gold_effect": "disruption less of a concern",
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  {
    "input": "Mosaic has a solid but not spectacular cost position for phosphate potash production, providing it with a cost-competitive input base to produce fertilizers.",
    "output": "[Cause] Mosaic has a solid but not spectacular cost position for phosphate potash production [Relation] enable [Effect] providing it with a cost-competitive input base to produce fertilizers",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "Mosaic has a solid but not spectacular cost position for phosphate potash production",
    "pred_effect": "providing it with a cost-competitive input base to produce fertilizers",
    "gold_cause": "a solid but not spectacular cost position for phosphate potash production",
    "gold_effect": "a cost-competitive input base to produce fertilizers",
    "cause_substr": true,
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    "cause_excess_count": 2,
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  {
    "input": "We think MPS' greatest uncertainty stems from its ability to maintain an advantage in its proprietary process technology over analog competitors with larger budgets.",
    "output": "[Cause] ability to maintain an advantage in its proprietary process technology over analog competitors with larger budgets [Relation] cause [Effect] MPS' greatest uncertainty",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "ability to maintain an advantage in its proprietary process technology over analog competitors with larger budgets",
    "pred_effect": "MPS' greatest uncertainty",
    "gold_cause": "its ability to maintain an advantage in its proprietary process technology over analog competitors with larger budgets",
    "gold_effect": "MPS' greatest uncertainty stems",
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    "cosine": 1.4888685941696167,
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  {
    "input": "Through a combination of cost savings and expected top-line growth, Lilly aims to reach operating margins of close to 32% by 2021, which we believe is achievable.",
    "output": "[Cause] combination of cost savings and expected top-line growth [Relation] enable [Effect] Lilly aims to reach operating margins of close to 32% by 2021",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "combination of cost savings and expected top-line growth",
    "pred_effect": "Lilly aims to reach operating margins of close to 32% by 2021",
    "gold_cause": "a combination of cost savings and expected top-line growth",
    "gold_effect": "Lilly aims to reach operating margins of close to 32% by 2021, which we believe is achievable",
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  {
    "input": "As retailers seek additional distribution facilities closer to population centers to accommodate this trend, Prologis will tap into its deep land bank to complete lucrative developments.",
    "output": "[Cause] retailers seek additional distribution facilities closer to population centers [Relation] enable [Effect] Prologis will tap into its deep land bank to complete lucrative developments",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "retailers seek additional distribution facilities closer to population centers",
    "pred_effect": "Prologis will tap into its deep land bank to complete lucrative developments",
    "gold_cause": "retailers seek additional distribution facilities closer to population centers to accommodate this trend",
    "gold_effect": "Prologis will tap into its deep land bank to complete lucrative developments",
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    "cause_excess_count": 4,
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  {
    "input": "BMW's repeated appearance in the top five of the APEAL Study indicates consistently well-executed vehicles that solidly connect with the customer base.",
    "output": "[Cause] consistently well-executed vehicles [Relation] enable [Effect] BMW's repeated appearance in the top five of the APEAL Study",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "consistently well-executed vehicles",
    "pred_effect": "BMW's repeated appearance in the top five of the APEAL Study",
    "gold_cause": "consistently well-executed vehicles that solidly connect with the customer base",
    "gold_effect": "BMW's repeated appearance in the top five of the APEAL Study",
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    "cause_excess_count": 7,
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  {
    "input": "We continue to anticipate a slower recovery in the Covance unit as clients slow down and delay clinical trial activity in 2020.",
    "output": "[Cause] clients slow down and delay clinical trial activity in 2020 [Relation] cause [Effect] slower recovery in the Covance unit",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "clients slow down and delay clinical trial activity in 2020",
    "pred_effect": "slower recovery in the Covance unit",
    "gold_cause": "clients slow down and delay clinical trial activity in 2020",
    "gold_effect": "a slower recovery in the Covance unit",
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    "cosine": 1.4980693459510803,
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  {
    "input": "As the movement of landing pages is completed, the economy recovers, and more video content is released as macroeconomics improve, we expect Baidu and iQiyi's advertising revenue to recover from a low base.",
    "output": "[Cause] movement of landing pages is completed | economy recovers | more video content is released as macroeconomics improve [Relation] enable [Effect] Baidu and iQiyi's advertising revenue to recover from a low base",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "economy recovers",
    "pred_effect": "Baidu and iQiyi's advertising revenue to recover from a low base",
    "gold_cause": "the movement of landing pages is completed, the economy recovers, and more video content is released as macroeconomics improve",
    "gold_effect": "Baidu and iQiyi's advertising revenue to recover from a low base",
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    "cause_excess_count": 18,
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  {
    "input": "We don't have high expectations for the advertising business over the long term, despite AT&T's efforts to improve ad monetization, as consumer behavior shifts away from ad-supported formats.",
    "output": "[Cause] consumer behavior shifts away from ad-supported formats [Relation] cause [Effect] We don't have high expectations for the advertising business over the long term",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "consumer behavior shifts away from ad-supported formats",
    "pred_effect": "We don't have high expectations for the advertising business over the long term",
    "gold_cause": "consumer behavior shifts away from ad-supported formats",
    "gold_effect": "don't have high expectations for the advertising business over the long term",
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    "cosine": 1.493054211139679,
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  {
    "input": "Although CoStar's acquisition of LoopNet and its related platforms closed in 2012, we think it will continue to effectively push price increases to its existing user base and compel listers to utilize its advertising services more heavily over time.",
    "output": "[Cause] CoStar's acquisition of LoopNet and its related platforms [Relation] enable [Effect] continue to effectively push price increases to its existing user base | compel listers to utilize its advertising services more heavily over time",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "CoStar's acquisition of LoopNet and its related platforms",
    "pred_effect": "compel listers to utilize its advertising services more heavily over time",
    "gold_cause": "CoStar's acquisition of LoopNet and its related platforms closed in 2012",
    "gold_effect": "it will continue to effectively push price increases to its existing user base and compel listers to utilize its advertising services more heavily over time",
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    "input": "The primary driver behind CMS' earnings growth and value creation is regulated capital investment, and the degree to which the company can recover its costs with an appealing return.",
    "output": "[Cause] regulated capital investment [Relation] enable [Effect] CMS' earnings growth and value creation",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "regulated capital investment",
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    "gold_cause": "regulated capital investment, and the degree to which the company can recover its costs with an appealing return",
    "gold_effect": "The primary driver behind CMS' earnings growth and value creation",
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    "input": "Canadian Natural's ownership of midstream pipeline assets allows it to control the transport of a significant portion of its own production and lowers its transportation expenses and overall cost structure.",
    "output": "[Cause] Canadian Natural's ownership of midstream pipeline assets [Relation] enable [Effect] control the transport of a significant portion of its own production and lowers its transportation expenses and overall cost structure",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "Canadian Natural's ownership of midstream pipeline assets",
    "pred_effect": "control the transport of a significant portion of its own production and lowers its transportation expenses and overall cost structure",
    "gold_cause": "Canadian Natural's ownership of midstream pipeline assets",
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  {
    "input": "We project that the organic average non-ad revenue growth will be in the low to midsingle digits, driven by growth in retransmission fees and digital revenue.",
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    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "growth in retransmission fees and digital revenue",
    "pred_effect": "organic average non-ad revenue growth will be in the low to midsingle digits",
    "gold_cause": "growth in retransmission fees and digital revenue",
    "gold_effect": "the organic average non-ad revenue growth will be in the low to midsingle digits",
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    "input": "Given the importance of live sports to the pay-television bundle, we expect that the main ESPN channels will remain key components of any pay-television offering.",
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    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "the importance of live sports to the pay-television bundle",
    "pred_effect": "the main ESPN channels will remain key components of any pay-television offering",
    "gold_cause": "Given the importance of live sports to the pay-television bundle",
    "gold_effect": "we expect that the main ESPN channels will remain key components of any pay-television offering",
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    "input": "The firm spends over $600 million each year on advertising and media, which provides buying power over smaller peers, also contributing to its cost advantage.",
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    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "The firm spends over $600 million each year on advertising and media",
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    "gold_cause": "The firm spends over $600 million each year on advertising and media",
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    "input": "In aerospace and power instrumentation, we think high demand for cleaner and more efficient energy, as well as the need for electromagnetic compatibility compliance will propel this business' results going forward.",
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    "pred_cause": "high demand for cleaner and more efficient energy, as well as the need for electromagnetic compatibility compliance",
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    "gold_cause": "high demand for cleaner and more efficient energy, as well as the need for electromagnetic compatibility compliance",
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    "input": "We model revenue to increase about 6.6% on a five-year compound annual basis, up from 3.7% in our prior model, with about a 12% decline in 2020 due to COVID-19 and then high-single-digits to mid-teens growth in the outer years of our forecast period.",
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    "pred_cause": "COVID-19",
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    "input": "Third, because Logix works with third-party applications, customers can make incremental improvements to their facilities without incurring the disruption of an expensive system overhaul.",
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    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "Logix works with third-party applications",
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    "input": "As a developer of projects in frontier regions such as Mozambique or Papua New Guinea, Total faces the risk of delays or disruption of new construction or existing operations due to disputes with local communities.",
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    "pred_cause": "disputes with local communities",
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    "gold_cause": "disputes with local communities",
    "gold_effect": "the risk of delays or disruption of new construction or existing operations",
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    "input": "The pandemic may bolster the unit's long-term prospects if the temporary shift to digital learning during shelter-in-place orders leads to greater adoption even after public health conditions normalize.",
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    "pred_cause": "the temporary shift to digital learning during shelter-in-place orders",
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    "gold_cause": "The pandemic may bolster the unit's long-term prospects if the temporary shift to digital learning during shelter-in-place orders",
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    "input": "We have raised our long-term tax rate by 5 percentage points to 29% in anticipation of a corporate tax increase in the United States in 2022.",
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    "pred_cause": "anticipation of a corporate tax increase in the United States in 2022",
    "pred_effect": "raised our long-term tax rate by 5 percentage points to 29%",
    "gold_cause": "in anticipation of a corporate tax increase in the United States in 2022",
    "gold_effect": "We have raised our long-term tax rate by 5 percentage points to 29%",
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    "input": "To tap into the fixed-line market and protect itself from further encroachment by KT into its wireless business, SK Telecom acquired a stake in Hanaro Telecom (now SK Broadband), Korea's second-largest fixed-line operator, in 2008, which it subsequently turned into 100% ownership.",
    "output": "[Cause] To tap into the fixed-line market and protect itself from further encroachment by KT into its wireless business, [Relation] enable [Effect] SK Telecom acquired a stake in Hanaro Telecom (now SK Broadband), Korea's second-largest fixed-line operator, in 2008, which it subsequently turned into 100% ownership.",
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    "gold_effect": "SK Telecom acquired a stake in Hanaro Telecom (now SK Broadband)",
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  {
    "input": "Operating expenditure for the various areas of operations tend to be in local currency, the decline in revenue from currency weakness is offset by a decline in operating expenditure.",
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    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "decline in revenue from currency weakness",
    "pred_effect": "decline in operating expenditure",
    "gold_cause": "the decline in revenue from currency weakness",
    "gold_effect": "a decline in operating expenditure",
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    "input": "This superior safety profile coupled with ICU's low pricing allows the company to sell double the volume of connectors versus its nearest competitor.",
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    "input": "Spirit's workforce is generally unionized, which suggests to us that there may be an opportunity for permanent margin improvement from the retirement of higher-wage workers.",
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    "gold_effect": "there may be an opportunity for permanent margin improvement from the retirement of higher-wage workers",
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    "input": "We believe Pembina's operating assets can thrive in a low-oil-price environment, while expansion projects in growing regions will fuel EBITDA and cash distribution growth.",
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    "input": "Experience attained from launching initially in and focusing more on the North America market may help Lyft more effectively allocate capital to its possible launches in other markets.",
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    "pred_cause": "Experience attained from launching initially in and focusing more on the North America market",
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    "input": "A failure of a sensor to work properly may lead to product failure of an expensive long-cycle product, which we think makes it difficult for customers to switch.",
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    "input": "We expect high-single-digit growth from the firm's mobile device segment, exceeding management's target of 4%-6% growth, as NFC and UWB solutions become more ubiquitous for payments and secure access.",
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    "pred_cause": "NFC and UWB solutions become more ubiquitous for payments and secure access",
    "pred_effect": "high-single-digit growth from the firm's mobile device segment, exceeding management's target of 4%-6% growth",
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    "input": "After a firm adopts Amphenol's components into its product, they will often experience significant financial cost and the potential risk of failure by switching to competitors.",
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    "pred_cause": "After a firm adopts Amphenol's components into its product",
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    "gold_cause": "a firm adopts Amphenol's components into its product",
    "gold_effect": "they will often experience significant financial cost and the potential risk of failure by switching to competitors",
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    "input": "We see non-GAAP operating margin expanding from 25% in 2020 (actual) to nearly 30% over the next five years driven by improving scale.",
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    "pred_cause": "improving scale",
    "pred_effect": "non-GAAP operating margin expanding from 25% in 2020 (actual) to nearly 30% over the next five years",
    "gold_cause": "improving scale",
    "gold_effect": "We see non-GAAP operating margin expanding from 25% in 2020 (actual) to nearly 30% over the next five years",
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    "input": "Or, if the customer is unable to find such a solution, it would need to source multiple discrete products from various suppliers to develop bespoke solutions with the same functionality, complicating its supply chain and requiring significant engineering investment.",
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    "pred_cause": "the customer is unable to find such a solution",
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    "gold_cause": "the customer is unable to find such a solution",
    "gold_effect": "source multiple discrete products from various suppliers",
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    "input": "The firm must maintain the number of accounts belonging to celebrities, politicians, athletes, and other public figures in order to bring in more users and increase engagement.",
    "output": "[Cause] maintain the number of accounts belonging to celebrities, politicians, athletes, and other public figures [Relation] enable [Effect] bring in more users and increase engagement",
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    "pred_cause": "maintain the number of accounts belonging to celebrities, politicians, athletes, and other public figures",
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    "gold_cause": "The firm must maintain the number of accounts belonging to celebrities, politicians, athletes, and other public figures in order",
    "gold_effect": "bring in more users and increase engagement",
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  {
    "input": "Focused entry from these competitors would double the current handful of players that have dominant scale, leading to commodification of the industry and a meaningful impact to margins.",
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    "input": "We think firms are hard-pressed to switch payroll software, given the need to run two systems during a transition and the uncertainty, cost, time, and effort of adopting a new product for such an important application.",
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    "pred_cause": "the uncertainty, cost, time, and effort of adopting a new product for such an important application",
    "pred_effect": "firms are hard-pressed to switch payroll software",
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    "gold_effect": "firms are hard-pressed to switch payroll software",
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  {
    "input": "While the ultimate scope, scale, and success of these strategies remain to be seen, Ardent and Wexford give Ventas added platforms for consolidation as owners and operators potentially seek an efficient capital partner that can help provide an integrated healthcare infrastructure.",
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    "pred_cause": "Ardent and Wexford give Ventas added platforms for consolidation as owners and operators potentially seek an efficient capital partner",
    "pred_effect": "provide an integrated healthcare infrastructure",
    "gold_cause": "Ardent and Wexford give Ventas added platforms for consolidation",
    "gold_effect": "help provide an integrated healthcare infrastructure",
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  {
    "input": "Potentially, the risk of litigation against individual advisors or other wealth management firms due to Morgan Stanley withdrawing from an industry agreement on broker recruiting will deter advisors from leaving, but the net effect will still likely be negative.",
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    "pred_cause": "Morgan Stanley withdrawing from an industry agreement on broker recruiting",
    "pred_effect": "potentially, the risk of litigation against individual advisors or other wealth management firms will deter advisors from leaving",
    "gold_cause": "Morgan Stanley withdrawing from an industry agreement on broker recruiting will deter advisors from leaving",
    "gold_effect": "the risk of litigation against individual advisors or other wealth management firms",
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    "input": "The bank has some segments that weigh on the efficiency ratio due to the structural characteristics of those individual business lines, such as asset and wealth management; however, it has still managed to keep its operating efficiency roughly in line with or better than its peers.",
    "output": "[Cause] structural characteristics of those individual business lines, such as asset and wealth management [Relation] cause [Effect] weigh on the efficiency ratio",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "structural characteristics of those individual business lines, such as asset and wealth management",
    "pred_effect": "weigh on the efficiency ratio",
    "gold_cause": "the structural characteristics of those individual business lines, such as asset and wealth management",
    "gold_effect": "The bank has some segments that weigh on the efficiency ratio",
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  {
    "input": "Vertex has been able to build upon its intellectual property, rolling out better medicines and combinations that increasingly capture more patients.",
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    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "Vertex has been able to build upon its intellectual property",
    "pred_effect": "rolling out better medicines and combinations",
    "gold_cause": "build upon its intellectual property",
    "gold_effect": "rolling out better medicines and combinations",
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    "cause_excess_count": 5,
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    "tag": "substr_valid",
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  {
    "input": "If the firm is unable to effectively source and integrate new employees, it could stymie innovation and affect Synopsys' competitive positioning.",
    "output": "[Cause] unable to effectively source and integrate new employees [Relation] cause [Effect] stymie innovation and affect Synopsys' competitive positioning",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "unable to effectively source and integrate new employees",
    "pred_effect": "stymie innovation and affect Synopsys' competitive positioning",
    "gold_cause": "If the firm is unable to effectively source and integrate new employees",
    "gold_effect": "it could stymie innovation and affect Synopsys' competitive positioning",
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    "tag": "substr_valid",
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    "input": "Second, we believe narrow-body commercial revenue should recover at a more accelerated pace relative to wide-bodies given favorable domestic over international travel trends.",
    "output": "[Cause] favorable domestic over international travel trends [Relation] cause [Effect] narrow-body commercial revenue should recover at a more accelerated pace relative to wide-bodies",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "favorable domestic over international travel trends",
    "pred_effect": "narrow-body commercial revenue should recover at a more accelerated pace relative to wide-bodies",
    "gold_cause": "favorable domestic over international travel trends",
    "gold_effect": "we believe narrow-body commercial revenue should recover at a more accelerated pace relative to wide-bodies",
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  {
    "input": "We expect rapid growth for the firm's Spark solution as it provides a stickier option to customers looking for comprehensive endpoint capabilities.",
    "output": "[Cause] Spark solution provides a stickier option to customers looking for comprehensive endpoint capabilities [Relation] enable [Effect] We expect rapid growth for the firm's Spark solution",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "Spark solution provides a stickier option to customers looking for comprehensive endpoint capabilities",
    "pred_effect": "We expect rapid growth for the firm's Spark solution",
    "gold_cause": "a stickier option to customers looking for comprehensive endpoint capabilities",
    "gold_effect": "rapid growth for the firm's Spark solution",
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    "tag": "substr_invalid",
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  {
    "input": "As the company has yet to generate positive free cash flow, it will continue to rely on outside capital raises, especially as it expands production to meet growing demand.",
    "output": "[Cause] the company has yet to generate positive free cash flow, [Relation] cause [Effect] it will continue to rely on outside capital raises",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "the company has yet to generate positive free cash flow,",
    "pred_effect": "it will continue to rely on outside capital raises",
    "gold_cause": "the company has yet to generate positive free cash flow",
    "gold_effect": "it will continue to rely on outside capital raises",
    "cause_substr": true,
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    "tag": "substr_valid",
    "cosine": 1.4986810088157654,
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  {
    "input": "The company also sold its underperforming windows business, repositioned its cabinets business to focus on higher growth value offerings, continues to build its plumbing business in China, and remains focused on product innovation, which supports the pricing power of many of its brands.",
    "output": "[Cause] sold its underperforming windows business, repositioned its cabinets business to focus on higher growth value offerings, continues to build its plumbing business in China, and remains focused on product innovation [Relation] cause [Effect] supports the pricing power of many of its brands",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "sold its underperforming windows business, repositioned its cabinets business to focus on higher growth value offerings, continues to build its plumbing business in China, and remains focused on product innovation",
    "pred_effect": "supports the pricing power of many of its brands",
    "gold_cause": "The company also sold its underperforming windows business, repositioned its cabinets business to focus on higher growth value offerings, continues to build its plumbing business in China, and remains focused on product innovation",
    "gold_effect": "supports the pricing power of many of its brands",
    "cause_substr": true,
    "effect_substr": true,
    "cause_excess_count": 3,
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    "valid": true,
    "tag": "substr_valid",
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    "input": "We also expect highly profitable narrow-body aftermarket services will recover ahead of the rest of the commercial aerospace portfolio since this business is driven by departures as opposed to revenue passenger miles.",
    "output": "[Cause] this business is driven by departures as opposed to revenue passenger miles [Relation] enable [Effect] highly profitable narrow-body aftermarket services will recover ahead of the rest of the commercial aerospace portfolio",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "this business is driven by departures as opposed to revenue passenger miles",
    "pred_effect": "highly profitable narrow-body aftermarket services will recover ahead of the rest of the commercial aerospace portfolio",
    "gold_cause": "departures",
    "gold_effect": "highly profitable narrow-body aftermarket services",
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  {
    "input": "Our base-case scenario assumes that the bank's efficiency ratio eventually declines to 54% as the bank should be able to manage its expense base, even as the interest-rate environment changes over the medium term.",
    "output": "[Cause] the bank should be able to manage its expense base, even as the interest-rate environment changes over the medium term [Relation] cause [Effect] the bank's efficiency ratio eventually declines to 54%",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "the bank should be able to manage its expense base, even as the interest-rate environment changes over the medium term",
    "pred_effect": "the bank's efficiency ratio eventually declines to 54%",
    "gold_cause": "the interest-rate environment changes over the medium term",
    "gold_effect": "base-case scenario assumes that the bank's efficiency ratio eventually declines to 54%",
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    "input": "Rollout of its omnichannel Digital One Stop process and the CarCash app allows consumers to shop digitally or in-store and helps Sonic procure more used-vehicle inventory.",
    "output": "[Cause] Rollout of its omnichannel Digital One Stop process and the CarCash app [Relation] enable [Effect] allows consumers to shop digitally or in-store and helps Sonic procure more used-vehicle inventory",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "Rollout of its omnichannel Digital One Stop process and the CarCash app",
    "pred_effect": "allows consumers to shop digitally or in-store and helps Sonic procure more used-vehicle inventory",
    "gold_cause": "Rollout of its omnichannel Digital One Stop process and the CarCash app",
    "gold_effect": "consumers to shop digitally or in-store and helps Sonic procure more used-vehicle inventory",
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  {
    "input": "To a lesser extent, a business like Aderant also benefits from intangible assets, given its 'domain expertise' or intimate knowledge of the 'biglaw' attorney market.",
    "output": "[Cause] Aderant's 'domain expertise' or intimate knowledge of the 'biglaw' attorney market [Relation] enable [Effect] Aderant benefits from intangible assets",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "Aderant's 'domain expertise' or intimate knowledge of the 'biglaw' attorney market",
    "pred_effect": "Aderant benefits from intangible assets",
    "gold_cause": "domain expertise",
    "gold_effect": "benefits from intangible assets",
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    "input": "We believe NAS is a relatively sticky business because competing local and regional contractors probably have inadequate scale to service businesses with national scale.",
    "output": "[Cause] competing local and regional contractors probably have inadequate scale to service businesses with national scale [Relation] cause [Effect] NAS is a relatively sticky business",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "competing local and regional contractors probably have inadequate scale to service businesses with national scale",
    "pred_effect": "NAS is a relatively sticky business",
    "gold_cause": "competing local and regional contractors probably have inadequate scale to service businesses with national scale",
    "gold_effect": "We believe NAS is a relatively sticky business",
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  {
    "input": "Further, the government is working on regulating the returns for transmission pipeline owners, and we think this will lower the profitability of this segment.",
    "output": "[Cause] the government is working on regulating the returns for transmission pipeline owners [Relation] cause [Effect] this will lower the profitability of this segment",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "the government is working on regulating the returns for transmission pipeline owners",
    "pred_effect": "this will lower the profitability of this segment",
    "gold_cause": "the government is working on regulating the returns for transmission pipeline owners",
    "gold_effect": "lower the profitability of this segment",
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  {
    "input": "We believe that the national networks increasingly hold the upper hand in part because of the relatively higher viewing of national content versus local content and their DTC offerings.",
    "output": "[Cause] higher viewing of national content versus local content and their DTC offerings [Relation] enable [Effect] national networks increasingly hold the upper hand",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "higher viewing of national content versus local content and their DTC offerings",
    "pred_effect": "national networks increasingly hold the upper hand",
    "gold_cause": "the relatively higher viewing of national content versus local content and their DTC offerings",
    "gold_effect": "the national networks increasingly hold the upper hand in part",
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  {
    "input": "If WhatsApp, or any of the firm's other large customers terminate their relationship with Twilio, it will adversely impact returns.",
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    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "WhatsApp, or any of the firm's other large customers terminate their relationship with Twilio",
    "pred_effect": "adversely impact returns",
    "gold_cause": "WhatsApp, or any of the firm's other large customers terminate their relationship with Twilio",
    "gold_effect": "it will adversely impact returns",
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  {
    "input": "We expect Fanuc's service business to play a larger role for Fanuc due to increasing automation complexities from integrating Internet of Things technology to Fanuc's robots/machines, which will then contribute to the company's long-term ability to maintain high adjusted ROIC.",
    "output": "[Cause] increasing automation complexities from integrating Internet of Things technology to Fanuc's robots/machines [Relation] enable [Effect] Fanuc's service business to play a larger role",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "increasing automation complexities from integrating Internet of Things technology to Fanuc's robots/machines",
    "pred_effect": "Fanuc's service business to play a larger role",
    "gold_cause": "due to increasing automation complexities from integrating Internet of Things technology to Fanuc's robots/machines",
    "gold_effect": "We expect Fanuc's service business to play a larger role for Fanuc",
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  {
    "input": "Given the lower relative expense and the reliability factor (given Synopsys' brand and experience), customers are more likely than not to continue to utilize the firm's IP; the wide selection of products to choose from and the smoother interoperability with other Synopsys tools contribute to this.",
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    "pred_cause": "lower relative expense and the reliability factor (given Synopsys' brand and experience)",
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    "gold_cause": "the lower relative expense and the reliability factor (given Synopsys' brand and experience)",
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  {
    "input": "With a disciplined pursuit over two decades, Tenaris has established itself as the premier provider of oil country tubular goods, or OCTG, the steel tubing used to construct oil and gas wells.",
    "output": "[Cause] disciplined pursuit over two decades [Relation] cause [Effect] Tenaris has established itself as the premier provider of oil country tubular goods, or OCTG",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "disciplined pursuit over two decades",
    "pred_effect": "Tenaris has established itself as the premier provider of oil country tubular goods, or OCTG",
    "gold_cause": "a disciplined pursuit over two decades",
    "gold_effect": "Tenaris has established itself as the premier provider of oil country tubular goods, or OCTG, the steel tubing used to construct oil and gas wells",
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    "input": "Nevertheless, the ability to launch new products in adjacent categories under the company's large brand umbrellas can lower customer acquisition costs and is an indication of brand equity.",
    "output": "[Cause] the ability to launch new products in adjacent categories under the company's large brand umbrellas [Relation] enable [Effect] lower customer acquisition costs",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "the ability to launch new products in adjacent categories under the company's large brand umbrellas",
    "pred_effect": "lower customer acquisition costs",
    "gold_cause": "the ability to launch new products in adjacent categories under the company's large brand umbrellas",
    "gold_effect": "lower customer acquisition costs and is an indication of brand equity",
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  {
    "input": "With over half of its sales into the transportation market--specifically with 42% of revenue coming from auto-TE's revenue and profits can be vulnerable to fluctuations and cycles in global automotive production.",
    "output": "[Cause] over half of its sales into the transportation market, specifically with 42% of revenue coming from auto-TE's revenue [Relation] cause [Effect] revenue and profits can be vulnerable to fluctuations and cycles in global automotive production",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "over half of its sales into the transportation market, specifically with 42% of revenue coming from auto-TE's revenue",
    "pred_effect": "revenue and profits can be vulnerable to fluctuations and cycles in global automotive production",
    "gold_cause": "over half of its sales into the transportation market",
    "gold_effect": "be vulnerable to fluctuations and cycles in global automotive production",
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  {
    "input": "We also expect the increasing awareness of the importance of software security in chips and applications to propel mid- to high-teens growth for Synopsys' newer software integrity segment, with total revenue surpassing $700 million in fiscal 2025.",
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    "pred_cause": "increasing awareness of the importance of software security in chips and applications",
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    "gold_effect": "propel mid- to high-teens growth for Synopsys' newer software integrity segment",
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  {
    "input": "We suspect that the traffic-driving values that Costco offers in its stores are fueled by cost leverage and procurement strength that, in turn, feeds additional store visits.",
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    "pred_cause": "cost leverage and procurement strength",
    "pred_effect": "traffic-driving values that Costco offers in its stores",
    "gold_cause": "cost leverage and procurement strength",
    "gold_effect": "the traffic-driving values that Costco offers in its stores",
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  {
    "input": "With disproportionate exposure to on-premises channels, particularly in Europe, the business will remain challenged throughout 2020 (we model 8% and 18% declines, respectively, for revenue and profits).",
    "output": "[Cause] disproportionate exposure to on-premises channels, particularly in Europe [Relation] cause [Effect] the business will remain challenged throughout 2020",
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    "pred_cause": "disproportionate exposure to on-premises channels, particularly in Europe",
    "pred_effect": "the business will remain challenged throughout 2020",
    "gold_cause": "disproportionate exposure to on-premises channels",
    "gold_effect": "the business will remain challenged throughout 2020 (we model 8% and 18% declines, respectively, for revenue and profits)",
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    "input": "Still, any evidence that an alternative oximeter performs comparably could lead to lower rates of contract renewals and force Masimo into a pricing war to keep customers.",
    "output": "[Cause] evidence that an alternative oximeter performs comparably [Relation] cause [Effect] lower rates of contract renewals and force Masimo into a pricing war to keep customers",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "evidence that an alternative oximeter performs comparably",
    "pred_effect": "lower rates of contract renewals and force Masimo into a pricing war to keep customers",
    "gold_cause": "any evidence that an alternative oximeter performs comparably",
    "gold_effect": "lower rates of contract renewals and force Masimo into a pricing war to keep customers",
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    "input": "COVID-19 had a pronounced impact on global travel demand, causing Las Vegas Sands' total 2020 revenue to decline 74%.",
    "output": "[Cause] COVID-19 had a pronounced impact on global travel demand [Relation] cause [Effect] causing Las Vegas Sands' total 2020 revenue to decline 74%",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "COVID-19 had a pronounced impact on global travel demand",
    "pred_effect": "causing Las Vegas Sands' total 2020 revenue to decline 74%",
    "gold_cause": "a pronounced impact on global travel demand",
    "gold_effect": "Las Vegas Sands' total 2020 revenue to decline 74%",
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  {
    "input": "Internationally, the company risks marketing improperly to audiences in Australia or franchise markets, which could have different consumption preferences than Americans do, and entering into markets where market incumbents exist.",
    "output": "[Cause] different consumption preferences than Americans do | market incumbents exist [Relation] cause [Effect] the company risks marketing improperly to audiences in Australia or franchise markets | entering into markets",
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    "pred_cause": "different consumption preferences than Americans do",
    "pred_effect": "entering into markets",
    "gold_cause": "the company risks marketing improperly to audiences in Australia or franchise markets, which could have different consumption preferences than Americans do",
    "gold_effect": "entering into markets where market incumbents exist",
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  {
    "input": "The company produces chemicals from high-sulfur coal, which expose it to potential emissions regulations that could disproportionately affect Eastman over other chemicals producers that use only natural gas.",
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    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "The company produces chemicals from high-sulfur coal",
    "pred_effect": "expose it to potential emissions regulations that could disproportionately affect Eastman over other chemicals producers that use only natural gas",
    "gold_cause": "The company produces chemicals from high-sulfur coal",
    "gold_effect": "potential emissions regulations",
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  {
    "input": "If lockdowns are extended, or if the consumer is slow to return to the on trade, margins may remain depressed for an extended period of time.",
    "output": "[Cause] Lockdowns are extended, or if the consumer is slow to return to the on trade [Relation] dependent on [Effect] Margins may remain depressed for an extended period of time",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "Lockdowns are extended, or if the consumer is slow to return to the on trade",
    "pred_effect": "Margins may remain depressed for an extended period of time",
    "gold_cause": "lockdowns are extended, or if the consumer is slow to return to the on trade",
    "gold_effect": "margins may remain depressed for an extended period of time",
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  {
    "input": "During the course of his campaign, Donald Trump claimed that he would shut down U.S.-to-Mexico remittances to leverage the Mexican government to pay for the construction of the wall.",
    "output": "[Cause] Donald Trump claimed that he would shut down U.S.-to-Mexico remittances [Relation] enable [Effect] leverage the Mexican government to pay for the construction of the wall",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "Donald Trump claimed that he would shut down U.S.-to-Mexico remittances",
    "pred_effect": "leverage the Mexican government to pay for the construction of the wall",
    "gold_cause": "shut down U.S.-to-Mexico remittances",
    "gold_effect": "leverage the Mexican government to pay for the construction of the wall",
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  {
    "input": "The E&amp;P business also faced new challenges as the government revised existing oil and gas laws so that Petrobras would have to participate in future offshore licenses at less attractive financial terms.",
    "output": "[Cause] the government revised existing oil and gas laws [Relation] cause [Effect] Petrobras would have to participate in future offshore licenses at less attractive financial terms",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "the government revised existing oil and gas laws",
    "pred_effect": "Petrobras would have to participate in future offshore licenses at less attractive financial terms",
    "gold_cause": "government revised existing oil and gas laws",
    "gold_effect": "Petrobras would have to participate in future offshore licenses at less attractive financial terms",
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  {
    "input": "However, the ability to consistently price above the rate of volume declines should ensure that Altria can continue to increase its revenue, earnings, and dividend.",
    "output": "[Cause] the ability to consistently price above the rate of volume declines [Relation] enable [Effect] ensure that Altria can continue to increase its revenue, earnings, and dividend",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "the ability to consistently price above the rate of volume declines",
    "pred_effect": "ensure that Altria can continue to increase its revenue, earnings, and dividend",
    "gold_cause": "the ability to consistently price above the rate of volume declines",
    "gold_effect": "Altria can continue to increase its revenue, earnings, and dividend",
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  {
    "input": "Limited exposure to the retail market (27% of AUM) and broader geographic exposure also leave the firm better positioned than some of its peers.",
    "output": "[Cause] Limited exposure to the retail market (27% of AUM) and broader geographic exposure [Relation] cause [Effect] leave the firm better positioned than some of its peers",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "Limited exposure to the retail market (27% of AUM) and broader geographic exposure",
    "pred_effect": "leave the firm better positioned than some of its peers",
    "gold_cause": "Limited exposure to the retail market (27% of AUM) and broader geographic exposure",
    "gold_effect": "the firm better positioned than some of its peers",
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  {
    "input": "Republic has a large amount of goodwill on its balance sheet from its 2008 merger with Allied Waste, and this dynamic has resulted in a relatively narrow spread between the firm's return on invested capital and its cost of capital.",
    "output": "[Cause] large amount of goodwill on its balance sheet from its 2008 merger with Allied Waste [Relation] cause [Effect] relatively narrow spread between the firm's return on invested capital and its cost of capital",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "large amount of goodwill on its balance sheet from its 2008 merger with Allied Waste",
    "pred_effect": "relatively narrow spread between the firm's return on invested capital and its cost of capital",
    "gold_cause": "Republic has a large amount of goodwill on its balance sheet from its 2008 merger with Allied Waste",
    "gold_effect": "a relatively narrow spread between the firm's return on invested capital and its cost of capital",
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    "cosine": 1.407486915588379,
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  {
    "input": "In addition to fluctuations in trading volume, Nasdaq is subject to regulation by the SEC, which could limit an exchange's ability to raise prices and offer certain products.",
    "output": "[Cause] regulation by the SEC [Relation] cause [Effect] limit an exchange's ability to raise prices and offer certain products",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "regulation by the SEC",
    "pred_effect": "limit an exchange's ability to raise prices and offer certain products",
    "gold_cause": "subject to regulation by the SEC",
    "gold_effect": "limit an exchange's ability to raise prices and offer certain products",
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  {
    "input": "Over the near term, Hasbro still faces some risk surrounding COVID-19 (supply chain and production delays if further closures ensue).",
    "output": "[Cause] risk surrounding COVID-19 (supply chain and production delays if further closures ensue) [Relation] cause [Effect] Hasbro still faces some risk over the near term",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "risk surrounding COVID-19 (supply chain and production delays if further closures ensue)",
    "pred_effect": "Hasbro still faces some risk over the near term",
    "gold_cause": "COVID-19",
    "gold_effect": "Hasbro still faces some risk",
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  {
    "input": "However, its operating margins may get some benefit from its cost-reduction plan, which includes reductions in areas like logistics and technology, lower real estate costs, greater supply chain efficiency, and improved pricing and product mix.",
    "output": "[Cause] cost-reduction plan, which includes reductions in areas like logistics and technology, lower real estate costs, greater supply chain efficiency, and improved pricing and product mix [Relation] enable [Effect] operating margins may get some benefit",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "cost-reduction plan, which includes reductions in areas like logistics and technology, lower real estate costs, greater supply chain efficiency, and improved pricing and product mix",
    "pred_effect": "operating margins may get some benefit",
    "gold_cause": "cost-reduction plan",
    "gold_effect": "operating margins",
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  {
    "input": "With the entertainment and enterprise businesses shrinking, we expect consolidated revenue growth of less than 2% annually over the next five years.",
    "output": "[Cause] the entertainment and enterprise businesses shrinking [Relation] cause [Effect] expect consolidated revenue growth of less than 2% annually over the next five years",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "the entertainment and enterprise businesses shrinking",
    "pred_effect": "expect consolidated revenue growth of less than 2% annually over the next five years",
    "gold_cause": "the entertainment and enterprise businesses shrinking",
    "gold_effect": "consolidated revenue growth of less than 2% annually over the next five years",
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    "cosine": 1.4667965173721313,
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  {
    "input": "Finally, we expect the firm's mature display technologies segment to grow at a rate of 1% over our forecast, as increases in average screen size offset mid-single-digit pricing declines.",
    "output": "[Cause] increases in average screen size [Relation] enable [Effect] firm's mature display technologies segment to grow at a rate of 1%",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "increases in average screen size",
    "pred_effect": "firm's mature display technologies segment to grow at a rate of 1%",
    "gold_cause": "increases in average screen size offset mid-single-digit pricing declines",
    "gold_effect": "the firm's mature display technologies segment to grow at a rate of 1% over our forecast",
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  {
    "input": "Musk is barred from holding the chairman role for three years following a 2018 settlement with the SEC on a civil securities fraud complaint.",
    "output": "[Cause] a 2018 settlement with the SEC on a civil securities fraud complaint [Relation] cause [Effect] Musk is barred from holding the chairman role for three years",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "a 2018 settlement with the SEC on a civil securities fraud complaint",
    "pred_effect": "Musk is barred from holding the chairman role for three years",
    "gold_cause": "the SEC on a civil securities fraud complaint",
    "gold_effect": "Musk is barred from holding the chairman role for three years following a 2018 settlement",
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  {
    "input": "We estimate consolidated operating margins will average 3.3% for the next four years (2021-24) as we expect COVID-19 pandemic-related margin pressures to abate in 2021 and ramp further heading into 2022.",
    "output": "[Cause] COVID-19 pandemic-related margin pressures to abate in 2021 and ramp further heading into 2022 [Relation] cause [Effect] estimated consolidated operating margins will average 3.3% for the next four years (2021-24)",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "COVID-19 pandemic-related margin pressures to abate in 2021 and ramp further heading into 2022",
    "pred_effect": "estimated consolidated operating margins will average 3.3% for the next four years (2021-24)",
    "gold_cause": "COVID-19 pandemic-related margin pressures to abate in 2021 and ramp further heading into 2022",
    "gold_effect": "consolidated operating margins will average 3.3% for the next four years (2021-24)",
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    "cosine": 1.4949369430541992,
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  {
    "input": "Conversely, we think revenue will be driven by price/mix in North America (roughly 2.5%) and Latin America (approximately 6%), as the mature markets of the U.S., Mexico, and Brazil facilitate innovative line extensions and healthy rate increases.",
    "output": "[Cause] mature markets of the U.S., Mexico, and Brazil facilitate innovative line extensions and healthy rate increases [Relation] enable [Effect] revenue will be driven by price/mix in North America (roughly 2.5%) and Latin America (approximately 6%)",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "mature markets of the U.S., Mexico, and Brazil facilitate innovative line extensions and healthy rate increases",
    "pred_effect": "revenue will be driven by price/mix in North America (roughly 2.5%) and Latin America (approximately 6%)",
    "gold_cause": "the mature markets of the U.S., Mexico, and Brazil facilitate innovative line extensions and healthy rate increases",
    "gold_effect": "revenue will be driven by price/mix in North America (roughly 2.5%) and Latin America",
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  {
    "input": "While 2020 was a challenging year, we expect that the reopening of venues in 2021 and pent-up demand for fans and artists will help the firm reach its 2019 revenue level by 2022.",
    "output": "[Cause] reopening of venues in 2021 and pent-up demand for fans and artists [Relation] enable [Effect] help the firm reach its 2019 revenue level by 2022",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "reopening of venues in 2021 and pent-up demand for fans and artists",
    "pred_effect": "help the firm reach its 2019 revenue level by 2022",
    "gold_cause": "the reopening of venues in 2021 and pent-up demand for fans and artists",
    "gold_effect": "the firm reach its 2019 revenue level by 2022",
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  {
    "input": "However, we anticipate a return to historical levels of 29% by 2022, followed by another 100-basis-point increase to 30%, as efficiencies generally offset pricing pressure from greater competition.",
    "output": "[Cause] efficiencies generally offset pricing pressure from greater competition [Relation] enable [Effect] anticipate a return to historical levels of 29% by 2022, followed by another 100-basis-point increase to 30%",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "efficiencies generally offset pricing pressure from greater competition",
    "pred_effect": "anticipate a return to historical levels of 29% by 2022, followed by another 100-basis-point increase to 30%",
    "gold_cause": "efficiencies generally offset pricing pressure from greater competition",
    "gold_effect": "a return to historical levels of 29% by 2022, followed by another 100-basis-point increase to 30%",
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  {
    "input": "Further, in contrast to most of its peers, J&J faces the majority of its near-term patent losses on hard-to-make complex drugs, which should likely slow generic drug competition.",
    "output": "[Cause] J&J faces the majority of its near-term patent losses on hard-to-make complex drugs [Relation] prevent [Effect] should likely slow generic drug competition",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "J&J faces the majority of its near-term patent losses on hard-to-make complex drugs",
    "pred_effect": "should likely slow generic drug competition",
    "gold_cause": "the majority of its near-term patent losses on hard-to-make complex drugs",
    "gold_effect": "slow generic drug competition",
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    "cosine": 1.39469313621521,
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  {
    "input": "Our uncertainty rating also considers the increasing complexity of enterprise IT and the risks of falling behind in such capabilities as well as perception risk that could cause distrust in the company's offerings--brought upon by a security compromising event, which are not uncommon in the industry.",
    "output": "[Cause] increasing complexity of enterprise IT and the risks of falling behind in such capabilities [Relation] cause [Effect] perception risk that could cause distrust in the company's offerings",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "increasing complexity of enterprise IT and the risks of falling behind in such capabilities",
    "pred_effect": "perception risk that could cause distrust in the company's offerings",
    "gold_cause": "the increasing complexity of enterprise IT and the risks of falling behind in such capabilities as well as perception risk",
    "gold_effect": "distrust in the company's offerings",
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  {
    "input": "Further, AbbVie's high concentration of Humira sales makes the company significantly exposed to any new competitive threats to Humira, both from biosimilars and new branded drug competition.",
    "output": "[Cause] high concentration of Humira sales [Relation] cause [Effect] significantly exposed to any new competitive threats to Humira, both from biosimilars and new branded drug competition",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "high concentration of Humira sales",
    "pred_effect": "significantly exposed to any new competitive threats to Humira, both from biosimilars and new branded drug competition",
    "gold_cause": "AbbVie's high concentration of Humira sales",
    "gold_effect": "the company significantly exposed to any new competitive threats to Humira, both from biosimilars and new branded drug competition",
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  {
    "input": "Moreover, with retail landlords looking for tenants to fill unoccupied real estate, we believe new fast-casual restaurant concepts will continue to come to market and pursue aggressive growth plans.",
    "output": "[Cause] retail landlords looking for tenants to fill unoccupied real estate [Relation] enable [Effect] new fast-casual restaurant concepts will continue to come to market and pursue aggressive growth plans",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "retail landlords looking for tenants to fill unoccupied real estate",
    "pred_effect": "new fast-casual restaurant concepts will continue to come to market and pursue aggressive growth plans",
    "gold_cause": "with retail landlords looking for tenants to fill unoccupied real estate",
    "gold_effect": "we believe new fast-casual restaurant concepts will continue to come to market and pursue aggressive growth plans",
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  {
    "input": "Idex's investments in innovation have allowed it to capture incremental market share gains through introductions of new and improved products, as well as entry into adjacent markets.",
    "output": "[Cause] Idex's investments in innovation [Relation] enable [Effect] capture incremental market share gains through introductions of new and improved products, as well as entry into adjacent markets",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "Idex's investments in innovation",
    "pred_effect": "capture incremental market share gains through introductions of new and improved products, as well as entry into adjacent markets",
    "gold_cause": "Idex's investments in innovation",
    "gold_effect": "capture incremental market share gains through introductions of new and improved products",
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  {
    "input": "Its product portfolio is protected by patents that last 20 years and enables PerkinElmer to strengthen its position in emerging markets.",
    "output": "[Cause] patents that last 20 years [Relation] enable [Effect] enables PerkinElmer to strengthen its position in emerging markets",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "patents that last 20 years",
    "pred_effect": "enables PerkinElmer to strengthen its position in emerging markets",
    "gold_cause": "Its product portfolio is protected by patents that last 20 years",
    "gold_effect": "PerkinElmer to strengthen its position in emerging markets",
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  {
    "input": "CROs use their expertise in trial design and execution to balance quick trial starts with statistically significant results, allowing their biotech and pharma clients to focus on their core competencies of drug discovery and commercialization.",
    "output": "[Cause] CROs use their expertise in trial design and execution to balance quick trial starts with statistically significant results [Relation] enable [Effect] allowing their biotech and pharma clients to focus on their core competencies of drug discovery and commercialization",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "CROs use their expertise in trial design and execution to balance quick trial starts with statistically significant results",
    "pred_effect": "allowing their biotech and pharma clients to focus on their core competencies of drug discovery and commercialization",
    "gold_cause": "CROs use their expertise in trial design and execution to balance quick trial starts with statistically significant results",
    "gold_effect": "their biotech and pharma clients to focus on their core competencies of drug discovery and commercialization",
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  {
    "input": "Coupa should benefit from operating leverage, and we expect expansion in GAAP operating margin from negative 31% in fiscal 2021 to 4% in fiscal 2026.",
    "output": "[Cause] operating leverage [Relation] enable [Effect] expect expansion in GAAP operating margin from negative 31% in fiscal 2021 to 4% in fiscal 2026",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "operating leverage",
    "pred_effect": "expect expansion in GAAP operating margin from negative 31% in fiscal 2021 to 4% in fiscal 2026",
    "gold_cause": "Coupa should benefit from operating leverage,",
    "gold_effect": "we expect expansion in GAAP operating margin from negative 31% in fiscal 2021 to 4% in fiscal 2026.",
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  {
    "input": "Our fair value uncertainty rating for Facebook is high, based on uncertainty over future advertising growth rates and additional regulations restricting Facebook's access to and use of data, both of which drive growth in the firm's source of revenue.",
    "output": "[Cause] uncertainty over future advertising growth rates and additional regulations restricting Facebook's access to and use of data [Relation] cause [Effect] fair value uncertainty rating for Facebook is high",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "uncertainty over future advertising growth rates and additional regulations restricting Facebook's access to and use of data",
    "pred_effect": "fair value uncertainty rating for Facebook is high",
    "gold_cause": "uncertainty over future advertising growth rates and additional regulations restricting Facebook's access to and use of data",
    "gold_effect": "Our fair value uncertainty rating for Facebook is high",
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  {
    "input": "Excluding those factors, we don't expect much underlying margin improvement, as we believe the reinvestment needs of the business will offset its inherent scalability for the foreseeable future.",
    "output": "[Cause] the reinvestment needs of the business will offset its inherent scalability [Relation] prevent [Effect] don't expect much underlying margin improvement",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "the reinvestment needs of the business will offset its inherent scalability",
    "pred_effect": "don't expect much underlying margin improvement",
    "gold_cause": "the reinvestment needs of the business will offset its inherent scalability for the foreseeable future",
    "gold_effect": "much underlying margin improvement",
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    "cause_excess_count": 4,
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    "cosine": 1.4533357620239258,
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  {
    "input": "We expect operating margins to widen to 35.1% in 2024 from 33.4% in 2019, as gross margin pressure subsides, administrative costs are leveraged, and outbound freight costs are optimized through technology-enabled capabilities and a denser copacking footprint.",
    "output": "[Cause] gross margin pressure subsides, administrative costs are leveraged, and outbound freight costs are optimized through technology-enabled capabilities and a denser copacking footprint [Relation] enable [Effect] operating margins to widen to 35.1% in 2024 from 33.4% in 2019",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "gross margin pressure subsides, administrative costs are leveraged, and outbound freight costs are optimized through technology-enabled capabilities and a denser copacking footprint",
    "pred_effect": "operating margins to widen to 35.1% in 2024 from 33.4% in 2019",
    "gold_cause": "as gross margin pressure subsides, administrative costs are leveraged, and outbound freight costs are optimized through technology-enabled capabilities and a denser copacking footprint.",
    "gold_effect": "operating margins to widen to 35.1% in 2024 from 33.4% in 2019,",
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    "cosine": 1.4870957732200623,
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  {
    "input": "We think the company can increase operating margin including equity income over the next several years by restructuring its operations to be a better manufacturer.",
    "output": "[Cause] restructuring its operations to be a better manufacturer [Relation] enable [Effect] the company can increase operating margin including equity income over the next several years",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "restructuring its operations to be a better manufacturer",
    "pred_effect": "the company can increase operating margin including equity income over the next several years",
    "gold_cause": "restructuring its operations to be a better manufacturer",
    "gold_effect": "We think the company can increase operating margin including equity income over the next several years",
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  {
    "input": "In our view, Cogent's biggest ESG risk is that of a data or security breach, given the firm is one of the biggest Internet transit providers in the world and runs corporate networks, resulting in individuals' and corporations' most sensitive information in its care.",
    "output": "[Cause] Cogent being one of the biggest Internet transit providers in the world and running corporate networks, resulting in individuals' and corporations' most sensitive information in its care [Relation] cause [Effect] Cogent's biggest ESG risk is that of a data or security breach",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "Cogent being one of the biggest Internet transit providers in the world and running corporate networks, resulting in individuals' and corporations' most sensitive information in its care",
    "pred_effect": "Cogent's biggest ESG risk is that of a data or security breach",
    "gold_cause": "individuals' and corporations' most sensitive information in its care",
    "gold_effect": "Cogent's biggest ESG risk is that of a data or security breach",
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    "cause_excess_count": 18,
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  {
    "input": "Owing to heavy competition with Qunar and eLong in 2014 and 2015, Ctrip's margins declined significantly, and the ROIC decreased from over 80% to negative 2.8% in 2014 and 1.9% in 2015.",
    "output": "[Cause] heavy competition with Qunar and eLong in 2014 and 2015 [Relation] cause [Effect] Ctrip's margins declined significantly",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "heavy competition with Qunar and eLong in 2014 and 2015",
    "pred_effect": "Ctrip's margins declined significantly",
    "gold_cause": "heavy competition with Qunar and eLong in 2014 and 2015",
    "gold_effect": "Ctrip's margins declined significantly, and the ROIC decreased from over 80% to negative 2.8% in 2014 and 1.9% in 2015",
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  {
    "input": "Given the short-term nature of these leases and the growing demand for self-storage space, management had been able to achieve material rent increases from new and existing tenants prior to the outbreak of the coronavirus.",
    "output": "[Cause] short-term nature of these leases and the growing demand for self-storage space [Relation] enable [Effect] management had been able to achieve material rent increases from new and existing tenants prior to the outbreak of the coronavirus",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "short-term nature of these leases and the growing demand for self-storage space",
    "pred_effect": "management had been able to achieve material rent increases from new and existing tenants prior to the outbreak of the coronavirus",
    "gold_cause": "the short-term nature of these leases and the growing demand for self-storage space",
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    "input": "In total, we expect revenue will increase about 5% annually through 2025, with growth higher over the next three years as the market bounces back from the pandemic.",
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    "input": "Customer service is another mission-critical function that directly helps a company attract and retain customers and therefore also is associated with driving revenue.",
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    "input": "Additionally, higher inflation could limit earnings growth since Mettler may find it difficult to pass along price increases to customers above the typical 2%-3% range.",
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    "input": "Tough German labor unions, in conjunction with political sympathy for domestic labor, could make it difficult for the company to rationalize capacity in its home market, if management should find it necessary.",
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    "input": "We think Hospira's experience from 2010-15 is strong evidence of this dynamic--despite recurring regulatory and manufacturing concerns that resulted in a full import ban on new pump sales from 2013-15, and safety-related regulatory concerns like this are the firm's key environment, social, and governance risk.",
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    "input": "If the two sides are unable to extend the lease, SQM would see a substantial decline in cash flows after 2030.",
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    "input": "On the other hand, we think Canon has developed a strong hook with customers on DSLR cameras, which prevents customers from choosing other brands when buying new products.",
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    "input": "We also believe the segment can maintain its customer retention rates. As a result, we also model top-line organic growth at about 5% over the next 10 years, in line with our application software projections.",
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    "input": "These benefits come at a cost because diesel engines experience much higher cylinder pressures than gasoline engines and therefore require beefed-up components, such as heavier engine blocks.",
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    "input": "The extensive bottling and distribution network yields symbiotic benefits to the firm's market share, as innovative products can be scaled broadly, helping to maintain consumer awareness of its brands.",
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    "input": "Packaged-goods manufacturers have taken advantage of the recently benign commodity cost environment to lower prices in some markets, a strategy designed to help mitigate the loss of middle-market retailers to both discounters and high-end stores, but it has weighed on most manufacturers' organic growth.",
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    "input": "Being a wealth management firm, LPL has earnings that are highly exposed to changes in the stock market and interest rates.",
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    "input": "Given the dominant position of rating agencies, over the long run, it is possible that S&P and Moody's could draw scrutiny from antitrust officials.",
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    "input": "The Ionis portfolio is a mix of partnerships and wholly owned projects, and outsourcing the higher-cost clinical trials to partners helps the firm avoid major value destruction, even if several programs fail to reach the market.",
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    "input": "Risks around additional waves of COVID-19 cases and elongated time until effective treatments and vaccines are globally available remains, which could delay our forecast recovery in demand.",
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    "input": "But we expect the gross margin to improve as more consumers consume JD's goods and services and JD's bargaining power against suppliers increases.",
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    "input": "Sophisticated IT systems and market know-how enable customers to outsource intermodal shipping to an expert specialist, while Hub's large volume of loads and significant control of containers make it an attractive customer to the Class I railroads.",
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    "input": "As loans roll out of forbearance, particularly in consumer credit and consumer mortgage (which represents about one third of the loan book), we anticipate pressure as credit costs adjust to reflect underlying consumer health.",
    "output": "[Cause] loans roll out of forbearance, particularly in consumer credit and consumer mortgage [Relation] cause [Effect] anticipate pressure as credit costs adjust to reflect underlying consumer health",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "loans roll out of forbearance, particularly in consumer credit and consumer mortgage",
    "pred_effect": "anticipate pressure as credit costs adjust to reflect underlying consumer health",
    "gold_cause": "loans roll out of forbearance, particularly in consumer credit and consumer mortgage (which represents about one third of the loan book)",
    "gold_effect": "pressure as credit costs adjust to reflect underlying consumer health",
    "cause_substr": true,
    "effect_substr": true,
    "cause_excess_count": 9,
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    "tag": "substr_valid",
    "cosine": 1.4826887249946594,
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  {
    "input": "As such, we expect gross margins to gradually recover over the next 10 years as the firm improves the profitability of the Eby-Brown business with purchasing synergies, and customer and product mix benefits.",
    "output": "[Cause] firm improves the profitability of the Eby-Brown business with purchasing synergies, and customer and product mix benefits [Relation] enable [Effect] expect gross margins to gradually recover over the next 10 years",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "firm improves the profitability of the Eby-Brown business with purchasing synergies, and customer and product mix benefits",
    "pred_effect": "expect gross margins to gradually recover over the next 10 years",
    "gold_cause": "purchasing synergies, and customer and product mix benefits",
    "gold_effect": "we expect gross margins to gradually recover over the next 10 years as the firm improves the profitability of the Eby-Brown business",
    "cause_substr": true,
    "effect_substr": true,
    "cause_excess_count": 9,
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    "tag": "substr_invalid",
    "cosine": 1.4607638716697693,
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  {
    "input": "The company is subject to risk from underutilizing capacity, which is more likely in the event of an economic downturn or decline in biopharma funding.",
    "output": "[Cause] economic downturn or decline in biopharma funding [Relation] cause [Effect] underutilizing capacity",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "economic downturn or decline in biopharma funding",
    "pred_effect": "underutilizing capacity",
    "gold_cause": "an economic downturn or decline in biopharma funding",
    "gold_effect": "The company is subject to risk from underutilizing capacity",
    "cause_substr": true,
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    "cause_excess_count": 1,
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    "cosine": 1.4310634136199951,
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  {
    "input": "We think the low resistance potential and pan-genotypic efficacy of Gilead's regimens will allow the firm to retain close to 40% of the global HCV market in the long run, despite competition from AbbVie and Merck.",
    "output": "[Cause] the low resistance potential and pan-genotypic efficacy of Gilead's regimens [Relation] enable [Effect] allow the firm to retain close to 40% of the global HCV market in the long run",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "the low resistance potential and pan-genotypic efficacy of Gilead's regimens",
    "pred_effect": "allow the firm to retain close to 40% of the global HCV market in the long run",
    "gold_cause": "the low resistance potential and pan-genotypic efficacy of Gilead's regimens",
    "gold_effect": "the firm to retain close to 40% of the global HCV market in the long run",
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  {
    "input": "Due to decreasing reliance on its personnel base, we assume Accenture will benefit from some operating leverage on the SG&A line, aiding in operating margin expansion from 14.7% in fiscal 2020 to 15.9% in fiscal 2025.",
    "output": "[Cause] decreasing reliance on its personnel base [Relation] cause [Effect] Accenture will benefit from some operating leverage on the SG&A line, aiding in operating margin expansion from 14.7% in fiscal 2020 to 15.9% in fiscal 2025.",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "decreasing reliance on its personnel base",
    "pred_effect": "Accenture will benefit from some operating leverage on the SG&A line, aiding in operating margin expansion from 14.7% in fiscal 2020 to 15.9% in fiscal 2025.",
    "gold_cause": "decreasing reliance on its personnel base",
    "gold_effect": "Accenture will benefit from some operating leverage on the SG&A line",
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  {
    "input": "In particular, the risk from carbon emissions is most likely to materialize through some form of carbon pricing, which can increase the price of end products to consumers and reduce demand for oil and gas over time.",
    "output": "[Cause] carbon pricing [Relation] cause [Effect] increase the price of end products to consumers and reduce demand for oil and gas over time",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "carbon pricing",
    "pred_effect": "increase the price of end products to consumers and reduce demand for oil and gas over time",
    "gold_cause": "the risk from carbon emissions is most likely to materialize through some form of carbon pricing",
    "gold_effect": "increase the price of end products to consumers and reduce demand for oil and gas over time",
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    "cause_excess_count": 14,
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  {
    "input": "Management has said that with the addition of Ellie Mae, it expects its mortgage technology segment to achieve annual revenue growth of 8% to 10%.",
    "output": "[Cause] addition of Ellie Mae [Relation] enable [Effect] mortgage technology segment to achieve annual revenue growth of 8% to 10%",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "addition of Ellie Mae",
    "pred_effect": "mortgage technology segment to achieve annual revenue growth of 8% to 10%",
    "gold_cause": "with the addition of Ellie Mae",
    "gold_effect": "it expects its mortgage technology segment to achieve annual revenue growth of 8% to 10%",
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  {
    "input": "But even this modest impact overstates the economic reality, as much of the decline in growth is expected to come from a fall-off in deconversion fees, given that M&A activity among banks has declined significantly due to the uncertainty created by COVID-19.",
    "output": "[Cause] M&A activity among banks has declined significantly due to the uncertainty created by COVID-19 [Relation] cause [Effect] fall-off in deconversion fees",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "M&A activity among banks has declined significantly due to the uncertainty created by COVID-19",
    "pred_effect": "fall-off in deconversion fees",
    "gold_cause": "M&A activity among banks has declined significantly",
    "gold_effect": "much of the decline in growth is expected to come from a fall-off in deconversion fees",
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    "cause_excess_count": 7,
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    "input": "Manpower's focus on mostly national and multinational large-sized businesses (60% of 2020 revenue) weakens the advantage of its large database of resumes because large businesses have more bargaining power compared with small- and medium-sized businesses.",
    "output": "[Cause] Manpower's focus on mostly national and multinational large-sized businesses (60% of 2020 revenue) [Relation] cause [Effect] weakens the advantage of its large database of resumes",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "Manpower's focus on mostly national and multinational large-sized businesses (60% of 2020 revenue)",
    "pred_effect": "weakens the advantage of its large database of resumes",
    "gold_cause": "Manpower's focus on mostly national and multinational large-sized businesses (60% of 2020 revenue)",
    "gold_effect": "weakens the advantage of its large database of resumes because large businesses have more bargaining power compared with small- and medium-sized businesses",
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  {
    "input": "The toy industry was historically more capital-intensive than traditional retailing, given manufacturing demands, but Hasbro embarked on an asset light strategy in the prior decade (as of 2015, Hasbro no longer manufactured its own product, divesting its last facilities to Cartamundi), which improved working capital demands.",
    "output": "[Cause] Hasbro embarked on an asset light strategy [Relation] enable [Effect] improved working capital demands",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "Hasbro embarked on an asset light strategy",
    "pred_effect": "improved working capital demands",
    "gold_cause": "manufacturing demands, but Hasbro embarked on an asset light strategy in the prior decade",
    "gold_effect": "improved working capital demands",
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    "cause_excess_count": 7,
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  {
    "input": "Should the company be unable to bring its projects on line on time, it would be unlikely to maintain its historical production levels.",
    "output": "[Cause] unable to bring its projects on line on time [Relation] prevent [Effect] unlikely to maintain its historical production levels",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "unable to bring its projects on line on time",
    "pred_effect": "unlikely to maintain its historical production levels",
    "gold_cause": "the company be unable to bring its projects on line on time",
    "gold_effect": "it would be unlikely to maintain its historical production levels",
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  {
    "input": "Second, once Coupa's software is integrated, switching over to a new platform would give rise to business disruption and operational risk, potentially leading to inefficiencies and data loss.",
    "output": "[Cause] switching over to a new platform [Relation] cause [Effect] business disruption and operational risk, potentially leading to inefficiencies and data loss",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "switching over to a new platform",
    "pred_effect": "business disruption and operational risk, potentially leading to inefficiencies and data loss",
    "gold_cause": "once Coupa's software is integrated, switching over to a new platform would give rise to business disruption and operational risk",
    "gold_effect": "inefficiencies and data loss",
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  {
    "input": "Moreover, unlike CSDs, premium stock-keeping units tend to be offered by a litany of smaller competitors in addition to the large incumbents, and consequently there is much more fragmentation at the high end.",
    "output": "[Cause] premium stock-keeping units tend to be offered by a litany of smaller competitors in addition to the large incumbents [Relation] cause [Effect] there is much more fragmentation at the high end",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "premium stock-keeping units tend to be offered by a litany of smaller competitors in addition to the large incumbents",
    "pred_effect": "there is much more fragmentation at the high end",
    "gold_cause": "premium stock-keeping units tend to be offered by a litany of smaller competitors",
    "gold_effect": "more fragmentation at the high end",
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  {
    "input": "Europe has several rail OEMs, including Alstom and Siemens, and MT's competitive position on the Continent should help it capture additional project wins.",
    "output": "[Cause] MT's competitive position on the Continent [Relation] enable [Effect] help it capture additional project wins",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "MT's competitive position on the Continent",
    "pred_effect": "help it capture additional project wins",
    "gold_cause": "MT's competitive position on the Continent",
    "gold_effect": "it capture additional project wins",
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  {
    "input": "However, we believe that Swiss banks remain attractive to the world's elite for two main reasons: first, Swiss neutrality; and second, the Swiss franc.",
    "output": "[Cause] Swiss neutrality; the Swiss franc [Relation] cause [Effect] Swiss banks remain attractive to the world's elite for two main reasons",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "Swiss neutrality; the Swiss franc",
    "pred_effect": "Swiss banks remain attractive to the world's elite for two main reasons",
    "gold_cause": "Swiss neutrality",
    "gold_effect": "Swiss banks remain attractive to the world's elite",
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  {
    "input": "As Uber benefits from its network effect, we think it gains access to valuable intangible assets in the form of user data, which we suspect helps the firm improve its services and increase its vehicles' capacity utilization.",
    "output": "[Cause] Uber benefits from its network effect [Relation] enable [Effect] gains access to valuable intangible assets in the form of user data",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "Uber benefits from its network effect",
    "pred_effect": "gains access to valuable intangible assets in the form of user data",
    "gold_cause": "Uber benefits from its network effect",
    "gold_effect": "it gains access to valuable intangible assets in the form of user data",
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  {
    "input": "Walmart's broad distribution network in the United States that encompasses urban, suburban, and rural markets, coupled with access to international customers in a variety of locales, makes it a particularly attractive partner for vendors with broad product portfolios targeted toward global and regional tastes.",
    "output": "[Cause] Walmart's broad distribution network in the United States that encompasses urban, suburban, and rural markets, coupled with access to international customers in a variety of locales [Relation] enable [Effect] makes it a particularly attractive partner for vendors with broad product portfolios targeted toward global and regional tastes",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "Walmart's broad distribution network in the United States that encompasses urban, suburban, and rural markets, coupled with access to international customers in a variety of locales",
    "pred_effect": "makes it a particularly attractive partner for vendors with broad product portfolios targeted toward global and regional tastes",
    "gold_cause": "Walmart's broad distribution network in the United States that encompasses urban, suburban, and rural markets, coupled with access to international customers in a variety of locales",
    "gold_effect": "it a particularly attractive partner for vendors with broad product portfolios targeted toward global and regional tastes",
    "cause_substr": true,
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  {
    "input": "We think the company's strong distribution network will support its ability to keep order fulfillment rates high in both aftermarket and salvage products.",
    "output": "[Cause] the company's strong distribution network [Relation] enable [Effect] support its ability to keep order fulfillment rates high in both aftermarket and salvage products",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "the company's strong distribution network",
    "pred_effect": "support its ability to keep order fulfillment rates high in both aftermarket and salvage products",
    "gold_cause": "the company's strong distribution network",
    "gold_effect": "its ability to keep order fulfillment rates high in both aftermarket and salvage products",
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  {
    "input": "Thanks to secular and technological trends driving increased connectivity, emissions, safety, and efficiency standards, demand for Littelfuse's products has been very strong over the five years.",
    "output": "[Cause] secular and technological trends driving increased connectivity, emissions, safety, and efficiency standards [Relation] cause [Effect] demand for Littelfuse's products has been very strong over the five years",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "secular and technological trends driving increased connectivity, emissions, safety, and efficiency standards",
    "pred_effect": "demand for Littelfuse's products has been very strong over the five years",
    "gold_cause": "increased connectivity, emissions, safety, and efficiency standards",
    "gold_effect": "demand for Littelfuse's products has been very strong over the five years",
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    "cause_excess_count": 5,
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  {
    "input": "Intel's cost advantage is manifested via large scale semiconductor fabrication facilities that cost $20 billion-plus and create significant barriers to entry.",
    "output": "[Cause] large scale semiconductor fabrication facilities that cost $20 billion-plus [Relation] enable [Effect] Intel's cost advantage is manifested",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "large scale semiconductor fabrication facilities that cost $20 billion-plus",
    "pred_effect": "Intel's cost advantage is manifested",
    "gold_cause": "large scale semiconductor fabrication facilities that cost $20 billion-plus",
    "gold_effect": "Intel's cost advantage",
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  {
    "input": "In our base case, we assume contractual rent growth and releasing spreads decline in New York City due to significant class A supply additions on the island of Manhattan and a coronavirus-related downturn.",
    "output": "[Cause] significant class A supply additions on the island of Manhattan and a coronavirus-related downturn [Relation] cause [Effect] assume contractual rent growth and releasing spreads decline in New York City",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "significant class A supply additions on the island of Manhattan and a coronavirus-related downturn",
    "pred_effect": "assume contractual rent growth and releasing spreads decline in New York City",
    "gold_cause": "significant class A supply additions on the island of Manhattan and a coronavirus-related downturn",
    "gold_effect": "In our base case, we assume contractual rent growth and releasing spreads decline in New York City",
    "cause_substr": true,
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  {
    "input": "Although a complete retooling of a supply chain such that food completely bypasses grocery stores would be a boon for Americold, we have yet to see evidence of such a dynamic.",
    "output": "[Cause] a complete retooling of a supply chain such that food completely bypasses grocery stores [Relation] enable [Effect] would be a boon for Americold",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "a complete retooling of a supply chain such that food completely bypasses grocery stores",
    "pred_effect": "would be a boon for Americold",
    "gold_cause": "a complete retooling of a supply chain such that food completely bypasses grocery stores",
    "gold_effect": "a boon for Americold",
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  {
    "input": "Technicians purchase tools at their own expense, making it important for them to buy strong-performing tools built for daily use.",
    "output": "[Cause] Technicians purchase tools at their own expense [Relation] cause [Effect] it is important for them to buy strong-performing tools built for daily use",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "Technicians purchase tools at their own expense",
    "pred_effect": "it is important for them to buy strong-performing tools built for daily use",
    "gold_cause": "Technicians purchase tools at their own expense",
    "gold_effect": "buy strong-performing tools built for daily use",
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  {
    "input": "While we expect the segment will continue gain leverage on its sales, we project that gross margins will continue to remain below 44% over the next five years. As a result, we expect the consolidated operating margin for Sirius XM will rebound from the low of 21% in 2019 but will take until 2025 to match the 30% level of 2018.",
    "output": "[Cause] gross margins will continue to remain below 44% over the next five years [Relation] cause [Effect] consolidated operating margin for Sirius XM will rebound from the low of 21% in 2019",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "gross margins will continue to remain below 44% over the next five years",
    "pred_effect": "consolidated operating margin for Sirius XM will rebound from the low of 21% in 2019",
    "gold_cause": "While we expect the segment will continue gain leverage on its sales, we project that gross margins will continue to remain below 44% over the next five years",
    "gold_effect": "the consolidated operating margin for Sirius XM will rebound from the low of 21% in 2019 but will take until 2025 to match the 30% level of 2018",
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  {
    "input": "Consumers' ever-increasing need for mobile data results and little geographic overlap with competitors results in normalized churn of about 1%.",
    "output": "[Cause] Consumers' ever-increasing need for mobile data [Relation] cause [Effect] normalized churn of about 1%",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "Consumers' ever-increasing need for mobile data",
    "pred_effect": "normalized churn of about 1%",
    "gold_cause": "Consumers' ever-increasing need for mobile data results and little geographic overlap with competitors",
    "gold_effect": "normalized churn of about 1%",
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  {
    "input": "Vulcan's largest states by revenue--Texas, California, Virginia, Georgia, and Florida--have significant road spending needs and strong finances to support high growth.",
    "output": "[Cause] significant road spending needs and strong finances to support high growth [Relation] cause [Effect] Vulcan's largest states by revenue--Texas, California, Virginia, Georgia, and Florida--have significant road spending needs and strong finances to support high growth",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "significant road spending needs and strong finances to support high growth",
    "pred_effect": "Vulcan's largest states by revenue--Texas, California, Virginia, Georgia, and Florida--have significant road spending needs and strong finances to support high growth",
    "gold_cause": "significant road spending needs and strong finances",
    "gold_effect": "support high growth",
    "cause_substr": true,
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  {
    "input": "In the near term, ConvaTec faces considerable operational risk as it transitions more of its manufacturing to lower-cost locations, re-engineers manufacturing processes, recovers from recalls, and navigates the process of management change.",
    "output": "[Cause] transitions more of its manufacturing to lower-cost locations, re-engineers manufacturing processes, recovers from recalls, and navigates the process of management change [Relation] cause [Effect] ConvaTec faces considerable operational risk",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "transitions more of its manufacturing to lower-cost locations, re-engineers manufacturing processes, recovers from recalls, and navigates the process of management change",
    "pred_effect": "ConvaTec faces considerable operational risk",
    "gold_cause": "it transitions more of its manufacturing to lower-cost locations, re-engineers manufacturing processes, recovers from recalls, and navigates the process of management change",
    "gold_effect": "ConvaTec faces considerable operational risk",
    "cause_substr": true,
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  {
    "input": "Wireless penetration stood at nearly 140% in 2015 as consumers regularly carried multiple carrier accounts to take advantage of whichever one was offering the best rates at any point in time.",
    "output": "[Cause] consumers regularly carried multiple carrier accounts to take advantage of whichever one was offering the best rates [Relation] enable [Effect] Wireless penetration stood at nearly 140% in 2015",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "consumers regularly carried multiple carrier accounts to take advantage of whichever one was offering the best rates",
    "pred_effect": "Wireless penetration stood at nearly 140% in 2015",
    "gold_cause": "consumers regularly carried multiple carrier accounts to take advantage of whichever one was offering the best rates at any point in time",
    "gold_effect": "Wireless penetration stood at nearly 140% in 2015",
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    "input": "Finally, we view the likelihood of sustained economic value creation as quite high for the restaurant brand, which finds itself on the leading edge of most of the changes we expect to impact the restaurant industry over the medium to long term.",
    "output": "[Cause] finds itself on the leading edge of most of the changes we expect to impact the restaurant industry over the medium to long term [Relation] enable [Effect] likelihood of sustained economic value creation as quite high for the restaurant brand",
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    "pred_cause": "finds itself on the leading edge of most of the changes we expect to impact the restaurant industry over the medium to long term",
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    "input": "Since gas typically represents only a fraction of total costs, customers are often willing to pay a premium and enter into long-term contracts with reputable distributors to ensure uninterrupted supply. As such, public industrial gas companies have historically earned returns in excess of their cost of capital, and we believe these lucrative profits will persist.",
    "output": "[Cause] customers are often willing to pay a premium and enter into long-term contracts with reputable distributors to ensure uninterrupted supply [Relation] enable [Effect] public industrial gas companies have historically earned returns in excess of their cost of capital",
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    "input": "We think HDDs are commoditylike even at the enterprise level, with Seagate and Western Digital matching each other's technological roadmaps and competing with one another for volume\u2014preventing both from earning pricing power.",
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    "pred_cause": "Seagate and Western Digital matching each other's technological roadmaps and competing with one another for volume",
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    "input": "We believe vendors achieve greater discretion in physical off-price venues as labels can be commingled on anonymous racks, with customers left to find bargains.",
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    "pred_cause": "labels can be commingled on anonymous racks",
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    "input": "We further project that recessionary conditions will follow into 2021, which translates into a gradual recovery from 2021 through 2023.",
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    "pred_cause": "recessionary conditions",
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    "gold_cause": "We further project that recessionary conditions will follow into 2021",
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    "input": "We also think the threat of Tencent re-entering into the microblog business in a big way is limited, as Tencent strategically reduced its resources in noncore businesses such as microblogs, e-commerce, and search, and is focused on QQ and WeChat.",
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    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "Tencent strategically reduced its resources in noncore businesses such as microblogs, e-commerce, and search, and is focused on QQ and WeChat",
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    "input": "While the company's Washington, D.C., facilities have struggled in recent years, the area is projected to be among the fastest-growing over the next few decades, which will bring more demand for self-storage to a market where Public Storage already enjoys a double-digit market share lead on its closest competitor.",
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    "pred_cause": "the area is projected to be among the fastest-growing over the next few decades",
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    "input": "Royal took quick action to reduce operating expenses and capital expenditures as a result of COVID-19 (we forecast capital expenditures of $2 billion in 2021, down from $3 billion in the prepandemic year of 2019).",
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    "input": "Given the large exposure to mortgages in the loan book (34% at the end of 2019), prepayment risk is a concern in a low-rate environment, shortening duration precisely when reinvestment rates are lowest.",
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    "input": "We forecast Adidas' North America sales will decline 11% in 2020 due to the virus but grow at an average of 7% in 2022-29.",
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    "input": "We see noninterest income increasing at a compound annual growth rate of roughly 2%-4% during normal times, with some pressure emerging in 2021 as we expect mortgage fees may fall off.",
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    "input": "We expect this elevated level of brand spending to continue, and as a result, we expect 14% operating margins by 2030, a material improvement from last year's 6.8%.",
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    "input": "If real-world evidence trials become more prevalent and PRA invests in proprietary analytics capabilities, we see some potential benefit from easy access to de-identified patient data, but we currently model only modest contribution from the data business.",
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    "input": "We expect roughly 1% revenue growth in 2020 from 2019 and a strong recovery in 2021, resulting in 12% revenue growth.",
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    "input": "Similarly, chip design is an iterative process in which adjusting the inputs and testing them at each stage (akin to tasting and modifying the stew) reduces chances of chip design errors.",
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    "input": "On a consolidated basis, we expect operating margins to rise as measures are taken to reduce overhead and streamline the combined business.",
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    "input": "Finally, a greater shift by enterprises toward infrastructure as a service cloud adoption could reduce their own need for server space, as their data is shifted to cloud providers' servers and stored more efficiently.",
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    "pred_cause": "a greater shift by enterprises toward infrastructure as a service cloud adoption",
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    "gold_cause": "a greater shift by enterprises toward infrastructure as a service cloud adoption",
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    "input": "Despite Cisco's commanding position in switches and routers, IT professionals are increasingly shifting computer workloads to the cloud, in turn buying less data center hardware.",
    "output": "[Cause] IT professionals are increasingly shifting computer workloads to the cloud [Relation] enable [Effect] buying less data center hardware",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "IT professionals are increasingly shifting computer workloads to the cloud",
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    "gold_cause": "Despite Cisco's commanding position in switches and routers, IT professionals are increasingly shifting computer workloads to the cloud",
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  {
    "input": "Any procedure or policy that is not consistent with the prevailing ethos gives rise to the possibility that a company's business model will be disrupted.",
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    "pred_cause": "Any procedure or policy that is not consistent with the prevailing ethos",
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    "gold_cause": "Any procedure or policy that is not consistent with the prevailing ethos",
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  {
    "input": "In the properties segment, we expect gross profit to be razor thin and improve slightly over time as Redfin pursues the requisite scale to operate effectively in the marketplace.",
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    "pred_effect": "expect gross profit to be razor thin and improve slightly over time",
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    "input": "Surface Transportation Board oversees railroads' pricing, thus there will always be underlying risk of reregulation for some of CP's U.S.",
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    "pred_cause": "Surface Transportation Board oversees railroads' pricing",
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    "input": "This stable of animated franchises will continue to grow as more popular movies get released by the animated studio and Pixar.",
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    "input": "A confluence of several issues--poor relative active investment performance, the growth of low-cost index-based products, and the expanding power of the retail-advised channel--has made it increasingly difficult for active asset managers to generate organic growth, leaving them more dependent on market gains to increase their assets under management.",
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    "input": "While we expect a gradual shift, allowing Valvoline to build its other offerings, a more rapid change coupled with a failure to differentiate in ancillary fluid markets could impair Valvoline's standing.",
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    "input": "We also believe Direct 360 (a premium coaching offering with live and on-demand content) will help attract a younger audience to the WW ecosystem and drive higher lifetime customer values.",
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  {
    "input": "This implies that as long as Verisign complies with the terms of the contract, it will not go up for bid and Verisign can simply automatically renew for the next six-year period.",
    "output": "[Cause] Verisign complies with the terms of the contract [Relation] enable [Effect] Verisign can simply automatically renew for the next six-year period",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "Verisign complies with the terms of the contract",
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    "gold_cause": "Verisign complies with the terms of the contract",
    "gold_effect": "it will not go up for bid and Verisign can simply automatically renew for the next six-year period",
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    "input": "This method has increased efficiency and lowered reconditioning costs per vehicle, which in turn raises gross profit per vehicle sold.",
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    "input": "On the medical technology side, we project sales growing at a roughly 7% compound annual growth rate over the next five years, fueled by continued strong growth in the reconstructive product lines.",
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    "pred_cause": "continued strong growth in the reconstructive product lines",
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    "input": "We believe the cost advantage associated with the firm's scope, together with the strength of its brand intangible assets, provides a durable competitive advantage that should shine through as the turnaround delivers results and Advance's performance gradually moves toward that of its peers.",
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    "input": "We continue to hold more optimistic expectations for advanced wound care and ostomy growth, as well as improved profitability as new CEO Karim Bitar digs in with his plans.",
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    "input": "Like other multi-industrials, Ametek is exposed to broader macroeconomic risk, which would result in a corresponding slowdown in its end markets.",
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    "input": "We expect reported sales will rise about 7%, while we expect adjusted operating margins will rise 190 basis points due to both operating leverage and continuous improvement initiatives.",
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    "pred_cause": "both operating leverage and continuous improvement initiatives",
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    "input": "The competitive price environment, structural growth of the discounters' channel, and potential deflationary pressures in the future constitute a toxic combination that could cause negative volume growth and margin pressure in a sector with already low profitability.",
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    "pred_cause": "competitive price environment, structural growth of the discounters' channel, and potential deflationary pressures in the future",
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    "pred_cause": "the company's acquisition-focused strategy",
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    "pred_cause": "Prologis' large presence in around 20 countries",
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    "gold_effect": "we think that over the long run, the company exhibits more sensitivity to international political tensions than some of its domestic competitors",
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    "pred_cause": "Tenants in these areas tend to have higher income and higher income growth than the national average",
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    "input": "The increase is attributable to CRH's favourable exposure to the U.S., where barriers to entry are higher than other regions, and which enjoys a favourable outlook due to increasing infrastructure spending.",
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    "input": "Our bookings growth forecast is now for 23.5% average annual growth during 2021-30 versus 21% prior, as demand recovery for Airbnb accommodations has ramped more quickly than previously expected.",
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    "input": "We expect economic profits to return as the pandemic eases, with our 10-year average estimate of adjusted return on invested capital in the high-20s.",
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    "input": "Also, Astra's operating structure allows for cost-cutting following patent losses to reduce the margin pressure from lost high-margin drug sales.",
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    "pred_cause": "Targa's leverage",
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    "input": "The firm's adjusted OR (expenses/revenue) improved, however, by 30 basis points to 64.4% (a company record) thanks to sustainable cost structure improvements rooted in PSR initiatives.",
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    "input": "We believe Trip.com's business is subject to high volatility, owing to the fierce competition and cyclical nature of the online travel industry.",
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    "input": "Intangible Assets  In its markets in which it holds a commanding volume share, Ambev has relationships with its customers in both the on trade and off trade that allow it to react quickly to negative competitive events.",
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    "input": "The built-up nature of central business districts across the country allows for a significant concentration of fungible office square footage within a limited area.",
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    "input": "Based on new user attraction/retention trends and off-platform payment growth, we believe 39% average annual top-line growth over the next five years is possible, with payments and other financial technology revenue outpacing marketplace revenue.",
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    "pred_cause": "new user attraction/retention trends and off-platform payment growth",
    "pred_effect": "39% average annual top-line growth over the next five years is possible",
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  {
    "input": "Given the administrative headache and added costs to servicing multiple suppliers, a customer would need to clear a high bar for switching suppliers, and we think this dynamic is evidenced by Sensata's largest 10 customers having an average relationship length of 31 years with the firm, per management.",
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    "input": "With a combination of expanding gross margins and incremental operating leverage, we expect Zebra's operating margin to hit 23% in 2025, compared with 15% in 2020.",
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  {
    "input": "We believe advertising demand will increase mainly for Tinder ad loads, as advertisers will be able to utilize the valuable user behavior data provided by Tinder to target the apps' millennial users more effectively.",
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    "pred_cause": "advertisers will be able to utilize the valuable user behavior data provided by Tinder to target the apps' millennial users more effectively",
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    "gold_effect": "We believe advertising demand will increase mainly for Tinder ad loads",
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    "input": "Furthermore, the company's nationwide footprint and simple inventory model allow it to leverage distribution and supply chain costs over a large sales base.",
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    "pred_cause": "the company's nationwide footprint and simple inventory model",
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    "input": "With a lower total cost of ownership from SSDs in many PC applications, we anticipate there will be an ongoing decline in annual HDD sales as SSDs increase share and as PC unit sales generally decline.",
    "output": "[Cause] lower total cost of ownership from SSDs in many PC applications [Relation] enable [Effect] ongoing decline in annual HDD sales",
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    "pred_effect": "ongoing decline in annual HDD sales",
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    "gold_effect": "we anticipate there will be an ongoing decline in annual HDD sales as SSDs increase share and as PC unit sales generally decline.",
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    "pred_cause": "university faculty members, researchers, specialized practitioners, and scientists depend on ready access to journal articles to stay current in their fields and disseminate their research",
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    "input": "Lastly, fluid handling benefits from its large installed base because customers tend to be risk-averse and often replace products like-for-like.",
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    "pred_cause": "This makes the products more appealing to distributors and retailers",
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    "input": "We project $200 million-$300 million in dispositions annually at an average cap rate of 5.25% and $100 million-$200 million of acquisitions at 4.75% cap rates as the company looks to recycle lower-quality assets to fund the acquisition of higher-quality assets.",
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    "pred_cause": "the company looks to recycle lower-quality assets",
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    "input": "AEP is addressing this risk through its capital investment program and the planned retirement of half its coal fleet by 2030. This will reduce coal generation as a share of AEP's total generation mix to roughly 20%, a number we think will continue to decline.",
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    "pred_cause": "capital investment program and the planned retirement of half its coal fleet by 2030",
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    "input": "Although we'd anticipate there could be years of economic profit generation when supply has been slow to respond with expansions, we do not have confidence that cannabis companies could consistently earn positive economic profits over the next decade.",
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    "gold_effect": "could be years of economic profit generation",
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    "pred_cause": "as the economy recovers and opportunities present themselves in California and Texas",
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    "pred_cause": "Faster Internet connections and more capable devices",
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    "gold_effect": "online television a more compelling alternative to traditional cable and satellite",
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    "pred_cause": "Five Below saw 10% comparable growth during the holiday season",
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    "pred_cause": "failure to gain meaningful share in wireless",
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    "pred_cause": "NEVA was able to automate a 2-minute process that the agent would complete over 900 times annually",
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    "pred_cause": "Sealed Air's market dominance in integrated packaging systems",
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    "input": "After reviewing Dover's 10-K and rolling our model, we raise our fair value estimate to $116 per share from $113, mostly due to slightly raising our midcycle margin, though this was offset by bringing down some of our organic revenue assumptions over the medium term.",
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    "pred_cause": "slightly raising our midcycle margin",
