{
  "version": "v1.0",
  "data": [
    {
      "context": "If one or more of Ecolab's customers were to experience a disastrous outcome, the firm's reputation could suffer and it could lose multiple customers as a result.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: one or more of Ecolab's customers were to experience a disastrous outcome\nEffect: the firm's reputation could suffer and it could lose multiple customers\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "86951ffe"
    },
    {
      "context": "As grocery customers regularly visit the store, they are continually exposed to the firm's higher margin offerings, spurring lucrative general merchandise sales.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: hey are continually exposed to the firm's higher margin offerings\nEffect: spurring lucrative general merchandise sales\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "cf9c3fbb"
    },
    {
      "context": "Nevertheless, with voices amplified through structural shifts like the rise of digital media, consumers have more agency than ever: if they want LaCroix (or any other National Beverage brand), retailers eventually have to oblige.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: voices amplified through structural shifts\nEffect: consumers have more agency\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "a3bb7c1a"
    },
    {
      "context": "Despite these low margins, the company has historically generated returns on invested capital of 20% largely due to scale and growth driven by strong drug price inflation and increases in therapies.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: scale and growth driven by strong drug price inflation and increases in therapies\nEffect: the company has historically generated returns on invested capital of 20% largely\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "ad743948"
    },
    {
      "context": "Steadily rising Internet access pricing is a key element of our belief that Altice USA can maintain revenue per customer and cash flow as fewer customers take television and telephone services.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Steadily rising Internet access pricing\nEffect: Altice USA can maintain revenue per customer and cash flow\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "b12dccf3"
    },
    {
      "context": "Steadily rising Internet access pricing is a key element of our belief that Altice USA can maintain revenue per customer and cash flow as fewer customers take television and telephone services.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: fewer customers take television and telephone services\nEffect: Steadily rising Internet access pricing\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "5fc1270c"
    },
    {
      "context": "In our view, Akamai's biggest environmental, social, and governance, or ESG, risk is that of a data or security breach, given the firm is entrusted with and handles such high volumes of sensitive data.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the firm is entrusted with and handles such high volumes of sensitive data\nEffect: In our view, Akamai's biggest environmental, social, and governance, or ESG, risk is that of a data or security breach\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "f3bf26e3"
    },
    {
      "context": "With summer 2021 deployment expected abroad, we now think the firm could generate around $2 in EPS in 2022, up from $1.69 prior (still well below the $9.54 in EPS Royal generated in 2019).",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: summer 2021 deployment expected abroad\nEffect: we now think the firm could generate around $2 in EPS in 2022, up from $1.69 prior (still well below the $9.54 in EPS Royal generated in 2019)\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "0b3a62f9"
    },
    {
      "context": "In the other European countries, we expect the firm to drive fixed and mobile convergence, with a positive effect on growth and churn rates, and achieve slow margin improvement thanks to efficiency gains via digitalization and scale.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: efficiency gains via digitalization and scale\nEffect: achieve slow margin improvement\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "b7420ca1"
    },
    {
      "context": "In the other European countries, we expect the firm to drive fixed and mobile convergence, with a positive effect on growth and churn rates, and achieve slow margin improvement thanks to efficiency gains via digitalization and scale.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the firm to drive fixed and mobile convergence\nEffect: a positive effect on growth and churn rates\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "3cc8719d"
    },
    {
      "context": "Kroger's efforts to monetize its consumer data introduces risk as it grows in segments outside its core competency (such as media and market analysis for outside clients).",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: it grows in segments outside its core competency (such as media and market analysis for outside clients)\nEffect: Kroger's efforts to monetize its consumer data introduces risk\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "0563b72a"
    },
    {
      "context": "History suggests this could Drug Manufacturers - Specialty & Genericbe possible, as Illinois's early plans for recreational legalization would hand an advantage to companies with medical cultivation and dispensary licenses.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Illinois's early plans for recreational legalization would hand an advantage to companies with medical cultivation and dispensary licenses\nEffect: this could Drug Manufacturers - Specialty & Genericbe possible\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "fd0010a3"
    },
    {
      "context": "Of all Eaton's businesses, we're most bullish on its electrical sector and its aerospace business given data center growth, necessary upgrades to aging infrastructure, and the eventual commercial aerospace recovery.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: data center growth, necessary upgrades to aging infrastructure, and the eventual commercial aerospace recovery\nEffect: we're most bullish on its electrical sector and its aerospace business\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "5b839038"
    },
    {
      "context": "Despite this position, Vivo has steadily lost market share in the broadband Internet access market, both as it has lost customers and other carriers have gained.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: it has lost customers and other carriers have gained\nEffect: Vivo has steadily lost market share in the broadband Internet access market\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "f596e4b3"
    },
    {
      "context": "Hanes' capital expenditure as a percentage of revenue has been 2% or less in every year since 2011 as it has focused on product development.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: it has focused on product development.\nEffect: Hanes' capital expenditure as a percentage of revenue has been 2% or less in every year since 2011\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "7b6f457e"
    },
    {
      "context": "Liberty Latin America struck an agreement to buy the Costa Rican business, expanding its relatively modest presence in Central America.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Liberty Latin America struck an agreement to buy the Costa Rican business\nEffect: expanding its relatively modest presence in Central America.\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "1f72a73c"
    },
    {
      "context": "Another example is Qualitrol, which offers condition-based monitoring solutions that allow utilities to reduce unnecessary maintenance and lower the risk of unplanned outages.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: condition-based monitoring solutions\nEffect: utilities to reduce unnecessary maintenance and lower the risk of unplanned outages\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "ee24097f"
    },
    {
      "context": "Despite Telus' best in class network, we think it will have to adapt to Shaw, which will likely mean reduced pricing power and margins.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Despite Telus' best in class network, we think it will have to adapt to Shaw\nEffect: reduced pricing power and margins\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "92d928b9"
    },
    {
      "context": "Given the glacial pace of change, we believe this adds a layer of risk to the disrupter and gives incumbents and legacy providers more opportunities to sustain organizational inertia.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the glacial pace of change\nEffect: adds a layer of risk to the disrupter and gives incumbents and legacy providers more opportunities to sustain organizational inertia\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "66d79e53"
    },
    {
      "context": "We used 2019 as a reference point, as Carnival only operated sailings through March 2020, rendering the 2020 metric unusable.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: as Carnival only operated sailings through March 2020, rendering the 2020 metric unusable.\nEffect: We used 2019 as a reference point,\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "d09b198b"
    },
    {
      "context": "Foreign exchange exposure could prove unpredictable as the firm grows internationally, if the dollar and euro trend widely versus the Canadian dollar (BRP's home currency).",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the dollar and euro trend widely versus the Canadian dollar (BRP's home currency)\nEffect: Foreign exchange exposure could prove unpredictable\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "1ae19ac3"
    },
    {
      "context": "Tesla's CEO owns about 21% of Tesla's stock and uses it as collateral for personal loans, which raises the risk of a large sale to repay debt.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Tesla's CEO owns about 21% of Tesla's stock and uses it as collateral for personal loans\nEffect: risk of a large sale to repay debt\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "0debbd80"
    },
    {
      "context": "AutoNation operates in a very cyclical industry and is more prone to revenue volatility than other dealer firms because it has so much cash coming in from California, Florida, and Texas.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: it has so much cash coming in from California, Florida, and Texas\nEffect: AutoNation operates in a very cyclical industry and is more prone to revenue volatility than other dealer firms\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "1ea69a06"
    },
    {
      "context": "We think Lululemon protects the integrity of its brand by selling only high-quality apparel and it has continued to grow and improve margins despite the introduction of competing products by others.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: the introduction of competing products by others\nEffect: it has continued to grow and improve margins\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "74ee2c69"
    },
    {
      "context": "We think Lululemon protects the integrity of its brand by selling only high-quality apparel and it has continued to grow and improve margins despite the introduction of competing products by others.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: selling only high-quality apparel\nEffect: Lululemon protects the integrity of its brand\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "9a07f190"
    },
    {
      "context": "CarMax operates in the cyclical auto industry and the unprecedented shutdowns forced by the coronavirus bring massive uncertainty as to the timing and extent of a recovery in consumer demand for used vehicles.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the unprecedented shutdowns forced by the coronavirus\nEffect: massive uncertainty as to the timing and extent of a recovery in consumer demand for used vehicles\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "e0e74b0a"
    },
    {
      "context": "In times of crises a AAA or AA rating is imperative within reinsurance as a flight to quality for renewals takes hold.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: a flight to quality for renewals takes hold\nEffect: In times of crises a AAA or AA rating is imperative within reinsurance\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "4dc868f3"
    },
    {
      "context": "Coca-Cola Femsa typifies this dynamic through its leading volumes, which allow it to more effectively leverage fixed costs and reduce variable costs per unit through purchasing scale.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: leading volumes\nEffect: more effectively leverage fixed costs\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "fdc759f0"
    },
    {
      "context": "Coca-Cola Femsa typifies this dynamic through its leading volumes, which allow it to more effectively leverage fixed costs and reduce variable costs per unit through purchasing scale.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: purchasing scale\nEffect: reduce variable costs per unit\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "a77ae047"
    },
    {
      "context": "With the well-timed influx of $4.4 billion in additional cash from the sale of Epsilon, $2.4 billion of which was used for debt reduction, we do not foresee any immediate credit issues.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: With the well-timed influx of $4.4 billion in additional cash from the sale of Epsilon, $2.4 billion of which was used for debt reduction\nEffect: do not foresee any immediate credit issues\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "5a06c26e"
    },
    {
      "context": "Brand Intangible Assets:The creation of brand-driven intangible assets could help cannabis companies establish pricing power and generate economic profits.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: The creation of brand-driven intangible assets\nEffect: cannabis companies establish pricing power and generate economic profits\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "45a94dd4"
    },
    {
      "context": "The firm has made improvements in terms of shifting the earnings base toward fees, as now when including hedging, fee-based income makes up nearly 80% of earnings from around 40% in 2010.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: earnings base toward fees\nEffect: fee-based income makes up nearly 80% of earnings from around 40% in 2010\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "66113aad"
    },
    {
      "context": "Although industry global travel gradually improved from mid-April into the fall, the recent resurgence of COVID-19 cases could create a near-term pause in travel demand.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the recent resurgence of COVID-19 cases\nEffect: a near-term pause in travel demand\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "de3cb4c5"
    },
    {
      "context": "A key factor in the historical margin improvement was the divestiture of animal health (to Eli Lilly) and vaccine (to Glaxo) units, which were carrying very low margins and not driving much cash flow for the company.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the divestiture of animal health (to Eli Lilly) and vaccine (to Glaxo) units\nEffect: margin improvement\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "01fbfc6a"
    },
    {
      "context": "However, increased competition has lowered cap rates, and the potential for rising interest rates could squeeze the company's spread and its ability to create value.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: increased competition\nEffect: cap rates\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "efb8064c"
    },
    {
      "context": "However, increased competition has lowered cap rates, and the potential for rising interest rates could squeeze the company's spread and its ability to create value.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: the potential for rising interest rates\nEffect: squeeze the company's spread and its ability to create value\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "e4ac1b33"
    },
    {
      "context": "Although this compares unfavorably with margins commanded by its closest competitors, CMC's profitability is much less susceptible to volatile swings. This is largely because the company also operates metal recycling and steel fabrication operations that fairly consistently exhibit low-single-digit operating margins through the business cycle.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the company also operates metal recycling and steel fabrication operations that fairly consistently exhibit low-single-digit operating margins through the business cycle\nEffect: Although this compares unfavorably with margins commanded by its closest competitors, CMC's profitability is much less susceptible to volatile swings\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "308b425c"
    },
    {
      "context": "AutoNation may further its advantage over smaller dealers with its AutoNation Express initiative, which it started in December 2014.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: its AutoNation Express initiative\nEffect: further its advantage over smaller dealers\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "056f1a0b"
    },
    {
      "context": "Compounding these pressures is the recessionary backdrop that could weaken to the extent unemployment rates surge and additional stimulus fails to materialize, with the prime point of uncertainty being how long this situation persists.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the recessionary backdrop\nEffect: these pressures\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "deed8193"
    },
    {
      "context": "Compounding these pressures is the recessionary backdrop that could weaken to the extent unemployment rates surge and additional stimulus fails to materialize, with the prime point of uncertainty being how long this situation persists.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the recessionary backdrop\nEffect: weaken to the extent unemployment rates surge and additional stimulus fails to materialize\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "00823581"
    },
    {
      "context": "International organic revenue growth has has averaged about 10% annually over the last five years, and we project more than 9% growth on existing towers each of the next five years as well, as data demand in these markets narrows the gap with more developed markets.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: data demand in these markets\nEffect: narrows the gap with more developed markets\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "a4d4777c"
    },
    {
      "context": "We do not believe that this superior profitability comes with substantially higher risks, as BBVA's geographical diversification and its retail and commercial focus offsets some of the risk that comes with BBVA's geographical tilt toward more volatile emerging markets.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: BBVA's geographical diversification and its retail and commercial focus offsets some of the risk that comes with BBVA's geographical tilt toward more volatile emerging markets\nEffect: We do not believe that this superior profitability comes with substantially higher risks\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "00dfef37"
    },
    {
      "context": "Despite a strong market position, Alcon is in turnaround mode following years of underinvestment as a Novartis subsidiary, though the firm is slowly finding its footing as a standalone company.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: underinvestment\nEffect: Alcon is in turnaround mode\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "3dd6b550"
    },
    {
      "context": "Its products employ better efficiency and output for farmers compared to competitors, allowing them to spread costs over the lifetime of equipment (operating leverage as crop yields increase).",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Its products employ better efficiency and output for farmers\nEffect: to spread costs over the lifetime of equipment\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "e6164775"
    },
    {
      "context": "This strategy should persist for the next several years, after which we expect the company to be a net acquirer of real estate as it finds attractive opportunities in its target markets.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: finds attractive opportunities in its target markets\nEffect: the company to be a net acquirer of real estate\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "7a99f076"
    },
    {
      "context": "The strong intangible brand asset led to worldwide Barbie sales rising 29%, Hot Wheels increasing 7%, and American Girl falling just 1%.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: The strong intangible brand asset\nEffect: worldwide Barbie sales rising 29%, Hot Wheels increasing 7%, and American Girl falling just 1%\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "2d58364a"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect fairly consistent results in soybean processing over the long run despite quarterly fluctuations caused by changes in crush margin and capacity utilization.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: changes in crush margin and capacity utilization\nEffect: quarterly fluctuations\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "3045845c"
    },
    {
      "context": "On the bottom line, we expect adjusted earnings per share will rise roughly 14% compounded annually during the next five years, or well above sales growth primarily on margin expansion and share repurchase activities.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: margin expansion and share repurchase activities\nEffect: adjusted earnings per share will rise roughly 14% compounded annually during the next five years, or well above sales growth\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "438a20c1"
    },
    {
      "context": "On the international side, the Chinese parks will likely remain capacity constrained into 2021, resulting in fiscal 2021 revenue 33% below fiscal 2019.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: On the international side, the Chinese parks will likely remain capacity constrained into 2021,\nEffect: resulting in fiscal 2021 revenue 33% below fiscal 2019.\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "7c01e2a3"
    },
    {
      "context": "This suggests that the worst has passed, unless the COVID-19 pandemic takes a dramatic negative turn, and the pandemic could ultimately accelerate the ongoing shift toward electronic payments.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the COVID-19 pandemic\nEffect: the ongoing shift toward electronic payments\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "f7cc5623"
    },
    {
      "context": "Our new fair value estimate implies a slightly higher multiple of 20.5 times our upwardly revised 2021 EPS assumptions of $9.70, which places us at the top end of management's guidance.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Our new fair value estimate implies a slightly higher multiple of 20.5 times our upwardly revised 2021 EPS assumptions of $9.70\nEffect: places us at the top end of management's guidance\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "1e136c6b"
    },
    {
      "context": "We anticipate AMD will sustain its recent momentum of excess returns due to its intangible assets related to chip designs and x86 license.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: its intangible assets related to chip designs and x86 license\nEffect: We anticipate AMD will sustain its recent momentum of excess returns\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "26638a20"
    },
    {
      "context": "In terms of credit costs, we anticipate elevated levels of charge-offs as a result of extended lockdowns, elevated unemployment, and reduced spending on services during the pandemic.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: a result of extended lockdowns, elevated unemployment, and reduced spending on services during the pandemic\nEffect: elevated levels of charge-offs\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "6e7c4e73"
    },
    {
      "context": "In our view, this fundamental reality translates into a formidable set of intangible assets, which in turn lead to solid margins and stellar returns on invested capital (ROICs) in the 30%-40% range.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: In our view, this fundamental reality translates into a formidable set of intangible assets\nEffect: in turn lead to solid margins and stellar returns on invested capital (ROICs) in the 30%-40% range\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "089289d7"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect investments into identified growth areas, such as the midmarket tool-cutting market, to be met with greater competition and thus lower margins than some of Sandvik's high-margin-generating core businesses.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: investments into identified growth areas, such as the midmarket tool-cutting market, to be met with greater competition\nEffect: lower margins than some of Sandvik's high-margin-generating core businesses\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "585a24a0"
    },
    {
      "context": "After accounting for the Finnish acquisitions and operating expense improvements, our forecast 2021 EBITDA (after leases) margin reaches 40% in 2021.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: accounting for the Finnish acquisitions and operating expense improvements\nEffect: ur forecast 2021 EBITDA (after leases) margin reaches 40% in 2021\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "a6a0f51e"
    },
    {
      "context": "We also believe the launch of Direct 360 (a premium coaching offering with live and on-demand content) will help attract a younger audience to the WW ecosystem and drive higher lifetime customer values.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the launch of Direct 360\nEffect: attract a younger audience to the WW ecosystem and drive higher lifetime customer values\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "d77aad8b"
    },
    {
      "context": "A period of low economic growth could coincide with fewer organic growth opportunities for companies, leading them to try growing via acquisition, but this type of M&A activity probably won't be enough to prevent lackluster earnings.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: A period of low economic growth\nEffect: fewer organic growth opportunities for companies\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "8d2ca2a5"
    },
    {
      "context": "A period of low economic growth could coincide with fewer organic growth opportunities for companies, leading them to try growing via acquisition, but this type of M&A activity probably won't be enough to prevent lackluster earnings.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: fewer organic growth opportunities for companies\nEffect: leading them to try growing via acquisition\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "09824725"
    },
    {
      "context": "A period of low economic growth could coincide with fewer organic growth opportunities for companies, leading them to try growing via acquisition, but this type of M&A activity probably won't be enough to prevent lackluster earnings.",
      "question": "2 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: leading them to try growing via acquisition\nEffect: lackluster earnings\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "f254203e"
    },
    {
      "context": "Down time alone can be harmful and expensive, and firms often have to engage in mirroring to mitigate it, which is itself costly.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Down time alone can be harmful and expensive\nEffect: firms often have to engage in mirroring to mitigate it\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "1f4e9d65"
    },
    {
      "context": "Sonoco's expertise in using polystyrene in structural and protective applications should expand market share among original-equipment manufacturers looking to cut weight in order to meet efficiency standards.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Sonoco's expertise\nEffect: expand market share\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "2b03bf26"
    },
    {
      "context": "While they quickly rebounded back to $100/bbl by 2010, they subsequently crashed again in 2014 due to the oversupply from the emergence of light-tight oil in the U.S.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the oversupply from the emergence of light-tight oil in the U.S.\nEffect: they subsequently crashed again in 2014\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "0b1db44a"
    },
    {
      "context": "Tillage equipment used in field preparation can utilize guidance systems to reduce overlap in each machine pass, collect data on field conditions (satellite mapping), and be flexible enough to adjust depth and down pressure maneuvers.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Tillage equipment used in field preparation\nEffect: utilize guidance systems to reduce overlap in each machine pass, collect data on field conditions (satellite mapping), and be flexible enough to adjust depth and down pressure maneuvers\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "ac03d860"
    },
    {
      "context": "We don't believe that the switching cost advantage in commercial HVAC extends to the residential HVAC market because residential replacement costs are low compared with commercial systems.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: residential replacement costs are low compared with commercial systems\nEffect: We don't believe that the switching cost advantage in commercial HVAC extends to the residential HVAC market\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "eb458c84"
    },
    {
      "context": "With the company already in turnaround mode, the coronavirus pandemic will prolong the process, detouring any improvement in execution through the rough roads of margin contraction on negative operating leverage from lower volume.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the company already in turnaround mode\nEffect: the coronavirus pandemic will prolong the process\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "47100e78"
    },
    {
      "context": "With the company already in turnaround mode, the coronavirus pandemic will prolong the process, detouring any improvement in execution through the rough roads of margin contraction on negative operating leverage from lower volume.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: the coronavirus pandemic\nEffect: the company already in turnaround mode\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "02d427cf"
    },
    {
      "context": "With the company already in turnaround mode, the coronavirus pandemic will prolong the process, detouring any improvement in execution through the rough roads of margin contraction on negative operating leverage from lower volume.",
      "question": "2 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the rough roads of margin contraction on negative operating leverage from lower volume\nEffect: detouring any improvement in execution\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "7279ee19"
    },
    {