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    "input": "We think that centralizing research and development allows the firm to manufacture products for a materially lower cost than its competitors, all while using this hefty investment to maintain an innovation lead that results in leading share positions in its end markets.",
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    "pred_cause": "centralizing research and development",
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    "input": "However, the Direct Energy acquisition in 2021 expands NRG's retail presence in Texas and introduces the company to new retail markets outside Texas where it has no wholesale generation.",
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    "pred_cause": "the Direct Energy acquisition in 2021",
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    "input": "In one case study provided by Littelfuse, a manufacturing customer would incur $1 million in damage along with months of downtime due to a critical electrical failure connected to a transformer that could be prevented with an arc relay.",
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    "pred_cause": "a critical electrical failure connected to a transformer",
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    "input": "When combined with our expectation for few new towers built each year, we expect capital expenditures as a percentage of sales to drop substantially over the next decade.",
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    "pred_cause": "few new towers built each year",
    "pred_effect": "capital expenditures as a percentage of sales to drop substantially over the next decade",
    "gold_cause": "When combined with our expectation for few new towers built each year",
    "gold_effect": "we expect capital expenditures as a percentage of sales to drop substantially over the next decade",
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    "input": "A weak global employment market could also prompt potential money transfer customers to stay in their home countries or reduce the amount of money they can send home.",
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    "pred_cause": "A weak global employment market",
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    "gold_cause": "A weak global employment market",
    "gold_effect": "prompt potential money transfer customers to stay in their home countries or reduce the amount of money they can send home",
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    "input": "The short life-cycles and transient tastes of the smartphone market, and consumer products generally, mean research and development programs may develop costly products only to be unable to realize a suitable market.",
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    "pred_cause": "short life-cycles and transient tastes of the smartphone market, and consumer products generally",
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    "input": "Larger case volumes per store help food distributors manage delivery costs per case, particularly with expensive last-mile delivery, while in-house technological capabilities offer chains the advantage of paying for food products without added services such as inventory management, promotional strategies, or consulting services.",
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    "pred_cause": "Larger case volumes per store",
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    "input": "In our view, top-line growth will be driven by continued new logo wins, and rapid upsell into those clients once landed, with upsell coming from new seats, new features within a given solution, and ultimately additional products.",
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    "pred_cause": "continued new logo wins",
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    "input": "We believe that the increase in recurring revenue per client is largely due to clients adopting additional applications rather than an increase in head count.",
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    "pred_cause": "clients adopting additional applications",
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    "input": "On the consumer side, JPMorgan is able to cross-sell multiple products, providing advantaged pricing to key customer segments (such as through its Sapphire banking program), and spread the overall costs of customer acquisition across more revenue streams.",
    "output": "[Cause] JPMorgan is able to cross-sell multiple products, providing advantaged pricing to key customer segments (such as through its Sapphire banking program) [Relation] enable [Effect] spread the overall costs of customer acquisition across more revenue streams",
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    "input": "In periods of tight supply and favorable pricing, Seagate can earn excess returns on invested capital, but when the market hits oversupply, pricing falls, bringing Seagate's economic profits with it.",
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    "pred_cause": "periods of tight supply and favorable pricing",
    "pred_effect": "Seagate can earn excess returns on invested capital",
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    "gold_effect": "Seagate can earn excess returns on invested capital",
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    "input": "Adient is in the process of consolidating some of its Chinese seating joint ventures so it can pursue business with more Japanese, German, and startup electric vehicle firms.",
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    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "consolidating some of its Chinese seating joint ventures",
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    "gold_cause": "Adient is in the process of consolidating some of its Chinese seating joint ventures",
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    "input": "This ability of users to customize their Nice products and generate personalized analytics and integrations is likely to attract new customers, which in turn will attract new developers as they can reach a wider audience.",
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    "pred_cause": "ability of users to customize their Nice products and generate personalized analytics and integrations",
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    "input": "A small number of large apparel retailers have created a cost advantage by negotiating lower rates from suppliers and getting new products into their stores faster than others.",
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    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "getting new products into their stores faster than others",
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    "input": "We expect the company to increase the percentage of content on the broadcast network created in-house (currently above 70%) to fully capture the multiple cash flows that a hit show can produce.",
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    "pred_cause": "increase the percentage of content on the broadcast network created in-house",
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    "input": "In short, the pandemic has accelerated the broader shift to e-commerce sales, pulling forward years of B2C package growth and driving up residential deliveries for ground.",
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    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "the pandemic has accelerated the broader shift to e-commerce sales",
    "pred_effect": "pulling forward years of B2C package growth",
    "gold_cause": "the pandemic has accelerated the broader shift to e-commerce sales",
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    "input": "We think that any stagnation in Corning's ability to innovate, or renewed vigor or capital intensity from a competitor, could eat into Corning's leading market share.",
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    "pred_cause": "stagnation in Corning's ability to innovate, or renewed vigor or capital intensity from a competitor",
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    "input": "State and federal regulators typically grant regulated utilities exclusive rights to charge customers rates that allow the utilities to earn a fair return on and of the capital it invests to build, operate, and maintain their distribution networks.",
    "output": "[Cause] State and federal regulators typically grant regulated utilities exclusive rights [Relation] enable [Effect] utilities to earn a fair return on and of the capital it invests to build, operate, and maintain their distribution networks",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "State and federal regulators typically grant regulated utilities exclusive rights",
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    "input": "Along with competitor Arrow, we believe Avnet has positioned itself well to benefit from broad-based demand for electronic content in a variety of consumer products, automotive, medical, and industrial end markets, due to the growing need for connectivity and automation.",
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    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "the growing need for connectivity and automation",
    "pred_effect": "Avnet has positioned itself well to benefit from broad-based demand for electronic content in a variety of consumer products, automotive, medical, and industrial end markets",
    "gold_cause": "the growing need for connectivity and automation",
    "gold_effect": "we believe Avnet has positioned itself well to benefit from broad-based demand for electronic content in a variety of consumer products, automotive, medical, and industrial end markets",
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    "input": "Geographically, we expect the Mexico and Central America segment to outpace South America, particularly in price, owing to the company's dominance in Mexico.",
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    "pred_cause": "the company's dominance in Mexico",
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    "input": "While the intensity of new reward offers from its competitors has slackened from its peak, the overall trend of increasing rewards remains in place, and American Express will need to follow in order to stay relevant.",
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    "pred_cause": "the overall trend of increasing rewards remains in place",
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    "input": "Rebuilt North American and European herds should give way to higher slaughter rates in the coming years, boosting the amount of resin packaging sold by Sealed Air.",
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    "pred_cause": "Rebuilt North American and European herds",
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    "input": "We use a 6.9% weighted average cost of capital in our assumption, consistent with our view that the firm maintains low revenue sensitivity to systemic risk, due to the relative outperformance of value-oriented QSR concepts during periods of economic stress.",
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    "pred_cause": "relative outperformance of value-oriented QSR concepts during periods of economic stress",
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    "input": "We expect that COVID-19 will result in catastrophic 2020 results for Kohl's, as we forecast a sales decline of 20% and an adjusted EBITDA drop of more than 75%.",
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    "input": "Due to the low-risk nature of the utility and ASB, we assume a 7.5% cost of equity versus the 9% rate of return we expect investors will demand of a diversified equity portfolio.",
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    "pred_cause": "the low-risk nature of the utility and ASB",
    "pred_effect": "assume a 7.5% cost of equity",
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    "gold_effect": "we assume a 7.5% cost of equity versus",
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    "input": "For a time, this seemed to be happening, with the company experiencing a stretch of lower per unit revenue year over year from price competition.",
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    "pred_cause": "price competition",
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    "gold_cause": "price competition",
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    "input": "The existence of very large rig-building projects with corresponding large backlog levels could serve as a risk to National Oilwell Varco.",
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    "pred_cause": "existence of very large rig-building projects with corresponding large backlog levels",
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    "input": "The government solutions segment accounted for roughly 83% of the firm's backlog as of December 2020 (compared with only about 16% as of December 2014), and we expect the shift to long-term government contracts to result in a more stable portfolio.",
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    "pred_cause": "The shift to long-term government contracts",
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    "input": "Even if equipment sales dipped during an economic downturn, we expect overall growth would remain relatively stable, supported by a less cyclical sterilization business.",
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    "pred_cause": "a less cyclical sterilization business",
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    "gold_effect": "we expect overall growth would remain relatively stable",
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    "input": "K3 will not require the additional brine inflow expense, which averaged 10%-15% of cost of goods sold before the ramp-up of K3, which will provide Mosaic with more attractive unit costs.",
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    "pred_cause": "ramp-up of K3",
    "pred_effect": "K3 will not require the additional brine inflow expense",
    "gold_cause": "averaged 10%-15% of cost of goods sold before the ramp-up of K3",
    "gold_effect": "K3 will not require the additional brine inflow expense",
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    "input": "But overall, in the intermediate term, we remain unconvinced that emerging systems will dethrone Illumina's sequencing technologies, given the difficulties of commercializing new sequencing tools, especially compared with Illumina's tested and large installed system base.",
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    "pred_cause": "difficulties of commercializing new sequencing tools, especially compared with Illumina's tested and large installed system base",
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    "input": "Finally, we think the runaway cost of living in West Coast metros is an area of concern, given that this has the potential to push the tech industry's center of gravity away from these high-cost regions.",
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    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "runaway cost of living in West Coast metros",
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    "gold_cause": "the runaway cost of living in West Coast metros",
    "gold_effect": "push the tech industry's center of gravity away from these high-cost regions",
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    "input": "Commodity costs, declines in global vehicle production like the abrupt shutdowns the industry has experienced from the coronavirus pandemic, and longer-term, vehicle electrification represent the biggest risks to Tenneco.",
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    "pred_cause": "declines in global vehicle production like the abrupt shutdowns the industry has experienced from the coronavirus pandemic, and longer-term, vehicle electrification",
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    "gold_cause": "Commodity costs, declines in global vehicle production like the abrupt shutdowns the industry has experienced from the coronavirus pandemic, and longer-term, vehicle electrification represent",
    "gold_effect": "the biggest risks to Tenneco",
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    "input": "Once an index becomes dominant in a certain segment and has widespread acceptance among stakeholders, it tends to stay that way.",
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    "pred_cause": "an index becomes dominant in a certain segment and has widespread acceptance among stakeholders",
    "pred_effect": "tends to stay that way",
    "gold_cause": "Once an index becomes dominant in a certain segment and has widespread acceptance among stakeholders",
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    "input": "Despite Abbott's recent efforts to better insulate itself from recalls like the infant formula recall in China during 2013, the risk of product quality issues or recalls remains and can damage the firm's brands and its relationships with medical professionals.",
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    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "the risk of product quality issues or recalls remains",
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    "gold_cause": "the risk of product quality issues or recalls remains",
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    "input": "Given the labor constraints and the economics of trucking, we argue that the premium truck market is an ideal sweet spot for Paccar, which has shown its ability to execute over many decades serving this rather large niche.",
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    "pred_cause": "labor constraints and the economics of trucking",
    "pred_effect": "premium truck market is an ideal sweet spot for Paccar",
    "gold_cause": "Given the labor constraints and the economics of trucking",
    "gold_effect": "the premium truck market is an ideal sweet spot for Paccar",
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    "input": "The non-General Dynamics bid was disqualified because the contractor could not ship a prototype by the deadline, leaving only General Dynamics as the sole source capable of delivering a product.",
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    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "the contractor could not ship a prototype by the deadline",
    "pred_effect": "the non-General Dynamics bid was disqualified",
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    "gold_effect": "The non-General Dynamics bid was disqualified",
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    "input": "Primary among these are a potential economic slowdown or quickly rising oil prices that would destroy demand and in turn crush margins.",
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    "pred_cause": "potential economic slowdown or quickly rising oil prices",
    "pred_effect": "destroy demand and in turn crush margins",
    "gold_cause": "a potential economic slowdown or quickly rising oil prices",
    "gold_effect": "destroy demand and in turn crush margins",
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    "input": "The company has significant cash needs looming, and liquidity will be constrained given the roughly $1.5 billion purchase of Big River Steel and sizable reinvestment needs tied to the company's ongoing asset revitalization program.",
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    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "the roughly $1.5 billion purchase of Big River Steel and sizable reinvestment needs tied to the company's ongoing asset revitalization program",
    "pred_effect": "liquidity will be constrained",
    "gold_cause": "the roughly $1.5 billion purchase of Big River Steel and sizable reinvestment needs tied to the company's ongoing asset revitalization program",
    "gold_effect": "The company has significant cash needs looming, and liquidity will be constrained",
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    "input": "With a near-monopoly on CDMA technology patents, Qualcomm charges a royalty fee as a predetermined percentage (3%-5%) of the price of each 3G device sold.",
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    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "near-monopoly on CDMA technology patents",
    "pred_effect": "Qualcomm charges a royalty fee as a predetermined percentage (3%-5%) of the price of each 3G device sold",
    "gold_cause": "a near-monopoly on CDMA technology patents",
    "gold_effect": "Qualcomm charges a royalty fee as a predetermined percentage (3%-5%) of the price of each 3G device sold",
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    "input": "Additionally, given the uniquely risk-averse nature of the insurance industry, larger insurance carriers require a variety of larger reference accounts.",
    "output": "[Cause] uniquely risk-averse nature of the insurance industry [Relation] cause [Effect] larger insurance carriers require a variety of larger reference accounts",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "uniquely risk-averse nature of the insurance industry",
    "pred_effect": "larger insurance carriers require a variety of larger reference accounts",
    "gold_cause": "the uniquely risk-averse nature of the insurance industry",
    "gold_effect": "larger insurance carriers require a variety of larger reference accounts",
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  {
    "input": "Operating margins for the segment will average nearly 13% over our explicit forecast driven by higher average permanent placement fees.",
    "output": "[Cause] higher average permanent placement fees [Relation] enable [Effect] Operating margins for the segment will average nearly 13%",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "higher average permanent placement fees",
    "pred_effect": "Operating margins for the segment will average nearly 13%",
    "gold_cause": "higher average permanent placement fees",
    "gold_effect": "Operating margins for the segment will average nearly 13% over our explicit forecast",
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  {
    "input": "We expect operating margins to rebound to 14% in 2021-beyond with demand growing faster than supply and production costs coming down.",
    "output": "[Cause] demand growing faster than supply and production costs coming down [Relation] enable [Effect] operating margins to rebound to 14% in 2021-beyond",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "demand growing faster than supply and production costs coming down",
    "pred_effect": "operating margins to rebound to 14% in 2021-beyond",
    "gold_cause": "demand growing faster than supply and production costs coming down",
    "gold_effect": "We expect operating margins to rebound to 14% in 2021-beyond",
    "cause_substr": true,
    "effect_substr": true,
    "cause_excess_count": 0,
    "effect_excess_count": 2,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "substr_valid",
    "cosine": 1.4609375,
    "pred": 1
  },
  {
    "input": "The confluence of import's status as one of the fastest growing malt beverage categories and Constellation's leading market share gives the firm's portfolio preeminent status among distributors and retailers, particularly in states with a plurality of Hispanics (like California and Texas, where they represent the largest ethnic group).",
    "output": "[Cause] import's status as one of the fastest growing malt beverage categories and Constellation's leading market share [Relation] enable [Effect] gives the firm's portfolio preeminent status among distributors and retailers, particularly in states with a plurality of Hispanics (like California and Texas, where they represent the largest ethnic group)",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "import's status as one of the fastest growing malt beverage categories and Constellation's leading market share",
    "pred_effect": "gives the firm's portfolio preeminent status among distributors and retailers, particularly in states with a plurality of Hispanics (like California and Texas, where they represent the largest ethnic group)",
    "gold_cause": "The confluence of import's status as one of the fastest growing malt beverage categories and Constellation's leading market share",
    "gold_effect": "gives the firm's portfolio preeminent status among distributors and retailers, particularly in states with a plurality of Hispanics (like California and Texas, where they represent the largest ethnic group)",
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    "effect_substr": true,
    "cause_excess_count": 3,
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    "valid": true,
    "tag": "substr_valid",
    "cosine": 1.4913798570632935,
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  {
    "input": "We believe government policies, corporate demand, and robust project development industries in these regions make these the world's most attractive solar markets.",
    "output": "[Cause] government policies, corporate demand, and robust project development industries in these regions [Relation] cause [Effect] make these the world's most attractive solar markets",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "government policies, corporate demand, and robust project development industries in these regions",
    "pred_effect": "make these the world's most attractive solar markets",
    "gold_cause": "government policies, corporate demand, and robust project development industries",
    "gold_effect": "the world's most attractive solar markets",
    "cause_substr": true,
    "effect_substr": true,
    "cause_excess_count": 3,
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    "valid": true,
    "tag": "substr_valid",
    "cosine": 1.4393134117126465,
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  {
    "input": "Following the increased sales and administrative spending in 2017-19 to beef up hiring, we expect Insulet to gain significant operating leverage over 2020-25.",
    "output": "[Cause] increased sales and administrative spending in 2017-19 to beef up hiring [Relation] cause [Effect] Insulet to gain significant operating leverage over 2020-25",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "increased sales and administrative spending in 2017-19 to beef up hiring",
    "pred_effect": "Insulet to gain significant operating leverage over 2020-25",
    "gold_cause": "the increased sales and administrative spending in 2017-19 to beef up hiring",
    "gold_effect": "Insulet to gain significant operating leverage over 2020-25",
    "cause_substr": true,
    "effect_substr": true,
    "cause_excess_count": 1,
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    "valid": true,
    "tag": "substr_valid",
    "cosine": 1.4717638492584229,
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  {
    "input": "Exelon's large fleet gives it scale advantages that allow it to add capacity at its plants at a fraction of the cost and risk of a greenfield project.",
    "output": "[Cause] Exelon's large fleet [Relation] enable [Effect] scale advantages that allow it to add capacity at its plants at a fraction of the cost and risk of a greenfield project",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "Exelon's large fleet",
    "pred_effect": "scale advantages that allow it to add capacity at its plants at a fraction of the cost and risk of a greenfield project",
    "gold_cause": "Exelon's large fleet",
    "gold_effect": "gives it scale advantages that allow it to add capacity at its plants at a fraction of the cost and risk of a greenfield project",
    "cause_substr": true,
    "effect_substr": true,
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    "valid": true,
    "tag": "substr_valid",
    "cosine": 1.4764674305915833,
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  {
    "input": "If higher margins don't come to fruition or revenue declines accelerate from the moderate annual level we project, we see little bright side for Lumen's future beyond the value of its assets.",
    "output": "[Cause] higher margins don't come to fruition or revenue declines accelerate from the moderate annual level [Relation] result [Effect] little bright side for Lumen's future beyond the value of its assets",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "higher margins don't come to fruition or revenue declines accelerate from the moderate annual level",
    "pred_effect": "little bright side for Lumen's future beyond the value of its assets",
    "gold_cause": "higher margins don't come to fruition or revenue declines accelerate from the moderate annual level we project",
    "gold_effect": "we see little bright side for Lumen's future beyond the value of its assets",
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    "effect_substr": true,
    "cause_excess_count": 2,
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    "tag": "substr_valid",
    "cosine": 1.4498417973518372,
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  {
    "input": "We think any attempt by any one of them to make drastic changes in pricing or network enhancements to edge the others would simply serve to weigh on that company's returns.",
    "output": "[Cause] any attempt by any one of them to make drastic changes in pricing or network enhancements to edge the others [Relation] cause [Effect] weigh on that company's returns",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "any attempt by any one of them to make drastic changes in pricing or network enhancements to edge the others",
    "pred_effect": "weigh on that company's returns",
    "gold_cause": "any attempt by any one of them to make drastic changes in pricing or network enhancements to edge the others",
    "gold_effect": "serve to weigh on that company's returns",
    "cause_substr": true,
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    "cause_excess_count": 0,
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    "tag": "substr_valid",
    "cosine": 1.4924408197402954,
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  {
    "input": "Marvell is on its way in realizing around $200 million in combined annual run-rate cost synergies following the Cavium acquisition.",
    "output": "[Cause] the Cavium acquisition [Relation] enable [Effect] realizing around $200 million in combined annual run-rate cost synergies",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "the Cavium acquisition",
    "pred_effect": "realizing around $200 million in combined annual run-rate cost synergies",
    "gold_cause": "the Cavium acquisition",
    "gold_effect": "Marvell is on its way in realizing around $200 million in combined annual run-rate cost synergies",
    "cause_substr": true,
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    "cause_excess_count": 0,
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    "tag": "substr_invalid",
    "cosine": 1.2992388606071472,
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  {
    "input": "CVS' top-tier retail pharmacy, health insurer, and PBM franchises create the potential to improve health outcomes and even bend the healthcare cost curve.",
    "output": "[Cause] CVS' top-tier retail pharmacy, health insurer, and PBM franchises [Relation] cause [Effect] create the potential to improve health outcomes and even bend the healthcare cost curve",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "CVS' top-tier retail pharmacy, health insurer, and PBM franchises",
    "pred_effect": "create the potential to improve health outcomes and even bend the healthcare cost curve",
    "gold_cause": "CVS' top-tier retail pharmacy, health insurer, and PBM franchises",
    "gold_effect": "the potential to improve health outcomes and even bend the healthcare cost curve",
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    "cause_excess_count": 0,
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    "tag": "substr_valid",
    "cosine": 1.490741491317749,
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  {
    "input": "CrowdStrike's services can be instrumental in remediating customers' breaches or testing network security, giving a strong lead generator for selling security products and we believe the growth in CrowdStrike's subscription products will far outpace services demand.",
    "output": "[Cause] CrowdStrike's services can be instrumental in remediating customers' breaches or testing network security [Relation] enable [Effect] strong lead generator for selling security products",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "CrowdStrike's services can be instrumental in remediating customers' breaches or testing network security",
    "pred_effect": "strong lead generator for selling security products",
    "gold_cause": "CrowdStrike's services",
    "gold_effect": "be instrumental in remediating customers' breaches or testing network security, giving a strong lead generator for selling security products and we believe the growth in CrowdStrike's subscription products will far outpace services demand",
    "cause_substr": true,
    "effect_substr": true,
    "cause_excess_count": 11,
    "effect_excess_count": 26,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "substr_invalid",
    "cosine": 1.3851125836372375,
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  {
    "input": "The company's cards present a highly attractive value proposition to a small business since the cards are a payment method, a cheap line of credit with a large spending limit, and generate reward points all in a single package. This creates switching costs because if a cardholder decides to change cards they will be forced to find an alternative source of financing for their day-to-day expenses.",
    "output": "[Cause] The company's cards present a highly attractive value proposition to a small business since the cards are a payment method, a cheap line of credit with a large spending limit, and generate reward points all in a single package. [Relation] cause [Effect] Creates switching costs because if a cardholder decides to change cards they will be forced to find an alternative source of financing for their day-to-day expenses.",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "The company's cards present a highly attractive value proposition to a small business since the cards are a payment method, a cheap line of credit with a large spending limit, and generate reward points all in a single package.",
    "pred_effect": "Creates switching costs because if a cardholder decides to change cards they will be forced to find an alternative source of financing for their day-to-day expenses.",
    "gold_cause": "The company's cards present a highly attractive value proposition to a small business since the cards are a payment method, a cheap line of credit with a large spending limit, and generate reward points all in a single package",
    "gold_effect": "switching costs because if a cardholder decides to change cards they will be forced to find an alternative source of financing for their day-to-day expenses",
    "cause_substr": true,
    "effect_substr": true,
    "cause_excess_count": 1,
    "effect_excess_count": 2,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "substr_valid",
    "cosine": 1.476150393486023,
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  {
    "input": "In general, the firm remains a small player in both electronic component and power semiconductor markets, and revenue in several key areas, such as automotive sensors, will likely be more volatile.",
    "output": "[Cause] the firm remains a small player in both electronic component and power semiconductor markets [Relation] cause [Effect] revenue in several key areas, such as automotive sensors, will likely be more volatile",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "the firm remains a small player in both electronic component and power semiconductor markets",
    "pred_effect": "revenue in several key areas, such as automotive sensors, will likely be more volatile",
    "gold_cause": "the firm remains a small player in both electronic component and power semiconductor markets",
    "gold_effect": "will likely be more volatile",
    "cause_substr": true,
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    "cause_excess_count": 0,
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    "tag": "substr_invalid",
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  {
    "input": "We are anticipating the highest growth from the firm's automotive vertical, behind stellar content outgrowth above underlying production, as a result of content gains arising from electrification and connectivity.",
    "output": "[Cause] content gains arising from electrification and connectivity [Relation] enable [Effect] highest growth from the firm's automotive vertical",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "content gains arising from electrification and connectivity",
    "pred_effect": "highest growth from the firm's automotive vertical",
    "gold_cause": "content gains arising from electrification and connectivity",
    "gold_effect": "the highest growth from the firm's automotive vertical",
    "cause_substr": true,
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    "cause_excess_count": 0,
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    "tag": "substr_valid",
    "cosine": 1.4716352224349976,
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  {
    "input": "Beyond the synergistic value creation, the Isle and Tropicana/Elgin deals, along with the Caesars acquisition, have meaningfully increased the company's presence in the U.S.",
    "output": "[Cause] the Isle and Tropicana/Elgin deals, along with the Caesars acquisition [Relation] cause [Effect] have meaningfully increased the company's presence in the U.S.",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "the Isle and Tropicana/Elgin deals, along with the Caesars acquisition",
    "pred_effect": "have meaningfully increased the company's presence in the U.S.",
    "gold_cause": "Beyond the synergistic value creation, the Isle and Tropicana/Elgin deals, along with the Caesars acquisition",
    "gold_effect": "increased the company's presence in the U.S",
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    "cause_excess_count": 5,
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  {
    "input": "Longer term, at Marmaxx (about 60% of normalized sales), we anticipate long-term same-store sales growth averaging 2%-3%, driven by traffic as prices remain low.",
    "output": "[Cause] prices remain low [Relation] enable [Effect] long-term same-store sales growth averaging 2%-3%",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "prices remain low",
    "pred_effect": "long-term same-store sales growth averaging 2%-3%",
    "gold_cause": "traffic as prices remain low",
    "gold_effect": "we anticipate long-term same-store sales growth averaging 2%-3%",
    "cause_substr": true,
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    "cause_excess_count": 2,
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    "cosine": 1.4105368852615356,
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  {
    "input": "Its strategy makes ConocoPhillips a compelling option in the energy sector, given its ability to flex growth based on commodity prices and a clear policy on return of cash to shareholders.",
    "output": "[Cause] ability to flex growth based on commodity prices and a clear policy on return of cash to shareholders [Relation] enable [Effect] ConocoPhillips a compelling option in the energy sector",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "ability to flex growth based on commodity prices and a clear policy on return of cash to shareholders",
    "pred_effect": "ConocoPhillips a compelling option in the energy sector",
    "gold_cause": "its ability to flex growth based on commodity prices and a clear policy on return of cash to shareholders",
    "gold_effect": "ConocoPhillips a compelling option in the energy sector",
    "cause_substr": true,
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    "cause_excess_count": 1,
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    "cosine": 1.4879671931266785,
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  {
    "input": "Each of management's strategic actions carries its own set of implementation risks and could disrupt the day-to-day operations of Darden's restaurant concept portfolio.",
    "output": "[Cause] Each of management's strategic actions carries its own set of implementation risks [Relation] cause [Effect] could disrupt the day-to-day operations of Darden's restaurant concept portfolio",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "Each of management's strategic actions carries its own set of implementation risks",
    "pred_effect": "could disrupt the day-to-day operations of Darden's restaurant concept portfolio",
    "gold_cause": "management's strategic actions",
    "gold_effect": "its own set of implementation risks and could disrupt the day-to-day operations of Darden's restaurant concept portfolio",
    "cause_substr": true,
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    "cause_excess_count": 9,
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    "cosine": 1.4828291535377502,
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  {
    "input": "Airlines generally do not switch between the major manufacturers because it is expensive to update maintenance procedures, which are designed for each aircraft product, and crews and pilots would need to be retrained and certified on the new aircraft.",
    "output": "[Cause] it is expensive to update maintenance procedures, which are designed for each aircraft product [Relation] prevent [Effect] Airlines generally do not switch between the major manufacturers",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "it is expensive to update maintenance procedures, which are designed for each aircraft product",
    "pred_effect": "Airlines generally do not switch between the major manufacturers",
    "gold_cause": "it is expensive to update maintenance procedures",
    "gold_effect": "Airlines generally do not switch between the major manufacturers",
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    "cause_excess_count": 8,
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    "cosine": 1.4055522680282593,
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  {
    "input": "The highly capital-intensive nature of production creates significant rivalry among competitors that offer commoditized products and are therefore competing to maximize capacity.",
    "output": "[Cause] highly capital-intensive nature of production [Relation] cause [Effect] significant rivalry among competitors that offer commoditized products and are therefore competing to maximize capacity",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "highly capital-intensive nature of production",
    "pred_effect": "significant rivalry among competitors that offer commoditized products and are therefore competing to maximize capacity",
    "gold_cause": "The highly capital-intensive nature of production",
    "gold_effect": "rivalry among competitors",
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  {
    "input": "NICE provides Contact-Center-as-a-Service (CCaaS) solutions to support call center operations and improve customer engagement as well as financial compliance solutions to financial services institutions.",
    "output": "[Cause] NICE provides Contact-Center-as-a-Service (CCaaS) solutions to support call center operations and improve customer engagement [Relation] enable [Effect] financial compliance solutions to financial services institutions",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "NICE provides Contact-Center-as-a-Service (CCaaS) solutions to support call center operations and improve customer engagement",
    "pred_effect": "financial compliance solutions to financial services institutions",
    "gold_cause": "NICE provides Contact-Center-as-a-Service",
    "gold_effect": "improve customer engagement as well as financial compliance solutions to financial services institutions",
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    "cause_excess_count": 11,
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  {
    "input": "Cummins' strong brand has allowed the firm to secure a unique position in the on-highway engine market as an alternative to engines internally developed and aggressively marketed by major truck manufacturers who are its principal customers.",
    "output": "[Cause] Cummins' strong brand [Relation] enable [Effect] secure a unique position in the on-highway engine market as an alternative to engines internally developed and aggressively marketed by major truck manufacturers who are its principal customers",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "Cummins' strong brand",
    "pred_effect": "secure a unique position in the on-highway engine market as an alternative to engines internally developed and aggressively marketed by major truck manufacturers who are its principal customers",
    "gold_cause": "Cummins' strong brand",
    "gold_effect": "the firm to secure a unique position in the on-highway engine market as an alternative to engines internally developed and aggressively marketed by major truck manufacturers who are its principal customers",
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    "cause_excess_count": 0,
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    "cosine": 1.4887826442718506,
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  {
    "input": "We forecast that real uranium prices will rise to $65 per pound by 2022 in the contract market, as higher prices will be necessary to encourage the new mines needed to meet rising demand and fill the gap left by the continued drawdown of stockpiles.",
    "output": "[Cause] higher prices will be necessary to encourage the new mines needed to meet rising demand and fill the gap left by the continued drawdown of stockpiles [Relation] cause [Effect] forecast that real uranium prices will rise to $65 per pound by 2022 in the contract market",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "higher prices will be necessary to encourage the new mines needed to meet rising demand and fill the gap left by the continued drawdown of stockpiles",
    "pred_effect": "forecast that real uranium prices will rise to $65 per pound by 2022 in the contract market",
    "gold_cause": "higher prices will be necessary to encourage the new mines needed to meet rising demand and fill the gap left by the continued drawdown of stockpiles",
    "gold_effect": "real uranium prices will rise to $65 per pound by 2022 in the contract market",
    "cause_substr": true,
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    "cause_excess_count": 0,
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    "tag": "substr_valid",
    "cosine": 1.4828603267669678,
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  {
    "input": "We believe economic profits can rise by nearly 50% over the next five years. As such, we model consolidated midcycle ROIC, including goodwill of about 15%, in line with both management's targets and the company's normalized historic experience.",
    "output": "[Cause] Economic profits can rise by nearly 50% over the next five years [Relation] enable [Effect] We model consolidated midcycle ROIC, including goodwill of about 15%, in line with both management's targets and the company's normalized historic experience",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "Economic profits can rise by nearly 50% over the next five years",
    "pred_effect": "We model consolidated midcycle ROIC, including goodwill of about 15%, in line with both management's targets and the company's normalized historic experience",
    "gold_cause": "economic profits can rise by nearly 50% over the next five years",
    "gold_effect": "we model consolidated midcycle ROIC, including goodwill of about 15%, in line with both management's targets and the company's normalized historic experience",
    "cause_substr": true,
    "effect_substr": true,
    "cause_excess_count": 0,
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    "tag": "substr_valid",
    "cosine": 1.4644278287887573,
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  {
    "input": "We estimate annual revPAR growth to average 8.6% over the next decade, aided by strong growth rates during the recovery years of 2021-22.",
    "output": "[Cause] strong growth rates during the recovery years of 2021-22 [Relation] cause [Effect] annual revPAR growth to average 8.6% over the next decade",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "strong growth rates during the recovery years of 2021-22",
    "pred_effect": "annual revPAR growth to average 8.6% over the next decade",
    "gold_cause": "aided by strong growth rates during the recovery years of 2021-22.",
    "gold_effect": "We estimate annual revPAR growth to average 8.6% over the next decade,",
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    "cause_excess_count": 3,
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    "cosine": 1.476508617401123,
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  {
    "input": "We continue to expect Sands China sales to average high-single-digit percentage growth during 2023-30, a forecast we now have increased conviction in, given our view that Sands will reinvest proceeds from the planned sale of Vegas assets into the region.",
    "output": "[Cause] Sands will reinvest proceeds from the planned sale of Vegas assets into the region [Relation] enable [Effect] Sands China sales to average high-single-digit percentage growth during 2023-30",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "Sands will reinvest proceeds from the planned sale of Vegas assets into the region",
    "pred_effect": "Sands China sales to average high-single-digit percentage growth during 2023-30",
    "gold_cause": "our view that Sands will reinvest proceeds from the planned sale of Vegas assets into the region",
    "gold_effect": "We continue to expect Sands China sales to average high-single-digit percentage growth during 2023-30, a forecast we now have increased conviction in",
    "cause_substr": true,
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    "cause_excess_count": 3,
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  {
    "input": "Its relatively small refineries represent a concentrated revenue base that puts HollyFrontier at risk in the case that, for whatever reason, one facility experiences an extended shutdown.",
    "output": "[Cause] relatively small refineries [Relation] cause [Effect] puts HollyFrontier at risk in the case that, for whatever reason, one facility experiences an extended shutdown",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "relatively small refineries",
    "pred_effect": "puts HollyFrontier at risk in the case that, for whatever reason, one facility experiences an extended shutdown",
    "gold_cause": "Its relatively small refineries represent a concentrated revenue base",
    "gold_effect": "puts HollyFrontier at risk",
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    "cause_excess_count": 6,
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  {
    "input": "Once the equipment leaves the seller's location, it is virtually guaranteed that the equipment will no longer be a burden on the seller, taking up physical space or tying up capital.",
    "output": "[Cause] the equipment leaves the seller's location [Relation] cause [Effect] the equipment will no longer be a burden on the seller, taking up physical space or tying up capital",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "the equipment leaves the seller's location",
    "pred_effect": "the equipment will no longer be a burden on the seller, taking up physical space or tying up capital",
    "gold_cause": "the equipment leaves the seller's location",
    "gold_effect": "no longer be a burden on the seller",
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  {
    "input": "We are raising our fair value estimate to $55 from $52 to reflect faster near-term revenue growth and the time value of money since our last update.",
    "output": "[Cause] faster near-term revenue growth and the time value of money since our last update [Relation] cause [Effect] raising our fair value estimate to $55 from $52",
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    "input": "Macroeconomic uncertainty, high inflation, indirect exposure to global commodities demand, and political turmoil in certain markets can also influence future free cash flow projections.",
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    "input": "With the acquisition of the 14 RSNs with 21 Fox-branded channels from Disney, Sinclair instantly diversified its revenue and operating income away from its dependence on local stations.",
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    "input": "If their partners prefer to vend other software spend management tools, then Coupa could face a slowdown in sales and lose out on potential customers.",
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    "input": "As one of the world's leading volume producers, Volkswagen's economies of scale from common platforms across a growing number of models enable cost savings unattainable by smaller competitors.",
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  {
    "input": "We think that software programs like Autodesk's Inventor or Dassault Systemes' SolidWorks have a more expansive university presence given that they specialize in meeting midmarket CAD needs, which makes up the majority of the CAD market.",
    "output": "[Cause] specialize in meeting midmarket CAD needs, which makes up the majority of the CAD market [Relation] cause [Effect] software programs like Autodesk's Inventor or Dassault Systemes' SolidWorks have a more expansive university presence",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "specialize in meeting midmarket CAD needs, which makes up the majority of the CAD market",
    "pred_effect": "software programs like Autodesk's Inventor or Dassault Systemes' SolidWorks have a more expansive university presence",
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  {
    "input": "Durable cost advantages for industry participants are elusive because low-cost carriers and ultra-low-cost carriers' business model is predicated on continuously driving down yields to attract customers with lower fares.",
    "output": "[Cause] low-cost carriers and ultra-low-cost carriers' business model is predicated on continuously driving down yields [Relation] cause [Effect] Durable cost advantages for industry participants are elusive",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "low-cost carriers and ultra-low-cost carriers' business model is predicated on continuously driving down yields",
    "pred_effect": "Durable cost advantages for industry participants are elusive",
    "gold_cause": "low-cost carriers and ultra-low-cost carriers' business model is predicated on continuously driving down yields to attract customers with lower fares",
    "gold_effect": "Durable cost advantages for industry participants are elusive",
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  {
    "input": "Meanwhile, we expect IP revenue to grow at a low-double digit rate, bolstered by a growth in chip customization as Moore's Law slows and chip designers seek to differentiate their products.",
    "output": "[Cause] Moore's Law slows and chip designers seek to differentiate their products [Relation] enable [Effect] IP revenue to grow at a low-double digit rate, bolstered by a growth in chip customization",
    "gold": 0,
    "pred_cause": "Moore's Law slows and chip designers seek to differentiate their products",
    "pred_effect": "IP revenue to grow at a low-double digit rate, bolstered by a growth in chip customization",
    "gold_cause": "Moore's Law slows and chip designers seek to differentiate their products",
    "gold_effect": "a growth in chip customization",
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    "input": "We believe that the infrastructure platform products have garnered a positive reputation from customers due to the proliferation of Cisco products and services within customers' networks.",
    "output": "[Cause] proliferation of Cisco products and services within customers' networks [Relation] enable [Effect] infrastructure platform products have garnered a positive reputation from customers",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "proliferation of Cisco products and services within customers' networks",
    "pred_effect": "infrastructure platform products have garnered a positive reputation from customers",
    "gold_cause": "the proliferation of Cisco products and services within customers' networks",
    "gold_effect": "the infrastructure platform products have garnered a positive reputation from customers",
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  {
    "input": "We expect the segment to grow by 9.4% with tailwinds from the rising number of cybersecurity threats and IT infrastructure needs.",
    "output": "[Cause] rising number of cybersecurity threats and IT infrastructure needs [Relation] enable [Effect] the segment to grow by 9.4%",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "rising number of cybersecurity threats and IT infrastructure needs",
    "pred_effect": "the segment to grow by 9.4%",
    "gold_cause": "the rising number of cybersecurity threats and IT infrastructure needs",
    "gold_effect": "the segment to grow by 9.4% with tailwinds",
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  {
    "input": "We see upside in margins for the F-35, as more sustainment enters the business mix as well and the potential to move to a more fixed-price contract as the aircraft becomes a major defense acquisition program.",
    "output": "[Cause] more sustainment enters the business mix | the potential to move to a more fixed-price contract as the aircraft becomes a major defense acquisition program [Relation] enable [Effect] upside in margins for the F-35",
    "gold": 1,
    "pred_cause": "more sustainment enters the business mix",
    "pred_effect": "upside in margins for the F-35",
    "gold_cause": "more sustainment enters the business mix as well",
    "gold_effect": "We see upside in margins for the F-35",
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  {
    "input": "As grocery customers regularly visit the store, they are continually exposed to the firm's higher margin offerings, spurring lucrative general merchandise sales.",
    "output": "[Cause] grocery customers regularly visit the store [Relation] cause [Effect] they are continually exposed to the firm's higher margin offerings",
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    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.2947150468826294,
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  {
    "input": "Nevertheless, with voices amplified through structural shifts like the rise of digital media, consumers have more agency than ever: if they want LaCroix (or any other National Beverage brand), retailers eventually have to oblige.",
    "output": "[Cause] structural shifts like the rise of digital media, consumers have more agency than ever [Relation] cause [Effect] consumers have to oblige retailers to carry their preferred brands, such as LaCroix",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Steadily rising Internet access pricing is a key element of our belief that Altice USA can maintain revenue per customer and cash flow as fewer customers take television and telephone services.",
    "output": "[Cause] Steadily rising Internet access pricing [Relation] enable [Effect] Altice USA can maintain revenue per customer and cash flow",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.5000001192092896,
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  {
    "input": "Steadily rising Internet access pricing is a key element of our belief that Altice USA can maintain revenue per customer and cash flow as fewer customers take television and telephone services.",
    "output": "[Cause] Steadily rising Internet access pricing [Relation] enable [Effect] Altice USA can maintain revenue per customer and cash flow as fewer customers take television and telephone services",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "In our view, Akamai's biggest environmental, social, and governance, or ESG, risk is that of a data or security breach, given the firm is entrusted with and handles such high volumes of sensitive data.",
    "output": "[Cause] Akamai is entrusted with and handles high volumes of sensitive data [Relation] cause [Effect] Akamai's biggest environmental, social, and governance (ESG) risk is that of a data or security breach",
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    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "In the other European countries, we expect the firm to drive fixed and mobile convergence, with a positive effect on growth and churn rates, and achieve slow margin improvement thanks to efficiency gains via digitalization and scale.",
    "output": "[Cause] drive fixed and mobile convergence, efficiency gains via digitalization and scale [Relation] enable [Effect] positive effect on growth and churn rates, slow margin improvement",
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  {
    "input": "In the other European countries, we expect the firm to drive fixed and mobile convergence, with a positive effect on growth and churn rates, and achieve slow margin improvement thanks to efficiency gains via digitalization and scale.",
    "output": "[Cause] drive fixed and mobile convergence, achieve slow margin improvement thanks to efficiency gains via digitalization and scale [Relation] enable [Effect] positive effect on growth and churn rates",
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    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Kroger's efforts to monetize its consumer data introduces risk as it grows in segments outside its core competency (such as media and market analysis for outside clients).",
    "output": "[Cause] Kroger's efforts to monetize its consumer data [Relation] cause [Effect] introduces risk as it grows in segments outside its core competency (such as media and market analysis for outside clients)",
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  {
    "input": "History suggests this could Drug Manufacturers - Specialty & Genericbe possible, as Illinois's early plans for recreational legalization would hand an advantage to companies with medical cultivation and dispensary licenses.",
    "output": "[Cause] Illinois's early plans for recreational legalization would hand an advantage to companies with medical cultivation and dispensary licenses [Relation] cause [Effect] this could be possible",
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  {
    "input": "Of all Eaton's businesses, we're most bullish on its electrical sector and its aerospace business given data center growth, necessary upgrades to aging infrastructure, and the eventual commercial aerospace recovery.",
    "output": "[Cause] data center growth, necessary upgrades to aging infrastructure, and the eventual commercial aerospace recovery [Relation] cause [Effect] being most bullish on Eaton's electrical sector and its aerospace business",
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  {
    "input": "Despite this position, Vivo has steadily lost market share in the broadband Internet access market, both as it has lost customers and other carriers have gained.",
    "output": "[Cause] Vivo has lost customers [Relation] cause [Effect] Vivo has steadily lost market share in the broadband Internet access market",
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  {
    "input": "Hanes' capital expenditure as a percentage of revenue has been 2% or less in every year since 2011 as it has focused on product development.",
    "output": "[Cause] Hanes' focus on product development [Relation] enable [Effect] Hanes' capital expenditure as a percentage of revenue has been 2% or less in every year since 2011",
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  {
    "input": "Another example is Qualitrol, which offers condition-based monitoring solutions that allow utilities to reduce unnecessary maintenance and lower the risk of unplanned outages.",
    "output": "[Cause] Qualitrol offers condition-based monitoring solutions [Relation] enable [Effect] utilities can reduce unnecessary maintenance and lower the risk of unplanned outages",
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  {
    "input": "Despite Telus' best in class network, we think it will have to adapt to Shaw, which will likely mean reduced pricing power and margins.",
    "output": "[Cause] Telus will have to adapt to Shaw [Relation] cause [Effect] reduced pricing power and margins",
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  {
    "input": "We used 2019 as a reference point, as Carnival only operated sailings through March 2020, rendering the 2020 metric unusable.",
    "output": "[Cause] Carnival only operated sailings through March 2020 [Relation] cause [Effect] rendering the 2020 metric unusable",
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  {
    "input": "Foreign exchange exposure could prove unpredictable as the firm grows internationally, if the dollar and euro trend widely versus the Canadian dollar (BRP's home currency).",
    "output": "[Cause] the firm grows internationally [Relation] cause [Effect] foreign exchange exposure could prove unpredictable",
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  {
    "input": "AutoNation operates in a very cyclical industry and is more prone to revenue volatility than other dealer firms because it has so much cash coming in from California, Florida, and Texas.",
    "output": "[Cause] AutoNation operates in a very cyclical industry and has so much cash coming in from California, Florida, and Texas [Relation] cause [Effect] more prone to revenue volatility than other dealer firms",
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  {
    "input": "We think Lululemon protects the integrity of its brand by selling only high-quality apparel and it has continued to grow and improve margins despite the introduction of competing products by others.",
    "output": "[Cause] selling only high-quality apparel [Relation] enable [Effect] Lululemon protects the integrity of its brand",
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  {
    "input": "We think Lululemon protects the integrity of its brand by selling only high-quality apparel and it has continued to grow and improve margins despite the introduction of competing products by others.",
    "output": "[Cause] Lululemon protects the integrity of its brand by selling only high-quality apparel [Relation] enable [Effect] Lululemon has continued to grow and improve margins despite the introduction of competing products by others",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "Coca-Cola Femsa typifies this dynamic through its leading volumes, which allow it to more effectively leverage fixed costs and reduce variable costs per unit through purchasing scale.",
    "output": "[Cause] Coca-Cola Femsa's leading volumes [Relation] enable [Effect] more effectively leverage fixed costs and reduce variable costs per unit through purchasing scale",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.2223711609840393,
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  {
    "input": "A key factor in the historical margin improvement was the divestiture of animal health (to Eli Lilly) and vaccine (to Glaxo) units, which were carrying very low margins and not driving much cash flow for the company.",
    "output": "[Cause] divestiture of animal health and vaccine units [Relation] enable [Effect] historical margin improvement",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "However, increased competition has lowered cap rates, and the potential for rising interest rates could squeeze the company's spread and its ability to create value.",
    "output": "[Cause] increased competition has lowered cap rates [Relation] cause [Effect] potential for rising interest rates could squeeze the company's spread and its ability to create value",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "Although this compares unfavorably with margins commanded by its closest competitors, CMC's profitability is much less susceptible to volatile swings. This is largely because the company also operates metal recycling and steel fabrication operations that fairly consistently exhibit low-single-digit operating margins through the business cycle.",
    "output": "[Cause] CMC operates metal recycling and steel fabrication operations [Relation] enable [Effect] CMC's profitability is much less susceptible to volatile swings",
    "gold": 0,
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    "cosine": 1.3439568877220154,
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  {
    "input": "AutoNation may further its advantage over smaller dealers with its AutoNation Express initiative, which it started in December 2014.",
    "output": "[Cause] AutoNation Express initiative started in December 2014 [Relation] enable [Effect] AutoNation may further its advantage over smaller dealers",
    "gold": 0,
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    "cosine": 1.342328429222107,
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  {
    "input": "Compounding these pressures is the recessionary backdrop that could weaken to the extent unemployment rates surge and additional stimulus fails to materialize, with the prime point of uncertainty being how long this situation persists.",
    "output": "[Cause] recessionary backdrop that could weaken [Relation] cause [Effect] unemployment rates surge and additional stimulus fails to materialize",
    "gold": 0,
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    "cosine": 1.163858413696289,
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  {
    "input": "Compounding these pressures is the recessionary backdrop that could weaken to the extent unemployment rates surge and additional stimulus fails to materialize, with the prime point of uncertainty being how long this situation persists.",
    "output": "[Cause] recessionary backdrop, weakening unemployment rates, failure of additional stimulus to materialize [Relation] cause [Effect] compounding pressures",
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  {
    "input": "International organic revenue growth has has averaged about 10% annually over the last five years, and we project more than 9% growth on existing towers each of the next five years as well, as data demand in these markets narrows the gap with more developed markets.",
    "output": "[Cause] data demand in these markets narrows the gap with more developed markets [Relation] enable [Effect] projecting more than 9% growth on existing towers each of the next five years",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.2919669151306152,
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  {
    "input": "We do not believe that this superior profitability comes with substantially higher risks, as BBVA's geographical diversification and its retail and commercial focus offsets some of the risk that comes with BBVA's geographical tilt toward more volatile emerging markets.",
    "output": "[Cause] BBVA's geographical diversification and its retail and commercial focus [Relation] offset [Effect] offsets some of the risk that comes with BBVA's geographical tilt toward more volatile emerging markets",
    "gold": 0,
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    "cosine": 1.4092085361480713,
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  {
    "input": "This strategy should persist for the next several years, after which we expect the company to be a net acquirer of real estate as it finds attractive opportunities in its target markets.",
    "output": "[Cause] finding attractive opportunities in its target markets [Relation] cause [Effect] the company to be a net acquirer of real estate",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4817314147949219,
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  {
    "input": "The strong intangible brand asset led to worldwide Barbie sales rising 29%, Hot Wheels increasing 7%, and American Girl falling just 1%.",
    "output": "[Cause] strong intangible brand asset [Relation] enable, contribute to [Effect] ",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.2102895379066467,
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  {
    "input": "This suggests that the worst has passed, unless the COVID-19 pandemic takes a dramatic negative turn, and the pandemic could ultimately accelerate the ongoing shift toward electronic payments.",
    "output": "[Cause] the COVID-19 pandemic takes a dramatic negative turn [Relation] prevent [Effect] the worst has passed",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.0618484020233154,
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  {
    "input": "Our new fair value estimate implies a slightly higher multiple of 20.5 times our upwardly revised 2021 EPS assumptions of $9.70, which places us at the top end of management's guidance.",
    "output": "[Cause] upwardly revised 2021 EPS assumptions of $9.70 [Relation] cause [Effect] new fair value estimate implies a slightly higher multiple of 20.5 times",
    "gold": 0,
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    "cosine": 1.3798096179962158,
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  {
    "input": "We expect investments into identified growth areas, such as the midmarket tool-cutting market, to be met with greater competition and thus lower margins than some of Sandvik's high-margin-generating core businesses.",
    "output": "[Cause] investments into identified growth areas, such as the midmarket tool-cutting market [Relation] cause [Effect] met with greater competition and thus lower margins",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3952692151069641,
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  {
    "input": "A period of low economic growth could coincide with fewer organic growth opportunities for companies, leading them to try growing via acquisition, but this type of M&A activity probably won't be enough to prevent lackluster earnings.",
    "output": "[Cause] A period of low economic growth [Relation] lead to, but won't be enough to prevent [Effect] fewer organic growth opportunities for companies",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "A period of low economic growth could coincide with fewer organic growth opportunities for companies, leading them to try growing via acquisition, but this type of M&A activity probably won't be enough to prevent lackluster earnings.",
    "output": "[Cause] A period of low economic growth [Relation] cause [Effect] fewer organic growth opportunities for companies",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.0687136054039001,
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  {
    "input": "Down time alone can be harmful and expensive, and firms often have to engage in mirroring to mitigate it, which is itself costly.",
    "output": "[Cause] Down time alone [Relation] cause [Effect] harmful and expensive",
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    "cosine": 1.2725492715835571,
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  {
    "input": "Tillage equipment used in field preparation can utilize guidance systems to reduce overlap in each machine pass, collect data on field conditions (satellite mapping), and be flexible enough to adjust depth and down pressure maneuvers.",
    "output": "[Cause] Tillage equipment used in field preparation can utilize guidance systems to reduce overlap in each machine pass, collect data on field conditions (satellite mapping), and be flexible enough to adjust depth and down pressure maneuvers. [Relation] enable [Effect] improve efficiency and accuracy in field preparation",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4548487663269043,
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  {
    "input": "We don't believe that the switching cost advantage in commercial HVAC extends to the residential HVAC market because residential replacement costs are low compared with commercial systems.",
    "output": "[Cause] residential replacement costs are low compared with commercial systems [Relation] prevent [Effect] the switching cost advantage in commercial HVAC does not extend to the residential HVAC market",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4458954334259033,
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  {
    "input": "With the company already in turnaround mode, the coronavirus pandemic will prolong the process, detouring any improvement in execution through the rough roads of margin contraction on negative operating leverage from lower volume.",
    "output": "[Cause] the coronavirus pandemic [Relation] cause [Effect] prolong the process of turnaround and detour any improvement in execution",
    "gold": 0,
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    "cosine": 1.3163865208625793,
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  {
    "input": "With the company already in turnaround mode, the coronavirus pandemic will prolong the process, detouring any improvement in execution through the rough roads of margin contraction on negative operating leverage from lower volume.",
    "output": "[Cause] the coronavirus pandemic [Relation] cause [Effect] prolong the process of turnaround, detouring any improvement in execution",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.2787790298461914,
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  },
  {
    "input": "With the company already in turnaround mode, the coronavirus pandemic will prolong the process, detouring any improvement in execution through the rough roads of margin contraction on negative operating leverage from lower volume.",
    "output": "[Cause] the coronavirus pandemic [Relation] hinder [Effect] prolong the process of turnaround and detour any improvement in execution",
    "gold": 0,
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    "cosine": 0.8468196988105774,
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  {
    "input": "Additionally, lengthy FDA approval processes and the sophistication of the technology are tall barriers Medical Instruments & Suppliesthat deter new market entrants, though both General Electric and Siemens have received FDA approval for 3D systems.",
    "output": "[Cause] lengthy FDA approval processes and the sophistication of the technology [Relation] cause [Effect] tall barriers that deter new market entrants",
    "gold": 0,
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    "cosine": 1.3746784925460815,
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  {
    "input": "The company's scale has been instrumental in steadily growing quarterly market share (19% in November 2014 to 22.3% in February 2019 and supporting double-digit returns.",
    "output": "[Cause] The company's scale [Relation] enable [Effect] steadily growing quarterly market share (19% in November 2014 to 22.3% in February 2019) and supporting double-digit returns",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "Since then, Pegasystems' platform has evolved to be a comprehensive no-code application development platform, which has allowed American Express to expand its use of the software for other situations.",
    "output": "[Cause] Pegasystems' platform has evolved to be a comprehensive no-code application development platform [Relation] enable [Effect] American Express has expanded its use of the software for other situations",
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    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Adjusted operating margins rose from 34% in 2013 to 50% in 2019 and we'd attribute the gain to streamlining operations and revenue growth.",
    "output": "[Cause] streamlining operations and revenue growth [Relation] enable [Effect] Adjusted operating margins rose from 34% in 2013 to 50% in 2019",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.4627968072891235,
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  {
    "input": "With the consolidation of local station ownership, firms like Sinclair began to sell national advertising as station coverage could allow advertisers to reach a larger daytime audience.",
    "output": "[Cause] consolidation of local station ownership [Relation] enable [Effect] Sinclair began to sell national advertising",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.2921202778816223,
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  {
    "input": "Fee revenue is sensitive to equity market valuations, and as such the equity market rebound is a positive for State Street.",
    "output": "[Cause] equity market rebound [Relation] cause [Effect] positive for State Street",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.296412467956543,
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  {
    "input": "In fiscal 2021, the firm gained or maintained share in all five of its global platforms and its brands continue to command price premiums.",
    "output": "[Cause] the firm gained or maintained share in all five of its global platforms [Relation] enable [Effect] its brands continue to command price premiums",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.5,
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  {
    "input": "We are confident in gross margin expansion over the next 10 years, as we expect Workday's top line to rely less and less on its low-margin services business--which posted gross margin in fiscal 2020 of negative 9% compared with subscriptions' drastically better 16%.",
    "output": "[Cause] Workday's top line relying less and less on its low-margin services business [Relation] enable [Effect] confident in gross margin expansion over the next 10 years",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4613857865333557,
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  {
    "input": "The North American industrial distribution market is highly fragmented, with the largest players benefiting primarily from scale-driven cost advantages over smaller competitors.",
    "output": "[Cause] The North American industrial distribution market is highly fragmented [Relation] enable [Effect] the largest players benefiting primarily from scale-driven cost advantages over smaller competitors",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.458234429359436,
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  {
    "input": "Norwegian can also improve profitability by stringently managing its expenses when sailing resumes, thanks to a young fleet and more cost-efficient ships.",
    "output": "[Cause] a young fleet and more cost-efficient ships [Relation] enable [Effect] Norwegian can improve profitability by stringently managing its expenses when sailing resumes",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4749016761779785,
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  {
    "input": "By the end of our 10-year forecast, we expect EBITDA margins will normalize around 18% as competitors introduce similar products into the siding market.",
    "output": "[Cause] competitors introduce similar products into the siding market [Relation] cause [Effect] EBITDA margins will normalize around 18%",
    "gold": 1,
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    "cosine": 1.500000238418579,
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  {
    "input": "We would also note that Merck views its research solutions division as a feeder for its more sticky process solutions division, as scientists that train on Merck's products early in their career may be more apt to continue using those tools as their careers progress.",
    "output": "[Cause] scientists that train on Merck's products early in their career [Relation] enable [Effect] may be more apt to continue using those tools as their careers progress",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3682628870010376,
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  {
    "input": "There are high upfront costs in large-scale device sterilization because the process requires building large, complex sterilization plants. This makes it difficult for competitors to ramp production and gives an advantage to established players that can invest to keep up with growing demand.",
    "output": "[Cause] the process requires building large, complex sterilization plants [Relation] enable [Effect] high upfront costs in large-scale device sterilization",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.405712366104126,
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  {
    "input": "We expect wireline revenue growth to steadily accelerate throughout our forecast, to almost 3% by 2025, as continuing declines in voice revenue become less impactful and BCE's fiber-to-the-home, or FTTH, buildout and higher network quality dominate the segment and propel the firm to further share gains.",
    "output": "[Cause] BCE's fiber-to-the-home, or FTTH, buildout and higher network quality dominate the segment [Relation] enable [Effect] wireline revenue growth to steadily accelerate throughout the forecast",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3772159218788147,
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  {
    "input": "Productivity can be additionally enhanced by using Tier 1 rigs, but the ingredients that make a rig Tier 1 lie in higher-quality equipment, which is widely available to most land drillers.",
    "output": "[Cause] using Tier 1 rigs [Relation] enable [Effect] Productivity can be additionally enhanced",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.5,
    "pred": 1
  },
  {
    "input": "The firm's ongoing shift to eco-friendly packaging is worth monitoring--as the transition from plastic to eco-friendly materials will result in modestly higher cost of goods sold.",
    "output": "[Cause] The firm's ongoing shift to eco-friendly packaging [Relation] cause [Effect] transition from plastic to eco-friendly materials will result in modestly higher cost of goods sold",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4656132459640503,
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  {
    "input": "The firm's ongoing shift to eco-friendly packaging is worth monitoring--as the transition from plastic to eco-friendly materials will result in modestly higher cost of goods sold.",
    "output": "[Cause] The firm's ongoing shift to eco-friendly packaging [Relation] cause [Effect] transition from plastic to eco-friendly materials will result in modestly higher cost of goods sold",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Furthermore, for products such as these with minimal differentiation across brands, consumers base their purchasing decision to a greater extent on price, rather than brand.",
    "output": "[Cause] products with minimal differentiation across brands [Relation] cause [Effect] consumers base their purchasing decision to a greater extent on price, rather than brand",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Given that Core Lab has no interest in collecting cores, only in analyzing them, a product like CoreVault could only be positive for Core Lab.",
    "output": "[Cause] Core Lab has no interest in collecting cores, only in analyzing them [Relation] enable [Effect] a product like CoreVault could only be positive for Core Lab",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3251224160194397,
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  {
    "input": "New use cases allow Amphenol to sell new, higher-priced items into an end product alongside its incumbent positions, growing the firm's overall dollar content.",
    "output": "[Cause] New use cases [Relation] enable [Effect] Amphenol can sell new, higher-priced items into an end product alongside its incumbent positions",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "New use cases allow Amphenol to sell new, higher-priced items into an end product alongside its incumbent positions, growing the firm's overall dollar content.",
    "output": "[Cause] New use cases [Relation] enable [Effect] Amphenol can sell new, higher-priced items into an end product alongside its incumbent positions",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4030911922454834,
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  {
    "input": "Thus, Echo can usually procure capacity at lower rates than small and midsize shippers could obtain directly with carriers, thereby providing customers with material cost savings.",
    "output": "[Cause] Echo can usually procure capacity at lower rates than small and midsize shippers could obtain directly with carriers [Relation] enable [Effect] providing customers with material cost savings",
    "gold": 1,
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  {
    "input": "Even if regulation never rises to the level of explicit price caps, the threat of this regulation limits pricing power, in our view.",
    "output": "[Cause] the threat of regulation [Relation] prevent [Effect] limits pricing power",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "We continue to model strong growth for the experiences and dining segment, where we forecast 2021-30 revenue to average 22%, as its benefits from leading content and awareness.",
    "output": "[Cause] benefits from leading content and awareness [Relation] enable [Effect] strong growth for the experiences and dining segment",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "And, Bio-Rad's academic research end market could face headwinds from cuts to academic research budgets due to the ongoing pandemic, as many academic research institutions are facing the prospect of both state budget cuts and revenue shortfalls at academic institutions.",
    "output": "[Cause] cuts to academic research budgets due to the ongoing pandemic, state budget cuts, revenue shortfalls at academic institutions [Relation] cause [Effect] Bio-Rad's academic research end market could face headwinds",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Global expansion allows access to a wider profile of consumers and their preferences, leading to better local merchandising and marketing, which could facilitate higher unit sales via supply that matches demand.",
    "output": "[Cause] Global expansion allows access to a wider profile of consumers and their preferences [Relation] enable [Effect] leading to better local merchandising and marketing",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
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  {
    "input": "Global expansion allows access to a wider profile of consumers and their preferences, leading to better local merchandising and marketing, which could facilitate higher unit sales via supply that matches demand.",
    "output": "[Cause] Global expansion allows access to a wider profile of consumers and their preferences [Relation] enable [Effect] leading to better local merchandising and marketing, which could facilitate higher unit sales via supply that matches demand",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "input": "Similarly, with the value of IHS Markit's shares linked to S&P Global, the valuation risks that the latter firm faces (outlined in our company report) now also apply to IHS Markit.",
    "output": "[Cause] the valuation risks that the latter firm faces (outlined in our company report) [Relation] apply [Effect] now also apply to IHS Markit",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Due to the critical nature of Sensata's products, such as tire pressure in cars or flap positioning in commercial aircraft, reliability and lasting safety are paramount.",
    "output": "[Cause] critical nature of Sensata's products, such as tire pressure in cars or flap positioning in commercial aircraft [Relation] cause [Effect] reliability and lasting safety are paramount",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "We anticipate that marketing-related expenses will gradually increase as a percentage of revenues in the latter years of our forecast, leading to Amex's efficiency ratio remaining largely stuck over time.",
    "output": "[Cause] marketing-related expenses gradually increase as a percentage of revenues in the latter years of our forecast [Relation] cause [Effect] Amex's efficiency ratio remaining largely stuck over time",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "We rate France's macroeconomic environment as fair, which balances France's history of stability and reasonable debt/GDP ratio with the lack of control over its currency and one of the most inflexible labor markets in Europe.",
    "output": "[Cause] France's history of stability and reasonable debt/GDP ratio [Relation] enable / balance [Effect] France's macroeconomic environment rated as fair",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "We can envision Revox eventually contributing several hundred million dollars to the top line by taking share from established players, but we also see a potential scenario where the business doesn't grow as expected because of logistical challenges involved with scaling up a sterilization network.",
    "output": "[Cause] logistical challenges involved with scaling up a sterilization network [Relation] cause [Effect] the business doesn't grow as expected",
    "gold": 1,
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  {
    "input": "We think that QuickBooks exhibits high switching costs given the regularity in bookkeeping and the pain of transferring a business' accounting record as well as learning a new software to record entries.",
    "output": "[Cause] the regularity in bookkeeping and the pain of transferring a business' accounting record [Relation] cause [Effect] QuickBooks exhibits high switching costs",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "This inflated capital base combined with our forecasts of sustainably lower oil and gas expenditures compared with the 2010 to 2014 boom means that National Oilwell as a whole is unlikely to generate substantial economic profits moving forward.",
    "output": "[Cause] inflated capital base (combined with forecasts of sustainably lower oil and gas expenditures compared with the 2010 to 2014 boom) [Relation] cause [Effect] National Oilwell as a whole is unlikely to generate substantial economic profits moving forward",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Additionally, the scale and breadth of its operations allows the company to build out a wider set of data and experience, which we believe improves the value of its services even at the middle-market level.",
    "output": "[Cause] the scale and breadth of its operations [Relation] enable [Effect] allows the company to build out a wider set of data and experience",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.499999761581421,
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  {
    "input": "Additionally, the scale and breadth of its operations allows the company to build out a wider set of data and experience, which we believe improves the value of its services even at the middle-market level.",
    "output": "[Cause] the scale and breadth of its operations [Relation] enable [Effect] allows the company to build out a wider set of data and experience",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "In 2019, pricing momentum picked up, and this positive trend accelerated in 2020 as the coronavirus appears to have acted as an additional spur to pricing.",
    "output": "[Cause] the coronavirus appears to have acted as an additional spur to pricing [Relation] cause [Effect] pricing momentum picked up in 2020",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "By our assessment, MPS' returns on invested capital haven't dipped below 20%--even when its business was barely breaking $100 million in revenue--and have steadily grown with its top line and margin expansion.",
    "output": "[Cause] MPS' returns on invested capital haven't dipped below 20% [Relation] enable [Effect] have steadily grown with its top line and margin expansion",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "As these platforms begin to capture a larger percentage of marketplace activity, a positive feedback loop will allow CoStar to more effectively monetize them.",
    "output": "[Cause] these platforms begin to capture a larger percentage of marketplace activity [Relation] enable [Effect] a positive feedback loop will allow CoStar to more effectively monetize them",
    "gold": 1,
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  {
    "input": "Although we project Gran Tierra to generate economic profit in the near term, the combination of intensive capital requirements and the uncertainty associated with future resource potential hampers the company's ability to generate sustainable excess returns on invested capital.",
    "output": "[Cause] intensive capital requirements and the uncertainty associated with future resource potential [Relation] hinder [Effect] hampers the company's ability to generate sustainable excess returns on invested capital",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Further consolidation in the industries in which the company operates, such as healthcare, could give Cognizant less leverage in its margins and make the company more vulnerable if a competitor were to suddenly take major share of a vertical.",
    "output": "[Cause] further consolidation in the industries in which the company operates, such as healthcare [Relation] cause [Effect] give Cognizant less leverage in its margins and make the company more vulnerable if a competitor were to suddenly take major share of a vertical",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "In the U.S., metal recycling firms tend to compete regionally because scrap metal has a very low value/weight ratio and is not readily transported by land over long distances in a cost-effective manner.",
    "output": "[Cause] scrap metal has a very low value/weight ratio and is not readily transported by land over long distances in a cost-effective manner [Relation] cause [Effect] metal recycling firms tend to compete regionally",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
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    "cosine": 1.4999998807907104,
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  {
    "input": "In the more sedate demand environment, incremental capacity can be added for very low capital costs through incremental expansions and efficiencies, including innovative technology such as automated haulage.",
    "output": "[Cause] sedate demand environment [Relation] enable [Effect] incremental capacity can be added for very low capital costs through incremental expansions and efficiencies, including innovative technology such as automated haulage",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Realty Income has increased the average quality of its portfolio by leasing to more investment-grade tenants, increasing the EBITDAR/rent coverage ratio, and diversifying across more defensive industries.",
    "output": "[Cause] leasing to more investment-grade tenants, increasing the EBITDAR/rent coverage ratio, and diversifying across more defensive industries [Relation] cause [Effect] Realty Income has increased the average quality of its portfolio",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.4833086133003235,
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  {
    "input": "However, there have been some benefits as low interest rates have boosted mortgage volume and unemployment claims have boosted workforce solutions.",
    "output": "[Cause] low interest rates have boosted mortgage volume; unemployment claims have boosted workforce solutions [Relation] enable [Effect] some benefits",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "However, there have been some benefits as low interest rates have boosted mortgage volume and unemployment claims have boosted workforce solutions.",
    "output": "[Cause] low interest rates have boosted mortgage volume, unemployment claims have boosted workforce solutions [Relation] cause [Effect] there have been some benefits",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "While reimbursement pressure could arise in the U.S., we see medium uncertainty around DaVita's ongoing cash flows given the essential nature of its services and its strong competitive position in the U.S.",
    "output": "[Cause] the essential nature of its services and its strong competitive position in the U.S. [Relation] enable [Effect] medium uncertainty around DaVita's ongoing cash flows",
    "gold": 1,
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  {
    "input": "At the end of 2020, Schwab supported over $6.5 trillion of client assets, making it one of the largest U.S.-based companies focused on securities trading and wealth management.",
    "output": "[Cause] Schwab supported over $6.5 trillion of client assets [Relation] cause [Effect] Schwab becomes one of the largest U.S.-based companies focused on securities trading and wealth management",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "The domino effect that took hold of this economy stretched into ''collateralized'' mortgage instruments and as subprime mortgage owners were unable to make their payments.",
    "output": "[Cause] subprime mortgage owners were unable to make their payments [Relation]  [Effect] The domino effect that took hold of this economy stretched into ''collateralized'' mortgage instruments",
    "gold": 1,
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  {
    "input": "Additionally, RH's demand is largely tied to the performance of the domestic home improvement market and consumer confidence, which tend to fluctuate over an economic cycle, driving significant volatility in sales.",
    "output": "[Cause] the performance of the domestic home improvement market and consumer confidence, which tend to fluctuate over an economic cycle [Relation] cause [Effect] significant volatility in sales",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Additionally, RH's demand is largely tied to the performance of the domestic home improvement market and consumer confidence, which tend to fluctuate over an economic cycle, driving significant volatility in sales.",
    "output": "[Cause] performance of the domestic home improvement market and consumer confidence, which tend to fluctuate over an economic cycle [Relation] cause [Effect] significant volatility in sales",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "With more usage, more data about users' behavioral interests is gathered, analyzed, and applied to rank ads more accurately based on their relevance and click-through-rate probability.",
    "output": "[Cause] more usage, more data about users' behavioral interests is gathered, analyzed, and applied [Relation] enable [Effect] rank ads more accurately based on their relevance and click-through-rate probability",
    "gold": 1,
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  {
    "input": "That said, coal runs in unit trains hauling exclusively coal (often using customers' cars), thus we think the rail can continue to adjust its train and crew starts to match demand conditions.",
    "output": "[Cause] rail can continue to adjust its train and crew starts to match demand conditions [Relation] enable [Effect] coal runs in unit trains hauling exclusively coal",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4252265691757202,
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  {
    "input": "This is due to the decline in raw material prices, coupled with the overcapacity issues in the steel industry, resulting in a lack of pricing power for steel producers.",
    "output": "[Cause] decline in raw material prices, coupled with overcapacity issues in the steel industry [Relation] cause [Effect] lack of pricing power for steel producers",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "We assign the bank a high uncertainty rating, which we believe captures the spread between our bull and bear cases.",
    "output": "[Cause] high uncertainty rating [Relation] cause [Effect] captures the spread between our bull and bear cases",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "New York City has averaged 5% supply growth since 2013, and that trend should continue for at least two more years as the city continues to approve midblock upscale and midscale hotels in the most desired submarkets. This has kept New York City's revPAR growth below the national average over this time frame, and Host's Manhattan portfolio saw negative revPAR growth in 2015, 2016, and 2017 as a result of high supply.",
    "output": "[Cause] New York City's approval of midblock upscale and midscale hotels in the most desired submarkets, averaging 5% supply growth since 2013 [Relation] cause [Effect] New York City's revPAR growth below the national average, negative revPAR growth in Host's Manhattan portfolio in 2015, 2016, and 2017",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Since the crisis, much has changed, and management has made improvements to the underwriting process, and generally improved the bank's risk management.",
    "output": "[Cause] management has made improvements to the underwriting process and generally improved the bank's risk management [Relation] cause [Effect] much has changed",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Bell is competing against a joint venture between Lockheed Martin and Boeing for this contract, and we don't anticipate Bell winning this contract due to subscale production capabilities relative to Lockheed and Boeing.",
    "output": "[Cause] subscale production capabilities relative to Lockheed and Boeing [Relation] prevent [Effect] Bell not winning this contract",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "The bankruptcy of the firm's largest franchisee, NPC International, also points to deteriorating unit economics, as Pizza Hut represented 75% of the firm's restaurant portfolio.",
    "output": "[Cause] bankruptcy of the firm's largest franchisee, NPC International [Relation] cause [Effect] deteriorating unit economics",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "Approximately three drillers currently operate in the Gulf of Mexico, so natural buyers in the space are difficult to pinpoint.",
    "output": "[Cause] Approximately three drillers currently operate in the Gulf of Mexico [Relation] cause [Effect] natural buyers in the space are difficult to pinpoint",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.500000238418579,
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  {
    "input": "On the back of online dating becoming mainstream, the number of Internet and mobile device users increasing globally, and the growth of the singles population worldwide, Match Group with its portfolio of online dating brands has become the leader in this space.",
    "output": "[Cause] online dating becoming mainstream, the number of Internet and mobile device users increasing globally, and the growth of the singles population worldwide [Relation] enable [Effect] Match Group with its portfolio of online dating brands has become the leader in this space",
    "gold": 1,
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    "cosine": 1.4785404205322266,
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  {
    "input": "However, we believe the use of research models will remain an integral part of the drug development process, as alternatives such as in vitro (test tubes) and in silico (computer simulation) testing do not fully replicate the in vivo dynamics.",
    "output": "[Cause] alternatives such as in vitro (test tubes) and in silico (computer simulation) testing do not fully replicate the in vivo dynamics [Relation] cause [Effect] the use of research models will remain an integral part of the drug development process",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4013713002204895,
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  {
    "input": "Biosimilar competition is a looming threat, but we think the significant manufacturing and development costs that biosimilar makers are expected to incur would slow any erosion of sales of these products, limiting the number of contenders and their ability to compete on price.",
    "output": "[Cause] significant manufacturing and development costs that biosimilar makers are expected to incur [Relation] prevent [Effect] slow erosion of sales of biosimilar products, limiting the number of contenders and their ability to compete on price",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4187607765197754,
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  {
    "input": "In a rising interest rates environment, consumers could be less willing to finance their vehicle purchases, resulting in shrinking demand for ATVs.",
    "output": "[Cause] In a rising interest rates environment [Relation] cause [Effect] consumers could be less willing to finance their vehicle purchases",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "input": "We project annual sales increases of 12% during the next five years as a result of new drug launches offsetting patent losses.",
    "output": "[Cause] new drug launches [Relation] enable [Effect] annual sales increases of 12% during the next five years",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
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    "cosine": 1.5000001192092896,
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  {
    "input": "The company's new online advisory platform will also benefit from its low cost and client reach, which will enable Schwab to be more profitable than existing players and leapfrog them in assets.",
    "output": "[Cause] The company's new online advisory platform's low cost and client reach [Relation] enable [Effect] enable Schwab to be more profitable than existing players and leapfrog them in assets",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4739378690719604,
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  {
    "input": "Due to the sale of most of its brake control business as well as coronavirus-induced industrywide factory closures, 2020 revenue declined 28%, but we forecast a 30% rebound in 2021 as backlog starts to ramp-up, with a return to normalized light vehicle demand in 2023.",
    "output": "[Cause] sale of most of its brake control business as well as coronavirus-induced industrywide factory closures [Relation] cause [Effect] 2020 revenue declined 28%",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 0.9566748142242432,
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  {
    "input": "Due to the sale of most of its brake control business as well as coronavirus-induced industrywide factory closures, 2020 revenue declined 28%, but we forecast a 30% rebound in 2021 as backlog starts to ramp-up, with a return to normalized light vehicle demand in 2023.",
    "output": "[Cause] sale of most of its brake control business and coronavirus-induced industrywide factory closures [Relation] cause [Effect] 2020 revenue declined 28%",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3643511533737183,
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  {
    "input": "Due to the sale of most of its brake control business as well as coronavirus-induced industrywide factory closures, 2020 revenue declined 28%, but we forecast a 30% rebound in 2021 as backlog starts to ramp-up, with a return to normalized light vehicle demand in 2023.",
    "output": "[Cause] sale of most of its brake control business | coronavirus-induced industrywide factory closures [Relation] cause [Effect] 2020 revenue declined 28%",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.3230828046798706,
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  {
    "input": "Due to the sale of most of its brake control business as well as coronavirus-induced industrywide factory closures, 2020 revenue declined 28%, but we forecast a 30% rebound in 2021 as backlog starts to ramp-up, with a return to normalized light vehicle demand in 2023.",
    "output": "[Cause] the sale of most of its brake control business as well as coronavirus-induced industrywide factory closures [Relation] cause [Effect] 2020 revenue declined 28%",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 0.9886694550514221,
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  {
    "input": "With most of its assets located in midtown Manhattan, SL Green benefits disproportionately from the ever-increasing demand for centrally located real estate from companies that employ global tech and financial talent.",
    "output": "[Cause] ever-increasing demand for centrally located real estate from companies that employ global tech and financial talent [Relation] enable [Effect] SL Green benefits disproportionately",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "It's unlikely that interest rates return to pre-financial-crisis levels and thus we expect Prudential to continue to face this headwind for the foreseeable future.",
    "output": "[Cause] interest rates unlikely to return to pre-financial-crisis levels [Relation] cause [Effect] Prudential continues to face this headwind for the foreseeable future",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3959972858428955,
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  {
    "input": "The company is in the midst of an expansion initiative on the retail and commercial side, aiming to expand its geographic footprint as well as its digital presence in key locations all over the United States.",
    "output": "[Cause] expansion initiative on the retail and commercial side [Relation] cause [Effect] aim to expand its geographic footprint as well as its digital presence in key locations all over the United States",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Since even slightly differentiated technical features can cause an end user to prefer one tool over another similar tool for specific applications in Danaher's precise scientific end markets, we see intangible assets around its differentiated technology.",
    "output": "[Cause] even slightly differentiated technical features can cause an end user to prefer one tool over another similar tool for specific applications in Danaher's precise scientific end markets [Relation] cause [Effect] intangible assets around its differentiated technology",
    "gold": 1,
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  {
    "input": "These tests receive regulatory approval during the system approval process, and switching costs can be high, because customers are unlikely to reopen a regulatory file simply to get a different control approved.",
    "output": "[Cause] These tests receive regulatory approval during the system approval process [Relation] cause [Effect] switching costs can be high",
    "gold": 0,
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    "input": "Givlaari for acute hepatic porphyria also looks promising given that AHP is a rare indication with high unmet need.",
    "output": "[Cause] AHP is a rare indication with high unmet need [Relation] cause [Effect] Givlaari for acute hepatic porphyria looks promising",
    "gold": 0,
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    "cosine": 1.4974161386489868,
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  {
    "input": "Investment in the treasure hunt should keep post-pandemic traffic strong, and we are not concerned about cannibalization as rivals Ross and TJX grow, considering customers' willingness to shop multiple off-price stores.",
    "output": "[Cause] Investment in the treasure hunt [Relation] enable [Effect] should keep post-pandemic traffic strong",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "input": "Valuations in the company's target markets currently appear somewhat rich to us, too, which could constrain its returns going forward if its M&amp;A activities continue unabated.",
    "output": "[Cause] Valuations in the company's target markets currently appear somewhat rich [Relation] cause [Effect] constrain its returns going forward if its M&A activities continue unabated",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "The exhaust system must be engineered in such a way that back pressure and airflow are maximized for optimum fuel efficiency and engine performance.",
    "output": "[Cause] The exhaust system must be engineered in such a way [Relation] ensure [Effect] back pressure and airflow are maximized for optimum fuel efficiency and engine performance",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "input": "That said, Post's cereal business reports attractive margins, and we applaud the firm's efforts to further maximize profitability by right-sizing the business for the more modest opportunity.",
    "output": "[Cause] the firm's efforts to further maximize profitability by right-sizing the business for the more modest opportunity [Relation] cause [Effect] Post's cereal business reports attractive margins",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Hubbell's large suite of products allows it to generate ample volumes that lead to cost efficiencies in key portions of its supply chain.",
    "output": "[Cause] Hubbell's large suite of products [Relation] enable [Effect] allows it to generate ample volumes",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "The best models will have consistent and uniform genetic makeup, which requires generations of systematic inbreeding as well as regular backcrossing with the original genetic source to prevent genetic shifts over time.",
    "output": "[Cause] generations of systematic inbreeding as well as regular backcrossing with the original genetic source [Relation] enable [Effect] consistent and uniform genetic makeup",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "Gaming should continue to be a major source of revenue, though we think recent growth rates will be difficult to replicate due to saturation and lengthening replacement cycles of gaming GPUs, greater competition, and softer cryptocurrency mining-related GPU sales.",
    "output": "[Cause] saturation and lengthening replacement cycles of gaming GPUs, greater competition, and softer cryptocurrency mining-related GPU sales [Relation] cause [Effect] recent growth rates will be difficult to replicate",
    "gold": 1,
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  {
    "input": "However, we think economic shocks or housing slowdowns will induce a higher degree of price competition as coatings companies fight for volume, leading to narrower margins over a full cycle.",
    "output": "[Cause] economic shocks or housing slowdowns [Relation] cause [Effect] induce a higher degree of price competition as coatings companies fight for volume",
    "gold": 0,
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    "input": "However, we think economic shocks or housing slowdowns will induce a higher degree of price competition as coatings companies fight for volume, leading to narrower margins over a full cycle.",
    "output": "[Cause] economic shocks or housing slowdowns [Relation] cause [Effect] induce a higher degree of price competition as coatings companies fight for volume, leading to narrower margins over a full cycle",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "We believe the greatest risk is that the industry evolves into a fragmented series of sub-categories, limiting the previous benefits of scale and making it difficult to replicate margins of the lucrative cigarette business.",
    "output": "[Cause] the industry evolves into a fragmented series of sub-categories [Relation] cause [Effect] limiting the previous benefits of scale and making it difficult to replicate margins of the lucrative cigarette business",
    "gold": 1,
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  {
    "input": "As RedCard credit and debit sales account for less than one fourth of Target's total and Target Circle only launched in 2019, we believe it does not enjoy the same level of advantage as other sellers with greater insight.",
    "output": "[Cause] RedCard credit and debit sales account for less than one fourth of Target's total; Target Circle only launched in 2019 [Relation] cause [Effect] believe it does not enjoy the same level of advantage as other sellers with greater insight",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "Qorvo generated 5% revenue growth in fiscal 2020, thanks to the start of 5G RF adoption, offset by headwinds due to lost business within Huawei's base station business due to the U.S.",
    "output": "[Cause] headwinds due to lost business within Huawei's base station business due to the U.S. [Relation] offset [Effect] Qorvo generated 5% revenue growth in fiscal 2020, thanks to the start of 5G RF adoption",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "input": "Qorvo generated 5% revenue growth in fiscal 2020, thanks to the start of 5G RF adoption, offset by headwinds due to lost business within Huawei's base station business due to the U.S.",
    "output": "[Cause] lost business within Huawei's base station business due to the U.S. [Relation] offset [Effect] Qorvo generated 5% revenue growth in fiscal 2020, thanks to the start of 5G RF adoption",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "While we're optimistic about Alibaba's ability to become a preferred partner for international retailers and consumer brands looking to sell in China, the firm does not enjoy the same network effect and brand recognition in other countries, and it may face challenges directly expanding in these markets.",
    "output": "[Cause] Alibaba does not enjoy the same network effect and brand recognition in other countries [Relation] cause [Effect] Alibaba may face challenges directly expanding in these markets",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "While we forecast low-single-digit revenue growth in this segment, we think operating margins will contract as favorable linerboard economics have attracted increased competition and additional supply.",
    "output": "[Cause] favorable linerboard economics have attracted increased competition and additional supply [Relation] cause [Effect] operating margins will contract",
    "gold": 1,
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  {
    "input": "Considering the relatively discretionary nature of insulin pumps, Insulet remains vulnerable to economic downturns when consumers tighten their financial belts and stick with multiple daily injections.",
    "output": "[Cause] economic downturns when consumers tighten their financial belts [Relation] cause [Effect] Insulet remains vulnerable",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "We expect adjusted operating margins to remain around the 30% range over the next five years as payments (which should accelerate as eBay's operating agreement with PayPal has expired) and operating leverage offset other experience investments.",
    "output": "[Cause] payments should accelerate as eBay's operating agreement with PayPal has expired, operating leverage [Relation] enable [Effect] expect adjusted operating margins to remain around the 30% range over the next five years",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "While this change has not hurt RELX thus far, it is an example of how easily business models can change, and when you operate a division that generates operating margins of around 37%, there is always a danger that the next change of model may come at your expense.",
    "output": "[Cause] the change of business models [Relation] cause [Effect] there is always a danger that the next change of model may come at your expense",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "Operating in offshore environments exposes Total to the risk of large oil spills that could result in material losses through lost revenue, fines or penalties, or loss of license to operate.",
    "output": "[Cause] Operating in offshore environments [Relation] cause [Effect] risk of large oil spills that could result in material losses",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "M&T derives about two thirds of its income from net interest income, and with the bank's cheaper deposit base, it is more sensitive to movements in interest rates.",
    "output": "[Cause] M&T derives about two thirds of its income from net interest income [Relation] cause [Effect] it is more sensitive to movements in interest rates",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "The position it forged as a trusted supplier through strong relationships with governments allow it, and other large incumbents, to identify emerging trends and opportunities in the defense market. This insight affords the firm the ability to fund early stage research into next-generation technologies that is further developed with customer funding.",
    "output": "[Cause] The position it forged as a trusted supplier through strong relationships with governments [Relation] enable [Effect] allows it, and other large incumbents, to identify emerging trends and opportunities in the defense market",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "We contend that the chain's rapidly changing product assortment encourages repeat customer visits while reducing the risk of potential fashion trend- or weather-related missteps (as the assortment quickly turns over and Burlington buys inventory year-round).",
    "output": "[Cause] chain's rapidly changing product assortment [Relation] enable [Effect] encourages repeat customer visits and reduces the risk of potential fashion trend- or weather-related missteps",
    "gold": 0,
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    "input": "We contend that the chain's rapidly changing product assortment encourages repeat customer visits while reducing the risk of potential fashion trend- or weather-related missteps (as the assortment quickly turns over and Burlington buys inventory year-round).",
    "output": "[Cause] the chain's rapidly changing product assortment [Relation] enable [Effect] encourages repeat customer visits while reducing the risk of potential fashion trend- or weather-related missteps",
    "gold": 0,
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    "input": "With appeal to a wide variety of consumers, we anticipate the concept should translate well to new markets as the chain grows toward its 2,500-unit target (from 900 at the end of fiscal 2019).",