      "context": "Snap's revenue growth will be driven primarily by growth in the firm's daily active users, or DAUs, user engagement, overall online advertising spending, and an increasing allocation of online ad dollars toward mobile and social network ads.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: growth in the firm's daily active users, or DAUs, user engagement, overall online advertising spending, and an increasing allocation of online ad dollars toward mobile and social network ads\nEffect: Snap's revenue growth\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "ff061bf1"
    },
    {
      "context": "However, over 70% of global phosphate production comes from players that control their own phosphate rock mines, so Mosaic's vertical integration is neither unique nor cost-advantaged.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: over 70% of global phosphate production comes from players that control their own phosphate rock mines\nEffect: so Mosaic's vertical integration is neither unique nor cost-advantaged\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "fa78c3ed"
    },
    {
      "context": "Additionally, lengthy FDA approval processes and the sophistication of the technology are tall barriers Medical Instruments & Suppliesthat deter new market entrants, though both General Electric and Siemens have received FDA approval for 3D systems.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: lengthy FDA approval processes and the sophistication of the technology\nEffect: Medical Instruments & Suppliesthat deter new market entrants\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "bbd532cb"
    },
    {
      "context": "The company's scale has been instrumental in steadily growing quarterly market share (19% in November 2014 to 22.3% in February 2019 and supporting double-digit returns.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: The company's scale\nEffect: instrumental in steadily growing quarterly market share (19% in November 2014 to 22.3% in February 2019 and supporting double-digit returns\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "0c2bc9e7"
    },
    {
      "context": "We anticipate the number of Gap Global stores worldwide will fall to 696 in 2030 from 1,013 at the end of 2020 as sales decline to $3.2 billion from $3.4 billion.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: sales decline to $3.2 billion from $3.4 billion\nEffect: the number of Gap Global stores worldwide will fall to 696 in 2030 from 1,013 at the end of 2020\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "5bc59b31"
    },
    {
      "context": "Since then, Pegasystems' platform has evolved to be a comprehensive no-code application development platform, which has allowed American Express to expand its use of the software for other situations.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Pegasystems' platform has evolved to be a comprehensive no-code application development platform\nEffect: American Express to expand its use of the software for other situations\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "df76948e"
    },
    {
      "context": "Adjusted operating margins rose from 34% in 2013 to 50% in 2019 and we'd attribute the gain to streamlining operations and revenue growth.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: streamlining operations and revenue growth\nEffect: Adjusted operating margins rose from 34% in 2013 to 50% in 2019\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "4d0d6edd"
    },
    {
      "context": "With the consolidation of local station ownership, firms like Sinclair began to sell national advertising as station coverage could allow advertisers to reach a larger daytime audience.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: station coverage could allow advertisers to reach a larger daytime audience\nEffect: firms like Sinclair began to sell national advertising\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "efa842e6"
    },
    {
      "context": "Fee revenue is sensitive to equity market valuations, and as such the equity market rebound is a positive for State Street.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Fee revenue is sensitive to equity market valuations\nEffect: the equity market rebound is a positive for State Street\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "7e62397f"
    },
    {
      "context": "In fiscal 2021, the firm gained or maintained share in all five of its global platforms and its brands continue to command price premiums.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the firm gained or maintained share in all five of its global platforms\nEffect: its brands continue to command price premiums\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "f40f1731"
    },
    {
      "context": "We are confident in gross margin expansion over the next 10 years, as we expect Workday's top line to rely less and less on its low-margin services business--which posted gross margin in fiscal 2020 of negative 9% compared with subscriptions' drastically better 16%.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Workday's top line to rely less and less on its low-margin services business\nEffect: We are confident in gross margin expansion over the next 10 years\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "46c7203c"
    },
    {
      "context": "The North American industrial distribution market is highly fragmented, with the largest players benefiting primarily from scale-driven cost advantages over smaller competitors.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the largest players benefiting primarily from scale-driven cost advantages over smaller competitors\nEffect: The North American industrial distribution market is highly fragmented\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "16ce8d3c"
    },
    {
      "context": "Norwegian can also improve profitability by stringently managing its expenses when sailing resumes, thanks to a young fleet and more cost-efficient ships.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: a young fleet and more cost-efficient ships\nEffect: Norwegian can also improve profitability by stringently managing its expenses when sailing resumes\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "4bd00c7d"
    },
    {
      "context": "For example, the company's Fine Hotels + Resort program offers a hotel booking service on American Express' website and mobile app that gives the company's premium cardholders discounts on hotel rooms and other special benefits, but the service only lists hotels that have agreed to be part of American Express' platform. This creates a network effect as the value for a hotel chain to join the platform is tied to the number of users, while the value provided to the users is tied to the number of hotels on the platform.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the company's Fine Hotels + Resort program offers a hotel booking service on American Express' website and mobile app that gives the company's premium cardholders discounts on hotel rooms and other special benefits, but the service only lists hotels that have agreed to be part of American Express' platform\nEffect: creates a network effect as the value for a hotel chain to join the platform is tied to the number of users, while the value provided to the users is tied to the number of hotels on the platform\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "0a0dbcec"
    },
    {
      "context": "By the end of our 10-year forecast, we expect EBITDA margins will normalize around 18% as competitors introduce similar products into the siding market.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: competitors introduce similar products into the siding market\nEffect: EBITDA margins will normalize around 18%\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "c52f0e92"
    },
    {
      "context": "This means that clinical trials consume a significant portion of what could otherwise be patent-protected profits before generic drugs come to market. As a result, biopharma companies seek to shorten the drug development period as much as possible while maintaining the precision and accuracy necessary for a drug's approval.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: This means that clinical trials consume a significant portion of what could otherwise be patent-protected profits before generic drugs come to market\nEffect: biopharma companies seek to shorten the drug development period as much as possible while maintaining the precision and accuracy necessary for a drug's approval\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "0fc5952a"
    },
    {
      "context": "We would also note that Merck views its research solutions division as a feeder for its more sticky process solutions division, as scientists that train on Merck's products early in their career may be more apt to continue using those tools as their careers progress.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: as scientists that train on Merck's products early in their career may be more apt to continue using those tools as their careers progress.\nEffect: note that Merck views its research solutions division as a feeder for its more sticky process solutions division,\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "417400b2"
    },
    {
      "context": "There are high upfront costs in large-scale device sterilization because the process requires building large, complex sterilization plants. This makes it difficult for competitors to ramp production and gives an advantage to established players that can invest to keep up with growing demand.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: There are high upfront costs in large-scale device sterilization because the process requires building large, complex sterilization plants\nEffect: competitors to ramp production and gives an advantage to established players that can invest to keep up with growing demand\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "a142e3c6"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect wireline revenue growth to steadily accelerate throughout our forecast, to almost 3% by 2025, as continuing declines in voice revenue become less impactful and BCE's fiber-to-the-home, or FTTH, buildout and higher network quality dominate the segment and propel the firm to further share gains.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: continuing declines in voice revenue become less impactful and BCE's fiber-to-the-home, or FTTH, buildout and higher network quality dominate the segment and propel the firm to further share gains\nEffect: wireline revenue growth to steadily accelerate throughout our forecast, to almost 3% by 2025\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "ec036c59"
    },
    {
      "context": "Productivity can be additionally enhanced by using Tier 1 rigs, but the ingredients that make a rig Tier 1 lie in higher-quality equipment, which is widely available to most land drillers.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: using Tier 1 rigs\nEffect: Productivity can be additionally enhanced\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "cd2e5700"
    },
    {
      "context": "The firm's ongoing shift to eco-friendly packaging is worth monitoring--as the transition from plastic to eco-friendly materials will result in modestly higher cost of goods sold.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the transition from plastic to eco-friendly materials will result in modestly higher cost of goods sold\nEffect: The firm's ongoing shift to eco-friendly packaging is worth monitoring\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "4965f3eb"
    },
    {
      "context": "The firm's ongoing shift to eco-friendly packaging is worth monitoring--as the transition from plastic to eco-friendly materials will result in modestly higher cost of goods sold.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the transition from plastic to eco-friendly materials\nEffect: modestly higher cost of goods sold\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "b6d79105"
    },
    {
      "context": "We estimate a significant proportion of Medtronic's products, including the life-saving Class III products, go through the premarket approval pathway. This also acts to largely limit the size of the settlements to the costs of ensuing medical care for affected patients.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: a significant proportion of Medtronic's products, including the life-saving Class III products, go through the premarket approval pathway\nEffect: the size of the settlements to the costs of ensuing medical care for affected patients\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "a0afa3fb"
    },
    {
      "context": "In the event of a revolutionary leap in battery technology, adoption of electric powertrains for heavy vehicles could accelerate rapidly.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: a revolutionary leap in battery technology\nEffect: adoption of electric powertrains for heavy vehicles could accelerate rapidly\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "baf804b2"
    },
    {
      "context": "We see switching costs in the Canadian system being driven by a tightly regulated oligopolistic market structure, which limits excess competition, therefore stabilizing product pricing and giving customers less incentive to switch banks.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: switching costs in the Canadian system being driven by a tightly regulated oligopolistic market structure\nEffect: stabilizing product pricing and giving customers less incentive to switch banks\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "90ca2663"
    },
    {
      "context": "Furthermore, for products such as these with minimal differentiation across brands, consumers base their purchasing decision to a greater extent on price, rather than brand.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: price\nEffect: their purchasing decision\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "bd5022e6"
    },
    {
      "context": "Furthermore, for products such as these with minimal differentiation across brands, consumers base their purchasing decision to a greater extent on price, rather than brand.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: products such as these with minimal differentiation across brands\nEffect: consumers base their purchasing decision to a greater extent on price, rather than brand.\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "9e987cd3"
    },
    {
      "context": "Given that Core Lab has no interest in collecting cores, only in analyzing them, a product like CoreVault could only be positive for Core Lab.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Core Lab has no interest in collecting cores\nEffect: only in analyzing them\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "73495d69"
    },
    {
      "context": "New use cases allow Amphenol to sell new, higher-priced items into an end product alongside its incumbent positions, growing the firm's overall dollar content.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: New use cases\nEffect: Amphenol to sell new, higher-priced items into an end product alongside its incumbent positions\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "b131a72d"
    },
    {
      "context": "New use cases allow Amphenol to sell new, higher-priced items into an end product alongside its incumbent positions, growing the firm's overall dollar content.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Amphenol to sell new, higher-priced items into an end product alongside its incumbent positions\nEffect: growing the firm's overall dollar content\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "ee997ecf"
    },
    {
      "context": "The biggest risk, in our view, is that numerous companies can provide a similar service, which could lead to significant competition.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: numerous companies can provide a similar service\nEffect: significant competition\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "718c3e34"
    },
    {