    "output": "[Cause] appeal to a wide variety of consumers [Relation] cause [Effect] the concept should translate well to new markets",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "InterContinental's unit growth is lowered by the company's focus on brand quality, which leads to annual closures of 2%-3% of its existing rooms.",
    "output": "[Cause] the company's focus on brand quality [Relation] prevent [Effect] InterContinental's unit growth is lowered",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "Intermodal was already grappling with heavy competition from the trucking sector over the past year, and that has worsened on the back of persistently low truckload rates thus far in 2020.",
    "output": "[Cause] heavy competition from the trucking sector over the past year [Relation] cause [Effect] Intermodal was already grappling with heavy competition",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "Even after the improvement in operations since emerging from bankruptcy in 2009, high feed costs led to an operating loss in 2011, with the company reporting an adjusted operating margin of negative 4.6%. As such, while we forecast an average of 12% ROICs on average annually over the next five years, the actual results reported will probably be more volatile.",
    "output": "[Cause] high feed costs [Relation] cause [Effect] operating loss in 2011, with the company reporting an adjusted operating margin of negative 4.6%",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "As with most exploration and production firms, a deteriorating outlook for oil and natural gas prices would pressure Hess' profitability, reduce cash flows, and drive up financial leverage.",
    "output": "[Cause] a deteriorating outlook for oil and natural gas prices [Relation] cause [Effect] pressure Hess' profitability, reduce cash flows, and drive up financial leverage",
    "gold": 1,
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  {
    "input": "Rituxan remains the standard of care in several forms of hematological cancer, but Gazyva's superior data in leukemia and certain forms of lymphoma, as well as potential in lupus, should help counter this threat to the profit share.",
    "output": "[Cause] Gazyva's superior data in leukemia and certain forms of lymphoma, as well as potential in lupus [Relation] counter [Effect] help counter the threat to the profit share of Rituxan",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Lowe's profitability has already begun to benefit from institutionalized processes that were previously inefficient, including labor management, reset efforts, and inventory controls, helping squeeze additional operating margin expansion out of the business ahead.",
    "output": "[Cause] institutionalized processes that were previously inefficient, including labor management, reset efforts, and inventory controls [Relation] enable [Effect] Lowe's profitability has already begun to benefit",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "The more Aptiv adds business based on algorithmic technology, the less capital-intense the company can become. Consequently, we expect Aptiv's operating leverage to slowly but steadily become less dependent on volume and operating leverage, relative to other auto parts suppliers whose products do not depend on software development.",
    "output": "[Cause] The more Aptiv adds business based on algorithmic technology [Relation] enable [Effect] the less capital-intense the company can become",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "Fourth, Mattel remains exposed to input costs like resins, which are difficult to predict and hard to hedge and can affect gross margin.",
    "output": "[Cause] Mattel remains exposed to input costs like resins [Relation] cause [Effect] can affect gross margin",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "The firm could also see lower costs from an improved supply chain and distribution network (as a result of direct sourcing and furniture delivery operations) as well as higher productivity of its store fleet (as underperforming locations close).",
    "output": "[Cause] direct sourcing and furniture delivery operations | underperforming locations close [Relation] enable | prevent [Effect] lower costs from an improved supply chain and distribution network | higher productivity of its store fleet",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "The firm could also see lower costs from an improved supply chain and distribution network (as a result of direct sourcing and furniture delivery operations) as well as higher productivity of its store fleet (as underperforming locations close).",
    "output": "[Cause] improved supply chain and distribution network (as a result of direct sourcing and furniture delivery operations), higher productivity of its store fleet (as underperforming locations close) [Relation] enable [Effect] lower costs",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "Flash technology, specifically in the form of solid-state drives, or SSDs, have performance improvements over HDDs that have resulted in an ongoing shift toward SSDs for mass storage needs in PCs and servers.",
    "output": "[Cause] performance improvements of solid-state drives (SSDs) over HDDs [Relation] cause [Effect] an ongoing shift toward SSDs for mass storage needs in PCs and servers",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "From a fundamental standpoint, near-term profitability remains strong, as pandemic-induced distortions have facilitated reductions in advertising and other corporate expenses.",
    "output": "[Cause] pandemic-induced distortions have facilitated reductions in advertising and other corporate expenses [Relation] enable [Effect] near-term profitability remains strong",
    "gold": 1,
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  {
    "input": "Emission solutions continue to reduce diesel emissions, battery electric is a viable solution for regional-haul operations, and fuel cells have the potential to power long-haul operations; which may limit the adoption of LNG trucks, particularly outside of Europe.",
    "output": "[Cause] emission solutions continue to reduce diesel emissions, battery electric is a viable solution for regional-haul operations, and fuel cells have the potential to power long-haul operations [Relation] cause [Effect] may limit the adoption of LNG trucks, particularly outside of Europe",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "Current and planned capacity is primarily in solar, but Total is pushing further into floating offshore wind, which should drive growth beyond 2025 and where it can leverage offshore capabilities from its oil and gas operations.",
    "output": "[Cause] Total is pushing further into floating offshore wind [Relation] enable [Effect] should drive growth beyond 2025",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4134529829025269,
    "pred": 0
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  {
    "input": "We're anticipating a minor step up in capital expenditures as a percent of sales in the short term, as the company increases missile production capacity.",
    "output": "[Cause] the company increases missile production capacity [Relation] cause [Effect] a minor step up in capital expenditures as a percent of sales in the short term",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.5,
    "pred": 1
  },
  {
    "input": "We now forecast RH's terminal operating margin at 22.2% (21.6% prior), reflecting the increasing possibility that the company's evolution to an integrated luxury brand could offer the ability to tap into a larger total addressable market, rather than solely a furniture-seeking cohort.",
    "output": "[Cause] the company's evolution to an integrated luxury brand [Relation] enable [Effect] offer the ability to tap into a larger total addressable market, rather than solely a furniture-seeking cohort",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.2199108004570007,
    "pred": 0
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  {
    "input": "The company finds a receptive audience with large pharma clients, which see sizable benefits in the simplified procurement process Thermo Fisher offers. As a result, the firm's penetration and entrenchment within the pharma end market (switching costs) are expanding, which we expect to continue.",
    "output": "[Cause] large pharma clients see sizable benefits in the simplified procurement process Thermo Fisher offers [Relation] enable [Effect] The company finds a receptive audience",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3857423663139343,
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  {
    "input": "International organic revenue growth on existing towers averaged about 10% annually over the five years preceding 2020, when it dipped to 7.3% due in part to COVID-19-induced carrier spending slowdowns.",
    "output": "[Cause] COVID-19-induced carrier spending slowdowns [Relation] cause [Effect] International organic revenue growth on existing towers dipped to 7.3%",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4870452880859375,
    "pred": 1
  },
  {
    "input": "Effectively, franchisees get young technicians hooked on Snap-on by making them reliant on credit while providing exceptional service that includes same-day warranty replacements.",
    "output": "[Cause] franchisees making young technicians reliant on credit [Relation] enable [Effect] getting them hooked on Snap-on",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4442865252494812,
    "pred": 1
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  {
    "input": "Effectively, franchisees get young technicians hooked on Snap-on by making them reliant on credit while providing exceptional service that includes same-day warranty replacements.",
    "output": "[Cause] franchisees making young technicians reliant on credit [Relation] cause [Effect] getting them hooked on Snap-on",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3472678065299988,
    "pred": 0
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  {
    "input": "In the 2023 to 2025 time period, we think the company can eke out incremental improvement as it further rationalizes its manufacturing assets.",
    "output": "[Cause] further rationalizes its manufacturing assets [Relation] cause [Effect] the company can eke out incremental improvement",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4919251203536987,
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  {
    "input": "The firm's direct-to-consumer plans around HBO Max are gaining momentum, which should nicely augment and eventually supplant traditional distribution mechanisms.",
    "output": "[Cause] The firm's direct-to-consumer plans around HBO Max are gaining momentum [Relation] cause [Effect] nicely augment and eventually supplant traditional distribution mechanisms",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.44757741689682,
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  {
    "input": "For reference, we utilize 2019 metrics given the lack of comparability the 2020 fiscal year offers due to the pandemic.",
    "output": "[Cause] lack of comparability the 2020 fiscal year offers due to the pandemic [Relation] cause [Effect] utilize 2019 metrics for reference",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4740300178527832,
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  {
    "input": "Our fair value estimate includes a $7.25 per share deduction to account for our estimate of future claims that Edison will have to pay out to victims of the 2017-18 wildfires and mudslides, net of tax and insurance recoveries.",
    "output": "[Cause] estimate of future claims that Edison will have to pay out to victims of the 2017-18 wildfires and mudslides, net of tax and insurance recoveries [Relation] cause [Effect] $7.25 per share deduction in the fair value estimate",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4812440872192383,
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  {
    "input": "A decade of consolidation in the corrugated packaging industry has allowed WestRock and its peers to push more aggressively on prices, resulting in a period of higher margins.",
    "output": "[Cause] consolidation in the corrugated packaging industry [Relation] enable [Effect] WestRock and its peers can push more aggressively on prices",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.17001473903656,
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  {
    "input": "In the second half of 2016, ON Semiconductor purchased Fairchild Semiconductors, which significantly increased the firm's discrete semiconductor sales, boosting its position in voltage regulators and IGBT power transistors, for example, and making it the number-two player in the discrete market behind Infineon.",
    "output": "[Cause] ON Semiconductor purchased Fairchild Semiconductors [Relation] cause [Effect] significantly increased the firm's discrete semiconductor sales, boosting its position in voltage regulators and IGBT power transistors",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.2470115423202515,
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  {
    "input": "As artificial intelligence progresses, we expect Lam and its peers will be able to optimize chamber, tool, and fleet performance leading to less variability, higher yields, and thus more value for the customer.",
    "output": "[Cause] artificial intelligence progresses [Relation] enable [Effect] Lam and its peers will be able to optimize chamber, tool, and fleet performance",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.500000238418579,
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  {
    "input": "As artificial intelligence progresses, we expect Lam and its peers will be able to optimize chamber, tool, and fleet performance leading to less variability, higher yields, and thus more value for the customer.",
    "output": "[Cause] artificial intelligence progresses [Relation] enable [Effect] Lam and its peers will be able to optimize chamber, tool, and fleet performance leading to less variability, higher yields",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.325415849685669,
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  {
    "input": "We also expect comp growth to come through new menu items and daypart expansion, delivery (aided by a second make-line for digital ordering at many locations), \"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"Chipotlane\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\" pickup window locations and other alternative restaurant formats (which should allow for unit growth acceleration in later years), and employee investments.",
    "output": "[Cause] new menu items and daypart expansion, delivery (aided by a second make-line for digital ordering at many locations), \"Chipotlane\" pickup window locations and other alternative restaurant formats, and employee investments [Relation] enable [Effect] comp growth and unit growth acceleration in later years",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4390438795089722,
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  {
    "input": "As a diversified industrial company, Crane is exposed to the overall health of the global economy, including a potential slowdown in industrial production and GDP growth as well as cyclicality in its end markets.",
    "output": "[Cause] overall health of the global economy, potential slowdown in industrial production and GDP growth, cyclicality in its end markets [Relation] cause [Effect] Crane being exposed to these factors",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3853817582130432,
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  {
    "input": "Switching would require substantial effort in redesigning the aircraft to accommodate the new product, production delays for recertification, updated maintenance procedures, and since many non-engine components of aircraft are not material relative to the multi-million dollar aircraft, would not render material cost savings relative to the aircraft.",
    "output": "[Cause] switching to a new product [Relation] cause [Effect] ",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 0.868732750415802,
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  {
    "input": "Successful commercialization of diabetes products also requires a strong sales presence, such as Novo's 15,000-plus sales employees scattered across the globe.",
    "output": "[Cause] Novo's 15,000-plus sales employees scattered across the globe [Relation] enable [Effect] Successful commercialization of diabetes products",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.2891954183578491,
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  {
    "input": "Nevertheless, the current entity combines the heft of Cott's former water subsidiaries with the legacy Primo business, and as a pure-play water provider, we expect a more robust top-line trajectory and a structurally improved margin profile.",
    "output": "[Cause] the current entity combines the heft of Cott's former water subsidiaries with the legacy Primo business [Relation] enable [Effect] we expect a more robust top-line trajectory and a structurally improved margin profile",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.2622674107551575,
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  {
    "input": "Nevertheless, the current entity combines the heft of Cott's former water subsidiaries with the legacy Primo business, and as a pure-play water provider, we expect a more robust top-line trajectory and a structurally improved margin profile.",
    "output": "[Cause] the current entity combines the heft of Cott's former water subsidiaries with the legacy Primo business [Relation] cause [Effect] we expect a more robust top-line trajectory and a structurally improved margin profile",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.11290442943573,
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  {
    "input": "Brand recognition in this population along with a low-priced offering has helped Centene build the leading market share on the individual exchanges.",
    "output": "[Cause] Brand recognition in this population along with a low-priced offering [Relation] cause [Effect] helped Centene build the leading market share on the individual exchanges",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.5000001192092896,
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  {
    "input": "As the ECR segment had high exposure to volatile oil and gas prices, and its operating margins have long lagged those of the remaining two segments, we think the divestment will lower the risk and boost the margins of Jacobs' portfolio.",
    "output": "[Cause] high exposure to volatile oil and gas prices, and its operating margins have long lagged those of the remaining two segments [Relation] cause [Effect] divestment will lower the risk and boost the margins of Jacobs' portfolio",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3873239159584045,
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  {
    "input": "Customers are generally reluctant to switch FPGA vendors, which would require their engineers to learn new software and design tools.",
    "output": "[Cause] Customers are generally reluctant to switch FPGA vendors [Relation] prevent [Effect] require their engineers to learn new software and design tools",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4365525245666504,
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  {
    "input": "With more ads, Criteo gathered more data which the firm utilized to make its display ads more effective, creating value for clients and helping to bring in more clients and campaigns.",
    "output": "[Cause] With more ads, Criteo gathered more data [Relation] enable [Effect] the firm utilized the data to make its display ads more effective",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3858673572540283,
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  {
    "input": "However, Range is still not generating free cash flow by our estimates, which means the firm needs higher prices to generate free cash flows and earn its cost of capital.",
    "output": "[Cause] Range is not generating free cash flow by our estimates [Relation] require [Effect] the firm needs higher prices to generate free cash flows and earn its cost of capital",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4387513399124146,
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  {
    "input": "We think PFG's channel diversity, vast adoption of carryout, and the eventual containment of the COVID-19 virus (most likely after the dissemination of vaccines in 2021), should return PFG' organic revenue to prepandemic levels by 2022.",
    "output": "[Cause] PFG's channel diversity, vast adoption of carryout, and the eventual containment of the COVID-19 virus (most likely after the dissemination of vaccines in 2021) [Relation] enable [Effect] return PFG' organic revenue to prepandemic levels by 2022",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.4881396293640137,
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  {
    "input": "In our base case, we assume short-term rent growth and re-leasing spreads decline due to challenges arising from the coronavirus outbreak and significant Class A supply additions in Manhattan over the past few years. This is reflected in weak rental growth, before the market ultimately recovers and eventually settles at contractual growth of just under 2% by 2030.",
    "output": "[Cause] challenges arising from the coronavirus outbreak and significant Class A supply additions in Manhattan over the past few years [Relation] cause [Effect] short-term rent growth and re-leasing spreads decline, weak rental growth",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4498403072357178,
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  {
    "input": "We continue to expect uneven near-term industry guest traffic volatility as consumers adjust to restaurant operating changes, a reduction in government assistance, and the return of COVID-19-containment restrictions.",
    "output": "[Cause] consumers adjust to restaurant operating changes, a reduction in government assistance, and the return of COVID-19-containment restrictions [Relation] cause [Effect] uneven near-term industry guest traffic volatility",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.5000001192092896,
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  {
    "input": "We believe that cybersecurity threats should perpetually increase while becoming further sophisticated, as more data is created and dispersed away from centralized data centers.",
    "output": "[Cause] more data is created and dispersed away from centralized data centers [Relation] cause [Effect] cybersecurity threats should perpetually increase while becoming further sophisticated",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.5000001192092896,
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  {
    "input": "The proposed Labor Party changes to the favourable taxation of property, which would likely have impacted demand for property investment and property prices, were shelved when Labor surprisingly lost the May 2019 Federal election.",
    "output": "[Cause] proposed Labor Party changes to the favourable taxation of property [Relation] cause [Effect] likely impact on demand for property investment and property prices",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.2177962064743042,
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  {
    "input": "In addition, with the FTTP buildout now nearing completion (it won't be economical to build fiber over 100% of its footprint), Telus will be able to significantly reduce its wireline capital spending over the next few years.",
    "output": "[Cause] FTTP buildout nearing completion (it won't be economical to build fiber over 100% of its footprint) [Relation] enable [Effect] Telus will be able to significantly reduce its wireline capital spending over the next few years",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.278077483177185,
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  {
    "input": "Even for categories not facing these headwinds (such as yogurt), General Mills' Yoplait brand has lost significant share as it was late to respond to the shift to Greek yogurt, although now this trend is reversing and General Mills' share in yogurt has stabilized.",
    "output": "[Cause] Yoplait brand was late to respond to the shift to Greek yogurt [Relation] cause [Effect] General Mills' Yoplait brand has lost significant share in the yogurt category",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4724040031433105,
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  {
    "input": "It also gives its customers suggestions and solutions on the best way to operate the machinery efficiently. As a result, Komatsu was named as one of the Lowest Cost of Ownership Award 2018 winners by EquipmentWatch along with Caterpillar and Deere, based on its calculations on the five-year total cost of ownership of different models across the different heavy construction equipment types.",
    "output": "[Cause] Komatsu gives its customers suggestions and solutions on the best way to operate the machinery efficiently [Relation] enable [Effect] Komatsu was named as one of the Lowest Cost of Ownership Award 2018 winners",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3359103202819824,
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  {
    "input": "Brand loyalty in some cases stretches back for multiple generations as farmers often call themselves 'green' or 'red' farm equipment owners.",
    "output": "[Cause] farmers often call themselves 'green' or 'red' farm equipment owners [Relation] cause [Effect] Brand loyalty in some cases stretches back for multiple generations",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.4999999403953552,
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  {
    "input": "Additionally, the incorporation of a variety of other ITOM features, such as IT Asset Management, in IT Business Management has made the company's solution broader and focused on solving business problems rather than just selling applications.",
    "output": "[Cause] incorporation of a variety of other ITOM features, such as IT Asset Management, in IT Business Management [Relation] enable [Effect] made the company's solution broader and focused on solving business problems",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4768576622009277,
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  {
    "input": "We also see governance risk from the large investment and cash outlay for the Lunar projects given the uncertainty on whether these investments will create long-term value for shareholders.",
    "output": "[Cause] the uncertainty on whether these investments will create long-term value for shareholders [Relation] cause [Effect] governance risk from the large investment and cash outlay for the Lunar projects",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.5000001192092896,
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  {
    "input": "We suspect that a cooling housing market will dampen growth in mortgages, and we anticipate higher credit costs as cyclical lows from 2019 begin to normalize.",
    "output": "[Cause] a cooling housing market [Relation] cause [Effect] dampen growth in mortgages",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 0.9486091732978821,
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  {
    "input": "We expect annual earnings growth at Georgia Power to accelerate to high-single digits after Vogtle is completed and penalty returns on equity fade.",
    "output": "[Cause] Vogtle is completed and penalty returns on equity fade [Relation] cause [Effect] annual earnings growth at Georgia Power to accelerate to high-single digits",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.500000238418579,
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  {
    "input": "Healthpeak has established itself as a desirable partner with some of the top hospitals, as 94% of its medical office building assets are affiliated with a health system.",
    "output": "[Cause] 94% of its medical office building assets are affiliated with a health system [Relation] enable [Effect] Healthpeak has established itself as a desirable partner with some of the top hospitals",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.4534597396850586,
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  {
    "input": "Given the substantial costs at failure, we don't expect the military will switch its provider for missile defense systems any day soon.",
    "output": "[Cause] the substantial costs at failure [Relation] prevent [Effect] the military will not switch its provider for missile defense systems any day soon",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4403300285339355,
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  {
    "input": "Following Wesco's third-quarter results, we increased our fair value estimate 10% to $100 per share primarily due to our upwardly revised cost synergy assumptions but also lower share count.",
    "output": "[Cause] upwardly revised cost synergy assumptions, lower share count [Relation] cause [Effect] increased fair value estimate 10% to $100 per share",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4221275448799133,
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  {
    "input": "Department of Justice wrapped up its investigation into off-label use of the Infuse product without issuing any charges, the controversy around the investigation added uncertainty and contributed to a decline in Infuse sales during that period.",
    "output": "[Cause] controversy around the investigation [Relation] cause [Effect] contributed to a decline in Infuse sales during that period",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3170517683029175,
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  {
    "input": "During periods of rapid fuel price increases, truckload carriers often see modest temporary margin headwinds because of the time lag associated with adjusting fuel surcharges to shippers.",
    "output": "[Cause] rapid fuel price increases [Relation] cause [Effect] truckload carriers often see modest temporary margin headwinds",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3648900985717773,
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  {
    "input": "State and federal regulators grant PSE&amp;G exclusive rights to charge customers rates that allow it to earn a fair return on and return of the capital it invests to build, operate, and maintain its distribution networks.",
    "output": "[Cause] State and federal regulators grant PSE&G exclusive rights [Relation] enable [Effect] charge customers rates that allow it to earn a fair return on and return of the capital it invests to build, operate, and maintain its distribution networks",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4359511733055115,
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  {
    "input": "However, the cyclical supply and demand nature of commodities and related pricing can have an indirect impact on the business as shippers may choose to accelerate or delay certain projects.",
    "output": "[Cause] the cyclical supply and demand nature of commodities and related pricing [Relation] have an indirect impact [Effect] shippers may choose to accelerate or delay certain projects",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.441298007965088,
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  {
    "input": "State and federal regulators typically grant regulated utilities exclusive rights to charge customers rates that allow the utilities to earn a fair return on and of the capital they invest to build, operate, and maintain their distribution networks.",
    "output": "[Cause] State and federal regulators typically grant regulated utilities exclusive rights to charge customers rates [Relation] allow [Effect] allow the utilities to earn a fair return on and of the capital they invest to build, operate, and maintain their distribution networks",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4813064932823181,
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  {
    "input": "Firms such as Jones Lang LaSalle increasingly bundle services to provide a consolidated suite of offerings. This benefits JLL in that it can leverage certain parts of its business such as research and consulting, and it benefits clients that receive a more customized and tailored experience.",
    "output": "[Cause] Firms such as Jones Lang LaSalle increasingly bundle services to provide a consolidated suite of offerings [Relation] enable [Effect] JLL can leverage certain parts of its business such as research and consulting",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Infineon also has hefty manufacturing capacity for its products, which may lead to a higher fixed-cost structure and may cause significant margin compression when supply far exceeds demand.",
    "output": "[Cause] Infineon has hefty manufacturing capacity for its products [Relation] cause [Effect] may lead to a higher fixed-cost structure and may cause significant margin compression when supply far exceeds demand",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Pursuit has 50 dealers, a result of the smaller market it serves, and also sees healthy brand loyalty, with relationships averaging about 12 years.",
    "output": "[Cause] Pursuit serves a smaller market [Relation] cause [Effect] Pursuit has 50 dealers",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.2785369157791138,
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  {
    "input": "Only Samsung, which holds the leading share of both the NAND and DRAM memory markets, has been able to squeak out a cost advantage with its unparalleled scale.",
    "output": "[Cause] Samsung holds the leading share of both the NAND and DRAM memory markets [Relation] cause [Effect] Samsung has been able to squeak out a cost advantage",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.442814290523529,
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  {
    "input": "China Unicom has also made a strong push in mobiles in 2017 and 2018 and has helped lift competitive intensity in the market.",
    "output": "[Cause] China Unicom's strong push in mobiles in 2017 and 2018 [Relation] cause [Effect] lift competitive intensity in the market",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.453415870666504,
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  {
    "input": "With discretionary services set to bounce back as the pandemic recedes, Willis Towers Watson could see unusually strong growth in the near term.",
    "output": "[Cause] discretionary services set to bounce back as the pandemic recedes [Relation] cause [Effect] Willis Towers Watson could see unusually strong growth in the near term",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3005539774894714,
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  {
    "input": "Compared with its peers, however, Omnicom was relatively quiet on the acquisition front in 2016, two years after it ended merger talks with Publicis, which would have made the combined company larger than the U.K.'s WPP.",
    "output": "[Cause] ended merger talks with Publicis [Relation] cause [Effect] Omnicom was relatively quiet on the acquisition front in 2016",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "As they are putting together the ingredients and seasoning the dish, they have to constantly taste the stew and adjust the seasoning and ingredients to create the perfect recipe.",
    "output": "[Cause] constantly taste the stew and adjust the seasoning and ingredients [Relation] enable [Effect] create the perfect recipe",
    "gold": 1,
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    "input": "As a follow-on to the initial introduction of CRM, management introduced the Veeva Vault platform to broaden the portfolio that addresses the largely unmet needs of the life sciences industry outside of CRM.",
    "output": "[Cause] the introduction of CRM [Relation] follow-on [Effect] management introduced the Veeva Vault platform to broaden the portfolio that addresses the largely unmet needs of the life sciences industry outside of CRM",
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  {
    "input": "Because investors require this information and there are no substitutes, Nasdaq enjoys high switching costs, which makes it easy for it to achieve price increases.",
    "output": "[Cause] investors require this information and there are no substitutes [Relation] enable [Effect] Nasdaq enjoys high switching costs",
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  {
    "input": "It has a bright outlook via organic drilling growth at Diamondback, which will be the operator on over 50% of Viper's acreage, and further acquisitions of acreage from private owners.",
    "output": "[Cause] organic drilling growth at Diamondback, which will be the operator on over 50% of Viper's acreage, and further acquisitions of acreage from private owners [Relation] enable [Effect] It has a bright outlook",
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  {
    "input": "Tax documents from financial institutions customers have linked their Mint accounts to will automatically feed into TurboTax if cleared by the customer, making TurboTax renewals more likely, in our view.",
    "output": "[Cause] Tax documents from financial institutions customers have linked their Mint accounts to [Relation] enable [Effect] will automatically feed into TurboTax if cleared by the customer",
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  {
    "input": "We believe the combination of Azure, DBMS, Dynamics 365, and Office 365 will drive above-market growth as CIOs continue to consolidate vendors.",
    "output": "[Cause] the combination of Azure, DBMS, Dynamics 365, and Office 365 [Relation] enable [Effect] will drive above-market growth",
    "gold": 0,
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    "input": "Here, because the city is home to China's wealthy and political elite, CITIC Prudential Life focuses on selling wealth management products as well as advice on legacy planning and intergenerational insurance solutions.",
    "output": "[Cause] the city is home to China's wealthy and political elite [Relation] cause [Effect] CITIC Prudential Life focuses on selling wealth management products as well as advice on legacy planning and intergenerational insurance solutions",
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    "input": "After the 2005 merger of TD Waterhouse and Ameritrade, Broadridge lost TD Waterhouse as a client because Ameritrade completed its securities processing in-house.",
    "output": "[Cause] Ameritrade completed its securities processing in-house [Relation] cause [Effect] Broadridge lost TD Waterhouse as a client",
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    "input": "Although its sales soared during the pandemic, we believe the impact is temporary, as growth in sporting goods retail has generally been minimal due to external competition.",
    "output": "[Cause] growth in sporting goods retail has generally been minimal due to external competition [Relation] cause [Effect] sales soared during the pandemic (temporary impact)",
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    "input": "And once hosts and guests become aware of Airbnb's network they tend to increasingly stay on the platform, highlighting the quality of the company's offering.",
    "output": "[Cause] hosts and guests become aware of Airbnb's network [Relation] cause [Effect] tend to increasingly stay on the platform, highlighting the quality of the company's offering",
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    "input": "Capri has big plans for Versace and Jimmy Choo, primarily based on store growth and expansions of their accessory businesses.",
    "output": "[Cause] store growth and expansions of their accessory businesses [Relation] enable [Effect] Capri has big plans for Versace and Jimmy Choo",
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  {
    "input": "Sales of materials processing equipment, at first glance, would appear to be sensitive to the availability of aftermarket service due to the significant maintenance requirements that the machines require.",
    "output": "[Cause] significant maintenance requirements that the machines require [Relation] cause [Effect] sensitivity of sales of materials processing equipment to the availability of aftermarket service",
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    "input": "We expect sales of Herceptin, Rituxan, and Avastin to decline from roughly CHF 20 billion in 2019 to CHF 4 billion in 2025 due to biosimilar competition.",
    "output": "[Cause] biosimilar competition [Relation] cause [Effect] sales of Herceptin, Rituxan, and Avastin to decline from roughly CHF 20 billion in 2019 to CHF 4 billion in 2025",
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  {
    "input": "PTC has recently expanded from its core CAD and PLM solutions into Internet of Things and Augmented Reality (AR) offerings--largely via acquisition.",
    "output": "[Cause] PTC has recently expanded from its core CAD and PLM solutions into Internet of Things and Augmented Reality (AR) offerings [Relation] enable [Effect] largely via acquisition",
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    "input": "The industry's pricing transparency and significantly lower regulatory oversight have allowed the rise of competition from Internet retailers and equipment manufacturers, eroding most of these firms' switching costs and shifting the competitive landscape.",
    "output": "[Cause] The industry's pricing transparency and significantly lower regulatory oversight [Relation] enable [Effect] the rise of competition from Internet retailers and equipment manufacturers",
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    "input": "The industry's pricing transparency and significantly lower regulatory oversight have allowed the rise of competition from Internet retailers and equipment manufacturers, eroding most of these firms' switching costs and shifting the competitive landscape.",
    "output": "[Cause] the industry's pricing transparency and significantly lower regulatory oversight [Relation] cause [Effect] allowed the rise of competition from Internet retailers and equipment manufacturers, eroding most of these firms' switching costs",
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    "input": "While the combined company has an advantage over HDD competitor Seagate, we believe Western Digital will struggle to maximize its opportunities within NAND due to considerable competition in the space.",
    "output": "[Cause] considerable competition in the NAND space [Relation] prevent [Effect] Western Digital will struggle to maximize its opportunities within NAND",
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    "input": "Overall, we think these dynamics create barriers to entry for new competitors in local markets because it is hard to compile an attractively priced provider network without a significant membership share of that caregivers' patient population.",
    "output": "[Cause] it is hard to compile an attractively priced provider network [Relation] cause [Effect] create barriers to entry for new competitors in local markets",
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    "input": "We believe Dunkin' can extend its brand reach beyond core markets, supported by solid franchise unit economics, national advertising efforts, and more technological-leveraged and drive-thru-focused restaurant formats.",
    "output": "[Cause] solid franchise unit economics, national advertising efforts, and more technological-leveraged and drive-thru-focused restaurant formats [Relation] enable [Effect] Dunkin' can extend its brand reach beyond core markets",
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  {
    "input": "The participating companies relinquish the rights to their data to Core in exchange for the knowledge gleaned from the project.",
    "output": "[Cause] The participating companies relinquish the rights to their data to Core [Relation] enable [Effect] in exchange for the knowledge gleaned from the project",
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  {
    "input": "Following significant core sales declines across all three segments in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, we forecast an average annual organic revenue growth rate for the firm of approximately 6.5% through 2025.",
    "output": "[Cause] significant core sales declines across all three segments in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic [Relation] cause [Effect] forecast an average annual organic revenue growth rate for the firm of approximately 6.5% through 2025",
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    "input": "Following significant core sales declines across all three segments in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, we forecast an average annual organic revenue growth rate for the firm of approximately 6.5% through 2025.",
    "output": "[Cause] significant core sales declines across all three segments in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic [Relation] cause [Effect] forecast an average annual organic revenue growth rate for the firm of approximately 6.5% through 2025",
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    "input": "If drugs or methods that are more effective for weight management than traditional nutrition and exercise are created, we think the company would lose significant business.",
    "output": "[Cause] drugs or methods that are more effective for weight management than traditional nutrition and exercise are created [Relation] cause [Effect] the company would lose significant business",
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  {
    "input": "The facility is particularly important because of the growing demand for exports of refined products and NGLs, and access to five docks is an important competitive advantage given geographic constraints.",
    "output": "[Cause] growing demand for exports of refined products and NGLs [Relation] enable [Effect] access to five docks is an important competitive advantage",
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    "input": "In addition, without Weixin/Weixin ID and QQ ID, users may need to spend more time registering on a new Internet service or a new mobile app, as many sites and apps allow fast login through Weixin ID and QQ ID.",
    "output": "[Cause] without Weixin/Weixin ID and QQ ID [Relation] cause [Effect] users may need to spend more time registering on a new Internet service or a new mobile app",
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    "input": "Overall revenue is anticipated to grow in fiscal 2020, driven by net single-digit growth in generic drugs and continued rapid adoption of Austedo and Ajovy.",
    "output": "[Cause] net single-digit growth in generic drugs and continued rapid adoption of Austedo and Ajovy [Relation] cause [Effect] Overall revenue is anticipated to grow in fiscal 2020",
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    "input": "For instance, in February, Pinterest banned all searches related to antivaccination pins in order to avoid appearing to promote the lifestyle choice.",
    "output": "[Cause] avoid appearing to promote the lifestyle choice [Relation] cause [Effect] Pinterest banned all searches related to antivaccination pins",
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  {
    "input": "This could include using an augmented reality app to check off a grocery list at Whole Foods or a cruise line integrating a passenger badge/sensor system for a more effortless cruise experience.",
    "output": "[Cause] using an augmented reality app to check off a grocery list at Whole Foods or a cruise line integrating a passenger badge/sensor system [Relation] enable [Effect] a more effortless cruise experience",
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    "input": "Additionally, with a fourth mobile network already established in the market, we think the French government is very unlikely to facilitate the entrance of a new player or approve any market consolidation by Orange's smaller competitors.",
    "output": "[Cause] a fourth mobile network already established in the market [Relation] prevent [Effect] the French government is very unlikely to facilitate the entrance of a new player or approve any market consolidation by Orange's smaller competitors",
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    "input": "Additionally, given Sinopec's size, it needs projects of a certain size and quality in order to increase reserves and production cost-effectively, but that will be difficult, in our view.",
    "output": "[Cause] Sinopec's size and need for projects of a certain size and quality in order to increase reserves and production cost-effectively [Relation] cause [Effect] it will be difficult to find such projects",
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    "input": "We also expect strong growth for QNX as content gains with AVs of all levels offset market share losses to Android Automotive.",
    "output": "[Cause] content gains with AVs of all levels [Relation] enable [Effect] strong growth for QNX",
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  {
    "input": "And we think competitive pressures will ultimately resurface in its retail categories, making it imperative that Kimberly keeps pressing ahead to ensure its innovation wins with its customer groups.",
    "output": "[Cause] competitive pressures will ultimately resurface in its retail categories [Relation] cause [Effect] Kimberly keeps pressing ahead to ensure its innovation wins with its customer groups",
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    "input": "And we think competitive pressures will ultimately resurface in its retail categories, making it imperative that Kimberly keeps pressing ahead to ensure its innovation wins with its customer groups.",
    "output": "[Cause] competitive pressures will ultimately resurface in its retail categories [Relation] cause [Effect] imperative that Kimberly keeps pressing ahead to ensure its innovation wins with its customer groups",
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    "input": "The boots category is especially important for the Timberland brand, as we estimate that 80% of its sales come from footwear.",
    "output": "[Cause] The boots category is especially important for the Timberland brand [Relation] cause [Effect] 80% of its sales come from footwear",
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  {
    "input": "Scale should come with cost leverage as growth investments bear fruit, with the unit clearing management's 15% segment adjusted EBITDA margin target in fiscal 2021 (we assume growth to nearly 20% by fiscal 2030).",
    "output": "[Cause] growth investments bear fruit [Relation] enable [Effect] the unit clearing management's 15% segment adjusted EBITDA margin target in fiscal 2021 (we assume growth to nearly 20% by fiscal 2030)",
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    "input": "Emerson, furthermore, has continued its product innovation by eliminating complex installations with an all-welded spool design that doesn't require an orifice plate. This design supports up to four individual flow transmitters, and further tolerates extreme temperature conditions, whereas previous iterations would have broken down the instrumentation.",
    "output": "[Cause] product innovation by eliminating complex installations with an all-welded spool design that doesn't require an orifice plate [Relation] enable [Effect] design supports up to four individual flow transmitters and further tolerates extreme temperature conditions",
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    "input": "Robust advertising initiatives are especially important as its target customer is constantly aging, necessitating continuous engagement with new shoppers and households that limits sheer brand-building expenditures' ability to create durable customer loyalty.",
    "output": "[Cause] target customer constantly aging, necessitating continuous engagement with new shoppers and households [Relation] prevent [Effect] limits sheer brand-building expenditures' ability to create durable customer loyalty",
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  {
    "input": "Robust advertising initiatives are especially important as its target customer is constantly aging, necessitating continuous engagement with new shoppers and households that limits sheer brand-building expenditures' ability to create durable customer loyalty.",
    "output": "[Cause] Robust advertising initiatives [Relation] enable [Effect] necessitating continuous engagement with new shoppers and households that limits sheer brand-building expenditures' ability to create durable customer loyalty",
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    "input": "Even though the number of firms with an NRSRO designation has increased (to about 10) since the introduction of the Credit Rating Agency Reform Act of 2006, we believe the network effects have been strong enough to only result in limited traction of other rating agencies.",
    "output": "[Cause] the number of firms with an NRSRO designation has increased (to about 10) since the introduction of the Credit Rating Agency Reform Act of 2006 [Relation] prevent [Effect] limited traction of other rating agencies",
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    "input": "We therefore expect additional divestitures in the coming years, which should help reduce debt, allow for future acquisitions, and reallocate resources to Conagra's brands with high potential, such as its portfolio of healthy frozen foods, unprocessed snacks, alternative protein products, and organic, gluten-free, and vegan offerings.",
    "output": "[Cause] additional divestitures in the coming years [Relation] enable [Effect] ",
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    "input": "As the impact of the pandemic subsides, we expect the firm to generate mid-single-digit top-line growth annually over the course of our projection period.",
    "output": "[Cause] the impact of the pandemic subsiding [Relation] enable [Effect] firm to generate mid-single-digit top-line growth annually",
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    "input": "While we think Lennar's scale and industry reputation has helped build strong relationships with subcontractors and land developers, we don't think the company is able to negotiate meaningful long-term price concessions, especially given the tightness of the current construction labor market and land supply.",
    "output": "[Cause] Lennar's scale and industry reputation has helped build strong relationships with subcontractors and land developers [Relation] enable [Effect] the company is not able to negotiate meaningful long-term price concessions, especially given the tightness of the current construction labor market and land supply",
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    "input": "Whether its big-box retailers or small-format outlets like convenience stores, the thin margins and technological disruption that have defined this industry will continue to drive an appetite for increased scale and resources. This reality could cause the axes of negotiation (regarding price increases, shelf sets, and the like) to tilt more toward National Beverage's retail partners.",
    "output": "[Cause] thin margins and technological disruption that have defined this industry [Relation] cause [Effect] drive an appetite for increased scale and resources",
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  {
    "input": "Contrary to other publications, digital journal products are often priced at a premium to their print counterparts, as searchability is an especially valued, critical upgrade from a physical copy.",
    "output": "[Cause] searchability is an especially valued, critical upgrade from a physical copy [Relation] enable [Effect] digital journal products are often priced at a premium to their print counterparts",
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  {
    "input": "The contractor bears the financial risk of cost overruns for these programs, so a poorly executed development would financially strain L3Harris.",
    "output": "[Cause] poorly executed development [Relation] cause [Effect] financially strain L3Harris",
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    "input": "As such, we model organic revenue growth of 4.5% for the remainder of our explicit forecast period, rising from 4.3% in 2021 to 4.7% by 2024. This is predicated on continuing strong growth in areas such as risk and business analytics, in addition to improved growth in the STEM division as the mix effect improves the growth profile from the 2% level we have witnessed for almost a decade now.",
    "output": "[Cause] continuing strong growth in areas such as risk and business analytics, in addition to improved growth in the STEM division as the mix effect improves the growth profile [Relation] cause [Effect] organic revenue growth of 4.3% in 2021 rising to 4.7% by 2024",
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  {
    "input": "The firm's unique ability to control costs gives it the highest operating margins of its peer group and allows it to quickly bring its numerous acquisitions up to firmwide profitability.",
    "output": "[Cause] the firm's unique ability to control costs [Relation] enable [Effect] highest operating margins of its peer group, allows it to quickly bring its numerous acquisitions up to firmwide profitability",
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  {
    "input": "We believe Nice benefits from switching costs on this front as increasingly efficient processes improve an agent's ability to resolve issues for customers in a timely manner, which makes customers more likely to stay with the company.",
    "output": "[Cause] increasingly efficient processes improve an agent's ability to resolve issues for customers in a timely manner [Relation] cause [Effect] Nice benefits from switching costs on this front",
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  {
    "input": "We believe Nice benefits from switching costs on this front as increasingly efficient processes improve an agent's ability to resolve issues for customers in a timely manner, which makes customers more likely to stay with the company.",
    "output": "[Cause] increasingly efficient processes improve an agent's ability to resolve issues for customers in a timely manner [Relation] cause [Effect] Nice benefits from switching costs as customers are more likely to stay with the company",
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  {
    "input": "Low natural gas prices and intensifying EPA regulations have put a material portion of the domestic utility coal franchise at risk of disappearing over the long run.",
    "output": "[Cause] Low natural gas prices and intensifying EPA regulations [Relation] cause [Effect] put a material portion of the domestic utility coal franchise at risk of disappearing over the long run",
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  {
    "input": "While a cursory analysis of West's design service may lead one to conclude customers could feasibly in-source design and cut out the middleman, West often provides services that smaller customers are unable to do themselves, for cost reasons and/or lack of expertise.",
    "output": "[Cause] West often provides services that smaller customers are unable to do themselves, for cost reasons and/or lack of expertise. [Relation] prevent [Effect] customers could feasibly in-source design and cut out the middleman",
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    "input": "While a cursory analysis of West's design service may lead one to conclude customers could feasibly in-source design and cut out the middleman, West often provides services that smaller customers are unable to do themselves, for cost reasons and/or lack of expertise.",
    "output": "[Cause] West often provides services that smaller customers are unable to do themselves, for cost reasons and/or lack of expertise [Relation] enable [Effect] customers could feasibly in-source design and cut out the middleman",
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    "input": "NXP, in turn, benefits from the reliable sales from this sticky customer base, which further enable ongoing research investment in future areas of significant content growth and add to the firm's intangible assets.",
    "output": "[Cause] reliable sales from sticky customer base [Relation] enable [Effect] ongoing research investment in future areas of significant content growth and adding to the firm's intangible assets",
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  {
    "input": "This gives the bank scale and exposure to this higher-margin, fee-based business, which we don't think will change in the near term as the banks still have the most dominant branch and distribution networks.",
    "output": "[Cause] the bank scale and exposure to this higher-margin, fee-based business [Relation] enable [Effect] the banks still have the most dominant branch and distribution networks",
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  {
    "input": "Keurig has the broadest assortment of flavor, style, and product offerings (it even includes tea and cocoa), due to its partner ecosystem, and this is often cited by consumers as their primary reason for purchasing Keurig brewers or other systems that are K-cup compatible. This gives rise to a kind of network advantage that makes it more difficult for fledgling systems to gain penetration.",
    "output": "[Cause] Keurig's partner ecosystem and broad assortment of flavor, style, and product offerings, including tea and cocoa [Relation] enable [Effect] Often cited by consumers as their primary reason for purchasing Keurig brewers or other systems that are K-cup compatible",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4446241855621338,
    "pred": 1
  },
  {
    "input": "The addition of Cobalt, Pursuit, and Maverick within the last five years has provided robust sales growth for the firm (averaging 26%), thanks to a strategy based on fit and the ability to raise shareholder value.",
    "output": "[Cause] The addition of Cobalt, Pursuit, and Maverick within the last five years [Relation] enable [Effect] provided robust sales growth for the firm (averaging 26%)",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3944916725158691,
    "pred": 0
  },
  {
    "input": "Nordson generates a healthy stream of recurring revenue tied to its large installed base, as nearly half of its sales (47% in fiscal 2018) are generated from aftermarket parts and consumables.",
    "output": "[Cause] Nordson's large installed base [Relation] enable [Effect] Nordson generates a healthy stream of recurring revenue tied to its large installed base",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3302037715911865,
    "pred": 0
  },
  {
    "input": "EDU expects year-over-year margin improvement in fourth-quarter fiscal 2021 amid scattered COVID-19 incidents in China, given that EDU expect smaller players may exit the market post-OVID-19, which gives EDU more opportunities to increase its market share.",
    "output": "[Cause] scattered COVID-19 incidents in China; smaller players may exit the market post-COVID-19 [Relation] cause [Effect] year-over-year margin improvement in fourth-quarter fiscal 2021; gives EDU more opportunities to increase its market share",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3595009446144104,
    "pred": 0
  },
  {
    "input": "EDU expects year-over-year margin improvement in fourth-quarter fiscal 2021 amid scattered COVID-19 incidents in China, given that EDU expect smaller players may exit the market post-OVID-19, which gives EDU more opportunities to increase its market share.",
    "output": "[Cause] scattered COVID-19 incidents in China, smaller players may exit the market post-COVID-19 [Relation] enable [Effect] EDU expects year-over-year margin improvement in fourth-quarter fiscal 2021, EDU has more opportunities to increase its market share",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.2810118198394775,
    "pred": 0
  },
  {
    "input": "Worsening credit behavior and anemic growth, a natural consequence of worsening sentiment, could see the bank earn returns below its cost of capital in the near term, as they did in the third quarter of 2020.",
    "output": "[Cause] Worsening credit behavior and anemic growth, a natural consequence of worsening sentiment [Relation] cause [Effect] the bank earn returns below its cost of capital in the near term, as they did in the third quarter of 2020",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3399858474731445,
    "pred": 0
  },
  {
    "input": "DuPont is also exposed to the electrification of vehicles as the company generates over 50% more revenue per vehicle for an electric vehicle versus an internal combustion engine vehicle.",
    "output": "[Cause] the electrification of vehicles [Relation] cause [Effect] the company generates over 50% more revenue per vehicle for an electric vehicle versus an internal combustion engine vehicle",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3928128480911255,
    "pred": 0
  },
  {
    "input": "Owing to the pressures affecting the asset management industry, the unknown length of this mergers and acquisitions cycle, currency fluctuations, and potential change in over-a-cycle managing director productivity, we assign a high uncertainty rating to our fair value estimate for Lazard.",
    "output": "[Cause] pressures affecting the asset management industry, the unknown length of this mergers and acquisitions cycle, currency fluctuations, and potential change in over-a-cycle managing director productivity [Relation] cause [Effect] assign a high uncertainty rating to our fair value estimate for Lazard",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3762789964675903,
    "pred": 0
  },
  {
    "input": "We think Telus' fiber to the premises, or FTTP, network upgrade over most of its footprint will lead to higher pricing and market share gains.",
    "output": "[Cause] Telus' fiber to the premises, or FTTP, network upgrade over most of its footprint [Relation] cause [Effect] higher pricing and market share gains",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.5,
    "pred": 1
  },
  {
    "input": "We think that Accenture derives excess returns from reputation as an intangible asset, as unlike traditional advertising projects, digital work means more uncertainty for customers, so they might again turn to best-in-breed providers like Accenture.",
    "output": "[Cause] digital work means more uncertainty for customers [Relation] enable [Effect] customers might turn to best-in-breed providers like Accenture",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4541794061660767,
    "pred": 1
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  {
    "input": "Furthermore, a lack of financial flexibility limited the company's ability to respond to consumers' changing desires, resulting in declining sales as low-carb diets and clean eating movements swept the nation.",
    "output": "[Cause] a lack of financial flexibility limited the company's ability to respond to consumers' changing desires [Relation] cause [Effect] declining sales as low-carb diets and clean eating movements swept the nation",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.2202361226081848,
    "pred": 0
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  {
    "input": "Furthermore, a lack of financial flexibility limited the company's ability to respond to consumers' changing desires, resulting in declining sales as low-carb diets and clean eating movements swept the nation.",
    "output": "[Cause] lack of financial flexibility limited the company's ability to respond to consumers' changing desires [Relation] cause [Effect] declining sales as low-carb diets and clean eating movements swept the nation",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4338070750236511,
    "pred": 1
  },
  {
    "input": "Xylem's risk is somewhat mitigated by its large installed base, as almost half of the company's revenue is recurring, driven by aftermarket service and part replacement in the water infrastructure and applied water segments as well as long-term customer contracts in the measurement and control solutions segment.",
    "output": "[Cause] large installed base, aftermarket service and part replacement in the water infrastructure and applied water segments, long-term customer contracts in the measurement and control solutions segment [Relation] mitigate [Effect] Xylem's risk is somewhat mitigated",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.0930366516113281,
    "pred": 0
  },
  {
    "input": "Xylem's risk is somewhat mitigated by its large installed base, as almost half of the company's revenue is recurring, driven by aftermarket service and part replacement in the water infrastructure and applied water segments as well as long-term customer contracts in the measurement and control solutions segment.",
    "output": "[Cause] large installed base, aftermarket service and part replacement in the water infrastructure and applied water segments, long-term customer contracts in the measurement and control solutions segment [Relation] enable [Effect] Xylem's risk is somewhat mitigated",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.1673815250396729,
    "pred": 0
  },
  {
    "input": "Xylem's risk is somewhat mitigated by its large installed base, as almost half of the company's revenue is recurring, driven by aftermarket service and part replacement in the water infrastructure and applied water segments as well as long-term customer contracts in the measurement and control solutions segment.",
    "output": "[Cause] large installed base [Relation] mitigate [Effect] Xylem's risk is somewhat mitigated",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.2351918816566467,
    "pred": 0
  },
  {
    "input": "Therefore, it could be argued that PNC has developed some amount of cost advantage due to its underwriting prowess, but we believe the bank's lack of advantage for deposits and operational efficiency outweigh this.",
    "output": "[Cause] PNC has developed some amount of cost advantage due to its underwriting prowess [Relation] cause [Effect] lack of advantage for deposits and operational efficiency outweigh this",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3037501573562622,
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  {
    "input": "Over time, gross margins could reach 38% as volume increases and negotiating leverage improve occupancy costs, while ongoing industry competitiveness constrains pricing power.",
    "output": "[Cause] volume increases and negotiating leverage improve occupancy costs, ongoing industry competitiveness [Relation] cause [Effect] gross margins could reach 38%",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.0754331946372986,
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  {
    "input": "Over time, gross margins could reach 38% as volume increases and negotiating leverage improve occupancy costs, while ongoing industry competitiveness constrains pricing power.",
    "output": "[Cause] volume increases and negotiating leverage improve occupancy costs, while ongoing industry competitiveness constrains pricing power [Relation] enable [Effect] gross margins could reach 38% over time",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3738643527030945,
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  {
    "input": "Additionally, the addition of professional sports to the region stands to drive incremental demand, which makes the allure of Wynn's various Vegas projects currently under development (convention center and future construction on 38 acres across from Wynn Las Vegas that was purchased in December 2017) that much more attractive.",
    "output": "[Cause] the addition of professional sports to the region [Relation] enable [Effect] drive incremental demand",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 0.9802864491939545,
    "pred": 0
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  {
    "input": "Competitive risks relate to the large numbers of players planning to enter the liquid biopsy space, with the number of peers likely to grow over time as liquid biopsy cancer screening becomes the norm.",
    "output": "[Cause] large numbers of players planning to enter the liquid biopsy space [Relation] cause [Effect] number of peers likely to grow over time as liquid biopsy cancer screening becomes the norm",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.383979320526123,
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  {
    "input": "We're raising our fair value estimate for Monster to $73 from $67, largely due to time value after rolling our model to 2021, as well as near-term sales momentum as the top line continues to belie any disruption from COVID-19.",
    "output": "[Cause] time value after rolling our model to 2021 | near-term sales momentum as the top line continues to belie any disruption from COVID-19 [Relation] cause [Effect] raising our fair value estimate for Monster to $73 from $67",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.407265067100525,
    "pred": 0
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  {
    "input": "We're raising our fair value estimate for Monster to $73 from $67, largely due to time value after rolling our model to 2021, as well as near-term sales momentum as the top line continues to belie any disruption from COVID-19.",
    "output": "[Cause] time value after rolling our model to 2021, as well as near-term sales momentum [Relation] cause [Effect] raising our fair value estimate for Monster to $73 from $67",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.034067988395691,
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  },
  {
    "input": "Though scale and regulatory expertise create barriers to entry, new or existing competitors could take share as the banking industry digitizes and becomes more and more a technology focused industry.",
    "output": "[Cause] the banking industry digitizes and becomes more and more a technology focused industry [Relation] cause [Effect] new or existing competitors could take share",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.4554377794265747,
    "pred": 1
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  {
    "input": "Compared with competitors like Zillow, Redfin has a potential advantage in iBuying because it has its own sellers' agents and buyers' agents given its status as a brokerage.",
    "output": "[Cause] Redfin has its own sellers' agents and buyers' agents given its status as a brokerage [Relation] enable [Effect] Redfin has a potential advantage in iBuying compared with competitors like Zillow",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.334160029888153,
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  {
    "input": "Compared with competitors like Zillow, Redfin has a potential advantage in iBuying because it has its own sellers' agents and buyers' agents given its status as a brokerage.",
    "output": "[Cause] Redfin has its own sellers' agents and buyers' agents given its status as a brokerage [Relation] enable [Effect] Redfin has a potential advantage in iBuying compared with competitors like Zillow",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.0505273938179016,
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  },
  {
    "input": "The company has exposure to emission regulation, but we think the company is investing to position itself to win in a zero-emission world.",
    "output": "[Cause] the company is investing to position itself to win in a zero-emission world [Relation] cause [Effect] the company has exposure to emission regulation",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3647077083587646,
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  },
  {
    "input": "Cisco's DevNet does have over 500,000 registered members now; this may cause minimal network effects as solutions are being created and shared by external developers, but we have not seen widespread product adoption due to network effects at this point.",
    "output": "[Cause] solutions being created and shared by external developers [Relation] enable [Effect] minimal network effects",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.261026382446289,
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  {
    "input": "This segment's growth is closely tied to the legalization of cannabis in the U.S., as its products are frequently used by licensed growers.",
    "output": "[Cause] the legalization of cannabis in the U.S. [Relation] enable [Effect] This segment's growth",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.4473073482513428,
    "pred": 1
  },
  {
    "input": "Rapid part availability, location convenience, and in-store services (in the DIY segment) carry significant weight with purchasers, but as such benefits are costly to deliver, scaled retailers are at an advantage as they can spread service costs (as well as inventory holding expenses) over a large sales base.",
    "output": "[Cause] Rapid part availability, location convenience, and in-store services (in the DIY segment) carry significant weight with purchasers [Relation] enable [Effect] scaled retailers are at an advantage as they can spread service costs (as well as inventory holding expenses) over a large sales base",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.236161231994629,
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  },
  {
    "input": "Rapid part availability, location convenience, and in-store services (in the DIY segment) carry significant weight with purchasers, but as such benefits are costly to deliver, scaled retailers are at an advantage as they can spread service costs (as well as inventory holding expenses) over a large sales base.",
    "output": "[Cause] Rapid part availability, location convenience, and in-store services carry significant weight with purchasers [Relation] enable [Effect] scaled retailers are at an advantage",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.2700769901275635,
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  },
  {
    "input": "There have been times when poor governance did lead to material value destruction, but we see the risks of a repeat of something like the financial crisis as minimal today.",
    "output": "[Cause] poor governance [Relation] cause [Effect] material value destruction",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.500000238418579,
    "pred": 1
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  {
    "input": "In this scenario, we assume Natwest's banking net interest margin declines in the short term as pricing pressures in mortgages persist and interest rates remain close to zero.",
    "output": "[Cause] pricing pressures in mortgages persist and interest rates remain close to zero [Relation] cause [Effect] Natwest's banking net interest margin declines in the short term",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.5,
    "pred": 1
  },
  {
    "input": "Furthermore, customers loathe changing identity cybersecurity vendors due to criticality of ensuring internal and external users can readily access only what they need.",
    "output": "[Cause] criticality of ensuring internal and external users can readily access only what they need [Relation] prevent [Effect] customers loathe changing identity cybersecurity vendors",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.474212408065796,
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  {
    "input": "NetApp aims to alleviate challenges associated with shifting data to public clouds via its hyperscale cloud provider and colocation data center partnerships.",
    "output": "[Cause] challenges associated with shifting data to public clouds [Relation] enable [Effect] NetApp aims to alleviate challenges",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.2005299925804138,
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  {
    "input": "Third, we don't believe the firm is large enough to have amassed negotiating leverage with suppliers and vendors, whether purchasing goods (raw materials, packaging) or services (distribution, advertising).",
    "output": "[Cause] the firm is not large enough to have amassed negotiating leverage with suppliers and vendors [Relation] cause [Effect] Third, we don't believe the firm is large enough to have amassed negotiating leverage with suppliers and vendors, whether purchasing goods or services",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.2959868907928467,
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  {
    "input": "Additionally, we also expect industrial markets to recover, which we think will boost freight demand for fleet owners, leading to higher revenue for CNH Industrial.",
    "output": "[Cause] industrial markets to recover [Relation] cause [Effect] boost freight demand for fleet owners, leading to higher revenue for CNH Industrial",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.4615027904510498,
    "pred": 1
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  {
    "input": "Even so, we think Sysco's solid balance sheet, significant new business wins, channel diversity, customers' widespread adoption of carryout, and the eventual containment of the coronavirus (most likely after a 2021 vaccine), will return Sysco's revenue to the prepandemic level by fiscal 2023.",
    "output": "[Cause] Sysco's solid balance sheet, significant new business wins, channel diversity, customers' widespread adoption of carryout, and the eventual containment of the coronavirus (most likely after a 2021 vaccine) [Relation] cause [Effect] return Sysco's revenue to the prepandemic level by fiscal 2023",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.5000001192092896,
    "pred": 1
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  {
    "input": "Our outlook for Tegsedi/TTR-LRx in ATTR amyloidosis is relatively bearish, given the cleaner safety profile for Alnylam's drug Onpattro (patisiran) and next-generation competition also in development at Alnylam.",
    "output": "[Cause] cleaner safety profile for Alnylam's drug Onpattro (patisiran) and next-generation competition also in development at Alnylam [Relation] cause [Effect] relatively bearish outlook for Tegsedi/TTR-LRx in ATTR amyloidosis",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.493917465209961,
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  {
    "input": "Small private jets drove much of the volume in 2020, which we think is a function of pandemic-induced demand while consumers avoided airlines, and we do not think demand for small aircraft has structurally increased.",
    "output": "[Cause] pandemic-induced demand while consumers avoided airlines [Relation] cause [Effect] Small private jets drove much of the volume in 2020",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.423728108406067,
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  {
    "input": "We also consider the fee structure to be poor, since we expect a majority of Targa's contracts are percentage of proceeds, or POP, exposing Targa to commodity price risk.",
    "output": "[Cause] majority of Targa's contracts are percentage of proceeds, or POP, exposing Targa to commodity price risk [Relation] cause [Effect] consider the fee structure to be poor",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4265384078025818,
    "pred": 0
  },
  {
    "input": "We also consider the fee structure to be poor, since we expect a majority of Targa's contracts are percentage of proceeds, or POP, exposing Targa to commodity price risk.",
    "output": "[Cause] a majority of Targa's contracts are percentage of proceeds, or POP [Relation] cause [Effect] exposing Targa to commodity price risk",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3177316188812256,
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  },
  {
    "input": "About half of these savings are expected to ensue from the firm's loss-making international operations, partly as it works to improve capital utilization outside the U.S., which has stood at a mere 40%--far below the 65% of its U.S.",
    "output": "[Cause] loss-making international operations [Relation] cause [Effect] About half of these savings are expected to ensue",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.2543922662734985,
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  },
  {
    "input": "We model advertising costs as a percentage of revenue to average 46.2% annually over the next 10 years versus the 43.1% and 48.6% levels reported in 2019 and over the past three years, respectively.  As a result of our revenue and expense forecasts, we see operating margins expanding to 23% in 10 years from 12.0% in 2019.",
    "output": "[Cause] advertising costs as a percentage of revenue average 46.2% annually over the next 10 years [Relation] cause [Effect] operating margins expanding to 23% from 12.0% in 2019",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3413941264152527,
    "pred": 0
  },
  {
    "input": "The truck is a symbol of the freedom and independence of the job, which leads drivers to take significant pride in their rigs.",
    "output": "[Cause] The truck is a symbol of the freedom and independence of the job [Relation] cause [Effect] drivers take significant pride in their rigs",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4955205917358398,
    "pred": 1
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  {
    "input": "For the core teleheatlh services, we believe the company is likely to retain its first-mover advantage and scale by penetrating members of existing customers (incremental 75 million) in addition to adding members of new clients under new logos (roughly 190 million).",
    "output": "[Cause] retaining first-mover advantage and scale [Relation] enable [Effect] penetrating members of existing customers (incremental 75 million) and adding members of new clients under new logos (roughly 190 million)",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4357281923294067,
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  {
    "input": "Though we do not expect specific ESG risks to materially affect Alcon, product governance failures leading to poor health outcomes could have a significant impact on Alcon's financial results.",
    "output": "[Cause] product governance failures leading to poor health outcomes [Relation] cause [Effect] significant impact on Alcon's financial results",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3521842956542969,
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  {
    "input": "We believe the benefit Posco enjoys from its investments in upstream assets relative to pure-play steel mills will be eroded in the longer term, owing to our expectations of lower midcycle iron ore and coking coal prices as China's demand growth for steel matures.",
    "output": "[Cause] expectations of lower midcycle iron ore and coking coal prices as China's demand growth for steel matures [Relation] cause [Effect] eroded benefit Posco enjoys from its investments in upstream assets relative to pure-play steel mills",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3811188340187073,
    "pred": 0
  },
  {
    "input": "Economic profitability may be at risk if oil, steel, and copper prices return to highs experienced during periods of relatively high global economic expansion.",
    "output": "[Cause] oil, steel, and copper prices return to highs experienced during periods of relatively high global economic expansion [Relation] cause [Effect] Economic profitability may be at risk",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.4999998211860657,
    "pred": 1
  },
  {
    "input": "Horton's home sales gross profit margin will trend down over the next few years as price appreciation moderates with little relief in labor and land costs.",
    "output": "[Cause] price appreciation moderates with little relief in labor and land costs [Relation] cause [Effect] Horton's home sales gross profit margin will trend down over the next few years",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.4999998807907104,
    "pred": 1
  },
  {
    "input": "Based on the average volatility of cash flows from a diverse product portfolio in relatively less discretionary therapeutic markets, we rate Medtronic's uncertainty as medium.",
    "output": "[Cause] average volatility of cash flows from a diverse product portfolio in relatively less discretionary therapeutic markets [Relation] cause [Effect] rate Medtronic's uncertainty as medium",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4574973583221436,
    "pred": 1
  },
  {
    "input": "We estimate reported revenue growth in 2021 at around negative 3.5%, as a result of a large decline in Myanmar revenue due to the military coup and network restrictions implemented in the country.",
    "output": "[Cause] the military coup and network restrictions implemented in Myanmar [Relation] cause [Effect] a large decline in Myanmar revenue",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.401732325553894,
    "pred": 0
  },
  {
    "input": "Predatory or discriminatory lending practices are examples of poor product governance, and this can affect certain banks at times.",
    "output": "[Cause] poor product governance (specifically predatory or discriminatory lending practices) [Relation] cause [Effect] affect certain banks at times",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4453712701797485,
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  },
  {
    "input": "In addition to brand recognition and distribution, companies in this industry also benefit from scarcity value, which manifests as a result of the consumer perception surrounding the aging of this type of alcohol, and the pricing power that this begets.",
    "output": "[Cause] consumer perception surrounding the aging of this type of alcohol and the pricing power [Relation] enable [Effect] companies in this industry benefit from scarcity value",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "We project that TV ad revenue will continue to decline on a secular basis due to the ongoing shift to digital ads, but the network will benefit from the 2020 and 2024 presidential elections along with the 2022 midterm elections, leading to flat advertising revenue over fiscal 2020-25.",
    "output": "[Cause] ongoing shift to digital ads [Relation] cause [Effect] TV ad revenue will continue to decline on a secular basis",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.1543753147125244,
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  {
    "input": "We expect truck brokerage growth to ease in 2022 as the TL capacity cruch eases and pricing normalizes, but we are nonetheless lifting our revenue run rate forecast given solid market share gains this year.",
    "output": "[Cause] TL capacity crunch eases and pricing normalizes [Relation] cause [Effect] truck brokerage growth to ease in 2022",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4205986261367798,
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  {
    "input": "We expect truck brokerage growth to ease in 2022 as the TL capacity cruch eases and pricing normalizes, but we are nonetheless lifting our revenue run rate forecast given solid market share gains this year.",
    "output": "[Cause] TL capacity crunch eases and pricing normalizes [Relation] cause [Effect] truck brokerage growth to ease in 2022",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.0134118795394897,
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  {
    "input": "With top-line growth expected to be mixed during our forecast period, as the company deals with the effects of industry-driven fee compression, the net result is a 4.2% compound annual growth rate for revenue during 2021-25 (up from 1.3% previously).",
    "output": "[Cause] the effects of industry-driven fee compression [Relation] cause [Effect] mixed top-line growth",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3997496962547302,
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  {
    "input": "With top-line growth expected to be mixed during our forecast period, as the company deals with the effects of industry-driven fee compression, the net result is a 4.2% compound annual growth rate for revenue during 2021-25 (up from 1.3% previously).",
    "output": "[Cause] the effects of industry-driven fee compression [Relation] cause [Effect] top-line growth expected to be mixed",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.2879481315612793,
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  {
    "input": "Additionally, the barriers to entry are very low in most markets, and economic profits will attract more developers to build competing properties.",
    "output": "[Cause] economic profits will attract more developers to build competing properties [Relation] cause [Effect] barriers to entry are very low in most markets",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4403777122497559,
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  {
    "input": "Caesars' casino property portfolio has grown to around 50 properties from just 4 in 2014, as the company has excelled at identifying and integrating acquisitions that generate both strategic and economic value for shareholders.",
    "output": "[Cause] the company has excelled at identifying and integrating acquisitions that generate both strategic and economic value for shareholders [Relation] enable [Effect] Caesars' casino property portfolio has grown to around 50 properties from just 4 in 2014",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.0787343978881836,
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  {
    "input": "Similar to several other large incumbents, Hub's network of over-the-road carriers is highly valuable to shippers throughout the cycle, partly because the truckload market capacity base comprises very small carriers and also due to structural constraints on driver availability.",
    "output": "[Cause] the truckload market capacity base comprises very small carriers and also due to structural constraints on driver availability [Relation] enable [Effect] Hub's network of over-the-road carriers is highly valuable to shippers throughout the cycle",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
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    "cosine": 1.4769139885902405,
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  {
    "input": "We expect JPMorgan to achieve a sub-55% efficiency ratio by the end of our forecast as the company benefits from a higher rate environment, additional fee revenue falling to the bottom line, as well as continued expense management efforts.",
    "output": "[Cause] higher rate environment, additional fee revenue falling to the bottom line, continued expense management efforts [Relation] enable [Effect] JPMorgan to achieve a sub-55% efficiency ratio by the end of our forecast",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4431265592575073,
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  {
    "input": "With its dominant share at home, leading brands, and sufficient resources, we believe Hershey is a critical partner for retailers that are reluctant to risk out-of-stocks with unproven suppliers, supporting the intangible asset source of its wide moat. As such, we expect the firm's returns on invested capital to remain above its cost of capital, even under a more bearish outlook, over the next 20 years.",
    "output": "[Cause] Hershey's dominant share at home, leading brands, and sufficient resources [Relation] enable [Effect] Hershey is a critical partner for retailers that are reluctant to risk out-of-stocks with unproven suppliers",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.389458417892456,
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  {
    "input": "Today, farmers are more confident in the demand outlook, as trade tensions have eased, and weather has generally not been an issue.",
    "output": "[Cause] trade tensions have eased, and weather has generally not been an issue [Relation] cause [Effect] farmers are more confident in the demand outlook",
    "gold": 1,
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  {
    "input": "Finally, China's consumers typically have greater brand recognition than many of their peers in developed nations, and we believe this bodes well for Yum China, given that these consumers grew up during KFC's and Pizza Hut's expansion phases in the region.",
    "output": "[Cause] China's consumers typically have greater brand recognition than many of their peers in developed nations [Relation] enable [Effect] bodes well for Yum China",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "We attribute the irrational pricing of loans in Italy to the competitive environment, the ownership structure of Italian banks, and political influence.",
    "output": "[Cause] the competitive environment, the ownership structure of Italian banks, and political influence [Relation] cause [Effect] the irrational pricing of loans in Italy",
    "gold": 1,
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  {
    "input": "But the ongoing fluidity of coronavirus has made deployment efforts difficult, as most ships remain in layup and others that redeploy could be forced to book within an extremely short booking window, hindering pricing power.",
    "output": "[Cause] the ongoing fluidity of coronavirus [Relation] hinder [Effect] deployment efforts difficult, most ships remain in layup, others that redeploy could be forced to book within an extremely short booking window",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "input": "But the ongoing fluidity of coronavirus has made deployment efforts difficult, as most ships remain in layup and others that redeploy could be forced to book within an extremely short booking window, hindering pricing power.",
    "output": "[Cause] ongoing fluidity of coronavirus, most ships remain in layup [Relation] cause [Effect] deployment efforts difficult, hindering pricing power",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Online sales have skyrocketed, validating Target's digital strategy (using stores as omnichannel fulfillment hubs) but complicating execution and adding cost pressure that could linger after cost leverage abates once sales normalize.",
    "output": "[Cause] Online sales have skyrocketed [Relation] cause [Effect] complicating execution and adding cost pressure",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "input": "Online sales have skyrocketed, validating Target's digital strategy (using stores as omnichannel fulfillment hubs) but complicating execution and adding cost pressure that could linger after cost leverage abates once sales normalize.",
    "output": "[Cause] Online sales have skyrocketed [Relation] cause [Effect] validating Target's digital strategy (using stores as omnichannel fulfillment hubs)",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Online sales have skyrocketed, validating Target's digital strategy (using stores as omnichannel fulfillment hubs) but complicating execution and adding cost pressure that could linger after cost leverage abates once sales normalize.",
    "output": "[Cause] Online sales have skyrocketed, validating Target's digital strategy (using stores as omnichannel fulfillment hubs) [Relation] cause [Effect] complicating execution and adding cost pressure",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Online sales have skyrocketed, validating Target's digital strategy (using stores as omnichannel fulfillment hubs) but complicating execution and adding cost pressure that could linger after cost leverage abates once sales normalize.",
    "output": "[Cause] Online sales have skyrocketed, validating Target's digital strategy (using stores as omnichannel fulfillment hubs) [Relation] validate [Effect] complicating execution and adding cost pressure",
    "gold": 0,
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    "input": "Also, although Knight's cost execution is quite strong, limited driver availability is placing upward pressure on driver wages and recruiting costs.",
    "output": "[Cause] limited driver availability [Relation] cause [Effect] placing upward pressure on driver wages and recruiting costs",
    "gold": 1,
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  {
    "input": "We expect core usage to decline 1.5% annually, with recovery in volumes in 2021 after a decline in volumes in 2020 due mostly to pandemic headwinds.",
    "output": "[Cause] decline in volumes in 2020 due mostly to pandemic headwinds [Relation] cause [Effect] recovery in volumes in 2021",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "From a profit perspective, we view the firm's aims to extract $850 million in costs as prudent, but think increased spending on sanitation and safety at its manufacturing facilities will act as a near-term offset.",
    "output": "[Cause] increased spending on sanitation and safety at its manufacturing facilities [Relation] offset [Effect] act as a near-term offset to the firm's aims to extract $850 million in costs",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "That declined to less than $0.40 per gigabyte in 2018 amid considerable investments from NAND players and we currently estimate it will continue to decrease to between $0.10-$0.15 by 2022.",
    "output": "[Cause] considerable investments from NAND players [Relation] cause [Effect] declined to less than $0.40 per gigabyte in 2018",
    "gold": 1,
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    "cosine": 1.5000003576278687,
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  {
    "input": "Though the cost advantage of HDDs over SSDs is progressively narrowing, the need for cheap high-capacity storage in data centers will continue to support the demand for enterprise HDDs, which carry higher average selling prices and margins than PC HDDs.",
    "output": "[Cause] the need for cheap high-capacity storage in data centers [Relation] enable [Effect] support the demand for enterprise HDDs",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "As such, despite regular mergers and acquisitions, which add goodwill and assets to the firm's capital base, Idex has consistently generated returns on invested capital in the upper-mid-teens.",
    "output": "[Cause] regular mergers and acquisitions, which add goodwill and assets to the firm's capital base [Relation] enable [Effect] Idex has consistently generated returns on invested capital in the upper-mid-teens",
    "gold": 1,
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    "cosine": 1.500000238418579,
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  {
    "input": "As a reward for accessing Centene's Medicaid plans that can reduce costs and risks for the states, we think states will continue giving Centene the opportunity to generate adequate returns over capital costs for a relatively long period by determining appropriate rates per Medicaid enrollee.",
    "output": "[Cause] accessing Centene's Medicaid plans that can reduce costs and risks for the states [Relation] enable [Effect] states will continue giving Centene the opportunity to generate adequate returns over capital costs for a relatively long period",
    "gold": 0,
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    "input": "This creates potential greenhouse gas emissions, effluents, pipeline spills, and opposition and protests that in the long run could push consumers away from fossil fuels in greater numbers, resulting in long-term demand erosion.",
    "output": "[Cause] potential greenhouse gas emissions, effluents, pipeline spills, and opposition and protests [Relation] cause [Effect] push consumers away from fossil fuels in greater numbers, resulting in long-term demand erosion",
    "gold": 0,
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    "input": "We believe this strong deposit share, along with the relationships and reputation Huntington has formed, has resulted in an ability to earn higher returns, in large part due to higher fee-income levels, leading to cost advantages as well as switching costs.",
    "output": "[Cause] strong deposit share, relationships, and reputation Huntington has formed [Relation] enable [Effect] ability to earn higher returns, higher fee-income levels, cost advantages, switching costs",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "input": "We believe this strong deposit share, along with the relationships and reputation Huntington has formed, has resulted in an ability to earn higher returns, in large part due to higher fee-income levels, leading to cost advantages as well as switching costs.",
    "output": "[Cause] strong deposit share, relationships, and reputation Huntington has formed [Relation] enable [Effect] ability to earn higher returns, higher fee-income levels, cost advantages, switching costs",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "We expect higher interest rates to lead to modest deterioration in P&C underwriting results in the back half of our projection period.",
    "output": "[Cause] higher interest rates [Relation] cause [Effect] modest deterioration in P&C underwriting results in the back half of our projection period",
    "gold": 1,
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  {
    "input": "But this should not affect InterContinental's uncertainty rating unless travel demand returns to near zero for an extended period, leading to potential needs for incremental liquidity, which perhaps could occur at value-destructive levels.",
    "output": "[Cause] travel demand returns to near zero for an extended period [Relation] cause [Effect] potential needs for incremental liquidity, which perhaps could occur at value-destructive levels",
    "gold": 0,
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    "input": "NICE is also making a high degree of investments into its platform to offer extra modules and build out a best-in-class contact center offering.",
    "output": "[Cause] NICE is making a high degree of investments into its platform [Relation] cause [Effect] to offer extra modules and build out a best-in-class contact center offering",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Philip Morris International's Unsmoke campaign, if successful, will transform its product portfolio from cigarettes to a broader suite of next-generation nicotine products comprising combustibles, heated tobacco and vaping.",
    "output": "[Cause] Philip Morris International's Unsmoke campaign, if successful [Relation] cause [Effect] will transform its product portfolio from cigarettes to a broader suite of next-generation nicotine products comprising combustibles, heated tobacco and vaping",
    "gold": 1,
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    "cosine": 1.4403444528579712,
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  {
    "input": "We anticipate torrid growth for mass capacity exabyte shipments to more than offset pricing declines over our explicit forecast, resulting in 9% compound annual growth through 2025.",
    "output": "[Cause] torrid growth for mass capacity exabyte shipments [Relation] enable [Effect] more than offset pricing declines",
    "gold": 0,
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    "input": "Still, we don't think the stock is worth nearly as much independently as the deal price, so in our view there is significant downside if the merger doesn't go through but only limited upside if it does.",
    "output": "[Cause] the merger doesn't go through [Relation] prevent [Effect] significant downside",
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  {
    "input": "On the consulting side, revenue can be lumpy, and Marsh & McLennan's exposure is primarily to the health of the employment market and general macroeconomic conditions, as any headwinds in these areas could limit clients willingness to pay for the company's services.",
    "output": "[Cause] headwinds in the employment market and general macroeconomic conditions [Relation] cause [Effect] limit clients' willingness to pay for the company's services",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "On the consulting side, revenue can be lumpy, and Marsh & McLennan's exposure is primarily to the health of the employment market and general macroeconomic conditions, as any headwinds in these areas could limit clients willingness to pay for the company's services.",
    "output": "[Cause] headwinds in the employment market and general macroeconomic conditions [Relation] cause [Effect] limit clients willingness to pay for the company's services",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "For 2020, we expect 25% comp growth and around 170 basis points of adjusted operating margin improvement (to 10.8%) as the company has been able to better leverage costs on higher COVID-19-related sales.",
    "output": "[Cause] the company has been able to better leverage costs on higher COVID-19-related sales [Relation] enable [Effect] 25% comp growth and around 170 basis points of adjusted operating margin improvement (to 10.8%)",
    "gold": 1,
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  {
    "input": "Instead of sending data back to a centralized data center, which becomes cumbersome for high-bandwidth items and real-time data analysis requirements, HCI allows for rapid processing within a localized site, while still being part of the larger network.",
    "output": "[Cause] Instead of sending data back to a centralized data center [Relation] enable [Effect] HCI allows for rapid processing within a localized site",
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    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "The industry is consolidating because smaller players cannot compete with the scale and cost savings achieved through roll-up acquisitions pursued by the six publicly traded franchise dealerships.",
    "output": "[Cause] smaller players cannot compete with the scale and cost savings achieved through roll-up acquisitions pursued by the six publicly traded franchise dealerships [Relation] enable [Effect] The industry is consolidating",
    "gold": 1,
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  {
    "input": "We estimate Nordstrom's WACC at 9% and, therefore, expect it to generate economic profits for most of the next 10 years.",
    "output": "[Cause] WACC estimated at 9% [Relation] enable [Effect] expect Nordstrom to generate economic profits for most of the next 10 years",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "Although management may have mistimed the product refresh cycle a bit, Waters' recently launched LC-MS tool, BioAccord, will cater specifically to the needs of biologic-focused customers and should help the company regain its footing.",
    "output": "[Cause] management may have mistimed the product refresh cycle a bit [Relation] enable [Effect] Waters' recently launched LC-MS tool, BioAccord, will cater specifically to the needs of biologic-focused customers",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "Rio and Vale overinvested to a greater degree than BHP in the boom, more greatly diluting long-term returns.",
    "output": "[Cause] Rio and Vale overinvested to a greater degree than BHP in the boom [Relation] cause [Effect] more greatly diluting long-term returns",
    "gold": 1,
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  {
    "input": "Delta does not hedge fuel costs and would likely face substantial margin pressures in the event of an oil price spike.",
    "output": "[Cause] Delta does not hedge fuel costs [Relation] cause [Effect] likely face substantial margin pressures in the event of an oil price spike",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "Robinson enjoys a variable-cost business model, but its adjusted EBIT margin (calculated off net revenue) fell in 2020 on lower net revenue and Prime integration costs.",
    "output": "[Cause] lower net revenue and Prime integration costs [Relation] cause [Effect] Robinson's adjusted EBIT margin (calculated off net revenue) fell in 2020",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "As a result, AMD hasn't enjoyed the scale, research, and development advantages that Intel holds and proliferates in successive processor generations, which ultimately led to further share gains for the latter at the expense of the former.",
    "output": "[Cause] AMD hasn't enjoyed the scale, research, and development advantages that Intel holds and proliferates in successive processor generations [Relation] cause [Effect] further share gains for Intel at the expense of AMD",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Its portfolio of widely successful franchises allows the firm to monetize its intellectual property year after year by delivering content via sequels, expansion packs, downloadable content, or DLC, and toys, exemplified by the decade-old World of Warcraft franchise and the annual versions of Call of Duty.",
    "output": "[Cause] Its portfolio of widely successful franchises [Relation] cause [Effect] allows the firm to monetize its intellectual property year after year",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "As more buyers and sellers trade a proprietary product, it becomes increasingly liquid and therefore cheaper for investors to transact business on a single exchange. These are significantly high barriers to entry and mostly ensure that newcomers will not be able to steal trading volume by launching a competing future or derivative.",
    "output": "[Cause] more buyers and sellers trade a proprietary product [Relation] enable [Effect] it becomes increasingly liquid and therefore cheaper for investors to transact business on a single exchange",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "In addition, because the process relies on third parties for key inputs cement and to a lesser extent, aggregates, a healthy uptick in construction activity results in rising material costs.",
    "output": "[Cause] a healthy uptick in construction activity [Relation] cause [Effect] rising material costs",
    "gold": 1,
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  {
    "input": "We expect the crisis subsides by midyear, with a low-single-digit fiscal 2021 comparable sales dip as Target laps exceptional pandemic-era growth.",
    "output": "[Cause] Target laps exceptional pandemic-era growth [Relation] cause [Effect] a low-single-digit fiscal 2021 comparable sales dip",
    "gold": 1,
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  {
    "input": "Buying $3 billion-$5 billion of revenue every year brings risk of Lithia buying some lower-quality stores or overpaying for high-performing stores than in the past.",
    "output": "[Cause] Buying $3 billion-$5 billion of revenue every year [Relation] cause [Effect] brings risk of Lithia buying some lower-quality stores or overpaying for high-performing stores than in the past",
    "gold": 1,
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  {
    "input": "In the worst-case scenario of a failed implementation, companies could experience dropped calls, messages that do not go through, or total system failure, which would limit internal productivity and cause significant frustration for employees in customer-facing roles.",
    "output": "[Cause] failed implementation [Relation] cause [Effect] companies could experience dropped calls, messages that do not go through, or total system failure",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "The transition to 10-, 7-, and 5-nanometer processes at logic and foundry customers has significantly increased the number of multiple patterning-related process steps, which subsequently expanded Lam's served addressable market.",
    "output": "[Cause] The transition to 10-, 7-, and 5-nanometer processes at logic and foundry customers [Relation] cause [Effect] significantly increased the number of multiple patterning-related process steps",
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  {
    "input": "Avago's expertise in radio frequency filters for smartphones and legacy Broadcom's dominance in networking, broadband, and wireless connectivity created a broad and profitable semiconductor behemoth.",
    "output": "[Cause] Avago's expertise in radio frequency filters for smartphones and legacy Broadcom's dominance in networking, broadband, and wireless connectivity [Relation] enable [Effect] created a broad and profitable semiconductor behemoth",
    "gold": 1,
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    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.4438191652297974,
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  {
    "input": "A slowdown in investment given macroeconomic uncertainty could impede profitability, and long-term credit costs as a result of the COVID-19 crisis and subsequent lockdowns are nebulous at best, often highly dependent on variables outside the firm's control.",
    "output": "[Cause] A slowdown in investment given macroeconomic uncertainty [Relation] cause [Effect] impede profitability",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 0.9580550789833069,
    "pred": 0
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  {
    "input": "A slowdown in investment given macroeconomic uncertainty could impede profitability, and long-term credit costs as a result of the COVID-19 crisis and subsequent lockdowns are nebulous at best, often highly dependent on variables outside the firm's control.",
    "output": "[Cause] slowdown in investment given macroeconomic uncertainty [Relation] cause [Effect] impede profitability",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3728586435317993,
    "pred": 0
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  {
    "input": "Contracts purchased at ICE's exchanges cannot be closed at another exchange and vice versa, which keeps ICE's liquidity pools captive to its exchanges and creates additional barriers to entry for potential competitors.",
    "output": "[Cause] Contracts purchased at ICE's exchanges cannot be closed at another exchange and vice versa [Relation] cause [Effect] keeps ICE's liquidity pools captive to its exchanges and creates additional barriers to entry for potential competitors",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.5,
    "pred": 1
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  {
    "input": "Moreover, due to reduced distribution and the pandemic, we do not expect PVH to eclipse its 2019 total sales until 2024.",
    "output": "[Cause] reduced distribution and the pandemic [Relation] cause [Effect] PVH will not eclipse its 2019 total sales until 2024",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.342713475227356,
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  {
    "input": "Inflation is a major risk for Brazilian banks, especially in a macroeconomic environment of extended lockdowns, elevated unemployment and burgeoning debt/GDP.",
    "output": "[Cause] macroeconomic environment of extended lockdowns, elevated unemployment, and burgeoning debt/GDP [Relation] cause [Effect] Inflation is a major risk for Brazilian banks",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4903902411460876,
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  {
    "input": "By these measures, we believe Federated has about an average switching cost profile (at best) when compared with the industry and our peer coverage group, as it has to work harder to generate positive flows given the above (below) average redemption (retention) rate for its long-term funds.",
    "output": "[Cause] above (below) average redemption (retention) rate for its long-term funds [Relation] cause [Effect] Federated has about an average switching cost profile (at best) when compared with the industry and our peer coverage group",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.1841029524803162,
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  {
    "input": "As such, we believe the firm's portfolio mix shift toward more on-trend categories, like healthy snacks and organics following the acquisitions of Amplify and Pirate Brands, has been prudent, given these offerings align with consumer preferences for healthy and convenient fare.",
    "output": "[Cause] the firm's portfolio mix shift toward more on-trend categories, like healthy snacks and organics following the acquisitions of Amplify and Pirate Brands [Relation] cause [Effect] prudent decision",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3048484325408936,
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  {
    "input": "We share Juniper's view that its customer verticals are becoming further entwined as we believe software-based solutions are blurring the requirements for siloed solutions.",
    "output": "[Cause] software-based solutions are blurring the requirements for siloed solutions [Relation] cause [Effect] customer verticals are becoming further entwined",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
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    "cosine": 1.4999998807907104,
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  {
    "input": "We think a very high cost of equity and above average cost of debt are reasonable for this airline, given United's' highly cyclical business model and leveraged balance sheet.",
    "output": "[Cause] United's highly cyclical business model and leveraged balance sheet [Relation] attribute [Effect] a very high cost of equity and above average cost of debt are reasonable for this airline",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4743183255195618,
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  {
    "input": "This new pricing should thus support switching costs, as higher data ingestion leads to more use cases, making Splunk an increasingly integral part of business operations.",
    "output": "[Cause] higher data ingestion leads to more use cases [Relation] enable [Effect] Splunk becomes an increasingly integral part of business operations",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.2012742757797241,
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  {
    "input": "This new pricing should thus support switching costs, as higher data ingestion leads to more use cases, making Splunk an increasingly integral part of business operations.",
    "output": "[Cause] higher data ingestion [Relation] enable [Effect] more use cases",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.2264679670333862,
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  {
    "input": "Overall, we forecast a five-year revenue CAGR of 23%, considerably lower than the historical norm, reflecting both Dexcom's significantly larger revenue base and lineup of new products, which we expect will be partially offset by more intense competition from Abbott and Medtronic over the longer term.",
    "output": "[Cause] Dexcom's significantly larger revenue base and lineup of new products [Relation] cause [Effect] forecast a five-year revenue CAGR of 23%, considerably lower than the historical norm",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.331598699092865,
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  {
    "input": "Allstate and other auto insurers enjoyed abnormal levels of profitability in 2020, as the pandemic led to a stark decrease in miles driven.",
    "output": "[Cause] the pandemic led to a stark decrease in miles driven [Relation] cause [Effect] Allstate and other auto insurers enjoyed abnormal levels of profitability in 2020",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.5,
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  {
    "input": "Despite the improvement in both businesses, we expect company-wide EBITDA margin to remain relatively flat over the next five years, as the less profitable wireless business makes up a much greater portion of the total business.",
    "output": "[Cause] the less profitable wireless business makes up a much greater portion of the total business [Relation] cause [Effect] company-wide EBITDA margin to remain relatively flat over the next five years",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.468950867652893,
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  {
    "input": "While many of these have been margin dilutive upon acquisition--for example, FCI which had roughly 15% operating margins before acquisition--Amphenol has been able to put cost control measures in place to relatively quickly improve operating margins.",
    "output": "[Cause] cost control measures put in place by Amphenol [Relation] enable [Effect] relatively quickly improve operating margins",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4782493710517883,
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  {
    "input": "We expect Mosaic to produce around 8 million metric tons in 2020, amid lower potash prices, in line with the 7.8 million metric tons produced in 2019, and well below the 8.8 million metric tons sold in 2018 amid higher prices.",
    "output": "[Cause] lower potash prices [Relation] cause [Effect] Mosaic to produce around 8 million metric tons in 2020",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3179881572723389,
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  {
    "input": "Total's profits and cash flow are largely tied to oil and gas production and suffer markedly during periods of weak commodity prices.",
    "output": "[Cause] weak commodity prices [Relation] cause [Effect] Total's profits and cash flow suffer markedly",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4519806504249573,
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  {
    "input": "Additionally, we think Telecom Italia is more resilient than Vodafone and Wind Tre due to its position in the premium market segment.",
    "output": "[Cause] Telecom Italia's position in the premium market segment [Relation] cause [Effect] Telecom Italia is more resilient than Vodafone and Wind Tre",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.48980051279068,
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  {