      "context": "Thus, Echo can usually procure capacity at lower rates than small and midsize shippers could obtain directly with carriers, thereby providing customers with material cost savings.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Echo can usually procure capacity at lower rates than small and midsize shippers could obtain directly with carriers\nEffect: providing customers with material cost savings\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "43af0e1e"
    },
    {
      "context": "Even if regulation never rises to the level of explicit price caps, the threat of this regulation limits pricing power, in our view.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: regulation never rises to the level of explicit price caps\nEffect: the threat of this regulation limits pricing power\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "68e88fbb"
    },
    {
      "context": "We continue to model strong growth for the experiences and dining segment, where we forecast 2021-30 revenue to average 22%, as its benefits from leading content and awareness.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: its benefits from leading content and awareness\nEffect: we forecast 2021-30 revenue to average 22%\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "d8460149"
    },
    {
      "context": "And, Bio-Rad's academic research end market could face headwinds from cuts to academic research budgets due to the ongoing pandemic, as many academic research institutions are facing the prospect of both state budget cuts and revenue shortfalls at academic institutions.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: many academic research institutions are facing the prospect of both state budget cuts and revenue shortfalls at academic institutions\nEffect: Bio-Rad's academic research end market could face headwinds from cuts to academic research budgets due to the ongoing pandemic\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "801deead"
    },
    {
      "context": "Global expansion allows access to a wider profile of consumers and their preferences, leading to better local merchandising and marketing, which could facilitate higher unit sales via supply that matches demand.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: better local merchandising and marketing\nEffect: facilitate higher unit sales via supply that matches demand\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "f59bb270"
    },
    {
      "context": "Global expansion allows access to a wider profile of consumers and their preferences, leading to better local merchandising and marketing, which could facilitate higher unit sales via supply that matches demand.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Global expansion\nEffect: access to a wider profile of consumers and their preferences\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "3a1f154b"
    },
    {
      "context": "Similarly, with the value of IHS Markit's shares linked to S&P Global, the valuation risks that the latter firm faces (outlined in our company report) now also apply to IHS Markit.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the value of IHS Markit's shares linked to S&P Global\nEffect: the valuation risks that the latter firm faces (outlined in our company report) now also apply to IHS Markit\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "f1e91178"
    },
    {
      "context": "Due to the critical nature of Sensata's products, such as tire pressure in cars or flap positioning in commercial aircraft, reliability and lasting safety are paramount.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the critical nature of Sensata's products\nEffect: reliability and lasting safety are paramount\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "8da3c160"
    },
    {
      "context": "While demand for outdoor recreational products has been elevated with social distancing measures as a result of the pandemic, we expect sustained sales growth stemming from market share gains and expansion into whitespace categories. As a result of its success, Malibu should generate competitive returns on invested capital, including goodwill, that average 26% over the next decade.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: While demand for outdoor recreational products has been elevated with social distancing measures as a result of the pandemic, we expect sustained sales growth stemming from market share gains and expansion into whitespace categories\nEffect: Malibu should generate competitive returns on invested capital, including goodwill, that average 26% over the next decade\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "658f6160"
    },
    {
      "context": "We anticipate that marketing-related expenses will gradually increase as a percentage of revenues in the latter years of our forecast, leading to Amex's efficiency ratio remaining largely stuck over time.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: marketing-related expenses will gradually increase as a percentage of revenues in the latter years\nEffect: Amex's efficiency ratio remaining largely stuck over time\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "5a831b35"
    },
    {
      "context": "We rate France's macroeconomic environment as fair, which balances France's history of stability and reasonable debt/GDP ratio with the lack of control over its currency and one of the most inflexible labor markets in Europe.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: balances France's history of stability and reasonable debt/GDP ratio with the lack of control over its currency and one of the most inflexible labor markets in Europe\nEffect: We rate France's macroeconomic environment as fair\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "1a97e7ae"
    },
    {
      "context": "We can envision Revox eventually contributing several hundred million dollars to the top line by taking share from established players, but we also see a potential scenario where the business doesn't grow as expected because of logistical challenges involved with scaling up a sterilization network.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: logistical challenges involved with scaling up a sterilization network\nEffect: the business doesn't grow as expected\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "874afada"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect adjusted operating margins to average near fiscal 2019's prepandemic 13% mark, with expense leverage borne of scale offsetting the ongoing cost pressures.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: expense leverage borne of scale offsetting the ongoing cost pressures\nEffect: adjusted operating margins to average near fiscal 2019's prepandemic 13% mark\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "1e3f849d"
    },
    {
      "context": "We think that QuickBooks exhibits high switching costs given the regularity in bookkeeping and the pain of transferring a business' accounting record as well as learning a new software to record entries.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: learning a new software| the pain of transferring a business' accounting record| the regularity in bookkeeping\nEffect: QuickBooks exhibits high switching costs\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "195835e4"
    },
    {
      "context": "In fact, Coke typically pays for and implements the back-end technology infrastructure, communication, and business process systems many of its bottlers use. Consequently, data related to inventory, promotion responsiveness, merchandising and displays, and the like are flowing through servers and systems owned by Coca-Cola.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Coke typically pays for and implements the back-end technology infrastructure, communication, and business process systems many of its bottlers use\nEffect: data related to inventory, promotion responsiveness, merchandising and displays, and the like are flowing through servers and systems owned by Coca-Cola\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "a88eb7d1"
    },
    {
      "context": "These advantages manifest themselves in the form of lower operating costs, lower credit costs, lower regulatory costs, and lower absolute levels of and better diversification of risks, all of which allow the banks to achieve greater risk-adjusted returns.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: These advantages manifest themselves in the form of lower operating costs, lower credit costs, lower regulatory costs, and lower absolute levels of and better diversification of risks\nEffect: the banks to achieve greater risk-adjusted returns\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "bb3d6115"
    },
    {
      "context": "This inflated capital base combined with our forecasts of sustainably lower oil and gas expenditures compared with the 2010 to 2014 boom means that National Oilwell as a whole is unlikely to generate substantial economic profits moving forward.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: This inflated capital base combined with our forecasts of sustainably lower oil and gas expenditures compared with the 2010 to 2014 boom\nEffect: National Oilwell as a whole is unlikely to generate substantial economic profits moving forward\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "693ee1aa"
    },
    {
      "context": "Additionally, the scale and breadth of its operations allows the company to build out a wider set of data and experience, which we believe improves the value of its services even at the middle-market level.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the scale and breadth of its operations\nEffect: allows the company to build out a wider set of data and experience\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "aa80d99d"
    },
    {
      "context": "Additionally, the scale and breadth of its operations allows the company to build out a wider set of data and experience, which we believe improves the value of its services even at the middle-market level.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: build out a wider set of data and experience\nEffect: improves the value of its services even at the middle-market level\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "bc99ce6a"
    },
    {
      "context": "In 2019, pricing momentum picked up, and this positive trend accelerated in 2020 as the coronavirus appears to have acted as an additional spur to pricing.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: coronavirus appears to have acted as an additional spur to pricing\nEffect: this positive trend accelerated in 2020\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "4e3004b8"
    },
    {
      "context": "By our assessment, MPS' returns on invested capital haven't dipped below 20%--even when its business was barely breaking $100 million in revenue--and have steadily grown with its top line and margin expansion.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: its business was barely breaking $100 million in revenue--and have steadily grown with its top line and margin expansion\nEffect: MPS' returns on invested capital| dipped below 20%\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "47805e07"
    },
    {
      "context": "Given the fragmented nature of the scrap processing industry and the relatively thin margins that Schnitzer and its peers command, it would be very difficult for any scrap company to distinguish itself as a definitive low-cost producer.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the fragmented nature of the scrap processing industry and the relatively thin margins that Schnitzer and its peers command\nEffect: it would be very difficult for any scrap company to distinguish itself as a definitive low-cost producer\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "838380ed"
    },
    {
      "context": "The cash distributions from Enable averaged about $140 million per year the first six years after Enable was formed and contributed to OGE's ability to increase its common dividend from 6% to 11% between 2014 and the first quarter of 2020.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: The cash distributions from Enable averaged about $140 million per year the first six years after Enable was formed\nEffect: increase its common dividend from 6% to 11% between 2014 and the first quarter of 2020\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "78e5d132"
    },
    {
      "context": "As these platforms begin to capture a larger percentage of marketplace activity, a positive feedback loop will allow CoStar to more effectively monetize them.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: these platforms begin to capture a larger percentage of marketplace activity\nEffect: a positive feedback loop will allow CoStar to more effectively monetize them\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "a31204d9"
    },
    {
      "context": "Possibly the pieces of data are not stitched together properly to enable a holistic view as organizations typically deploy siloed approaches among divisions, or various data formats and security protocols preclude a unified data platform.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: organizations typically deploy siloed approaches among divisions, or various data formats and security protocols preclude a unified data platform\nEffect: Possibly the pieces of data are not stitched together properly to enable a holistic view\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "39546285"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect demand to continue recovering in 2021, with revenue rising 11%-12% on easier comparisons, industrial end market improvement, and healthy cross-border refined product shipments.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: revenue rising 11%-12% on easier comparisons, industrial end market improvement, and healthy cross-border refined product shipments\nEffect: demand to continue recovering in 2021\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "bbc72855"
    },
    {
      "context": "To the extent that more cumbersome laws and proposals come to fruition, there could be a nontrivial impact on the firm's business model.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: To the extent that more cumbersome laws and proposals come to fruition\nEffect: a nontrivial impact on the firm's business model\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "65bb1906"
    },
    {
      "context": "Because we believe that price is a key consideration for undifferentiated films used for labels, tapes, or graphics, Avery cannot persistently out-earn its cost of capital on these products.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: that price is a key consideration for undifferentiated films used for labels, tapes, or graphics\nEffect: Avery cannot persistently out-earn its cost of capital on these products\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "664ecf90"
    },
    {
      "context": "Compared with the blast furnaces responsible for approximately 70% of global steel production, EAFs are less labor- and energy-intensive, thereby allowing Nucor to recognize low total costs per unit of steel produced.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: EAFs are less labor- and energy-intensive\nEffect: allowing Nucor to recognize low total costs per unit of steel produced\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "708cca59"
    },
    {
      "context": "Although we project Gran Tierra to generate economic profit in the near term, the combination of intensive capital requirements and the uncertainty associated with future resource potential hampers the company's ability to generate sustainable excess returns on invested capital.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: he combination of intensive capital requirements and the uncertainty associated with future\nEffect: potential hampers the company's ability to generate sustainable excess returns on invested capital\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "3201d12d"