    "input": "We have reduced our fair value estimate for Telefonica Brasil to $11 from $12 per ADR due to weakness in the Brazilian real, offset in part by expectations that the weak real will push telecom services pricing higher over the next five years.",
    "output": "[Cause] weakness in the Brazilian real [Relation] cause [Effect] reduced fair value estimate for Telefonica Brasil to $11 from $12 per ADR",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.483252465724945,
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  {
    "input": "With an expanding operating margin ahead thanks to further supply chain and merchandising amendments underway, we view Lowe's 13% operating margin forecast as achievable; additionally, we forecast a 38% ROIC in our terminal year.",
    "output": "[Cause] further supply chain and merchandising amendments underway [Relation] enable [Effect] expanding operating margin ahead",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.1085373163223267,
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  {
    "input": "Given that the buildings are generally around 12,000 square feet and development costs are frequently under $5 million, the barriers to entry are very low, so development can easily match new demand.",
    "output": "[Cause] the buildings are generally around 12,000 square feet and development costs are frequently under $5 million [Relation] cause [Effect] the barriers to entry are very low",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4775699377059937,
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  {
    "input": "RevPAR grew around 5% between 2011 and 2015 through a combination of occupancy and rate growth, but as occupancy leveled off in 2016 we have seen the pace of average rate growth slow for the U.S.",
    "output": "[Cause] occupancy leveled off in 2016 [Relation] cause [Effect] the pace of average rate growth slow for the U.S.",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.2143962383270264,
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  {
    "input": "RevPAR grew around 5% between 2011 and 2015 through a combination of occupancy and rate growth, but as occupancy leveled off in 2016 we have seen the pace of average rate growth slow for the U.S.",
    "output": "[Cause] occupancy leveled off in 2016 [Relation] cause [Effect] slow pace of average rate growth",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4514479637145996,
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  {
    "input": "However, we don't surmise that the current trajectory is poised to prove sustainable (as coronavirus concerns fade when a vaccine is brought to market, which we expect by mid-2021).",
    "output": "[Cause] coronavirus concerns fade when a vaccine is brought to market [Relation] prevent [Effect] the current trajectory is not poised to prove sustainable",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4420081973075867,
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  {
    "input": "Alibaba's desktop and mobile monetization rates (revenue as a percentage of GMV) have generally been on upward trends the past few quarters, which indicates that sellers are becoming increasingly dependent on Alibaba's marketplaces to reach Chinese consumers.",
    "output": "[Cause] sellers are becoming increasingly dependent on Alibaba's marketplaces to reach Chinese consumers [Relation] cause [Effect] Alibaba's desktop and mobile monetization rates have generally been on upward trends",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4511367082595825,
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  {
    "input": "A prolonged decline in copper prices could result in elevated unemployment, a depreciation of the peso as the balance of payments deteriorated, and more difficulty meeting foreign denominated debt obligations and expenses.",
    "output": "[Cause] A prolonged decline in copper prices [Relation] cause [Effect] ",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "While the competitive intensity of the new businesses is higher than the core refined product pipelines, we've been impressed by Magellan's capital discipline, as the projects have yielded high returns and supported continued distribution growth.",
    "output": "[Cause] Magellan's capital discipline, as the projects have yielded high returns [Relation] enable [Effect] supported continued distribution growth",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.31454735994339,
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  {
    "input": "Management sharply increased the scale of the HNH operations via the $567 million acquisition of SensoryEffects in May 2014, which increased HNH revenue more than fivefold.",
    "output": "[Cause] $567 million acquisition of SensoryEffects [Relation] cause [Effect] increased the scale of the HNH operations",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.397280991077423,
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  {
    "input": "Trip.com now focuses on domestic travel such as high-frequency travel like staycation, which will help its topline recover faster amid international border closures, but has lower margin.",
    "output": "[Cause] focus on domestic travel such as high-frequency travel like staycation [Relation] enable [Effect] help its topline recover faster amid international border closures,",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3393967151641846,
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  {
    "input": "As a result, we expect IBM technology services to see a compound annual decline rate of 1% from 2021 to 2025 as more sticky IBM software is applicable in other clouds. Consequently, we expect IBM to benefit from growth in its cloud & cognitive software as its customers transition to hybrid infrastructures, even if it's not to the IBM cloud, as our outlook suggests.",
    "output": "[Cause] more sticky IBM software is applicable in other clouds [Relation] cause [Effect] compound annual decline rate of 1% for IBM technology services from 2021 to 2025",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.380124032497406,
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  {
    "input": "While BMO's focus on the ETF business gives it lower overall spreads, the scale advantage should endure and lead to excess returns on capital for a business that is not capitally intense.",
    "output": "[Cause] BMO's focus on the ETF business [Relation] cause [Effect] gives it lower overall spreads",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 0.9879732131958008,
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  {
    "input": "In recent years, customers have been consolidating their maintenance, repair, and operations, or MRO, spending with large distributors to leverage their purchasing power and increase operational efficiency.",
    "output": "[Cause] customers consolidating their maintenance, repair, and operations (MRO) spending with large distributors [Relation] enable [Effect] leverage their purchasing power and increase operational efficiency",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4367105960845947,
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  {
    "input": "Constellation's more productive per-dollar promotional spending, in addition to its superior mix of products, helps support the beer segment's operating margins (roughly 40%), which are best-of-breed among our brewing coverage.",
    "output": "[Cause] Constellation's more productive per-dollar promotional spending, in addition to its superior mix of products [Relation] enable [Effect] supports the beer segment's operating margins (roughly 40%)",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "With the global auto industry becoming increasingly competitive, we see margin expansion challenges ahead for Honda.",
    "output": "[Cause] the global auto industry becoming increasingly competitive [Relation] cause [Effect] margin expansion challenges ahead for Honda",
    "gold": 1,
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  {
    "input": "Net interest income we have growing at an 6.5% annual rate due to the build in the Marcus platform and eventual recovery in interest rates.",
    "output": "[Cause] build in the Marcus platform and eventual recovery in interest rates [Relation] cause [Effect] Net interest income growing at a 6.5% annual rate",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Though consumers have benefited from voluntary pension withdrawals, extended periods of elevated unemployment will likely result in increased delinquencies, as well as declines in consumer sentiment.",
    "output": "[Cause] extended periods of elevated unemployment [Relation] cause [Effect] increased delinquencies, declines in consumer sentiment",
    "gold": 0,
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    "cosine": 1.493790626525879,
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  {
    "input": "We forecast flat operating earnings for the power and industrial projects segment during the next five years as it adds cogeneration and renewable gas projects to offset the roll-off of earnings from reduced emissions fuel projects.",
    "output": "[Cause] adding cogeneration and renewable gas projects [Relation] offset [Effect] offset the roll-off of earnings from reduced emissions fuel projects",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "Toronto-Dominion does have a relatively lower exposure to the uninsured domestic real estate market in Canada, putting it in a less risky position in a downturn.",
    "output": "[Cause] relatively lower exposure to the uninsured domestic real estate market in Canada [Relation] cause [Effect] Toronto-Dominion is in a less risky position in a downturn",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4651254415512085,
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  {
    "input": "We project the firm can improve operating margin by another 200 basis points in 2022 once Wright Medical is fully integrated.",
    "output": "[Cause] Wright Medical is fully integrated [Relation] enable [Effect] the firm can improve operating margin by another 200 basis points in 2022",
    "gold": 1,
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  {
    "input": "We are increasing our fair value estimate for Coty to $5.50 from $4.54 after incorporating first-quarter earnings that showed encouraging signs that the business is stabilizing under the leadership of new CEO Sue Nabi.",
    "output": "[Cause] first-quarter earnings that showed encouraging signs that the business is stabilizing under the leadership of new CEO Sue Nabi [Relation] cause [Effect] increasing our fair value estimate for Coty to $5.50 from $4.54",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "There's ample historical precedent, such as Venezuela, where rampant inflation combined with an unstable government and currency controls led to irreparable degradation in the company's operations.",
    "output": "[Cause] rampant inflation combined with an unstable government and currency controls [Relation] cause [Effect] irreparable degradation in the company's operations",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
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    "cosine": 1.5000001192092896,
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  {
    "input": "While this strategy is likely to create some challenges, like the potential legal violations that arose in early 2013 in China, we believe the fast-growing emerging markets will help support long-term growth and diversify cash flows beyond developed markets.",
    "output": "[Cause] the strategy of expanding in fast-growing emerging markets [Relation] cause [Effect] potential legal violations in China",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.1618335247039795,
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  {
    "input": "Should this pace continue, additional competition may outweigh the benefits of additional customer eyeballs for the existing retailers, damaging the network effect.",
    "output": "[Cause] additional competition [Relation] outweigh [Effect] damaging the network effect",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.143736481666565,
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  {
    "input": "Should this pace continue, additional competition may outweigh the benefits of additional customer eyeballs for the existing retailers, damaging the network effect.",
    "output": "[Cause] additional competition [Relation] cause [Effect] may outweigh the benefits of additional customer eyeballs for the existing retailers, damaging the network effect",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4396729469299316,
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  {
    "input": "Activewear was weak even before the virus, as it suffered a 3% sales decline in 2019 on poor consumer demand and distributor de-stocking in imprintables.",
    "output": "[Cause] poor consumer demand and distributor de-stocking in imprintables [Relation] cause [Effect] Activewear suffered a 3% sales decline in 2019",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3551615476608276,
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  {
    "input": "We like this strategy; CarMax's scale allows it to price below smaller dealerships, and lowering prices should increase comparable-store sales while keeping competitors away, though some large dealers are copying CarMax's shopping experience.",
    "output": "[Cause] CarMax's scale allows it to price below smaller dealerships [Relation] enable [Effect] lowering prices should increase comparable-store sales while keeping competitors away",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4496545791625977,
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  {
    "input": "Although the company faces an intense competitive landscape, it should succeed in the coming years as the handset industry focuses on 5G devices, which we expect to require higher radio frequency dollar content per phone.",
    "output": "[Cause] the handset industry focuses on 5G devices [Relation] enable [Effect] higher radio frequency dollar content per phone",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.458835482597351,
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  {
    "input": "Ultimately, internal controls had broken down, synergies between business lines were questionable, and the situation spiraled out of control as the bank had large exposures to virtually every area of toxic risk during the crisis, including collateralized debt obligations and mortgage-backed securities consisting of subprime assets.",
    "output": "[Cause] internal controls had broken down, synergies between business lines were questionable [Relation] cause [Effect] the situation spiraled out of control",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.0488638281822205,
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  {
    "input": "Paycom doesn't have a clear leadership position, given the fragmented market, so it must consistently invest in its platform to capture and retain customers.",
    "output": "[Cause] Paycom doesn't have a clear leadership position, given the fragmented market [Relation] cause [Effect] must consistently invest in its platform to capture and retain customers",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4385191202163696,
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  {
    "input": "Paycom doesn't have a clear leadership position, given the fragmented market, so it must consistently invest in its platform to capture and retain customers.",
    "output": "[Cause] fragmented market [Relation] cause [Effect] Paycom doesn't have a clear leadership position",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3700101971626282,
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  {
    "input": "Regulation changes stipulating that all protein providers need to maintain minimum levels of quality (as measured by consistency and bioactivity) could result in customers being more trusting of lower priced protein providers.",
    "output": "[Cause] Regulation changes stipulating that all protein providers need to maintain minimum levels of quality (as measured by consistency and bioactivity) [Relation] cause [Effect] customers being more trusting of lower priced protein providers",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.499999761581421,
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  {
    "input": "Finally, due to the short-design cycles, a company's premier solutions may not find the market they are targeting, as has been the case with Synaptics' in-display fingerprint sensor.",
    "output": "[Cause] short-design cycles [Relation] cause [Effect] Synaptics' in-display fingerprint sensor may not find the market they are targeting",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.0526847839355469,
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  {
    "input": "Revenue from higher-speed offerings has been growing, and as those packages make up a bigger portion of the base, we think consumer broadband revenue can modestly increase.",
    "output": "[Cause] Revenue from higher-speed offerings has been growing [Relation] cause [Effect] consumer broadband revenue can modestly increase",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.120471715927124,
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  {
    "input": "Although the company faces an intense competitive landscape, it should succeed in the coming years as the handset industry focuses on 5G devices, which usually require higher radio frequency, or RF, dollar content per phone.",
    "output": "[Cause] the handset industry focuses on 5G devices, which usually require higher radio frequency, or RF, dollar content per phone [Relation] enable [Effect] the company should succeed in the coming years",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.46574068069458,
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  {
    "input": "The firm's direct-to-consumer efforts, Disney+, Hotstar, Hulu, and ESPN+ are taking over as the drivers of long-term growth as the firm transitions to a streaming future.",
    "output": "[Cause] The firm's direct-to-consumer efforts, Disney+, Hotstar, Hulu, and ESPN+ [Relation] cause [Effect] taking over as the drivers of long-term growth",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3963840007781982,
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  {
    "input": "While commercial aircraft customers are highly cyclical, they are also reluctant to renege on orders because of down payments of 1%-2% of contract value on signature and another 20%-25% in the 24 months preceding delivery.",
    "output": "[Cause] down payments of 1%-2% of contract value on signature and another 20%-25% in the 24 months preceding delivery [Relation] cause [Effect] commercial aircraft customers are reluctant to renege on orders",
    "gold": 0,
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    "cosine": 1.4324285984039307,
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  {
    "input": "We anticipate a net addition of more than 40-50 million new Internet users across Latin America over the next five years, which will significantly broaden MercadoLibre's active base of 74 million unique active users.",
    "output": "[Cause] net addition of more than 40-50 million new Internet users across Latin America over the next five years [Relation] cause [Effect] significantly broaden MercadoLibre's active base of 74 million unique active users",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "Since Fortive was spun off from Danaher in 2016, Vontier's parent company prioritized growth in its professional instrumentation business, which left the industrial technology business (now Vontier) with less than 5% of Fortive's M&A capital.",
    "output": "[Cause] Vontier's parent company prioritized growth in its professional instrumentation business [Relation] cause [Effect] left the industrial technology business (now Vontier) with less than 5% of Fortive's M&A capital",
    "gold": 1,
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  {
    "input": "We also expect lower relative selling and distribution costs as scale grows and route structures are optimized (through planning and sequencing) and densified.",
    "output": "[Cause] scale grows and route structures are optimized (through planning and sequencing) and densified [Relation] enable [Effect] lower relative selling and distribution costs",
    "gold": 1,
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  {
    "input": "But we think the firm has the wherewithal to withstand the pandemic, which could result in the permanent closure of up to 15% of restaurants, an industry that accounts for 55% of US Foods' sales.",
    "output": "[Cause] the pandemic [Relation] result in [Effect] permanent closure of up to 15% of restaurants, an industry that accounts for 55% of US Foods' sales",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "input": "Two potential ESG issues that SBA's business lends itself to are the risk of natural disasters, which seem to have become worse with climate change, and the high level of business the firm does in more developing countries where the rule of law is not as strong.",
    "output": "[Cause] risk of natural disasters, which seem to have become worse with climate change [Relation] cause [Effect] potential ESG issues for SBA's business",
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    "input": "Lam, along with its peers, has benefited from an increase in service revenue in recent years, which we believe will mitigate the volatility of equipment orders.",
    "output": "[Cause] an increase in service revenue in recent years [Relation] enable [Effect] Lam, along with its peers, has benefited",
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    "input": "However, the potential for international growth is unproven, as neither Free People nor Anthropologie has any real presence outside North America.",
    "output": "[Cause] neither Free People nor Anthropologie has any real presence outside North America [Relation] cause [Effect] the potential for international growth is unproven",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "input": "Thanks to external (COVID-19-related demand, smartphone ubiquity, wealth creation, underdevelopment payment industry infrastructure) and company-specific factors (product mix diversification, on- and off-platform payment technologies and shipping solutions), we believe MercadoLibre can capitalize on accelerating digital commerce trends in Latin America, despite lingering macro constraints volatility.",
    "output": "[Cause] external factors (COVID-19-related demand, smartphone ubiquity, wealth creation, underdevelopment payment industry infrastructure) and company-specific factors (product mix diversification, on- and off-platform payment technologies and shipping solutions) [Relation] enable [Effect] MercadoLibre can capitalize on accelerating digital commerce trends in Latin America",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.436124563217163,
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    "input": "Thanks to external (COVID-19-related demand, smartphone ubiquity, wealth creation, underdevelopment payment industry infrastructure) and company-specific factors (product mix diversification, on- and off-platform payment technologies and shipping solutions), we believe MercadoLibre can capitalize on accelerating digital commerce trends in Latin America, despite lingering macro constraints volatility.",
    "output": "[Cause] external factors such as COVID-19-related demand, smartphone ubiquity, wealth creation, underdeveloped payment industry infrastructure, and company-specific factors such as product mix diversification, on- and off-platform payment technologies, and shipping solutions [Relation] enable [Effect] MercadoLibre can capitalize on accelerating digital commerce trends in Latin America",
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    "cosine": 1.128333568572998,
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  {
    "input": "Thanks to external (COVID-19-related demand, smartphone ubiquity, wealth creation, underdevelopment payment industry infrastructure) and company-specific factors (product mix diversification, on- and off-platform payment technologies and shipping solutions), we believe MercadoLibre can capitalize on accelerating digital commerce trends in Latin America, despite lingering macro constraints volatility.",
    "output": "[Cause] external factors (COVID-19-related demand, smartphone ubiquity, wealth creation, underdevelopment payment industry infrastructure) and company-specific factors (product mix diversification, on- and off-platform payment technologies and shipping solutions) [Relation] enable [Effect] MercadoLibre can capitalize on accelerating digital commerce trends in Latin America",
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  {
    "input": "While larger pharma customers may have the capital in-source design, they are unlikely to do so because it is often more cost-effective to outsource the work to West.",
    "output": "[Cause] it is often more cost-effective to outsource the work to West [Relation] prevent [Effect] larger pharma customers are unlikely to in-source design",
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  {
    "input": "If they switch to another local operator, they will need to discontinue the operation of the games temporarily while the servers are being replaced, which will affect players' experiences.",
    "output": "[Cause] they switch to another local operator [Relation] cause [Effect] need to discontinue the operation of the games temporarily while the servers are being replaced",
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    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Secular shifts in channel economics, in conjunction with the emphasis on pricing rationality in this space, make it increasingly difficult to discern end-consumer pricing dynamics and its impact on competitive positioning.",
    "output": "[Cause] Secular shifts in channel economics, emphasis on pricing rationality [Relation] cause [Effect] make it increasingly difficult to discern end-consumer pricing dynamics and its impact on competitive positioning",
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    "input": "TSMC and Samsung are expected to deploy GAA in future processes (3-nm and below), and we believe Intel has an opportunity to regain manufacturing leadership if it can better deploy GAA.",
    "output": "[Cause] TSMC and Samsung are expected to deploy GAA in future processes [Relation] enable [Effect] Intel has an opportunity to regain manufacturing leadership",
    "gold": 0,
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    "input": "We expect Macerich to continue improving its portfolio through redevelopment, opportunistic acquisitions, and asset sales, which should deliver strong earnings growth for Macerich over time.",
    "output": "[Cause] portfolio improvement through redevelopment, opportunistic acquisitions, and asset sales [Relation] enable [Effect] strong earnings growth for Macerich over time",
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    "input": "Institutional private equity players such as Blackstone and Bay Grove Capital have shown an increased appetite to invest in the market because of favorable growth prospects.",
    "output": "[Cause] favorable growth prospects [Relation] cause [Effect] Institutional private equity players such as Blackstone and Bay Grove Capital have shown an increased appetite to invest in the market",
    "gold": 1,
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  {
    "input": "With competition rising, we anticipate margins will be pressured long term, though improved pricing practices as well as supply chain, marketing, and distribution capabilities should help offset the strain, as should a growing private-label portfolio and procurement leverage.",
    "output": "[Cause] competition rising [Relation] cause [Effect] margins will be pressured long term",
    "gold": 1,
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    "cosine": 1.5000003576278687,
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  {
    "input": "With competition rising, we anticipate margins will be pressured long term, though improved pricing practices as well as supply chain, marketing, and distribution capabilities should help offset the strain, as should a growing private-label portfolio and procurement leverage.",
    "output": "[Cause] competition rising [Relation] cause [Effect] margins will be pressured long term",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "With competition rising, we anticipate margins will be pressured long term, though improved pricing practices as well as supply chain, marketing, and distribution capabilities should help offset the strain, as should a growing private-label portfolio and procurement leverage.",
    "output": "[Cause] competition rising [Relation] cause [Effect] margins will be pressured long term",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "Caterpillar has since changed its approach in recent years to develop products that address customer-specific performance needs in this customer segment.",
    "output": "[Cause] Caterpillar has changed its approach in recent years [Relation] enable [Effect] develop products that address customer-specific performance needs in this customer segment",
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    "input": "The partnership agreements that Synchrony signs in these segments are often not exclusive, which means that a retailer could be offering multiple financing options alongside Synchrony's credit cards. As a result, Synchrony competes with all forms of consumer financing in these segments, and its partners are mostly interested in Synchrony's ability to issue additional loans with large promotional discounts to facilitate their sales.",
    "output": "[Cause] The partnership agreements that Synchrony signs in these segments are often not exclusive [Relation] cause [Effect] Synchrony competes with all forms of consumer financing in these segments",
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    "input": "However, even if a tenant wanted to move, we think the costs associated with switching would make it uneconomical from a monetary point of view and would introduce material risk.",
    "output": "[Cause] costs associated with switching [Relation] prevent [Effect] make it uneconomical from a monetary point of view and introduce material risk",
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  {
    "input": "These efforts should help elevate sales and ultimately stem the pronounced declines of its local brands on an aggregate basis (erosion that management has attributed to underspending in both R&amp;D and marketing in the past). As such, management is targeting mid-single-digit long-term sales gains in its emerging-market regions (which account for more than one third of its sales), in excess of the low-single-digit growth it aims to chalk up in developed regions, both of which align with our forecast.",
    "output": "[Cause] underspending in both R&D and marketing in the past [Relation] cause [Effect] pronounced declines of its local brands on an aggregate basis",
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    "input": "To further its control over the NGL value chain, Enterprise has built out a number of petrochemical assets, including propylene pipelines, propane dehydrogenation (PDH), and isobutane dehydrogenation (iBDH) facilities, which allow the partnership to extract higher value olefins from feedstock.",
    "output": "[Cause] Enterprise has built out a number of petrochemical assets, including propylene pipelines, propane dehydrogenation (PDH), and isobutane dehydrogenation (iBDH) facilities [Relation] enable [Effect] allow the partnership to extract higher value olefins from feedstock",
    "gold": 1,
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    "input": "Additionally, this consolidation of purchasing power helps Cigna extract discounts from drug manufacturers on one end of the transaction and pharmacies on the other end of the transaction, which should create significant value for its clients such as insurance plans and employers.",
    "output": "[Cause] consolidation of purchasing power [Relation] enable [Effect] helps Cigna extract discounts from drug manufacturers and pharmacies",
    "gold": 0,
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    "input": "Additionally, this consolidation of purchasing power helps Cigna extract discounts from drug manufacturers on one end of the transaction and pharmacies on the other end of the transaction, which should create significant value for its clients such as insurance plans and employers.",
    "output": "[Cause] consolidation of purchasing power [Relation] enable [Effect] helps Cigna extract discounts from drug manufacturers and pharmacies",
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  {
    "input": "Management initially wanted to remove as much friction from the sales process as possible, so it eschewed the direct salesforce model, offered its products at generally lower prices than competitors, and allowed users to be up and running within a matter of hours rather than months.",
    "output": "[Cause] management initially wanted to remove as much friction from the sales process as possible [Relation] enable, enable, enable [Effect] eschewed the direct salesforce model, offered its products at generally lower prices than competitors, allowed users to be up and running within a matter of hours rather than months",
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    "input": "By working with advertisers, Facebook is also adding a similar click-and-buy feature to photo and video ads, especially on Instagram, where viewers can click on a product they like within the video and get more information about it or purchase it.",
    "output": "[Cause] working with advertisers [Relation] enable [Effect] Facebook is adding a similar click-and-buy feature to photo and video ads, especially on Instagram",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "Even so, they are subject to only modest operating leverage and therefore offer limited potential to augment the returns on invested capital earned by the steelmaking businesses as volume increases over our explicit forecast period.",
    "output": "[Cause] limited potential to augment the returns on invested capital earned by the steelmaking businesses as volume increases [Relation] limit [Effect] subject to only modest operating leverage",
    "gold": 0,
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    "input": "Even so, they are subject to only modest operating leverage and therefore offer limited potential to augment the returns on invested capital earned by the steelmaking businesses as volume increases over our explicit forecast period.",
    "output": "[Cause] subject to only modest operating leverage [Relation] cause [Effect] limited potential to augment the returns on invested capital earned by the steelmaking businesses as volume increases over our explicit forecast period",
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  {
    "input": "Standard qPCR also faces competitive risk from sequencing technologies, which could begin to infringe on PCR as the industry standard.",
    "output": "[Cause] sequencing technologies could begin to infringe on PCR as the industry standard [Relation] cause [Effect] Standard qPCR faces competitive risk",
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  {
    "input": "Our base scenario assumes that the bank's efficiency ratio eventually declines to 57% as management completes the latest cost-improvement initiatives.",
    "output": "[Cause] management completes the latest cost-improvement initiatives [Relation] cause [Effect] the bank's efficiency ratio eventually declines to 57%",
    "gold": 1,
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    "input": "We're also modeling 140 basis points of net operating margin (EBIT/net revenue) gains, to about 29.3% on leverage from net revenue growth, rising transaction automation, and incremental cost savings efforts despite an uptick in travel and entertainment outlays as the economy reopens.",
    "output": "[Cause] net revenue growth, rising transaction automation, and incremental cost savings efforts despite an uptick in travel and entertainment outlays as the economy reopens [Relation] enable [Effect] net operating margin (EBIT/net revenue) gains, to about 29.3%",
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    "input": "Additionally, we think MongoDB's database-as-a-service offering, Atlas, and data lake will bring significant new revenue streams to the company \u2013 as Atlas revenues eclipsed on-premises sales in early fiscal 2022.",
    "output": "[Cause] MongoDB's database-as-a-service offering, Atlas, and data lake [Relation] enable [Effect] bring significant new revenue streams to the company",
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  {
    "input": "This trend of Amphenol's products underpinning advancements in technology that keep its prices elevated can be seen across its many industry verticals.",
    "output": "[Cause] Amphenol's products underpinning advancements in technology [Relation] enable [Effect] keep its prices elevated",
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    "input": "Similarly, a negative outcome in the pending litigation with IQVIA could have an adverse impact on Veeva's data offering, as IQVIA is the leading provider of pharmaceutical data pricing.",
    "output": "[Cause] a negative outcome in the pending litigation with IQVIA [Relation] cause [Effect] could have an adverse impact on Veeva's data offering",
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  {
    "input": "A recovery more mild than we have anticipated would provide a near-term softness in Hardie's sales growth relative to expectations, and thus a challenge to valuation.",
    "output": "[Cause] A recovery more mild than we have anticipated [Relation] cause [Effect] near-term softness in Hardie's sales growth relative to expectations",
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  {
    "input": "While we think this service can be an attractive differentiator for US Foods, there is no evidence that it has resulted in a competitive advantage, as it has not resulted in organic market share gains, or even economic profits.",
    "output": "[Cause] there is no evidence that it has resulted in a competitive advantage [Relation] cause [Effect] it has not resulted in organic market share gains, or even economic profits",
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  {
    "input": "The central government's sustained crackdown on graft is also hurting gambling demand in Macao as VIPs maintain a low profile.",
    "output": "[Cause] The central government's sustained crackdown on graft [Relation] cause [Effect] hurting gambling demand in Macao",
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  {
    "input": "That said, we believe that as it relates to the more immediate retail dynamics of store positioning and slotting fees, Monster's products benefit from similar positioning as proprietary Coke brands.",
    "output": "[Cause] Monster's products benefit from similar positioning as proprietary Coke brands [Relation] cause [Effect] Monster's products benefit from similar retail dynamics of store positioning and slotting fees",
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  {
    "input": "The bank has historically seen a cost of funding 10-20 basis points lower than its closest rival, and success of digital banking initiatives could drive new account growth higher and the proportion of time deposits in the mix lower.",
    "output": "[Cause] success of digital banking initiatives [Relation] enable [Effect] drive new account growth higher and the proportion of time deposits in the mix lower",
    "gold": 1,
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    "input": "Furthermore, in order to stay on the cutting edge of industry developments and scale up the production of emergent metallurgical solutions, the company will have to navigate sizable reinvestment cycles.",
    "output": "[Cause] stay on the cutting edge of industry developments and scale up the production of emergent metallurgical solutions [Relation] cause [Effect] the company will have to navigate sizable reinvestment cycles",
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  {
    "input": "COVID-19 has disrupted the ERP implementation and business transformation efforts but we anticipate the lion's share of the domestic ERP implementation will be completed in 2021.",
    "output": "[Cause] COVID-19 has disrupted the ERP implementation and business transformation efforts [Relation] hinder [Effect] anticipate the lion's share of the domestic ERP implementation will be completed in 2021",
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  {
    "input": "We believe Ulta performed well in this marketplace because it has a strong selection of merchandise and services and women enjoy shopping in its stores.",
    "output": "[Cause] Ulta has a strong selection of merchandise and services [Relation] enable [Effect] Ulta performed well in this marketplace",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "We have raised our long-term tax rate estimate to 29% from 24% in anticipation of a corporate tax increase in the United States.",
    "output": "[Cause] anticipation of a corporate tax increase in the United States [Relation] cause [Effect] raised long-term tax rate estimate to 29% from 24%",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "A potential competitor would need to attract a critical mass of trading volume before it could offer its customers comparable execution to CME, a difficult prospect as its initial user base would need to be willing to accept higher trading costs during the startup process.",
    "output": "[Cause] its initial user base would need to be willing to accept higher trading costs during the startup process [Relation] enable [Effect] A potential competitor would need to attract a critical mass of trading volume",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "We expect it to eventually boost returns as it optimizes its stores and assortment and executes on new CEO Michael O'Sullivan's plans to favor more opportunistic merchandising (expected fiscal 2030 return of 17%).",
    "output": "[Cause] optimizes its stores and assortment and executes on new CEO Michael O'Sullivan's plans to favor more opportunistic merchandising [Relation] cause [Effect] boost returns",
    "gold": 1,
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  {
    "input": "Our assumptions include a challenging period in 2020-21 due to the COVID-19 crisis that is creating risks associated with policy pricing and the employment environment, which threatens commercial insurance rolls.",
    "output": "[Cause] the COVID-19 crisis [Relation] cause [Effect] creating risks associated with policy pricing and the employment environment, which threatens commercial insurance rolls",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "Further, with around 40% of sales generated outside the U.S., Kellogg is exposed to foreign exchange fluctuations from time to time, which may eat into sales and profits.",
    "output": "[Cause] Kellogg is exposed to foreign exchange fluctuations from time to time [Relation] cause [Effect] may eat into sales and profits",
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    "input": "Still, we forecast direct-to-consumer revenue to rise to 44% of total revenue by the end of this decade. This should allow Under Armour to have better control over its brand, but we do not see evidence that it allows for premium pricing and see it as a defensive move.",
    "output": "[Cause] direct-to-consumer revenue rising to 44% of total revenue by the end of this decade [Relation] enable [Effect] Under Armour having better control over its brand",
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  {
    "input": "We are decreasing our fair value estimate for Hannover Re to EUR 150.0 from EUR 156.00 per share based on slightly lower revenue numbers.",
    "output": "[Cause] slightly lower revenue numbers [Relation] cause [Effect] decreasing fair value estimate for Hannover Re to EUR 150.0 from EUR 156.0 per share",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "Even when throughput has lagged, Energy Transfer has such strong pricing power it raises reservation fees, keeping margins steady and growing through commodity cycles.",
    "output": "[Cause] Energy Transfer has such strong pricing power [Relation] enable [Effect] raises reservation fees, keeping margins steady and growing through commodity cycles",
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  {
    "input": "While we believe Samsung is another major customer (above the 10% threshold), we think Broadcom's remaining segments are relatively better diversified and should mitigate some of the sharp swings to which other smartphone component suppliers are susceptible.",
    "output": "[Cause] Samsung is another major customer (above the 10% threshold) [Relation] mitigate [Effect] Broadcom's remaining segments are relatively better diversified",
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  {
    "input": "Still, in May 2020, President Akio Toyoda said 3 million units and Japan employment will be maintained no matter how bad the economic situation is because people make things society needs.",
    "output": "[Cause] President Akio Toyoda's statement that 3 million units and Japan employment will be maintained [Relation] cause [Effect] people make things society needs",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3719369173049927,
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  {
    "input": "We are lifting our valuation of Advance to $207 per share from $198, after it announced strong first-quarter results (25% comparable growth, slightly more than management's 22%-24% estimate announced at the firm's investor day on April 20).",
    "output": "[Cause] announced strong first-quarter results (25% comparable growth, slightly more than management's 22%-24% estimate) [Relation] cause [Effect] lifting our valuation of Advance to $207 per share from $198",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4500094652175903,
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  {
    "input": "Given that GitHub is a repository for source code and an online collaboration community for software developers, it enjoys some level of network effect as the \"\"\"\"Facebook for programmers,\"\"\"\" and makes Visual Studio a stickier product.",
    "output": "[Cause] GitHub being a repository for source code and an online collaboration community for software developers [Relation] enable [Effect] enjoys some level of network effect as the \"Facebook for programmers\" and makes Visual Studio a stickier product",
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  {
    "input": "To widen its product spectrum and potentially cope with the trend of social e-commerce, Weibo launched an interest-based social product, Oasis, in the fourth quarter of 2019.",
    "output": "[Cause] To widen its product spectrum and potentially cope with the trend of social e-commerce [Relation] enable [Effect] Weibo launched an interest-based social product, Oasis, in the fourth quarter of 2019",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "However, we aren't blind to the fact that strict lockdowns enacted in these markets early in the pandemic could once again plague its operations if a subsequent wave of COVID-19 persists.",
    "output": "[Cause] strict lockdowns enacted in these markets early in the pandemic [Relation] cause [Effect] could once again plague its operations",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "Increasing environmental and government regulations, as well as political opposition, have made new pipeline projects increasingly difficult to sanction in recent years.",
    "output": "[Cause] Increasing environmental and government regulations, as well as political opposition [Relation] cause [Effect] new pipeline projects increasingly difficult to sanction in recent years",
    "gold": 1,
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    "cosine": 1.5000001192092896,
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  {
    "input": "For example, Bristol's Eliquis (cardiovascular), Revlimid (cancer), and Opdivo (cancer) generate well over 50% of the firm's total sales and the drugs have significant exposure to the Medicare channel, but the upcoming patent loss for Revlimid should lessen this dependence.",
    "output": "[Cause] upcoming patent loss for Revlimid [Relation] mitigate [Effect] lessen the dependence on Medicare channel for Bristol's Eliquis, Revlimid, and Opdivo",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "input": "Additionally, the company's automotive glass interlayers, which are among the best in the industry, should benefit from greater demand as increased electric vehicle sales will require energy-efficient windows to extend battery range.",
    "output": "[Cause] increased electric vehicle sales [Relation] cause [Effect] greater demand for the company's automotive glass interlayers",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "input": "Additionally, the company's automotive glass interlayers, which are among the best in the industry, should benefit from greater demand as increased electric vehicle sales will require energy-efficient windows to extend battery range.",
    "output": "[Cause] increased electric vehicle sales [Relation] enable [Effect] greater demand for the company's automotive glass interlayers",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "Mode was never fully integrated into Hub's core operations, in part because of its different salesforce model (agent-based), and we believe management was looking to free up cash for acquisitions.",
    "output": "[Cause] Mode's different salesforce model (agent-based) [Relation] cause [Effect] Mode was never fully integrated into Hub's core operations",
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  {
    "input": "Credit card portfolios from shuttered retailers also typically see elevated charge-off rates as the accounts run off, making bankruptcy a credit risk for ADS, as well.",
    "output": "[Cause] Credit card portfolios from shuttered retailers [Relation] cause [Effect] typically see elevated charge-off rates as the accounts run off",
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  {
    "input": "We expect the firm to achieve cost efficiencies through digitalization, lower marketing spending, and regulatory costs in Thailand (concession to license regime change), will lead to a steady EBITDA margin improvement and propel the margin above 43% by 2024.",
    "output": "[Cause] cost efficiencies through digitalization, lower marketing spending, and regulatory costs in Thailand (concession to license regime change) [Relation] enable [Effect] steady EBITDA margin improvement and propel the margin above 43% by 2024",
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    "input": "Third, Splunk is not yet profitable on a GAAP basis, as the firm maintains high level of investments in product development and sales and marketing.",
    "output": "[Cause] the firm maintains high levels of investments in product development and sales and marketing [Relation] cause [Effect] Splunk is not yet profitable on a GAAP basis",
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    "input": "In addition, we believe S&amp;P benefits from the network effect as it maintains a network of issuers and investors.",
    "output": "[Cause] S&P maintains a network of issuers and investors [Relation] enable [Effect] S&P benefits from the network effect",
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    "input": "For many years, Rogers has been one of three Canadian wireless service providers whose collective market dominance has made it very difficult for others to legitimately compete.",
    "output": "[Cause] collective market dominance of three Canadian wireless service providers (including Rogers) [Relation] cause [Effect] very difficult for others to legitimately compete",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "Within personal lines, we expect Travelers to maintain good underwriting results due to the pandemic and the resulting reduction in miles driven, but for the combined ratio to deteriorate over time as the line mean reverts to more normalized results.",
    "output": "[Cause] reduction in miles driven due to the pandemic [Relation] enable [Effect] expect Travelers to maintain good underwriting results",
    "gold": 0,
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    "input": "Within personal lines, we expect Travelers to maintain good underwriting results due to the pandemic and the resulting reduction in miles driven, but for the combined ratio to deteriorate over time as the line mean reverts to more normalized results.",
    "output": "[Cause] the pandemic and the resulting reduction in miles driven [Relation] enable [Effect] Travelers to maintain good underwriting results",
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  {
    "input": "Like other component companies, Amphenol's near-term growth is a function of increased content in the global automotive market, in our view.",
    "output": "[Cause] increased content in the global automotive market [Relation] cause [Effect] Amphenol's near-term growth",
    "gold": 1,
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    "cosine": 1.500000238418579,
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  {
    "input": "For 2021, we have marginally lifted our sales estimate (to $18.4 billion from $18.3 billion) but have significantly raised our operating margin forecast to 4.8% from 3.9%, leading to an adjusted EPS forecast that improves to $2.85 from our prior $2.29 estimate.",
    "output": "[Cause] marginally lifted our sales estimate [Relation] cause [Effect] the adjusted EPS forecast improves to $2.85 from our prior $2.29 estimate",
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    "input": "As Franklin has historically generated a majority of its sales in any given period from a handful of funds, it faces the risk that underperformance has a heavier impact on flows.",
    "output": "[Cause] Franklin has historically generated a majority of its sales in any given period from a handful of funds [Relation] cause [Effect] Franklin faces the risk that underperformance has a heavier impact on flows",
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  {
    "input": "While we recognize that these multiples are elevated from normal levels, we think multiple expansion is justified because we expect a substantial ramp up in production post-pandemic to serve the firm's backlog of roughly 7,200 aircraft.",
    "output": "[Cause] expect a substantial ramp up in production post-pandemic [Relation] cause [Effect] justify multiple expansion",
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    "input": "With 2021 set to be plagued by inconsistent pricing strategies as Norwegian and the other cruise operators try to entice cruisers to sail again, we don't see Norwegian reaching near 2019 pricing again until 2023.",
    "output": "[Cause] inconsistent pricing strategies as Norwegian and the other cruise operators try to entice cruisers to sail again [Relation] cause [Effect] Norwegian not reaching near 2019 pricing again until 2023",
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    "input": "With 2021 set to be plagued by inconsistent pricing strategies as Norwegian and the other cruise operators try to entice cruisers to sail again, we don't see Norwegian reaching near 2019 pricing again until 2023.",
    "output": "[Cause] inconsistent pricing strategies as Norwegian and the other cruise operators try to entice cruisers to sail again [Relation] cause [Effect] don't see Norwegian reaching near 2019 pricing again until 2023",
    "gold": 0,
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    "input": "Mode was never fully integrated into Hub's core operations because of its different salesforce model (agent-based), and we believe management was looking to free up cash for tuck-in acquisitions like CaseStack in late 2018.",
    "output": "[Cause] Mode's different salesforce model (agent-based) [Relation] prevent [Effect] Mode was never fully integrated into Hub's core operations",
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  {
    "input": "We believe the laboratory services segment will grow at a double-digit rate for the next several years, with volume increases driven by expansion in the clinical trial business.",
    "output": "[Cause] expansion in the clinical trial business [Relation] drive [Effect] laboratory services segment will grow at a double-digit rate for the next several years",
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    "input": "We believe the laboratory services segment will grow at a double-digit rate for the next several years, with volume increases driven by expansion in the clinical trial business.",
    "output": "[Cause] expansion in the clinical trial business [Relation] enable [Effect] laboratory services segment will grow at a double-digit rate for the next several years, with volume increases driven by expansion in the clinical trial business",
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    "input": "A material portion of Amex's billings (roughly 30%) are related to the travel and entertainment industry, further exposing the company to some of the most affected industries. These trends will eventually reverse as the economy recovers, but Amex will indeed be dependent on that recovery to return to pre-COVID-19 profitability levels.",
    "output": "[Cause] a material portion of Amex's billings (roughly 30%) are related to the travel and entertainment industry, exposing the company to some of the most affected industries [Relation] cause [Effect] Amex will be dependent on the recovery of the economy to return to pre-COVID-19 profitability levels",
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  {
    "input": "Also, Google would likely have trouble convincing online travel companies to use its platform to source air content versus Sabre, given the search giant poses a larger competitive threat than Sabre to these operators.",
    "output": "[Cause] the search giant poses a larger competitive threat than Sabre to these operators [Relation] cause [Effect] Google would likely have trouble convincing online travel companies to use its platform to source air content versus Sabre",
    "gold": 1,
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  {
    "input": "Plus, while Spotify may be able to reach distribution agreements directly with artists, doing so may put the firm at a further disadvantage when negotiating with record labels.",
    "output": "[Cause] reaching distribution agreements directly with artists [Relation] cause [Effect] put the firm at a further disadvantage when negotiating with record labels",
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  {
    "input": "The firm lost market share in its important firewall business, and we believe it is at a critical time to expand its customer presence as enterprises use more cloud-based applications.",
    "output": "[Cause] The firm lost market share in its important firewall business [Relation] cause [Effect] at a critical time to expand its customer presence as enterprises use more cloud-based applications",
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  {
    "input": "We forecast a high probability of increased emissions regulations but think costs are likely to be passed on to customers, limiting the economic impact.",
    "output": "[Cause] increased emissions regulations [Relation] cause [Effect] costs are likely to be passed on to customers",
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  {
    "input": "Albemarle's Chilean expansions and its Talison joint venture will ramp up production to help meet strong market demand growth.",
    "output": "[Cause] Albemarle's Chilean expansions and its Talison joint venture [Relation] enable [Effect] ramp up production",
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    "input": "Pub ownership and operation is a low returns business and requires large amounts of capital and perpetual capital expenditure, but it gives Heineken an insight into consumer tastes and preferences in the on-trade, and allows them to trial new products with a direct feedback loop from the consumer.",
    "output": "[Cause] Pub ownership and operation is a low returns business and requires large amounts of capital and perpetual capital expenditure [Relation] enable [Effect] gives Heineken an insight into consumer tastes and preferences in the on-trade, allows them to trial new products with a direct feedback loop from the consumer",
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    "input": "The bank is also more heavily concentrated in states that have historically had a more difficult time during and after recessions, including Ohio and Michigan. These loan categories, combined with the geographic exposure, could lead to elevated losses, particularly if states like Ohio and Michigan struggle economically.",
    "output": "[Cause] the bank is more heavily concentrated in states that have historically had a more difficult time during and after recessions, including Ohio and Michigan [Relation] cause [Effect] could lead to elevated losses, particularly if states like Ohio and Michigan struggle economically",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "Assuming continued macroeconomic recovery in Europe and the U.S., we expect 5% top-line growth in fiscal 2022 on persistent B2C demand growth, partly offset by tough comparisons.",
    "output": "[Cause] continued macroeconomic recovery in Europe and the U.S. [Relation] enable [Effect] 5% top-line growth in fiscal 2022",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "Assuming continued macroeconomic recovery in Europe and the U.S., we expect 5% top-line growth in fiscal 2022 on persistent B2C demand growth, partly offset by tough comparisons.",
    "output": "[Cause] continued macroeconomic recovery in Europe and the U.S. [Relation] enable [Effect] 5% top-line growth in fiscal 2022",
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  {
    "input": "Cost leverage should drive the quarter's operating margin higher by nearly 100 basis points (to 10%) versus the same period in fiscal 2019.",
    "output": "[Cause] Cost leverage [Relation] cause [Effect] drive the quarter's operating margin higher by nearly 100 basis points (to 10%)",
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    "input": "Intel's manufacturing struggles have also led to major customers such as Apple, Amazon, and Microsoft developing their own ARM-based CPUs for PCs and servers, which is likely to curb overall growth for Intel's core CPU business as these chips are likely made at TSMC.",
    "output": "[Cause] Intel's manufacturing struggles [Relation] cause [Effect] major customers such as Apple, Amazon, and Microsoft developing their own ARM-based CPUs for PCs and servers",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "We think that Pandora will likely see growth in paid subscribers and a slower decline in ad-supported listening hours due to COVID-19 but that lower ad rates will more than offset these benefits.",
    "output": "[Cause] COVID-19 [Relation] offset [Effect] growth in paid subscribers, slower decline in ad-supported listening hours",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "We assume average compound annual revenue growth of roughly 6% through 2025, fueled by nearly 7% growth in the consumer solutions segment, where we think Pentair can continue to capture incremental market share gains thanks to its continuous innovation.",
    "output": "[Cause] continuous innovation [Relation] enable [Effect] Pentair can continue to capture incremental market share gains",
    "gold": 0,
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    "input": "Parker should also benefit from large customers' preference of buying from a list of preferred component suppliers, underpinning what we see as strong switching costs, as well as a robust amount of intellectual property protecting this revenue stream.",
    "output": "[Cause] large customers' preference of buying from a list of preferred component suppliers, robust amount of intellectual property protecting this revenue stream [Relation] enable [Effect] Parker should benefit from strong switching costs",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "input": "Parker should also benefit from large customers' preference of buying from a list of preferred component suppliers, underpinning what we see as strong switching costs, as well as a robust amount of intellectual property protecting this revenue stream.",
    "output": "[Cause] large customers' preference of buying from a list of preferred component suppliers [Relation] enable [Effect] Parker should benefit from strong switching costs",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "However, the reduction in our estimate was not due to Ohio as our regulated distribution segment EPS estimate of $2.19 was less than the $2.20 guidance range midpoint for the segment.",
    "output": "[Cause] the reduction in our estimate was not due to Ohio as our regulated distribution segment EPS estimate of $2.19 was less than the $2.20 guidance range midpoint for the segment [Relation] None mentioned [Effect] None mentioned",
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  {
    "input": "Regeneron has little exposure to expensive therapies covered by Medicare Part D, and we therefore do not expect Part D redesign to have an impact on Regeneron's intrinsic value (we assume a 50% probability that such legislation passes).",
    "output": "[Cause] Regeneron has little exposure to expensive therapies covered by Medicare Part D [Relation] prevent [Effect] we do not expect Part D redesign to have an impact on Regeneron's intrinsic value",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "We believe analog engineering talent is difficult to come by, as greater emphasis is placed on digital chip improvements, and it often takes years to train up-and-coming analog engineers in the intricacies of chip designs.",
    "output": "[Cause] greater emphasis placed on digital chip improvements [Relation] cause [Effect] analog engineering talent is difficult to come by",
    "gold": 0,
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    "input": "Additionally, its market share has declined in many key product lines, especially starting in the mid-2000s with the growth of the U.S.",
    "output": "[Cause] growth of the U.S. market [Relation] cause [Effect] its market share has declined in many key product lines",
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  {
    "input": "Both of the firm's 2017 acquisitions (Marvell's multimedia solutions business and Conexant Systems) were margin-accretive, bolstering gross margins, but also opened the firm up to further high margin opportunities and markets in the future as the Internet of Things trend develops.",
    "output": "[Cause] Both of the firm's 2017 acquisitions (Marvell's multimedia solutions business and Conexant Systems) [Relation] cause [Effect] were margin-accretive, bolstering gross margins",
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  {
    "input": "Each piece of data is tracked and breadcrumbs are recorded, a centralized access control works with existing identity security providers or acts as the primary security solution for authorization that can restrict certain data to various departments, and an audit trail is recorded.",
    "output": "[Cause] Each piece of data is tracked and breadcrumbs are recorded, a centralized access control works with existing identity security providers or acts as the primary security solution for authorization that can restrict certain data to various departments [Relation] enable [Effect] an audit trail is recorded",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "Western and Seagate are constantly improving areal storage density and implementing new technologies like heat-assisted magnetic recording, or HAMR, to drive cost per HDD gigabyte down further at large capacity points.",
    "output": "[Cause] constantly improving areal storage density and implementing new technologies like heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) [Relation] enable [Effect] drive cost per HDD gigabyte down further at large capacity points",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "input": "The firm is also introducing much lower priced mobile only plans in markets like India and Malaysia that will drive subscriber growth at the expense of average revenue.",
    "output": "[Cause] introducing much lower priced mobile only plans in markets like India and Malaysia [Relation] enable [Effect] drive subscriber growth",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "The firm is also introducing much lower priced mobile only plans in markets like India and Malaysia that will drive subscriber growth at the expense of average revenue.",
    "output": "[Cause] introducing much lower priced mobile only plans in markets like India and Malaysia [Relation] cause [Effect] drive subscriber growth",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "Further, given the relatively asset-light nature of the business, returns on invested capital are very high, averaging almost 200% over the past five years.",
    "output": "[Cause] the relatively asset-light nature of the business [Relation] cause [Effect] returns on invested capital are very high, averaging almost 200% over the past five years",
    "gold": 1,
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  {
    "input": "We expect solid gross margin expansion (to 40% from 36% in 2019) for the full year despite first-quarter supply and demand disruption (which led to more than 1,200 basis points of deleverage for the period), as volume leverage more than offset this pressure over the remainder of the year.",
    "output": "[Cause] first-quarter supply and demand disruption [Relation] cause [Effect] more than 1,200 basis points of deleverage for the period",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "Additionally, thanks to the MRO business (Interline Brands and HD Supply), pro revenue could be less cyclical, as the maintenance side of the business can prove more consistent.",
    "output": "[Cause] MRO business (Interline Brands and HD Supply) [Relation] enable [Effect] pro revenue could be less cyclical",
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  {
    "input": "Gross margins for Amphenol are slightly below competitors TE Connectivity (32% versus 33%) and Sensata (34%). This is partially due to the different end markets that each company is exposed to and partially due to the particular products supplied to those end markets.",
    "output": "[Cause] the different end markets that each company is exposed to and the particular products supplied to those end markets [Relation] cause [Effect] Gross margins for Amphenol are slightly below competitors TE Connectivity and Sensata",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.2189791202545166,
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  {
    "input": "Additionally, we expect a small decrease in adjusted income from operations as a percentage of revenue (17.2%) as we expect incremental coronavirus-related expenses to continue to offset operating expense leverage.",
    "output": "[Cause] we expect incremental coronavirus-related expenses to continue to offset operating expense leverage [Relation] cause [Effect] a small decrease in adjusted income from operations as a percentage of revenue (17.2%)",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.399488925933838,
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  {
    "input": "American Water was unable to treat and remove all of the chemical mixture in its water treatment process and as a result contaminated the drinking water system.",
    "output": "[Cause] American Water was unable to treat and remove all of the chemical mixture in its water treatment process [Relation] cause [Effect] contaminated the drinking water system",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.5,
    "pred": 1
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  {
    "input": "We expect solid wireless results over the next several years thanks to the industry's stable structure, but growth will likely remain only modest over the long term.",
    "output": "[Cause] the industry's stable structure [Relation] enable [Effect] solid wireless results over the next several years",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.500000238418579,
    "pred": 1
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  {
    "input": "We think nearline drives will sustain healthy demand as rising bandwidth demand leads to data center buildouts\u2014more than offsetting the ongoing decline in the firm's legacy HDD sales.",
    "output": "[Cause] rising bandwidth demand leads to data center buildouts [Relation] cause and offsetting [Effect] nearline drives will sustain healthy demand",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4205750226974487,
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  {
    "input": "MongoDB is in its infancy but has a massive market opportunity and a large runway for growth ahead of itself. This substantial growth is driven by continued shifts of workloads to a cloud environment, prompting the database market to grow robustly, especially NoSQL databases like document-based databases, as companies realize how much easier it is to scale data storage in the clouds.",
    "output": "[Cause] continued shifts of workloads to a cloud environment, prompting the database market to grow robustly [Relation] cause [Effect] substantial growth for MongoDB",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3403488397598267,
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  {
    "input": "Adoption of products like RPA can have to two to three times revenue uplift potential in the cloud compared with on-premises and can be deployed at very low incremental cost, helping expand gross margins.",
    "output": "[Cause] Adoption of products like RPA [Relation] enable, help [Effect] revenue uplift potential in the cloud compared with on-premises, expand gross margins",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4503226280212402,
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  {
    "input": "Adoption of products like RPA can have to two to three times revenue uplift potential in the cloud compared with on-premises and can be deployed at very low incremental cost, helping expand gross margins.",
    "output": "[Cause] Adoption of products like RPA [Relation] enable [Effect] two to three times revenue uplift potential in the cloud compared with on-premises",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 0.761642575263977,
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  {
    "input": "The deal must still be approved by regulators, but once the deal closes, Thomson Reuters will own approximately 15% of the London Stock Exchange, enabling the company to be increasingly focused on enterprise software and legal data.",
    "output": "[Cause] Thomson Reuters will own approximately 15% of the London Stock Exchange [Relation] enable [Effect] enabling the company to be increasingly focused on enterprise software and legal data",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.2780035138130188,
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  {
    "input": "If interest rates increase, Williams shares could underperform, as a steepening yield curve increases the value of competing income alternatives.",
    "output": "[Cause] interest rates increase [Relation] cause [Effect] Williams shares could underperform",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.0726037621498108,
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  {
    "input": "If interest rates increase, Williams shares could underperform, as a steepening yield curve increases the value of competing income alternatives.",
    "output": "[Cause] interest rates increase [Relation] cause [Effect] Williams shares could underperform",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.4999999403953552,
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  {
    "input": "We expect General Mills to continue to adjust its portfolio to better align with secular trends, but this strategy has limitations, as it can also impair economic profits.",
    "output": "[Cause] General Mills' strategy to adjust its portfolio to better align with secular trends [Relation] cause [Effect] limitations and impairing economic profits",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.447108507156372,
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  {
    "input": "We also expect some continued growth from the fixed-line side as its broadband and other services such as data centers and IT services offset voice declines.",
    "output": "[Cause] broadband and other services such as data centers and IT services [Relation] offset [Effect] continued growth from the fixed-line side",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.2219123840332031,
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  {
    "input": "This year, Expeditors is seeing air and ocean volume pressure from pandemic lockdowns, though airfreight rates (to shippers) are spiking on tight capacity, providing a strong offset, and demand is rebounding sequentially in the second half.",
    "output": "[Cause] air and ocean volume pressure from pandemic lockdowns [Relation] cause [Effect] airfreight rates (to shippers) are spiking on tight capacity, providing a strong offset, and demand is rebounding sequentially in the second half",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.272915780544281,
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  {
    "input": "The bank was previously quite exposed to commercial real estate as well as oil and gas, but has since hired a new chief risk officer and reduced the risk in its loan portfolio by diversifying away from these types of loans.",
    "output": "[Cause] hired a new chief risk officer and reduced the risk in its loan portfolio [Relation] cause [Effect] diversifying away from commercial real estate and oil and gas loans",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.2457310557365417,
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  {
    "input": "Steelmakers' profitability is highly linked to raw material prices (the iron ore price in particular), while weak steel demand would result in a reduction in pricing power for Posco.",
    "output": "[Cause] weak steel demand [Relation] cause [Effect] reduction in pricing power for Posco.",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.495079517364502,
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  {
    "input": "Much of the company's success hinges on the relationships it has built through years of low prices and excellent customer service at its Southeastern electric utilities.",
    "output": "[Cause] years of low prices and excellent customer service at its Southeastern electric utilities [Relation] enable [Effect] the company's success hinges on the relationships it has built",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.438032329082489,
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  {
    "input": "We now see 2021 revPAR recovering to the mid-80s of 2019's level versus 79% prior, as increased vaccination rates push travel demand higher.",
    "output": "[Cause] increased vaccination rates [Relation] enable [Effect] push travel demand higher",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.4721194505691528,
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  {
    "input": "Further, the key components of the products (such as servo motors) are manufactured in-house through the robotic factories. These factors allow savings in transportation costs related to parts procurement as well as savings achieved through economies of scale.",
    "output": "[Cause] the key components of the products (such as servo motors) are manufactured in-house through the robotic factories [Relation] enable [Effect] savings in transportation costs related to parts procurement as well as savings achieved through economies of scale",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.4999998807907104,
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  {
    "input": "If a contaminant enters a product and is not caught through inspection, product recalls can occur, which can be highly damaging to customers' financial performance in the short term and the firm's brand and reputation with retail consumers. As such, food and beverage companies are likely willing to pay a premium for effective inspection equipment and tend to not resist reasonable price increases.",
    "output": "[Cause] If a contaminant enters a product and is not caught through inspection [Relation] cause [Effect] product recalls can occur",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3187052011489868,
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  {
    "input": "We anticipate capacity will be about 75% of 2019 levels, as American generally has a domestic network, load factors will be roughly 70%, and that yields will increase somewhat with demand.",
    "output": "[Cause] capacity will be about 75% of 2019 levels, American generally has a domestic network, load factors will be roughly 70% [Relation] enable [Effect] yields will increase somewhat with demand",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.262171745300293,
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  {
    "input": "We believe the firm will have opportunities to reduce costs and take advantage of operating leverage, but we expect those gains will largely be passed to consumers by way of lower prices, as Akamai looks to keep an edge in an increasingly competitive environment.",
    "output": "[Cause] opportunities to reduce costs and take advantage of operating leverage [Relation] cause [Effect] gains will largely be passed to consumers by way of lower prices",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.1403781175613403,
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  {
    "input": "New competition could dramatically slow T-Mobile's momentum in the market, causing it to fail to gain the scale needed to compete long term.",
    "output": "[Cause] New competition [Relation] cause [Effect] dramatically slow T-Mobile's momentum in the market",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4249759912490845,
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  {
    "input": "US Foods has disclosed that the cash-and-carry formats help increase the firm's share of wallet with clients that use both services and the economics on the stores are attractive.",
    "output": "[Cause] the cash-and-carry formats help increase the firm's share of wallet with clients that use both services and the economics on the stores are attractive [Relation] enable [Effect] US Foods has disclosed",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.2991541624069214,
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  {
    "input": "Large global CROs, such as PPD, have developed regulatory expertise and proprietary data that help them produce the best trial designs and enroll patients into trials quickly and efficiently, which allows drugs to reach the market faster.",
    "output": "[Cause] Large global CROs, such as PPD, have developed regulatory expertise and proprietary data [Relation] enable [Effect] help them produce the best trial designs and enroll patients into trials quickly and efficiently",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.1276984810829163,
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  {
    "input": "We also believe that this segment benefits from the long length of time required for the customer to switch, as the Bradley replacement has been solicited in various iterations for over a decade, and a replacement would need likely take quite a while to fully develop.",
    "output": "[Cause] the long length of time required for the customer to switch, as the Bradley replacement has been solicited in various iterations for over a decade [Relation] cause [Effect] a replacement would likely take quite a while to fully develop",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4324939846992493,
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  {
    "input": "We also believe that this segment benefits from the long length of time required for the customer to switch, as the Bradley replacement has been solicited in various iterations for over a decade, and a replacement would need likely take quite a while to fully develop.",
    "output": "[Cause] the long length of time required for the customer to switch [Relation] enable [Effect] a replacement would likely take quite a while to fully develop",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3742691278457642,
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  {
    "input": "For large manufacturers, breadth of portfolio offers the best chance of owning at least a few of the category-growing brands at any point in time and on a consistent basis; this makes them an important partner to retailers and distributors.",
    "output": "[Cause] breadth of portfolio [Relation] enable [Effect] offers the best chance of owning at least a few of the category-growing brands at any point in time and on a consistent basis",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4524539709091187,
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  {
    "input": "These dealers are supported by Komatsu through the provision of technical support and training and can also leverage its advertising, retail financing, and insurance services.",
    "output": "[Cause] Komatsu provides technical support, training, advertising, retail financing, and insurance services [Relation] enable [Effect] These dealers are supported by Komatsu",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.296696662902832,
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  {
    "input": "We are increasing our Sempra fair value estimate to $128 per share from $125 after incorporating time-value appreciation since our last update and minor changes to our five-year outlook.",
    "output": "[Cause] incorporating time-value appreciation since our last update and minor changes to our five-year outlook [Relation] cause [Effect] Increasing Sempra fair value estimate to $128 per share from $125",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4932481050491333,
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  {
    "input": "We expect that volume increases in the high-margin 737 MAX will bring Boeing commercial's operating margin to a midteens level.",
    "output": "[Cause] volume increases in the high-margin 737 MAX [Relation] enable [Effect] bring Boeing commercial's operating margin to a midteens level",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.4780563116073608,
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  {
    "input": "Fifth Third was hit quite hard during the last recession, with its outsize exposure to Rust belt economies such as Detroit, and provisioning that ate up all the bank's net interest income in 2008 and 2009. This has meant that the bank has not historically had a credit cost advantage, and its operating efficiency ratios have been pressured as well.",
    "output": "[Cause] outsize exposure to Rust belt economies such as Detroit, provisioning that ate up all the bank's net interest income in 2008 and 2009 [Relation] cause [Effect] Fifth Third was hit quite hard during the last recession",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3698163032531738,
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  {
    "input": "We expect Delta's fundamentals will recover after a COVID-19 vaccine is distributed, which we assume will occur in 2021, and business travel subsequently resumes.",
    "output": "[Cause] a COVID-19 vaccine is distributed [Relation] enable [Effect] Delta's fundamentals will recover",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.4670400023460388,
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  {
    "input": "In our opinion, this could force Groupon to either increase sales expenses or lower the very attractive above-30% take rates in order to attract more merchants and increase the number of discount offerings on its sites.",
    "output": "[Cause] the need to attract more merchants and increase the number of discount offerings on its sites [Relation] cause [Effect] Groupon may either increase sales expenses or lower take rates",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3989945650100708,
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  {
    "input": "These items should support competitive core deposit costs, above-average operating efficiency, higher fee income levels, and pricing advantages for the auto business, all of which should enable the bank to consistently earn returns that exceed its 9% cost of equity through the cycle.",
    "output": "[Cause] These items should support competitive core deposit costs, above-average operating efficiency, higher fee income levels, and pricing advantages for the auto business [Relation] enable [Effect] enable the bank to consistently earn returns that exceed its 9% cost of equity through the cycle",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4383906722068787,
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  {
    "input": "Alliance Data Systems gathers data on its client's customers, helping to better tailor these programs, which can create some switching costs in the process.",
    "output": "[Cause] Alliance Data Systems gathers data on its client's customers, helping to better tailor these programs [Relation] cause [Effect] create some switching costs in the process",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3752793073654175,
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  {
    "input": "Alliance Data Systems gathers data on its client's customers, helping to better tailor these programs, which can create some switching costs in the process.",
    "output": "[Cause] Alliance Data Systems gathers data on its client's customers and tailors programs to better fit their needs [Relation] cause [Effect] create some switching costs for the clients",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4518318176269531,
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  {
    "input": "Magellan only seeks long-term contracts when further investments are needed to ensure recovery of its capital, so only about 40% of its refined product shipments were subject to term commitments (usually involving reduced fees) with about three years until expiry.",
    "output": "[Cause] further investments are needed to ensure recovery of its capital [Relation] enable [Effect] Magellan only seeks long-term contracts",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3329070806503296,
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  {
    "input": "The expense deleverage that the company faces during periods of softer recruitment underscores the intensity that competitive pressures can have on its business model, as well as the need to develop more comprehensive health and wellness offerings across its marketing and other consumer engagement efforts.",
    "output": "[Cause] competitive pressures [Relation] cause [Effect] expense deleverage that the company faces during periods of softer recruitment",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.305134356021881,
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  {
    "input": "We assume the new Medicare clinical lab fee schedule adjustments from the first three-year cycle of rating setting will have greater impact in 2020 and 2021, with some easing in 2022 thanks to recent COVID-19 stimulus legislation that further delays the resetting of rates until 2022.",
    "output": "[Cause] new Medicare clinical lab fee schedule adjustments from the first three-year cycle of rating setting [Relation] cause [Effect] greater impact in 2020 and 2021",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3084440231323242,
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  {
    "input": "We believe this weakness is because Smucker is heavily exposed to the value and mainstream segments, which have lost share as consumers shift purchases to the premium and superpremium segments, suggesting that Smucker has failed to amass pricing power in this niche.",
    "output": "[Cause] Smucker is heavily exposed to the value and mainstream segments, which have lost share as consumers shift purchases to the premium and superpremium segments [Relation] indicate [Effect] Smucker has failed to amass pricing power in this niche",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.1615535020828247,
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  {
    "input": "We don't believe Sling will be able to grow meaningfully over the next five years as it too faces online competition.",
    "output": "[Cause] faces online competition [Relation] cause [Effect] Sling will not be able to grow meaningfully over the next five years",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4563688039779663,
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  {
    "input": "Airlines faced the worst operating environment in history in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic and dramatically cut capacity to respond to steep drops in demand.",
    "output": "[Cause] the COVID-19 pandemic [Relation] cause [Effect] Airlines faced the worst operating environment in history in 2020",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.5,
    "pred": 1
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  {
    "input": "Airlines faced the worst operating environment in history in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic and dramatically cut capacity to respond to steep drops in demand.",
    "output": "[Cause] the COVID-19 pandemic and dramatically cut capacity to respond to steep drops in demand [Relation] cause [Effect] Airlines faced the worst operating environment in history in 2020",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  },
  {
    "input": "This expansion will also support a higher per-employee-per-year (PEPY) price that will allow the firm to generate more value per client.",
    "output": "[Cause] expansion [Relation] enable [Effect] The firm will generate more value per client",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.2980729341506958,
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  {
    "input": "The deal afforded Waste Connections the opportunity to apply its top-tier operational know-how and pricing discipline to bring Progressive's profitability up to par with its own.",
    "output": "[Cause] Waste Connections' top-tier operational know-how and pricing discipline [Relation] enable [Effect] bring Progressive's profitability up to par with its own",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4223747253417969,
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  {
    "input": "We believe its ability for higher investment into tech platforms that can scale, as well as its access to customer data on millions of households, should bolster the bank's advantages over the longer run.",
    "output": "[Cause] higher investment into tech platforms that can scale, access to customer data on millions of households [Relation] enable [Effect] bolster the bank's advantages over the longer run",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4128052592277527,
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  {
    "input": "Expansion of newer (like textiles from the Company Store acquisition) and existing (such as appliances) categories could also drive demand.",
    "output": "[Cause] Expansion of newer (like textiles from the Company Store acquisition) and existing (such as appliances) categories [Relation] enable [Effect] drive demand",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.4587664604187012,
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  {
    "input": "Burlington has faced inventory flow challenges (despite ample product availability) as it and its vendors restart their supply and distribution networks; freight costs are also rising sharply.",
    "output": "[Cause] Burlington and its vendors restart their supply and distribution networks; freight costs are rising sharply [Relation] cause [Effect] Burlington has faced inventory flow challenges (despite ample product availability)",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4801042079925537,
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  {
    "input": "The partnership is not entirely insulated from energy market risk, since volumes on its system can fall if oil producers slow drilling or refineries face falling demand.",
    "output": "[Cause] oil producers slow drilling or refineries face falling demand [Relation] cause [Effect] volumes on its system can fall",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.4999999403953552,
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  {
    "input": "The partnership is not entirely insulated from energy market risk, since volumes on its system can fall if oil producers slow drilling or refineries face falling demand.",
    "output": "[Cause] oil producers slow drilling or refineries face falling demand [Relation] cause [Effect] volumes on its system can fall",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.1830482482910156,
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  {
    "input": "Second, once Splunk's software is integrated, switching to a new platform could lead to business disruption and operational risk, resulting in data loss.",
    "output": "[Cause] once Splunk's software is integrated [Relation] cause [Effect] switching to a new platform could lead to business disruption and operational risk, resulting in data loss",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.1066927313804626,
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  {
    "input": "Low interest rates will continue to exert pressure on SocGen's net interest income, while fee income is likely to decline in 2020 as underwriting activities in investment banking are likely to grind to a halt.",
    "output": "[Cause] Low interest rates [Relation] cause [Effect] pressure on SocGen's net interest income",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.0233233571052551,
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  {
    "input": "Operationally, HSBC's cost structure is expected to be streamlined further as the bank announced another round of business restructuring.",
    "output": "[Cause] the bank announced another round of business restructuring [Relation] cause [Effect] HSBC's cost structure is expected to be streamlined further",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.2632291316986084,
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  {
    "input": "Further, we don't expect promotional spending will remain dormant over a longer horizon (as has been the case since March 2020, given the extent to which demand has been outpacing supply in categories throughout the store), as competitors muscle for share gains, which should lead to decelerating sales growth.",
    "output": "[Cause] competitors muscle for share gains [Relation] cause [Effect] promotional spending will not remain dormant over a longer horizon",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.342024564743042,
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  {
    "input": "We believe the disjointed construction of Ergo's German primary insurance offering led to managerial issues as well as cost inefficiencies and a lack of local market penetration.",
    "output": "[Cause] the disjointed construction of Ergo's German primary insurance offering [Relation] cause [Effect] managerial issues, cost inefficiencies, lack of local market penetration",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.0889769792556763,
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  {
    "input": "Should all major high-end OEMs utilize only in-house application processors, Qualcomm's chips would be relegated to lower-priced handsets that would curb chip margins.",
    "output": "[Cause] all major high-end OEMs utilize only in-house application processors [Relation] prevent [Effect] Qualcomm's chips would be relegated to lower-priced handsets",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3017202615737915,
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  {
    "input": "We assume that management will be moderately successful with its European consolidation, lifting margins for that segment that will elevate the company's historically low operating margin of 8.0% in 2019 to 10% in 2024.",
    "output": "[Cause] management will be moderately successful with its European consolidation [Relation] cause [Effect] lifting margins for that segment",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Air travel is a carbon-intensive service, and stiffer regulations on carbon emissions would likely raise the price of air travel and thus depress demand.",
    "output": "[Cause] stiffer regulations on carbon emissions [Relation] cause [Effect] raise the price of air travel",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.4999999403953552,
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  {
    "input": "Air travel is a carbon-intensive service, and stiffer regulations on carbon emissions would likely raise the price of air travel and thus depress demand.",
    "output": "[Cause] stiffer regulations on carbon emissions [Relation] cause [Effect] raise the price of air travel",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.2774115204811096,
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  {
    "input": "Absent the Legg Mason deal, which added $797 billion in AUM at the end of July 2020, the firm's managed assets were up 0.3% on a year-over-year basis.",
    "output": "[Cause] the Legg Mason deal, which added $797 billion in AUM at the end of July 2020 [Relation] cause [Effect] the firm's managed assets were up 0.3% on a year-over-year basis (excluding the Legg Mason deal)",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.322870135307312,
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  {
    "input": "We think there is a risk these partners will look elsewhere if Neogen does not successfully scale licensed products, and partners could also demand a greater share of profits if co-developed products are highly successful.",
    "output": "[Cause] Neogen does not successfully scale licensed products [Relation] cause [Effect] risk of partners looking elsewhere",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4466626644134521,
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    "input": "We think there is a risk these partners will look elsewhere if Neogen does not successfully scale licensed products, and partners could also demand a greater share of profits if co-developed products are highly successful.",
    "output": "[Cause] Neogen does not successfully scale licensed products [Relation] if [Effect] partners will look elsewhere",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.0798420906066895,
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  {
    "input": "We also expect incremental adjusted OR (net of fuel) improvement to around 85.1% in 2021, thanks in part to leverage from strong pricing.",
    "output": "[Cause] leverage from strong pricing [Relation] enable [Effect] incremental adjusted OR (net of fuel) improvement to around 85.1% in 2021",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.4683138132095337,
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  {
    "input": "Its portfolio of widely successful franchises allows the firm to monetize its intellectual property year Electronic Gaming & Multimediaafter year by delivering content via sequels, expansion packs, downloadable content, or DLC, and toys, exemplified by the decade-old World of Warcraft franchise and the annual versions of Call of Duty.",
    "output": "[Cause] portfolio of widely successful franchises [Relation] enable [Effect] allows the firm to monetize its intellectual property year after year by delivering content via sequels, expansion packs, downloadable content, or DLC, and toys",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3673635125160217,
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  {
    "input": "In this regard, the company's success can be attributed to its aggressive approach at building a recognizable brand to attract consumers and consequently the agents seeking their business.",
    "output": "[Cause] the company's aggressive approach at building a recognizable brand [Relation] enable [Effect] attracting consumers and consequently the agents seeking their business",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Additionally, broadband pricing is low in Mexico, which allows for price increases in the near to medium term as Internet access becomes even more a necessity for Mexican households.",
    "output": "[Cause] broadband pricing is low in Mexico [Relation] enable [Effect] price increases in the near to medium term",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.321444034576416,
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  {
    "input": "In our view, Okta has ample cross-selling and up-selling opportunities after landing initial solutions, and we expect entities to favor purchasing their customer identity solutions in a hybrid-cloud world over in-house developments.",
    "output": "[Cause] Okta has ample cross-selling and up-selling opportunities after landing initial solutions [Relation] cause [Effect] entities to favor purchasing their customer identity solutions in a hybrid-cloud world over in-house developments",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.25876384973526,
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  {
    "input": "Beyond the patent protection of its marketed products (through 2024 for Eylea and 2031 for Dupixent), all of Regeneron marketed and pipeline products are biologics, which provide added defense from generic competition due to the complexity and cost of manufacturing biosimilars.",
    "output": "[Cause] All of Regeneron marketed and pipeline products are biologics [Relation] cause [Effect] provide added defense from generic competition due to the complexity and cost of manufacturing biosimilars",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Additionally, the newly acquired Maverick Boat Group brings exposure to more than 70 dealers to the corporate mix, potentially helping expand Pursuit's brand reach over time. As a result, we believe Malibu's distribution network would be difficult for a new entrant or competitor to replicate.",
    "output": "[Cause] the newly acquired Maverick Boat Group brings exposure to more than 70 dealers to the corporate mix [Relation] enable [Effect] potentially helping expand Pursuit's brand reach over time",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3479795455932617,
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  {
    "input": "We have strong confidence that government energy policies worldwide will support rapidly growing solar demand for at least the next 10 years.",
    "output": "[Cause] government energy policies worldwide [Relation] enable [Effect] support rapidly growing solar demand for at least the next 10 years",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4150676131248474,
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  {
    "input": "We believe investment in plant upgrades and new projects will support ROICs during the next five years, averaging a healthy spread over Ormat's cost of capital.",
    "output": "[Cause] investment in plant upgrades and new projects [Relation] enable [Effect] support ROICs during the next five years, averaging a healthy spread over Ormat's cost of capital",
    "gold": 1,
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    "cosine": 1.500000238418579,
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  {
    "input": "Many of the most apposite locales for breweries in the country (be it because of proximity to ports, warehousing facilities, or labor availability) are plagued by water supply issues. These include relying on water bodies (such as the Colorado River) where average annual flows are at historic lows, or on underground aquifers that are overexploited.",
    "output": "[Cause] Many of the most apposite locales for breweries in the country (proximity to ports, warehousing facilities, or labor availability) [Relation] cause [Effect] plagued by water supply issues",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Reliance is likely to enjoy slow but steady organic growth via shipments to the nonresidential construction, automotive, energy, heavy equipment, and aerospace end markets.",
    "output": "[Cause] shipments to the nonresidential construction, automotive, energy, heavy equipment, and aerospace end markets [Relation] enable [Effect] Reliance is likely to enjoy slow but steady organic growth",
    "gold": 1,
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  {
    "input": "We expect HCA to enjoy similar low-single-digit pricing power overall during the next 10 years in our base-case scenario, which should help it generate economic profits.",
    "output": "[Cause] expect HCA to enjoy similar low-single-digit pricing power overall [Relation] cause [Effect] help it generate economic profits",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Gold mining carries many ESG risks, all of which carry medium probability and some materiality. As such, we include risks from labor strikes, disagreements with local governments and communities, and the ever-present risk of mine accidents in our scenario analysis.",
    "output": "[Cause] Gold mining carries many ESG risks, including labor strikes, disagreements with local governments and communities, and the risk of mine accidents. [Relation] cause [Effect] inclusion of these risks in scenario analysis",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "For example, the aquatic systems segment derives roughly 85% of its sales from aftermarket service and replacement parts. As such, the bulk of the segment's sales is attributable to over 5 million existing swimming pools in the U.S., and Pentair does not rely solely on new construction starts to increase its revenue in the segment.",
    "output": "[Cause] the bulk of the segment's sales is attributable to over 5 million existing swimming pools in the U.S. [Relation] enable [Effect] Pentair does not rely solely on new construction starts to increase its revenue in the segment.",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "The potential volatility in profits and returns brought on by the firm's operating leverage and cyclical demand results in our high uncertainty rating.",
    "output": "[Cause] potential volatility in profits and returns brought on by the firm's operating leverage and cyclical demand [Relation] cause [Effect] high uncertainty rating",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3760535717010498,
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  {
    "input": "The potential volatility in profits and returns brought on by the firm's operating leverage and cyclical demand results in our high uncertainty rating.",
    "output": "[Cause] potential volatility in profits and returns brought on by the firm's operating leverage and cyclical demand [Relation] cause [Effect] high uncertainty rating",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "ESG continues to be a focus for MSCI and in addition to data subscriptions, MSCI monetizes its ESG data in its index segment through ESG index subscriptions and license fees from ESG ETFs.",
    "output": "[Cause] ESG continues to be a focus for MSCI [Relation] enable [Effect] MSCI monetizes its ESG data in its index segment through ESG index subscriptions and license fees from ESG ETFs.",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "We expect demand for uncoated free sheet, used in office paper and envelopes, to decline 4%-5% annually in developed markets, accompanied by falling prices as high-cost production comes offline first.",
    "output": "[Cause] declining demand for uncoated free sheet in developed markets [Relation] cause [Effect] falling prices as high-cost production comes offline first",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3043019771575928,
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  {
    "input": "The biggest ESG risk we see revolves around broadband and wireless communications' essential function in society, which means regulators may take a heavy hand in ensuring providers reach all residents at reasonable price--potentially limiting pricing power and forcing higher spending even when it doesn't make economic sense.",
    "output": "[Cause] broadband and wireless communications' essential function in society [Relation] cause [Effect] regulators may take a heavy hand in ensuring providers reach all residents at a reasonable price",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "The biggest ESG risk we see revolves around broadband and wireless communications' essential function in society, which means regulators may take a heavy hand in ensuring providers reach all residents at reasonable price--potentially limiting pricing power and forcing higher spending even when it doesn't make economic sense.",
    "output": "[Cause] broadband and wireless communications' essential function in society [Relation] cause [Effect] regulators may take a heavy hand in ensuring providers reach all residents at a reasonable price",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "input": "Along those lines, low visibility surrounding the magnitude of industrial end market recovery brings elevated uncertainty to our volume assumptions for 2021 and 2022.",
    "output": "[Cause] low visibility surrounding the magnitude of industrial end market recovery [Relation] cause [Effect] elevated uncertainty to our volume assumptions for 2021 and 2022",
    "gold": 1,
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    "cosine": 1.5,
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  {
    "input": "While this adds a new level of competition and could apply some pricing pressure, we think the growing body of clinical data for Hologic's Genius system helps to establish its superiority in the minds of clinicians.",
    "output": "[Cause] the growing body of clinical data for Hologic's Genius system helps to establish its superiority in the minds of clinicians [Relation] enable [Effect] adds a new level of competition and could apply some pricing pressure",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "input": "Targeting a wide consumer base with a core customer who is female, 35-65 years old with household income of $50,000-over $175,000 also means Wayfair is competing with mass-market retailers, specialty retail, and low-cost providers, making it harder to stay top of mind.",
    "output": "[Cause] Targeting a wide consumer base with a core customer who is female, 35-65 years old with household income of $50,000-over $175,000 [Relation] cause [Effect] making it harder to stay top of mind",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "input": "Targeting a wide consumer base with a core customer who is female, 35-65 years old with household income of $50,000-over $175,000 also means Wayfair is competing with mass-market retailers, specialty retail, and low-cost providers, making it harder to stay top of mind.",
    "output": "[Cause] Targeting a wide consumer base with a core customer who is female, 35-65 years old with household income of $50,000-over $175,000 [Relation] cause [Effect] Wayfair is competing with mass-market retailers, specialty retail, and low-cost providers, making it harder to stay top of mind",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "If the firm is unable to effectively source and integrate new employees, it could slow innovation and affect Splunk's competitive positioning.",
    "output": "[Cause] inability to effectively source and integrate new employees [Relation] cause [Effect] slow innovation and affect Splunk's competitive positioning",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "Conversely, in multiyear periods of large harvests, volatility is reduced, which limits the trading desk's ability to make a profit.",
    "output": "[Cause] in multiyear periods of large harvests [Relation] cause [Effect] volatility is reduced",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "In fact, management has indicated that few in the firm itself actually know the process end-to-end in order to preserve the firm's secret sauce.",
    "output": "[Cause] management's indication to preserve the firm's secret sauce [Relation] prevent [Effect] few in the firm actually know the process end-to-end",
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  {
    "input": "Post's cereal businesses represent 61% of corporate profits and are facing secular declines, as consumers shift away from processed, high-sugar, and high-carb foods.",
    "output": "[Cause] consumers shift away from processed, high-sugar, and high-carb foods [Relation] cause [Effect] Post's cereal businesses are facing secular declines",
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  {
    "input": "But on the whole, we expect Halliburton to earn essentially no economic profits from sand logistics and only slim economic profits from other efficiency advantages. Thus, while Halliburton has previously enjoyed a multifaceted advantage in pressure pumping, we believe its economic profits going forward will come chiefly from one source: its superior pressure pumping equipment.",
    "output": "[Cause] Halliburton's multifaceted advantage in pressure pumping [Relation] cause [Effect] Halliburton to earn essentially no economic profits from sand logistics and only slim economic profits from other efficiency advantages",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "As at-home food consumption remains elevated during the pandemic, consumers are finding favor with offerings like those in General Mills' portfolio, as shown by increases in household penetration and repeat purchase rates in most categories.",
    "output": "[Cause] elevated at-home food consumption during the pandemic [Relation] enable [Effect] increases in household penetration and repeat purchase rates in most categories for General Mills' portfolio",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Thus, we also expect a five-year average gross margin of 55.6% from fiscal 2021 to fiscal 2026, due to improving utilization with increasing student demand and average selling price hikes.",
    "output": "[Cause] improving utilization with increasing student demand and average selling price hikes [Relation] cause [Effect] a five-year average gross margin of 55.6% from fiscal 2021 to fiscal 2026",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.5,
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  {
    "input": "With management indicating that mergers and acquisitions are more likely than not, we think LPL will need to show evidence of better advisor conversion following these types of acquisitions, and we like the option of contingency payment deal structures to reduce uncertainty around conversion efforts.",
    "output": "[Cause] management indicating that mergers and acquisitions are more likely than not [Relation] cause [Effect] LPL will need to show evidence of better advisor conversion following these types of acquisitions",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
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    "input": "With management indicating that mergers and acquisitions are more likely than not, we think LPL will need to show evidence of better advisor conversion following these types of acquisitions, and we like the option of contingency payment deal structures to reduce uncertainty around conversion efforts.",
    "output": "[Cause] management indicating that mergers and acquisitions are more likely than not [Relation] cause [Effect] LPL will need to show evidence of better advisor conversion following these types of acquisitions",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Additionally, the high supply growth present in many of the company's markets and the ever-present competition from alternative housing options keeps rent growth in the low- to mid-single-digits. As a result, the company acquired its portfolio at low initial cap rates and the realized internal growth rate isn't high enough to exceed the company's WACC.",
    "output": "[Cause] high supply growth present in many of the company's markets, competition from alternative housing options [Relation] cause, prevent [Effect] rent growth in the low- to mid-single-digits",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "Our gross margin projection for 2021 is 50%, which we believe will incrementally expand over the next five years due to the maturation of EUV, which currently has a lower-than-corporate-average gross margin.",
    "output": "[Cause] maturation of EUV [Relation] enable [Effect] incrementally expand gross margin over the next five years",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "As licenses for these facilities are given by state and local officials, if ethylene oxide becomes more of a priority for these state officials, Teleflex could potentially face supply disruptions.",
    "output": "[Cause] ethylene oxide becomes more of a priority for these state officials [Relation] cause [Effect] Teleflex could potentially face supply disruptions",
    "gold": 1,
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  {
    "input": "The firm was forced to close all its stores temporarily due to the coronavirus crisis in fiscal 2021 and e-commerce (typically about 40% of sales) only partially made up for the lost revenue.",
    "output": "[Cause] the coronavirus crisis [Relation] cause [Effect] The firm was forced to close all its stores temporarily",
    "gold": 0,
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    "cosine": 1.4481079578399658,
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  {
    "input": "We think it would need to open cultivation internationally if it wants to compete in the global medical cannabis market--an unlikely event until federal laws are changed.",
    "output": "[Cause] federal laws are not changed [Relation] unless [Effect] it would need to open cultivation internationally if it wants to compete in the global medical cannabis market",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Still, the most compelling reason to purchase a MongoDB Enterprise Advanced subscription is to navigate the vastly complex terrain of databases with ample assistance, as the commercial license still requires the database to ultimately be run and maintained by the customer--which is an arduous task.",
    "output": "[Cause] the commercial license still requires the database to ultimately be run and maintained by the customer--which is an arduous task [Relation] enable [Effect] the most compelling reason to purchase a MongoDB Enterprise Advanced subscription is to navigate the vastly complex terrain of databases with ample assistance",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Still, the most compelling reason to purchase a MongoDB Enterprise Advanced subscription is to navigate the vastly complex terrain of databases with ample assistance, as the commercial license still requires the database to ultimately be run and maintained by the customer--which is an arduous task.",
    "output": "[Cause] the commercial license still requires the database to ultimately be run and maintained by the customer [Relation] cause [Effect] an arduous task",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "We think TSMC's dominant market share and strategy to focus on high-end products put it in the best position to outspend competitors in terms of R&amp;D to advance through GAA and beyond.",
    "output": "[Cause] TSMC's dominant market share and strategy to focus on high-end products [Relation] enable [Effect] put it in the best position to outspend competitors in terms of R&D to advance through GAA and beyond",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "Not only has Oi lost market share in recent years, it has had to compete on price, leaving its share of wireless industry revenue around 10%.",
    "output": "[Cause] Oi has lost market share in recent years [Relation] cause and effect [Effect] Oi has had to compete on price",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "However, absent a headline driving acquisition in the commercial real estate data space, we think the chance that the government will proactively address the issue is low.",
    "output": "[Cause] absence of a headline driving acquisition in the commercial real estate data space [Relation] cause [Effect] low chance that the government will proactively address the issue",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Following Echo's impressive first-quarter results, we are raising our fair value estimate to $27.50 from $25.50, due to lifting our medium-term revenue and operating margin forecasts and time value of money since our last update.",
    "output": "[Cause] lifting our medium-term revenue and operating margin forecasts and time value of money since our last update [Relation] cause [Effect] raising our fair value estimate to $27.50 from $25.50",
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  {
    "input": "Automotive end markets could prove lucrative as firms turn to Sonoco for light-weighting solutions such as molded foam seating components or trunk liners and load floors that allow them to meet fuel economy standards.",
    "output": "[Cause] firms turn to Sonoco for light-weighting solutions such as molded foam seating components or trunk liners and load floors that allow them to meet fuel economy standards [Relation] enable [Effect] Automotive end markets could prove lucrative",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Automotive end markets could prove lucrative as firms turn to Sonoco for light-weighting solutions such as molded foam seating components or trunk liners and load floors that allow them to meet fuel economy standards.",