    },
    {
      "context": "On the competition front, China Mobile now has a 4G licence that is more conventional than its 3G licence, which should allow it to compete more effectively.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: has a 4G licence\nEffect: allow it to compete more effectively\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "c445e063"
    },
    {
      "context": "Aerospace, furthermore, also has a large quantity of patents and intellectual property that allows the firm to build its installed base and is an important intangible asset.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: a large quantity of patents and intellectual property\nEffect: the firm to build its installed base\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "8c661675"
    },
    {
      "context": "Further consolidation in the industries in which the company operates, such as healthcare, could give Cognizant less leverage in its margins and make the company more vulnerable if a competitor were to suddenly take major share of a vertical.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: a competitor were to suddenly take major share of a vertical\nEffect: Further consolidation in the industries in which the company operates, such as healthcare, could give Cognizant less leverage in its margins and make the company more vulnerable\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "3c2c1b78"
    },
    {
      "context": "Owing primarily to the company's high reinvestment needs, this multiple is lower than the average exit multiple applied across our steel coverage.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Owing primarily to the company's high reinvestment needs\nEffect: this multiple is lower than the average exit multiple applied across our steel coverage.\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "9a2671c2"
    },
    {
      "context": "In the U.S., metal recycling firms tend to compete regionally because scrap metal has a very low value/weight ratio and is not readily transported by land over long distances in a cost-effective manner.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: scrap metal has a very low value/weight ratio and is not readily transported by land over long distances in a cost-effective manner\nEffect: metal recycling firms tend to compete regionally\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "81e3cc2f"
    },
    {
      "context": "In the more sedate demand environment, incremental capacity can be added for very low capital costs through incremental expansions and efficiencies, including innovative technology such as automated haulage.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: incremental expansions and efficiencies\nEffect: including innovative technology such as automated haulage| incremental capacity can be added for very low capital costs\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "7f45a272"
    },
    {
      "context": "Realty Income has increased the average quality of its portfolio by leasing to more investment-grade tenants, increasing the EBITDAR/rent coverage ratio, and diversifying across more defensive industries.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: leasing to more investment-grade tenants, increasing the EBITDAR/rent coverage ratio, and diversifying across more defensive industries\nEffect: Realty Income has increased the average quality of its portfolio\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "96790148"
    },
    {
      "context": "However, there have been some benefits as low interest rates have boosted mortgage volume and unemployment claims have boosted workforce solutions.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: low interest rates\nEffect: boosted mortgage volume\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "58cb2774"
    },
    {
      "context": "However, there have been some benefits as low interest rates have boosted mortgage volume and unemployment claims have boosted workforce solutions.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: unemployment claims\nEffect: boosted workforce solutions\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "36938325"
    },
    {
      "context": "While reimbursement pressure could arise in the U.S., we see medium uncertainty around DaVita's ongoing cash flows given the essential nature of its services and its strong competitive position in the U.S.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the essential nature of its services and its strong competitive position in the U.S.\nEffect: medium uncertainty around DaVita's ongoing cash flows\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "c4c01355"
    },
    {
      "context": "At the end of 2020, Schwab supported over $6.5 trillion of client assets, making it one of the largest U.S.-based companies focused on securities trading and wealth management.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Schwab supported over $6.5 trillion of client assets\nEffect: it one of the largest U.S.-based companies focused on securities trading and wealth management\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "096d8a31"
    },
    {
      "context": "The domino effect that took hold of this economy stretched into ''collateralized'' mortgage instruments and as subprime mortgage owners were unable to make their payments.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: subprime mortgage owners were unable to make their payments\nEffect: The domino effect that took hold of this economy stretched into ''collateralized'' mortgage instruments\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "56258899"
    },
    {
      "context": "Aptar is also investing to meet potential future need for dispensing technologies related to novel mRNA drug products, a trend accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: COVID-19 pandemic\nEffect: Aptar is also investing to meet potential future need for dispensing technologies related to novel mRNA drug products| a trend accelerated\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "de3a1ed7"
    },
    {
      "context": "Additionally, RH's demand is largely tied to the performance of the domestic home improvement market and consumer confidence, which tend to fluctuate over an economic cycle, driving significant volatility in sales.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: performance of the domestic home improvement market and consumer confidence\nEffect: RH's demand\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "1adcae01"
    },
    {
      "context": "Additionally, RH's demand is largely tied to the performance of the domestic home improvement market and consumer confidence, which tend to fluctuate over an economic cycle, driving significant volatility in sales.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: RH's demand is largely tied to the performance of the domestic home improvement market and consumer confidence\nEffect: fluctuate over an economic cycle, driving significant volatility in sales\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "32f427e2"
    },
    {
      "context": "We feel this is appropriate given the strong premiumization trends in beer, which should add a percentage point to the industry's secular growth rate.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the strong premiumization trends in beer\nEffect: add a percentage point to the industry's secular growth rate\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "f368a686"
    },
    {
      "context": "We see strong subscription growth partially offset by declining revenue in the product and license and support and services segments.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: declining revenue in the product and license and support and services segments\nEffect: strong subscription growth\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "a598d850"
    },
    {
      "context": "With more usage, more data about users' behavioral interests is gathered, analyzed, and applied to rank ads more accurately based on their relevance and click-through-rate probability.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: more usage, more data about users' behavioral interests is gathered, analyzed, and applied\nEffect: rank ads more accurately based on their relevance and click-through-rate probability\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "f37ab0b3"
    },
    {
      "context": "That said, coal runs in unit trains hauling exclusively coal (often using customers' cars), thus we think the rail can continue to adjust its train and crew starts to match demand conditions.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: coal runs in unit trains hauling exclusively coal (often using customers' cars)\nEffect: the rail can continue to adjust its train and crew starts to match demand conditions\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "7d7b28ff"
    },
    {
      "context": "This is due to the decline in raw material prices, coupled with the overcapacity issues in the steel industry, resulting in a lack of pricing power for steel producers.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the decline in raw material prices\nEffect: a lack of pricing power for steel producers\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "ffa60185"
    },
    {
      "context": "This is due to the decline in raw material prices, coupled with the overcapacity issues in the steel industry, resulting in a lack of pricing power for steel producers.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the overcapacity issues in the steel industry\nEffect: a lack of pricing power for steel producers\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "84627b7e"
    },
    {
      "context": "We assign the bank a high uncertainty rating, which we believe captures the spread between our bull and bear cases.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: we believe captures the spread between our bull and bear cases\nEffect: We assign the bank a high uncertainty rating\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "b4b17a36"
    },
    {
      "context": "New York City has averaged 5% supply growth since 2013, and that trend should continue for at least two more years as the city continues to approve midblock upscale and midscale hotels in the most desired submarkets. This has kept New York City's revPAR growth below the national average over this time frame, and Host's Manhattan portfolio saw negative revPAR growth in 2015, 2016, and 2017 as a result of high supply.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: New York City has averaged 5% supply growth since 2013, and that trend should continue for at least two more years as the city continues to approve midblock upscale and midscale hotels in the most desired submarkets\nEffect: kept New York City's revPAR growth below the national average over this time frame, and Host's Manhattan portfolio saw negative revPAR growth in 2015, 2016, and 2017 as a result of high supply\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "60947807"
    },
    {
      "context": "Since the crisis, much has changed, and management has made improvements to the underwriting process, and generally improved the bank's risk management.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: management has made improvements to the underwriting process\nEffect: generally improved the bank's risk management\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "85491aee"
    },
    {
      "context": "Patterson's operations in this space are subject to a number of federal and state regulatory actions aiming to curb the potentially negative outcomes typically associated with the practice, which increase the cost of providing services.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: curb the potentially negative outcomes typically associated with the practice\nEffect: increase the cost of providing services\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "dcdf4cf7"
    },
    {
      "context": "Bell is competing against a joint venture between Lockheed Martin and Boeing for this contract, and we don't anticipate Bell winning this contract due to subscale production capabilities relative to Lockheed and Boeing.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: subscale production capabilities relative to Lockheed and Boeing\nEffect: Bell winning this contract\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "5d6915d0"
    },
    {
      "context": "The bankruptcy of the firm's largest franchisee, NPC International, also points to deteriorating unit economics, as Pizza Hut represented 75% of the firm's restaurant portfolio.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Pizza Hut represented 75% of the firm's restaurant portfolio\nEffect: The bankruptcy of the firm's largest franchisee\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "aca7bcf8"
    },
    {
      "context": "Total holds a high uncertainty rating based on the outcome of our scenario analysis and evaluation of its ESG risks.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the outcome of our scenario analysis and evaluation of its ESG risks\nEffect: otal holds a high uncertainty rating\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "a7b6a03f"
    },
    {
      "context": "The commodity products that Bunge moves around the world are readily available from competitors, and the company has little pricing power over the products it buys and sells, making for razor-thin margins.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: The commodity products that Bunge moves around the world are readily available from competitors\nEffect: razor-thin margins\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "32a56d0f"
    },
    {
      "context": "The commodity products that Bunge moves around the world are readily available from competitors, and the company has little pricing power over the products it buys and sells, making for razor-thin margins.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the company has little pricing power over the products it buys and sells\nEffect: razor-thin margins\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "7b3021e5"
    },
    {
      "context": "Over the nearly two years since the expiration, peers have started to realize traction for competing products and competition continues to intensify, further deteriorating the company's market leadership.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: traction for competing products and competition continues to intensify\nEffect: company's market leadership\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "07a6bc7a"
    },
    {
      "context": "Airlines have a long history of irrational competition, due to low entry barriers, high exit barriers, and a price-sensitive customer.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: a price-sensitive customer| high exit barriers| low entry barriers\nEffect: Airlines have a long history of irrational competition\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "3f76cdde"
    },
    {
      "context": "Approximately three drillers currently operate in the Gulf of Mexico, so natural buyers in the space are difficult to pinpoint.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Approximately three drillers currently operate in the Gulf of Mexico\nEffect: natural buyers in the space are difficult to pinpoint\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "934492c9"
    },
    {
      "context": "On the back of online dating becoming mainstream, the number of Internet and mobile device users increasing globally, and the growth of the singles population worldwide, Match Group with its portfolio of online dating brands has become the leader in this space.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: online dating becoming mainstream, the number of Internet and mobile device users increasing globally, and the growth of the singles population worldwide\nEffect: Match Group with its portfolio of online dating brands has become the leader in this space\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "692bbd50"
    },
    {
      "context": "Zebra has an end-to-end portfolio of specialized AIDC solutions that enables it to achieve a wide footprint within its customers.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Zebra has an end-to-end portfolio of specialized AIDC solutions\nEffect: it to achieve a wide footprint within its customers\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "8aaac0fb"
    },
    {
      "context": "But as these risks are well managed by the firm, with no material outstanding controversies, we do not expect any meaningful impacts to the firm's valuation.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: these risks are well managed by the firm, with no material outstanding controversies\nEffect: not expect any meaningful impacts to the firm's valuation\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "dd48c8d1"
    },
    {
      "context": "However, we believe the use of research models will remain an integral part of the drug development process, as alternatives such as in vitro (test tubes) and in silico (computer simulation) testing do not fully replicate the in vivo dynamics.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: However, we believe the use of research models will remain an integral part of the drug development process\nEffect: as alternatives such as in vitro (test tubes) and in silico (computer simulation) testing do not fully replicate the in vivo dynamics\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "cb4ebd7d"
    },
    {
      "context": "We also expect previous and ongoing PSR initiatives to drive the rail's OR down to 61% in 2021 (slightly better than guidance), with further gains to 59%-59.5% in 2022.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: previous and ongoing PSR initiatives\nEffect: the rail's OR down to 61% in 2021 (slightly better than guidance), with further gains to 59%-59.5% in 2022\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "af8efad4"
    },
    {
      "context": "Biosimilar competition is a looming threat, but we think the significant manufacturing and development costs that biosimilar makers are expected to incur would slow any erosion of sales of these products, limiting the number of contenders and their ability to compete on price.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the significant manufacturing and development costs that biosimilar makers are expected to incur\nEffect: slow any erosion of sales of these products\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "2c8dc0e6"
    },
    {
      "context": "Biosimilar competition is a looming threat, but we think the significant manufacturing and development costs that biosimilar makers are expected to incur would slow any erosion of sales of these products, limiting the number of contenders and their ability to compete on price.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: the significant manufacturing and development costs that biosimilar makers are expected to incur\nEffect: the number of contenders and their ability to compete on price\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "e6d6af02"
    },
    {
      "context": "Existing products face annual price deflation of 2% to 3% which has been one of the factors giving rise to the declining trend in ResMed's ROIC; however, ROIC remains well above WACC.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Existing products face annual price deflation of 2% to 3%\nEffect: giving rise to the declining trend in ResMed's ROIC\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "7c55445e"
    },
    {
      "context": "However, relative to the company's size, J&J needs to increase the number of meaningful drugs in late-stage development to support long-term growth.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: relative to the company's size, J&J needs to increase the number of meaningful drugs in late-stage development\nEffect: to support long-term growth\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "9a23a511"
    },
    {
      "context": "Solid investment performance and a reputation as a specialist in real estate investment trusts have made Cohen & Steers a go-to firm for investors looking for real estate exposure.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Solid investment performance and a reputation as a specialist in real estate investment trusts\nEffect: have made Cohen & Steers a go-to firm for investors looking for real estate exposure\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "a04e5d20"
    },
    {
      "context": "Even under the same roof, mass production possibilities are limited, as many craft offerings boast some unique element to their brewing or fermentation processes that is not transferrable across products.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: many craft offerings boast some unique element to their brewing or fermentation processes that is not transferrable across products\nEffect: mass production possibilities are limited\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "06630795"
    },
    {
      "context": "In a rising interest rates environment, consumers could be less willing to finance their vehicle purchases, resulting in shrinking demand for ATVs.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: a rising interest rates environment\nEffect: demand for ATVs\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "e44298f6"
    },
    {
      "context": "For one, McCormick has focused its constrained manufacturing assets on its fastest-turning items to meet heightened demand, which we think is a prudent way to support its retail relationships.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: McCormick has focused its constrained manufacturing assets on its fastest-turning items\nEffect: to meet heightened demand\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "f994158b"
    },
    {
      "context": "Further, the company's enormous cash flows support a powerful salesforce that not only sells currently marketed drugs, but also serves as a deterrent for developing drug companies seeking to launch competing products.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the company's enormous cash flows support a powerful salesforce\nEffect: not only sells currently marketed drugs, but also serves as a deterrent for developing drug companies seeking to launch competing products\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "4ac648b4"
    },
    {
      "context": "We project annual sales increases of 12% during the next five years as a result of new drug launches offsetting patent losses.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: new drug launches\nEffect: annual sales increases of 12% during the next five years\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "15310f0d"
    },
    {
      "context": "The company's new online advisory platform will also benefit from its low cost and client reach, which will enable Schwab to be more profitable than existing players and leapfrog them in assets.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: The company's new online advisory platform will also benefit from its low cost and client reach\nEffect: Schwab to be more profitable than existing players and leapfrog them in assets\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "4cd6acf0"
    },
    {
      "context": "Due to the sale of most of its brake control business as well as coronavirus-induced industrywide factory closures, 2020 revenue declined 28%, but we forecast a 30% rebound in 2021 as backlog starts to ramp-up, with a return to normalized light vehicle demand in 2023.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: backlog starts to ramp-up, with a return to normalized light vehicle demand in 2023\nEffect: a 30% rebound in 2021\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "ebff47b1"
    },
    {
      "context": "Due to the sale of most of its brake control business as well as coronavirus-induced industrywide factory closures, 2020 revenue declined 28%, but we forecast a 30% rebound in 2021 as backlog starts to ramp-up, with a return to normalized light vehicle demand in 2023.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the sale of most of its brake control business\nEffect: 2020 revenue declined 28%\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "4a90fb9e"
    },
    {
      "context": "Due to the sale of most of its brake control business as well as coronavirus-induced industrywide factory closures, 2020 revenue declined 28%, but we forecast a 30% rebound in 2021 as backlog starts to ramp-up, with a return to normalized light vehicle demand in 2023.",
      "question": "2 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: coronavirus-induced industrywide factory closures\nEffect: 2020 revenue declined 28%\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "27372750"
    },
    {
      "context": "Due to the sale of most of its brake control business as well as coronavirus-induced industrywide factory closures, 2020 revenue declined 28%, but we forecast a 30% rebound in 2021 as backlog starts to ramp-up, with a return to normalized light vehicle demand in 2023.",
      "question": "3 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: a return to normalized light vehicle demand in 2023\nEffect: backlog starts to ramp-up\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "f7711772"
    },
    {
      "context": "It appears to us that in recent years, Bradesco has been able to increase fees on credit cards, checking accounts, and insurance without any real obstacles as a result of a strong economy, amiable regulators, and its sticky deposit base.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: a strong economy, amiable regulators, and its sticky deposit base.\nEffect: increase fees on credit cards, checking accounts, and insurance\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "7af36881"
    },
    {
      "context": "We do not forecast its gross margins will return to peak levels of more than 49% until the end of the decade as we think its competitive position has weakened.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: its competitive position has weakened\nEffect: its gross margins will return to peak levels of more than 49% until the end of the decade\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "9d83afcc"
    },
    {
      "context": "With most of its assets located in midtown Manhattan, SL Green benefits disproportionately from the ever-increasing demand for centrally located real estate from companies that employ global tech and financial talent.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: With most of its assets located in midtown Manhattan\nEffect: SL Green benefits disproportionately from the ever-increasing demand for centrally located real estate from companies that employ global tech and financial talent\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "8e1557b9"
    },
    {
      "context": "That said, as a result of its thought leadership and strong portfolio, the company enjoys strong customer retention in the low to mid-90% area, which we do not expect to change.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: thought leadership and strong portfolio\nEffect: the company enjoys strong customer retention\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "3f78f2f6"
    },
    {
      "context": "It's unlikely that interest rates return to pre-financial-crisis levels and thus we expect Prudential to continue to face this headwind for the foreseeable future.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: It's unlikely that interest rates return to pre-financial-crisis levels\nEffect: we expect Prudential to continue to face this headwind for the foreseeable future.\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "ffd7efb3"
    },
    {
      "context": "The company is in the midst of an expansion initiative on the retail and commercial side, aiming to expand its geographic footprint as well as its digital presence in key locations all over the United States.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: expand its geographic footprint as well as its digital presence in key locations all over the United States\nEffect: The company is in the midst of an expansion initiative on the retail and commercial side\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "d15a1690"
    },
    {
      "context": "All else equal, we are less confident in outsize economic profits from chipmakers that serve the handset and PC industries, given the shorter product life cycles, intense competition, and customer concentration as a handful of tech titans exert tremendous buying power.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the shorter product life cycles, intense competition, and customer concentration as a handful of tech titans exert tremendous buying power\nEffect: All else equal, we are less confident in outsize economic profits from chipmakers that serve the handset and PC industries\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "43df9f75"
    },
    {
      "context": "Since even slightly differentiated technical features can cause an end user to prefer one tool over another similar tool for specific applications in Danaher's precise scientific end markets, we see intangible assets around its differentiated technology.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: even slightly differentiated technical features can cause an end user to prefer one tool over another similar tool for specific applications in Danaher's precise scientific end markets\nEffect: intangible assets around its differentiated technology\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "a0fcf357"
    },
    {
      "context": "These tests receive regulatory approval during the system approval process, and switching costs can be high, because customers are unlikely to reopen a regulatory file simply to get a different control approved.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: customers are unlikely to reopen a regulatory file simply to get a different control approved\nEffect: These tests receive regulatory approval during the system approval process, and switching costs can be high\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "12d51c6e"
    },
    {
      "context": "Recurring revenue now makes up roughly 50% of Nasdaq total revenue and will likely continue to increase, as the company's acquisition of Verafin and its sale of its fixed-income trading business to Tradeweb continues to push the firm toward its end goal of being a diversified technology company. This should increase the stability of Nasdaq's earnings and lead the company to having a lower risk profile than it once did.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Recurring revenue now makes up roughly 50% of Nasdaq total revenue and will likely continue to increase, as the company's acquisition of Verafin and its sale of its fixed-income trading business to Tradeweb continues to push the firm toward its end goal of being a diversified technology company\nEffect: increase the stability of Nasdaq's earnings and lead the company to having a lower risk profile than it once did\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "31bfef67"
    },
    {
      "context": "Givlaari for acute hepatic porphyria also looks promising given that AHP is a rare indication with high unmet need.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: AHP is a rare indication with high unmet need\nEffect: Givlaari for acute hepatic porphyria also looks promising\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "4e032096"
    },
    {
      "context": "However, some states and municipalities, including New York, have sought to limit retail natural gas use to reduce reliance on fossil fuels.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: some states and municipalities, including New York, have sought to limit retail natural gas use\nEffect: reduce reliance on fossil fuels\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "52100a72"