    "output": "[Cause] Automotive firms turn to Sonoco for light-weighting solutions [Relation] enable [Effect] Automotive end markets could prove lucrative",
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  {
    "input": "We believe Amazon will continue to develop into a formidable player in digital media, given its vast content offerings, inroads into new verticals (including video games), and ability to sell hardware as a loss leader.",
    "output": "[Cause] its vast content offerings, inroads into new verticals (including video games), and ability to sell hardware as a loss leader [Relation] cause [Effect] Amazon will continue to develop into a formidable player in digital media",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.499999761581421,
    "pred": 1
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  {
    "input": "Other pneumatic applications, such as air saver units found in factor air nozzles and air gun applications, cut compressed air costs by 40%-50%.",
    "output": "[Cause] Other pneumatic applications, such as air saver units found in factor air nozzles and air gun applications [Relation] enable [Effect] cut compressed air costs by 40%-50%",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.474736213684082,
    "pred": 1
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  {
    "input": "We anticipate that wide-body production will remain lower for longer, due to both longer-term challenges in international travel from the COVID-19 pandemic and the increasing ability for narrow-body aircraft to efficiently perform missions that were previously reserved for longer-term aircraft.",
    "output": "[Cause] longer-term challenges in international travel from the COVID-19 pandemic and the increasing ability for narrow-body aircraft to efficiently perform missions that were previously reserved for longer-term aircraft [Relation] cause [Effect] wide-body production will remain lower for longer",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4857710599899292,
    "pred": 1
  },
  {
    "input": "We project noninterest income growing at a CAGR of 4%, driven by wealth management and capital markets, while expense growth remains fairly steady at 3% per year.",
    "output": "[Cause] growth in wealth management and capital markets [Relation] enable [Effect] project noninterest income growing at a CAGR of 4%",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4214321374893188,
    "pred": 0
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  {
    "input": "As a result, operators think it can accommodate at least 20 wells per square mile on the surface, which is at least double the optimum density in other plays. As a result, there are still enough undrilled well locations in the basin to keep the E&amp;P industry busy for decades.",
    "output": "[Cause] it can accommodate at least 20 wells per square mile on the surface, which is at least double the optimum density in other plays [Relation] enable [Effect] there are still enough undrilled well locations in the basin to keep the E&P industry busy for decades",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4329873323440552,
    "pred": 1
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  {
    "input": "We believe margins should also benefit from better growth over time, but the impact will be more modest, given the limited fixed costs in the business model.",
    "output": "[Cause] limited fixed costs in the business model [Relation] cause [Effect] more modest impact on margins",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4273464679718018,
    "pred": 0
  },
  {
    "input": "Further, we expect Airbnb to lower marketing expense to 22% of revenue in 2030 from 34% in 2019 (2019 was a heavier investment year, with 2018 marketing costs at 30% of sales), as the company benefits from strong global awareness and a more complete platform offering long term.",
    "output": "[Cause] strong global awareness and a more complete platform offering long term. [Relation] enable, cause [Effect] Airbnb to lower marketing expense to 22% of revenue in 2030 from 34% in 2019.",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.440880000591278,
    "pred": 1
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  {
    "input": "Nonresidential construction is the most important driver in the category, as spending is more material-intensive per dollar than residential construction.",
    "output": "[Cause] spending is more material-intensive per dollar than residential construction [Relation] cause [Effect] Nonresidential construction is the most important driver in the category",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.500000238418579,
    "pred": 1
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  {
    "input": "Finally, volatility in commodity prices, specifically oil, may affect profitability if fuel prices remain inflated for an extended period (Royal hedges about half of current-year costs).",
    "output": "[Cause] volatility in commodity prices, specifically oil [Relation] cause [Effect] affect profitability if fuel prices remain inflated for an extended period",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3209950923919678,
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  {
    "input": "Antero's strong leverage to NGLs and condensate is rare among natural gas producers in the Northeast and enables the company to benefit more from strengthening NGL prices, driven by increasing domestic and export demand for NGLs and increasing pipeline capacity out of the Appalachia region.",
    "output": "[Cause] strong leverage to NGLs and condensate [Relation] enable [Effect] enables the company to benefit more from strengthening NGL prices",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.052132487297058,
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  {
    "input": "Intel's 7-nm process delay (of 6-12 months) means we likely won't see Intel chips on this process node until late 2022 at the earliest.",
    "output": "[Cause] Intel's 7-nm process delay (of 6-12 months) [Relation] cause [Effect] we likely won't see Intel chips on this process node until late 2022 at the earliest",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.4999998211860657,
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  {
    "input": "While acquisitions allow Sensata to enter new, high-growth markets, a consolidating marketplace could cause Sensata to be outbid for, or overpay for, targets, diluting firm value.",
    "output": "[Cause] acquisitions allow Sensata to enter new, high-growth markets [Relation] enable [Effect] a consolidating marketplace could cause Sensata to be outbid for, or overpay for, targets, diluting firm value",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3915327787399292,
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  {
    "input": "While acquisitions allow Sensata to enter new, high-growth markets, a consolidating marketplace could cause Sensata to be outbid for, or overpay for, targets, diluting firm value.",
    "output": "[Cause] acquisitions allow Sensata to enter new, high-growth markets [Relation] cause [Effect] a consolidating marketplace could cause Sensata to be outbid for, or overpay for, targets, diluting firm value",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3074038624763489,
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  },
  {
    "input": "While acquisitions allow Sensata to enter new, high-growth markets, a consolidating marketplace could cause Sensata to be outbid for, or overpay for, targets, diluting firm value.",
    "output": "[Cause] a consolidating marketplace [Relation] cause [Effect] Sensata to be outbid for, or overpay for, targets, diluting firm value",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4026072025299072,
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  {
    "input": "As alcohol consumption has negative public health connotations, governments sometimes use the industry as a way to raise the tax rate while incurring limited political risk.",
    "output": "[Cause] alcohol consumption has negative public health connotations [Relation] cause [Effect] governments sometimes use the industry as a way to raise the tax rate while incurring limited political risk",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.5,
    "pred": 1
  },
  {
    "input": "Finally, the increasingly viral nature of the media creates omnipresent ESG risk in the form of potential brand degradation, which is quite acute for most corporations, in our view.",
    "output": "[Cause] the increasingly viral nature of the media [Relation] cause [Effect] omnipresent ESG risk in the form of potential brand degradation",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.5000001192092896,
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  {
    "input": "New product platforms such as smoothies and tea, as well as a revamped food program, have added diversity to the menu, allowing the firm to broaden its target audience, increase its average transaction size, and expand more into the lunch and evening dayparts.",
    "output": "[Cause] New product platforms such as smoothies and tea, as well as a revamped food program [Relation] enable [Effect] added diversity to the menu, broadened the firm's target audience, increased its average transaction size, and expand more into the lunch and evening dayparts",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4550676345825195,
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  {
    "input": "Continued innovation will be key to Malibu's ability to increase pricing power; recent product offerings have helped support price increases into 2021, with overall net sales per unit up 11.1% in the company's fiscal first quarter ending September (compared with 8% for competitor Mastercraft).",
    "output": "[Cause] Continued innovation [Relation] enable [Effect] Malibu's ability to increase pricing power",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.0321695804595947,
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  {
    "input": "Biosimilar launches in Europe hit Roche's Rituxan and Herceptin sales by more than 40% in 2018-19, and similar declines began in the U.S.",
    "output": "[Cause] Biosimilar launches in Europe [Relation] cause [Effect] hit Roche's Rituxan and Herceptin sales by more than 40% in 2018-19",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4586938619613647,
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  {
    "input": "We expect operating margin of 12.5% by the end of our five-year forecast period, although this estimate could prove conservative if Cantel's Revox sterilization technology gets fast-tracked by the FDA and contributes to the top-line sooner than expected.",
    "output": "[Cause] Cantel's Revox sterilization technology gets fast-tracked by the FDA and contributes to the top-line sooner than expected [Relation] enable [Effect] operating margin of 12.5% by the end of our five-year forecast period",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.4765133261680603,
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  {
    "input": "Apple's competitive advantage stems from its ability to package hardware, software, services, and third-party applications into sleek, intuitive, and appealing devices.",
    "output": "[Cause] Apple's ability to package hardware, software, services, and third-party applications into sleek, intuitive, and appealing devices [Relation] cause [Effect] Apple's competitive advantage",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.445765733718872,
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  {
    "input": "However, if competition takes a greater toll than we expect on the sector, Ross could find itself with an excessively large store network and infrastructure, creating downside exposure relative to our estimates.",
    "output": "[Cause] competition takes a greater toll than expected on the sector [Relation] cause [Effect] Ross could find itself with an excessively large store network and infrastructure",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4942721128463745,
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  {
    "input": "However, if competition takes a greater toll than we expect on the sector, Ross could find itself with an excessively large store network and infrastructure, creating downside exposure relative to our estimates.",
    "output": "[Cause] competition takes a greater toll on the sector [Relation] cause [Effect] Ross could find itself with an excessively large store network and infrastructure",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3016139268875122,
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  {
    "input": "We note that large RIAs typically have more than one custodian, so Envestnet's open-architecture approach is more attractive than a custodian's offering.",
    "output": "[Cause] Envestnet's open-architecture approach [Relation] enable [Effect] Envestnet's open-architecture approach is more attractive than a custodian's offering",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.2793015241622925,
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  {
    "input": "We forecast operating income to be broadly flat over the next five years as we await the outcome of the planned merger and acquisition spending to boost the growth rate.",
    "output": "[Cause] planned merger and acquisition spending [Relation] enable [Effect] await the outcome of the planned merger and acquisition spending to boost the growth rate",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.1852831840515137,
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  {
    "input": "Customers have little incentive to switch to another equipment supplier because of the costs to retrain healthcare workers, and they can Medical Instruments & Suppliesbe reluctant to change a process that's working effectively.",
    "output": "[Cause] costs to retrain healthcare workers, reluctance to change a process that's working effectively [Relation] prevent [Effect] Customers have little incentive to switch to another equipment supplier",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.447023093700409,
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  {
    "input": "We are increasing our fair value estimate to $76 from $70 per ADR after adding potential third-dose booster sales for Comirnaty/BNT162b2, the vaccine against SARS-CoV-2.",
    "output": "[Cause] adding potential third-dose booster sales for Comirnaty/BNT162b2, the vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 [Relation] cause [Effect] increasing our fair value estimate to $76 from $70 per ADR",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.490871548652649,
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  {
    "input": "In a housing downturn, the company could see a combination of increased holding costs and interest expenses cause significant stress on its financial results.",
    "output": "[Cause] a housing downturn [Relation] cause [Effect] combination of increased holding costs and interest expenses cause significant stress on its financial results",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3737317323684692,
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  {
    "input": "While still small today, such startups have the potential to increase the degree of competition in the payroll/HCM space and make it more difficult for providers to win business.",
    "output": "[Cause] startups in the payroll/HCM space [Relation] cause [Effect] potential to increase the degree of competition",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3873177766799927,
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  {
    "input": "While Post is the #1 provider of eggs and potatoes to the food-service industry, the commoditized nature of these products makes it very difficult for Post to differentiate their offerings.",
    "output": "[Cause] the commoditized nature of eggs and potatoes [Relation] cause [Effect] makes it very difficult for Post to differentiate their offerings",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.0624188780784607,
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  {
    "input": "The unique mechanism of these therapies, where additional molecules can result in a new, more efficacious therapy, serves as a competitive advantage for Vertex because it entrenches the therapies in cystic fibrosis treatment and lengthens the period of patent protection.",
    "output": "[Cause] The unique mechanism of these therapies, where additional molecules can result in a new, more efficacious therapy [Relation] enable [Effect] serves as a competitive advantage for Vertex",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.201097846031189,
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  {
    "input": "Given the uncertain extent and duration of COVID-19 and the pronounced retreat we've already seen in global travel demand, we estimate Las Vegas Sands' total 2020 revenue declining 72% (60% drop prior).",
    "output": "[Cause] uncertain extent and duration of COVID-19 and pronounced retreat in global travel demand [Relation] cause [Effect] Las Vegas Sands' total 2020 revenue declining 72% (60% drop prior)",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4845727682113647,
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  {
    "input": "We think the firm's growth driver will be its enterprise visibility and mobility segment, which we forecast to grow at a rate of 7% following 2020 as it continues to make up a larger portion of the overall top line.",
    "output": "[Cause] enterprise visibility and mobility segment continues to make up a larger portion of the overall top line [Relation] cause [Effect] forecast growth rate of 7% following 2020",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3103795051574707,
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  },
  {
    "input": "We think the firm's growth driver will be its enterprise visibility and mobility segment, which we forecast to grow at a rate of 7% following 2020 as it continues to make up a larger portion of the overall top line.",
    "output": "[Cause] enterprise visibility and mobility segment continues to make up a larger portion of the overall top line [Relation] enable [Effect] forecasted growth rate of 7% following 2020",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.1494178771972656,
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  {
    "input": "However, BAT's acquisition of Reynolds American has materially lowered its return on invested capital generation, and we expect the spreads over the company's weighted average cost of capital to remain very thin.",
    "output": "[Cause] BAT's acquisition of Reynolds American [Relation] cause [Effect] materially lowered its return on invested capital generation",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.44612455368042,
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  {
    "input": "In its salt operations, climate change could cause a permanent drop in deicing salt demand due to a reduction in snowfall from warmer winter temperatures as warmer climates shift north over time.",
    "output": "[Cause] climate change could cause a permanent drop in deicing salt demand due to a reduction in snowfall from warmer winter temperatures as warmer climates shift north over time [Relation] cause [Effect] impact on deicing salt demand in salt operations",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3709675073623657,
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  },
  {
    "input": "In its salt operations, climate change could cause a permanent drop in deicing salt demand due to a reduction in snowfall from warmer winter temperatures as warmer climates shift north over time.",
    "output": "[Cause] climate change [Relation] cause [Effect] a permanent drop in deicing salt demand due to a reduction in snowfall",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.261370301246643,
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  },
  {
    "input": "In its salt operations, climate change could cause a permanent drop in deicing salt demand due to a reduction in snowfall from warmer winter temperatures as warmer climates shift north over time.",
    "output": "[Cause] climate change [Relation] cause [Effect] permanent drop in deicing salt demand",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.0608673095703125,
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  {
    "input": "In the last few years, ConocoPhillips has reshaped its portfolio by selling higher-cost, lower-return assets including natural gas production in the U.S.",
    "output": "[Cause] selling higher-cost, lower-return assets including natural gas production in the U.S. [Relation] cause [Effect] ConocoPhillips has reshaped its portfolio",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
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    "cosine": 1.4677422046661377,
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  {
    "input": "Many of these consumers generally watch less live television than previous generations and are more likely to using ad-blocking software when using the Internet. Thus, the almost 35,000 events that Live Nation held in 2018 were likely among the most effective methods of reaching many of these young consumers.",
    "output": "[Cause] Many of these consumers generally watch less live television than previous generations and are more likely to be using ad-blocking software when using the Internet [Relation] enable [Effect] the almost 35,000 events that Live Nation held in 2018 were likely among the most effective methods of reaching many of these young consumers",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4748132228851318,
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  {
    "input": "In fact, during a downturn in new vehicle sales, dealers generally report higher gross margins due to a favorable mix shift, but then report lower operating margins due to selling, general, and administrative deleveraging.",
    "output": "[Cause] a downturn in new vehicle sales [Relation] cause, effect [Effect] dealers generally report higher gross margins due to a favorable mix shift",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "In fact, during a downturn in new vehicle sales, dealers generally report higher gross margins due to a favorable mix shift, but then report lower operating margins due to selling, general, and administrative deleveraging.",
    "output": "[Cause] a downturn in new vehicle sales [Relation] cause, cause [Effect] dealers generally report higher gross margins due to a favorable mix shift",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.2327054738998413,
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  {
    "input": "A similar dynamic prevails in aluminum cans, which has seen increased manufacturer demand not only due to category dynamics, but also because the recycling infrastructure supporting a circular ecosystem is more robust for this packaging.",
    "output": "[Cause] the recycling infrastructure supporting a circular ecosystem is more robust for aluminum cans [Relation] enable [Effect] increased manufacturer demand for aluminum cans",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.2905805110931396,
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  {
    "input": "The supply chain for boats tends to be somewhat fragile as well, relying on parts from multiple vendors (though Malibu has worked to mitigate some of that risk through vertical integration), which could cause the company to fail to reach full production capacity and shipments.",
    "output": "[Cause] relying on parts from multiple vendors [Relation] cause [Effect] the supply chain for boats tends to be somewhat fragile",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Regarding the retail point of sale products, our opinion is that HP's market share gain in early fiscal 2018 will be difficult to sustain due to competitor offerings and a pessimistic outlook on the brick-and-mortar retail environment.",
    "output": "[Cause] competitor offerings and a pessimistic outlook on the brick-and-mortar retail environment [Relation] prevent [Effect] HP's market share gain in early fiscal 2018 will be difficult to sustain",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.4898760318756104,
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  {
    "input": "Furthermore, EMR systems are long-term investments, and stronger systems are less likely to switch to a weaker and smaller HCIT provider with limited if any incremental value adds from their current solutions. Therefore, substantial financial and time risks exist for providers to switch from stable platforms, especially in a mature and sticky hospital EMR market.",
    "output": "[Cause] strong systems are less likely to switch to a weaker and smaller HCIT provider with limited if any incremental value adds from their current solutions [Relation] prevent [Effect] substantial financial and time risks exist for providers to switch from stable platforms, especially in a mature and sticky hospital EMR market",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.439840316772461,
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  {
    "input": "With appeal to a wide variety of consumers, we anticipate the concept should translate well to new markets as the chain grows toward its 2,500-unit target (from 1,020 at the end of fiscal 2020).",
    "output": "[Cause] the concept appeals to a wide variety of consumers [Relation] enable [Effect] the chain grows toward its 2,500-unit target (from 1,020 at the end of fiscal 2020)",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4017646312713623,
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  {
    "input": "Lyft's number of riders has increased since 2016, driven mainly by increased adoption of overall ride-sharing services plus Lyft's gradual expansion in other markets mainly in the U.S.",
    "output": "[Cause] increased adoption of overall ride-sharing services plus Lyft's gradual expansion in other markets mainly in the U.S. [Relation] cause [Effect] Lyft's number of riders has increased since 2016",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4764806032180786,
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  {
    "input": "Although we recognize that e-commerce sales spiked in 2020 in response to social distancing mandates, we do not think online sales will continue to grow at the same cadence and could give up some ground once consumers are more comfortable venturing outside the home to a greater extent.",
    "output": "[Cause] e-commerce sales spiked in 2020 in response to social distancing mandates [Relation] cause [Effect] we do not think online sales will continue to grow at the same cadence and could give up some ground once consumers are more comfortable venturing outside the home to a greater extent",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3358754515647888,
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  {
    "input": "Although we recognize that e-commerce sales spiked in 2020 in response to social distancing mandates, we do not think online sales will continue to grow at the same cadence and could give up some ground once consumers are more comfortable venturing outside the home to a greater extent.",
    "output": "[Cause] e-commerce sales spiked in 2020 in response to social distancing mandates [Relation] cause [Effect] online sales will continue to grow at the same cadence and could give up some ground once consumers are more comfortable venturing outside the home to a greater extent",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.2786353826522827,
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  {
    "input": "While uneven macro trends, increased competition, evolving consumer preferences, and the impact of coronavirus could change future consumer behavior, we remain optimistic about Yum China's longer-term opportunities, given a still-fragmented restaurant industry, a growing Chinese middle class, ongoing urbanization trends, and the market becoming increasingly conducive to franchising.",
    "output": "[Cause] uneven macro trends, increased competition, evolving consumer preferences, and the impact of coronavirus [Relation] cause [Effect] could change future consumer behavior",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 0.8433751165866852,
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  {
    "input": "While there are new entrants in both the PLM and midmarket CAD spaces, we think that Dassault Systemes will be able to work to minimize any additional share new players would take in its markets by increasing its adoption of its 3DExperience platform.",
    "output": "[Cause] increasing its adoption of its 3DExperience platform [Relation] enable [Effect] Dassault Systemes will be able to work to minimize any additional share new players would take in its markets",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.4999998807907104,
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  {
    "input": "We expect falling production costs and higher adoption rates to catalyze RFID sales growth for Avery throughout our forecast period.",
    "output": "[Cause] falling production costs and higher adoption rates [Relation] cause [Effect] catalyze RFID sales growth for Avery throughout our forecast period",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4665874242782593,
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  {
    "input": "If there is a significant data breach or if Verisign fails to comply with the terms of the contract, ICANN has the right to put the contracts up for bid, raising the possibility of Verisign losing its exclusive right to the TLDs, which would be catastrophic for the company.",
    "output": "[Cause] significant data breach or if Verisign fails to comply with the terms of the contract [Relation] cause->effect [Effect] ICANN has the right to put the contracts up for bid, raising the possibility of Verisign losing its exclusive right to the TLDs",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4012126922607422,
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  {
    "input": "Given its plentiful lot supply, the company has shifted to a lighter land acquisition strategy, which seeks to reduce the amount of capital tied up in land.",
    "output": "[Cause] plentiful lot supply [Relation] enable [Effect] company has shifted to a lighter land acquisition strategy",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.2430903911590576,
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  {
    "input": "Demand for these types of assets will remain strong as patients seek the best treatments from the top health systems, driving consistent patient volumes to their affiliated assets and thus increasing the rents that can be charged to doctor's groups that want to service these patients.",
    "output": "[Cause] patients seek the best treatments from the top health systems [Relation] cause [Effect] Demand for these types of assets will remain strong",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.364671230316162,
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  {
    "input": "We are decreasing our fair value estimate for Kilroy Realty to $61 per share from $65 since we now expect the San Francisco submarket to be more acutely impacted by occupancy declines due to the coronavirus pandemic.",
    "output": "[Cause] expecting the San Francisco submarket to be more acutely impacted by occupancy declines due to the coronavirus pandemic [Relation] cause [Effect] decreasing the fair value estimate for Kilroy Realty to $61 per share from $65",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.2418442964553833,
    "pred": 0
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  {
    "input": "Shorter berthing and loading times allow the company to reduce costs and help Schnitzer make deliveries more quickly than its peers, which is a key value proposition in securing and retaining business.",
    "output": "[Cause] Shorter berthing and loading times [Relation] enable [Effect] the company to reduce costs and help Schnitzer make deliveries more quickly than its peers",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.303824543952942,
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  {
    "input": "As China shifts its focus away from subsidizing the industrial sectors toward encouraging private consumption and reducing pollution, reforms should allow prices to move more closely with international benchmarks.",
    "output": "[Cause] China shifts its focus away from subsidizing the industrial sectors toward encouraging private consumption and reducing pollution [Relation] enable [Effect] reforms should allow prices to move more closely with international benchmarks",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.5,
    "pred": 1
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  {
    "input": "In connected care we assume slower growth in monitoring and analytics, offset by higher growth in sleep and respiratory care.",
    "output": "[Cause] slower growth in monitoring and analytics [Relation] offset [Effect] higher growth in sleep and respiratory care",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4456783533096313,
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  {
    "input": "After digesting PFG's fiscal second-quarter earnings, we're increasing our fair value estimate to $34 from $32.50 as bad debt expense is coming in much more favorably than we expected, causing us to lower our bad debt expense estimate to $45 million from $230 million previously.",
    "output": "[Cause] bad debt expense is coming in much more favorably than we expected [Relation] cause [Effect] increasing our fair value estimate to $34 from $32.50",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3763214349746704,
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  {
    "input": "If there are any doubts over the financial strength of the parent bank, clients of the asset manager will withdraw their funds.",
    "output": "[Cause] doubts over the financial strength of the parent bank [Relation] cause [Effect] clients of the asset manager will withdraw their funds",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.4589457511901855,
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  {
    "input": "Further, we note that Hess' geographic diversification could mitigate regulatory risk in the U.S., at least.",
    "output": "[Cause] Hess' geographic diversification [Relation] mitigate [Effect] mitigate regulatory risk in the U.S.",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.4885802865028381,
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  {
    "input": "RH's prior reorganization helped untie significant capital, as the firm moved to a sale-leaseback model on new projects, implemented reverse logistics to liquidate product, and adjusted the distribution center footprint, which led to inventory that fell 28% between 2016-20 (on 33% sales growth over the same period).",
    "output": "[Cause] RH's prior reorganization - sale-leaseback model on new projects, implemented reverse logistics, adjusted distribution center footprint [Relation] enable [Effect] untied significant capital, inventory fell 28%",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3748871684074402,
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  {
    "input": "RH's prior reorganization helped untie significant capital, as the firm moved to a sale-leaseback model on new projects, implemented reverse logistics to liquidate product, and adjusted the distribution center footprint, which led to inventory that fell 28% between 2016-20 (on 33% sales growth over the same period).",
    "output": "[Cause] RH's prior reorganization (moved to a sale-leaseback model on new projects, implemented reverse logistics to liquidate product, and adjusted the distribution center footprint) [Relation] cause [Effect] untie significant capital, led to inventory that fell 28% between 2016-20 (on 33% sales growth over the same period)",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4155303239822388,
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  {
    "input": "While many companies could still find it worthwhile to move to other cloud providers, like AWS, we think IBM's typical customer is extremely sensitive to such change given the mission criticality of the data stored--such as banking data.",
    "output": "[Cause] mission criticality of the data stored--such as banking data [Relation] cause [Effect] IBM's typical customer is extremely sensitive to such change",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4484731554985046,
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  {
    "input": "In our explicit forecast period, we assume that Coloplast's ostomy and continence care segments outpace market growth at 8% and 7% annually, respectively, as the firm rolls out new products, reimbursement policies for supplies remain stable, and intensifies efforts to cross-sell and infiltrate emerging markets.",
    "output": "[Cause] the firm rolls out new products, reimbursement policies for supplies remain stable, and intensifies efforts to cross-sell and infiltrate emerging markets [Relation] enable [Effect] ostomy and continence care segments outpace market growth at 8% and 7% annually, respectively",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3490527868270874,
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  {
    "input": "Though Brazil was able to pass its pension reform last fall, we're not convinced this will return the country to growth in the short term, with fiscal austerity and lower public spending likely required to pare down the large debt burden Brazil carries.",
    "output": "[Cause] fiscal austerity and lower public spending likely required to pare down the large debt burden Brazil carries [Relation] cause [Effect] we're not convinced this will return the country to growth in the short term",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.4999998211860657,
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  {
    "input": "Although patents are not essential for maintaining a product in the animal health industry, at least 20% of the firm's revenue comes from products protected by patents that allow Zoetis to charge a premium price and insulate it from competition.",
    "output": "[Cause] products protected by patents [Relation] enable [Effect] Zoetis is able to charge a premium price and insulate from competition",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3930766582489014,
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  {
    "input": "Domain expertise in software for pharma and biotech companies has proven to be a powerful barrier to entry, and as the first mover in this space, Veeva has a built-in structural advantage when it comes to sales & marketing costs compared with other verticals.",
    "output": "[Cause] Domain expertise in software for pharma and biotech companies [Relation] enable [Effect] proven to be a powerful barrier to entry",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "We expect this metric will normalize as the company's penetration reaches critical mass and top-line growth begins to slow from a startup cadence, while the increasing magnitude of negative working capital skews the metric, making it less relevant than for other home furnishing retailers.",
    "output": "[Cause] the company's penetration reaches critical mass and top-line growth begins to slow [Relation] cause [Effect] the metric will normalize",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3825857639312744,
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  {
    "input": "We expect this metric will normalize as the company's penetration reaches critical mass and top-line growth begins to slow from a startup cadence, while the increasing magnitude of negative working capital skews the metric, making it less relevant than for other home furnishing retailers.",
    "output": "[Cause] the company's penetration reaches critical mass and top-line growth begins to slow from a startup cadence [Relation] cause [Effect] the increasing magnitude of negative working capital skews the metric, making it less relevant than for other home furnishing retailers.",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.076783537864685,
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  {
    "input": "We expect this metric will normalize as the company's penetration reaches critical mass and top-line growth begins to slow from a startup cadence, while the increasing magnitude of negative working capital skews the metric, making it less relevant than for other home furnishing retailers.",
    "output": "[Cause] the company's penetration reaches critical mass and top-line growth begins to slow from a startup cadence, while the increasing magnitude of negative working capital skews the metric [Relation] cause [Effect] the metric will normalize and become less relevant than for other home furnishing retailers",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Thus, even if the barcode print stock itself is relatively cheap (generally a fraction of a cent) the reliable and consistent operation of the barcode printer itself is essential, which has allowed Zebra to incrementally increase its gross margins for barcode printers over time.",
    "output": "[Cause] reliable and consistent operation of the barcode printer [Relation] enable [Effect] Zebra incrementally increase its gross margins for barcode printers over time",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "From an operational standpoint, we forecast that Truist will have an efficiency ratio in the low-50s. This will be driven by BB&T's historically good operating efficiency as well as the material cost savings we see coming from the merger.",
    "output": "[Cause] BB&T's historically good operating efficiency, material cost savings from the merger [Relation] enable [Effect] Truist will have an efficiency ratio in the low-50s",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4504671096801758,
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  {
    "input": "In our base case, we assume revenue grows quickly in the near-term due to a buoyant market and recent acquisitions, and slows gradually in later years.",
    "output": "[Cause] a buoyant market and recent acquisitions [Relation] enable [Effect] revenue grows quickly in the near-term",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.4545667171478271,
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  {
    "input": "In our base case, we assume revenue grows quickly in the near-term due to a buoyant market and recent acquisitions, and slows gradually in later years.",
    "output": "[Cause] a buoyant market and recent acquisitions [Relation] cause [Effect] revenue grows quickly in the near-term",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.338641345500946,
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  {
    "input": "However, over the next few years, we think growth in the pork segment will exceed long-term averages, due to higher prices and strong export demand given the global pork shortage resulting from African swine fever.",
    "output": "[Cause] global pork shortage resulting from African swine fever [Relation] cause [Effect] higher prices and strong export demand",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3606585264205933,
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  {
    "input": "However, over the next few years, we think growth in the pork segment will exceed long-term averages, due to higher prices and strong export demand given the global pork shortage resulting from African swine fever.",
    "output": "[Cause] global pork shortage resulting from African swine fever [Relation] cause [Effect] growth in the pork segment will exceed long-term averages",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.2113360166549683,
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  {
    "input": "However, owing to long-term contracts struck with utilities before the post-2003 surge in uranium prices, the company has been unable to fully capture the economic benefits due its cost profile.",
    "output": "[Cause] long-term contracts struck with utilities before the post-2003 surge in uranium prices [Relation] prevent [Effect] the company has been unable to fully capture the economic benefits due its cost profile",
    "gold": 1,
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    "cosine": 1.4815341234207153,
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  {
    "input": "Structurally lower earnings with the demise of the China boom peaks means we expect midcycle returns on adjusted invested capital, after adding back the impairments and write-downs, to be below the cost of capital.",
    "output": "[Cause] the demise of the China boom peaks [Relation] cause [Effect] Structurally lower earnings",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.318555474281311,
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  {
    "input": "Additionally, 95% of African mobile users are prepaid, which results in higher churn rates as switching costs for customers are low.",
    "output": "[Cause] 95% of African mobile users are prepaid [Relation] cause [Effect] higher churn rates",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.5,
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  {
    "input": "Additionally, 95% of African mobile users are prepaid, which results in higher churn rates as switching costs for customers are low.",
    "output": "[Cause] 95% of African mobile users are prepaid [Relation] cause [Effect] higher churn rates",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "We think there's opportunities to invest more behind DJ Basin assets, as the Permian assets may struggle a bit more over the next few years with tougher pipe-on-pipe competition due to a well-supplied pipeline network.",
    "output": "[Cause] tougher pipe-on-pipe competition due to a well-supplied pipeline network [Relation] cause [Effect] Permian assets may struggle a bit more over the next few years",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.317148506641388,
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  {
    "input": "Chevron's profits and cash flow are largely tied to oil and gas production and could suffer as a result of a significant fall in prices.",
    "output": "[Cause] a significant fall in prices [Relation] cause [Effect] Chevron's profits and cash flow could suffer",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Once these assets are successfully sold, we expect the company to be a net acquirer of real estate as it finds attractive opportunities in its target markets across the West Coast.",
    "output": "[Cause] successful sale of assets [Relation] enable [Effect] the company to be a net acquirer of real estate",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Although the rise of online grocery, hastened in part by the coronavirus crisis, certainly has some positive implications for the industry, it is unlikely to cause demand to explode like e-commerce did for traditional industrial space.",
    "output": "[Cause] the rise of online grocery, hastened in part by the coronavirus crisis [Relation] cause [Effect] unlikely to cause demand to explode like e-commerce did for traditional industrial space",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Although the rise of online grocery, hastened in part by the coronavirus crisis, certainly has some positive implications for the industry, it is unlikely to cause demand to explode like e-commerce did for traditional industrial space.",
    "output": "[Cause] the rise of online grocery, hastened in part by the coronavirus crisis [Relation] cause [Effect] unlikely to cause demand to explode like e-commerce did for traditional industrial space",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "As millennials ascend age and income demographic segments, upgrading their living arrangements or purchasing a new home, the company can move to market higher-ticket and age-appropriate Pottery Barn and Williams-Sonoma products to the right consumer.",
    "output": "[Cause] millennials ascend age and income demographic segments, upgrading their living arrangements or purchasing a new home [Relation] enable [Effect] the company can move to market higher-ticket and age-appropriate Pottery Barn and Williams-Sonoma products to the right consumer",
    "gold": 1,
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  {
    "input": "The stringent capital requirements that the largest banks are held to give us some reassurance that these banks will be able to weather the next economic downturn.",
    "output": "[Cause] stringent capital requirements that the largest banks are held to [Relation] cause [Effect] give us some reassurance that these banks will be able to weather the next economic downturn",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "It is not completely outside the realm of possibility that a shift in competitive dynamics could force Coke to develop rationales for terminating their agreement.",
    "output": "[Cause] a shift in competitive dynamics [Relation] cause [Effect] force Coke to develop rationales for terminating their agreement",
    "gold": 1,
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  {
    "input": "We expect the mobile segment to grow 11%, as the decline of Candy Crush Saga is offset by growth from new King Digital properties, the reintroduction of third-party ads, and Activision/Blizzard mobile efforts.",
    "output": "[Cause] the decline of Candy Crush Saga is offset by growth from new King Digital properties, the reintroduction of third-party ads, and Activision/Blizzard mobile efforts [Relation] enable [Effect] We expect the mobile segment to grow 11%",
    "gold": 1,
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  {
    "input": "Fee margins in wealth management should remain under pressure as competition heats up and the high transactional revenue booked during 2020 moderates.",
    "output": "[Cause] competition heating up and the high transactional revenue booked during 2020 moderates [Relation] cause [Effect] fee margins in wealth management should remain under pressure",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "Both AutoCAD and Revit are BIM software, and therefore, geometric and object information can be exported from or imported to AutoCAD and Revit programs.",
    "output": "[Cause] Both AutoCAD and Revit are BIM software [Relation] enable [Effect] geometric and object information can be exported from or imported to AutoCAD and Revit programs",
    "gold": 1,
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    "cosine": 1.479683518409729,
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  {
    "input": "The coronavirus is likely to have a severe adverse effect on its sales in fiscal 2021 as many stores have been forced to close temporarily and heavy discounting is likely.",
    "output": "[Cause] The coronavirus [Relation] cause [Effect] severe adverse effect on its sales in fiscal 2021",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "However, we believe supply chain disruptions and staffing issues due to COVID-19 will make it difficult for HEI to fully execute its utility investment plan.",
    "output": "[Cause] supply chain disruptions and staffing issues due to COVID-19 [Relation] hinder [Effect] make it difficult for HEI to fully execute its utility investment plan",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "SSO gives employees a single way to access all their applications, and security teams can easily scale up and down application privileges per user.",
    "output": "[Cause] SSO gives employees a single way to access all their applications [Relation] enable [Effect] security teams can easily scale up and down application privileges per user",
    "gold": 1,
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  {
    "input": "Additionally, Texas Instruments has revenue from other products, such as calculators, that are likely in secular decline and may weigh on the firm's total top-line growth.",
    "output": "[Cause] revenue from other products, such as calculators, that are likely in secular decline [Relation] cause [Effect] may weigh on the firm's total top-line growth",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "Now we expect Insulet to move into soft launch with its own hybrid closed-loop Omnipod 5 in 2021, which will include the ability to control the pump from an Android smartphone and offer integration with Dexcom's G6 continuous glucose monitor. This puts Insulet in a strong position to compete in a field where hybrid closed-loop technology is becoming the standard.",
    "output": "[Cause] Insulet's own hybrid closed-loop Omnipod 5 including the ability to control the pump from an Android smartphone and offer integration with Dexcom's G6 continuous glucose monitor [Relation] enable [Effect] Insulet in a strong position to compete in a field where hybrid closed-loop technology is becoming the standard",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Carbon emissions regulation is increasingly a topic of discussion, but we think CNH Industrial is already hedging against this risk through the development of next generation products that reduce the carbon emissions of its products, namely its electric drivetrains.",
    "output": "[Cause] the development of next-generation products that reduce the carbon emissions of its products, namely its electric drivetrains [Relation] enable [Effect] CNH Industrial is already hedging against the risk of carbon emissions regulation",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "An option contract strategy generally leads to lower average land inventory on the balance sheet and higher, more consistent returns on invested capital.",
    "output": "[Cause] An option contract strategy [Relation] enable [Effect] lower average land inventory on the balance sheet and higher, more consistent returns on invested capital",
    "gold": 1,
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    "cosine": 1.4683632850646973,
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  {
    "input": "During this transition we anticipate the likeliness of increasing customer concentration concerns especially as it develops new functionality to sell into its existing customer base both on the payer and provider side.",
    "output": "[Cause] developing new functionality to sell into its existing customer base both on the payer and provider side [Relation] cause [Effect] the likeliness of increasing customer concentration concerns",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Lam competes with the likes of Applied Materials and Tokyo Electron, both of which have invested heavily to improve their products in etch to lessen Lam's technological lead.",
    "output": "[Cause] Applied Materials and Tokyo Electron have invested heavily to improve their products in etch [Relation] cause [Effect] lessen Lam's technological lead",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "If performance deteriorates or Syneos faces major changes in biopharma R&D spending, Syneos may have trouble meeting interest payments and investing in its business to sustain growth.",
    "output": "[Cause] performance deteriorates or Syneos faces major changes in biopharma R&D spending [Relation] cause [Effect] Syneos may have trouble meeting interest payments and investing in its business to sustain growth",
    "gold": 1,
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  {
    "input": "Indeed, the most significant headwind that could cause a material deterioration of earnings in the coming years would be reduced steel pricing due to an exacerbation of global overcapacity, as a function of increasing global production capacity and stagnant demand.",
    "output": "[Cause] reduced steel pricing due to an exacerbation of global overcapacity, as a function of increasing global production capacity and stagnant demand [Relation] cause [Effect] a material deterioration of earnings in the coming years",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "Brand positioning makes this an elevated expenditure targeted at a young demographic, yielding risk that consumers could trade down in the economic compression aggravated by COVID-19.",
    "output": "[Cause] Brand positioning makes this an elevated expenditure targeted at a young demographic [Relation] cause [Effect] risk that consumers could trade down in the economic compression aggravated by COVID-19",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "Brand positioning makes this an elevated expenditure targeted at a young demographic, yielding risk that consumers could trade down in the economic compression aggravated by COVID-19.",
    "output": "[Cause] Brand positioning targeted at a young demographic [Relation] cause [Effect] elevated expenditure",
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    "cosine": 1.1088788509368896,
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  {
    "input": "Costs for new transmission lines are too high and incremental benefits too low to offer sufficient returns on capital for two competing transmission owners.",
    "output": "[Cause] Costs for new transmission lines are too high and incremental benefits too low [Relation] prevent [Effect] offer sufficient returns on capital for two competing transmission owners",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.5000001192092896,
    "pred": 1
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  {
    "input": "Increased time spent on WeChat and mobile QQ has attracted third-party content creators (online games and media) and merchants, which is helping to improve and lengthen user experiences.",
    "output": "[Cause] Increased time spent on WeChat and mobile QQ [Relation] cause [Effect] has attracted third-party content creators and merchants",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.2305448055267334,
    "pred": 0
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  {
    "input": "A two-way network effect is evident in that brokers need trucks, while carriers need loads; the more loads and trucks posted on a network of load boards only increases the value of this service over time.",
    "output": "[Cause] brokers need trucks, while carriers need loads [Relation] create [Effect] the more loads and trucks posted on a network of load boards only increases the value of this service over time",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.1254969835281372,
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  {
    "input": "And we think discounting was a key culprit in operating margins tumbling to just 3% in 2019 at the segment, evidencing the lack of a competitive edge.",
    "output": "[Cause] discounting [Relation] cause [Effect] operating margins tumbling to just 3% in 2019 at the segment",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.428694248199463,
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  {
    "input": "This leads to more collaboration and cooperation between regulators and banks as well as greater institutional memory and more coordinated and easily implemented responses if strains begin to appear in the system.",
    "output": "[Cause] more collaboration and cooperation between regulators and banks [Relation] cause [Effect] greater institutional memory and more coordinated and easily implemented responses if strains begin to appear in the system",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4843262434005737,
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  {
    "input": "However, we expect operating profit to decrease at a CAGR of 4.3% from 2020 to 2025 mainly due to other steel companies that are included in the other non-parent division mitigated by an increase in profitability as a result of the growth opportunities mentioned.",
    "output": "[Cause] other steel companies that are included in the other non-parent division [Relation] mitigate | increase in profitability as a result of the growth opportunities mentioned [Effect] operating profit to decrease at a CAGR of 4.3% from 2020 to 2025",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.434779942035675,
    "pred": 1
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  {
    "input": "However, we expect operating profit to decrease at a CAGR of 4.3% from 2020 to 2025 mainly due to other steel companies that are included in the other non-parent division mitigated by an increase in profitability as a result of the growth opportunities mentioned.",
    "output": "[Cause] other steel companies that are included in the other non-parent division [Relation] mitigate [Effect] operating profit to decrease at a CAGR of 4.3% from 2020 to 2025",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.1470714211463928,
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  {
    "input": "We see myriad risks on the horizon as Keurig Dr Pepper seeks to maintain and enhance its positioning in the broader beverage industry.",
    "output": "[Cause] myriad risks on the horizon [Relation] cause [Effect] Keurig Dr Pepper seeks to maintain and enhance its positioning in the broader beverage industry",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4841018915176392,
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  {
    "input": "More complex trials provide room for differentiation, and global CROs leverage their expertise to shorten the clinical trial time frame and ensure accuracy and precision.",
    "output": "[Cause] global CROs leverage their expertise [Relation] enable [Effect] shorten the clinical trial time frame and ensure accuracy and precision",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 0.9159079194068909,
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  {
    "input": "More complex trials provide room for differentiation, and global CROs leverage their expertise to shorten the clinical trial time frame and ensure accuracy and precision.",
    "output": "[Cause] global CROs leverage their expertise to shorten the clinical trial time frame and ensure accuracy and precision [Relation] enable [Effect] More complex trials provide room for differentiation",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4198575019836426,
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  {
    "input": "Further, fully integrated producers that make hydroxide produced from high-quality spodumene assets can produce hydroxide at a lower cost than Livent, which may result in Livent's position on the lithium hydroxide cost curve rising over time.",
    "output": "[Cause] fully integrated producers that make hydroxide produced from high-quality spodumene assets can produce hydroxide at a lower cost than Livent [Relation] cause [Effect] Livent's position on the lithium hydroxide cost curve rising over time",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.5,
    "pred": 1
  },
  {
    "input": "Pfizer's entrenched consumer and vaccine franchises create an added layer of competitive advantage, stemming from brand power in consumer healthcare and manufacturing cost advantages in the vaccines division.",
    "output": "[Cause] Pfizer's entrenched consumer and vaccine franchises [Relation] cause [Effect] create an added layer of competitive advantage",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4357541799545288,
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  {
    "input": "Automotive parts are often complex, so many consumers depend on AutoZone's well-trained sales staff for knowledge and advice as they seek the right item for their needs.",
    "output": "[Cause] Automotive parts are often complex [Relation] cause [Effect] many consumers depend on AutoZone's well-trained sales staff for knowledge and advice as they seek the right item for their needs",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.5000001192092896,
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  {
    "input": "The bank's narrow product offering focuses its assets, giving Capital One the benefit of scale in its chosen business lines. This does have the consequence of leaving the bank undiversified as it is reliant on its credit cards and auto lending business.",
    "output": "[Cause] narrow product offering focuses its assets [Relation] enable [Effect] Capital One has the benefit of scale in its chosen business lines",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3097031712532043,
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  {
    "input": "Because a DRI-based production method is undertaken at lower temperatures, production equipment is also subject to less wear and tear, thereby allowing for lower maintenance and replacement costs.",
    "output": "[Cause] a DRI-based production method is undertaken at lower temperatures [Relation] enable [Effect] production equipment is subject to less wear and tear, allowing for lower maintenance and replacement costs",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4496746063232422,
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  {
    "input": "Because a DRI-based production method is undertaken at lower temperatures, production equipment is also subject to less wear and tear, thereby allowing for lower maintenance and replacement costs.",
    "output": "[Cause] DRI-based production method is undertaken at lower temperatures [Relation] enable [Effect] production equipment is subject to less wear and tear",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.132524013519287,
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  {
    "input": "However, a handful of players dominates the industry, a factor that led to disciplined capacity shutdowns by all of the major companies during the industry downturn.",
    "output": "[Cause] a handful of players dominates the industry [Relation] cause [Effect] disciplined capacity shutdowns by all of the major companies during the industry downturn",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.5000001192092896,
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  {
    "input": "We also expect coronavirus-related restaurant disruptions and changes in consumer behavior will have a lasting impact on the industry and result in near-term operating volatility and incremental expenses.",
    "output": "[Cause] coronavirus-related restaurant disruptions and changes in consumer behavior [Relation] cause [Effect] lasting impact on the industry, near-term operating volatility, and incremental expenses",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4921002388000488,
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  {
    "input": "In addition to process development challenges (including aggressive scaling targets and new interconnect materials), the secular PC decline and relative lack of competition from AMD all contributed to Intel delaying its 10-nm process ramp, in our opinion.",
    "output": "[Cause] process development challenges (including aggressive scaling targets and new interconnect materials), secular PC decline, and relative lack of competition from AMD [Relation] contribute [Effect] Intel delaying its 10-nm process ramp",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "For example, competitor Octapharma was forced to remove its IVIG product Octagam from the market in 2010 because of serious reported side effects.",
    "output": "[Cause] serious reported side effects [Relation] cause [Effect] competitor Octapharma was forced to remove its IVIG product Octagam from the market in 2010",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.5,
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  {
    "input": "Unlike most of the other U.S.-based asset managers we cover, we are projecting an improvement (albeit a slight one) in operating margins for BlackRock over the next five years, with the firm's margins expected to average 40%-41% on an adjusted basis (compared with 38%-39% during the past five calendar years). As such, the firm should be able to generate close to $7.0 billion in free cash flow on average annually during 2021-25, much of which will be returned to shareholders as dividends and share repurchases.",
    "output": "[Cause] projected improvement in operating margins for BlackRock over the next five years, firm's margins expected to average 40%-41% on an adjusted basis [Relation] cause [Effect] generate close to $7.0 billion in free cash flow on average annually during 2021-25",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4362789988517761,
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  {
    "input": "We expect returns on invested capital to hover just above the firm's cost of capital after the company's Cameron LNG export project came on line.",
    "output": "[Cause] the company's Cameron LNG export project came on line [Relation] enable [Effect] returns on invested capital to hover just above the firm's cost of capital",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.500000238418579,
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  {
    "input": "Wesco's size is also an important competitive advantage because the company has the scale to serve large, multinational clients anywhere in the world.",
    "output": "[Cause] Wesco's size [Relation] enable [Effect] competitive advantage because the company has the scale to serve large, multinational clients anywhere in the world",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "We expect the firm to focus on cross-selling efforts between the distinct sets of Littelfuse and IXYS customers to grow circuit protection content, and for the firm to extract market share gains in power semiconductors by targeting the industrial and charging infrastructure markets.",
    "output": "[Cause] focus on cross-selling efforts between the distinct sets of Littelfuse and IXYS customers [Relation] enable [Effect] grow circuit protection content",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 0.992632269859314,
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  {
    "input": "With restaurant margins accounting for differences in cost of food goods, paper products, labor, rent, utilities, and marketing expenditures, we view them as an appropriate proxy for a cost edge over peers, discouraging sustained price competition and irrational discounting, as Darden represents the low-cost operator in the space.",
    "output": "[Cause] Darden represents the low-cost operator in the space [Relation] cause [Effect] discouraging sustained price competition and irrational discounting",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "During our 2021-25 forecast period, we expect revenue to grow at about a 9% CAGR with strong growth in ESG and indexes.",
    "output": "[Cause] strong growth in ESG and indexes [Relation] cause [Effect] revenue to grow at about a 9% CAGR during the 2021-25 forecast period",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Competition is intense, and we don't anticipate these pressures will abate, particularly if online purchasing in Kimberly's categories serves to level the playing field with less proven manufacturers.",
    "output": "[Cause] online purchasing in Kimberly's categories serves to level the playing field with less proven manufacturers [Relation] cause [Effect] Competition is intense",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.435970664024353,
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  {
    "input": "Also, we expect overall operating margins will expand to 20.9% in 2025 from 19.7% in 2019 as the firm gains leverage on selling, general, and administrative as well as research and development expenses.",
    "output": "[Cause] the firm gains leverage on selling, general, and administrative as well as research and development expenses [Relation] cause [Effect] overall operating margins will expand to 20.9% in 2025 from 19.7% in 2019",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "Deere offers a wide range of products that enhance fuel efficiency, specifically through its electric drivetrain offerings. These products also help the company address carbon emissions concerns; which is increasingly a point of focus for government authorities.",
    "output": "[Cause] Deere offers a wide range of products that enhance fuel efficiency, specifically through its electric drivetrain offerings [Relation] enable [Effect] help the company address carbon emissions concerns",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4727752804756165,
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  {
    "input": "We have increased our 2020 revenue growth estimate to 42% from 32%, as early indications are than ad spending has bounced back faster from the pandemic than we had expected.",
    "output": "[Cause] early indications are that ad spending has bounced back faster from the pandemic [Relation] cause [Effect] increased 2020 revenue growth estimate to 42% from 32%",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.46835595369339,
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  {
    "input": "The company is exiting construction and lump-sum engineering, procurement, and construction (including LNG) projects, which we believe will result in a less risky and more profitable portfolio.",
    "output": "[Cause] exiting construction and lump-sum engineering, procurement, and construction (including LNG) projects [Relation] cause [Effect] result in a less risky and more profitable portfolio",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "With the notoriously slowly moving restaurant industry forced to make widespread investments in technology in 2020, we expect \"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"omnichannel\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\" ordering capabilities to become a required offering from larger players.",
    "output": "[Cause] the notoriously slowly moving restaurant industry forced to make widespread investments in technology in 2020 [Relation] enable [Effect] \"omnichannel\" ordering capabilities to become a required offering from larger players",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "In the longer term, we expect TAL Education to accelerate its growth via strong organic growth from both offline and online courses, and it is likely to gain more market shares due to its leading position in China's private after-school education market.",
    "output": "[Cause] strong organic growth from both offline and online courses [Relation] enable [Effect] TAL Education to accelerate its growth",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 0.9165218770503998,
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  {
    "input": "While Behr's and Home Depot's joint effort to gain professional painter market share should result in better long-term growth prospects if successful, elevated investment spending and competition from Sherwin-Williams, PPG, and Benjamin Moore to maintain share could result in lower returns on invested capital.",
    "output": "[Cause] elevated investment spending and competition from Sherwin-Williams, PPG, and Benjamin Moore to maintain share [Relation] cause [Effect] result in lower returns on invested capital",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.0241597294807434,
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  {
    "input": "While Behr's and Home Depot's joint effort to gain professional painter market share should result in better long-term growth prospects if successful, elevated investment spending and competition from Sherwin-Williams, PPG, and Benjamin Moore to maintain share could result in lower returns on invested capital.",
    "output": "[Cause] elevated investment spending and competition from Sherwin-Williams, PPG, and Benjamin Moore to maintain share [Relation] cause [Effect] lower returns on invested capital",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.2997010946273804,
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  {
    "input": "Additionally, although its adoption might be very gradual, we expect increased choline inclusion in prenatal vitamins in response to several recent studies highlighting its effectiveness in promoting fetal brain development.",
    "output": "[Cause] several recent studies highlighting its effectiveness in promoting fetal brain development [Relation] cause [Effect] increased choline inclusion in prenatal vitamins",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.486212134361267,
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  {
    "input": "We assign a medium uncertainty rating, as Siemens operates in disparate markets with countercyclical and long-cycle businesses offsetting the higher cyclicality of others.",
    "output": "[Cause] Siemens operates in disparate markets with countercyclical and long-cycle businesses [Relation] offset [Effect] higher cyclicality of others",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.2734220027923584,
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  {
    "input": "Additionally, we believe the company will face increasing competition from McDonald's and other Western and Chinese quick-service restaurant rivals as they look to expand across the region and other emerging markets.",
    "output": "[Cause] McDonald's and other Western and Chinese quick-service restaurant rivals look to expand across the region and other emerging markets [Relation] cause [Effect] the company will face increasing competition",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4934335947036743,
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  {
    "input": "More than 1,200 company-owned locations were sold to franchisees after the 3G acquisition, resulting in 99% of systemwide restaurants now being operated by franchisees and licensees.",
    "output": "[Cause] 3G acquisition [Relation] cause [Effect] More than 1,200 company-owned locations were sold to franchisees",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3109180927276611,
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  {
    "input": "Potential data breaches, given Rogers' access and transport of sensitive data, and business disruptions of what is now essentially a utility would also be risks.",
    "output": "[Cause] Rogers' access and transport of sensitive data [Relation] cause [Effect] Potential data breaches",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3789986371994019,
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  {
    "input": "Through its 2012 acquisition of Dako, Agilent enjoys a top-tier position in the anatomical pathology market for tissue-based cancer diagnostics, making it a major player with top-tier diagnostic firms Roche and Danaher.",
    "output": "[Cause] the 2012 acquisition of Dako [Relation] enable [Effect] Agilent enjoys a top-tier position in the anatomical pathology market for tissue-based cancer diagnostics, making it a major player with top-tier diagnostic firms Roche and Danaher",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "In our view, more social currency accrues to the typical individual as their consumption skews to the higher end of the price spectrum.",
    "output": "[Cause] consumption skewing to the higher end of the price spectrum [Relation] cause [Effect] more social currency accrues to the typical individual",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "However, Polaris' brands do not benefit from switching costs, and with peers innovating more quickly than in the past, it could jeopardize the firm's ability to take price and share consistently, particularly in periods of inflated recalls or aggressive industry discounting.",
    "output": "[Cause] Polaris' brands do not benefit from switching costs; peers innovating more quickly than in the past [Relation] cause [Effect] jeopardize the firm's ability to take price and share consistently, particularly in periods of inflated recalls or aggressive industry discounting",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "The closure of an anchor usually means less traffic for a mall and many in line tenants opting out of their leases, which exacerbates the situation.",
    "output": "[Cause] The closure of an anchor [Relation] cause [Effect] less traffic for a mall and many in line tenants opting out of their leases",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "The operating margin is likely to expand in 2024 and 2025 to nearly 39%, as lower growth in operating expenses (driven by more automation of content, data, and user monitoring), coupled with revenue growth, will create operating leverage.",
    "output": "[Cause] lower growth in operating expenses (driven by more automation of content, data, and user monitoring), coupled with revenue growth [Relation] enable [Effect] operating margin is likely to expand in 2024 and 2025 to nearly 39%",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Consumers have limited discretionary dollars to spend, and as fashions and trends cycle, there could be a disproportionate impact on EA's cash flow.",
    "output": "[Cause] Consumers have limited discretionary dollars to spend [Relation] cause [Effect] there could be a disproportionate impact on EA's cash flow",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3019683361053467,
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  {
    "input": "Additionally, Williams-Sonoma's fundamental demand is tied somewhat to the performance of the domestic home improvement market (which we believe will grow 3% on average over the medium term) and consumer confidence, which can to fluctuate over an economic cycle, driving volatility in sales.",
    "output": "[Cause] the performance of the domestic home improvement market and consumer confidence, which can fluctuate over an economic cycle [Relation] cause [Effect] volatility in sales",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.1522395610809326,
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  {
    "input": "Additionally, Williams-Sonoma's fundamental demand is tied somewhat to the performance of the domestic home improvement market (which we believe will grow 3% on average over the medium term) and consumer confidence, which can to fluctuate over an economic cycle, driving volatility in sales.",
    "output": "[Cause] performance of the domestic home improvement market and consumer confidence [Relation] correlate [Effect] volatility in sales",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.2907665967941284,
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  {
    "input": "Additionally, Williams-Sonoma's fundamental demand is tied somewhat to the performance of the domestic home improvement market (which we believe will grow 3% on average over the medium term) and consumer confidence, which can to fluctuate over an economic cycle, driving volatility in sales.",
    "output": "[Cause] performance of the domestic home improvement market and consumer confidence [Relation] cause [Effect] driving volatility in sales",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "To more quantitatively orient our thoughts regarding the company's cost positioning, we use cost of goods sold per hectoliter as an indicator for procurement leverage, along with HLs per brewery as an indicator of brewery productivity and attendant capacity utilization.",
    "output": "[Cause] use cost of goods sold per hectoliter as an indicator for procurement leverage, along with HLs per brewery as an indicator of brewery productivity and attendant capacity utilization [Relation] enable [Effect] more quantitatively orient our thoughts regarding the company's cost positioning",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Additionally, as it moves into new middleweight and small displacement product categories in an attempt to offset domestic declines, it risks the inability to market properly to a new consumer base.",
    "output": "[Cause] moves into new middleweight and small displacement product categories in an attempt to offset domestic declines [Relation] cause [Effect] risks the inability to market properly to a new consumer base",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
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  {
    "input": "Additionally, as it moves into new middleweight and small displacement product categories in an attempt to offset domestic declines, it risks the inability to market properly to a new consumer base.",
    "output": "[Cause] moving into new middleweight and small displacement product categories [Relation] cause [Effect] risks the inability to market properly to a new consumer base",
    "gold": 0,
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    "cosine": 1.402963399887085,
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  {
    "input": "Although customers outline the specific flavor and fragrance profiles they are looking to achieve, the resulting intellectual property developed by International Flavors &amp; Fragrances stays with the company. This establishes valuable intangible assets that allow IFF to generate economic profit over the life cycle of the products in which the proprietary formulations are used.",
    "output": "[Cause] customers outline the specific flavor and fragrance profiles they are looking to achieve [Relation] enable [Effect] resulting intellectual property developed by International Flavors & Fragrances stays with the company",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3763518333435059,
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  {
    "input": "We also think the company's global reach will continue to resonate, and its already strong presence within rapidly growing emerging markets to expand further.",
    "output": "[Cause] its already strong presence within rapidly growing emerging markets [Relation] enable [Effect] expand further",
    "gold": 0,
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    "cosine": 1.4105385541915894,
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  {
    "input": "And, in an effort to offset hefty raw material inflation (which management now pegs at $900 million to $1.1 billion in fiscal 2021, up from $450 million to $600 million prior), Kimberly plans to raise prices across its mix at mid- to high-single-digit rates beginning in late June.",
    "output": "[Cause] hefty raw material inflation [Relation] offset [Effect] Kimberly plans to raise prices across its mix at mid- to high-single-digit rates",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3426437973976135,
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  {
    "input": "Slack offers a freemium model and caters to companies of all sizes, which means revenue is concentrated among the largest customers.",
    "output": "[Cause] Slack offers a freemium model and caters to companies of all sizes [Relation] cause [Effect] revenue is concentrated among the largest customers",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.4676902890205383,
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  {
    "input": "Beginning in 1998 as a roll-up of auto salvage companies in the fragmented North American market, LKQ quickly grew its operations through more than 280 acquisitions and by increasing its market penetration with an ever-expanding catalog.",
    "output": "[Cause] roll-up of auto salvage companies in the fragmented North American market [Relation] enable [Effect] LKQ quickly grew its operations through more than 280 acquisitions and by increasing its market penetration with an ever-expanding catalog",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3559753894805908,
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  {
    "input": "We attribute AMN's network effect to its traditional staffing business, with its crux in AMN's primary business: the staffing of long-term and temporary nurses across several specialties, to a plethora of leading healthcare providers.",
    "output": "[Cause] staffing of long-term and temporary nurses across several specialties to a plethora of leading healthcare providers [Relation] enable [Effect] AMN's network effect",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.403408706188202,
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  {
    "input": "Still, we think the greatest margin improvement will come from gross margin expansion as the company grows out of relatively new discounted subscription contracts and also depends proportionally less on its low-margin services business.",
    "output": "[Cause] the company grows out of relatively new discounted subscription contracts and also depends proportionally less on its low-margin services business [Relation] cause [Effect] gross margin expansion",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.1062315702438354,
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  {
    "input": "This is particularly true in searching for general information, because it is still a necessity, and Baidu has a dominant market share of over 70% in search.",
    "output": "[Cause] Baidu has a dominant market share of over 70% in search [Relation] cause [Effect] This is particularly true in searching for general information, because it is still a necessity",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4401826858520508,
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  {
    "input": "This means oil price volatility leads to short-term volatility in revenue, as Viper is paid a percentage of what the operator obtains.",
    "output": "[Cause] oil price volatility [Relation] cause [Effect] short-term volatility in revenue",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.2352573871612549,
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  {
    "input": "Our volume forecast is muted by the emergence of cheaper suppliers in lower-cost labor countries; however, Canopy's production expansion into Colombia and Lesotho helps protect its share.",
    "output": "[Cause] emergence of cheaper suppliers in lower-cost labor countries [Relation] cause [Effect] muted volume forecast",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4821768999099731,
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  {
    "input": "Our volume forecast is muted by the emergence of cheaper suppliers in lower-cost labor countries; however, Canopy's production expansion into Colombia and Lesotho helps protect its share.",
    "output": "[Cause] emergence of cheaper suppliers in lower-cost labor countries [Relation] inhibit [Effect] muted volume forecast",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
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    "pred": 0
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  {
    "input": "With a significant portion of annual revenue generated by management fees levied on AUM, dramatic market movements or changes in fund flows can have a meaningful impact on operating profits and cash flows.",
    "output": "[Cause] dramatic market movements or changes in fund flows [Relation] cause [Effect] can have a meaningful impact on operating profits and cash flows",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.2935621738433838,
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  {
    "input": "By concentrating purchases, Five Below becomes more valuable to its vendors while ensuring the volume needed to hold per-item shipping and logistics costs down, creating further fuel to feed the chain's value-oriented message.",
    "output": "[Cause] By concentrating purchases [Relation] enable [Effect] Five Below becomes more valuable to its vendors | ensuring the volume needed to hold per-item shipping and logistics costs down | creating further fuel to feed the chain's value-oriented message",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3637793064117432,
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  {
    "input": "By concentrating purchases, Five Below becomes more valuable to its vendors while ensuring the volume needed to hold per-item shipping and logistics costs down, creating further fuel to feed the chain's value-oriented message.",
    "output": "[Cause] By concentrating purchases [Relation] enable [Effect] Five Below becomes more valuable to its vendors",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3036497235298157,
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  {
    "input": "As Church & Dwight continues to purchase leading brands to capture market share, we worry it will extend itself too far into categories with which it is not as familiar.",
    "output": "[Cause] Church & Dwight continues to purchase leading brands to capture market share [Relation] cause [Effect] it will extend itself too far into categories with which it is not as familiar",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.4999999403953552,
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  {
    "input": "In directional drilling, for example, National Oilwell has focused on downhole drilling motors, which the other integrated-services companies years ago de-emphasized owing to the increasing competitiveness and lower margins.",
    "output": "[Cause] the other integrated-services companies de-emphasized downhole drilling motors [Relation] enable [Effect] National Oilwell has focused on downhole drilling motors",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "As potash prices recover, we forecast Mosaic's production will eventually rise to 12 million metric tons, with all incremental volumes coming from the low-cost K3 potash mine.",
    "output": "[Cause] potash prices recover [Relation] enable [Effect] Mosaic's production will eventually rise to 12 million metric tons",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.475556194782257,
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  {
    "input": "This dynamic tends to keep spinal surgeons loyal to Medtronic's products, as long as the company does not fall too far behind its competitors when it comes to introducing new technology.",
    "output": "[Cause] Medtronic's products [Relation] enable [Effect] spinal surgeons loyal",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.355919361114502,
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  {
    "input": "Hanes owns factories in Latin America and the Caribbean and can produce basic apparel at least as efficiently as others because it has the greatest volume.",
    "output": "[Cause] Hanes owns factories in Latin America and the Caribbean and has the greatest volume [Relation] enable [Effect] can produce basic apparel at least as efficiently as others",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4283149242401123,
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  {
    "input": "Biosimilars (follow-on versions of branded biologics) are associated with significantly higher costs of manufacturing, clinical trials, and marketing than traditional small-molecule generics, and therefore have not had as dramatic an impact on branded drug sales at launch.",
    "output": "[Cause] significantly higher costs of manufacturing, clinical trials, and marketing than traditional small-molecule generics [Relation] cause [Effect] Biosimilars have not had as dramatic an impact on branded drug sales at launch",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3906338214874268,
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  {
    "input": "While we think new competitors could enter through the e-commerce channel, in our opinion they would be limited to operating in few and particular categories because of the prohibitive shipping costs numerous products entail.",
    "output": "[Cause] prohibitive shipping costs numerous products entail [Relation] prevent [Effect] new competitors would be limited to operating in few and particular categories",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "We anticipate the pandemic will also support an uptick in demand for heart-lung machines, associated consumables, and the TandemLife extracorporeal membrane oxygenation machines that will partially offset the neuromodulation decline.",
    "output": "[Cause] the pandemic [Relation] support | partially offset [Effect] an uptick in demand for heart-lung machines, associated consumables, and the TandemLife extracorporeal membrane oxygenation machines",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "With the majority of its linerboard and medium constructed from virgin fiber, WestRock faces the risk that softwood chip prices could increase substantially, forcing virgin fiber manufacturers to live with tighter margins to remain cost-competitive with recycled manufacturers.",
    "output": "[Cause] softwood chip prices could increase substantially [Relation] cause [Effect] forcing virgin fiber manufacturers to live with tighter margins to remain cost-competitive with recycled manufacturers",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.2954705357551575,
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  {
    "input": "With the majority of its linerboard and medium constructed from virgin fiber, WestRock faces the risk that softwood chip prices could increase substantially, forcing virgin fiber manufacturers to live with tighter margins to remain cost-competitive with recycled manufacturers.",
    "output": "[Cause] the risk that softwood chip prices could increase substantially [Relation] cause [Effect] forcing virgin fiber manufacturers to live with tighter margins to remain cost-competitive with recycled manufacturers",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "The registration process serves as a barrier to entry for would-be competitors: Even if they were to enter the market, they would have to disrupt sticky business relationships that Balchem enjoys due to its reputation as a reliable supplier.",
    "output": "[Cause] The registration process serves as a barrier to entry for would-be competitors [Relation] cause [Effect] they would have to disrupt sticky business relationships that Balchem enjoys due to its reputation as a reliable supplier",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4622673988342285,
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  {
    "input": "As economic conditions recover, we think KCS has slightly higher volume growth potential (albeit with higher risk) through its cross-border exposure to Mexico, including Mexican energy reform shipments (inbound refined products).",
    "output": "[Cause] economic conditions recover [Relation] enable [Effect] KCS has slightly higher volume growth potential through its cross-border exposure to Mexico, including Mexican energy reform shipments (inbound refined products)",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4922622442245483,
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  {
    "input": "While we continue to expect strong growth through 2021 due to the ongoing COVID-19 crisis, we also assume Qiagen's results return to more normalized levels beyond that.",
    "output": "[Cause] ongoing COVID-19 crisis [Relation] enable [Effect] strong growth through 2021",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 0.7192601561546326,
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  {
    "input": "Repair shops often require delivery of purchased components within less than an hour of placing an order, creating a last-mile delivery expectation that is difficult to meet without an extensive store and warehouse network.",
    "output": "[Cause] Repair shops often require delivery of purchased components within less than an hour of placing an order [Relation] cause [Effect] creating a last-mile delivery expectation that is difficult to meet without an extensive store and warehouse network",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.1920965909957886,
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  {
    "input": "With SolidWorks being considered the industry standard for many of its solutions, specifically within product manufacturing, universities are convinced to continue teaching the software in its programs, which drives firms to continue using this industry standard, causing universities to continue to teach the software in their technical curriculums.",
    "output": "[Cause] SolidWorks being considered the industry standard for many solutions within product manufacturing [Relation] cause [Effect] universities are convinced to continue teaching the software in their programs",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.461246132850647,
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  {
    "input": "With SolidWorks being considered the industry standard for many of its solutions, specifically within product manufacturing, universities are convinced to continue teaching the software in its programs, which drives firms to continue using this industry standard, causing universities to continue to teach the software in their technical curriculums.",
    "output": "[Cause] SolidWorks being considered the industry standard for many of its solutions [Relation] cause [Effect] universities are convinced to continue teaching the software in their programs",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Led by 6% growth in China, 36% digital growth, and solid sales in Europe, the firm outperformed our sales and earnings estimates in the third quarter.",
    "output": "[Cause] 6% growth in China, 36% digital growth, and solid sales in Europe [Relation] cause [Effect] the firm outperformed our sales and earnings estimates in the third quarter",
    "gold": 1,
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    "cosine": 1.469394564628601,
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  {
    "input": "As Tyler continues to benefit from larger deals, we believe it will bump into the larger horizontal software companies more frequently.",
    "output": "[Cause] Tyler continues to benefit from larger deals [Relation] effect [Effect] Tyler will bump into the larger horizontal software companies more frequently",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "We expect Magellan to continue to benefit from a stable environment for its refined product footprint over the long run, which will serve as the cash cow for its investments in crude oil pipelines and other investments as opportunities arise.",
    "output": "[Cause] a stable environment for its refined product footprint over the long run [Relation] enable [Effect] Magellan to continue to benefit",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "BB&T was the larger of the two franchises, and we see material cost savings and therefore operating improvements from the merger.",
    "output": "[Cause] BB&T was the larger of the two franchises [Relation] cause [Effect] material cost savings and therefore operating improvements from the merger",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Julius Baer has a premium brand in the market, a diverse range of products and an excellent reputation with clients, this enables Julius Baer to retain and attract the best relationship managers.",
    "output": "[Cause] premium brand in the market, a diverse range of products, excellent reputation with clients [Relation] enable [Effect] enable Julius Baer to retain and attract the best relationship managers",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "With its broad domestic manufacturing and distribution network, we posit that Campbell operates with lower unit and distribution costs, as well as greater supply chain efficiency and an enhanced ability to leverage brand spending, than smaller peers.",
    "output": "[Cause] broad domestic manufacturing and distribution network [Relation] enable [Effect] lower unit and distribution costs, greater supply chain efficiency, enhanced ability to leverage brand spending",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "With its broad domestic manufacturing and distribution network, we posit that Campbell operates with lower unit and distribution costs, as well as greater supply chain efficiency and an enhanced ability to leverage brand spending, than smaller peers.",
    "output": "[Cause] broad domestic manufacturing and distribution network [Relation] enable [Effect] lower unit and distribution costs, greater supply chain efficiency, enhanced ability to leverage brand spending",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "We forecast revenue will rebound about 25% in 2021 as the parks business bounces back and the delayed Olympics helps fuel a resurgence in ad sales.",
    "output": "[Cause] the parks business bounces back and the delayed Olympics helps fuel a resurgence in ad sales [Relation] enable [Effect] revenue will rebound about 25% in 2021",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "However, this remains a remote possibility, as there is no indication that this is a priority for the current administration, and legislative goals are focused elsewhere.",
    "output": "[Cause] no indication that this is a priority for the current administration, and legislative goals are focused elsewhere. [Relation] prevent [Effect] this remains a remote possibility",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Such transitions are not easy and tend to pressure near-term results, but we think the company is about at the trough, and operating improvement should follow over the next several years.",
    "output": "[Cause] Such transitions [Relation] cause [Effect] pressure near-term results",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "However, Nasdaq can generate associated revenue from its trading business through the use of its intangible assets to sell data, listing services, and licenses for its indexes.",
    "output": "[Cause] Nasdaq's intangible assets [Relation] enable [Effect] generate associated revenue from its trading business through the use of its intangible assets to sell data, listing services, and licenses for its indexes",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "CenterPoint Energy's regulated utilities have significant investment opportunities, but Enable Midstream Partners LP's earnings remain under pressure due to the impact of COVID-19 on the global economy and the reduction in oil prices.",
    "output": "[Cause] the impact of COVID-19 on the global economy and the reduction in oil prices [Relation] cause [Effect] Enable Midstream Partners LP's earnings remain under pressure",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.5,
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  {
    "input": "We expect Robert Half to increase permanent placements by providing employers access to its deep bench of highly skilled professionals.",
    "output": "[Cause] providing employers access to its deep bench of highly skilled professionals [Relation] enable [Effect] Robert Half to increase permanent placements",
    "gold": 1,
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    "cosine": 1.500000238418579,
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  {
    "input": "Dish now holds a well-diversified portfolio of spectrum assets that would nicely support the offering of wireless service, but no network to utilize that spectrum nor the financial resources to build one on its own.",
    "output": "[Cause] Dish holds a well-diversified portfolio of spectrum assets [Relation] cause [Effect] no network to utilize that spectrum nor the financial resources to build one on its own",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.2189148664474487,
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  {
    "input": "Alnylam Pharmaceuticals is a pioneer in designing therapeutics based on RNA interference, a mechanism that occurs naturally in cells and silences overexpressed genes, which often cause protein misfolding and/or protein accumulation.",
    "output": "[Cause] designing therapeutics based on RNA interference, a mechanism that occurs naturally in cells and silences overexpressed genes [Relation] enable [Effect] Alnylam Pharmaceuticals is a pioneer",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "We think the network effect is strongest on the MercadoLibre platform (where 90% of the listings are fixed price) and believe this key competitive advantage is enough to set the firm apart from competition, making it difficult for rivals to poach customers.",
    "output": "[Cause] the network effect is strongest on the MercadoLibre platform [Relation] enable [Effect] key competitive advantage is enough to set the firm apart from competition, making it difficult for rivals to poach customers",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "With Lazard deriving half of its revenue from financial advisory and half from asset management, the company's revenue and earnings can be cyclical.",
    "output": "[Cause] Lazard deriving half of its revenue from financial advisory and half from asset management [Relation] cause [Effect] the company's revenue and earnings can be cyclical",
    "gold": 1,
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  {
    "input": "Coupa should benefit from operating leverage, and we expect expansion in GAAP operating margin from negative 31% in fiscal 2021 to negative 9% in fiscal 2026.",
    "output": "[Cause] operating leverage [Relation] enable [Effect] expansion in GAAP operating margin from negative 31% in fiscal 2021 to negative 9% in fiscal 2026",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "We think a more realistic estimate of Paylocity's current TAM is $12 billion, as most companies will not adopt all of the applications Paylocity offers.",
    "output": "[Cause] most companies will not adopt all of the applications Paylocity offers [Relation] cause [Effect] a more realistic estimate of Paylocity's current TAM is $12 billion",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.4999998807907104,
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  {
    "input": "WW's studio business has been negatively impacted by COVID-19-related changes in consumer behavior, which will likely result in a reduction in the number of WW studios.",
    "output": "[Cause] COVID-19-related changes in consumer behavior [Relation] cause [Effect] negatively impacted WW's studio business",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Given China's fast food penetration rate is still low compared with that in more developed countries, we see Yum China accelerating unit openings with new restaurant formats at lower-tier cities, resulting in operational efficiencies that can unlock future margin expansion.",
    "output": "[Cause] China's fast food penetration rate is still low compared with that in more developed countries [Relation] cause [Effect] Yum China accelerating unit openings with new restaurant formats at lower-tier cities",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.5000001192092896,
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  {
    "input": "Given China's fast food penetration rate is still low compared with that in more developed countries, we see Yum China accelerating unit openings with new restaurant formats at lower-tier cities, resulting in operational efficiencies that can unlock future margin expansion.",
    "output": "[Cause] China's fast food penetration rate is still low compared with that in more developed countries [Relation] enable [Effect] Yum China accelerating unit openings with new restaurant formats at lower-tier cities",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.2978567481040955,
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  {
    "input": "We believe that Enbridge's broad network of midstream assets and geographic diversification will serve it well in the low oil and gas price environment, and crude and natural gas pipeline expansions in growing regions will fuel EBITDA growth.",
    "output": "[Cause] Enbridge's broad network of midstream assets and geographic diversification [Relation] cause [Effect] will serve it well in the low oil and gas price environment",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3107502460479736,
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  {
    "input": "As the firm's platforms match individuals seeking relationships with other individuals, they require individuals to submit a lot of personal information.",
    "output": "[Cause] the firm's platforms match individuals seeking relationships with other individuals [Relation] cause [Effect] they require individuals to submit a lot of personal information",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.5,
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  {
    "input": "Eaton's products mostly compete in the differentiated portions of its end markets, which we think reduces the risk of commoditization.",
    "output": "[Cause] Eaton's products mostly compete in the differentiated portions of its end markets [Relation] cause [Effect] reduces the risk of commoditization",
    "gold": 1,
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    "tag": "em",
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  {
    "input": "Given this deal will cover network that contributes to around 80% of 5G network expenditure, this could be quite significant although savings will reduce as more traffic is put on the network as capacity related capital expenditures savings will be much smaller than coverage related savings.",
    "output": "[Cause] network that contributes to around 80% of 5G network expenditure [Relation] cause [Effect] savings will reduce as more traffic is put on the network as capacity-related capital expenditure savings will be much smaller than coverage-related savings",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "The applied water segment benefits from similar industry dynamics as water infrastructure, as it also manufactures equipment that performs vital functions. This leads to relatively high switching costs, as any plant downtime can be extremely costly for industrial and commercial customers.",
    "output": "[Cause] manufactures equipment that performs vital functions [Relation] enable [Effect] leads to relatively high switching costs",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "In that scenario, we'd expect Group 1 to benefit from extra service work for recalled vehicles paid for by the automaker, thus mass recalls could actually be a net positive for a dealer.",
    "output": "[Cause] extra service work for recalled vehicles paid for by the automaker [Relation] enable [Effect] Group 1 to benefit from",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3211486339569092,
    "pred": 0
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  {
    "input": "Eni's latest strategy to achieve carbon neutrality in 2050 rests on three pillars: decarbonization, diversification, and what it calls flexibility and resiliency.",
    "output": "[Cause] Eni's latest strategy to achieve carbon neutrality in 2050 [Relation] enable [Effect] decarbonization, diversification, flexibility and resiliency",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4586583375930786,
    "pred": 1
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  {
    "input": "While an increased focus on diagnostics due to the coronavirus pandemic could be a tailwind, direct competition is likely to increase to meet this rising demand, and Bio-Rad may not benefit meaningfully from this trend despite a growing market.",
    "output": "[Cause] increased focus on diagnostics due to the coronavirus pandemic [Relation] cause [Effect] direct competition is likely to increase to meet this rising demand",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.2592880725860596,
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  {
    "input": "While an increased focus on diagnostics due to the coronavirus pandemic could be a tailwind, direct competition is likely to increase to meet this rising demand, and Bio-Rad may not benefit meaningfully from this trend despite a growing market.",
    "output": "[Cause] increased focus on diagnostics due to the coronavirus pandemic [Relation] cause [Effect] direct competition is likely to increase to meet this rising demand",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.198767364025116,
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  {
    "input": "In addition, the risk of wide-body aircraft order cancellations, early retirements and reduced flight hours negatively affect the in-service fleet size and aftermarket margins.",
    "output": "[Cause] the risk of wide-body aircraft order cancellations, early retirements, and reduced flight hours [Relation] cause [Effect] negatively affect the in-service fleet size and aftermarket margins",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4013795852661133,
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  {
    "input": "While Simon's revenue is somewhat protected by long-term leases, we see retailer bankruptcies causing a significant drop in occupancy and Simon being forced to offer rent concessions to keep others afloat.",
    "output": "[Cause] retailer bankruptcies [Relation] cause [Effect] a significant drop in occupancy",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.5,
    "pred": 1
  },
  {
    "input": "While Simon's revenue is somewhat protected by long-term leases, we see retailer bankruptcies causing a significant drop in occupancy and Simon being forced to offer rent concessions to keep others afloat.",
    "output": "[Cause] retailer bankruptcies [Relation] cause [Effect] significant drop in occupancy",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 0.8497538864612579,
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  {
    "input": "We project Telus to grow its mobile phone subscriber base by about 2% annually, but we think more aggressive competition will limit ARPU growth to less than 1% annually during that span.",
    "output": "[Cause] more aggressive competition [Relation] prevent [Effect] limit ARPU growth to less than 1% annually",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4681686758995056,
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  {
    "input": "This is because shippers desire efficient access to the small carrier base throughout the cycle and the broader trucking industry will continue to face periodic growth constraints due to the constrained driver pool.",
    "output": "[Cause] shippers desire efficient access to the small carrier base throughout the cycle [Relation] cause [Effect] the broader trucking industry will continue to face periodic growth constraints due to the constrained driver pool",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.374650478363037,
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  {
    "input": "Bancorp is not large enough to be considered a global systemically important bank and therefore avoids some of the more onerous regulatory capital requirements.",
    "output": "[Cause] Bancorp is not large enough to be considered a global systemically important bank [Relation] enable [Effect] avoids some of the more onerous regulatory capital requirements",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.4354133009910583,
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  {
    "input": "Second, although a strong relationship with a dispensary worker could provide an advantage, we think they would be loyal to whoever last paid them, requiring significant marketing expense to maintain the relationship and eroding economic profit.",
    "output": "[Cause] a strong relationship with a dispensary worker [Relation] cause [Effect] requiring significant marketing expense to maintain the relationship and eroding economic profit",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3145647644996643,
    "pred": 0
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  {
    "input": "Second, although a strong relationship with a dispensary worker could provide an advantage, we think they would be loyal to whoever last paid them, requiring significant marketing expense to maintain the relationship and eroding economic profit.",
    "output": "[Cause] a strong relationship with a dispensary worker [Relation] cause [Effect] requiring significant marketing expense to maintain the relationship and eroding economic profit",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.2242642641067505,
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  {
    "input": "Both IP and ITT's connect and control technologies segment, or CCT, should increasingly create shareholder value as management furthers lean improvements.",
    "output": "[Cause] management furthers lean improvements [Relation] enable [Effect] Both IP and ITT's connect and control technologies segment, or CCT, should increasingly create shareholder value",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.487585723400116,
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  {
    "input": "In Avery's LGM business, we expect margins to come under pressure in the long run, falling gradually toward 12% as competition erodes the profitability of less differentiated label and graphic products.",
    "output": "[Cause] competition erodes the profitability of less differentiated label and graphic products [Relation] cause [Effect] margins to come under pressure in the long run, falling gradually toward 12%",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.4650017023086548,
    "pred": 1
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  {
    "input": "Most online grocery shopping still comes from a neighborhood grocery store, since these stores are conveniently located near end consumers.",
    "output": "[Cause] neighborhood grocery stores conveniently located near end consumers [Relation] enable [Effect] Most online grocery shopping still comes from a neighborhood grocery store",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4113866090774536,
    "pred": 0
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  {
    "input": "With oil prices crashing, the firm doesn't have much near-term cash flow potential from any of its product streams, which resulted in a major sell-off.",
    "output": "[Cause] oil prices crashing [Relation] cause [Effect] the firm doesn't have much near-term cash flow potential from any of its product streams",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.5000001192092896,
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  {
    "input": "With oil prices crashing, the firm doesn't have much near-term cash flow potential from any of its product streams, which resulted in a major sell-off.",
    "output": "[Cause] oil prices crashing [Relation] cause [Effect] the firm doesn't have much near-term cash flow potential from any of its product streams",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3254855871200562,
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  {
    "input": "Over the last two decades, Edwards Lifesciences has demonstrated that it knows how to maintain leadership through innovation of tissue heart valves.",
    "output": "[Cause] Edwards Lifesciences knows how to maintain leadership through innovation of tissue heart valves [Relation] enable [Effect] Over the last two decades, Edwards Lifesciences has demonstrated leadership",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.471645474433899,
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  {
    "input": "Additionally, biopharma consolidation could result in periods of disruption as a newly merged company may deprioritize some early-stage work or freeze trials while weighing integration strategy.",
    "output": "[Cause] biopharma consolidation [Relation] cause [Effect] periods of disruption",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.269899845123291,
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  {
    "input": "Moaty operators in our coverage tend to generate superior returns on invested capital, boast comparable sales outperformance relative to peers, and frequently generate compelling store-level economics, resulting in heightened franchisee interest and unit growth.",
    "output": "[Cause] Moaty operators tend to generate superior returns on invested capital; boast comparable sales outperformance relative to peers; frequently generate compelling store-level economics [Relation] cause [Effect] heightened franchisee interest and unit growth",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4696204662322998,
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  {
    "input": "In the next 10 years, we expect operating margins to increase from 2021's 17.4% to 19%, driven primarily by improvements in the international segments.",
    "output": "[Cause] improvements in the international segments [Relation] cause [Effect] operating margins to increase from 2021's 17.4% to 19%",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.4660154581069946,
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  {
    "input": "Air travel customers are generally price-sensitive, so carbon taxes or other regulations that force consumers to pay for the carbon side effects of travel would likely reduce aircraft demand.",
    "output": "[Cause] carbon taxes or other regulations that force consumers to pay for the carbon side effects of travel [Relation] cause [Effect] likely reduce aircraft demand",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.428310215473175,
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  {
    "input": "We believe that HPE is a benefactor of enterprises spending on hybrid cloud environments, edge computing, and all-flash array storage; however, we expect market competitors in the industry-standard server and storage businesses to inhibit HPE's long-term operating performance.",
    "output": "[Cause] enterprises spending on hybrid cloud environments, edge computing, and all-flash array storage [Relation] enable [Effect] HPE is a benefactor",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.1070014834403992,
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  {
    "input": "We forecast that the coronavirus crisis will cause a 30% drop in its revenue in 2020 and a huge operating loss.",
    "output": "[Cause] the coronavirus crisis [Relation] cause [Effect] a 30% drop in revenue in 2020 and a huge operating loss",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4940706491470337,
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  {
    "input": "Though the probability is very remote, a devastating accident like the BP Macondo disaster in 2010 could have a material adverse impact on APA (which could be forced to cover cleanup costs and perhaps face other legal repercussions).",
    "output": "[Cause] a devastating accident like the BP Macondo disaster in 2010 [Relation] cause [Effect] a material adverse impact on APA (which could be forced to cover cleanup costs and perhaps face other legal repercussions)",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4311286807060242,
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  {