    },
    {
      "context": "Investment in the treasure hunt should keep post-pandemic traffic strong, and we are not concerned about cannibalization as rivals Ross and TJX grow, considering customers' willingness to shop multiple off-price stores.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: considering customers' willingness to shop multiple off-price stores\nEffect: Investment in the treasure hunt should keep post-pandemic traffic strong, and we are not concerned about cannibalization as rivals Ross and TJX grow\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "b6648eac"
    },
    {
      "context": "Valuations in the company's target markets currently appear somewhat rich to us, too, which could constrain its returns going forward if its M&amp;A activities continue unabated.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Valuations in the company's target markets currently appear somewhat rich\nEffect: constrain its returns going forward if its M&amp\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "330e8878"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect a rebalancing of China's economy from investment to household consumption will mean weaker demand growth for investment-oriented commodities and lower prices than Teck has enjoyed in the past.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: rebalancing of China's economy from investment to household consumption\nEffect: weaker demand growth for investment-oriented commodities and lower prices than Teck has enjoyed in the past\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "69ab4840"
    },
    {
      "context": "The exhaust system must be engineered in such a way that back pressure and airflow are maximized for optimum fuel efficiency and engine performance.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: back pressure and airflow are maximized for optimum fuel efficiency and engine performance\nEffect: The exhaust system must be engineered in such a way\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "333f694d"
    },
    {
      "context": "That said, Post's cereal business reports attractive margins, and we applaud the firm's efforts to further maximize profitability by right-sizing the business for the more modest opportunity.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the firm's efforts to further maximize profitability\nEffect: right-sizing the business for the more modest opportunity\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "3d06214a"
    },
    {
      "context": "Hubbell's large suite of products allows it to generate ample volumes that lead to cost efficiencies in key portions of its supply chain.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: generate ample volumes\nEffect: cost efficiencies in key portions of its supply chain\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "f146c6da"
    },
    {
      "context": "The best models will have consistent and uniform genetic makeup, which requires generations of systematic inbreeding as well as regular backcrossing with the original genetic source to prevent genetic shifts over time.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: The best models will have consistent and uniform genetic makeup, which requires generations of systematic inbreeding as well as regular backcrossing with the original genetic source\nEffect: to prevent genetic shifts over time\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "72f37a1c"
    },
    {
      "context": "Gaming should continue to be a major source of revenue, though we think recent growth rates will be difficult to replicate due to saturation and lengthening replacement cycles of gaming GPUs, greater competition, and softer cryptocurrency mining-related GPU sales.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: saturation and lengthening replacement cycles of gaming GPUs, greater competition, and softer cryptocurrency mining-related GPU sales\nEffect: recent growth rates will be difficult to replicate\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "36bbc2de"
    },
    {
      "context": "However, we think economic shocks or housing slowdowns will induce a higher degree of price competition as coatings companies fight for volume, leading to narrower margins over a full cycle.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: coatings companies fight for volume\nEffect: narrower margins over a full cycle\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "dbca633d"
    },
    {
      "context": "However, we think economic shocks or housing slowdowns will induce a higher degree of price competition as coatings companies fight for volume, leading to narrower margins over a full cycle.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: coatings companies fight for volume| narrower margins over a full cycle\nEffect: economic shocks or housing slowdowns will induce a higher degree of price competition\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "cb08157e"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe the greatest risk is that the industry evolves into a fragmented series of sub-categories, limiting the previous benefits of scale and making it difficult to replicate margins of the lucrative cigarette business.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the industry evolves into a fragmented series of sub-categories\nEffect: limiting the previous benefits of scale and making it difficult to replicate margins of the lucrative cigarette business\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "6569b3e4"
    },
    {
      "context": "As RedCard credit and debit sales account for less than one fourth of Target's total and Target Circle only launched in 2019, we believe it does not enjoy the same level of advantage as other sellers with greater insight.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: RedCard credit and debit sales account for less than one fourth of Target's total and Target Circle only launched in 2019\nEffect: it does not enjoy the same level of advantage as other sellers with greater insight\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "3f7db80c"
    },
    {
      "context": "With its attractive acreage in the Permian Basin, Pioneer Natural Resources holds an enviable cost position in the upstream oil and gas universe.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: its attractive acreage in the Permian Basin\nEffect: Pioneer Natural Resources holds an enviable cost position in the upstream oil and gas universe\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "0978c3ee"
    },
    {
      "context": "Qorvo generated 5% revenue growth in fiscal 2020, thanks to the start of 5G RF adoption, offset by headwinds due to lost business within Huawei's base station business due to the U.S.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the start of 5G RF adoption\nEffect: Qorvo generated 5% revenue growth in fiscal 2020\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "76cd7e91"
    },
    {
      "context": "Qorvo generated 5% revenue growth in fiscal 2020, thanks to the start of 5G RF adoption, offset by headwinds due to lost business within Huawei's base station business due to the U.S.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: lost business within Huawei's base station business due to the U.S\nEffect: offset by headwinds\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "5b62bd56"
    },
    {
      "context": "Rio Tinto has an outsize exposure to iron ore mining, and the flattening of the industry cost curve drives higher operating leverage.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the flattening of the industry cost curve\nEffect: higher operating leverage\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "1e58067d"
    },
    {
      "context": "While we're optimistic about Alibaba's ability to become a preferred partner for international retailers and consumer brands looking to sell in China, the firm does not enjoy the same network effect and brand recognition in other countries, and it may face challenges directly expanding in these markets.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: firm does not enjoy the same network effect and brand recognition in other countries\nEffect: it may face challenges directly expanding in these markets\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "caf338df"
    },
    {
      "context": "While we forecast low-single-digit revenue growth in this segment, we think operating margins will contract as favorable linerboard economics have attracted increased competition and additional supply.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: favorable linerboard economics have attracted increased competition and additional supply\nEffect: operating margins will contract\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "94aba764"
    },
    {
      "context": "Considering the relatively discretionary nature of insulin pumps, Insulet remains vulnerable to economic downturns when consumers tighten their financial belts and stick with multiple daily injections.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: consumers tighten their financial belts and stick with multiple daily injections\nEffect: Insulet remains vulnerable to economic downturns\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "341d276b"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect a sharp drop in EBITDA in 2021 primarily due to the impact of the winter storm in February.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the impact of the winter storm in February\nEffect: a sharp drop in EBITDA in 2021 primarily\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "73827d55"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect adjusted operating margins to remain around the 30% range over the next five years as payments (which should accelerate as eBay's operating agreement with PayPal has expired) and operating leverage offset other experience investments.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: payments (which should accelerate as eBay's operating agreement with PayPal has expired) and operating leverage offset other experience investments\nEffect: We expect adjusted operating margins to remain around the 30% range over the next five years\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "2812f6ff"
    },
    {
      "context": "While this change has not hurt RELX thus far, it is an example of how easily business models can change, and when you operate a division that generates operating margins of around 37%, there is always a danger that the next change of model may come at your expense.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: you operate a division that generates operating margins of around 37%\nEffect: the next change of model may come at your expense\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "3824fc8a"
    },
    {
      "context": "Operating in offshore environments exposes Total to the risk of large oil spills that could result in material losses through lost revenue, fines or penalties, or loss of license to operate.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Operating in offshore environments\nEffect: the risk of large oil spills\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "fa978e62"
    },
    {
      "context": "Operating in offshore environments exposes Total to the risk of large oil spills that could result in material losses through lost revenue, fines or penalties, or loss of license to operate.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the risk of large oil spills\nEffect: material losses through lost revenue, fines or penalties, or loss of license to operate\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "685e7a62"
    },
    {
      "context": "Capital expenditures will be less of a barrier to positive cash flow, as Tilray plans to purchase cannabis from third-party cultivators rather than expand its facilities in the long run.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Tilray plans to purchase cannabis from third-party cultivators rather than expand its facilities in the long run\nEffect: Capital expenditures will be less of a barrier to positive cash flow\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "5672d734"
    },
    {
      "context": "M&T derives about two thirds of its income from net interest income, and with the bank's cheaper deposit base, it is more sensitive to movements in interest rates.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: with the bank's cheaper deposit base, it is more sensitive to movements in interest rates\nEffect: M&T derives about two thirds of its income from net interest income\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "145b8bb9"
    },
    {
      "context": "Ultimately, we believe the value offered by its solutions and partnerships with the likes of Sensia and PTC, combined with inorganic opportunities, should allow the firm to remain a top player in the growing automation industry.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: its solutions and partnerships\nEffect: allow the firm to remain a top player in the growing automation industry\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "379bf6d8"
    },
    {
      "context": "We view Tenneco's diverse, well-established, long-term, highly integrated customer relations supplying hundreds of vehicle programs as providing an invaluable barrier to entry, substantially hindering competitors' encroachment on the company's top market share positions.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: Tenneco's diverse, well-established, long-term, highly integrated customer relations supplying hundreds of vehicle programs as providing an invaluable barrier to entry\nEffect: substantially hindering competitors' encroachment on the company's top market share positions\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "2adc7d68"
    },
    {
      "context": "The position it forged as a trusted supplier through strong relationships with governments allow it, and other large incumbents, to identify emerging trends and opportunities in the defense market. This insight affords the firm the ability to fund early stage research into next-generation technologies that is further developed with customer funding.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: The position it forged as a trusted supplier through strong relationships with governments allow it, and other large incumbents, to identify emerging trends and opportunities in the defense market\nEffect: affords the firm the ability to fund early stage research into next-generation technologies that is further developed with customer funding\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "310efcbb"
    },
    {
      "context": "We contend that the chain's rapidly changing product assortment encourages repeat customer visits while reducing the risk of potential fashion trend- or weather-related missteps (as the assortment quickly turns over and Burlington buys inventory year-round).",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the chain's rapidly changing product assortment\nEffect: encourages repeat customer visits while reducing the risk of potential fashion trend- or weather-related missteps\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "ace9939c"
    },
    {
      "context": "We contend that the chain's rapidly changing product assortment encourages repeat customer visits while reducing the risk of potential fashion trend- or weather-related missteps (as the assortment quickly turns over and Burlington buys inventory year-round).",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the assortment quickly turns over and Burlington buys inventory year-round\nEffect: reducing the risk of potential fashion trend- or weather-related missteps\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "5c2499c2"
    },
    {