    "input": "We think CoreSite's smaller footprint gives it greater opportunity for operating leverage, and, after a dip in the near term due to higher real estate rents and taxes, we project adjusted EBITDA margin to rise about 600 basis points between 2020 and 2030, to about 60%.",
    "output": "[Cause] CoreSite's smaller footprint gives it greater opportunity for operating leverage [Relation] cause [Effect] projected adjusted EBITDA margin to rise about 600 basis points between 2020 and 2030, to about 60%",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.39546400308609,
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  {
    "input": "As such, during the early 1990s, the company was protected on the basis of its patent portfolio, which shielded the company from direct competition in cellulose-reinforced fibre cement products.",
    "output": "[Cause] the company was protected on the basis of its patent portfolio [Relation] enable [Effect] shielded the company from direct competition in cellulose-reinforced fibre cement products",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.1192086935043335,
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  {
    "input": "With output per employee nearly tripling since 1990, bringing antiquated capacity on line comes with substantially higher cash costs, which in turn drives significant price appreciation.",
    "output": "[Cause] bringing antiquated capacity on line comes with substantially higher cash costs [Relation] cause [Effect] drives significant price appreciation",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3348969221115112,
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  {
    "input": "With output per employee nearly tripling since 1990, bringing antiquated capacity on line comes with substantially higher cash costs, which in turn drives significant price appreciation.",
    "output": "[Cause] bringing antiquated capacity online [Relation] cause [Effect] substantially higher cash costs",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4150639772415161,
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  {
    "input": "Network service providers would be loath to build up a replica in another location as long as existing locations meet their needs because of the time and expense of connecting their networks to new buildings.",
    "output": "[Cause] existing locations meet their needs [Relation] prevent [Effect] Network service providers would be loath to build up a replica in another location",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3908263444900513,
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  {
    "input": "Despite this, we believe the normalized gross margin should continue to trend up, as we expect scale, utilization rates and cost efficiencies will continue to improve in the longer term.",
    "output": "[Cause] scale, utilization rates, and cost efficiencies will continue to improve [Relation] enable [Effect] normalized gross margin should continue to trend up",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3908748626708984,
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  {
    "input": "Before the merger, both businesses have done a solid job refreshing their product portfolios, and we believe that the combination will result in a broader portfolio of complementary products and solutions that will solidify Ingersoll-Rand's competitive position.",
    "output": "[Cause] both businesses have done a solid job refreshing their product portfolios [Relation] enable, strengthen [Effect] combination will result in a broader portfolio of complementary products and solutions",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3417787551879883,
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  {
    "input": "Before the merger, both businesses have done a solid job refreshing their product portfolios, and we believe that the combination will result in a broader portfolio of complementary products and solutions that will solidify Ingersoll-Rand's competitive position.",
    "output": "[Cause] both businesses have done a solid job refreshing their product portfolios [Relation] enable [Effect] the combination will result in a broader portfolio of complementary products and solutions that will solidify Ingersoll-Rand's competitive position",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.233332872390747,
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  {
    "input": "The barrier is higher relative to metasearch in that it takes time to gather reviews after you have constructed the metasearch platform.",
    "output": "[Cause] it takes time to gather reviews after you have constructed the metasearch platform [Relation] cause [Effect] The barrier is higher relative to metasearch",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.5000001192092896,
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  {
    "input": "Reckitt does not disclose its marketing costs, but we estimate it at around 14% of sales, and its R&D expenditure of around 2% of sales in 2020 implies that it is spending less on customer acquisition than its competitors.",
    "output": "[Cause] Reckitt is spending less on customer acquisition than its competitors [Relation] cause [Effect] marketing costs estimated at around 14% of sales, R&D expenditure of around 2% of sales in 2020",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.2663294672966003,
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  {
    "input": "Globally, Hilton has large scale, with midsingle digit share of existing industry rooms, which is set to expand further given the company's roughly 20% room share of the industry's pipeline under construction.",
    "output": "[Cause] Hilton has large scale, with midsingle digit share of existing industry rooms [Relation] cause [Effect] set to expand further given the company's roughly 20% room share of the industry's pipeline under construction",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Finally, the risk of a water shortage would have limited financial impact for Heineken, as we estimate it represents a low-single-digit percentage of cost of goods sold.",
    "output": "[Cause] the risk of a water shortage [Relation] mitigate [Effect] limited financial impact for Heineken",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
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    "input": "Finally, the risk of a water shortage would have limited financial impact for Heineken, as we estimate it represents a low-single-digit percentage of cost of goods sold.",
    "output": "[Cause] the risk of a water shortage [Relation] cause [Effect] limited financial impact for Heineken",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Would-be entrants are fended off by the steep barrier to entry formed by the need to obtain contiguous rights of way on which to lay continuously welded steel rail spanning a significant portion of North America.",
    "output": "[Cause] the need to obtain contiguous rights of way on which to lay continuously welded steel rail [Relation] prevent [Effect] Would-be entrants are fended off by the steep barrier to entry",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.1426455974578857,
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  {
    "input": "Would-be entrants are fended off by the steep barrier to entry formed by the need to obtain contiguous rights of way on which to lay continuously welded steel rail spanning a significant portion of North America.",
    "output": "[Cause] the steep barrier to entry formed by the need to obtain contiguous rights of way on which to lay continuously welded steel rail spanning a significant portion of North America [Relation] prevent [Effect] Would-be entrants are fended off",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.455263614654541,
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  {
    "input": "If recalls or product failure were to become a regular event, current surgeons loyal to Smith & Nephew may consider switching to another company's implants and instrumentation.",
    "output": "[Cause] recalls or product failure becoming a regular event [Relation] cause [Effect] current surgeons loyal to Smith & Nephew may consider switching to another company's implants and instrumentation",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4929262399673462,
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  {
    "input": "Also, once customers are comfortable with a product, they are unlikely to change lenses for a minor improvement or small reduction in price.",
    "output": "[Cause] customers are comfortable with a product [Relation] cause [Effect] they are unlikely to change lenses for a minor improvement or small reduction in price",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.500000238418579,
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  {
    "input": "The asset integration prevents another third party from extracting rents by owning an asset that is part of the route to the most profitable market.",
    "output": "[Cause] asset integration [Relation] prevent [Effect] prevents another third party from extracting rents by owning an asset that is part of the route to the most profitable market",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4699621200561523,
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  {
    "input": "With increasingly complex enterprise IT infrastructures, businesses need to think twice before switching databases, which are interconnected to many systems across a business, thus requiring much time and money for reintegration.",
    "output": "[Cause] databases are interconnected to many systems across a business and enterprise IT infrastructures are increasingly complex [Relation] cause [Effect] businesses need to think twice before switching databases",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.1493120193481445,
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  {
    "input": "With increasingly complex enterprise IT infrastructures, businesses need to think twice before switching databases, which are interconnected to many systems across a business, thus requiring much time and money for reintegration.",
    "output": "[Cause] interconnected databases to many systems across a business [Relation] cause [Effect] requiring much time and money for reintegration",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
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  {
    "input": "With increasingly complex enterprise IT infrastructures, businesses need to think twice before switching databases, which are interconnected to many systems across a business, thus requiring much time and money for reintegration.",
    "output": "[Cause] increasingly complex enterprise IT infrastructures [Relation] cause [Effect] businesses need to think twice before switching databases",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.467423915863037,
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  {
    "input": "We believe it will be challenging to obtain management's five-year outlook for 20%-30% compound average annual revenue growth in light of the fierce competition, potential decline of overall (elective) volumes in the weaker environment, and friction to convert the remaining orthodontics from traditional wire and bracket.",
    "output": "[Cause] fierce competition, potential decline of overall (elective) volumes in the weaker environment, friction to convert the remaining orthodontics from traditional wire and bracket [Relation] cause [Effect] challenging to obtain management's five-year outlook for 20%-30% compound average annual revenue growth",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4796638488769531,
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  {
    "input": "To meet demand, higher cost supply will need to come online from lower quality resources that will require higher processing costs.",
    "output": "[Cause] higher cost supply will need to come online from lower quality resources [Relation] cause [Effect] require higher processing costs",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4442187547683716,
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  {
    "input": "To meet demand, higher cost supply will need to come online from lower quality resources that will require higher processing costs.",
    "output": "[Cause] higher cost supply will need to come online from lower quality resources [Relation] cause [Effect] require higher processing costs",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.5000001192092896,
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  {
    "input": "Hyperconverged infrastructure and software-defined networking are budding IT equipment trends as enterprises enjoy flexible scalability of their computing and storage resources.",
    "output": "[Cause] Hyperconverged infrastructure and software-defined networking are budding IT equipment trends [Relation] enable [Effect] enterprises enjoy flexible scalability of their computing and storage resources",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4466792345046997,
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  {
    "input": "Since the software sales process across the enterprise will regularly touch the IT department, ServiceNow adopted a stance early on that it would let the internal IT function sell the platform to other areas of the customer.",
    "output": "[Cause] the software sales process across the enterprise will regularly touch the IT department [Relation] enable [Effect] ServiceNow adopted a stance early on that it would let the internal IT function sell the platform to other areas of the customer",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.439932107925415,
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  {
    "input": "Coal has historically made up a larger proportion of CP's portfolio than it does for peer CN due to the former's agreement with Teck Resources to haul cost-advantaged metallurgical coal for export.",
    "output": "[Cause] CP's agreement with Teck Resources to haul cost-advantaged metallurgical coal for export [Relation] enable [Effect] Coal has historically made up a larger proportion of CP's portfolio than it does for peer CN",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.474332332611084,
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  {
    "input": "Original equipment manufacturers are willing to pay a premium to vendors for technology that differentiates automakers' vehicles, reduces vehicle weight, improves fuel efficiency, reduces emissions, improves safety, or lowers costs.",
    "output": "[Cause] technology that differentiates automakers' vehicles, reduces vehicle weight, improves fuel efficiency, reduces emissions, improves safety, or lowers costs [Relation] enable [Effect] Original equipment manufacturers are willing to pay a premium to vendors.",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4708119630813599,
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  {
    "input": "To expand its customer base beyond the data centers of hyperscale cloud providers, enterprises, service providers, and financial institutions, Arista announced its intention to expand into the campus market.",
    "output": "[Cause] Arista's intention to expand into the campus market [Relation] enable [Effect] To expand its customer base beyond the data centers of hyperscale cloud providers, enterprises, service providers, and financial institutions",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4316911697387695,
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  {
    "input": "We expect growth will level out due to tougher comparisons with prior quarters and overall decreased demand for PPE as North America approaches herd immunity.",
    "output": "[Cause] tougher comparisons with prior quarters and overall decreased demand for PPE as North America approaches herd immunity [Relation] cause [Effect] growth will level out",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.5,
    "pred": 1
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  {
    "input": "Positively within the COVID-19 crisis, Centene may benefit from the switch to social safety net programs, like Medicaid and the individual exchanges, creating uncertainty on the upside in the near term.",
    "output": "[Cause] switch to social safety net programs, like Medicaid and the individual exchanges [Relation] enable [Effect] Centene may benefit from the switch",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "We think the runaway cost of living in West Coast metros is an area of concern, given that this has the potential to push the tech industry's center of gravity away from these high-cost regions.",
    "output": "[Cause] the runaway cost of living in West Coast metros [Relation] cause [Effect] the potential to push the tech industry's center of gravity away from these high-cost regions",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4723025560379028,
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  {
    "input": "Longer term, as smartphone demand recovers, we think Qorvo's adjusted operating margins will remain in the low 30% range, in line with management's target for 30% plus adjusted operating margins.",
    "output": "[Cause] smartphone demand recovers [Relation] enable [Effect] Qorvo's adjusted operating margins will remain in the low 30% range",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.4741193652153015,
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  {
    "input": "In recent years, Norfolk renewed its commitment to pricing discipline and margin gains, particularly via precision railroading initiatives, which are driving more efficient use of locomotive assets, labor, and fuel.",
    "output": "[Cause] precision railroading initiatives driving more efficient use of locomotive assets, labor, and fuel [Relation] enable [Effect] Norfolk renewed its commitment to pricing discipline and margin gains",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3783506751060486,
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  {
    "input": "Truist has only been adding to its strength in insurance with the acquisition of Regions Insurance Group as well as multiple smaller acquisitions in 2020.",
    "output": "[Cause] the acquisition of Regions Insurance Group as well as multiple smaller acquisitions in 2020 [Relation] enable [Effect] Truist has only been adding to its strength in insurance",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.356231689453125,
    "pred": 0
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  {
    "input": "We assign Synaptics a high uncertainty rating, lowered from very high due to recent IoT acquisitions that we think will help the firm diversify its business beyond the smartphone component space.",
    "output": "[Cause] recent IoT acquisitions [Relation] enable [Effect] help the firm diversify its business beyond the smartphone component space",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 0.9909279346466064,
    "pred": 0
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  {
    "input": "Burlington can lift margins, but we believe competition, the need to keep value high (necessitating reinvestment of savings from cost leverage), and rising wages limit their potential.",
    "output": "[Cause] competition, the need to keep value high (necessitating reinvestment of savings from cost leverage), and rising wages [Relation] prevent [Effect] limit the potential for Burlington to lift margins",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.261432409286499,
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  {
    "input": "In addition, the firm could come under increased regulatory oversight if authorities decide to step up the pressure on packaged food companies to curb obesity, particularly on its home turf.",
    "output": "[Cause] authorities decide to step up the pressure on packaged food companies to curb obesity, particularly on its home turf [Relation] cause [Effect] the firm could come under increased regulatory oversight",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.474900722503662,
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  {
    "input": "The ISI Group acquisition in 2014 materially diversified Evercore's business and was an accelerant to the equities business attaining a profitable scale.",
    "output": "[Cause] The ISI Group acquisition in 2014 [Relation] cause [Effect] materially diversified Evercore's business",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4126585721969604,
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  {
    "input": "We believe that \"\"GTA Online\"\" and this stream of free content works with the franchise's well-established single-player experience to help \"\"Grand Theft Auto V\"\" effectively become an annual release. This virtual annual release effectively spreads the high development cost of the base game over several years and a larger number of sold copies.",
    "output": "[Cause] the stream of free content and the franchise's well-established single-player experience [Relation] enable [Effect] \"Grand Theft Auto V\" effectively becomes an annual release and spreads the high development cost of the base game over several years and a larger number of sold copies",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4226760864257812,
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  {
    "input": "During periods of tightening supply when air and ocean carriers tend to boost rates, Expeditors sees gross-margin compression (and thus lower net revenue growth), driven by the time lag associated with renegotiating higher capacity rates to shippers.",
    "output": "[Cause] tightening supply when air and ocean carriers tend to boost rates [Relation] cause [Effect] Expeditors sees gross-margin compression (and thus lower net revenue growth), driven by the time lag associated with renegotiating higher capacity rates to shippers",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3728597164154053,
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  {
    "input": "The products segment has built a sizable share of the public safety radio market in the United States through establishing switching costs in its offerings over the years.",
    "output": "[Cause] establishing switching costs in its offerings over the years [Relation] cause [Effect] The products segment has built a sizable share of the public safety radio market in the United States",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.4692139029502869,
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  {
    "input": "We believe the firm's high-quality assets in the country will allow growth to return to midsingle digits over the next couple years on increasing wireless market share, improved pricing, and growing penetration in the cable business.",
    "output": "[Cause] high-quality assets in the country, increasing wireless market share, improved pricing, and growing penetration in the cable business [Relation] enable [Effect] growth to return to midsingle digits over the next couple of years",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4569286108016968,
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  {
    "input": "Headquartered in Ireland, the company benefits from a lower tax rate than its peers, and we model a blended tax rate of 17% for 2021 based on the PRA acquisition.",
    "output": "[Cause] the company benefits from a lower tax rate than its peers [Relation] enable [Effect] we model a blended tax rate of 17% for 2021 based on the PRA acquisition",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3959028720855713,
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  {
    "input": "However, we believe competition in the global specialty coffee category will become more pronounced in a post-COVID-19 environment due to aggressive expansion plans from existing and emerging players and daypart expansion from quick-service restaurant chains.",
    "output": "[Cause] aggressive expansion plans from existing and emerging players and daypart expansion from quick-service restaurant chains [Relation] cause [Effect] competition in the global specialty coffee category will become more pronounced in a post-COVID-19 environment",
    "gold": 1,
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  {
    "input": "In the event of a power loss, these emergency lighting solutions must be able to automatically override any control setting and establish the appropriate illumination level in the event of a power failure. This requires that the entire lighting system and related equipment be tested to comply with code, including switches, sensors, dimmers, and energy management and bypass equipment.",
    "output": "[Cause] emergency lighting solutions must be able to automatically override any control setting and establish the appropriate illumination level in the event of a power failure [Relation] require [Effect] the entire lighting system and related equipment be tested to comply with code, including switches, sensors, dimmers, and energy management and bypass equipment",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.474569022655487,
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  {
    "input": "Estee's 2016 acquisition of Too Faced makes the firm an even more important partner in this channel, as this makeup brand has significant exposure in specialty-multi.",
    "output": "[Cause] Estee's 2016 acquisition of Too Faced [Relation] enable [Effect] makes the firm an even more important partner in this channel",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.361907958984375,
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  {
    "input": "Its previously strong brand intangible asset has been degraded by consumer trends that allowed for competition in the intimates space, as the Victoria's Secret (VS) brand failed to adapt to trends.",
    "output": "[Cause] consumer trends that allowed for competition in the intimates space [Relation] cause [Effect] the Victoria's Secret (VS) brand failed to adapt to trends",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3440669178962708,
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  {
    "input": "Its previously strong brand intangible asset has been degraded by consumer trends that allowed for competition in the intimates space, as the Victoria's Secret (VS) brand failed to adapt to trends.",
    "output": "[Cause] consumer trends that allowed for competition in the intimates space [Relation] cause [Effect] the Victoria's Secret (VS) brand failed to adapt to trends",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.1566216349601746,
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  {
    "input": "Its previously strong brand intangible asset has been degraded by consumer trends that allowed for competition in the intimates space, as the Victoria's Secret (VS) brand failed to adapt to trends.",
    "output": "[Cause] consumer trends that allowed for competition in the intimates space [Relation] cause [Effect] degradation of the previously strong brand intangible asset",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "As much of the volatility in helicopter deliveries comes from the volatile market, a large chunk of the volatility in operating earnings comes from the volatility in energy prices, so we see a prolonged oil downturn as a risk factor for the company.",
    "output": "[Cause] volatility in energy prices [Relation] cause [Effect] volatility in operating earnings",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.1574496030807495,
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  {
    "input": "Seating is one of the stickiest parts of the supplier sector since it is very difficult to take out an incumbent on a vehicle program, and automakers need suppliers that can consistently deliver high-quality seats in a just-in-time system all over the world.",
    "output": "[Cause] automakers need suppliers that can consistently deliver high-quality seats in a just-in-time system all over the world [Relation] enable [Effect] seating is one of the stickiest parts of the supplier sector",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.2088247537612915,
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  {
    "input": "Crown is limited in how quickly it can set up small cells, leaving an extended period before we think it can fully monetize its fiber.",
    "output": "[Cause] Crown is limited in how quickly it can set up small cells [Relation] cause [Effect] an extended period before we think it can fully monetize its fiber",
    "gold": 1,
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  {
    "input": "As more vendors join and add more of their solutions, the quantity of data and traffic flowing across Okta's security stack grows.",
    "output": "[Cause] more vendors join and add more of their solutions [Relation] cause [Effect] the quantity of data and traffic flowing across Okta's security stack grows",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.500000238418579,
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  {
    "input": "The company has a significant market share so the entry of a new competitor would likely be unlikely but any significant changes to the economy or market dynamics could pose a risk.",
    "output": "[Cause] the entry of a new competitor would likely be unlikely [Relation] prevent [Effect] the company has a significant market share",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "For example, Boston has maintained its strong position in drug-coated coronary stents and is developing some transcatheter mitral valve repair technologies, building on its footprint in the cardiac and vascular markets.",
    "output": "[Cause] Boston has maintained its strong position in drug-coated coronary stents and is developing some transcatheter mitral valve repair technologies, building on its footprint in the cardiac and vascular markets [Relation] enable [Effect] Boston is able to strengthen its position and expand its presence in the cardiac and vascular markets",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "The new coal-fired power pricing framework shifts to the \"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"base+floating\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\" mechanism, which will be likely to reduce volatility in margins for coal-power producers.",
    "output": "[Cause] The new coal-fired power pricing framework shifts to the \"base+floating\" mechanism [Relation] cause [Effect] likely to reduce volatility in margins for coal-power producers",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "While Accenture has stressed its desire to rely less on commoditized outsourcing, we think that this could pose risks to Accenture's familiarity proposition, which is that switching costs are derived from having such large client accounts.",
    "output": "[Cause] Accenture's desire to rely less on commoditized outsourcing [Relation] cause [Effect] pose risks to Accenture's familiarity proposition",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "input": "We believe the global services business will also support future growth due to greater spares, tool refurbishments, and collaboration with customers to troubleshoot high-value problems that reduce cost, improve product yields, and accelerate new technology ramps.",
    "output": "[Cause] greater spares, tool refurbishments, and collaboration with customers to troubleshoot high-value problems [Relation] enable [Effect] support future growth",
    "gold": 1,
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    "cosine": 1.4376314878463745,
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  {
    "input": "We think Autodesk has so widely embraced what many companies would avoid because it is well aware that the brunt of its switching costs aren't in the loss and transfer of design and model data, but rather the training of its software (which can take years to master).",
    "output": "[Cause] Autodesk is well aware that the brunt of its switching costs aren't in the loss and transfer of design and model data [Relation] cause [Effect] Autodesk has widely embraced what many companies would avoid",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "We are raising our fair value estimate to $15.10 per share from $11, driven by stronger demand for Myriad's prenatal and Prolaris testing units and cash benefit from its planned divestitures.",
    "output": "[Cause] stronger demand for Myriad's prenatal and Prolaris testing units and cash benefit from its planned divestitures [Relation] cause [Effect] raising our fair value estimate to $15.10 per share from $11",
    "gold": 1,
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  {
    "input": "The shares came under additional pressure in late October 2020 after FirstEnergy's CEO and four others resigned in the wake of the scandal.",
    "output": "[Cause] FirstEnergy's CEO and four others resigned in the wake of the scandal [Relation] cause [Effect] The shares came under additional pressure in late October 2020",
    "gold": 1,
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  {
    "input": "We anticipate robust companion animal growth will be primarily fed by the adoption of a series of new products, a larger base of analyzers, sales of ancillary services, and growing strength in consumables and reference labs.",
    "output": "[Cause] the adoption of a series of new products, a larger base of analyzers, sales of ancillary services, and growing strength in consumables and reference labs [Relation] enable [Effect] robust companion animal growth",
    "gold": 1,
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  {
    "input": "We also expect a strong recovery in Spanish fee income as transactional activity normalises and asset management fees that will benefit from a recovery in assets under management, or AUM.",
    "output": "[Cause] transactional activity normalizes and recovery in assets under management (AUM) [Relation] cause [Effect] strong recovery in Spanish fee income",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "We don't foresee any deterioration in Snap-on's return on invested capital, as any competition in its tools business will likely be offset by an increase in high-margin diagnostic software sales.",
    "output": "[Cause] increase in high-margin diagnostic software sales [Relation] offset [Effect] competition in its tools business will likely be offset",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "TI and its chipmaking peers tend to profit from these high switching costs by having lower ongoing R&amp;D and capital expenditure investments than digital chipmakers, which helps to contribute to healthy returns on capital for shareholders.",
    "output": "[Cause] lower ongoing R&D and capital expenditure investments than digital chipmakers [Relation] enable [Effect] contribute to healthy returns on capital for shareholders",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "We have not modeled significant changes in our 10-year average gross margins, as we believe WPP's efficiencies in talent management (either per account or per project) will offset growth in compensation and slightly lower long-term margins on digital ads.",
    "output": "[Cause] WPP's efficiencies in talent management (either per account or per project) [Relation] offset [Effect] offset growth in compensation and slightly lower long-term margins on digital ads",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.402446985244751,
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  {
    "input": "We believe Trip.com has strengthened its leading position among Chinese online travel agencies after market consolidation, and is the beneficiary of rising disposable income and demand for domestic and international travel.",
    "output": "[Cause] market consolidation [Relation] enable [Effect] Trip.com has strengthened its leading position among Chinese online travel agencies",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
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  {
    "input": "We believe Trip.com has strengthened its leading position among Chinese online travel agencies after market consolidation, and is the beneficiary of rising disposable income and demand for domestic and international travel.",
    "output": "[Cause] market consolidation | rising disposable income and demand for domestic and international travel [Relation] cause [Effect] Trip.com has strengthened its leading position among Chinese online travel agencies",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.2238836288452148,
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  {
    "input": "Additionally, with the torrid growth that hard seltzer and flavored malt beverages have to offer, a slew of new entrants have increased the competitive fervor in those markets.",
    "output": "[Cause] a slew of new entrants [Relation] cause [Effect] increased the competitive fervor in those markets",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "input": "Additionally, with the torrid growth that hard seltzer and flavored malt beverages have to offer, a slew of new entrants have increased the competitive fervor in those markets.",
    "output": "[Cause] a slew of new entrants [Relation] cause [Effect] increased competitive fervor in those markets",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "We believe it will take this long as the company's capital expenditures will remain elevated, nearly 21% of sales through our forecast and falling below 9% by 2030, as Canopy expands to meet robust volume growth.",
    "output": "[Cause] the company's capital expenditures will remain elevated, nearly 21% of sales through our forecast [Relation] cause [Effect] falling below 9% by 2030",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Its previously strong brand intangible asset has been degraded by consumer trends that allowed for competition in the intimates space, as the Victoria's Secret, or VS, brand failed to adapt to trends.",
    "output": "[Cause] consumer trends that allowed for competition in the intimates space [Relation] cause [Effect] degraded previously strong brand intangible asset",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3073309659957886,
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  {
    "input": "Its previously strong brand intangible asset has been degraded by consumer trends that allowed for competition in the intimates space, as the Victoria's Secret, or VS, brand failed to adapt to trends.",
    "output": "[Cause] consumer trends that allowed for competition in the intimates space [Relation] cause [Effect] Its previously strong brand intangible asset degraded",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "And as we don't anticipate competitive angst will subside (particularly as supply more closely matches demand going forward), we expect Church will step up its spend in this vein, with our forecast calling for it to allocate around 12% of sales to marketing on average through fiscal 2030.",
    "output": "[Cause] Don't anticipate competitive angst will subside [Relation] cause [Effect] Church will step up its spend in marketing",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Further, the Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong high-speed line commenced in the third quarter of 2018, which resulted in a sharp 50% traffic decline on Guangshen's Kowloon-Guangzhou through train in 2019.",
    "output": "[Cause] the Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong high-speed line commenced in the third quarter of 2018 [Relation] cause [Effect] sharp 50% traffic decline on Guangshen's Kowloon-Guangzhou through train in 2019",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Healthineers, the group's other major division, offers medical equipment, which has more countercycle drivers due to the exposure to healthcare treatment demand.",
    "output": "[Cause] exposure to healthcare treatment demand [Relation] cause [Effect] countercycle drivers for medical equipment",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Further, we expect mix to play a role, with growth in higher-margin real-world evidence trials that use de-identified patient data cohorts as evidence for regulatory approval.",
    "output": "[Cause] growth in higher-margin real-world evidence trials that use de-identified patient data cohorts as evidence for regulatory approval [Relation] enable [Effect] mix to play a role",
    "gold": 1,
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    "cosine": 1.4596749544143677,
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  {
    "input": "As result of the network effect, the firm's revenue growth has become increasingly driven by its platform segment which generates revenue from advertising, platform and distribution fees, and licensing. As a result, the Player segment (hardware sales) has fallen from 84% of total revenue in 2015 to 34% in 2019, a period during which total revenue increased from $320 million to $1.1 billion.",
    "output": "[Cause] the network effect [Relation] enable [Effect] the firm's revenue growth has become increasingly driven by its platform segment",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Given the expense associated with chip design, the margin for error is virtually nonexistent, so designers are more likely to prefer tools that they are comfortable utilizing and would lead to a lower chance of their making a mistake.",
    "output": "[Cause] the expense associated with chip design, the margin for error is virtually nonexistent [Relation] cause [Effect] designers are more likely to prefer tools that they are comfortable utilizing and would lead to a lower chance of their making a mistake",
    "gold": 1,
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  {
    "input": "Worldwide, there are hundreds of lodging management companies but only a few of those currently manage more than 100 properties with Hyatt one of them, making it a prime partner for third-party owners looking to outsource management responsibilities.  As a result of increasing third-party confidence in Hyatt's brands, the company's asset-light business became the majority of adjusted EBITDA (before corporate) in 2018 and reached 57% in 2019, and we estimate it will be around mid-70% in 2029.",
    "output": "[Cause] increasing third-party confidence in Hyatt's brands [Relation] cause [Effect] the company's asset-light business became the majority of adjusted EBITDA (before corporate) in 2018 and reached 57% in 2019, and we estimate it will be around mid-70% in 2029",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "While we anticipate the near term will remain choppy, we think its portfolio will prove resilient even in a more challenging economic environment (like the mid- to high-single-digit growth posted in the 2008-09 recession). As such, we continue to expect 3%-4% annual sales growth and mid-20s operating margins on average, 100 basis points above the prior 10-year average.",
    "output": "[Cause] portfolio resilience [Relation] enable [Effect] anticipate 3%-4% annual sales growth and mid-20s operating margins on average, 100 basis points above the prior 10-year average",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "We expect Allegion's operating margin will moderate a bit in 2021 due to faster growth from lower-margin residential products and cost inflation.",
    "output": "[Cause] faster growth from lower-margin residential products and cost inflation [Relation] cause [Effect] Allegion's operating margin will moderate a bit in 2021",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.4806493520736694,
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  {
    "input": "Our forecast implies market share gains due to the combined businesses of Icon and PRA and results in a five-year projected revenue compound annual growth rate of about 27%, including the impact of the PRA acquisition.",
    "output": "[Cause] market share gains due to the combined businesses of Icon and PRA, including the impact of the PRA acquisition [Relation] cause [Effect] five-year projected revenue compound annual growth rate of about 27%",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3879555463790894,
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  {
    "input": "Our forecast implies market share gains due to the combined businesses of Icon and PRA and results in a five-year projected revenue compound annual growth rate of about 27%, including the impact of the PRA acquisition.",
    "output": "[Cause] market share gains due to the combined businesses of Icon and PRA [Relation] cause [Effect] five-year projected revenue compound annual growth rate of about 27%, including the impact of the PRA acquisition",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.408687710762024,
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  {
    "input": "Lastly, vaccine hesitancy could plague vaccine-focused firms like Moderna if new concerns about safety issues begin to emerge from the firm's novel mRNA vaccines.",
    "output": "[Cause] new concerns about safety issues begin to emerge from the firm's novel mRNA vaccines [Relation] cause [Effect] vaccine hesitancy could plague vaccine-focused firms like Moderna",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.5,
    "pred": 1
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  {
    "input": "By our estimate, the gap between Progressive's expense ratio and the industry average has added about 5 percentage points annually to the company's return on equity.",
    "output": "[Cause] the gap between Progressive's expense ratio and the industry average [Relation] enable [Effect] added about 5 percentage points annually to the company's return on equity",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.5000001192092896,
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  {
    "input": "Although we believe the company's brand recognition and product positioning drive increased consumer attention and yield some degree of pricing power, our opinion is that location and design offerings are more important than brand reputation for potential luxury homebuyers.",
    "output": "[Cause] location and design offerings are more important than brand reputation for potential luxury homebuyers [Relation] depend [Effect] brand recognition and product positioning drive increased consumer attention and yield some degree of pricing power",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.248206913471222,
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  {
    "input": "Both nonexistent switching costs (which could weigh on pricing power intermittently) and delayed innovation in product offerings could act as a drag on performance.",
    "output": "[Cause] Both nonexistent switching costs and delayed innovation in product offerings [Relation] cause [Effect] act as a drag on performance",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4288389086723328,
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  {
    "input": "We see this network effect continuing to expand in both developed and emerging markets, as well as vertical markets such as rentals (where it looks to focus 2021 investment to expand supply and awareness in the U.S.) and attractions, resulting in a full connected trip offering.",
    "output": "[Cause] network effect continuing to expand in both developed and emerging markets, as well as vertical markets [Relation] enable [Effect] full connected trip offering",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.2555257678031921,
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  {
    "input": "However, we believe Carnival could generate average ROICs, including goodwill (7%) below our weighted average cost of capital over the next decade, hindered by the secular fall out stemming from COVID-19.",
    "output": "[Cause] the secular fall out stemming from COVID-19 [Relation] hindered by [Effect] Carnival could generate average ROICs, including goodwill (7%) below our weighted average cost of capital over the next decade",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4273556470870972,
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  {
    "input": "Before fiscal 2019, Smucker spent less than 6% of revenue on marketing, but beginning in fiscal 2019, these investments have increased, and are on track to reach 7% by 2022. These initiatives have allowed Smucker to reach 5 million new households, a 10% increase, while lowering nonworking media spending by $30 million, driving a 15% increase in marketing ROI.",
    "output": "[Cause] Beginning in fiscal 2019, these investments have increased [Relation] enable [Effect] Reach 5 million new households, a 10% increase, while lowering nonworking media spending by $30 million and driving a 15% increase in marketing ROI",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.253919243812561,
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  {
    "input": "Enterprises traditionally purchased point-based solutions that cover a component of security from the leading specialist; however, integrating multiple software and hardware vendors together becomes cumbersome and difficult to manage as new threats emerge.",
    "output": "[Cause] integrating multiple software and hardware vendors together becomes cumbersome and difficult to manage as new threats emerge [Relation] cause [Effect] Enterprises traditionally purchased point-based solutions that cover a component of security from the leading specialist",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.2882815599441528,
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  {
    "input": "Rituxan biosimilars and new oral competitors in the blood cancer space should be partly countered by Gazyva's superiority to Rituxan in CLL and indolent/maintenance NHL indications.",
    "output": "[Cause] Gazyva's superiority to Rituxan in CLL and indolent/maintenance NHL indications [Relation] prevent [Effect] partly countered by Rituxan biosimilars and new oral competitors in the blood cancer space",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4831236600875854,
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  {
    "input": "We believe Hubbell can hit 16% adjusted operating margins by 2022 as it emerges through its latest rounds of productivity initiatives and despite challenges posed by the global pandemic, including supply chain automation and footprint and back-office consolidation.",
    "output": "[Cause] latest rounds of productivity initiatives, supply chain automation and footprint, back-office consolidation [Relation] enable [Effect] Hubbell can hit 16% adjusted operating margins by 2022",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3912945985794067,
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  {
    "input": "Finally, while we do see some differences in terms of cost structure across various iBuyers, we think these are largely attributable to differences in approach rather than differences in competitive advantage.",
    "output": "[Cause] differences in approach [Relation] cause [Effect] differences in cost structure across various iBuyers",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4837635159492493,
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  {
    "input": "This includes forecasting tools to ensure that the right product is on hand, the fleet to ensure the trucks are running on time, technology to efficiently route the fleet, and financial systems to ensure orders are processed and billed correctly. As a result, Sysco averages a 98.5% service level, the percent of orders delivered with the requested product (no substitutions), within the designated delivery window, and billed accurately.",
    "output": "[Cause] forecasting tools, fleet management, technology, and financial systems [Relation] enable [Effect] Sysco averages a 98.5% service level",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3303190469741821,
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  {
    "input": "Technological shifts such as new mirrorless cameras or simply third-party lenses could provide an opportunity for less-established competitors to gain share and erode Canon's customer base.",
    "output": "[Cause] Technological shifts such as new mirrorless cameras or simply third-party lenses [Relation] enable [Effect] provide an opportunity for less-established competitors to gain share and erode Canon's customer base",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.3907511234283447,
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  {
    "input": "With the lifting of lockdown restrictions and speed of vaccine rollout representing the key (and unfortunately, exogenous) variables, we've modeled revenue growth of 14.3% and 7.5% in 2021 and 2022, as demand begins to stabilize in key European markets (notably, U.S.",
    "output": "[Cause] lifting of lockdown restrictions and speed of vaccine rollout [Relation] enable [Effect] modeled revenue growth of 14.3% and 7.5% in 2021 and 2022",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.304571509361267,
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  {
    "input": "The bank's motivation for the acquisition was to expand its banking and insurance operations in one of its home markets, the Netherlands, and further its long-term ambition to grow private banking and asset management of which Fortis would absorb ABN's offering globally.",
    "output": "[Cause] expand its banking and insurance operations in one of its home markets, the Netherlands, and further its long-term ambition to grow private banking and asset management [Relation] cause [Effect] Fortis would absorb ABN's offering globally",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.2841560244560242,
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  {
    "input": "Compounding these pressures, management has more recently articulated its belief that the economy has already turned recessionary and is bound to get materially worse as unemployment rates surge, with the prime point of uncertainty being how long this situation persists.",
    "output": "[Cause] management's belief that the economy has already turned recessionary and is bound to get materially worse [Relation] cause [Effect] pressures are compounded",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3307989239692688,
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  {
    "input": "We view Graco as a GDP-plus business, with its commitment to R&D and continuous innovation driving sales growth slightly above the average industrial production growth rate through new product introductions, expansion into adjacent markets, and market share gains.",
    "output": "[Cause] commitment to R&D and continuous innovation [Relation] cause [Effect] driving sales growth slightly above the average industrial production growth rate through new product introductions, expansion into adjacent markets, and market share gains",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3518632054328918,
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  {
    "input": "We forecast lower lower midcycle steel prices yet, driven by our bearish outlook for Chinese fixed-asset investment and the persistence of structural overcapacity as well as faltering cost support from steelmaking raw materials.",
    "output": "[Cause] our bearish outlook for Chinese fixed-asset investment and the persistence of structural overcapacity as well as faltering cost support from steelmaking raw materials [Relation] cause [Effect] lower midcycle steel prices forecast",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4726386070251465,
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  {
    "input": "We have remodeled our interest-rate forecast and our net interest margin projections for the bank considering the current macroeconomic situation.",
    "output": "[Cause] remodeled interest-rate forecast and net interest margin projections [Relation] cause [Effect] considering the current macroeconomic situation",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.408478856086731,
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  {
    "input": "The ability of Biogen's new oral drug Vumerity to improve GI tolerability should partly offset headwinds from competition, but we still assume Biogen's total oral MS drug sales will decline from $3.8 billion in 2020 to $1.7 billion by 2025.",
    "output": "[Cause] The ability of Biogen's new oral drug Vumerity to improve GI tolerability [Relation] enable, offset [Effect] partly offset headwinds from competition",
    "gold": 1,
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    "cosine": 1.4851067066192627,
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  {
    "input": "For example, hoses, nozzles, pumps, and other components have to be periodically replaced due to constant wear and tear, which creates steady demand for aftermarket parts.",
    "output": "[Cause] constant wear and tear [Relation] cause [Effect] hoses, nozzles, pumps, and other components have to be periodically replaced",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4910697937011719,
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  {
    "input": "For example, hoses, nozzles, pumps, and other components have to be periodically replaced due to constant wear and tear, which creates steady demand for aftermarket parts.",
    "output": "[Cause] constant wear and tear [Relation] cause [Effect] hoses, nozzles, pumps, and other components have to be periodically replaced",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.1771385669708252,
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  {
    "input": "The research model business has remained a steady recurring revenue stream for the company as a result of high switching costs.",
    "output": "[Cause] high switching costs [Relation] enable [Effect] The research model business has remained a steady recurring revenue stream for the company",
    "gold": 1,
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    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.4798968434333801,
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  {
    "input": "Security uses include threat detection (suspicious user activity, for example) as well as incident monitoring; IT cases include cloud infrastructure monitoring and predictive system analytics; and observability uses include monitoring application health for developers, and application modernization to maximize performance and drive innovation.",
    "output": "[Cause] Security uses (threat detection, incident monitoring) [Relation] enable [Effect] improved security and risk management",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.0610805749893188,
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  },
  {
    "input": "The firm is also exposed to the consumer markets through its mobile device products and, increasingly, Internet of Things, where demand may ebb and flow along with short product cycles.",
    "output": "[Cause] exposed to the consumer markets through its mobile device products and Internet of Things [Relation] cause [Effect] demand may ebb and flow along with short product cycles",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3369362354278564,
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  {
    "input": "The volume of new equipment sales to LNG and other oil and gas customers has been falling off, due to the general oil and gas downturn as well as the imminent LNG oversupply specifically.",
    "output": "[Cause] the general oil and gas downturn as well as the imminent LNG oversupply specifically [Relation] cause [Effect] The volume of new equipment sales to LNG and other oil and gas customers has been falling off",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.500000238418579,
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  {
    "input": "Novartis' patent-protected drugs carry strong pricing power, which enables the firm to generate returns on invested capital in excess of its cost of capital.",
    "output": "[Cause] Novartis' patent-protected drugs carry strong pricing power [Relation] enable [Effect] enables the firm to generate returns on invested capital in excess of its cost of capital",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4903010129928589,
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  {
    "input": "This could result in more stable cash flows, a sustainable dividend, and Utilities - Independent Power Producersmore share buybacks if management does a good job executing its strategy.",
    "output": "[Cause] management doing a good job executing its strategy [Relation] enable [Effect] more stable cash flows, a sustainable dividend, and more share buybacks",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.433480978012085,
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  {
    "input": "We believe Adidas has a strong opportunity in the $31 billion athletic apparel market in China, where it is viewed as a premium fashion brand with high pricing.",
    "output": "[Cause] Adidas is viewed as a premium fashion brand with high pricing in China [Relation] enable [Effect] Adidas has a strong opportunity in the $31 billion athletic apparel market in China",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4602956771850586,
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  {
    "input": "While a leader in real-world evidence, IQVIA's success is highly dependent on regulatory cooperation, as real-world evidence offerings will only be worth a premium if they're completely embraced by the FDA and other regulatory entities.",
    "output": "[Cause] real-world evidence offerings will only be worth a premium if they're completely embraced by the FDA and other regulatory entities [Relation] cause [Effect] IQVIA's success is highly dependent on regulatory cooperation",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.5,
    "pred": 1
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  {
    "input": "However, if Eastman is unable to develop new products to replace formulas that roll off patent, or if its new products fail to generate the same incremental demand growth from its end users, its ability to command a premium price for its specialty products would deteriorate.",
    "output": "[Cause] unable to develop new products to replace formulas that roll off patent; new products fail to generate the same incremental demand growth from its end users [Relation] cause [Effect] its ability to command a premium price for its specialty products would deteriorate",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4133179187774658,
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  {
    "input": "However, if Eastman is unable to develop new products to replace formulas that roll off patent, or if its new products fail to generate the same incremental demand growth from its end users, its ability to command a premium price for its specialty products would deteriorate.",
    "output": "[Cause] unable to develop new products to replace formulas that roll off patent; new products fail to generate the same incremental demand growth from its end users [Relation] cause [Effect] its ability to command a premium price for its specialty products would deteriorate",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.345841646194458,
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  {
    "input": "Lower volume for equity futures should be partially mitigated by rises in average revenue per contract as the company benefits from recent price increases and improved product mix as the smaller contracts favored by retail investors carry a much smaller transaction fee per contract than CME's traditional equity products.",
    "output": "[Cause] recent price increases and improved product mix, smaller contracts favored by retail investors carrying a much smaller transaction fee per contract [Relation] mitigate [Effect] mitigated lower volume for equity futures, rises in average revenue per contract",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3431071639060974,
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  {
    "input": "Lower volume for equity futures should be partially mitigated by rises in average revenue per contract as the company benefits from recent price increases and improved product mix as the smaller contracts favored by retail investors carry a much smaller transaction fee per contract than CME's traditional equity products.",
    "output": "[Cause]  [Relation]  [Effect] ",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 0.756334662437439,
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  {
    "input": "Lower volume for equity futures should be partially mitigated by rises in average revenue per contract as the company benefits from recent price increases and improved product mix as the smaller contracts favored by retail investors carry a much smaller transaction fee per contract than CME's traditional equity products.",
    "output": "[Cause] recent price increases and improved product mix [Relation] enable [Effect] lower volume for equity futures should be partially mitigated by rises in average revenue per contract",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3953731656074524,
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  {
    "input": "If one of CME's customer's fails to settle a contract, the exchange will step in and close out the transaction after seizing the collateral of the defaulted counterparty.",
    "output": "[Cause] one of CME's customer fails to settle a contract [Relation] enable [Effect] the exchange will step in and close out the transaction after seizing the collateral of the defaulted counterparty",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.471866488456726,
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  {
    "input": "Although the ostomy market only grows in the mid-single digits, it is relatively insulated from larger economic conditions as patients generally have little choice about whether to use the devices and supplies.",
    "output": "[Cause] patients generally have little choice about whether to use the devices and supplies [Relation] enable [Effect] the ostomy market is relatively insulated from larger economic conditions",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.200040578842163,
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  {
    "input": "With declining net interest margins over the past few years, Bradesco has pivoted toward higher margin small and medium enterprise and personal lending, in tandem with an increased focus on fee income.",
    "output": "[Cause] declining net interest margins over the past few years [Relation] cause [Effect] Bradesco has pivoted toward higher margin small and medium enterprise and personal lending, in tandem with an increased focus on fee income",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.5000003576278687,
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  {
    "input": "As a developer of projects in frontier regions such as Mozambique or Papua New Guinea, Total faces the risk of delays or disruption of new construction or existing operations due to disputes with local communities.",
    "output": "[Cause] disputes with local communities [Relation] cause [Effect] risk of delays or disruption of new construction or existing operations",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.2781491875648499,
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  {
    "input": "The multi-year effort to bring Line 3 into service due to opposition from indigenous tribes finally looks to be nearing a close, with an expected in-service date by the end of 2021.",
    "output": "[Cause] opposition from indigenous tribes [Relation] hinder [Effect] The multi-year effort to bring Line 3 into service finally looks to be nearing a close",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.1997904777526855,
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  {
    "input": "Moreover, it does not appear that increased outlet sales have had a discernible effect on pricing, as Adidas' overall gross margin improved 210 basis points in the period to 49.7% from 47.6%.",
    "output": "[Cause] increased outlet sales [Relation] no discernible effect [Effect] Adidas' overall gross margin improved 210 basis points to 49.7% from 47.6%",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4219834804534912,
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  {
    "input": "Management hopes to develop more complex manufacturing capabilities in market segments where limited competition supports stronger pricing power and higher profitability, but market pressures have limited the company's progress.",
    "output": "[Cause] limited competition supports stronger pricing power and higher profitability [Relation] enable [Effect] management hopes to develop more complex manufacturing capabilities in market segments",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Management hopes to develop more complex manufacturing capabilities in market segments where limited competition supports stronger pricing power and higher profitability, but market pressures have limited the company's progress.",
    "output": "[Cause] market pressures [Relation] prevent [Effect] limited the company's progress",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Management is looking for 25% of its growth outlook to be driven by innovation, a mark we think is achievable given the broad resonance of its trademarks.",
    "output": "[Cause] the broad resonance of its trademarks [Relation] enable [Effect] 25% of its growth outlook to be driven by innovation",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.2297675013542175,
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  {
    "input": "The aquatic systems business, which offers a full line of energy-efficient equipment for residential and commercial swimming pools (including pumps, filters, heaters, and other equipment and accessories), is the crown jewel in Pentair's portfolio, as it is both its fastest-growing and most profitable business.",
    "output": "[Cause] The aquatic systems business is both its fastest-growing and most profitable business [Relation] cause [Effect] The aquatic systems business offers a full line of energy-efficient equipment for residential and commercial swimming pools (including pumps, filters, heaters, and other equipment and accessories)",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.321982502937317,
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  {
    "input": "In the long run, we still expect steel prices to be low, owing to our expectations of lower midcycle iron ore and coking coal prices as China's demand growth for steel matures.",
    "output": "[Cause] expectations of lower midcycle iron ore and coking coal prices as China's demand growth for steel matures [Relation] cause [Effect] still expect steel prices to be low",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4350217580795288,
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  {
    "input": "While the testing market tends to be relatively stable, fragmentation is high and Neogen is often competing against several providers for new business.",
    "output": "[Cause] fragmentation is high and Neogen is often competing against several providers for new business [Relation] impact [Effect] the testing market tends to be relatively stable",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "While we think natural gas will play a role near term in California, there is risk that as policymakers shift away from natural gas regulators don't fairly compensate Sempra for stranded gas distribution assets.",
    "output": "[Cause] policymakers shift away from natural gas [Relation] cause [Effect] risk that regulators don't fairly compensate Sempra for stranded gas distribution assets",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3639352917671204,
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  {
    "input": "ROIC fell in 2016 due to a medical advertising scandal at Baidu and the resulting government curb on healthcare adverts.",
    "output": "[Cause] a medical advertising scandal at Baidu and the resulting government curb on healthcare adverts [Relation] cause [Effect] ROIC fell in 2016",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.4999998807907104,
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  {
    "input": "A failure of a sensor to work properly may lead to product failure of an expensive long-cycle product, which we think makes it difficult for customers to switch.",
    "output": "[Cause] A failure of a sensor to work properly [Relation] cause [Effect] may lead to product failure of an expensive long-cycle product",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3764008283615112,
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  {
    "input": "These aspects of the retail distribution channel keep most generic drug manufacturers, unwilling to focus on direct-to-consumer products, focused on the prescription side of the drug market and away from Perrigo's territory.",
    "output": "[Cause] most generic drug manufacturers unwilling to focus on direct-to-consumer products [Relation] prevent [Effect] focused on the prescription side of the drug market and away from Perrigo's territory",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.2741867899894714,
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  {
    "input": "We contend that these higher domain fees should not lead to significant customer attrition given that they comprise a relatively small proportion of a business' budget.",
    "output": "[Cause] higher domain fees [Relation] cause [Effect] should not lead to significant customer attrition",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3829571604728699,
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  {
    "input": "While an increased focus on diagnostics due to the coronavirus pandemic will be a tailwind, we expect competition will increase to meet this rising demand, and Bio-Rad may not meaningfully benefit from this trend despite a growing market.",
    "output": "[Cause] increased focus on diagnostics due to the coronavirus pandemic [Relation] cause [Effect] competition will increase to meet this rising demand",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.2695320844650269,
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  {
    "input": "While an increased focus on diagnostics due to the coronavirus pandemic will be a tailwind, we expect competition will increase to meet this rising demand, and Bio-Rad may not meaningfully benefit from this trend despite a growing market.",
    "output": "[Cause] increased focus on diagnostics due to the coronavirus pandemic [Relation] cause [Effect] competition will increase to meet this rising demand",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.2150515913963318,
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  {
    "input": "As a result, Tenneco has a large degree of operating leverage, so sudden declines in volume can have a meaningful impact on profit.",
    "output": "[Cause] Tenneco has a large degree of operating leverage [Relation] cause [Effect] sudden declines in volume can have a meaningful impact on profit",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.5,
    "pred": 1
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  {
    "input": "The resultant sales relationships and company reputation for quick component availability across a wide range of inventory lead to a brand intangible asset that is difficult for small, regional competitors to replicate.",
    "output": "[Cause] resultant sales relationships and company reputation for quick component availability across a wide range of inventory [Relation] cause [Effect] brand intangible asset that is difficult for small, regional competitors to replicate",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4515130519866943,
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  {
    "input": "To continue winning contracts, the turbine-makers will instate steep cost-reduction goals to their supply chain and will outsource suppliers that cannot meet the targets.",
    "output": "[Cause] turbine-makers will instate steep cost-reduction goals to their supply chain [Relation] enable [Effect] continue winning contracts",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.414795994758606,
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  {
    "input": "Further, a number of patents and trade secrets protect these innovations from intellectual property theft. These factors allow the company to charge a premium relative to competitors' products, which we believe contributes to its GAAP operating margins of just under 23% based on 2020 results.",
    "output": "[Cause] a number of patents and trade secrets protect these innovations from intellectual property theft [Relation] enable [Effect] the company is able to charge a premium relative to competitors' products",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3194207549095154,
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  {
    "input": "That's important because the precise surface location of a horizontal shale well plays a huge role in determining its eventual productivity and influences the oil content of its production stream.",
    "output": "[Cause] the precise surface location of a horizontal shale well [Relation] cause [Effect] plays a huge role in determining its eventual productivity and influences the oil content of its production stream",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4796909093856812,
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  {
    "input": "Or, if the customer is unable to find such a solution, it would need to source multiple discrete products from various suppliers to develop bespoke solutions with the same functionality, complicating its supply chain and requiring significant engineering investment.",
    "output": "[Cause] Unable to find a solution [Relation] cause [Effect] Need to source multiple discrete products from various suppliers to develop bespoke solutions with the same functionality, complicating its supply chain and requiring significant engineering investment",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4226993322372437,
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  {
    "input": "In 2020, Apartment Income spun off its development pipeline and lease-up portfolio into its own company so that the remaining company could focus on the highest-quality assets.",
    "output": "[Cause] Apartment Income spun off its development pipeline and lease-up portfolio into its own company [Relation] enable [Effect] the remaining company could focus on the highest-quality assets",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.4798411130905151,
    "pred": 1
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  {
    "input": "Frank's focus on casing services, especially for offshore oil wells, makes it more exposed than the average oilfield service company to a large oil spill like the 2010 Macondo disaster.",
    "output": "[Cause] Frank's focus on casing services, especially for offshore oil wells [Relation] cause [Effect] makes it more exposed than the average oilfield service company to a large oil spill like the 2010 Macondo disaster",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.4639207124710083,
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  {
    "input": "We have indication of smartwatches significantly hurting lower priced Swiss watch sales, although we see high-end brands to be more resilient.",
    "output": "[Cause] indication of smartwatches significantly hurting lower priced Swiss watch sales [Relation] prevent [Effect] high-end brands to be more resilient",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3914068937301636,
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  {
    "input": "Using pulse oximeters that produce frequent false alarms can take up valuable clinician time, leading to poor health outcomes, and constant false alarms could result in true positive alerts being ignored.",
    "output": "[Cause] Using pulse oximeters that produce frequent false alarms [Relation] cause [Effect] take up valuable clinician time, leading to poor health outcomes",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.500000238418579,
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  {
    "input": "Using pulse oximeters that produce frequent false alarms can take up valuable clinician time, leading to poor health outcomes, and constant false alarms could result in true positive alerts being ignored.",
    "output": "[Cause] Using pulse oximeters that produce frequent false alarms [Relation] cause [Effect] take up valuable clinician time, leading to poor health outcomes",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.0947144031524658,
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  {
    "input": "Through high-grading and cost improvements, the company has reduced the oil price necessary to earn a 10% return on capital to below $40 per barrel.",
    "output": "[Cause] high-grading and cost improvements [Relation] enable [Effect] the company has reduced the oil price necessary to earn a 10% return on capital to below $40 per barrel",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.5000001192092896,
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  {
    "input": "Focused entry from these competitors would double the current handful of players that have dominant scale, leading to commodification of the industry and a meaningful impact to margins.",
    "output": "[Cause] Focused entry from these competitors [Relation] cause [Effect] double the current handful of players that have dominant scale",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.291212558746338,
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  {
    "input": "Most of that membership growth will likely come from its fully insured business, particularly the government business as the fast-growing Medicare Advantage business continues to expand.",
    "output": "[Cause] the fast-growing Medicare Advantage business continues to expand [Relation] cause [Effect] Most of that membership growth will likely come from its fully insured business, particularly the government business",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.5,
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  {
    "input": "Further, with around 40% of sales generated outside the U.S., Kellogg is exposed to foreign exchange fluctuations, which may eat into sales and profits from time to time.",
    "output": "[Cause] Kellogg is exposed to foreign exchange fluctuations [Relation] cause [Effect] foreign exchange fluctuations may eat into sales and profits from time to time",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4292442798614502,
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  {
    "input": "Furthermore, while populous metropolitan areas are the centers of construction activity, new quarry permits are difficult to obtain near well-populated areas due to not-in-my-backyard tendencies, preventing new competition from copying the location-based cost advantage.",
    "output": "[Cause] new quarry permits are difficult to obtain near well-populated areas due to not-in-my-backyard tendencies [Relation] prevent [Effect] preventing new competition from copying the location-based cost advantage",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.0773816108703613,
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  {
    "input": "Furthermore, while populous metropolitan areas are the centers of construction activity, new quarry permits are difficult to obtain near well-populated areas due to not-in-my-backyard tendencies, preventing new competition from copying the location-based cost advantage.",
    "output": "[Cause] new quarry permits are difficult to obtain near well-populated areas due to not-in-my-backyard tendencies [Relation] prevent [Effect] preventing new competition from copying the location-based cost advantage",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3503539562225342,
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  {
    "input": "We are raising our uncertainty rating for British American Tobacco to medium from low because of the heightened risk to the business model posed by emerging categories.",
    "output": "[Cause] heightened risk to the business model posed by emerging categories [Relation] cause [Effect] raising uncertainty rating for British American Tobacco to medium from low",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4897823333740234,
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  {
    "input": "That said, there are plans for two large resorts to open in 2021 (Genting World Resort opens with 3,000 rooms) and 2022 (the Witkoff Drew opens with around 4,000 rooms) that combined will increase existing supply by a mid-single-digit percentage.",
    "output": "[Cause] plans for two large resorts to open in 2021 (Genting World Resort opens with 3,000 rooms) and 2022 (the Witkoff Drew opens with around 4,000 rooms) [Relation] cause [Effect] combined will increase existing supply by a mid-single-digit percentage",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 0.9197983145713806,
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    "input": "That said, there are plans for two large resorts to open in 2021 (Genting World Resort opens with 3,000 rooms) and 2022 (the Witkoff Drew opens with around 4,000 rooms) that combined will increase existing supply by a mid-single-digit percentage.",
    "output": "[Cause] plans for two large resorts to open in 2021 and 2022 [Relation] cause [Effect] increase existing supply by a mid-single-digit percentage",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3133963346481323,
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  {
    "input": "We believe the gambling market in Macao will enjoy solid growth in the longer term. This structural tailwind is driven by the rising middle class in China and the penetration rate of less than 2% in Macao, compared with Las Vegas' 13%.",
    "output": "[Cause] rising middle class in China | penetration rate of less than 2% in Macao [Relation] enable [Effect] solid growth in the longer term in the gambling market in Macao",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.443791151046753,
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  {
    "input": "For instance, RingCentral's integration with Microsoft Teams allows users to seamlessly use services from both apps (for example, RingCentral meeting scheduling within Teams), fostering a \"co-opetition\" approach rather than pure competition. As a result, we do not see a winner-take-all market within UCaaS; instead, businesses are likely to adopt best-in-class solutions in different areas rather than lock into one suite.",
    "output": "[Cause] RingCentral's integration with Microsoft Teams allows users to seamlessly use services from both apps [Relation] enable [Effect] fostering a \"co-opetition\" approach rather than pure competition",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3510037660598755,
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  {
    "input": "Beyond boosting profits, we think these savings will fuel its product innovation and advertising to ensure its offerings stay top of mind with consumers and retailers.",
    "output": "[Cause] savings [Relation] enable [Effect] fuel its product innovation and advertising",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3963508605957031,
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  {
    "input": "Driving this growth are secular trends that should support increased adoption of CCaaS products, as well as Nice's shift to a cloud-based platform that should lead to healthy new customer growth and upselling opportunities with existing customers.",
    "output": "[Cause] secular trends that should support increased adoption of CCaaS products, Nice's shift to a cloud-based platform [Relation] enable [Effect] driving this growth, healthy new customer growth and upselling opportunities with existing customers",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3170617818832397,
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  {
    "input": "Driving this growth are secular trends that should support increased adoption of CCaaS products, as well as Nice's shift to a cloud-based platform that should lead to healthy new customer growth and upselling opportunities with existing customers.",
    "output": "[Cause] secular trends that should support increased adoption of CCaaS products, as well as Nice's shift to a cloud-based platform [Relation] enable [Effect] driving this growth",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "This could lead to employee frustration if paychecks are delayed or if there are delays to benefits administration, and in severe cases, employees may quit the firm.",
    "output": "[Cause] paychecks are delayed or if there are delays to benefits administration [Relation] cause [Effect] employee frustration",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3325520753860474,
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  {
    "input": "We believe Discover's impressive returns are partly a function of the higher switching costs incurred by cardholders with revolving balances each month.",
    "output": "[Cause] higher switching costs incurred by cardholders with revolving balances each month [Relation] cause [Effect] Discover's impressive returns",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3156335949897766,
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  {
    "input": "The firm also could see higher environmental regulation costs as well as elevated expenses as it moves into electric vehicles, particularly as it competes for talent.",
    "output": "[Cause] higher environmental regulation costs | elevated expenses as it moves into electric vehicles | competes for talent [Relation] cause [Effect] The firm could see higher environmental regulation costs as well as elevated expenses",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4153407216072083,
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  {
    "input": "Vertex has been able to build upon its intellectual property, rolling out better medicines and combinations that increasingly capture more patients.",
    "output": "[Cause] Vertex has been able to build upon its intellectual property [Relation] enable [Effect] rolling out better medicines and combinations",
    "gold": 0,
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    "cosine": 1.168267011642456,
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  {
    "input": "If a malicious attempt is detected in one location, all of the enterprise's security is updated instead of only having an update in a particular location.",
    "output": "[Cause] a malicious attempt is detected in one location [Relation] enable [Effect] all of the enterprise's security is updated instead of only having an update in a particular location",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.4686288833618164,
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  {
    "input": "We believe EDU can trade above its industry peers' average with its leading position and  also solid revenue growth in China.",
    "output": "[Cause] leading position and solid revenue growth in China [Relation] enable [Effect] EDU can trade above its industry peers' average",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4857590198516846,
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  {
    "input": "If the largest telecom operator in the market talks about dropping its prices by 20-40% for low end customers and reducing its overall revenue by around 10% then it is likely to impact on the other operators.",
    "output": "[Cause] largest telecom operator talks about dropping its prices by 20-40% for low-end customers and reducing its overall revenue by around 10% [Relation] cause [Effect] likely to impact on the other operators",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "However, we view discrete chips as more of a technological commodity making a sustainable competitive advantage from intangible assets and even switching costs unlikely.",
    "output": "[Cause] discrete chips being viewed as a technological commodity [Relation] cause [Effect] making a sustainable competitive advantage from intangible assets and even switching costs unlikely",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4712427854537964,
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  {
    "input": "US Foods prefers these products as they have twice the margin of nationally branded products, and the firm encourages its sales reps to promote these items to clients.",
    "output": "[Cause] these products have twice the margin of nationally branded products [Relation] enable [Effect] US Foods prefers these products",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.385779619216919,
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  {
    "input": "Another major risk is the strong competition from the likes of Samsung and SK Hynix which may be able to develop technologically superior memory solutions than those of Micron, leading to stretches of underperformance where the latter is unable to adequately invest to bridge product portfolio gaps.",
    "output": "[Cause] strong competition from the likes of Samsung and SK Hynix [Relation] cause [Effect] stretches of underperformance where Micron is unable to adequately invest to bridge product portfolio gaps",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "We think management has a good record when it comes to balancing expansion opportunities and maintaining the company's competitive position, which gives us confidence.",
    "output": "[Cause] management has a good record when it comes to balancing expansion opportunities and maintaining the company's competitive position [Relation] enable [Effect] gives us confidence",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
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  {
    "input": "In August 2020, it reached an agreement to sell its Speedway segment for $16.5 billion after tax, which represents a good deal for shareholders and premium to publicly traded peers, releasing value for shareholders as the embedded value of Speedway was well below that level.",
    "output": "[Cause] reached an agreement to sell its Speedway segment for $16.5 billion after tax [Relation] enable [Effect] represents a good deal for shareholders and premium to publicly traded peers, releasing value for shareholders as the embedded value of Speedway was well below that level",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3641149997711182,
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  {
    "input": "As a first mover in the local-market daily deals space, Groupon has captured a leadership position, but robust profitability has not followed.",
    "output": "[Cause] Groupon has captured a leadership position as a first mover in the local-market daily deals space [Relation] cause [Effect] robust profitability has not followed",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3427077531814575,
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  {
    "input": "The international segment, heavily skewed toward China, features 11.5% annual revenue growth (excluding 2021), driven primarily by new unit openings (8.7%) as Starbucks continues to expand beyond Tier I cities.",
    "output": "[Cause] new unit openings as Starbucks continues to expand beyond Tier I cities [Relation] cause [Effect] 11.5% annual revenue growth (excluding 2021) in the international segment, heavily skewed toward China",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.487425148487091,
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  {
    "input": "Governments may start to push back against the level of the hosting fee or simply refuse to pay it, forcing Formula One Group to find new venues or to lower hosting fees.",
    "output": "[Cause] Governments may start to push back against the level of the hosting fee or simply refuse to pay it [Relation] cause [Effect] forcing Formula One Group to find new venues or to lower hosting fees",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.4771534204483032,
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  {
    "input": "But on a high level, Yum China did say that its supply chain is run at a unit cost 50% lower than industry average, forming a material cost advantage over smaller peers.",
    "output": "[Cause] its supply chain is run at a unit cost 50% lower than industry average [Relation] enable [Effect] forming a material cost advantage over smaller peers",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.5,
    "pred": 1
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  {
    "input": "Because of lower revenue, IT investments, and pressure on gross margins (net revenue/gross revenue) from rising capacity buy rates, adjusted 2020 EBIT margin fell 110 basis points to 3.4%.",
    "output": "[Cause] lower revenue, IT investments, and pressure on gross margins from rising capacity buy rates [Relation] cause [Effect] adjusted 2020 EBIT margin fell 110 basis points to 3.4%",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4884464740753174,
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  {
    "input": "If interest rates increase faster than expected, Oneok's shares could underperform, as a steepening yield curve increases expected distribution yield for competing assets.",
    "output": "[Cause] interest rates increase faster than expected [Relation] cause [Effect] Oneok's shares could underperform",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.499999761581421,
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  {
    "input": "If interest rates increase faster than expected, Oneok's shares could underperform, as a steepening yield curve increases expected distribution yield for competing assets.",
    "output": "[Cause] interest rates increase faster than expected [Relation] cause [Effect] Oneok's shares could underperform",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3056073188781738,
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  {
    "input": "We believe AEP is the best-positioned transmission developer in the U.S., given its large transmission footprint and history of execution.",
    "output": "[Cause] large transmission footprint and history of execution [Relation] enable [Effect] AEP is the best-positioned transmission developer in the U.S.",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4837226867675781,
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  {
    "input": "The best operators boast a better understanding of local tastes and customs, often feature relevant real estate, legal, or supply chain expertise, and are generally willing to adopt sister brands, while categorical exclusivity prevents direct competitors from tapping the same master franchisee pool.",
    "output": "[Cause] The best operators boast a better understanding of local tastes and customs, often feature relevant real estate, legal, or supply chain expertise, and are generally willing to adopt sister brands [Relation] enable [Effect] categorical exclusivity prevents direct competitors from tapping the same master franchisee pool",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.1896618604660034,
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  {
    "input": "The best operators boast a better understanding of local tastes and customs, often feature relevant real estate, legal, or supply chain expertise, and are generally willing to adopt sister brands, while categorical exclusivity prevents direct competitors from tapping the same master franchisee pool.",
    "output": "[Cause] The best operators boast a better understanding of local tastes and customs, often feature relevant real estate, legal, or supply chain expertise, and are generally willing to adopt sister brands [Relation] enable [Effect] categorical exclusivity prevents direct competitors from tapping the same master franchisee pool",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3863965272903442,
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  {
    "input": "Further sluggishness at the start of fiscal 2020 and the COVID-19 pandemic caused revenue to fall another 5% in fiscal 2020.We anticipate a snap back in chip orders with revenue rising 18.5% in fiscal 2021, 4% in fiscal 2022 and growing at an average midcycle rate of 6% thereafter.",
    "output": "[Cause] sluggishness at the start of fiscal 2020 and the COVID-19 pandemic [Relation] cause [Effect] revenue fell another 5% in fiscal 2020",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3985674381256104,
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  {
    "input": "Further sluggishness at the start of fiscal 2020 and the COVID-19 pandemic caused revenue to fall another 5% in fiscal 2020.We anticipate a snap back in chip orders with revenue rising 18.5% in fiscal 2021, 4% in fiscal 2022 and growing at an average midcycle rate of 6% thereafter.",
    "output": "[Cause] Further sluggishness at the start of fiscal 2020 and the COVID-19 pandemic [Relation] cause [Effect] caused revenue to fall another 5% in fiscal 2020",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3623772263526917,
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  {
    "input": "Further sluggishness at the start of fiscal 2020 and the COVID-19 pandemic caused revenue to fall another 5% in fiscal 2020.We anticipate a snap back in chip orders with revenue rising 18.5% in fiscal 2021, 4% in fiscal 2022 and growing at an average midcycle rate of 6% thereafter.",
    "output": "[Cause] Further sluggishness at the start of fiscal 2020 and the COVID-19 pandemic [Relation] cause [Effect] caused revenue to fall another 5% in fiscal 2020",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4530243873596191,
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  {
    "input": "Further sluggishness at the start of fiscal 2020 and the COVID-19 pandemic caused revenue to fall another 5% in fiscal 2020.We anticipate a snap back in chip orders with revenue rising 18.5% in fiscal 2021, 4% in fiscal 2022 and growing at an average midcycle rate of 6% thereafter.",
    "output": "[Cause] sluggishness at the start of fiscal 2020 and the COVID-19 pandemic [Relation] cause [Effect] caused revenue to fall another 5% in fiscal 2020",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.1669108867645264,
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  {
    "input": "As ADM has high fixed costs in its ag services business, the company is at risk for a significant profit drop should there be a bad harvest in any of its key regions including the U.S.",
    "output": "[Cause] the company is at risk for a significant profit drop [Relation] trigger [Effect] there be a bad harvest in any of its key regions including the U.S.",
    "gold": 0,
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    "cosine": 1.2802294492721558,
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  {
    "input": "Assuming successful network construction, entrants then face steep customer acquisition costs and startup losses as they attempt to gain share with a modestly differentiated product in a rapidly maturing market.",
    "output": "[Cause] entrants attempt to gain share with a modestly differentiated product in a rapidly maturing market [Relation] cause [Effect] face steep customer acquisition costs and startup losses",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4682468175888062,
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  {
    "input": "As the largest nuclear owner and operator in the U.S., Exelon has a generation portfolio with a low carbon emissions profile.",
    "output": "[Cause] Exelon has a generation portfolio with a low carbon emissions profile [Relation] cause [Effect] Exelon is the largest nuclear owner and operator in the U.S.",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "We expect Fanuc's service business to play a larger role for Fanuc due to increasing automation complexities from integrating Internet of Things technology to Fanuc's robots/machines, which will then contribute to the company's long-term ability to maintain high adjusted ROIC.",
    "output": "[Cause] increasing automation complexities from integrating Internet of Things technology to Fanuc's robots/machines [Relation] enable [Effect] Fanuc's service business to play a larger role",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "In the event of a sudden plant shutdown, not only do individual components fail, but so do secondary systems, like shafts or motors.",
    "output": "[Cause] sudden plant shutdown [Relation] cause [Effect] individual components fail, secondary systems fail (like shafts or motors)",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4689627885818481,
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  {
    "input": "Given the lower relative expense and the reliability factor (given Synopsys' brand and experience), customers are more likely than not to continue to utilize the firm's IP; the wide selection of products to choose from and the smoother interoperability with other Synopsys tools contribute to this.",
    "output": "[Cause] lower relative expense and the reliability factor (given Synopsys' brand and experience) [Relation] enable [Effect] customers are more likely than not to continue to utilize the firm's IP",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.2961989641189575,
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  {
    "input": "Carnival was already facing pricing headwinds, with weak performance across European geographies, when the global spread of COVID-19 exacerbated its plight. As a result, 2020 was even more difficult to navigate than past recessions, as ships largely stopped sailing after March (with limited capacity in Europe).",
    "output": "[Cause] weak performance across European geographies, global spread of COVID-19 [Relation] exacerbate [Effect] Carnival was already facing pricing headwinds, 2020 was even more difficult to navigate than past recessions, ships largely stopped sailing after March (with limited capacity in Europe)",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
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  {
    "input": "Brand strength has enabled premium pricing across all of BMW's products, while intellectual property supports the brand image with strong product execution, especially in powertrains.",
    "output": "[Cause] Brand strength enabled premium pricing across all of BMW's products [Relation] enable [Effect] intellectual property supports the brand image with strong product execution, especially in powertrains",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.364525318145752,
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  {
    "input": "Brand strength has enabled premium pricing across all of BMW's products, while intellectual property supports the brand image with strong product execution, especially in powertrains.",
    "output": "[Cause] Brand strength and intellectual property [Relation] enable [Effect] enabled premium pricing across all of BMW's products",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Ultimately, however, we believe Shaw's relatively very small wireless business (only 4%-5% of total Canadian subscribers, based on our estimates), the complete lack of wireline footprint overlap, and the combined firm's commitment to accelerate 5G spending and invest in bringing high-speed broadband to underserved areas will lead to approval.",
    "output": "[Cause] Shaw's relatively very small wireless business, the complete lack of wireline footprint overlap, and the combined firm's commitment to accelerate 5G spending and invest in bringing high-speed broadband to underserved areas [Relation] enable [Effect] will lead to approval",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "After the first half of the year results, which came below our expectations, we reduce our estimates to account for weakness in Brazil and other Latin American countries operations.",
    "output": "[Cause] weakness in Brazil and other Latin American countries operations [Relation] cause [Effect] reduce our estimates",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "We also expect the increasing awareness of the importance of software security in chips and applications to propel mid- to high-teens growth for Synopsys' newer software integrity segment, with total revenue surpassing $700 million in fiscal 2025.",
    "output": "[Cause] increasing awareness of the importance of software security in chips and applications [Relation] cause [Effect] propel mid- to high-teens growth for Synopsys' newer software integrity segment",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.1408443450927734,
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  {
    "input": "The $3 billion of cash proceeds from its renewable energy, NRG Yield, and South Central business sales helped NRG finance the Direct Energy acquisition with no new equity.",
    "output": "[Cause] The $3 billion of cash proceeds from its renewable energy, NRG Yield, and South Central business sales [Relation] enable [Effect] helped NRG finance the Direct Energy acquisition with no new equity",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
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  {
    "input": "We suspect that the traffic-driving values that Costco offers in its stores are fueled by cost leverage and procurement strength that, in turn, feeds additional store visits.",
    "output": "[Cause] cost leverage and procurement strength [Relation] enable [Effect] traffic-driving values that Costco offers in its stores",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Given the high degree of operating leverage in the company's business, moderate changes in revenue can have an outsize effect on earnings.",
    "output": "[Cause] high degree of operating leverage in the company's business [Relation] cause [Effect] moderate changes in revenue can have an outsize effect on earnings",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4754926562309265,
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  {
    "input": "Given the high degree of operating leverage in the company's business, moderate changes in revenue can have an outsize effect on earnings.",
    "output": "[Cause] high degree of operating leverage in the company's business [Relation] cause [Effect] moderate changes in revenue can have an outsize effect on earnings",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.2585705518722534,
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  {
    "input": "COVID-19 had a pronounced impact on global travel demand, causing Las Vegas Sands' total 2020 revenue to decline 74%.",
    "output": "[Cause] COVID-19 had a pronounced impact on global travel demand [Relation] cause [Effect] causing Las Vegas Sands' total 2020 revenue to decline 74%",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "We acknowledge that P&G's mix of essential, trusted items are being propped up at present by the pandemic, with consumers' proclivity for personal and home cleaning and health-related fare.",
    "output": "[Cause] consumers' proclivity for personal and home cleaning and health-related fare [Relation] enable [Effect] P&G's mix of essential, trusted items are being propped up at present by the pandemic",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
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    "cosine": 1.472851812839508,
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  {
    "input": "The Core-Mark acquisition will materially add to sales in 2022 and 2023, and we assume a 1% contribution from small tuck-in acquisitions in 2024 and beyond.",
    "output": "[Cause] The Core-Mark acquisition and small tuck-in acquisitions [Relation] cause [Effect] materially add to sales in 2022 and 2023 and assume a 1% contribution from small tuck-in acquisitions in 2024 and beyond",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Many companies are also placing increasing importance on chip customization as a point of differentiation. These trends have provided a boon for Cadence, as the firm's tools are essential for designers needing to keep pace with growing demands.",
    "output": "[Cause] Many companies are placing increasing importance on chip customization as a point of differentiation [Relation] cause [Effect] provided a boon for Cadence",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3975402116775513,
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  {
    "input": "The company produces chemicals from high-sulfur coal, which expose it to potential emissions regulations that could disproportionately affect Eastman over other chemicals producers that use only natural gas.",
    "output": "[Cause] The company produces chemicals from high-sulfur coal [Relation] cause [Effect] potential emissions regulations that could disproportionately affect Eastman",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "The company's two core products are Munis, which is the core ERP system, and Odyssey, which is the court management system. These systems enable normal operations of governmental units, including financial management, human resources, revenue management, tax billing, and asset management.",
    "output": "[Cause] The company's two core products are Munis and Odyssey [Relation] enable [Effect] enable normal operations of governmental units, including financial management, human resources, revenue management, tax billing, and asset management",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "input": "However, as share-based compensation represents a significant portion of operating costs, we don't expect GAAP operating income or net income to turn positive until the middle of the decade.",
    "output": "[Cause] share-based compensation represents a significant portion of operating costs [Relation] prevent [Effect] GAAP operating income or net income to turn positive until the middle of the decade",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
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  {
    "input": "Not only do Latin America and Iberia share the Spanish or Portuguese language, but there are also meaningful trade flows between the regions, based on a shared history.",
    "output": "[Cause] Latin America and Iberia share the Spanish or Portuguese language, shared history [Relation] enable [Effect] meaningful trade flows between the regions",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "We are raising our fair value estimate on Urban Outfitters to $31 per share from $29 as it recovers from a 13% sales decline in fiscal 2021 due to the pandemic.",
    "output": "[Cause] recovery from a 13% sales decline in fiscal 2021 due to the pandemic [Relation] cause [Effect] raising fair value estimate on Urban Outfitters to $31 per share from $29",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "We are raising our fair value estimate on Urban Outfitters to $31 per share from $29 as it recovers from a 13% sales decline in fiscal 2021 due to the pandemic.",
    "output": "[Cause] recovery from a 13% sales decline in fiscal 2021 due to the pandemic [Relation] cause [Effect] raising our fair value estimate on Urban Outfitters to $31 per share from $29",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "On the yield side, we expect Carnival to see modest pricing pressure to entice cruisers back onto the product after COVID-19 subsides (mitigated somewhat by lower total capacity as older ships are scrapped or sold).",
    "output": "[Cause] pricing pressure to entice cruisers back onto the product after COVID-19 subsides [Relation] cause [Effect] Carnival to see modest pricing pressure",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Changing an engineering team to a Creo team from a Catia team would involve significant retraining and pose significant risks.",
    "output": "[Cause] Changing an engineering team to a Creo team from a Catia team [Relation] cause [Effect] involve significant retraining, pose significant risks",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4693078398704529,
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  {
    "input": "Because of its R&amp;D efforts and technical know-how, Honeywell has virtually shut out other competitors in awarded contracts for avionics (aviation electronics), auxiliary power units, and mechanical systems (for example landing gear) since 2013.",
    "output": "[Cause] R&D efforts and technical know-how of Honeywell [Relation] enable [Effect] Honeywell has virtually shut out other competitors in awarded contracts for avionics, auxiliary power units, and mechanical systems since 2013",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "The good news is that, on average, e-commerce warehousing requires about three times more space as traditional warehousing, so the increased demand has allowed the company to construct speculative developments, which often carry higher margins, albeit with more risk.",
    "output": "[Cause] increased demand for e-commerce warehousing [Relation] enable [Effect] the company can construct speculative developments",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "input": "The good news is that, on average, e-commerce warehousing requires about three times more space as traditional warehousing, so the increased demand has allowed the company to construct speculative developments, which often carry higher margins, albeit with more risk.",
    "output": "[Cause] increased demand for e-commerce warehousing [Relation] enable [Effect] the company can construct speculative developments",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Following fourth-quarter results, we are raising our margin forecasts to give CSX more credit for solid PSR-related execution given the firm's steady efficiency gains.",
    "output": "[Cause] solid PSR-related execution given the firm's steady efficiency gains [Relation] enable [Effect] raising margin forecasts to give CSX more credit",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "The E&amp;P business also faced new challenges as the government revised existing oil and gas laws so that Petrobras would have to participate in future offshore licenses at less attractive financial terms.",
    "output": "[Cause] the government revised existing oil and gas laws [Relation] cause [Effect] Petrobras would have to participate in future offshore licenses at less attractive financial terms",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "input": "However, we remain optimistic about the sector's longer-term prospects given that the industry should eventually recover from the impact of the virus, supply will likely fall below the historical average in the coming years, and the demographic boon will create a massive spike in demand for senior housing.",
    "output": "[Cause] the industry should eventually recover from the impact of the virus [Relation] cause [Effect] longer-term prospects of the sector remain optimistic",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "We consider occupancy rate at a historically high level and project that it will gradually approach 90% once the overall portfolio becomes more representative of the recent expansion.",
    "output": "[Cause] the overall portfolio becomes more representative of the recent expansion [Relation] cause [Effect] occupancy rate will gradually approach 90%",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "As IT teams offload workloads to public clouds and embrace hybrid-cloud environments, we believe enterprises will continue to use rely on networking equipment leaders for managing and securing the interconnections between all the data locations.",
    "output": "[Cause] IT teams offload workloads to public clouds and embrace hybrid-cloud environments [Relation] cause [Effect] enterprises will continue to rely on networking equipment leaders for managing and securing the interconnections between all the data locations",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "For instance, in 2018, the Brazilian real's strong depreciation to the euro caused a negative exchange rate effect of 16%. As a result, despite a stable organic revenues year on year in the Brazilian market, the reported revenue generated in Brazil decreased by 15.8% over 2017.",
    "output": "[Cause] the Brazilian real's strong depreciation to the euro [Relation] cause [Effect] negative exchange rate effect of 16%",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "These advantages manifest themselves in the form of lower operating costs, lower credit costs, lower regulatory costs, and lower absolute levels and better diversification of risk, all of which allow the banks to achieve greater risk-adjusted returns.",
    "output": "[Cause] lower operating costs, lower credit costs, lower regulatory costs, lower absolute levels and better diversification of risk [Relation] enable [Effect] allow the banks to achieve greater risk-adjusted returns",
    "gold": 0,
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    "input": "Also, once a drug's key patents expire, generic manufacturers often seek to utilize the same production methods that were used by the branded manufacturer to reduce product variability, and that adoption by generic manufacturers can create an even longer benefit period for Agilent on a specific molecule.",
    "output": "[Cause] generic manufacturers seek to utilize the same production methods that were used by the branded manufacturer to reduce product variability [Relation] cause [Effect] create an even longer benefit period for Agilent on a specific molecule",
    "gold": 0,
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    "input": "Also, once a drug's key patents expire, generic manufacturers often seek to utilize the same production methods that were used by the branded manufacturer to reduce product variability, and that adoption by generic manufacturers can create an even longer benefit period for Agilent on a specific molecule.",
    "output": "[Cause] generic manufacturers seeking to utilize the same production methods [Relation] enable [Effect] create an even longer benefit period for Agilent on a specific molecule",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "Additionally, the service business backed by a major national brand, as the commercial business coming from Interline and HD Supply could build brand loyalty and keep consumers returning to a trusted source, something that could be hard to duplicate for a new entrant.",
    "output": "[Cause] the service business backed by a major national brand, as the commercial business coming from Interline and HD Supply could build brand loyalty [Relation] enable [Effect] keep consumers returning to a trusted source, something that could be hard to duplicate for a new entrant",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "An aggregated view of all personal and financial information, updated in real time, is also advantageous to customers taking multiple products.",
    "output": "[Cause] An aggregated view of all personal and financial information, updated in real time [Relation] enable [Effect] advantageous to customers taking multiple products",
    "gold": 1,
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  {
    "input": "First, as the 9,800 miles of pipes across 15 states connects refineries to end markets such as gas stations via 54 Magellan terminals, demand is highly stable as it depends on consumer demand in terms of miles driven and fuel efficiency.",
    "output": "[Cause] 9,800 miles of pipes across 15 states connects refineries to end markets such as gas stations via 54 Magellan terminals [Relation] enable [Effect] demand is highly stable as it depends on consumer demand in terms of miles driven and fuel efficiency",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "Longer term, we think this is a segment that will grow at around 3.5%, in line with consumer products more broadly, as pricemix is likely to be more limited.",
    "output": "[Cause] pricemix is likely to be more limited [Relation] cause [Effect] segment will grow at around 3.5%, in line with consumer products more broadly",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "As networks expand operations and increase wireless access points, Cisco's wireless products can become more deeply ingrained in a customer's network.",
    "output": "[Cause] networks expand operations and increase wireless access points [Relation] enable [Effect] Cisco's wireless products can become more deeply ingrained in a customer's network",
    "gold": 1,
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  {
    "input": "Wine/spirits will be more of a mixed bag, as the firm seeks to realign its portfolio following the divestiture of underperforming brands to E&J Gallo by the end of fiscal 2021 (to focus on what management refers to as ''''''''Power Brands'''''''').",
    "output": "[Cause] the divestiture of underperforming brands to E&J Gallo [Relation] cause [Effect] the firm seeks to realign its portfolio",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "This suggests it will likely follow peers in announcing an acceleration in the timing and increase in the amount of its renewable energy investments as it pursues its emission intensity targets.",
    "output": "[Cause] pursuing emission intensity targets [Relation] cause [Effect] likely follow peers in announcing an acceleration in the timing and increase in the amount of its renewable energy investments",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "Zions' interest expense relative to total deposits has improved substantially relative to peers over the past cycle, largely driven by huge gains in non-interest-bearing deposits and its slightly lower-than-average cost of interest-bearing deposits.",
    "output": "[Cause] huge gains in non-interest-bearing deposits and its slightly lower-than-average cost of interest-bearing deposits [Relation] cause [Effect] Zions' interest expense relative to total deposits has improved substantially relative to peers over the past cycle",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
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  {
    "input": "As such, full-cycle break-even costs exceed $60/boe WTI, hampering Crescent Point's ability to generate sustainable excess returns on invested capital.",
    "output": "[Cause] full-cycle break-even costs exceed $60/boe WTI [Relation] prevent [Effect] hampering Crescent Point's ability to generate sustainable excess returns on invested capital",
    "gold": 1,
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  {
    "input": "Seagate's consumer HDD revenue has been declining in the high-teens over the past several years as consumer SSDs have come close enough to cost parity to establish mainstream crossover.",
    "output": "[Cause] consumer SSDs have come close enough to cost parity to establish mainstream crossover [Relation] enable [Effect] Seagate's consumer HDD revenue has been declining in the high-teens over the past several years",
    "gold": 1,
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    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.4853336811065674,
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  {
    "input": "Twilio is a leading communications platform as a service, or cPaaS, firm that enables developers to integrate communications capabilities such as messaging, voice, and video into client-facing products, thus helping businesses strengthen customer engagement worldwide.",
    "output": "[Cause] Twilio enables developers to integrate communications capabilities into client-facing products [Relation] enable [Effect] helping businesses strengthen customer engagement worldwide",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "We also think there is more room for margin expansion in the technology and analytics segment with automation helping to reduce costs.",
    "output": "[Cause] automation helping to reduce costs [Relation] enable [Effect] more room for margin expansion in the technology and analytics segment",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "Should Nvidia be successful in acquiring ARM and realizing its goal of developing a server CPU based on ARM architecture (something both Broadcom and Qualcomm failed at), there is a strong potential for Nvidia to realize substantial revenue synergies in its data center segment.",
    "output": "[Cause] Nvidia acquiring ARM and developing a server CPU based on ARM architecture [Relation] enable [Effect] strong potential for Nvidia to realize substantial revenue synergies in its data center segment",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "A new wave of high-margin projects combined with reduced capital spending should bolster free cash flow growth and improve returns.",
    "output": "[Cause] A new wave of high-margin projects combined with reduced capital spending [Relation] enable [Effect] bolster free cash flow growth and improve returns",
    "gold": 1,
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  {
    "input": "Ferguson's RMI exposure should support future revenue stability and margin expansion opportunities as project work in the repair and remodel market is typically less cyclical with higher profit margins compared with new construction projects (RMI projects are usually smaller and nondiscretionary).",
    "output": "[Cause] RMI exposure should support future revenue stability and margin expansion opportunities [Relation] enable [Effect] project work in the repair and remodel market is typically less cyclical with higher profit margins compared with new construction projects",
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    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4120311737060547,
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  {
    "input": "Our fair value uncertainty rating for Facebook is high, based on uncertainty over future advertising growth rates and additional regulations restricting Facebook's access to and use of data, both of which drive growth in the firm's source of revenue.",
    "output": "[Cause] uncertainty over future advertising growth rates and additional regulations restricting Facebook's access to and use of data [Relation] cause [Effect] fair value uncertainty rating for Facebook is high",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3496850728988647,
    "pred": 0
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  {
    "input": "While the firm periodically will refine the size and location of offices to adjust for demand fluctuations, its global network is largely established.",
    "output": "[Cause] firm periodically refining the size and location of offices to adjust for demand fluctuations [Relation] enable [Effect] global network largely established",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.337222397327423,
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  {
    "input": "That said, asset-based truckers often see temporary margin benefits during periods of rapid fuel price declines, as it takes time to adjust fuel surcharge programs to shippers.",
    "output": "[Cause] periods of rapid fuel price declines [Relation] cause [Effect] asset-based truckers often see temporary margin benefits",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.377851128578186,
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  {
    "input": "For example, the Medicare for All scenario debated in the Democratic primaries called for the elimination of the private insurance industry, which would have threatened much of the company's operations.",
    "output": "[Cause] the Medicare for All scenario debated in the Democratic primaries called for the elimination of the private insurance industry [Relation] cause [Effect] threatened much of the company's operations",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.5,
    "pred": 1
  },
  {
    "input": "Similarly, once a chip is designed into a device, it is rarely swapped out, particularly in cases where parts need to be qualified to meet strict specifications.",
    "output": "[Cause] parts need to be qualified to meet strict specifications [Relation] cause [Effect] once a chip is designed into a device, it is rarely swapped out",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3473843336105347,
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  {
    "input": "Over the next five years, we forecast operating margin contraction of 70 basis points, due to the tough comparison of fiscal 2021 that saw abnormal margins from COVID-19 tailwinds, including high employee utilization and offshore mix.",
    "output": "[Cause] tough comparison of fiscal 2021 that saw abnormal margins from COVID-19 tailwinds, including high employee utilization and offshore mix [Relation] cause [Effect] operating margin contraction of 70 basis points",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.244783103466034,
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  {
    "input": "Over the next five years, we forecast operating margin contraction of 70 basis points, due to the tough comparison of fiscal 2021 that saw abnormal margins from COVID-19 tailwinds, including high employee utilization and offshore mix.",
    "output": "[Cause] tough comparison of fiscal 2021 that saw abnormal margins from COVID-19 tailwinds, including high employee utilization and offshore mix [Relation] cause [Effect] forecast operating margin contraction of 70 basis points",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.1963591575622559,
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  },
  {
    "input": "Over the next five years, we forecast operating margin contraction of 70 basis points, due to the tough comparison of fiscal 2021 that saw abnormal margins from COVID-19 tailwinds, including high employee utilization and offshore mix.",
    "output": "[Cause] tough comparison of fiscal 2021 that saw abnormal margins from COVID-19 tailwinds, including high employee utilization and offshore mix [Relation] cause [Effect] operating margin contraction of 70 basis points",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.174586296081543,
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  {
    "input": "MetLife also is divesting its property and casualty insurance (auto) business, which we believe makes sense as there is minimal strategic benefit to having a small auto insurance business in its portfolio.",
    "output": "[Cause] there is minimal strategic benefit to having a small auto insurance business in its portfolio [Relation] cause [Effect] MetLife is divesting its property and casualty insurance (auto) business",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4875813126564026,
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  },
  {
    "input": "If Grifols is unable to bring an IG product to market with higher pricing power (like Takeda's HyQvia or CSL's Hizentra), it could lose market share.",
    "output": "[Cause] Grifols is unable to bring an IG product to market with higher pricing power [Relation] cause [Effect] it could lose market share",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.5000004768371582,
    "pred": 1
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  {
    "input": "In our view, Cogent's biggest ESG risk is that of a data or security breach, given the firm is one of the biggest Internet transit providers in the world and runs corporate networks, resulting in individuals' and corporations' most sensitive information in its care.",
    "output": "[Cause] Cogent is one of the biggest Internet transit providers in the world and runs corporate networks, resulting in individuals' and corporations' most sensitive information in its care. [Relation] cause [Effect] ESG risk of a data or security breach",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.234810709953308,
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  {
    "input": "In response, Nike took the possibly unprecedented step of reducing its minimum advertised price to move excess inventory.",
    "output": "[Cause] excess inventory [Relation] cause [Effect] Nike took the possibly unprecedented step of reducing its minimum advertised price to move excess inventory",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.2736749053001404,
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  {
    "input": "Broadly, the firm is an acquisitive holding company that targets firms that produce proprietary aircraft components with high aftermarket content, thus benefiting from razor-and-blade business models.",
    "output": "[Cause] targeting firms that produce proprietary aircraft components with high aftermarket content [Relation] cause [Effect] benefiting from razor-and-blade business models",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.374808132648468,
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  {
    "input": "Broadly, the firm is an acquisitive holding company that targets firms that produce proprietary aircraft components with high aftermarket content, thus benefiting from razor-and-blade business models.",
    "output": "[Cause] the firm targets firms that produce proprietary aircraft components with high aftermarket content [Relation] cause [Effect] benefiting from razor-and-blade business models",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3924850225448608,
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  {
    "input": "As more buyers and sellers trade a proprietary product, it becomes increasingly liquid and therefore cheaper for investors to transact business on a single exchange.",
    "output": "[Cause] more buyers and sellers trade a proprietary product [Relation] enable [Effect] it becomes increasingly liquid",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.2955254316329956,
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  {
    "input": "The industry is already full of strong competition, so it is nearly impossible for one firm to gain a sustainable advantage.",
    "output": "[Cause] The industry is already full of strong competition [Relation] prevent [Effect] it is nearly impossible for one firm to gain a sustainable advantage",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.474021077156067,
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  {
    "input": "As evidence of Coach's superior pricing power, its gross margins (currently about 73%) have been consistently higher than those of Michael Kors (currently about 63%).",
    "output": "[Cause] Coach's superior pricing power [Relation] enable [Effect] its gross margins have been consistently higher than those of Michael Kors",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4463342428207397,
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  {
    "input": "We expect revenue to grow at an organic 5% annualized rate over our five-year forecast period as automaker customers focus on reducing vehicle emissions and launch electrified vehicle models.",
    "output": "[Cause] automaker customers focus on reducing vehicle emissions and launch electrified vehicle models [Relation] enable [Effect] revenue to grow at an organic 5% annualized rate over our five-year forecast period",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.4685674905776978,
    "pred": 1
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  {
    "input": "There are industry constituents that also have sizable franchises and financial resources, which could cause the competitive environment to become promotional.",
    "output": "[Cause] industry constituents that also have sizable franchises and financial resources [Relation] cause [Effect] the competitive environment to become promotional",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.499999761581421,
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  {
    "input": "Avnet has made similar moves to address the growing \"\"\"\"maker\"\"\"\" market by acquiring Dragon Innovation and Hackster.io, and by securing a partnership with Kickstarter.",
    "output": "[Cause] to address the growing \"maker\" market [Relation] enable [Effect] Avnet has made similar moves by acquiring Dragon Innovation and Hackster.io, and by securing a partnership with Kickstarter",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3388404846191406,
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  {
    "input": "We believe the substantial technical know-how required to build missiles and integrate missiles within various military aircraft provides a steep barrier to entry, and that non-defense contractors would be unwilling to make the substantial fixed cost investment required to enter this market.",
    "output": "[Cause] the substantial technical know-how required to build missiles and integrate missiles within various military aircraft [Relation] cause, prevent [Effect] a steep barrier to entry",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.4664543271064758,
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  {
    "input": "By building a fleet of rigs optimal for the efficient horizontal drilling that offers the best economics for oil and gas producers, H&P has positioned itself on the leading edge of industry trends.",
    "output": "[Cause] building a fleet of rigs optimal for efficient horizontal drilling [Relation] enable [Effect] H&P has positioned itself on the leading edge of industry trends",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3233529925346375,
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  {
    "input": "By building a fleet of rigs optimal for the efficient horizontal drilling that offers the best economics for oil and gas producers, H&P has positioned itself on the leading edge of industry trends.",
    "output": "[Cause] building a fleet of rigs optimal for efficient horizontal drilling [Relation] enable [Effect] H&P has positioned itself on the leading edge of industry trends",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.1417419910430908,
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  {
    "input": "Customer service is another mission-critical function that directly helps a company attract and retain customers and therefore also is associated with driving revenue.",
    "output": "[Cause] Customer service is another mission-critical function [Relation] enable [Effect] directly helps a company attract and retain customers",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.387562870979309,
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  {
    "input": "If DAPL were to shut down permanently (we estimate a 50% probability this could occur), Oneok's exposure is less than $50 million in EBITDA in 2021 (assuming an April shutdown), so perhaps up to $75 million annually.",
    "output": "[Cause] DAPL shut down permanently (with a 50% probability) [Relation] cause [Effect] Oneok's exposure is less than $50 million in EBITDA in 2021 (assuming an April shutdown), so perhaps up to $75 million annually",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.451422929763794,
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  {
    "input": "If DAPL were to shut down permanently (we estimate a 50% probability this could occur), Oneok's exposure is less than $50 million in EBITDA in 2021 (assuming an April shutdown), so perhaps up to $75 million annually.",
    "output": "[Cause] If DAPL were to shut down permanently (we estimate a 50% probability this could occur) [Relation] cause [Effect] Oneok's exposure is less than $50 million in EBITDA in 2021 (assuming an April shutdown), so perhaps up to $75 million annually.",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3122105598449707,
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  {
    "input": "For one, concerns surrounding COVID-19 have plagued its professional segment prospects (with underlying sales that slumped 6% in fiscal 2020), as this business derives more than half of its sales from washroom products in offices and travel locations that continue to suffer from low traffic.",
    "output": "[Cause] concerns surrounding COVID-19 [Relation] cause [Effect] professional segment prospects plagued, underlying sales slumped 6% in fiscal 2020",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3407803773880005,
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  {
    "input": "ING's other operations, outside of its German business, does detract somewhat from overall profitability, ING has generated a consolidated average ROE of 11% over the last three years.",
    "output": "[Cause] ING's other operations, outside of its German business, does detract somewhat from overall profitability [Relation] cause [Effect] ING has generated a consolidated average ROE of 11% over the last three years",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.313042163848877,
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  {
    "input": "The dividend increase in the first quarter of 2020 was only 2.6%, and no increase is expected in 2021 due to the fallout from the bribery scandal.",
    "output": "[Cause] fallout from the bribery scandal [Relation] prevent [Effect] no increase in the dividend in 2021",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3014968633651733,
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  {
    "input": "Additionally, higher inflation could limit earnings growth since Mettler may find it difficult to pass along price increases to customers above the typical 2%-3% range.",
    "output": "[Cause] higher inflation [Relation] cause [Effect] could limit earnings growth",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.2543712854385376,
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  {
    "input": "As Wesco expands its top line, we expect operating margins will improve as it realizes operating leverage and synergies from the Anixter acquisition.",
    "output": "[Cause] As Wesco expands its top line [Relation] enable [Effect] operating margins will improve as it realizes operating leverage and synergies from the Anixter acquisition",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4238113164901733,
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  {
    "input": "As Wesco expands its top line, we expect operating margins will improve as it realizes operating leverage and synergies from the Anixter acquisition.",
    "output": "[Cause] Wesco expands its top line [Relation] enable [Effect] operating margins will improve",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.5000001192092896,
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  {
    "input": "We expect Honda to not grow as well in China as firms such as General Motors and Volkswagen, as these larger firms have more product offerings in SUVs, luxury models, and in GM's case full-size pickups.",
    "output": "[Cause] larger firms have more product offerings in SUVs, luxury models, and full-size pickups [Relation] prevent [Effect] Honda to not grow as well in China compared to General Motors and Volkswagen",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4469233751296997,
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  {
    "input": "We're raising our fair value estimate for Regeneron to $500 from $473 after further increasing our Dupixent estimates and updating for recent U.S.",
    "output": "[Cause] further increasing our Dupixent estimates and updating for recent U.S. [Relation] cause [Effect] raising our fair value estimate for Regeneron to $500 from $473",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.4733237028121948,
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  {
    "input": "We see some evidence of customer switching costs as technicians become familiar with Matco's platform, and we expect the firm's SaaS-based offerings to help grow the business' recurring revenue stream and increase customer stickiness in the long run.",
    "output": "[Cause] technicians become familiar with Matco's platform [Relation] cause [Effect] evidence of customer switching costs",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.0701422691345215,
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  {
    "input": "According to DHS, these types of monitors are also preferable because they provide a nonintrusive means of screening people, vehicles, or other objects when testing for the presence of these materials, saving governments time and expense.",
    "output": "[Cause] provide a nonintrusive means of screening people, vehicles, or other objects when testing for the presence of these materials [Relation] enable [Effect] saving governments time and expense",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3584729433059692,
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  {
    "input": "Furthermore, we think new emission regulation will likely be introduced gradually over the next decade. This will give LKQ time to continue evolving the sustainability of its operations and reducing its impact on the environment.",
    "output": "[Cause] new emission regulation will likely be introduced gradually over the next decade [Relation] cause [Effect] give LKQ time to continue evolving the sustainability of its operations and reducing its impact on the environment",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.4394089579582214,
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  {
    "input": "We think the firm's legacy segment, asset intelligence and tracking, will grow at an annual rate of 5% after 2020, maintaining Zebra's share in the slower-growth barcode printing market.",
    "output": "[Cause] maintaining Zebra's share in the slower-growth barcode printing market [Relation] cause [Effect] the firm's legacy segment, asset intelligence and tracking, will grow at an annual rate of 5% after 2020",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.485349714756012,
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  {
    "input": "Amphenol competes against myriad competitors in the fragmented electrical component industry, but its broad array of end markets allows it to grow the top line even in the midst of an individual market downturn.",
    "output": "[Cause] its broad array of end markets [Relation] enable [Effect] allows Amphenol to grow the top line even in the midst of an individual market downturn",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3158454298973083,
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  {
    "input": "Longer-acting products Aranesp and Neulasta were launched in 2001-02, just as the firm decided to acquire Immunex and bring immunology drug Enbrel into its portfolio. These highly profitable biologics continue to drive very strong Drug Manufacturers - Generalfree cash flows for the firm, generally around 40% of sales.",
    "output": "[Cause] Longer-acting products Aranesp and Neulasta were launched in 2001-02, acquired Immunex and brought immunology drug Enbrel into its portfolio [Relation] cause, enable [Effect] These highly profitable biologics continue to drive very strong Drug Manufacturers - General free cash flows for the firm, generally around 40% of sales",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.470042109489441,
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  {
    "input": "While we remain confident that Google will maintain its dominant position in the search market, a long-lasting downturn in online ad spending could have a negative impact on Alphabet's revenue and cash flow, resulting in a lower fair value estimate.",
    "output": "[Cause] a long-lasting downturn in online ad spending. [Relation] cause [Effect] negative impact on Alphabet's revenue and cash flow, resulting in a lower fair value estimate.",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.463415503501892,
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  {
    "input": "We expect returns on invested capital to hover just above the firm's cost of capital after the company's Cameron liquid natural gas export project came on line.",
    "output": "[Cause] the company's Cameron liquid natural gas export project came on line [Relation] cause [Effect] returns on invested capital to hover just above the firm's cost of capital",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.4607279300689697,
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  {
    "input": "We think BCE will be less vulnerable than Telus to Shaw's Freedom Mobile due to its lack of overlapping wireline footprint in western Canada.",
    "output": "[Cause] lack of overlapping wireline footprint in western Canada [Relation] prevent [Effect] BCE will be less vulnerable than Telus to Shaw's Freedom Mobile",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.48695307970047,
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  {
    "input": "The most significant ESG risk the firm faces is human capital risk; that is, the risk that Ferguson is unable to adequately recruit, train, and retain the talent needed to sell its products and services and manage its supply chain, which could lead to lost market share.",
    "output": "[Cause] Ferguson is unable to adequately recruit, train, and retain the talent needed to sell its products and services and manage its supply chain [Relation] cause [Effect] could lead to lost market share",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.0324941873550415,
    "pred": 0
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  {
    "input": "KeyCite Overruling risk offers an even more valuable feature--flagging cases that have been subsequently overturned, helping to avoid one of the most damaging cases in the practice of law--that of citing bad precedents.",
    "output": "[Cause] KeyCite Overruling risk [Relation] enable [Effect] flagging cases that have been subsequently overturned",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3858319520950317,
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  {
    "input": "We believe Deutsche enjoys good client relationships in this segment and can offer a wide product portfolio tailored for corporate Treasuries, although we do not think this constitutes a defensible, structural competitive advantage.",
    "output": "[Cause] Deutsche enjoys good client relationships in this segment and can offer a wide product portfolio tailored for corporate Treasuries [Relation] cause [Effect] this does not constitute a defensible, structural competitive advantage",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4261847734451294,
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  {
    "input": "While the fast growth of natural and organic products creates potential for Hain to elevate its standing with retailers, we believe its current market positions are too small for the company to be considered a strategically important partner at present.",
    "output": "[Cause] its current market positions are too small [Relation] prevent [Effect] Hain is not considered a strategically important partner at present",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.086924433708191,
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  {
    "input": "If depressed power prices weren't enough to deal with, management also has to navigate new carbon emission legislation that will phase out all coal-fired power plants in Alberta.",
    "output": "[Cause] new carbon emission legislation that will phase out all coal-fired power plants in Alberta [Relation] cause [Effect] management has to navigate",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.1939206719398499,
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  {
    "input": "If depressed power prices weren't enough to deal with, management also has to navigate new carbon emission legislation that will phase out all coal-fired power plants in Alberta.",
    "output": "[Cause] new carbon emission legislation that will phase out all coal-fired power plants in Alberta [Relation] cause [Effect] management has to navigate",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4673998355865479,
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  },
  {
    "input": "Its acquisition of SanDisk sets it up better than competitor Seagate, which has no NAND manufacturing capability, but compared to the duopoly in HDD leadership, flash is a fragmented market.",
    "output": "[Cause] Its acquisition of SanDisk sets it up better than competitor Seagate, which has no NAND manufacturing capability [Relation] enable [Effect] compared to the duopoly in HDD leadership, flash is a fragmented market",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.2260010242462158,
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  {
    "input": "Given its engineering teams already know the ins and outs of the products (and may even be located on-site), Amphenol is better suited to codevelop new technologies or accommodate modifications, adding greater value than a potential replacement.",
    "output": "[Cause] its engineering teams already know the ins and outs of the products (and may even be located on-site) [Relation] enable [Effect] Amphenol is better suited to codevelop new technologies or accommodate modifications, adding greater value than a potential replacement",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.384689450263977,
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  {
    "input": "We think working with cheaper tools can cause headaches for technicians, given the higher risk of breaks and the additional money needed to replace broken tools.",
    "output": "[Cause] working with cheaper tools [Relation] cause [Effect] higher risk of breaks and the additional money needed to replace broken tools",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3603844046592712,
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  },
  {
    "input": "We think working with cheaper tools can cause headaches for technicians, given the higher risk of breaks and the additional money needed to replace broken tools.",
    "output": "[Cause] working with cheaper tools [Relation] cause [Effect] higher risk of breaks and the additional money needed to replace broken tools",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3122194409370422,
    "pred": 0
  },
  {
    "input": "Facebook has increased users and user engagement by providing additional features and apps to keep them engaged within the Facebook ecosystem.",
    "output": "[Cause] providing additional features and apps to keep users engaged within the Facebook ecosystem [Relation] enable [Effect] increased users and user engagement",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4391556978225708,
    "pred": 1
  },
  {
    "input": "On the Service Desk side, however, Jira shines, as this solution is inexpensive compared with other leading peers, including ServiceNow, BMC (Remedy), and HP Enterprise.",
    "output": "[Cause] Jira is inexpensive compared with other leading peers, including ServiceNow, BMC (Remedy), and HP Enterprise. [Relation] cause [Effect] Jira shines on the Service Desk side",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.2913195490837097,
    "pred": 0
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  {
    "input": "While progress of smartphone cameras and the diffusion of high-end mirrorless interchangeable lens cameras is a threat to the business, we believe the combination of a DSLR camera and lenses produces the best-quality pictures, and thus solid demand for DSLRs will remain.",
    "output": "[Cause] progress of smartphone cameras and the diffusion of high-end mirrorless interchangeable lens cameras [Relation] cause [Effect] threat to the business",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.032564640045166,
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  {
    "input": "We also believe Accenture benefits from high customer switching costs as its key customers are loath to switch service providers for large or ongoing contracts.",
    "output": "[Cause] Accenture benefits from high customer switching costs [Relation] cause [Effect] key customers are loath to switch service providers for large or ongoing contracts",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4864225387573242,
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  {
    "input": "Android may also benefit from switching costs, as apps purchased on Google Play would have to be replicated on iOS, but we also do not see such costs as overwhelming.",
    "output": "[Cause] apps purchased on Google Play would have to be replicated on iOS [Relation] cause [Effect] Android may also benefit from switching costs",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.500000238418579,
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  {
    "input": "However, massive share erosion has occurred in 2020, as a result of factory shutdowns and dealer closures (due to COVID-19) as well as the push back of product launches until Spring 2021.",
    "output": "[Cause] factory shutdowns and dealer closures (due to COVID-19) as well as the push back of product launches until Spring 2021 [Relation] cause [Effect] massive share erosion has occurred in 2020",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.5000004768371582,
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  {
    "input": "The extensive bottling and distribution network yields symbiotic benefits to the firm's market share, as innovative products can be scaled broadly, helping to maintain consumer awareness of its brands.",
    "output": "[Cause] The extensive bottling and distribution network [Relation] enable [Effect] symbiotic benefits to the firm's market share",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 0.9218761920928955,
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  {
    "input": "Packaged-goods manufacturers have taken advantage of the recently benign commodity cost environment to lower prices in some markets, a strategy designed to help mitigate the loss of middle-market retailers to both discounters and high-end stores, but it has weighed on most manufacturers' organic growth.",
    "output": "[Cause] taking advantage of the recently benign commodity cost environment to lower prices in some markets [Relation] enable [Effect] help mitigate the loss of middle-market retailers to both discounters and high-end stores",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3479679822921753,
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  {
    "input": "PSEG's nuclear fleet benefits from New Jersey subsidies that ensure stable margins as the state moves toward its 100% renewable energy goal by 2050.",
    "output": "[Cause] New Jersey subsidies that ensure stable margins [Relation] enable [Effect] PSEG's nuclear fleet benefits",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.2452145218849182,
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  {
    "input": "In terms of switching costs, commercial banks have the advantage of being able to sell their clients a comprehensive suite of products, reducing sensitivity to interest paid on deposits as clients prefer the ease of maintaining all accounts in the same place.",
    "output": "[Cause] commercial banks being able to sell their clients a comprehensive suite of products [Relation] enable [Effect] reducing sensitivity to interest paid on deposits as clients prefer the ease of maintaining all accounts in the same place",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3925743103027344,
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    "input": "Coty is also lagging peers regarding its e-commerce efforts, as a high-teens percent of Coty's revenue is captured online, compared with 22% for Estee Lauder and 16% for L'Oreal.",
    "output": "[Cause] Coty's e-commerce efforts lagging peers [Relation] lagging [Effect] a high-teens percent of Coty's revenue is captured online compared to Estee Lauder and L'Oreal",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4572632312774658,
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  {
    "input": "In France, for example, tax credits have been put in place to lower employer payroll expenses to improve competitiveness, and we assume employers will continue to outsource recruiting to global staffers such as Manpower.",
    "output": "[Cause] tax credits have been put in place to lower employer payroll expenses to improve competitiveness [Relation] enable [Effect] employers will continue to outsource recruiting to global staffers such as Manpower",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.2928326725959778,
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  {
    "input": "Imax lowered the conversion time for a film from 16 weeks to one week, allowing Imax DMR to be released at the same time as standard films in multiple markets.",
    "output": "[Cause] Imax lowered the conversion time for a film from 16 weeks to one week [Relation] enable [Effect] Imax DMR can be released at the same time as standard films in multiple markets",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4428244829177856,
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  {
    "input": "We believe there are several other ways that Tim Hortons can leverage its brand to drive greater unit-level productivity at its Canada locations, many of which are analogous to improvements in the Burger King system. These include expanded daypart penetration outside the breakfast and coffee categories, product innovations, a wider selection of take-home coffee products (including additional single-serve products), reimaging efforts, and increased use of technology as a customer acquisition and throughput tool.",
    "output": "[Cause] Tim Hortons leveraging its brand to drive greater unit-level productivity at its Canada locations [Relation] enable [Effect] expanded daypart penetration outside the breakfast and coffee categories, product innovations, a wider selection of take-home coffee products, reimaging efforts, increased use of technology as a customer acquisition and throughput tool",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4537020921707153,
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  {
    "input": "In addition, CME's position within S&P futures likely contributed to the exchange's ability to attract additional equity index futures license agreements for the Nasdaq and Russell 2000 indexes, which returned to CME Group in 2017.",
    "output": "[Cause] CME's position within S&P futures [Relation] enable [Effect] contributed to the exchange's ability to attract additional equity index futures license agreements for the Nasdaq and Russell 2000 indexes",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.500000238418579,
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  {
    "input": "Additionally, boats are big-ticket items, and a slowdown in the global economy could hamper replacement and adoption rates for these recreational products.",
    "output": "[Cause] slowdown in the global economy [Relation] cause [Effect] hamper replacement and adoption rates for recreational products (boats)",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3028101921081543,
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  {
    "input": "The low value/weight characteristics of construction materials demand local production, which creates regional markets and limited benefits from multinational M&A.",
    "output": "[Cause] The low value/weight characteristics of construction materials demand local production [Relation] cause [Effect] creates regional markets and limited benefits from multinational M&A",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
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    "cosine": 1.4555214643478394,
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  {
    "input": "Sophisticated IT systems and market know-how enable customers to outsource intermodal shipping to an expert specialist, while Hub's large volume of loads and significant control of containers make it an attractive customer to the Class I railroads.",
    "output": "[Cause] Sophisticated IT systems and market know-how [Relation] enable [Effect] enable customers to outsource intermodal shipping to an expert specialist",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 0.9469214081764221,
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  {
    "input": "Second, there are many large private-label categories (like small-format water) where Treehouse has no presence. Consequently, one could argue that the total private-label food and beverage industry is not representative of the company's true addressable market.",
    "output": "[Cause] Treehouse has no presence in many large private-label categories [Relation] cause [Effect] the total private-label food and beverage industry is not representative of the company's true addressable market",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4600991010665894,
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  {
    "input": "We believe that the recent regulations will continue to marginalize smaller players, which may continue to benefit large players such as TAL and EDU.",
    "output": "[Cause] recent regulations [Relation] cause [Effect] continue to marginalize smaller players",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3183201551437378,
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  {
    "input": "In the next 10 years, we expect operating margins to increase from 2020's 17.3% to 18.2%, driven by improvements in the international segments.",
    "output": "[Cause] improvements in the international segments [Relation] cause [Effect] operating margins to increase from 2020's 17.3% to 18.2%",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
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    "cosine": 1.4649410247802734,
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  {
    "input": "Starbucks' position as a premium vendor of coffee, tea, and refresher beverages is widely recognized, as it has historically managed its positioning to avoid finding itself caught between discount competitors like Dunkin' and McDonald's McCaf\u8305 platform on the low end and specialty independent shops on the high end.",
    "output": "[Cause] Starbucks has historically managed its positioning [Relation] prevent [Effect] avoid finding itself caught between discount competitors like Dunkin' and McDonald's McCaf\u00e9 platform on the low end and specialty independent shops on the high end",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4216620922088623,
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  {
    "input": "These strengths have helped Home Depot deliver adjusted average returns on invested capital, excluding goodwill, of 37% during the past five years, benefiting from operational excellence at its core namesake business.",
    "output": "[Cause] operational excellence at its core namesake business [Relation] enable [Effect] Home Depot deliver adjusted average returns on invested capital, excluding goodwill, of 37% during the past five years",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3734272122383118,
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  {
    "input": "However, in 2012 the Federal government began to make cuts to Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement increases, reducing revenue growth and reducing profits to an even greater degree due to the thin margins for the industry.",
    "output": "[Cause] the Federal government began to make cuts to Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement increases [Relation] cause [Effect] reducing revenue growth and reducing profits to an even greater degree",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3417187333106995,
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  {
    "input": "Because of the third-party broker arrangement, there is little opportunity for Vornado to directly influence a leasing decision, and leasing terms tend to be specified to meet client needs and reflect current market rates coordinated through the brokers.",
    "output": "[Cause] the third-party broker arrangement [Relation] cause [Effect] little opportunity for Vornado to directly influence a leasing decision, leasing terms tend to be specified to meet client needs and reflect current market rates coordinated through the brokers",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4856048822402954,
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    "input": "Due to decreasing reliance on its personnel base, we assume Accenture will benefit from some operating leverage on the SG&A line, aiding in operating margin expansion from 14.7% in fiscal 2020 to 15.9% in fiscal 2025.",
    "output": "[Cause] decreasing reliance on its personnel base [Relation] enable [Effect] Accenture will benefit from some operating leverage on the SG&A line, aiding in operating margin expansion",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3696344494819641,
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  {
    "input": "But even this modest impact overstates the economic reality, as much of the decline in growth is expected to come from a fall-off in deconversion fees, given that M&A activity among banks has declined significantly due to the uncertainty created by COVID-19.",
    "output": "[Cause] the uncertainty created by COVID-19 [Relation] cause [Effect] decline in M&A activity among banks",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4797471761703491,
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    "input": "As we expect Vontier to follow the Danaher and Fortive business model and continue to drive growth through M&A, another threat to our thesis is acquisition risk as the company could overpay for acquisitions and experience challenges integrating acquired companies.",
    "output": "[Cause] Vontier following the Danaher and Fortive business model and continue to drive growth through M&A [Relation] cause [Effect] acquisition risk as the company could overpay for acquisitions and experience challenges integrating acquired companies",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3858884572982788,
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    "input": "As we expect Vontier to follow the Danaher and Fortive business model and continue to drive growth through M&A, another threat to our thesis is acquisition risk as the company could overpay for acquisitions and experience challenges integrating acquired companies.",
    "output": "[Cause] the expectation for Vontier to follow the Danaher and Fortive business model and continue to drive growth through M&A [Relation] cause [Effect] acquisition risk as the company could overpay for acquisitions and experience challenges integrating acquired companies",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Some of the most vulnerable areas of risk would include the high quality standards that labs must follow to ensure results are accurate and valid, as well as the possibility of getting caught up in Medicare fraud through incorrect or overbilling.",
    "output": "[Cause] the high quality standards that labs must follow to ensure results are accurate and valid, as well as the possibility of getting caught up in Medicare fraud through incorrect or overbilling [Relation] cause [Effect] the most vulnerable areas of risk",
    "gold": 0,
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    "cosine": 1.4399300813674927,
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  {
    "input": "While the barriers to entry are not significant for the industry, the barriers to success are extremely high--as it takes time and skill to not only put together a long enough record of investment performance to start gathering assets but to build the scale necessary to be competitive.",
    "output": "[Cause] barriers to entry are not significant for the industry [Relation] cause [Effect] barriers to success are extremely high",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "In the near term, claims losses associated with the coronavirus will pressure underwriting profitability, but we expect better pricing to allow for some improvement in underwriting results over time, and lower investment yields will necessitate better underwriting margins.",
    "output": "[Cause] claims losses associated with the coronavirus [Relation] cause [Effect] pressure underwriting profitability",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "Pentair derives roughly two thirds of its revenue from aftermarket service and replacement parts, which are largely tied to its large installed base.",
    "output": "[Cause] Pentair's large installed base [Relation] enable [Effect] Pentair derives roughly two thirds of its revenue from aftermarket service and replacement parts",
    "gold": 0,
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    "cosine": 1.4307169318199158,
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  {
    "input": "In the mobile payment segment, as Weixin's user base expands, more users will adopt Weixin Pay, which is embedded in Weixin, and in turn, more merchants will accept Weixin Pay.",
    "output": "[Cause] Weixin's user base expands [Relation] enable [Effect] more users will adopt Weixin Pay",
    "gold": 1,
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    "cosine": 1.4622738361358643,
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  {
    "input": "We project that the firm will able to continue to expand its gross margins to 76.7% by fiscal 2025 as the percentage of revenue from microtransactions and digital downloads continues to increase.",
    "output": "[Cause] the percentage of revenue from microtransactions and digital downloads continues to increase [Relation] cause [Effect] the firm will be able to continue to expand its gross margins to 76.7% by fiscal 2025",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "IQVIA easily belongs in the top tier of large, global CROs with the infrastructure to win these contracts, and its size means it works on more clinical trials than any competitor, further sharpening its clinical and regulatory expertise and network of clients.",
    "output": "[Cause] its size means it works on more clinical trials than any competitor [Relation] enable [Effect] further sharpening its clinical and regulatory expertise and network of clients",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.0029640197753906,
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  {
    "input": "With our outlook for sales growth dim, we think enhancing profitability is Lumen's best path to improved financial performance.",
    "output": "[Cause] outlook for sales growth dim [Relation] cause [Effect] enhancing profitability is Lumen's best path to improved financial performance",
    "gold": 1,
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  {
    "input": "We believe operating margin will reach 16.3% in 2023 as it captures more high margin services revenue before declining to a midcycle level of over 15.4% in 2025.",
    "output": "[Cause] capturing more high margin services revenue [Relation] enable [Effect] operating margin will reach 16.3% in 2023",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "A focus on debt repayment post the 2015-16 downturn, and current stronger commodity prices and earnings, see BHP in strong financial shape.",
    "output": "[Cause] A focus on debt repayment post the 2015-16 downturn, and current stronger commodity prices and earnings [Relation] enable [Effect] BHP in strong financial shape",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.500000238418579,
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  {
    "input": "The top lens manufacturers mandate that retailers sell their product above the same minimum price, which leads to almost all retailers setting their respective prices at this price floor, though most manufacturers offer volume-based rebates to optometrists to foster clinician brand loyalty.",
    "output": "[Cause] The top lens manufacturers mandate that retailers sell their product above the same minimum price [Relation] enable [Effect] almost all retailers setting their respective prices at this price floor",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "The top lens manufacturers mandate that retailers sell their product above the same minimum price, which leads to almost all retailers setting their respective prices at this price floor, though most manufacturers offer volume-based rebates to optometrists to foster clinician brand loyalty.",
    "output": "[Cause] The top lens manufacturers mandate that retailers sell their product above the same minimum price [Relation] cause [Effect] almost all retailers setting their respective prices at this price floor",
    "gold": 1,
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  {
    "input": "That said, were Buffett to focus on buying more asset-light companies with fewer capital investment needs, it would have left his successors with even greater amounts of cash to have to reinvest annually in the longer term.",
    "output": "[Cause] Buffett focusing on buying more asset-light companies with fewer capital investment needs [Relation] cause [Effect] Buffett's successors would have even greater amounts of cash to reinvest annually in the longer term",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "input": "Moreover, we do not see a sufficiently discernible cost advantage that would expand the avenues through which Monster could reinforce its competitive positioning and give us more confidence in the sustainability of its economic rents.",
    "output": "[Cause] not see a sufficiently discernible cost advantage [Relation] prevent [Effect] not expand the avenues through which Monster could reinforce its competitive positioning and give more confidence in the sustainability of its economic rents",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "We had long viewed legacy Ingersoll Rand's climate business as more attractive than its industrial segment because the former has generally been more profitable and less cyclical.",
    "output": "[Cause] legacy Ingersoll Rand's climate business has generally been more profitable and less cyclical [Relation] cause [Effect] viewed as more attractive than its industrial segment",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.463514804840088,
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  {
    "input": "In 2019, pricing in primary lines also started to improve, and commentary from carriers suggests that this trend has only gained more momentum in 2020, as coronavirus-related claims appear to be acting as an additional prompt.",
    "output": "[Cause] coronavirus-related claims appear to be acting as an additional prompt [Relation] cause [Effect] pricing in primary lines started to improve",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Excluding storm impacts, the Direct Energy acquisition doubles NRG's retail business, which has remained surprisingly strong throughout the coronavirus pandemic.",
    "output": "[Cause] the Direct Energy acquisition [Relation] enable [Effect] doubles NRG's retail business",
    "gold": 1,
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  {
    "input": "A bottler trying to increase prices 10% is a much more precarious proposition, given defensive retailers' razor-thin margins and the likelihood that this will result in a substantial price increase for the end consumer should the retailer not absorb the cost.",
    "output": "[Cause] A bottler trying to increase prices 10% [Relation] cause [Effect] a substantial price increase for the end consumer should the retailer not absorb the cost",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Our forecast implies market share gains due to the combined businesses of Icon and PRA and results in a five-year projected revenue compound annual growth rate of about 27%, including the impact of the PRA acquisition, which is expected to close in third-quarter 2021.",
    "output": "[Cause] market share gains due to the combined businesses of Icon and PRA [Relation] cause [Effect] five-year projected revenue compound annual growth rate of about 27%",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Overall, staffing demand ebbs and flows with economic activity as employers reduce or add workers based on demand for their services and on business sentiment.",
    "output": "[Cause] economic activity [Relation] cause [Effect] staffing demand ebbs and flows",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Over the long term, we believe mid-single-digit revenue growth, driven by GDP and pricing, is a reasonable expectation for MIS.",
    "output": "[Cause] driven by GDP and pricing [Relation] enable [Effect] mid-single-digit revenue growth",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "RingCentral has reported that it is already operating above 30% non-GAAP operating margins in the small to midsize business market and that it believes it can achieve higher margins as it moves upmarket.",
    "output": "[Cause] operating above 30% non-GAAP operating margins in the small to midsize business market [Relation] enable [Effect] believes it can achieve higher margins as it moves upmarket",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Instead of generating automated emails, the company now must automate purchases of banner and display ads on mobile apps and web pages. This pits Alliance Data Systems against the major ad agencies, which in many cases are already working with the company's biggest customers.",
    "output": "[Cause] the company must automate purchases of banner and display ads on mobile apps and web pages [Relation] cause [Effect] pits Alliance Data Systems against the major ad agencies",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Under ingestion pricing, businesses were paying for the amount of data they were inputting into Splunk's products, while under workload-based pricing, they will be able to import as much data as they desire and pay for the computing capacity they use to analyze and monitor the data.",
    "output": "[Cause] transition from ingestion pricing to workload-based pricing [Relation] enable [Effect] businesses will be able to import as much data as they desire and pay for the computing capacity they use to analyze and monitor the data",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.1394131779670715,
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  {
    "input": "Under ingestion pricing, businesses were paying for the amount of data they were inputting into Splunk's products, while under workload-based pricing, they will be able to import as much data as they desire and pay for the computing capacity they use to analyze and monitor the data.",
    "output": "[Cause] under workload-based pricing, businesses will be able to import as much data as they desire [Relation] enable [Effect] businesses will pay for the computing capacity they use to analyze and monitor the data",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "Furthermore, while populous metropolitan areas are the centers of construction activity, new quarry permits are difficult to obtain as a result of not-in-my-backyard tendencies.",
    "output": "[Cause] not-in-my-backyard tendencies [Relation] prevent [Effect] new quarry permits are difficult to obtain",
    "gold": 1,
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  {
    "input": "As Uber benefits from its network effect, we think it gains access to valuable intangible assets in the form of user data, which we suspect helps the firm improve its services and increase its vehicles' capacity utilization.",
    "output": "[Cause] Uber benefits from its network effect [Relation] enable [Effect] gains access to valuable intangible assets in the form of user data",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3212026953697205,
    "pred": 0
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  {
    "input": "The severity of the Great Recession spurred a decline in patient volume across most specialties in 2009-13, as consumers delayed seeking healthcare (especially for nonacute and nonsymptomatic conditions).",
    "output": "[Cause] the severity of the Great Recession [Relation] cause [Effect] decline in patient volume across most specialties in 2009-13, as consumers delayed seeking healthcare (especially for nonacute and nonsymptomatic conditions)",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4686208963394165,
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  {
    "input": "Based on the higher-than-average volatility of cash flows and Insulet's heavy reliance on one product, we rate the firm's uncertainty as high.",
    "output": "[Cause] higher-than-average volatility of cash flows and Insulet's heavy reliance on one product [Relation] cause [Effect] firm's uncertainty rated as high",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4777888655662537,
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  {
    "input": "We think oil and gas capital expenditures will increase, following the temporary demand shock in oil due to the COVID-19 pandemic.",
    "output": "[Cause] the temporary demand shock in oil due to the COVID-19 pandemic [Relation] cause [Effect] oil and gas capital expenditures will increase",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3934175968170166,
    "pred": 0
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  {
    "input": "We think oil and gas capital expenditures will increase, following the temporary demand shock in oil due to the COVID-19 pandemic.",
    "output": "[Cause] temporary demand shock in oil due to the COVID-19 pandemic [Relation] cause [Effect] oil and gas capital expenditures will increase",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4027527570724487,
    "pred": 0
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  {
    "input": "The growth in wealth will increasingly come from emerging markets, where competition is less intense, and the safety and diversification offered by a Swiss private banking account present an attractive option for investors from volatile regions.",
    "output": "[Cause] competition is less intense in emerging markets [Relation] enable [Effect] growth in wealth will increasingly come from emerging markets",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 0.9188145995140076,
    "pred": 0
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  {
    "input": "Thanks to secular and technological trends driving increased connectivity, emissions, safety, and efficiency standards, demand for Littelfuse's products has been very strong over the five years.",
    "output": "[Cause] secular and technological trends driving increased connectivity, emissions, safety, and efficiency standards [Relation] cause [Effect] demand for Littelfuse's products has been very strong over the five years",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.0616426467895508,
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  {
    "input": "Intel's cost advantage is manifested via large scale semiconductor fabrication facilities that cost $20 billion-plus and create significant barriers to entry.",
    "output": "[Cause] large scale semiconductor fabrication facilities that cost $20 billion-plus [Relation] enable [Effect] Intel's cost advantage is manifested",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.2595028281211853,
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  },
  {
    "input": "In the meantime, we expect the company to continue investing in emission-reducing solutions for its diesel trucks, providing customers a strong product to meet stringent emission standards.",
    "output": "[Cause] the company continues investing in emission-reducing solutions for its diesel trucks [Relation] enable [Effect] providing customers a strong product to meet stringent emission standards",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4385561347007751,
    "pred": 1
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  {
    "input": "Its brand intangible asset has historically been the supporting factor in its top- and bottom-line growth, as its ability to drive repeat business relies on customer loyalty and smart marketing and merchandising.",
    "output": "[Cause] Its brand intangible asset [Relation] enable [Effect] supporting factor in its top- and bottom-line growth",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3266903162002563,
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  {
    "input": "Our largest concern with the printing market is the overall trend of screen reading replacing printed pages, and we do not believe HP's initiatives can offset the macro trend.",
    "output": "[Cause] the overall trend of screen reading replacing printed pages [Relation] cause [Effect] Our largest concern with the printing market",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3635673522949219,
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  {
    "input": "With consumer traffic growing from 16 million average monthly users in 2016 to over 36 million in 2019, we think it is clear the platform is gaining momentum.",
    "output": "[Cause] consumer traffic growing from 16 million average monthly users in 2016 to over 36 million in 2019 [Relation] cause [Effect] the platform is gaining momentum",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.4435135126113892,
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  {
    "input": "In a similar vein, Discover has reduced its investment in its debt consolidation business as it believes the competition in that industry has become too intense for it to generate the kinds of returns it is accustomed to.",
    "output": "[Cause] the competition in the debt consolidation industry has become too intense for Discover [Relation] cause [Effect] Discover has reduced its investment in its debt consolidation business",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4044049978256226,
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  {
    "input": "Bayer faces heightened market risks as it is launching several new drugs that hold strong potential if the market embraces the new treatments.",
    "output": "[Cause] Bayer is launching several new drugs [Relation] cause [Effect] Bayer faces heightened market risks",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.1829047203063965,
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  {
    "input": "Finally, we view the likelihood of sustained economic value creation as quite high for the restaurant brand, which finds itself on the leading edge of most of the changes we expect to impact the restaurant industry over the medium to long term.",
    "output": "[Cause] finding itself on the leading edge of most of the changes we expect to impact the restaurant industry over the medium to long term [Relation] enable [Effect] likelihood of sustained economic value creation is quite high for the restaurant brand",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.389257550239563,
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  {
    "input": "The spread of risk from government to contractor puts a cap on the margins that may be earned by the industry but limits cyclicality at the same time.",
    "output": "[Cause] The spread of risk from government to contractor [Relation] cause [Effect] puts a cap on the margins that may be earned by the industry",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3922322988510132,
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  {
    "input": "We forecast adjusted EBITDA margins (based on our calculations) to increase from 40% in 2020 to 44% by 2025 as SS&C continues to realize expense synergies.",
    "output": "[Cause] SS&C continues to realize expense synergies [Relation] enable [Effect] forecast adjusted EBITDA margins to increase from 40% in 2020 to 44% by 2025",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4627379179000854,
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  {
    "input": "Also, we expect the streamlining of operations, cost-cutting and gains in high margin specialty drugs to offset falling Lantus pricing in the U.S., resulting in operating margin expansion over the next three years.",
    "output": "[Cause] streamlining of operations, cost-cutting, and gains in high margin specialty drugs [Relation] enable [Effect] offset falling Lantus pricing in the U.S.",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4710696339607239,
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  {
    "input": "Also, we expect the streamlining of operations, cost-cutting and gains in high margin specialty drugs to offset falling Lantus pricing in the U.S., resulting in operating margin expansion over the next three years.",
    "output": "[Cause] streamlining of operations, cost-cutting, and gains in high margin specialty drugs [Relation] enable [Effect] offset falling Lantus pricing in the U.S.",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.1304208040237427,
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  {
    "input": "The pipeline continues operating for now as legal challenges move through the courts, but even a temporary shutdown could lead to a significant drop in earnings and force management to re-evaluate the distribution.",
    "output": "[Cause] legal challenges move through the courts [Relation] enable [Effect] The pipeline continues operating for now",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 0.8957008421421051,
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  {
    "input": "A UPS, for example, performs mission-critical functions by allowing customers' employees to safely shut down or start an alternate power source on everything from computers to network closets and server rooms to enterprise and collocation data centers, potentially saving thousands of dollars in lost time and productivity.",
    "output": "[Cause] A UPS performs mission-critical functions by allowing customers' employees to safely shut down or start an alternate power source [Relation] enable [Effect] potentially saving thousands of dollars in lost time and productivity",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3992130756378174,
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  {
    "input": "Even as legacy automakers begin to produce more EVs, we expect Tesla will continue to have a lower costs as the company has outlined a plan to further reduce battery cell costs by 56% over the next several years.",
    "output": "[Cause] Tesla's plan to further reduce battery cell costs by 56% over the next several years [Relation] enable [Effect] Tesla will continue to have lower costs",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4356034994125366,
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  {
    "input": "The firm owns and operates fabrication yards in China and Mexico, and its fabrication and modular construction capabilities allow it to complete parts of large projects off-site and ship them in modules. This strategy gives Fluor flexibility and more control over costs when working in areas with scarce and expensive local labor.",
    "output": "[Cause] The firm owns and operates fabrication yards in China and Mexico, and its fabrication and modular construction capabilities [Relation] enable [Effect] allow it to complete parts of large projects off-site and ship them in modules",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3992185592651367,
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  {
    "input": "These acquisitions hurt the firm's short-term return on invested capital, or ROIC, due to the high prices paid, but were strategically important.",
    "output": "[Cause] high prices paid for the acquisitions [Relation] cause [Effect] hurt the firm's short-term return on invested capital (ROIC)",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4657005071640015,
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  {
    "input": "As a result of this increased competition, along with the inconsistent performance of the company's games outside of ''''''''Grand theft Auto,'''''''' the company did not generate returns on invested capital exceeding its cost of capital in fiscal 2010, 2012, and 2013.",
    "output": "[Cause] increased competition, inconsistent performance of the company's games outside of \"Grand Theft Auto\" [Relation] cause [Effect] the company did not generate returns on invested capital exceeding its cost of capital in fiscal 2010, 2012, and 2013",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4724298119544983,
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  {
    "input": "While the company's Washington, D.C., facilities have struggled in recent years, the area is projected to be among the fastest-growing over the next few decades, which will bring more demand for self-storage to a market where Public Storage already enjoys a double-digit market share lead on its closest competitor.",
    "output": "[Cause] the area is projected to be among the fastest-growing over the next few decades [Relation] cause [Effect] more demand for self-storage",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Although we believe Five Below's emerging scale and targeted store experience should help offset some pressure, the crowded landscape will require management to maintain its high level of execution.",
    "output": "[Cause] the crowded landscape [Relation] cause [Effect] require management to maintain its high level of execution",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.5000001192092896,
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  {
    "input": "Although we believe Five Below's emerging scale and targeted store experience should help offset some pressure, the crowded landscape will require management to maintain its high level of execution.",
    "output": "[Cause] the crowded landscape [Relation] require [Effect] management to maintain its high level of execution",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Charter also operates with a heavy debt load, which can cause its shares to respond sharply to changes in the business or general market volatility.",
    "output": "[Cause] Charter operates with a heavy debt load [Relation] cause [Effect] shares respond sharply to changes in the business or general market volatility",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4840035438537598,
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  {
    "input": "We expect Activision to continue to benefit from the upcoming console upgrade cycle, the ongoing revitalization of PC gaming, and the growth in the mobile market via its King Digital subsidiary.",
    "output": "[Cause] the upcoming console upgrade cycle, the ongoing revitalization of PC gaming, and the growth in the mobile market via its King Digital subsidiary [Relation] enable [Effect] Activision to continue to benefit",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.4999999403953552,
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  {
    "input": "That said we're less concerned about normal ebbs and flows of the macro environment, given that Honeywell's business is split 60/40 between operating expenditure and capital expenditure cycles.",
    "output": "[Cause] Honeywell's business is split 60/40 between operating expenditure and capital expenditure cycles [Relation] enable [Effect] less concerned about normal ebbs and flows of the macro environment",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.4522920846939087,
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  {
    "input": "The current process of drafting a new constitution and its long-term implications on the Chilean economy are also sources of potential risk.",
    "output": "[Cause] the current process of drafting a new constitution [Relation] cause [Effect] sources of potential risk on the Chilean economy",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "We see emergency equipment as a nondiscretionary expense for governments and believe that technological disruption typically moves slowly in the public sector because of the potentially high cost of failure.",
    "output": "[Cause] emergency equipment seen as a nondiscretionary expense for governments [Relation] cause [Effect] technological disruption typically moves slowly in the public sector",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "We expect revenue growth and more-efficient homebuilding operations will unlock operating leverage, reducing selling, general, and administrative expenses as percentage of revenue.",
    "output": "[Cause] revenue growth and more-efficient homebuilding operations [Relation] enable [Effect] unlock operating leverage, reducing selling, general, and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenue",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4989465475082397,
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  {
    "input": "Carrier primarily used acquisitions to build its commercial and industrial fire and security business, which now accounts for approximately 25% of consolidated sales.",
    "output": "[Cause] Carrier primarily used acquisitions to build its commercial and industrial fire and security business [Relation] cause [Effect] now accounts for approximately 25% of consolidated sales",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.253719687461853,
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  {
    "input": "Many of these stores are suffering reduced customer traffic due to competition, a situation that may be worsened by the coronavirus.",
    "output": "[Cause] competition [Relation] cause [Effect] Many of these stores are suffering reduced customer traffic",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.3616997003555298,
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  {
    "input": "Further, with the bank's solid mix of fee income, Wells Fargo will be better insulated if rates decline when compared with smaller regional competitors, as it is less dependent on rate-sensitive net interest income.",
    "output": "[Cause] Wells Fargo's solid mix of fee income [Relation] enable [Effect] Wells Fargo will be better insulated if rates decline when compared with smaller regional competitors",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.469388723373413,
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  {
    "input": "Further, with the bank's solid mix of fee income, Wells Fargo will be better insulated if rates decline when compared with smaller regional competitors, as it is less dependent on rate-sensitive net interest income.",
    "output": "[Cause] Wells Fargo's solid mix of fee income, Wells Fargo will be better insulated if rates decline [Relation] protect [Effect] Wells Fargo is less dependent on rate-sensitive net interest income",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3875032663345337,
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  {
    "input": "With less command over its wholesalers' selling efforts, Boston Beer doesn't exercise as much clout as leading mainstream brewers (that operate in more concentrated categories) did in their heyday, for example, when volumes were ascendant and their products were more resonant.",
    "output": "[Cause] Boston Beer doesn't exercise as much clout as leading mainstream brewers [Relation] cause [Effect] volumes were ascendant and their products were more resonant",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "We applaud that SS&C has shown a willingness to get outbid if the valuation is too high as we believe it makes sense for management to be disciplined on valuation.",
    "output": "[Cause] management's willingness to get outbid if the valuation is too high [Relation] enable [Effect] it makes sense for management to be disciplined on valuation",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4000271558761597,
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  {
    "input": "We are increasing our fair value estimate to $68 from $63 per share, increasing our forecasts for new equipment orders and dividend growth due to more room on the balance sheet for shareholder returns.",
    "output": "[Cause] more room on the balance sheet for shareholder returns [Relation] enable [Effect] increasing our forecasts for new equipment orders and dividend growth",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.4801396131515503,
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  {
    "input": "Finally, a greater shift by enterprises toward infrastructure as a service cloud adoption could reduce their own need for server space, as their data is shifted to cloud providers' servers and stored more efficiently.",
    "output": "[Cause] a greater shift by enterprises toward infrastructure as a service cloud adoption [Relation] cause [Effect] reduce their own need for server space",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "We note that price sensitive economies could drag down Ericsson's revenue and margin profile if the company cannot extract manufacturing and process efficiencies.",
    "output": "[Cause] price sensitive economies [Relation] if the company cannot extract manufacturing and process efficiencies [Effect] drag down Ericsson's revenue and margin profile",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "As for its mining equipment business, demand is driven by prices of commodities such as iron ore, coal, and copper, which affects the profitability of mining companies and in turn their capital expenditures, including spending on mining equipment.",
    "output": "[Cause] prices of commodities such as iron ore, coal, and copper [Relation] cause [Effect] affects the profitability of mining companies and in turn their capital expenditures, including spending on mining equipment",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.1879507303237915,
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  {
    "input": "As for its mining equipment business, demand is driven by prices of commodities such as iron ore, coal, and copper, which affects the profitability of mining companies and in turn their capital expenditures, including spending on mining equipment.",
    "output": "[Cause] prices of commodities such as iron ore, coal, and copper [Relation] affect [Effect] affects the profitability of mining companies and in turn their capital expenditures, including spending on mining equipment",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.313943862915039,
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  {
    "input": "As for its mining equipment business, demand is driven by prices of commodities such as iron ore, coal, and copper, which affects the profitability of mining companies and in turn their capital expenditures, including spending on mining equipment.",
    "output": "[Cause] prices of commodities such as iron ore, coal, and copper [Relation] affect [Effect] affects the profitability of mining companies and in turn their capital expenditures, including spending on mining equipment",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "We believe the firm's strength in the enterprise HDD business will buoy ASPs due to the increased portion of high capacity enterprise drives in the mix.",
    "output": "[Cause] the firm's strength in the enterprise HDD business [Relation] cause [Effect] buoy ASPs (average selling prices) due to the increased portion of high capacity enterprise drives in the mix",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4374945163726807,
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  {
    "input": "Avery's RBIS segment could face margin pressures if other RFID manufacturers aim to take back market share from the company.",
    "output": "[Cause] other RFID manufacturers aim to take back market share from the company [Relation] cause [Effect] Avery's RBIS segment could face margin pressures",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.4725298285484314,
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  {
    "input": "We believe that Synchrony's bargaining position with its partners has been diminished and that the firm will have to make concessions to retain its retail partners.",
    "output": "[Cause] Synchrony's bargaining position with its partners has been diminished [Relation] cause [Effect] the firm will have to make concessions to retain its retail partners",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.5,
    "pred": 1
  },
  {
    "input": "Given the ongoing demand for content, we believe content creation for cable networks is not a zero-sum game, as high-quality content will always find an outlet.",
    "output": "[Cause] ongoing demand for content [Relation] enable [Effect] high-quality content will always find an outlet",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.26577228307724,
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  {
    "input": "Mosaic benefits from the vertical integration of its phosphate assets, as it mines its own phosphate rock, the key feedstock used to produce phosphate fertilizers.",
    "output": "[Cause] vertical integration of its phosphate assets [Relation] enable [Effect] Mosaic benefits from mining its own phosphate rock",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4227282404899597,
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  {
    "input": "If profits materially contract, Tenet may have trouble refinancing at reasonable interest rates or at all when its major debt obligations start coming due in 2023 and beyond, and that significant refinancing risk informs our extreme uncertainty rating.",
    "output": "[Cause] profits materially contract [Relation] cause [Effect] Tenet may have trouble refinancing at reasonable interest rates or at all when its major debt obligations start coming due in 2023 and beyond",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.499999761581421,
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  {
    "input": "For the core telehealth services, we believe the company is likely to retain its first-mover advantage and scale by penetrating members of existing customers in addition to adding members of new clients under new logos.",
    "output": "[Cause] retain its first-mover advantage and scale by penetrating members of existing customers [Relation] enable [Effect] adding members of new clients under new logos",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.2256805300712585,
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  {
    "input": "We view it to be unlikely for these companies to allocate large sums of capital into R&amp;D and upskilling its existing sales and service network, given the relatively small market size compared with their existing end markets.",
    "output": "[Cause] the relatively small market size compared with their existing end markets [Relation] prevent [Effect] unlikely for these companies to allocate large sums of capital into R&D and upskilling its existing sales and service network",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.48158460855484,
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  {
    "input": "Community hospitals across the country continue to struggle to maintain enough volume as care migrates to less costly ambulatory settings.",
    "output": "[Cause] care migrates to less costly ambulatory settings [Relation] cause [Effect] Community hospitals across the country continue to struggle to maintain enough volume",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.5,
    "pred": 1
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  {
    "input": "A confluence of several issues--poor relative active investment performance, the growth of low-cost index-based products, and the expanding power of the retail-advised channel--has made it increasingly difficult for active asset managers to generate organic growth, leaving them more dependent on market gains to increase their assets under management.",
    "output": "[Cause] poor relative active investment performance, the growth of low-cost index-based products, and the expanding power of the retail-advised channel [Relation] cause [Effect] active asset managers finding it increasingly difficult to generate organic growth and becoming more dependent on market gains to increase their assets under management",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3599717617034912,
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  {
    "input": "Depending on the asset being traded, the benefit of having less market impact is often greater than any savings that could be achieved by using another exchange with lower explicit transaction costs, creating network effects for exchanges with existing liquidity.",
    "output": "[Cause] benefit of having less market impact [Relation] cause [Effect] greater than any savings that could be achieved by using another exchange with lower explicit transaction costs",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.398858904838562,
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  {
    "input": "In addition, some governments may simply forbid access to Facebook, which could result in lower user growth and user interaction.",
    "output": "[Cause] some governments may simply forbid access to Facebook [Relation] cause [Effect] lower user growth and user interaction",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.5,
    "pred": 1
  },
  {
    "input": "Lastly, SAP, the largest supply chain software provider, has partnered with Descartes for years to help offer a neutral communication network and the widest possible network of trading partners to its suppliers.",
    "output": "[Cause] partnership between SAP and Descartes [Relation] enable [Effect] offer a neutral communication network and the widest possible network of trading partners to SAP's suppliers",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3463078737258911,
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  {
    "input": "Gildan's capital expenditures as a percent of revenue have averaged 7% per year since 2010 but are now trending downward as major projects have been completed.",
    "output": "[Cause] major projects have been completed [Relation] cause [Effect] Gildan's capital expenditures as a percent of revenue are now trending downward",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.2028601169586182,
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  {
    "input": "Longer term, as smartphone demand recovers, we think Qorvo's adjusted operating margins will remain in the low- to mid-30% range, in line with management's target for 30% plus adjusted operating margins.",
    "output": "[Cause] smartphone demand recovers [Relation] enable [Effect] Qorvo's adjusted operating margins will remain in the low- to mid-30% range",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.4747434854507446,
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  {
    "input": "Vale faces currency risk, as most of its costs are denominated in Brazilian reais, while the bulk of its revenue and debt is denominated in U.S.",
    "output": "[Cause] most of its costs are denominated in Brazilian reais [Relation] cause [Effect] Vale faces currency risk",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.5000001192092896,
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  {
    "input": "This method has increased efficiency and lowered reconditioning costs per vehicle, which in turn raises gross profit per vehicle sold.",
    "output": "[Cause] This method has increased efficiency and lowered reconditioning costs per vehicle [Relation] cause [Effect] raises gross profit per vehicle sold",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3531643748283386,
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  {
    "input": "We also expect that a large-scale move by manufacturers in favor of direct sales is unlikely, due to the infrastructure required, end customers' price inelasticity, and the convenience associated with repair shops ordering parts made by multiple brands from one source.",
    "output": "[Cause] the infrastructure required, end customers' price inelasticity, and the convenience associated with repair shops ordering parts made by multiple brands from one source [Relation] prevent [Effect] a large-scale move by manufacturers in favor of direct sales is unlikely",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.4653438925743103,
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  {
    "input": "History suggests this could be possible, as Illinois' early plans for recreational legalization would hand an advantage to companies Drug Manufacturers - Specialty & Genericwith medical cultivation and dispensary licenses.",
    "output": "[Cause] Illinois' early plans for recreational legalization would hand an advantage to companies with medical cultivation and dispensary licenses [Relation] enable [Effect] this could be possible",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3330752849578857,
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  {
    "input": "The company does not expect to maintain a steady inventory of a particular item or brand; as a result, manufacturers avoid the stigma of being a regular, featured presence in an off-price store.",
    "output": "[Cause] The company does not expect to maintain a steady inventory of a particular item or brand [Relation] enable [Effect] manufacturers avoid the stigma of being a regular, featured presence in an off-price store",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.4270105361938477,
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  {
    "input": "We think demand is likely to fall in future, as low-cost supply expands, flattening the steep cost curve tail and facilitating lower prices long-term.",
    "output": "[Cause] low-cost supply expands [Relation] enable [Effect] demand is likely to fall in the future, facilitating lower prices long-term",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.330480933189392,
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  {
    "input": "We think demand is likely to fall in future, as low-cost supply expands, flattening the steep cost curve tail and facilitating lower prices long-term.",
    "output": "[Cause] low-cost supply expands [Relation] enable [Effect] demand is likely to fall in future",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3443373441696167,
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  {
    "input": "We believe the current ultra-accommodative monetary policy in the eurozone, has depressed net interest margins and obscured Santander's competitive advantages, resulting in lacklustre returns.",
    "output": "[Cause] the current ultra-accommodative monetary policy in the eurozone [Relation] cause [Effect] depressed net interest margins and obscured Santander's competitive advantages",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.4999998807907104,
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  {
    "input": "We believe the current ultra-accommodative monetary policy in the eurozone, has depressed net interest margins and obscured Santander's competitive advantages, resulting in lacklustre returns.",
    "output": "[Cause] the current ultra-accommodative monetary policy in the eurozone [Relation] cause [Effect] depressed net interest margins and obscured Santander's competitive advantages",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.2337414026260376,
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  {
    "input": "We expect Coloplast's wound-care segment to remain on a slightly slower growth trajectory as the market and larger advanced wound care competitors move further toward higher-tech solutions.",
    "output": "[Cause] the market and larger advanced wound care competitors move further toward higher-tech solutions [Relation] cause [Effect] Coloplast's wound-care segment to remain on a slightly slower growth trajectory",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.4730844497680664,
    "pred": 1
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  {
    "input": "First, and most important, is the cachet of the Monster brand, which should help ensure sufficient and sustained end demand for its beverages such that neither Coke nor its bottlers need to worry about inventory builds or sell-through.",
    "output": "[Cause] the cachet of the Monster brand [Relation] enable [Effect] sufficient and sustained end demand for its beverages",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.4999998807907104,
    "pred": 1
  },
  {
    "input": "First, and most important, is the cachet of the Monster brand, which should help ensure sufficient and sustained end demand for its beverages such that neither Coke nor its bottlers need to worry about inventory builds or sell-through.",
    "output": "[Cause] the cachet of the Monster brand [Relation] enable [Effect] ensure sufficient and sustained end demand for its beverages",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.2569271922111511,
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  {
    "input": "Through its allied brands portfolio, the firm profits from partnerships with nascent beverage companies as well as private-label brands that are looking for distribution breadth and access, which we think lends credence to Keurig Dr Pepper's strong position.",
    "output": "[Cause] partnerships with nascent beverage companies as well as private-label brands that are looking for distribution breadth and access [Relation] enable [Effect] Keurig Dr Pepper's strong position and profitable portfolio through its allied brands",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.323155403137207,
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  {
    "input": "Through its allied brands portfolio, the firm profits from partnerships with nascent beverage companies as well as private-label brands that are looking for distribution breadth and access, which we think lends credence to Keurig Dr Pepper's strong position.",
    "output": "[Cause] partnerships with nascent beverage companies as well as private-label brands that are looking for distribution breadth and access [Relation] enable [Effect] the firm profits from its allied brands portfolio",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3166277408599854,
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  {
    "input": "Our outlook for residential construction and HVAC replacement remains constructive, which bodes well for Lennox because the firm generates more than half of its sales and profits from its residential HVAC business.",
    "output": "[Cause] Our outlook for residential construction and HVAC replacement remains constructive [Relation] enable [Effect] bodes well for Lennox",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.1813801527023315,
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  {
    "input": "We agree with Rockwell that it has a large runway since over 60% of factories are still not fully connected, based on industry reports.",
    "output": "[Cause] over 60% of factories are still not fully connected, based on industry reports [Relation] cause [Effect] Rockwell has a large runway",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3868155479431152,
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  {
    "input": "In mid-2017, Apple announced that the Safari browser (on desktop and mobile devices) default ITP feature will erase cookies after 24 hours, likely preventing continuous tracking of user behavior data by ad-tech companies such as Criteo.",
    "output": "[Cause] Safari browser default ITP feature erasing cookies after 24 hours [Relation] prevent [Effect] likely preventing continuous tracking of user behavior data by ad-tech companies such as Criteo",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.453442931175232,
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  {
    "input": "We do not expect the same stellar returns from its STACK, Powder River Basin, or Eagle Ford assets, and its Bakken footprint is too small to move the needle on returns at the firm level.",
    "output": "[Cause] The STACK, Powder River Basin, and Eagle Ford assets are not expected to generate stellar returns [Relation] cause [Effect] Bakken footprint is too small to move the needle on returns at the firm level",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.1996182203292847,
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  {
    "input": "We still see meaningful downside for commodity prices from current levels but acknowledge that tighter markets will take time to normalise as the effects of China's fiscal and monetary stimulus wane.",
    "output": "[Cause] the effects of China's fiscal and monetary stimulus wane [Relation] cause [Effect] tighter markets will take time to normalize",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4848517179489136,
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  {
    "input": "While we still believe the market's valuation is on the generous side, our revised projections remain at the upper end of Refinitiv consensus; we think management can execute its strategic plan.",
    "output": "[Cause] management can execute its strategic plan [Relation] enable [Effect] revised projections remain at the upper end of Refinitiv consensus",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.2525761127471924,
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  {
    "input": "Enterprises can be slow to migrate to the cloud, given the greater degree of complexity involved in modifying large-scale operations. These firms often make the transition gradually, taking several years to go from an on-premises to a full cloud-native model.",
    "output": "[Cause] greater degree of complexity involved in modifying large-scale operations [Relation] cause [Effect] slow migration to the cloud",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.2615664601325989,
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  {
    "input": "We believe the rise in passive investing will weigh on FactSet's target market through asset manager fee compression, resulting in slower growth.",
    "output": "[Cause] the rise in passive investing and asset manager fee compression [Relation] cause [Effect] weigh on FactSet's target market",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4754483103752136,
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  {
    "input": "We believe the rise in passive investing will weigh on FactSet's target market through asset manager fee compression, resulting in slower growth.",
    "output": "[Cause] the rise in passive investing [Relation] cause [Effect] weigh on FactSet's target market through asset manager fee compression",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Furthermore, the change in consumer preferences has created a demand dislocation that has allowed new players like Aerie and Third Love to take share in the intimates' market, creating permanent long-term competition in the category.",
    "output": "[Cause] change in consumer preferences [Relation] enable [Effect] new players like Aerie and Third Love to take share in the intimates' market",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "To further enhance digital offerings and overall data technology, WPP plans to invest up to GBP 150 million during the next few years.",
    "output": "[Cause] WPP plans to invest up to GBP 150 million during the next few years [Relation] cause [Effect] further enhance digital offerings and overall data technology",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.5,
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  {
    "input": "These actions are the result of CEO Sean Connolly's value-over-volume strategy, an effort to upgrade the quality of the firm's products while eliminating deep discounting and ultimately improve the profitability of the brands.",
    "output": "[Cause] CEO Sean Connolly's value-over-volume strategy [Relation] cause [Effect] upgrade the quality of the firm's products, eliminate deep discounting, and ultimately improve the profitability of the brands",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "We believe the right tech and service investments are being made, which together with various secular trends (like wellness and deteriorating trust in municipal water) facilitate a nice runway of growth.",
    "output": "[Cause] right tech and service investments being made | various secular trends like wellness and deteriorating trust in municipal water [Relation] enable [Effect] facilitate a nice runway of growth",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3329359889030457,
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  {
    "input": "We believe Mattel's operating margins and returns on invested capital could rise as the firm's structural simplification and asset-light efforts continue to bear fruit; the Optimizing for Growth initiative could provide an incremental boost to cash flow.",
    "output": "[Cause] the firm's structural simplification and asset-light efforts continue to bear fruit [Relation] cause [Effect] Mattel's operating margins and returns on invested capital could rise",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.5000001192092896,
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  {
    "input": "We believe Mattel's operating margins and returns on invested capital could rise as the firm's structural simplification and asset-light efforts continue to bear fruit; the Optimizing for Growth initiative could provide an incremental boost to cash flow.",
    "output": "[Cause] the firm's structural simplification and asset-light efforts continue to bear fruit [Relation] enable [Effect] Mattel's operating margins and returns on invested capital could rise",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "At first glance, it might appear that the high-fixed-cost nature of LTL operations should allow for enduring scale-based cost advantages, or perhaps benefits from superior internal processes that optimize line-haul and pickup and delivery efficiency.",
    "output": "[Cause] high-fixed-cost nature of LTL operations [Relation] enable [Effect] allow for enduring scale-based cost advantages or benefits from superior internal processes that optimize line-haul and pickup and delivery efficiency",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4526499509811401,
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  {
    "input": "In our view, competition from Starbucks, Tim Hortons (part of Restaurant Brands International), JDE Peet's, and the convenience store channel could also limit Dunkin's expansion plans beyond core and established markets.",
    "output": "[Cause] competition from Starbucks, Tim Hortons, JDE Peet's, and the convenience store channel [Relation] prevent [Effect] limit Dunkin's expansion plans beyond core and established markets",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4695242643356323,
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  {
    "input": "As Bemis works to better manage itself as a global enterprise, Sealed Air could face higher levels of consumable competition.",
    "output": "[Cause] Bemis works to better manage itself as a global enterprise [Relation] cause [Effect] Sealed Air could face higher levels of consumable competition",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
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  {
    "input": "Given Fortune Brands' significant exposure to these end markets (50% of sales from R&R and 23% from new construction), the firm is positioned for continued growth over the next decade.",
    "output": "[Cause] Fortune Brands' significant exposure to end markets (50% of sales from R&R and 23% from new construction) [Relation] enable [Effect] the firm is positioned for continued growth over the next decade",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4393200874328613,
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  {
    "input": "Further, the patent risk on cancer drug Alimta (9% of sales) is elevated as the 2022 patent is not a strong composition of matter patent, which increases the likelihood of earlier-than-expected generic competition.",
    "output": "[Cause] the 2022 patent is not a strong composition of matter patent [Relation] cause [Effect] the patent risk on cancer drug Alimta is elevated",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.487861156463623,
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  {
    "input": "Further, the patent risk on cancer drug Alimta (9% of sales) is elevated as the 2022 patent is not a strong composition of matter patent, which increases the likelihood of earlier-than-expected generic competition.",
    "output": "[Cause] the 2022 patent for cancer drug Alimta is not a strong composition of matter patent [Relation] cause [Effect] the patent risk on Alimta is elevated",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "New management's restructuring plans echo others in European industrials, aimed at lowering corporate costs by putting more P&L responsibility at the divisional level.",
    "output": "[Cause] New management's restructuring plans [Relation] cause [Effect] aimed at lowering corporate costs by putting more P&L responsibility at the divisional level",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Investment in the treasure hunt should keep post-pandemic traffic strong, and we are not concerned about saturation as rivals Ross and TJX grow, considering customers' willingness to shop multiple off-price stores.",
    "output": "[Cause] Investment in the treasure hunt [Relation] enable [Effect] keep post-pandemic traffic strong",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 0.802778959274292,
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  {
    "input": "As long-term care insurance is difficult to forecast and has proved more costly, Manulife no longer sells stand-alone long-term care products.",
    "output": "[Cause] long-term care insurance is difficult to forecast and has proved more costly [Relation] cause [Effect] Manulife no longer sells stand-alone long-term care products",
    "gold": 1,
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  {
    "input": "Alongside this, businesses would have to spend more time training personnel on how to use the new system, hampering productivity.",
    "output": "[Cause] businesses would have to spend more time training personnel on how to use the new system [Relation] cause [Effect] hampering productivity",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "We expect recovery from COVID-19 to further boost top-line growth and result in a 54% increase in 2021 (from 46% in 2020) and 47% year-over-year growth in 2022, representing total revenue of $3.9 billion and $5.7 billion, respectively.",
    "output": "[Cause] recovery from COVID-19 [Relation] cause [Effect] further boost top-line growth",
    "gold": 1,
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    "cosine": 1.5,
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  {
    "input": "The 2020 dip in profitability due to COVID-19 notwithstanding, management's efforts to streamline operations and enhance efficiency had taken hold over the last few years, and we forecast operating margin to peak at 23% in 2025.",
    "output": "[Cause] management's efforts to streamline operations and enhance efficiency had taken hold over the last few years [Relation] cause [Effect] forecast operating margin to peak at 23% in 2025",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.0293993949890137,
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  {
    "input": "Additionally, long-term price depreciation would expose the company to weakening returns on capital, as its large queue of new projects coming on line would be unlikely to generate their projected economic results.",
    "output": "[Cause] long-term price depreciation [Relation] cause [Effect] expose the company to weakening returns on capital",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "Further, the car does 0-60 mph in under 2 seconds and has 1,020 horsepower, which put the Model S Plaid in a rare class of performance among all autos regardless of powertrain.",
    "output": "[Cause] the car does 0-60 mph in under 2 seconds and has 1,020 horsepower [Relation] cause [Effect] put the Model S Plaid in a rare class of performance among all autos regardless of powertrain",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
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    "cosine": 1.476311206817627,
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  {
    "input": "Owing to heavy competition with Qunar and eLong in 2014 and 2015, Trip.com's margins declined significantly, and the ROIC decreased from over 80% to negative 2.8% in 2014 and 1.9% in 2015.",
    "output": "[Cause] heavy competition with Qunar and eLong in 2014 and 2015 [Relation] cause [Effect] margins declined significantly, ROIC decreased from over 80% to negative 2.8% in 2014 and 1.9% in 2015",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4023696184158325,
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  {
    "input": "While the reform is encouraging, it is only the first step of many in Brazil's efforts to narrow the economic gap with other developed countries, which will ultimately need to include reformation of an archaic and protectionist tax system and massive investments in domestic infrastructure.",
    "output": "[Cause] the reform is encouraging [Relation] enable [Effect] Brazil's efforts to narrow the economic gap with other developed countries",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3119746446609497,
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  {
    "input": "We expect average incrementals between 34% and 35% over the medium term as sales recover and believe the firm can eventually hit 21% segment operating margins and free cash flow margins of 15%.",
    "output": "[Cause] sales recover [Relation] cause [Effect] average incrementals between 34% and 35% over the medium term",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.453476905822754,
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  {
    "input": "We expect average incrementals between 34% and 35% over the medium term as sales recover and believe the firm can eventually hit 21% segment operating margins and free cash flow margins of 15%.",
    "output": "[Cause] sales recover [Relation] enable [Effect] average incrementals between 34% and 35% over the medium term",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.1786386370658875,
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  {
    "input": "We believe Farfetch has a cost base to support higher revenue, providing opportunity for positive operating leverage as revenue grows. Hence, we expect general and administrative expense (including depreciation and technology expense) to scale from around 28% of gross merchandise value currently to 11.9% in 10 years' time.",
    "output": "[Cause] Farfetch has a cost base to support higher revenue [Relation] enable [Effect] opportunity for positive operating leverage as revenue grows",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.324018120765686,
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  {
    "input": "Clients of the custody banks do face switching costs due to process disruption, the interconnectedness of a client's workflows and the custodian's infrastructure, and onboarding costs.",
    "output": "[Cause] process disruption, interconnectedness of a client's workflows and the custodian's infrastructure, and onboarding costs [Relation] cause [Effect] Clients of the custody banks do face switching costs",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4983736276626587,
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  {
    "input": "Though there is increasing commercial interest in space from the likes of SpaceX and Blue Origin, we think the technical complexity of military-grade satellites remains a stiff barrier to entry for all but a few firms.",
    "output": "[Cause] the technical complexity of military-grade satellites remains a stiff barrier to entry for all but a few firms [Relation] prevent [Effect] increasing commercial interest in space from the likes of SpaceX and Blue Origin",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.2577707767486572,
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  {
    "input": "Our uncertainty rating for LPL Financial is high due to the cyclicality of the company's business and exposure to factors beyond its control, such as asset class returns and interest rates.",
    "output": "[Cause] cyclicality of the company's business and exposure to factors beyond its control, such as asset class returns and interest rates [Relation] cause [Effect] high uncertainty rating for LPL Financial",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4874769449234009,
    "pred": 1
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  {
    "input": "The substantial equivalence rule makes it extremely difficult for new entrants to launch new products, and it reduces the financial burden of investing in a fast-moving pipeline of new products that is a critical part of the business model for other large-cap consumer businesses.",
    "output": "[Cause] The substantial equivalence rule makes it extremely difficult for new entrants to launch new products [Relation] cause [Effect] reduces the financial burden of investing in a fast-moving pipeline of new products that is a critical part of the business model for other large-cap consumer businesses",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3672330379486084,
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  {
    "input": "The substantial equivalence rule makes it extremely difficult for new entrants to launch new products, and it reduces the financial burden of investing in a fast-moving pipeline of new products that is a critical part of the business model for other large-cap consumer businesses.",
    "output": "[Cause] The substantial equivalence rule [Relation] cause [Effect] difficult for new entrants to launch new products",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.2667593955993652,
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  {
    "input": "We forecast adjusted operating margins will remain in the low-30s range in later years of our 10-year explicit forecast period as increased sales leverage, cost-optimization efforts, and sales and marketing expense efficiencies are neutralized by increased customer acquisition costs.",
    "output": "[Cause] increased sales leverage, cost-optimization efforts, and sales and marketing expense efficiencies [Relation] enable [Effect] forecast adjusted operating margins will remain in the low-30s range",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.421518087387085,
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  {
    "input": "We forecast adjusted operating margins will remain in the low-30s range in later years of our 10-year explicit forecast period as increased sales leverage, cost-optimization efforts, and sales and marketing expense efficiencies are neutralized by increased customer acquisition costs.",
    "output": "[Cause] increased sales leverage, cost-optimization efforts, and sales and marketing expense efficiencies [Relation] enable [Effect] adjusted operating margins will remain in the low-30s range in later years of our 10-year explicit forecast period",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.0099544525146484,
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  {
    "input": "Wiley's products targeted to the professional community are affected by economic conditions, which can cause firms to change head count and training expenditures (though its education offerings could deliver an offsetting benefit if a soft economy were to lead to higher student enrollment).",
    "output": "[Cause] economic conditions [Relation] cause [Effect] firms change head count and training expenditures",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.0240951776504517,
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  {
    "input": "Although the pandemic's sales surge should ease in mid-2021 as vaccines reduce infection rates, O'Reilly's long-term strength remains rooted in its competitive advantages.",
    "output": "[Cause] pandemic's sales surge should ease in mid-2021 as vaccines reduce infection rates [Relation] cause [Effect] O'Reilly's long-term strength remains rooted in its competitive advantages",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3467880487442017,
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  {
    "input": "With its 7-nm EPYC 2 (Rome) server CPUs launched in 2019, the firm is poised to grow its market share to at least 20% in the coming years. Consequently, we believe AMD will enjoy stellar revenue growth in the server CPU sub-segment of EESC, going from about $300 million in 2018 to $10.3 billion in 2025.",
    "output": "[Cause] the launch of 7-nm EPYC 2 (Rome) server CPUs [Relation] enable [Effect] poised to grow its market share to at least 20% in the coming years",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.299996793270111,
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  {
    "input": "Additionally, community members often act as a hurdle for self-storage development, as these facilities are viewed more negatively than residential properties or manufacturing facilities that could potentially provide housing and jobs that could increase the surrounding property value.",
    "output": "[Cause] self-storage facilities are viewed more negatively than residential properties or manufacturing facilities [Relation] prevent [Effect] community members often act as a hurdle for self-storage development",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4053175449371338,
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  {
    "input": "Additionally, community members often act as a hurdle for self-storage development, as these facilities are viewed more negatively than residential properties or manufacturing facilities that could potentially provide housing and jobs that could increase the surrounding property value.",
    "output": "[Cause] self-storage facilities are viewed more negatively by community members [Relation] prevent [Effect] act as a hurdle for self-storage development",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.0147364139556885,
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  {
    "input": "Additionally, community members often act as a hurdle for self-storage development, as these facilities are viewed more negatively than residential properties or manufacturing facilities that could potentially provide housing and jobs that could increase the surrounding property value.",
    "output": "[Cause] self-storage facilities are viewed more negatively than residential properties or manufacturing facilities [Relation] cause [Effect] community members often act as a hurdle for self-storage development",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.0234541296958923,
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  {
    "input": "CROs can be susceptible to impact from large cancellations, whether due to clinical failure or reprioritization, because it can be difficult to repurpose capacity that was previously allocated to that large trial.",
    "output": "[Cause] large cancellations, whether due to clinical failure or reprioritization [Relation] cause [Effect] CROs can be susceptible to impact",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3692067861557007,
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  {
    "input": "CROs can be susceptible to impact from large cancellations, whether due to clinical failure or reprioritization, because it can be difficult to repurpose capacity that was previously allocated to that large trial.",
    "output": "[Cause] large cancellations, whether due to clinical failure or reprioritization [Relation] cause [Effect] CROs can be susceptible to impact",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3407220840454102,
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  {
    "input": "Retailers and manufacturers work together to ensure ample supply, with stores motivated through advertising or markdown allowances to ensure inventory clears, delivery concessions, and return privileges for excess merchandise.",
    "output": "[Cause] Retailers and manufacturers working together to ensure ample supply [Relation] enable|motivate [Effect] stores motivated through advertising or markdown allowances to ensure inventory clears, delivery concessions, and return privileges for excess merchandise",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.2872406244277954,
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  {
    "input": "There is also a risk that universities may use the transition to digital learning to demand lower-cost materials, given the high margins that have existed in textbooks for many years.",
    "output": "[Cause] the transition to digital learning [Relation] enable [Effect] universities may use the transition to digital learning to demand lower-cost materials",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3385218381881714,
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  {
    "input": "Moen's growing presence in China, its market repositioning in cabinets, Fiberon's distribution expansion, new product introductions across Fortune Brands' three segments, and price increases should also support sales growth over our forecast.",
    "output": "[Cause] Moen's growing presence in China, its market repositioning in cabinets, Fiberon's distribution expansion, new product introductions across Fortune Brands' three segments, and price increases [Relation] cause [Effect] support sales growth over our forecast",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.4474515318870544,
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  {
    "input": "Waddell & Reed will continue to be reliant upon market gains to drive AUM growth, as our five-year CAGR for organic AUM growth remains in a negative 3%-5% range.",
    "output": "[Cause] reliance upon market gains to drive AUM growth [Relation] cause [Effect] our five-year CAGR for organic AUM growth remains in a negative 3%-5% range",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3697173595428467,
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  {
    "input": "Low-cost and ultra-low-cost carriers have tendencies to enter markets and drive returns down for all participants due to an excess of supply for a somewhat fixed pool of demand.",
    "output": "[Cause] Low-cost and ultra-low-cost carriers entering markets [Relation] cause [Effect] drive returns down for all participants",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3616900444030762,
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  {
    "input": "This has been a multiyear project and included moving the headquarters to Dallas from Michigan in 2007 and greatly expanding operations in Texas by acquiring Sterling Bancshares in 2011.",
    "output": "[Cause] moving the headquarters to Dallas from Michigan in 2007 and acquiring Sterling Bancshares in 2011 [Relation] enable [Effect] greatly expanding operations in Texas",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4544013142585754,
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  {
    "input": "The firm's differentiation comes by way of product breadth and its logistics network, which permits faster delivery of both small and large parcels than most of its peers.",
    "output": "[Cause] product breadth and its logistics network [Relation] enable [Effect] firm's differentiation",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3540918827056885,
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  {
    "input": "In terms of cost advantage, we would need to see evidence that an iBuyer can structurally speed up and streamline the home purchase and sale process as compared with competitors to reduce transaction costs, holding costs, and interest expenses.",
    "output": "[Cause] structurally speed up and streamline the home purchase and sale process as compared with competitors [Relation] enable [Effect] reduce transaction costs, holding costs, and interest expenses",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Today management is describing that same reluctance on the part of insurers as they are now flirting with adopting the SaaS version of InsuranceSuite.",
    "output": "[Cause] reluctance on the part of insurers [Relation] cause [Effect] flirting with adopting the SaaS version of InsuranceSuite",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "We do expect management to continue its patient and prudent capital stewardship, but high supply is limiting the ability to realize internal and external growth above the long-term trend.",
    "output": "[Cause] high supply [Relation] prevent [Effect] limiting the ability to realize internal and external growth above the long-term trend",
    "gold": 1,
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    "cosine": 1.4827841520309448,
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  {
    "input": "Suppliers could also decide to bring the demand creation abilities in-house, which would significantly reduce Arrow's value proposition, while broadline distributors will likely continue to acquire their own value-added services, further encroaching on Arrow's territory.",
    "output": "[Cause] Suppliers could decide to bring the demand creation abilities in-house [Relation] cause [Effect] significantly reduce Arrow's value proposition",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "input": "Suppliers could also decide to bring the demand creation abilities in-house, which would significantly reduce Arrow's value proposition, while broadline distributors will likely continue to acquire their own value-added services, further encroaching on Arrow's territory.",
    "output": "[Cause] Suppliers could also decide to bring the demand creation abilities in-house [Relation] cause [Effect] significantly reduce Arrow's value proposition",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.2992300987243652,
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  {
    "input": "Previous acquisitions have included material goodwill components, which stand to damp ROIC, and we would expect future acquisitions to require material goodwill allocations as well.",
    "output": "[Cause] Previous acquisitions have included material goodwill components [Relation] cause [Effect] stand to damp ROIC (Return on Invested Capital)",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4045159816741943,
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  {
    "input": "With the completion of its growth spending program in 2020, DCP has outlined a plan where growth capital spending drops to well below $100 million annually from over $500 million in 2019. This program would let DCP generate excess cash flow after distributions and capital spending in 2021, but we don't expect the firm to be able to grow meaningfully more than $1.2 billion-$1.3 billion in EBITDA beyond 2022.",
    "output": "[Cause] completion of its growth spending program in 2020 [Relation] enable, result [Effect] growth capital spending drops to well below $100 million annually from over $500 million in 2019",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.2495278120040894,
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  {
    "input": "On a company-specific level, we believe SBA has more risk than American Tower due to its international concentration in Brazil, where it has twice as many sites as all other international markets combined, and its aggressive use of financial leverage.",
    "output": "[Cause] international concentration in Brazil, where it has twice as many sites as all other international markets combined, and its aggressive use of financial leverage. [Relation] cause [Effect] SBA has more risk than American Tower",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4736173152923584,
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  {
    "input": "We think sales weakness and discounting in the athletic apparel industry have lowered gross margins, and we expect Dick's gross margins to remain below peak levels.",
    "output": "[Cause] sales weakness and discounting in the athletic apparel industry [Relation] cause [Effect] lowered gross margins",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.5,
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  {
    "input": "While the idea of data collection seems simple (and almost all retailers are capturing data on purchases to some degree), we believe it is more complex for Williams-Sonoma, as the company can use it to market more dynamically.",
    "output": "[Cause] the company can use data collection to market more dynamically [Relation] enable [Effect] data collection is more complex for Williams-Sonoma",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.2942415475845337,
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  {
    "input": "The company regularly recycles capital by selling noncore assets or exiting markets and using the proceeds for its development pipeline or acquisitions with strong growth prospects, a strategy that has produced strong returns.",
    "output": "[Cause] the company regularly recycles capital by selling noncore assets or exiting markets and using the proceeds for its development pipeline or acquisitions with strong growth prospects [Relation] enable [Effect] a strategy that has produced strong returns",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.0977635383605957,
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  {
    "input": "The company regularly recycles capital by selling noncore assets or exiting markets and using the proceeds for its development pipeline or acquisitions with strong growth prospects, a strategy that has produced strong returns.",
    "output": "[Cause] regularly recycles capital by selling noncore assets or exiting markets [Relation] enable [Effect] using the proceeds for its development pipeline or acquisitions with strong growth prospects",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4618999361991882,
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  {
    "input": "The success of ongoing initiatives should set the operating margin back on a improving trajectory in 2022, as investments wind down.",
    "output": "[Cause] the success of ongoing initiatives [Relation] cause [Effect] set the operating margin back on an improving trajectory in 2022",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "Collins Aerospace has significant component placement on the MAX and faces coronavirus headwinds, but we still expect narrow-body sales will allow Collins to produce a revenue CAGR of 8.2%, higher than usual due to a post-pandemic commercial aerospace recovery.",
    "output": "[Cause] post-pandemic commercial aerospace recovery [Relation] enable [Effect] narrow-body sales will allow Collins to produce a revenue CAGR of 8.2%",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.0082165002822876,
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  {
    "input": "We've raised our fair value estimate for the New York Stock Exchange-traded shares of Ferrari to $125 from $117 due primarily to the change in currency spot rate to $1.2175/EUR 1 from $1.1633/EUR 1 in our previous model but also the time value of money since our last update.",
    "output": "[Cause] change in currency spot rate to $1.2175/EUR 1 from $1.1633/EUR 1 [Relation] enable [Effect] raised fair value estimate for the New York Stock Exchange-traded shares of Ferrari to $125 from $117",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "The current economic environment and the fallout from COVID-19 is a stark reminder of this, where corporate spending, consumer spending, and travel have all been curtailed, significantly affecting Amex's revenues.",
    "output": "[Cause] the current economic environment and the fallout from COVID-19 [Relation] cause [Effect] significantly affecting Amex's revenues",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.2730118036270142,
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  {
    "input": "The current economic environment and the fallout from COVID-19 is a stark reminder of this, where corporate spending, consumer spending, and travel have all been curtailed, significantly affecting Amex's revenues.",
    "output": "[Cause] current economic environment and the fallout from COVID-19 [Relation] cause [Effect] corporate spending, consumer spending, and travel have all been curtailed, significantly affecting Amex's revenues",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3113921880722046,
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  {
    "input": "To maintain its ability to demand high margins, Zebra spends a relatively large portion of sales on continual research and development to produce hardware that is continually optimized for the modern operating environments and can stave off commoditization.",
    "output": "[Cause] Zebra spends a relatively large portion of sales on continual research and development to produce hardware that is continually optimized for the modern operating environments [Relation] enable [Effect] maintain its ability to demand high margins",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.233417570590973,
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  {
    "input": "Shifts away from equity strategies have an adverse effect on revenue as well, as management fees tend to be lower for fixed-income and money market funds than they are for equity-based funds.",
    "output": "[Cause] Shifts away from equity strategies [Relation] cause [Effect] adverse effect on revenue",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.1729679107666016,
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  {
    "input": "We believe the COVID-19 pandemic has posed challenges that could lower demand for early-stage trials; however, Charles River has adapted well to the pandemic and seems to have rebounded from COVID-19-related client disruptions.",
    "output": "[Cause] COVID-19 pandemic has posed challenges that could lower demand for early-stage trials [Relation] enable [Effect] Charles River has adapted well to the pandemic and seems to have rebounded from COVID-19-related client disruptions",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.2334944009780884,
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  {
    "input": "We do not think the COVID-19 pandemic has structurally impaired commercial aviation and anticipate a rebound in airlines' revenue passenger kilometers after lockdowns are lifted.",
    "output": "[Cause] lockdowns are lifted [Relation] enable [Effect] anticipate a rebound in airlines' revenue passenger kilometers",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "We're also intrigued by Dunkin's ongoing ''smart pricing'' initiative, which is designed to help franchisees more effectively price by product category instead of blanket recommendations from management, helping to better manage wage inflation.",
    "output": "[Cause] Dunkin's ongoing \"smart pricing\" initiative [Relation] enable [Effect] help franchisees more effectively price by product category",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Telefonica has also been involved in some bribery accusations in Spain and Brazil, but we believe these controversies should decline as the company gradually exits Latin American emerging markets.",
    "output": "[Cause] Telefonica gradually exits Latin American emerging markets [Relation] cause [Effect] these controversies should decline",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "As a result, large swaths of the phone network remain incapable of delivering the speeds beyond around 20 megabits/second or so, increasingly falling short of customer demand.",
    "output": "[Cause] large swaths of the phone network remain incapable of delivering high speeds [Relation] cause [Effect] increasingly falling short of customer demand",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Tracking billable hours, moreover, is the lifeblood of a law firm, and attorneys must meet stringent annual billing requirements amid both industry pricing and operating efficiency pressures.",
    "output": "[Cause] attorneys must meet stringent annual billing requirements amid both industry pricing and operating efficiency pressures [Relation] cause [Effect] Tracking billable hours is the lifeblood of a law firm",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "In our base case, we assume contractual rent growth, occupancy and re-leasing spreads suffer due to the coronavirus outbreak that has forced nearly all retail and office properties to remain empty due to government-mandated shelter-in-place orders.  As a result, we expect weak performance through 2022, before the market ultimately recovers and eventually settles at contractual growth of just under 2% in 2029.",
    "output": "[Cause] the coronavirus outbreak that has forced nearly all retail and office properties to remain empty due to government-mandated shelter-in-place orders [Relation] cause [Effect] contractual rent growth, occupancy and re-leasing spreads suffer",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Medtronic has historically focused on innovation, designing and manufacturing devices to address cardiac care, neurological and spinal conditions, and diabetes.",
    "output": "[Cause] historically focused on innovation, designing and manufacturing devices to address cardiac care, neurological and spinal conditions, and diabetes [Relation] enable [Effect] Medtronic's emphasis on innovation",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "The company consolidated the market in 1960 to create the largest drugmaker that was later expanded into Europe and the United States and then into generics in 1984 with the passage of the Hatch-Waxman Act.",
    "output": "[Cause] The company consolidated the market in 1960 to create the largest drugmaker [Relation] enable [Effect] later expanded into Europe and the United States and then into generics in 1984 with the passage of the Hatch-Waxman Act",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "We think this is appropriate given the future challenges faced by New York City due to the economic fallout from the pandemic.",
    "output": "[Cause] future challenges faced by New York City due to the economic fallout from the pandemic [Relation] cause [Effect] thinking it is appropriate",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "The federally-regulated concept of actuarial soundness means each state must appropriately price for both medical risk and other reasonable costs for its Medicaid population in order to receive federal funding.",
    "output": "[Cause] The federally-regulated concept of actuarial soundness [Relation] ensure [Effect] each state must appropriately price for both medical risk and other reasonable costs for its Medicaid population in order to receive federal funding",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "The increase is attributable to CRH's favourable exposure to the U.S., where barriers to entry are higher than other regions, and which enjoys a favourable outlook due to increasing infrastructure spending.",
    "output": "[Cause] CRH's favourable exposure to the U.S. [Relation] enable [Effect] The increase",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.1297873258590698,
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  {
    "input": "We believe having these additional offerings leads to an improved breadth of products, enabling more cross-selling, higher margins, lower distribution costs, and higher switching costs.",
    "output": "[Cause] having these additional offerings [Relation] enable [Effect] improved breadth of products, enabling more cross-selling, higher margins, lower distribution costs, and higher switching costs",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4259198307991028,
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  {
    "input": "With leading investment bank, commercial bank, credit card, retail bank, and asset and wealth management franchises, JPMorgan is truly a force to be reckoned with.",
    "output": "[Cause] leading investment bank, commercial bank, credit card, retail bank, and asset and wealth management franchises [Relation] enable [Effect] JPMorgan is a force to be reckoned with",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.48988938331604,
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  {
    "input": "We expect economic profits to return as the pandemic eases, with our 10-year average estimate of adjusted return on invested capital in the high-20s.",
    "output": "[Cause] pandemic easing [Relation] cause [Effect] economic profits to return",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.187552809715271,
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  {
    "input": "Also, Astra's operating structure allows for cost-cutting following patent losses to reduce the margin pressure from lost high-margin drug sales.",
    "output": "[Cause] patent losses [Relation] cause [Effect] margin pressure from lost high-margin drug sales",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.1342275142669678,
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  {
    "input": "Overall, we view the uncertainty for Glaxo as medium, given all the diversification the company has across its platforms offsetting the variable outcomes for drug development and competitive challenges to the firms' leading products.",
    "output": "[Cause] the diversification the company has across its platforms [Relation] offset [Effect] uncertainty for Glaxo as medium",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.07002454996109,
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  {
    "input": "If the firm is unable to effectively source and integrate new employees, it could stymie innovation and affect Splunk's competitive positioning.",
    "output": "[Cause] inability to effectively source and integrate new employees [Relation] cause [Effect] stymie innovation and affect Splunk's competitive positioning",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4891358613967896,
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  {
    "input": "We expect wireline revenue growth to steadily accelerate throughout our forecast, to about 3% by 2024, as continuing declines in voice revenue become less impactful and BCE's fiber-to-the-home, or FTTH, buildout and higher network quality dominate the segment and propel the firm to further share gains.",
    "output": "[Cause] BCE's fiber-to-the-home, or FTTH, buildout and higher network quality [Relation] enable [Effect] wireline revenue growth to steadily accelerate throughout our forecast, to about 3% by 2024",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.321494221687317,
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  {
    "input": "Alcoa enjoys full vertical integration, providing more control over its supply chain than many of its competitors, which must secure factors of production from external sources.",
    "output": "[Cause] Alcoa enjoys full vertical integration [Relation] enable [Effect] providing more control over its supply chain than many of its competitors",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.1232712864875793,
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  {
    "input": "Additionally, there are indirect costs along those same lines, mainly lost productivity as employees move up a learning curve on the new system, and the distraction of employees involved in the function where the change is occurring.",
    "output": "[Cause] the change in system [Relation] cause [Effect] lost productivity as employees move up a learning curve on the new system, distraction of employees involved in the function where the change is occurring",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.2996083498001099,
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  {
    "input": "Additionally, there are indirect costs along those same lines, mainly lost productivity as employees move up a learning curve on the new system, and the distraction of employees involved in the function where the change is occurring.",
    "output": "[Cause] employees move up a learning curve on the new system [Relation] cause [Effect] lost productivity",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.1343095302581787,
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  {
    "input": "We think Hain's strategy to turnaround the business is starting to bear fruit, as the firm recognized organic sales growth of 2.6% excluding SKU rationalization and 110 basis points of improved operating margin (to 6.8%) in fiscal 2020.",
    "output": "[Cause] Hain's strategy to turnaround the business [Relation] cause [Effect] firm recognized organic sales growth of 2.6% excluding SKU rationalization and 110 basis points of improved operating margin (to 6.8%)",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4330475330352783,
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  {
    "input": "Kroger's scope should allow it to manage the transition of trade spending; for example, the firm is already offering boosted search placements to food manufacturers, allowing them to pay to have their products listed at the top of search results in a high-impression, high-conversion venue.",
    "output": "[Cause] Kroger's scope should allow it to manage the transition of trade spending [Relation] enable [Effect] the firm is already offering boosted search placements to food manufacturers, allowing them to pay to have their products listed at the top of search results in a high-impression, high-conversion venue",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.262925148010254,
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  {
    "input": "This virtuous cycle of intangible assets brought by heavy R&amp;D and cost advantages brought by better PPA reinforce each other, preventing smaller peers catching up, in our view.",
    "output": "[Cause] heavy R&D [Relation] enable [Effect] virtuous cycle of intangible assets",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.2353346347808838,
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  {
    "input": "Delivery can extend Sprouts' appeal to customers who do not regularly drive past a store, but the channel is margin-dilutive even for firms that are able to scale costs over a much larger sales base.",
    "output": "[Cause] Delivery can extend Sprouts' appeal to customers who do not regularly drive past a store [Relation] enable [Effect] the channel is margin-dilutive",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4021646976470947,
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  {
    "input": "One effect of climate change is for climates to shift north, which brings warmer weather and fewer snow days to northern climates. As a result, we expect a small decline in normal deicing salt demand over time and limited prospects for sustained price increases.",
    "output": "[Cause] climate change. [Relation] cause, effect. [Effect] climates to shift north, warmer weather and fewer snow days to northern climates, a small decline in normal deicing salt demand over time, limited prospects for sustained price increases.",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "While we see the possibility that enterprises will have less need for data centers if they use infrastructure as a service, or IaaS, to a greater extent, our bigger concern is that companies that don't make that move will be able to satisfy their needs with less space.",
    "output": "[Cause] enterprises use infrastructure as a service (IaaS) to a greater extent [Relation] enable [Effect] enterprises will have less need for data centers",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4241185784339905,
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  {
    "input": "While we see the possibility that enterprises will have less need for data centers if they use infrastructure as a service, or IaaS, to a greater extent, our bigger concern is that companies that don't make that move will be able to satisfy their needs with less space.",
    "output": "[Cause] enterprises using infrastructure as a service, or IaaS, to a greater extent [Relation] enable [Effect] possibility that enterprises will have less need for data centers",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 0.9970828294754028,
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  {
    "input": "The FVL contract is intended to be awarded in 2022, but the aircraft are not intended to be operational until the early 2030s, which gives us confidence that Bell's military segment will continue earning excess returns until then at least.",
    "output": "[Cause] The FVL contract is intended to be awarded in 2022 [Relation] enable [Effect] the aircraft are not intended to be operational until the early 2030s",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.2608710527420044,
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  {
    "input": "While the COVID-19 pandemic has created headwinds in some industries that Twilio services such as ride-sharing and dining, this has been offset by tailwinds in areas such as food delivery and telehealth.",
    "output": "[Cause] the COVID-19 pandemic [Relation] offset [Effect] headwinds in some industries that Twilio services such as ride-sharing and dining",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Beyond the legal power of patents, even slightly differentiated technical features can cause an end user to prefer one tool over a similar tool in the company's precise scientific end markets, so we think those other intangible assets contribute to Illumina's competitive advantages, too.",
    "output": "[Cause] even slightly differentiated technical features can cause an end user to prefer one tool over a similar tool in the company's precise scientific end markets [Relation] cause [Effect] those other intangible assets contribute to Illumina's competitive advantages",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.2812415957450867,
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    "input": "Beyond the legal power of patents, even slightly differentiated technical features can cause an end user to prefer one tool over a similar tool in the company's precise scientific end markets, so we think those other intangible assets contribute to Illumina's competitive advantages, too.",
    "output": "[Cause] slightly differentiated technical features [Relation] cause [Effect] cause an end user to prefer one tool over a similar tool",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.215197205543518,
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  {
    "input": "Since Aduhelm gained approval based on one successful study, we believe the probability that donanemab will be approved is 85% based on the successful phase 2 Trailblazer study.",
    "output": "[Cause] Aduhelm gained approval based on one successful study [Relation] enable [Effect] we believe the probability that donanemab will be approved is 85% based on the successful phase 2 Trailblazer study",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
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    "cosine": 1.4823296070098877,
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    "input": "Lastly, fluid handling benefits from its large installed base because customers tend to be risk-averse and often replace products like-for-like.",
    "output": "[Cause] large installed base [Relation] enable [Effect] fluid handling benefits",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Because of the high concentrations of potassium in the brines and nitrates in the company's caliche ore, SQM also holds a cost-advantaged position in specialty fertilizers.",
    "output": "[Cause] high concentrations of potassium in the brines and nitrates in the company's caliche ore [Relation] cause [Effect] SQM holds a cost-advantaged position in specialty fertilizers",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "Due to the 10-nm delay, Intel remained on a 14-nm process first launched in 2014 and has been upgrading/optimizing the architecture in subsequent years to maintain healthy margins and garner the necessary chip performance improvements.",
    "output": "[Cause] the 10-nm delay [Relation] cause [Effect] Intel remained on a 14-nm process",
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  {
    "input": "We observe that in the past decade more stringent diesel environmental regulations have led to increased revenue and profitability for Cummins as it captures a large share of vehicle content.",
    "output": "[Cause] more stringent diesel environmental regulations [Relation] enable [Effect] increased revenue and profitability for Cummins",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "Product positioning is particularly important in premiumizing markets because beer is often consumed in a social environment, particularly in the on-premise channel, so brand choice is fairly conspicuous.",
    "output": "[Cause] beer is often consumed in a social environment, particularly in the on-premise channel [Relation] cause [Effect] brand choice is fairly conspicuous",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "With video subscriptions in the cable industry declining with cord-cutting, we don't see Lumen's lack of that service as too problematic.",
    "output": "[Cause] video subscriptions in the cable industry declining with cord-cutting [Relation] minor or insignificant [Effect] Lumen's lack of that service",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "We expect 8% compound annual sales growth for ON through 2025, inclusive of supernormal 21% growth in 2021 as end markets rebound from the coronanvirus' effects in 2020.",
    "output": "[Cause] end markets rebound from the coronavirus' effects in 2020 [Relation] enable [Effect] supernormal 21% growth in 2021",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "input": "We contend that Williams-Sonoma's brand intangible asset has historically been the supporting factor in the firm's top- and bottom-line growth, as its ability to drive repeat business is widely reliant on customer loyalty and smart marketing and merchandising.",
    "output": "[Cause] Williams-Sonoma's brand intangible asset [Relation] enable [Effect] historically been the supporting factor in the firm's top- and bottom-line growth",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "We believe the ability to add technologies via subscriptions in the Palo Alto framework can alleviate complications by providing more holistic security, which can generate sustainable demand.",
    "output": "[Cause] ability to add technologies via subscriptions in the Palo Alto framework [Relation] enable [Effect] alleviate complications by providing more holistic security",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
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    "input": "We believe the ability to add technologies via subscriptions in the Palo Alto framework can alleviate complications by providing more holistic security, which can generate sustainable demand.",
    "output": "[Cause] the ability to add technologies via subscriptions in the Palo Alto framework [Relation] enable [Effect] alleviate complications by providing more holistic security",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Because of its reliance on acquisitions, Group 1 always faces the risk of overpaying for a dealership or taking on too much debt to finance new deals.",
    "output": "[Cause] its reliance on acquisitions [Relation] cause [Effect] Group 1 always faces the risk of overpaying for a dealership or taking on too much debt to finance new deals",
    "gold": 1,
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    "cosine": 1.5000003576278687,
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  {
    "input": "In an event, Virgin has a long lead time to grab market share in most of the country as customer speed demands ratchet higher.",
    "output": "[Cause] customer speed demands ratchet higher [Relation] cause [Effect] Virgin has a long lead time to grab market share in most of the country",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.499999761581421,
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  {
    "input": "Payments and other technology investments bleed over into the corporate payments space, where Wells' treasury and payments management platform has helped the bank maintain excellent share in the commercial market, particularly with middle-market business clients.",
    "output": "[Cause] Wells' treasury and payments management platform [Relation] enable [Effect] helped the bank maintain excellent share in the commercial market, particularly with middle-market business clients",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4126472473144531,
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  {
    "input": "This makes a longer-term lease beneficial to the tenant, so the fact that most leases are typically 15 years in length with multiple extension options shows that the tenant has more power in negotiations.",
    "output": "[Cause] most leases are typically 15 years in length with multiple extension options [Relation] enable [Effect] the tenant has more power in negotiations",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "PSEG is addressing New Jersey's aggressive clean energy goals with up to $15 billion of investment during the next five years to support clean energy, safety, and reliability.",
    "output": "[Cause] New Jersey's aggressive clean energy goals [Relation] enable [Effect] PSEG is addressing the goals with up to $15 billion of investment during the next five years",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "We expect Abbott can partially close the operating margin gap and project 450 basis points of improvement by 2024, as the firm leverages the distribution infrastructure it has built out for penetration of emerging markets across its product segments and extracts cost synergies from its recent acquisitions.",
    "output": "[Cause] leveraging the distribution infrastructure built out for penetration of emerging markets across its product segments and extracting cost synergies from recent acquisitions [Relation] enable [Effect] Abbott can partially close the operating margin gap and project 450 basis points of improvement by 2024",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "After reviewing Dover's 10-K and rolling our model, we raise our fair value estimate to $116 per share from $113, mostly due to slightly raising our midcycle margin, though this was offset by bringing down some of our organic revenue assumptions over the medium term.",
    "output": "[Cause] slightly raising our midcycle margin [Relation] cause [Effect] raise our fair value estimate to $116 per share from $113",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "To have long-term success, Bio-Techne needs to maintain a dominant position in proteins, and at the same time expand its presence in genomics, without compromising on quality standards across the firm's large protein portfolio.",
    "output": "[Cause] Bio-Techne needs to maintain a dominant position in proteins, and at the same time expand its presence in genomics [Relation] enable [Effect] To have long-term success",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "To have long-term success, Bio-Techne needs to maintain a dominant position in proteins, and at the same time expand its presence in genomics, without compromising on quality standards across the firm's large protein portfolio.",
    "output": "[Cause] Bio-Techne maintaining a dominant position in proteins and expanding its presence in genomics, without compromising on quality standards [Relation] enable [Effect] long-term success",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Martin Marietta's biggest ESG risks are around increased regulation of emissions in both its own production and the use of its products by customers, potential accusations of price collusion in local markets, and increased regulation of water usage in its production process.",
    "output": "[Cause] increased regulation of emissions in both its own production and the use of its products by customers, potential accusations of price collusion in local markets, and increased regulation of water usage in its production process [Relation] cause [Effect] Martin Marietta's biggest ESG risks",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.4913315176963806,
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  {
    "input": "Although we expect the company to expand its operating results, there are a few notable risks in the cybersecurity market, and Palo Alto's strategic efforts could inhibit our outlook.",
    "output": "[Cause] notable risks in the cybersecurity market [Relation] prevent [Effect] Palo Alto's strategic efforts could inhibit our outlook",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Skilled services like these are generally provided under long-term agreements and has allowed Emerson to move from purely an equipment and traditional service business, to increasingly providing consulting services.",
    "output": "[Cause] Skilled services like these are generally provided under long-term agreements [Relation] enable [Effect] Emerson has moved from purely an equipment and traditional service business, to increasingly providing consulting services",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "We believe that Cooper's large advertising spending and salesforce mobilization is yet another cost that makes it unlikely for new competitors to attempt to enter the IUD space, especially when more lucrative options exist.",
    "output": "[Cause] Cooper's large advertising spending and salesforce mobilization [Relation] prevent [Effect] makes it unlikely for new competitors to attempt to enter the IUD space",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Furthermore, we suspect that many customers are holding on to their phones longer as premium devices are more than good enough for today's needs (web browsing, media streaming, social media) and potentially tomorrow's (virtual/augmented reality).",
    "output": "[Cause] premium devices are more than good enough for today's needs and potentially tomorrow's [Relation] cause [Effect] many customers are holding on to their phones longer",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "The larger and more frequent the volume changes are, the less efficient the asset is, particularly when a barrel's destination can change from Corpus Christi to Cushing to the Gulf Coast, requiring incremental investment with a less certain long-term return.",
    "output": "[Cause] The larger and more frequent the volume changes are, the less efficient the asset is, particularly when a barrel's destination can change from Corpus Christi to Cushing to the Gulf Coast [Relation] cause [Effect] requiring incremental investment with a less certain long-term return",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "Reflecting solid third-quarter results (12% comparable growth), we are lifting our valuation of Dollar General to $181 per share from $177.",
    "output": "[Cause] solid third-quarter results (12% comparable growth) [Relation] cause [Effect] lifting our valuation of Dollar General to $181 per share",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Gross renewable generation capacity is expected to grow from about 7 gigawatts today to 35 GW by 2025 as Total invests a minimum of $2 billion per year or about 15% of total spending from 2021.",
    "output": "[Cause] Total invests a minimum of $2 billion per year or about 15% of total spending from 2021 [Relation] cause [Effect] Gross renewable generation capacity is expected to grow from about 7 gigawatts today to 35 GW by 2025",
    "gold": 1,
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    "cosine": 1.500000238418579,
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  {
    "input": "With 3M's current lineup, we forecast the firm will increasingly direct its R&D and capital expenditures toward these divisions, which we conclude are higher-growing portions of GDP.",
    "output": "[Cause] we conclude these divisions are higher-growing portions of GDP [Relation] cause [Effect] 3M will increasingly direct its R&D and capital expenditures toward these divisions",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.382030963897705,
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  {
    "input": "Some of Xilinx's FPGAs are used extensively in communication equipment that may have operational lifetimes of at least a decade if not longer. Thus, it can not only be difficult for new entrants to gain market share but also less likely that existing customers defect from Altera to Xilinx or vice versa.",
    "output": "[Cause] Some of Xilinx's FPGAs are used extensively in communication equipment with long operational lifetimes [Relation] cause [Effect] Difficult for new entrants to gain market share",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "Hard parts are increasingly complex and can vary significantly depending on the model year and selected options on any vehicle.",
    "output": "[Cause] hard parts are increasingly complex and can vary significantly depending on the model year and selected options on any vehicle. [Relation] describe [Effect] N/A (no explicit effect mentioned)",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "Given the expense associated with chip design, the margin for error is virtually non-existent, as a result of which designers are more likely to prefer tools that they are comfortable utilizing and would lead to lower chance of them making a mistake.",
    "output": "[Cause] expense associated with chip design [Relation] cause [Effect] designers are more likely to prefer tools that they are comfortable utilizing and would lead to lower chances of them making a mistake",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "Longer term, even with store closures and updated merchandising tactics, we think it could be difficult to maintain consistent comp growth given the competitive nature of the home furnishing industry.",
    "output": "[Cause] the competitive nature of the home furnishing industry [Relation] cause [Effect] it could be difficult to maintain consistent comp growth",
    "gold": 1,
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  {
    "input": "Nevertheless, after an inorganic double-digit decline in 2022 due to the portfolio transition, we expect 3%-4% growth for this business throughout our forecast.",
    "output": "[Cause] inorganic double-digit decline in 2022 due to the portfolio transition [Relation] cause [Effect] expect 3%-4% growth for this business throughout our forecast",
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  {
    "input": "Overall, net sales per unit in the Malibu segment have increased 33% since 2016, driven primarily by customer acquisition of more expensive models and by add-on features such as Surf Gate.",
    "output": "[Cause] customer acquisition of more expensive models and by add-on features such as Surf Gate [Relation] cause [Effect] net sales per unit in the Malibu segment have increased 33% since 2016",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
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    "cosine": 1.5000004768371582,
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  {
    "input": "ICE's equity trading is likely to continue to face stiff headwinds as new competitors and alternative liquidity providers encroach on the New York Stock Exchange.",
    "output": "[Cause] new competitors and alternative liquidity providers encroach on the New York Stock Exchange [Relation] cause [Effect] ICE's equity trading is likely to continue to face stiff headwinds",
    "gold": 1,
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  {
    "input": "We think that Mint has lower switching costs than TurboTax, given that it pertains to something less imperative than taxes, which is checking up on one's financial health.",
    "output": "[Cause] Mint pertains to something less imperative than taxes, which is checking up on one's financial health. [Relation] cause [Effect] Mint has lower switching costs than TurboTax",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.457583487033844,
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  {
    "input": "Paychex's customers will hire employees for their HR departments; however, the employee will actually be technically employed by Paychex. This way, smaller employers can access better rates for insurance and health benefits that Paychex can access as a larger employer.",
    "output": "[Cause] Paychex's customers hiring employees for their HR departments [Relation] enable [Effect] the employees being technically employed by Paychex",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Even so, premium brands such as Mercedes-Benz limit exposure to downturns suffered by mass-market auto companies because wealthier customers' spending is less sensitive to recessions.",
    "output": "[Cause] wealthier customers' spending is less sensitive to recessions [Relation] prevent [Effect] premium brands such as Mercedes-Benz limit exposure to downturns suffered by mass-market auto companies",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
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    "cosine": 1.4774141311645508,
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  {
    "input": "Outside of its exchanges and their associated revenue streams, Nasdaq has built broad product offerings in the corporate services and investment analytics spaces using a combination of acquisitions and organic investments.",
    "output": "[Cause] Nasdaq has built broad product offerings in the corporate services and investment analytics spaces [Relation] enable [Effect] using a combination of acquisitions and organic investments",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "Larger case volumes per store help food distributors manage delivery costs per case, particularly with expensive last-mile delivery, while in-house technological capabilities offer chains the advantage of paying for food products without added services such as inventory management, promotional strategies, or consulting services.",
    "output": "[Cause] Larger case volumes per store [Relation] enable [Effect] help food distributors manage delivery costs per case",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Given the growth we see from growing mass gambling and nongaming activity, we project Macao EBITDA margins to remain steady at 36.5% in 2030 from 36.1% in 2019, despite higher expected license-renewal fees beginning in 2022.",
    "output": "[Cause] growth from growing mass gambling and nongaming activity [Relation] enable [Effect] Macao EBITDA margins to remain steady at 36.5% in 2030 from 36.1% in 2019",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "input": "We expect opportunities for cost-cutting resulting from recent acquisitions, but unpredictable economic and competitive challenges in certain markets will likely introduce volatility and keep margin improvements modest.",
    "output": "[Cause] opportunities for cost-cutting resulting from recent acquisitions [Relation] enable [Effect] margin improvements will likely be modest",
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  {
    "input": "In periods of tight supply and favorable pricing, Seagate can earn excess returns on invested capital, but when the market hits oversupply, pricing falls, bringing Seagate's economic profits with it.",
    "output": "[Cause] periods of tight supply and favorable pricing [Relation] enable [Effect] Seagate can earn excess returns on invested capital",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "The retail services unit (just over 35% of revenue) should benefit from premiumization and rising vehicle complexity, with a return to low-double-digit same-store sales growth systemwide as the pandemic eases (after 2% expansion in fiscal 2020 as the pandemic depressed traffic).",
    "output": "[Cause] premiumization and rising vehicle complexity [Relation] enable [Effect] The retail services unit should benefit",
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    "input": "The sale of Alliance Data Systems' Epsilon has placed even more pressure on this business structure as it depleted the asset base at the parent level and left Card Services as the dominant source of income for the firm.",
    "output": "[Cause] The sale of Alliance Data Systems' Epsilon [Relation] cause [Effect] placed even more pressure on this business structure as it depleted the asset base at the parent level and left Card Services as the dominant source of income for the firm",
    "gold": 0,
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    "input": "If enterprise software experienced significant downtime or suffered a poor software release, or if a company's servers were not properly maintained or well balanced in terms of loads, a company could bear immense costs.",
    "output": "[Cause] enterprise software experiencing significant downtime or suffering a poor software release, or a company's servers not being properly maintained or well balanced in terms of loads [Relation] cause [Effect] a company could bear immense costs",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "input": "If enterprise software experienced significant downtime or suffered a poor software release, or if a company's servers were not properly maintained or well balanced in terms of loads, a company could bear immense costs.",
    "output": "[Cause] enterprise software experienced significant downtime or suffered a poor software release or company's servers were not properly maintained or well balanced in terms of loads [Relation] cause [Effect] a company could bear immense costs",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "input": "We see some evidence of customer switching costs as technicians become familiar with Matco's platform, and we expect the firm's SaaS-based offerings to help increase the business' recurring revenue stream and increase customer stickiness in the long run.",
    "output": "[Cause] technicians becoming familiar with Matco's platform [Relation] cause [Effect] evidence of customer switching costs",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "input": "We see some evidence of customer switching costs as technicians become familiar with Matco's platform, and we expect the firm's SaaS-based offerings to help increase the business' recurring revenue stream and increase customer stickiness in the long run.",
    "output": "[Cause] technicians become familiar with Matco's platform [Relation] cause [Effect] evidence of customer switching costs",
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    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Beverage concentrates sales constitute 13% of revenue but roughly 30% of operating income, and the reality is that the structurally higher margins and lower capital intensity of this segment contribute materially to Keurig Dr Pepper's excess returns.",
    "output": "[Cause] structurally higher margins and lower capital intensity of the beverage concentrates segment [Relation] enable [Effect] contribute materially to Keurig Dr Pepper's excess returns",
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  {
    "input": "This ability of users to customize their Nice products and generate personalized analytics and integrations is likely to attract new customers, which in turn will attract new developers as they can reach a wider audience.",
    "output": "[Cause] ability of users to customize their Nice products and generate personalized analytics and integrations [Relation] enable [Effect] likely to attract new customers",
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  {
    "input": "The company has a history of goodwill and fixed-asset impairments, so book value could decline if a large impairment is taken.",
    "output": "[Cause] The company has a history of goodwill and fixed-asset impairments [Relation] cause [Effect] book value could decline if a large impairment is taken",
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  {
    "input": "Regulations on its products, such as a ban on certain chemicals, represent a risk to Scotts, as it would have to reformulate products.",
    "output": "[Cause] Regulations on its products, such as a ban on certain chemicals [Relation] pose a risk [Effect] Scotts would have to reformulate products",
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  {
    "input": "In fact, we believe the primary reason states outsource to managed-care providers relates to the structural cost advantage managed-care plans typically have over the traditional Medicaid fee-for-service plans.",
    "output": "[Cause] the structural cost advantage managed-care plans typically have over the traditional Medicaid fee-for-service plans [Relation] cause [Effect] states outsource to managed-care providers",
    "gold": 1,
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  {
    "input": "Texas legislation also passed in 2015 virtually eliminates regulatory lag by allowing rate adjustments for capital investments 30 days prospectively and 155 days retroactively.",
    "output": "[Cause] Texas legislation passed in 2015 virtually eliminates regulatory lag by allowing rate adjustments for capital investments 30 days prospectively and 155 days retroactively. [Relation] enable [Effect] regulatory lag is virtually eliminated",
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  {
    "input": "We believe that the demand for snowmobiles will be tempered by a lengthy product replacement cycle, but that the leading market constituent should be able to deliver the best new product and take price.",
    "output": "[Cause] a lengthy product replacement cycle [Relation] mitigate [Effect] the demand for snowmobiles will be tempered",
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    "input": "The next nine partners make up about 30% of revenue, and any bankruptcy among them would create pressure on the company.",
    "output": "[Cause] bankruptcy among the next nine partners [Relation] cause [Effect] create pressure on the company",
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    "input": "In addition, we believe that dominate players such as TAL should continue to gain market share due to its innovation, scales, and teacher quality with standardized facilities and teaching materials.",
    "output": "[Cause] dominance players such as TAL continue to gain market share [Relation] cause [Effect] innovation, scales, and teacher quality with standardized facilities and teaching materials",
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  {
    "input": "Rebuilt North American and European herds should give way to higher slaughter rates in the coming years, boosting the amount of resin packaging sold by Sealed Air.",
    "output": "[Cause] Rebuilt North American and European herds [Relation] enable [Effect] higher slaughter rates in the coming years",
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    "input": "As a result of the competitive gaming markets it competes in, Caesars' 6.3% return on invested capital including goodwill on average the past three prepandemic years (2017-19) sits below its 8.7% weighted average cost of capital, supporting our stance that it has failed to carve out an edge.",
    "output": "[Cause] the competitive gaming markets it competes in [Relation] cause [Effect] Caesars' 6.3% return on invested capital including goodwill on average the past three prepandemic years (2017-19) sits below its 8.7% weighted average cost of capital",
    "gold": 1,
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    "input": "As a result of the competitive gaming markets it competes in, Caesars' 6.3% return on invested capital including goodwill on average the past three prepandemic years (2017-19) sits below its 8.7% weighted average cost of capital, supporting our stance that it has failed to carve out an edge.",
    "output": "[Cause] the competitive gaming markets it competes in [Relation] cause [Effect] Caesars' 6.3% return on invested capital including goodwill on average the past three prepandemic years sits below its 8.7% weighted average cost of capital",
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  {
    "input": "Exxon's upstream greenhouse gas intensity is rather high for its peer group at 38 kg CO2e/boe (2019) by our estimates due to its oil sands operations, making it a higher-cost producer.",
    "output": "[Cause] Exxon's upstream greenhouse gas intensity is rather high for its peer group at 38 kg CO2e/boe (2019) by our estimates due to its oil sands operations [Relation] cause [Effect] making it a higher-cost producer",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "We expect that COVID-19 will result in catastrophic 2020 results for Kohl's, as we forecast a sales decline of 20% and an adjusted EBITDA drop of more than 75%.",
    "output": "[Cause] COVID-19 [Relation] cause [Effect] catastrophic 2020 results for Kohl's (sales decline of 20% and adjusted EBITDA drop of more than 75%)",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "It is much more efficient for customers to trade two different equity index futures on the same exchange as this allows futures traders to net their positions out when posting collateral.",
    "output": "[Cause] trading two different equity index futures on the same exchange [Relation] enable [Effect] allows futures traders to net their positions out when posting collateral",
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    "input": "A slowdown in the real estate market, which could be indicated by increased home inventories for sale or slower growth in new- or used-home prices, could alter the wealth effect on consumers and cause them to spend less on replacing goods in their homes.",
    "output": "[Cause] A slowdown in the real estate market, indicated by increased home inventories for sale or slower growth in new- or used-home prices [Relation] cause [Effect] alter the wealth effect on consumers and cause them to spend less on replacing goods in their homes",
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    "input": "That said, since NXP is based in the Netherlands, NXP might even be a beneficiary if China were to avoid using U.S.-based MCUs in the future.",
    "output": "[Cause] NXP is based in the Netherlands [Relation] enable [Effect] NXP might even be a beneficiary if China were to avoid using U.S.-based MCUs in the future",
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    "input": "That said, since NXP is based in the Netherlands, NXP might even be a beneficiary if China were to avoid using U.S.-based MCUs in the future.",
    "output": "[Cause] NXP is based in the Netherlands [Relation] cause [Effect] NXP might be a beneficiary if China were to avoid using U.S.-based MCUs in the future",
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  {
    "input": "We increased our projections for cancer drug Loxo-305 and diabetes drug tirzepatide based on strong clinical data and Lilly's solid commitment to developing the drugs in phase 3.",
    "output": "[Cause] strong clinical data and Lilly's solid commitment to developing the drugs in phase 3 [Relation] cause [Effect] increased projections for cancer drug Loxo-305 and diabetes drug tirzepatide",
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  {
    "input": "We expect the Internet of Things segment to increase by an average of 11% over the duration of our forecast with touch, display, audio and video solutions proliferating in smart homes, automotive, and future devices like AR and VR headsets.",
    "output": "[Cause] touch, display, audio and video solutions proliferating in smart homes, automotive, and future devices like AR and VR headsets [Relation] enable [Effect] the Internet of Things segment to increase by an average of 11% over the duration of our forecast",
    "gold": 1,
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    "input": "Zebra has also relied on hefty R&D investment and add-on acquisitions to fuel top-line growth and stave off competition; any slowdown in these activities could open the firm up to a greater competitive threat.",
    "output": "[Cause] slowdown in R&D investment and add-on acquisitions [Relation] cause [Effect] open the firm up to a greater competitive threat",
    "gold": 0,
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    "input": "Zebra has also relied on hefty R&D investment and add-on acquisitions to fuel top-line growth and stave off competition; any slowdown in these activities could open the firm up to a greater competitive threat.",
    "output": "[Cause] slowdown in R&D investment and add-on acquisitions [Relation] enable [Effect] open the firm up to a greater competitive threat",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "Because of lower revenue, IT-related investments, and recent pressure on gross margins (net revenue/gross revenue) linked in part to rising buy rates for capacity, we look for Hub's adjusted 2020 EBIT margin to fall 90 basis points to 3.2%.",
    "output": "[Cause] lower revenue, IT-related investments, and recent pressure on gross margins (net revenue/gross revenue) linked in part to rising buy rates for capacity [Relation] cause [Effect] Hub's adjusted 2020 EBIT margin to fall 90 basis points to 3.2%",
    "gold": 1,
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  {
    "input": "Previously, Pfizer accounted for a third of Icon's revenue, but it now represents about 12% of revenue, and we expect this to continue to decline as diversification remains a top priority for the firm.",
    "output": "[Cause] diversification remains a top priority for the firm [Relation] cause [Effect] Pfizer now represents about 12% of revenue",
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  {
    "input": "In markets and product categories that Tractor Supply overlaps with other big-box retailers (Lowe's, PetSmart, Walmart), we think the company could be forced to be a price taker, which could weigh on local profits.",
    "output": "[Cause] Tractor Supply overlaps with other big-box retailers (Lowe's, PetSmart, Walmart) [Relation] cause [Effect] the company could be forced to be a price taker",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "The channels remain well behind ESPN in terms of total audience but have made inroads as the predecessor firm spent money on sport rights including MLB, college football, college basketball, and soccer (World Cup, MLS, and Bundesliga).",
    "output": "[Cause] spending money on sport rights including MLB, college football, college basketball, and soccer (World Cup, MLS, and Bundesliga) [Relation] enable [Effect] The channels have made inroads",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "We expect the company to produce fairly strong underwriting results in the near term, as it benefits from recent pricing increases and the impact of the coronavirus, but to revert toward historical results over time.",
    "output": "[Cause] recent pricing increases and the impact of the coronavirus [Relation] enable [Effect] expect the company to produce fairly strong underwriting results in the near term",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "Its progress should be accelerated by partnerships (with Ocado, Walgreens, Microsoft, and others) that we do not believe are available to smaller rivals because they cannot deliver the same value to counterparts.",
    "output": "[Cause] partnerships with Ocado, Walgreens, Microsoft, and others [Relation] enable [Effect] progress should be accelerated",
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  {
    "input": "Gathering and processing volumes across the Rockies and midcontinent fell 18%-20% in the second quarter of 2020, and while volumes have recovered in late 2020, the sharp decline demonstrates the challenging basin economics for producers and thus volume security for Oneok.",
    "output": "[Cause] the challenging basin economics for producers [Relation] cause [Effect] sharp decline in gathering and processing volumes",
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  {
    "input": "In the domestic market, the strategic focus is to uphold TI's premium position by optimizing the quality of operations and capital investments.",
    "output": "[Cause] strategic focus is to uphold TI's premium position [Relation] enable [Effect] optimize the quality of operations and capital investments",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "We increased our fair value estimate to $81 per share from $80 per share as Dominion begins to implement its long-term plan to comply with Virginia's Clean Energy Act.",
    "output": "[Cause] Dominion begins to implement its long-term plan to comply with Virginia's Clean Energy Act [Relation] cause [Effect] We increased our fair value estimate to $81 per share from $80 per share",
    "gold": 1,
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  {
    "input": "But even in the face of this cost pressure, we don't anticipate Colgate will turn off the spigot on its brand spend, which we view as particularly vital given the competitive landscape in which it plays. As such, we forecast it will expend around 13% of sales (or more than $2.6 billion) annually on research, development, and marketing over our explicit forecast, which we view as a prudent means to support is competitive prowess (including its entrenched standing with dentists, veterinarians, and dermatologists).",
    "output": "[Cause] the competitive landscape in which Colgate plays [Relation] cause [Effect] Colgate will continue to spend on research, development, and marketing",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "That said, we like Yum China's ability to compete during a period of heightened price competition, given its meaningful supply-chain advantages, as well as its marketing, value proposition, and digital engagement measures.",
    "output": "[Cause] Yum China's meaningful supply-chain advantages, as well as its marketing, value proposition, and digital engagement measures [Relation] enable [Effect] Yum China's ability to compete during a period of heightened price competition",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "On an individual basis, we would be happy owners of any of Smiths Group's disparate divisions, as they are all strong industry-leading niche businesses, each producing admirable margins and returns.",
    "output": "[Cause] each division being strong industry-leading niche businesses, producing admirable margins and returns [Relation] enable [Effect] we would be happy owners of any of Smiths Group's disparate divisions",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "This rivalry pits farmers on opposite sides, which we believe makes it highly unlikely for a 'Red' equipment owner to purchase a 'Green' piece of equipment.",
    "output": "[Cause] rivalry between farmers on opposite sides [Relation] prevent [Effect] it is highly unlikely for a 'Red' equipment owner to purchase a 'Green' piece of equipment",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "And Victoria's Secret could have to continue to drive in-store traffic with price and promotions after COVID-19 as consumer behavior around brick-and-mortar retailing shifts. These concerns have tempered our forecasts for consolidated gross and operating margins averaging 38% and 11%, respectively, over the next decade versus 39% and 14% over the past five years.",
    "output": "[Cause] consumer behavior around brick-and-mortar retailing shifts [Relation] enable [Effect] Victoria's Secret could have to continue to drive in-store traffic with price and promotions after COVID-19",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "Some of this impact may be offset by quarantined consumers' desire to get out of the house, but we now project that it will take until 2022 for Live Nation to return to 2019 levels. As a result, we now project that 2020 revenue will collapse to $2.1 billion, down 82% from 2019, and will only rebound to $8.5 billion by 2021, or 27% below 2019.",
    "output": "[Cause] quarantined consumers' desire to get out of the house [Relation] offset [Effect] Live Nation's projected return to 2019 levels by 2022",
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  {
    "input": "Although most dealerships are good businesses, we think the large publicly traded dealers are best positioned for growth since these firms can be the most flexible in changing brand mix, and their growing size means they can achieve working-capital efficiencies by moving inventory around their store base.",
    "output": "[Cause] large publicly traded dealers are best positioned for growth [Relation] enable [Effect] can be the most flexible in changing brand mix, and their growing size means they can achieve working-capital efficiencies by moving inventory around their store base",
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  {
    "input": "Nike's brands have proven staying power, supporting our view that it can continue to earn economic profits for at least the next 20 years.",
    "output": "[Cause] Nike's brands have proven staying power [Relation] support [Effect] it can continue to earn economic profits for at least the next 20 years",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
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    "cosine": 1.4641393423080444,
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  {
    "input": "Eastman's continual innovation of its Crystex and Impera brands allow the company to charge a premium as its newest patented products allow tire manufacturers to meet the pending regulations in all three areas.",
    "output": "[Cause] Eastman's continual innovation of its Crystex and Impera brands [Relation] enable [Effect] allow the company to charge a premium",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "However, during this extended economic cycle, we have seen rate growth decelerate as hotels have approached the occupancy peak.",
    "output": "[Cause] hotels have approached the occupancy peak [Relation] cause [Effect] rate growth decelerate",
    "gold": 1,
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  {
    "input": "In 2021, AES estimates that a 10% increase in coal or natural gas would reduce earnings by less than $0.005 per share.",
    "output": "[Cause] a 10% increase in coal or natural gas [Relation] cause [Effect] reduce earnings by less than $0.005 per share",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
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    "cosine": 1.5000001192092896,
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  {
    "input": "Albemarle has a cost advantage in lithium carbonate production due to its lucrative brine assets in the Salar de Atacama in Chile, which make up approximately 80% of its lithium profits.",
    "output": "[Cause] Albemarle's lucrative brine assets in the Salar de Atacama in Chile [Relation] enable [Effect] cost advantage in lithium carbonate production",
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    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "We look for robust truck-brokerage market conditions to persist throughout most of 2021, especially in terms of a strong late 2020/early 2021 contract bidding season (rate recovery), which is benefiting from extremely tight TL supply.",
    "output": "[Cause] extremely tight TL supply [Relation] cause [Effect] robust truck-brokerage market conditions to persist throughout most of 2021, strong late 2020/early 2021 contract bidding season (rate recovery)",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "We think Ultamate and the Ulta-branded credit cards provide customer data (used in merchandising and marketing efforts) and encourage store visitation.",
    "output": "[Cause] Ultamate and the Ulta-branded credit cards provide customer data (used in merchandising and marketing efforts) [Relation] cause [Effect] customer data used in merchandising and marketing efforts",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.330295443534851,
    "pred": 0
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  {
    "input": "Moreover, due to operating cost cuts, its selling, general, and administrative expenses rose only 2.9% in 2020, leading to an operating margin of 7.7%, up 340 basis points from 2019.",
    "output": "[Cause] operating cost cuts [Relation] cause [Effect] selling, general, and administrative expenses rose only 2.9% in 2020",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3034456968307495,
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  {
    "input": "A sharp economic downturn could affect auto technicians' ability to repay their loans to Snap-on Finance as well as credit extended from franchisees that does not appear on its balance sheet.",
    "output": "[Cause] A sharp economic downturn [Relation] cause [Effect] ",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Ball's acquisition of Rexam highlights management's focus on investment in emerging markets, where discretionary income growth ought to drive higher consumption of processed foods, including beer and soft drinks.",
    "output": "[Cause] management's focus on investment in emerging markets [Relation] enable [Effect] Ball's acquisition of Rexam",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 0.7564719617366791,
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  {
    "input": "We model this into our base-case demand assumptions, but as mRNA vaccines are in high demand globally, this is immaterial to our valuation (less than 10% impact).",
    "output": "[Cause] mRNA vaccines are in high demand globally [Relation] cause [Effect] immaterial to our valuation (less than 10% impact)",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
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    "cosine": 1.500000238418579,
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  {
    "input": "Shaw has made significant efforts to improve its wireless network and is now bundling wireless with wireline service to customers in its cable footprint, enabling it offer even better value and enhancing service when offloaded onto its WiFi network.",
    "output": "[Cause] Shaw has made significant efforts to improve its wireless network and is now bundling wireless with wireline service [Relation] enable [Effect] enabling it to offer even better value and enhancing service when offloaded onto its WiFi network",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Risks surrounding additional waves of COVID-19 cases remain, leading to potential needs for incremental liquidity, which perhaps could occur at value destructive levels.",
    "output": "[Cause] Risks surrounding additional waves of COVID-19 cases remain [Relation] cause [Effect] potential needs for incremental liquidity",
    "gold": 1,
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    "cosine": 1.4999999403953552,
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  {
    "input": "Also, while industrial and automotive markets are relatively fragmented, sales from mobile devices are relatively concentrated, requiring less SG&amp;A spend to maintain sales growth.",
    "output": "[Cause] sales from mobile devices are relatively concentrated [Relation] cause [Effect] requiring less SG&A spend to maintain sales growth",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.4963585138320923,
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  {
    "input": "Additionally, operating margins are modeled to reach 23% in 2030 from about 13% in the prepandemic year of 2019, aided by long-term growth and mix shift to higher-margin premium mass gaming and nongaming in the Macao market.",
    "output": "[Cause] long-term growth and mix shift to higher-margin premium mass gaming and non-gaming in the Macao market [Relation] cause [Effect] operating margins are modeled to reach 23% in 2030 from about 13% in the prepandemic year of 2019",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "A priority of the new strategy includes investing in technology capabilities that would help improve Kingfisher's low online penetration and improve supply chain issues, which have contributed to inefficiencies and inferior inventory turn ratios to peers.",
    "output": "[Cause] inefficient supply chain issues and low online penetration [Relation] contribute to [Effect] inferior inventory turn ratios compared to peers",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3331852555274963,
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    "input": "A priority of the new strategy includes investing in technology capabilities that would help improve Kingfisher's low online penetration and improve supply chain issues, which have contributed to inefficiencies and inferior inventory turn ratios to peers.",
    "output": "[Cause] inefficiencies and inferior inventory turn ratios to peers [Relation] cause [Effect] investing in technology capabilities",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "The potential earnings from its less visible real estate portfolio could provide some upside to the company's earnings after the easy cost-cutting is complete.",
    "output": "[Cause] potential earnings from its less visible real estate portfolio [Relation] enable [Effect] provide some upside to the company's earnings",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.3617783784866333,
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  {
    "input": "We see noninterest income increasing at a compound annual growth rate of roughly 3% during normal times, with unusual pressure emerging in 2020 and 2021. This leads us to expect a terminal return on tangible equity of 15% for our forecast period, compared with the cost of equity of 9%.",
    "output": "[Cause] unusual pressure emerging in 2020 and 2021 [Relation] cause [Effect] noninterest income increasing at a compound annual growth rate of roughly 3%",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "The non-General Dynamics bid was disqualified because the contractor could not ship a prototype by the deadline, leaving only General Dynamics as the sole source capable of delivering a product.",
    "output": "[Cause] the contractor could not ship a prototype by the deadline [Relation] prevent [Effect] the non-General Dynamics bid was disqualified",
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  {
    "input": "We expect Matco to be able to ward off competition thanks to its exclusive van route network, frequent interactions with mechanics that drive customer loyalty, and growth in diagnostic solutions that become embedded in a repair shops' operations.",
    "output": "[Cause] exclusive van route network, frequent interactions with mechanics, growth in diagnostic solutions [Relation] enable [Effect] Matco to be able to ward off competition",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "But the current environment is also inhibiting some sales, as many retailers are delaying shelf resets and thus the launch of Hain innovations.",
    "output": "[Cause] many retailers are delaying shelf resets and thus the launch of Hain innovations. [Relation] prevent [Effect] the current environment is also inhibiting some sales",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "A second factor is Boeing and Airbus, the primary commercial aerospace customers, are quite conservative customers because carbon fiber is central to the core product they deliver.",
    "output": "[Cause] carbon fiber is central to the core product Boeing and Airbus deliver [Relation] cause [Effect] Boeing and Airbus are conservative customers",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "This coincides with a generation of millennials who have long delayed many adult milestones but have started to move to the suburbs due to the pandemic, and this trend will likely continue over the next decade as they age and start families.",
    "output": "[Cause] a generation of millennials who have long delayed many adult milestones but have started to move to the suburbs due to the pandemic [Relation] cause [Effect] This trend will likely continue over the next decade as they age and start families",
    "gold": 0,
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    "input": "This coincides with a generation of millennials who have long delayed many adult milestones but have started to move to the suburbs due to the pandemic, and this trend will likely continue over the next decade as they age and start families.",
    "output": "[Cause] a generation of millennials who have long delayed many adult milestones but have started to move to the suburbs due to the pandemic [Relation] cause [Effect] this trend will likely continue over the next decade as they age and start families",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.2770044803619385,
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  {
    "input": "Our long-term revenue and margin assumptions are driven by continued employment growth over the next few years in higher-skilled professions and a return to labor market tightness.",
    "output": "[Cause] continued employment growth over the next few years in higher-skilled professions and a return to labor market tightness [Relation] drive [Effect] long-term revenue and margin assumptions",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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    "cosine": 1.447426199913025,
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  {
    "input": "As the number of contacts increases, more developers will choose to develop miniprograms for WeChat or mobile QQ, and existing users can benefit from having access to additional miniprograms.",
    "output": "[Cause] the number of contacts increases [Relation] cause, enable [Effect] more developers will choose to develop miniprograms for WeChat or mobile QQ",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
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    "cosine": 1.4827605485916138,
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  {
    "input": "As the number of contacts increases, more developers will choose to develop miniprograms for WeChat or mobile QQ, and existing users can benefit from having access to additional miniprograms.",
    "output": "[Cause] the number of contacts increases [Relation] enable [Effect] more developers will choose to develop miniprograms for WeChat or mobile QQ",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "Because ICU is the key leader in IV consumables where it can offer a significant discount relative to its competitors, we think ICU has a cost advantage that many hospital end users find attractive.",
    "output": "[Cause] ICU is the key leader in IV consumables where it can offer a significant discount relative to its competitors [Relation] cause [Effect] ICU has a cost advantage that many hospital end users find attractive",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
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    "cosine": 1.5,
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  {
    "input": "Because ICU is the key leader in IV consumables where it can offer a significant discount relative to its competitors, we think ICU has a cost advantage that many hospital end users find attractive.",
    "output": "[Cause] ICU is the key leader in IV consumables where it can offer a significant discount relative to its competitors [Relation] cause [Effect] many hospital end users find ICU's cost advantage attractive",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Because ICU is the key leader in IV consumables where it can offer a significant discount relative to its competitors, we think ICU has a cost advantage that many hospital end users find attractive.",
    "output": "[Cause] ICU can offer a significant discount relative to its competitors [Relation] cause [Effect] ICU has a cost advantage that many hospital end users find attractive",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "One benefit of the platform is that it allows the use of one business number that can support all communication types via both computers and mobile devices. This allows customers to use a personal mobile device for business needs no matter where they are while maintaining the privacy of their personal mobile phone number.",
    "output": "[Cause] The platform allows the use of one business number that can support all communication types via both computers and mobile devices [Relation] enable [Effect] Customers can use a personal mobile device for business needs no matter where they are while maintaining the privacy of their personal mobile phone number",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "Cheaper equipment can increase the likelihood of machine failure during operation, leading to lost productivity that cuts into an operator's profitability (mission-critical equipment).",
    "output": "[Cause] Cheaper equipment [Relation] cause [Effect] increase the likelihood of machine failure during operation",
    "gold": 0,
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    "cosine": 1.3662081956863403,
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  {
    "input": "Not only new users of Weibo but also existing users see higher value from the network as the number of users increase.",
    "output": "[Cause] the number of users increase [Relation] enable [Effect] new users of Weibo and existing users see higher value from the network",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "The company has also been able to maintain ample supply of premier land to replace closed communities and meet future demand.",
    "output": "[Cause] the company has been able to maintain ample supply of premier land [Relation] enable [Effect] replace closed communities and meet future demand",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "Ultimately, workers will need to be comfortable with that technology, which can become complicated if they're forced to learn multiple platforms.",
    "output": "[Cause] workers being forced to learn multiple platforms [Relation] cause [Effect] workers needing to be comfortable with that technology",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "States across which PPL operates are beginning to embrace tighter policies on carbon emissions and greater restrictions on coal generation, although we think that transition will be slower in states like Kentucky with a large coal industry presence.",
    "output": "[Cause] States across which PPL operates are beginning to embrace tighter policies on carbon emissions and greater restrictions on coal generation [Relation] cause [Effect] transition will be slower in states like Kentucky with a large coal industry presence",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "As a part of this, Campbell is scrutinizing its innovation pipeline to ensure alignment with consumers' evolving trends (including convenience, health, and wellness).",
    "output": "[Cause] Campbell is scrutinizing its innovation pipeline to ensure alignment with consumers' evolving trends (including convenience, health, and wellness). [Relation] cause [Effect] N/A (no explicit effect mentioned in the text)",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "However, we expect higher wage and health care costs to more than offset $150 million to $170 million in identified operating expense savings attributed to revamping the firm's supply chain, reducing indirect spending, leveraging shared services, and continuing to optimize the salesforce.",
    "output": "[Cause] higher wage and health care costs [Relation] cause [Effect] more than offset $150 million to $170 million in identified operating expense savings",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "However, with substantial cash flow, we think the company is well positioned to target several rare diseases over the next decade.",
    "output": "[Cause] substantial cash flow [Relation] enable [Effect] the company is well positioned to target several rare diseases over the next decade",
    "gold": 1,
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  {
    "input": "NiSource has reduced some of the regulatory uncertainty related to its planned natural gas distribution and electric utilities investments by securing preapprovals and favorable rate mechanisms that provide for automatic rate increases as infrastructure investments are made.",
    "output": "[Cause] securing preapprovals and favorable rate mechanisms [Relation] enable [Effect] reduced regulatory uncertainty related to its planned natural gas distribution and electric utilities investments",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Amazon has done a better job diversifying its product mix toward more consumer staples in recent years, which should help to insulate the company from a global economic slowdown or recession.",
    "output": "[Cause] Amazon has done a better job diversifying its product mix toward more consumer staples in recent years [Relation] cause [Effect] help to insulate the company from a global economic slowdown or recession",
    "gold": 1,
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  {
    "input": "Its position and brand strength empower it to charge the highest subscriber fees of any cable network, which in turn generate sustainable profits.",
    "output": "[Cause] Its position and brand strength empower it to charge the highest subscriber fees of any cable network [Relation] enable [Effect] generate sustainable profits",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Its position and brand strength empower it to charge the highest subscriber fees of any cable network, which in turn generate sustainable profits.",
    "output": "[Cause] Its position and brand strength [Relation] enable [Effect] empower it to charge the highest subscriber fees of any cable network",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "PG&E needs well-functioning and cost-effective capital markets to fund its planned $8 billion of investment every year.",
    "output": "[Cause] PG&E needs well-functioning and cost-effective capital markets [Relation] enable [Effect] fund its planned $8 billion of investment every year",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "If an enterprise software experienced significant downtime, suffered a poor software release, or a company's servers were not properly maintained or well balanced in terms of loads--a company could bear immense costs.",
    "output": "[Cause] significant downtime, poor software release, or servers not properly maintained or well balanced in terms of loads [Relation] cause [Effect] a company could bear immense costs",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "We believe switching costs in small and medium business banking are reinforced by relationship managers, specialised sector expertise, breadth of product offerings, and the customers additional focus on system reliability.",
    "output": "[Cause] relationship managers, specialised sector expertise, breadth of product offerings, and the customers' additional focus on system reliability [Relation] reinforce [Effect] switching costs in small and medium business banking are reinforced",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Illinois and Maryland are two historically tough regulatory environments, and punitive rate decisions could have a material impact on earnings and growth.",
    "output": "[Cause] Illinois and Maryland are historically tough regulatory environments [Relation] cause [Effect] punitive rate decisions could have a material impact on earnings and growth",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "And although it has a track record of staying on top of evolving consumer trends with its assortment of locally relevant fare, we posit Colgate's cost advantages enable it to replicate competitive products and do so at a lower cost.",
    "output": "[Cause] Colgate's cost advantages enable it to replicate competitive products [Relation] enable [Effect] do so at a lower cost",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "We expect services revenue can decrease to 5% of revenue by 2031, as the company relies increasingly on third party IT servicers to implement and service its software.",
    "output": "[Cause] the company relies increasingly on third-party IT servicers to implement and service its software [Relation] enable [Effect] services revenue can decrease to 5% of revenue by 2031",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
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  {
    "input": "Northrop also faces the risk that supply chain issues or production challenges would prevent it from meeting its contractual obligations, which could strain the relationship with the customer.",
    "output": "[Cause] supply chain issues or production challenges [Relation] prevent [Effect] prevent Northrop from meeting its contractual obligations",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "TechnipFMC's subsea segment will be particularly adversely affected owing to its exposure to deep-water offshore, which stands at a cost disadvantage compared with low-cost U.S.",
    "output": "[Cause] TechnipFMC's exposure to deep-water offshore, which stands at a cost disadvantage compared with low-cost U.S. [Relation] cause [Effect] TechnipFMC's subsea segment will be particularly adversely affected",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "TransAlta should be well positioned to manage its environmental, social, and governance risk, primarily from greenhouse gas emissions, as it retires or repowers its remaining coal-fired power plants over the next few years.",
    "output": "[Cause] retiring or repowering its remaining coal-fired power plants over the next few years [Relation] enable [Effect] TransAlta should be well positioned to manage its environmental, social, and governance risk, primarily from greenhouse gas emissions",
    "gold": 0,
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  {
    "input": "They would not have the advantage Cogent had 20 years ago, when top providers in a more nascent Internet business were phone and cable companies, and fiber assets could be procured on the cheap due to the collapse of the tech and telecom bubble.",
    "output": "[Cause] the collapse of the tech and telecom bubble [Relation] cause [Effect] fiber assets could be procured on the cheap",
    "gold": 1,
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  {
    "input": "We aren't fond of the price paid, which was set in a bidding war with Fox and Disney, as the business generated only $3.1 billion in EBITDA in 2019 and required $1.5 billion in capital spending.",
    "output": "[Cause] the price paid, which was set in a bidding war with Fox and Disney [Relation] cause [Effect] the business generated only $3.1 billion in EBITDA in 2019 and required $1.5 billion in capital spending",
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  {
    "input": "Before 2016, the market had long viewed Johnson Controls as an automotive-parts company because about two thirds of its sales came from automakers.",
    "output": "[Cause] about two-thirds of its sales came from automakers [Relation] cause [Effect] the market had long viewed Johnson Controls as an automotive-parts company before 2016",
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    "input": "At the same time, the company can benefit from increased aftermarket sales, as Ingersoll-Rand said that iConn has increased the aftermarket opportunity for connected compressors by as much as 25%. As such, we believe that not only will digital solutions increase the stickiness of the business by offering software that complements the large installed base of equipment, but they also have the potential to translate into a meaningfully larger recurring revenue stream.",
    "output": "[Cause] iConn has increased the aftermarket opportunity for connected compressors by as much as 25% [Relation] enable [Effect] the company can benefit from increased aftermarket sales",
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    "input": "Though we think West could see some margin expansion in 2022, we think the rate of margin expansion could slow because of more-normal levels of operating costs, and we forecast margin growth of just 20 basis points next year.",
    "output": "[Cause] more-normal levels of operating costs [Relation] cause [Effect] the rate of margin expansion could slow",
    "gold": 1,
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    "input": "The trust placed in O'Reilly's staff members makes consumers more receptive to trying a proprietary-label product, reinforcing the value of the brands in O'Reilly's portfolio.",
    "output": "[Cause] The trust placed in O'Reilly's staff members [Relation] enable [Effect] makes consumers more receptive to trying a proprietary-label product, reinforcing the value of the brands in O'Reilly's portfolio",
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    "input": "Agco experienced strong growth in core Agco European and North American markets during 2018, largely due to pent-up replacement demand after years of weaker sales.",
    "output": "[Cause] pent-up replacement demand after years of weaker sales [Relation] cause [Effect] Agco experienced strong growth in core Agco European and North American markets during 2018",
    "gold": 1,
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  {
    "input": "The disease is still not fully contained, so this supply shortage should support global protein prices once the pandemic subsides and should result in strong export demand.",
    "output": "[Cause] The disease is still not fully contained [Relation] cause [Effect] supply shortage should support global protein prices once the pandemic subsides",
    "gold": 0,
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    "input": "The disease is still not fully contained, so this supply shortage should support global protein prices once the pandemic subsides and should result in strong export demand.",
    "output": "[Cause] The disease is still not fully contained, resulting in a supply shortage [Relation] enable [Effect] support global protein prices once the pandemic subsides",
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  {
    "input": "Through analyzing the data and applying artificial intelligence, the advertisers can improve the efficiency of advertisements through targeted marketing, which can lead to higher advertising revenue for Tencent.",
    "output": "[Cause] analyzing the data and applying artificial intelligence [Relation] enable [Effect] improve the efficiency of advertisements through targeted marketing",
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    "input": "Through analyzing the data and applying artificial intelligence, the advertisers can improve the efficiency of advertisements through targeted marketing, which can lead to higher advertising revenue for Tencent.",
    "output": "[Cause] analyzing the data and applying artificial intelligence [Relation] enable [Effect] improve the efficiency of advertisements through targeted marketing",
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    "input": "Meanwhile, suppliers can enjoy the full capabilities of Coupa's product for free and can onboard rapidly, motivating them to sign up to maintain existing customer relationships and foster new ones.",
    "output": "[Cause] suppliers can enjoy the full capabilities of Coupa's product for free and can onboard rapidly [Relation] cause [Effect] motivating them to sign up to maintain existing customer relationships and foster new ones",
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  {
    "input": "Pipeline extensions or expansions have high incremental returns on capital because each new end point of supply means more customers paying for the core Transco network.",
    "output": "[Cause] Pipeline extensions or expansions [Relation] enable [Effect] have high incremental returns on capital",
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    "input": "Attempts to fill unused capacity by competing for existing contracts tend to prove challenging because staggered multiyear supply contracts reduce the volume of production open to competition in any given year.",
    "output": "[Cause] staggered multiyear supply contracts [Relation] cause [Effect] reduce the volume of production open to competition in any given year",
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    "input": "We see this increasing more in line with nominal GDP growth in the future, forecasting a mid-single-digit growth rate for noninterest income in our base case, around the high end of management guidance. This is driven by increased insurance revenue and a return to growth in card income in line with an (albeit likely protracted) economic recovery.",
    "output": "[Cause] increased insurance revenue and a return to growth in card income in line with an economic recovery [Relation] cause [Effect] mid-single-digit growth rate for noninterest income in the future",
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    "input": "The combination of Valspar's and Sherwin's operations is allowing for the gradual closure of redundant facilities, which management expects to take years to play out, and they aren't explicitly identified in synergy estimates for the deal.",
    "output": "[Cause] The combination of Valspar's and Sherwin's operations [Relation] enable [Effect] allowing for the gradual closure of redundant facilities",
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    "input": "Given the inherent scalability in the asset light business model, we expect operating margins to improve over time as general and administrative and technology and development costs decrease as a percentage of segment revenue.",
    "output": "[Cause] inherent scalability in the asset light business model [Relation] enable [Effect] expect operating margins to improve over time",
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    "input": "As current iPhone users are familiar with the iOS environment (Apple-centric apps, services, and so on), it may take multiple subpar product releases to warrant an exodus to an Android OS, as these customers are likely loath to leave Apple's seemingly superior walled garden.",
    "output": "[Cause] current iPhone users are familiar with the iOS environment (Apple-centric apps, services, and so on) [Relation] impact [Effect] it may take multiple subpar product releases to warrant an exodus to an Android OS",
    "gold": 1,
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    "input": "While we continue to expect the firm's operating margins to be affected by lower revenue yields and higher operating costs, we see adjusted operating profitability hovering between 32% and 35% of revenue (up from 30% to 32% previously) during our five-year forecast period. As a result, the company should be able to generate at least $650 million in free cash flow on average annually during 2020-24.",
    "output": "[Cause] lower revenue yields and higher operating costs [Relation] cause [Effect] operating margins to be affected",
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    "input": "However, we expect margins to recover and return to the low to mid-30% range as the company continues to develop new downstream products that provide some pricing power.",
    "output": "[Cause] the company continues to develop new downstream products [Relation] enable [Effect] margins to recover and return to the low to mid-30% range",
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    "input": "The company's enhanced oil recovery and exploration projects are no longer economically viable when commodity prices drop below certain thresholds.",
    "output": "[Cause] commodity prices drop below certain thresholds [Relation] cause [Effect] The company's enhanced oil recovery and exploration projects are no longer economically viable",
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    "input": "Toll Brothers enjoys strong brand recognition among homebuilders and is a market leader in the luxury homebuilding space; however, it operates in an extremely cyclical, competitive, and capital-intensive industry that prevents the company from earning consistent positive economic profits over the business cycle.",
    "output": "[Cause] Toll Brothers operates in an extremely cyclical, competitive, and capital-intensive industry [Relation] prevent [Effect] prevents the company from earning consistent positive economic profits over the business cycle",
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    "input": "Success in refining is primarily a function of the difference in the amount the refiner pays for oil and the amount at which it sells the refined product. As such, the short- and long-term risks depend on movements in the prices of crude oil and gasoline or diesel which can be volatile.",
    "output": "[Cause] movements in the prices of crude oil and gasoline or diesel which can be volatile [Relation] cause [Effect] the short- and long-term risks depend on these movements",
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    "input": "We believe that Paycom's unified database and strong focus on employee self-service and data analytics will enable businesses to see the value in the firm's platform and will drive new client adoption alongside further entrenching existing clients within Paycom.",
    "output": "[Cause] Paycom's unified database and strong focus on employee self-service and data analytics [Relation] enable [Effect] enable businesses to see the value in the firm's platform, drive new client adoption, entrench existing clients within Paycom",
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    "input": "With gross margin improvement and revenue significantly outpacing the year-over-year increases needed in sales, marketing, and development efforts, we model operating margins to improve into the 20% range in fiscal 2025, up from a negative 30% in fiscal 2020.",
    "output": "[Cause] gross margin improvement and revenue significantly outpacing the year-over-year increases needed in sales, marketing, and development efforts [Relation] cause [Effect] operating margins to improve into the 20% range in fiscal 2025, up from a negative 30% in fiscal 2020.",
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    "input": "Given TE's excellent operating record and time-tested reliability, a customer would face little motivation to switch to a marginally cheaper supplier, given the potentially cataclysmic blow to the customer's reputation and profits that would arise from an ill-performing new system.",
    "output": "[Cause] TE's excellent operating record and time-tested reliability [Relation] enable [Effect] a customer would face little motivation to switch to a marginally cheaper supplier",
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    "input": "There were a few new, stringent rules on licensing and operations in after-school tutoring in China, which would require providers to fulfil fire safety, space requirement, and obtain both operating licenses and education permits.",
    "output": "[Cause] new, stringent rules on licensing and operations in after-school tutoring in China [Relation] cause [Effect] require providers to fulfill fire safety, space requirements, and obtain both operating licenses and education permits",
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    "input": "We expect American's fundamentals will recover after a COVID-19 vaccine is distributed, which we assume will occur in 2021, and business travel subsequently resumes.",
    "output": "[Cause] distribution of a COVID-19 vaccine [Relation] enable [Effect] American's fundamentals will recover",
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    "input": "An OEM will gladly pay more for an integrated solution, because it is able to save time and costs by outsourcing the integration to a trusted design partner, like TE.",
    "output": "[Cause] ability to save time and costs by outsourcing the integration to a trusted design partner, like TE [Relation] enable [Effect] An OEM will gladly pay more for an integrated solution",
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    "input": "Business ethics risk stems from Nissan's involvement in emissions cheating and a recall due to lacks final inspection protocol in Japan.",
    "output": "[Cause] Nissan's involvement in emissions cheating and a recall due to lacks final inspection protocol in Japan [Relation] cause [Effect] Business ethics risk",
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  {
    "input": "The Grand Prix pipeline will reduce Targa's costs for NGLs, as it will no longer pay third-party tariffs to transport its NGLs to market.",
    "output": "[Cause] The Grand Prix pipeline [Relation] enable [Effect] reduce Targa's costs for NGLs",
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    "input": "The Grand Prix pipeline will reduce Targa's costs for NGLs, as it will no longer pay third-party tariffs to transport its NGLs to market.",
    "output": "[Cause] The Grand Prix pipeline [Relation] enable [Effect] reduce Targa's costs for NGLs",
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  {
    "input": "In our opinion, Nvidia tends to provide more reliable drivers for most games that allows gamers to take full advantage of its GPUs, while AMD is unable to match Nvidia in breadth and consistency of driver updates.",
    "output": "[Cause] Nvidia tends to provide more reliable drivers for most games [Relation] enable [Effect] allows gamers to take full advantage of its GPUs",
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    "input": "Further, refining and processing margins are generally slim, so squeezing every possible drop of efficiency out of the assets is critical.",
    "output": "[Cause] refining and processing margins are generally slim [Relation] cause [Effect] squeezing every possible drop of efficiency out of the assets is critical",
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    "input": "Positively, the need for dialysis clinics will not evaporate in that scenario since at-home patients need to be trained and monitored even if they don't receive treatment in the clinic.",
    "output": "[Cause] the need for dialysis clinics will not evaporate in that scenario [Relation] ensure [Effect] at-home patients need to be trained and monitored even if they don't receive treatment in the clinic",
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  {
    "input": "We anticipate the average selling price for the company's core Invisalign products will continue to decrease because of increasing competition in the mature North America market as well as increased direct-to-consumer markets that have lower average price points.",
    "output": "[Cause] increasing competition in the mature North America market, increased direct-to-consumer markets that have lower average price points [Relation] cause [Effect] anticipate the average selling price for the company's core Invisalign products will continue to decrease",
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  {
    "input": "While both Synopsys and Cadence provide an end-to-end flow of EDA solutions for the chip design process (Mentor is a little more specialized), customers tend to use different vendors for each stage of the design process. As a result, a business may use Synopsys for verification tools/digital design, Cadence for logic synthesis/analog chips, and Mentor for physical layout/verification.",
    "output": "[Cause] Different vendors for each stage of the design process [Relation] cause [Effect] Customers tend to use different vendors for each stage of the design process",
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  {
    "input": "Although this international presence provides new growth opportunities, diversifies revenue, and damps cyclicality, it also exposes the company to foreign currency, economic, and other risks.",
    "output": "[Cause] international presence [Relation] cause [Effect] ",
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    "input": "Although this international presence provides new growth opportunities, diversifies revenue, and damps cyclicality, it also exposes the company to foreign currency, economic, and other risks.",
    "output": "[Cause] international presence [Relation] enable [Effect] provides new growth opportunities, diversifies revenue, and damps cyclicality",
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    "input": "And while Rogers historically had the top network, the evolution of a network sharing agreement between BCE and Telus closed the gap and resulted in them leapfrogging Rogers in many ''''best network'''' surveys.",
    "output": "[Cause] the evolution of a network sharing agreement between BCE and Telus [Relation] enable [Effect] resulted in them leapfrogging Rogers in many \"best network\" surveys",
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  {
    "input": "The Charter acquisition led to depressed returns on invested capital including goodwill, which declined to the midsingle digits in recent years.",
    "output": "[Cause] The Charter acquisition led to depressed returns on invested capital including goodwill [Relation] cause [Effect] goodwill declined to the midsingle digits in recent years",
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  {
    "input": "The high quality of the company's operating performance translates directly into high midcycle returns on capital via the company's ability to charge premium prices on its services.",
    "output": "[Cause] the high quality of the company's operating performance [Relation] enable [Effect] high midcycle returns on capital",
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    "input": "The firm has oriented itself to benefit from secular trends toward electrification, efficiency, and connectivity, and we think that investors will see meaningful top- and bottom-line growth as its end markets rebound from a couple years of soft demand.",
    "output": "[Cause] The firm has oriented itself to benefit from secular trends toward electrification, efficiency, and connectivity [Relation] enable [Effect] investors will see meaningful top- and bottom-line growth as its end markets rebound from a couple years of soft demand",
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    "input": "Murphy Oil repositioned itself as a pure-play exploration and production company in 2013, spinning off its retail gas station business and selling its U.K.",
    "output": "[Cause] Murphy Oil repositioned itself as a pure-play exploration and production company in 2013, spinning off its retail gas station business and selling its U.K. [Relation] unknown [Effect] unknown",
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    "input": "In addition, given the fixed number of hours per day, higher usage and engagement on one social network could come at a cost to other social networks, reducing user engagement and the potential return on investment for advertisers.",
    "output": "[Cause] higher usage and engagement on one social network [Relation] cause [Effect] reducing user engagement and the potential return on investment for advertisers on other social networks",
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  {
    "input": "If the firm is unable to effectively source and integrate new employees, it could stymie innovation and affect Paylocity's competitive positioning.",
    "output": "[Cause] the firm is unable to effectively source and integrate new employees [Relation] cause [Effect] stymie innovation and affect Paylocity's competitive positioning",
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  {
    "input": "Weakness in the global economy could bode poorly for chip demand from industrial and automotive customers from time to time.",
    "output": "[Cause] Weakness in the global economy [Relation] cause [Effect] bode poorly for chip demand from industrial and automotive customers from time to time",
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    "input": "ADI and its chipmaking peers tend to profit from these high switching costs by having lower ongoing R&amp;D and capital expenditure investments than digital chipmakers, which helps to contribute to healthy returns on capital for shareholders.",
    "output": "[Cause] ADI and its chipmaking peers tend to profit from these high switching costs [Relation] enable [Effect] lower ongoing R&D and capital expenditure investments than digital chipmakers",
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    "input": "We then expect the company to leverage the cost item starting in 2022, driven by a recovery in travel demand and by the power of a more built out network.",
    "output": "[Cause] recovery in travel demand and a more built out network [Relation] enable [Effect] expect the company to leverage the cost item starting in 2022",
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  {
    "input": "Its operational efficiency, network effect, and laser focus on customer service provide its marketplaces with sustainable competitive advantages that traditional retailers cannot match; this should yield additional market share gains in the years to come.",
    "output": "[Cause] operational efficiency, network effect, and laser focus on customer service [Relation] enable [Effect] provide its marketplaces with sustainable competitive advantages",
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  {
    "input": "Its operational efficiency, network effect, and laser focus on customer service provide its marketplaces with sustainable competitive advantages that traditional retailers cannot match; this should yield additional market share gains in the years to come.",
    "output": "[Cause] operational efficiency, network effect, and laser focus on customer service [Relation] provide [Effect] sustainable competitive advantages that traditional retailers cannot match",
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    "input": "Despite the inevitable complexity of appealing to distinct local palates, we believe Monster's continued geographic diversification should augment its positioning.",
    "output": "[Cause] the inevitable complexity of appealing to distinct local palates [Relation] cause [Effect] Monster's continued geographic diversification should augment its positioning",
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  {
    "input": "When credit standards become tougher in a tightening cycle, financing services can make a difference for manufacturers to lock in those customers.",
    "output": "[Cause] credit standards become tougher in a tightening cycle [Relation] enable [Effect] financing services can make a difference for manufacturers to lock in those customers",
    "gold": 1,
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  {
    "input": "These competitive advantages have allowed the firm to maintain its technological edge through a large research and development budget and close relationships with customers to identify future needs in the PDC space.",
    "output": "[Cause] competitive advantages (including a large research and development budget and close relationships with customers) [Relation] enable [Effect] maintain its technological edge",
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  {
    "input": "As one of the world's leading volume producers, Volkswagen's economies of scale from common platforms across a growing number of models enable cost savings unattainable by smaller competitors.",
    "output": "[Cause] Volkswagen's economies of scale from common platforms across a growing number of models [Relation] enable [Effect] enable cost savings unattainable by smaller competitors",
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  {
    "input": "As one of the world's leading volume producers, Volkswagen's economies of scale from common platforms across a growing number of models enable cost savings unattainable by smaller competitors.",
    "output": "[Cause] economies of scale from common platforms across a growing number of models [Relation] enable [Effect] cost savings unattainable by smaller competitors",
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  {
    "input": "We believe smaller local and regional competitors will struggle to win market share in agriculture markets globally, allowing CNH Industrial to maintain its strong market share positions.",
    "output": "[Cause] smaller local and regional competitors will struggle to win market share in agriculture markets globally [Relation] enable [Effect] CNH Industrial to maintain its strong market share positions",
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    "input": "We believe smaller local and regional competitors will struggle to win market share in agriculture markets globally, allowing CNH Industrial to maintain its strong market share positions.",
    "output": "[Cause] smaller local and regional competitors will struggle to win market share in agriculture markets globally [Relation] cause [Effect] CNH Industrial to maintain its strong market share positions",
    "gold": 1,
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  {
    "input": "As mass merchants and online retailers have enhanced their consumer electronic product assortments and OEMs built out their own retail and direct-to-consumer channels, suppliers have become less dependent on Best Buy for distribution, in our view.",
    "output": "[Cause] mass merchants and online retailers have enhanced their consumer electronic product assortments and OEMs built out their own retail and direct-to-consumer channels [Relation] cause [Effect] suppliers have become less dependent on Best Buy for distribution",
    "gold": 1,
    "valid": true,
    "tag": "em",
    "cosine": 1.5,
    "pred": 1
  },
  {
    "input": "Meanwhile, we expect IP revenue to grow at a low-double digit rate, bolstered by a growth in chip customization as Moore's Law slows and chip designers seek to differentiate their products.",
    "output": "[Cause] as Moore's Law slows and chip designers seek to differentiate their products [Relation] enable [Effect] IP revenue to grow at a low-double digit rate, bolstered by a growth in chip customization",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3557629585266113,
    "pred": 0
  },
  {
    "input": "First, NICE could face limitations to total addressable market (TAM) expansion and market share growth due to increased competition in the contact center space.",
    "output": "[Cause] increased competition in the contact center space [Relation] prevent [Effect] limitations to total addressable market (TAM) expansion and market share growth for NICE",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4392120838165283,
    "pred": 1
  },
  {
    "input": "The current economic environment and the fallout from COVID-19 is a stark reminder of this, where corporate spending, consumer spending, and travel have all been curtailed, significantly affecting the company's revenue.",
    "output": "[Cause] the current economic environment and the fallout from COVID-19 [Relation] cause [Effect] corporate spending, consumer spending, and travel have all been curtailed, significantly affecting the company's revenue",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.3512082695960999,
    "pred": 0
  },
  {
    "input": "We see upside in margins for the F-35, as more sustainment enters the business mix as well and the potential to move to a more fixed-price contract as the aircraft becomes a major defense acquisition program.",
    "output": "[Cause] more sustainment enters the business mix | the potential to move to a more fixed-price contract [Relation] enable [Effect] upside in margins for the F-35",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.0677327513694763,
    "pred": 0
  },
  {
    "input": "M&G could do with restoring the prestige of this asset-management part of the business and we think this would most likely be achieved by building a top-tier operation in institutional asset management.",
    "output": "[Cause] M&G could do with restoring the prestige of this asset-management part of the business [Relation] enable [Effect] building a top-tier operation in institutional asset management",
    "gold": 0,
    "valid": false,
    "tag": "nonsubstr",
    "cosine": 1.4766045808792114,
    "pred": 1
  }
]