      "context": "The commitment to better merchandising and an efficient supply chain has led the firm to achieve operating margins and adjusted returns on invested capital, excluding goodwill, of 14.4% and 34%, respectively, in 2019.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: The commitment to better merchandising and an efficient supply chain\nEffect: achieve operating margins and adjusted returns on invested capital, excluding goodwill, of 14.4% and 34%, respectively, in 2019\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "810e1e5f"
    },
    {
      "context": "With appeal to a wide variety of consumers, we anticipate the concept should translate well to new markets as the chain grows toward its 2,500-unit target (from 900 at the end of fiscal 2019).",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: appeal to a wide variety of consumers\nEffect: the chain grows toward its 2,500-unit target\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "7f225d7f"
    },
    {
      "context": "With appeal to a wide variety of consumers, we anticipate the concept should translate well to new markets as the chain grows toward its 2,500-unit target (from 900 at the end of fiscal 2019).",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the chain grows toward its 2,500-unit target\nEffect: the concept should translate well to new markets\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "3cb341f7"
    },
    {
      "context": "InterContinental's unit growth is lowered by the company's focus on brand quality, which leads to annual closures of 2%-3% of its existing rooms.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: InterContinental's unit growth is lowered by the company's focus on brand quality\nEffect: annual closures of 2%-3% of its existing rooms\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "2188d290"
    },
    {
      "context": "Intermodal was already grappling with heavy competition from the trucking sector over the past year, and that has worsened on the back of persistently low truckload rates thus far in 2020.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: on the back of persistently low truckload rates thus far in 2020\nEffect: has worsened\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "02af6d19"
    },
    {
      "context": "Even after the improvement in operations since emerging from bankruptcy in 2009, high feed costs led to an operating loss in 2011, with the company reporting an adjusted operating margin of negative 4.6%. As such, while we forecast an average of 12% ROICs on average annually over the next five years, the actual results reported will probably be more volatile.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Even after the improvement in operations since emerging from bankruptcy in 2009, high feed costs led to an operating loss in 2011, with the company reporting an adjusted operating margin of negative 4.6%\nEffect: while we forecast an average of 12% ROICs on average annually over the next five years, the actual results reported will probably be more volatile\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "e3537073"
    },
    {
      "context": "As with most exploration and production firms, a deteriorating outlook for oil and natural gas prices would pressure Hess' profitability, reduce cash flows, and drive up financial leverage.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: a deteriorating outlook for oil and natural gas prices\nEffect: pressure Hess' profitability, reduce cash flows, and drive up financial leverage\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "25e6c443"
    },
    {
      "context": "Rituxan remains the standard of care in several forms of hematological cancer, but Gazyva's superior data in leukemia and certain forms of lymphoma, as well as potential in lupus, should help counter this threat to the profit share.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: certain forms of lymphoma| potential in lupus| superior data in leukemia\nEffect: help counter this threat to the profit share\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "d7b8fa0b"
    },
    {
      "context": "Lowe's profitability has already begun to benefit from institutionalized processes that were previously inefficient, including labor management, reset efforts, and inventory controls, helping squeeze additional operating margin expansion out of the business ahead.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: institutionalized processes that were previously inefficient\nEffect: squeeze additional operating margin expansion out of the business ahead.\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "b6a36e6e"
    },
    {
      "context": "The more Aptiv adds business based on algorithmic technology, the less capital-intense the company can become. Consequently, we expect Aptiv's operating leverage to slowly but steadily become less dependent on volume and operating leverage, relative to other auto parts suppliers whose products do not depend on software development.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: The more Aptiv adds business based on algorithmic technology, the less capital-intense the company can become\nEffect: Aptiv's operating leverage to slowly but steadily become less dependent on volume and operating leverage, relative to other auto parts suppliers whose products do not depend on software development\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "aaf3e569"
    },
    {
      "context": "Fourth, Mattel remains exposed to input costs like resins, which are difficult to predict and hard to hedge and can affect gross margin.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: difficult to predict and hard to hedge and can affect gross margin\nEffect: Mattel remains exposed to input costs like resins\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "0736c3fe"
    },
    {
      "context": "The firm could also see lower costs from an improved supply chain and distribution network (as a result of direct sourcing and furniture delivery operations) as well as higher productivity of its store fleet (as underperforming locations close).",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: direct sourcing and furniture delivery operations\nEffect: an improved supply chain and distribution network\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "7b1a854d"
    },
    {
      "context": "The firm could also see lower costs from an improved supply chain and distribution network (as a result of direct sourcing and furniture delivery operations) as well as higher productivity of its store fleet (as underperforming locations close).",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: underperforming locations close\nEffect: higher productivity of its store fleet\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "d9422b7b"
    },
    {
      "context": "The firm could also see lower costs from an improved supply chain and distribution network (as a result of direct sourcing and furniture delivery operations) as well as higher productivity of its store fleet (as underperforming locations close).",
      "question": "2 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: an improved supply chain and distribution network (as a result of direct sourcing and furniture delivery operations) as well as higher productivity of its store fleet (as underperforming locations close)\nEffect: lower costs\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "2b6cdb35"
    },
    {
      "context": "Flash technology, specifically in the form of solid-state drives, or SSDs, have performance improvements over HDDs that have resulted in an ongoing shift toward SSDs for mass storage needs in PCs and servers.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Flash technology, specifically in the form of solid-state drives, or SSDs, have performance improvements over HDDs\nEffect: an ongoing shift toward SSDs for mass storage needs in PCs and servers\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "934dbcb2"
    },
    {
      "context": "From a fundamental standpoint, near-term profitability remains strong, as pandemic-induced distortions have facilitated reductions in advertising and other corporate expenses.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: pandemic-induced distortions have facilitated reductions in advertising and other corporate expenses\nEffect: near-term profitability remains strong\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "3caed9fc"
    },
    {
      "context": "From a fundamental standpoint, near-term profitability remains strong, as pandemic-induced distortions have facilitated reductions in advertising and other corporate expenses.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: pandemic-induced distortion\nEffect: facilitated reductions in advertising and other corporate expenses\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "d08e1dce"
    },
    {
      "context": "With Splunk pursuing a shift to the cloud, it will be easier to leverage this cross-selling opportunity and expand Splunk's footprint within different businesses.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Splunk pursuing a shift to the cloud\nEffect: it will be easier to leverage this cross-selling opportunity and expand Splunk's footprint within different businesses\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "f4019992"
    },
    {
      "context": "Emission solutions continue to reduce diesel emissions, battery electric is a viable solution for regional-haul operations, and fuel cells have the potential to power long-haul operations; which may limit the adoption of LNG trucks, particularly outside of Europe.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: limit the adoption of LNG trucks\nEffect: fuel cells have the potential to power long-haul operations\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "c49131a5"
    },
    {
      "context": "When fuel prices increase, surcharges increase, albeit with a few weeks' delay between the rise in prices and surcharge implementation.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: fuel prices increase\nEffect: surcharges increase, albeit with a few weeks' delay between the rise in prices and surcharge implementation\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "0eecb44d"
    },
    {
      "context": "Current and planned capacity is primarily in solar, but Total is pushing further into floating offshore wind, which should drive growth beyond 2025 and where it can leverage offshore capabilities from its oil and gas operations.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Total is pushing further into floating offshore wind\nEffect: drive growth beyond 2025 and where it can leverage offshore capabilities from its oil and gas operations\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "88dfcd78"
    },
    {
      "context": "We're anticipating a minor step up in capital expenditures as a percent of sales in the short term, as the company increases missile production capacity.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the company increases missile production capacity\nEffect: a minor step up in capital expenditures as a percent of sales in the short term\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "e82fc55a"
    },
    {
      "context": "We now forecast RH's terminal operating margin at 22.2% (21.6% prior), reflecting the increasing possibility that the company's evolution to an integrated luxury brand could offer the ability to tap into a larger total addressable market, rather than solely a furniture-seeking cohort.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: RH's terminal operating margin at 22.2% (21.6% prior)\nEffect: the increasing possibility that the company's evolution to an integrated luxury brand could offer the ability to tap into a larger total addressable market, rather than solely a furniture-seeking cohort\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "8e542a01"
    },
    {
      "context": "Additionally, a meaningful reduction in the world's oil consumption will likely take decades to achieve, giving CME plenty of time to adapt and grow its other product lines.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: a meaningful reduction in the world's oil consumption will likely take decades to achieve\nEffect: CME plenty of time to adapt and grow its other product lines\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "31b8fbfd"
    },
    {
      "context": "The company finds a receptive audience with large pharma clients, which see sizable benefits in the simplified procurement process Thermo Fisher offers. As a result, the firm's penetration and entrenchment within the pharma end market (switching costs) are expanding, which we expect to continue.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: The company finds a receptive audience with large pharma clients, which see sizable benefits in the simplified procurement process Thermo Fisher offers\nEffect: the firm's penetration and entrenchment within the pharma end market (switching costs) are expanding, which we expect to continue\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "6fff4947"
    },
    {
      "context": "International organic revenue growth on existing towers averaged about 10% annually over the five years preceding 2020, when it dipped to 7.3% due in part to COVID-19-induced carrier spending slowdowns.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: COVID-19-induced carrier spending slowdowns\nEffect: International organic revenue growth on existing towers averaged about 10% annually\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "80b01947"
    },
    {
      "context": "Effectively, franchisees get young technicians hooked on Snap-on by making them reliant on credit while providing exceptional service that includes same-day warranty replacements.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: reliant on credit\nEffect: franchisees get young technicians hooked on Snap-on\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "48ff3e20"
    },
    {
      "context": "Effectively, franchisees get young technicians hooked on Snap-on by making them reliant on credit while providing exceptional service that includes same-day warranty replacements.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: providing exceptional service that includes same-day warranty replacements\nEffect: franchisees get young technicians hooked on Snap-on\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "c29b058f"
    },
    {
      "context": "In the 2023 to 2025 time period, we think the company can eke out incremental improvement as it further rationalizes its manufacturing assets.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the company can eke out incremental improvement\nEffect: rationalizes its manufacturing assets\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "08496ef7"
    },
    {
      "context": "Perpetual deals can get pushed out or pulled in within a year and can have a material impact on quarterly results.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Perpetual deals can get pushed out or pulled in within a year\nEffect: have a material impact on quarterly results\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "9d69bb09"
    },
    {
      "context": "The firm's direct-to-consumer plans around HBO Max are gaining momentum, which should nicely augment and eventually supplant traditional distribution mechanisms.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: The firm's direct-to-consumer plans around HBO Max are gaining momentum\nEffect: nicely augment and eventually supplant traditional distribution mechanisms\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "25de1685"
    },
    {
      "context": "For reference, we utilize 2019 metrics given the lack of comparability the 2020 fiscal year offers due to the pandemic.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the lack of comparability the 2020 fiscal year offers due to the pandemic\nEffect: we utilize 2019 metrics\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "245b58e1"
    },
    {
      "context": "Finally, we anticipate a steadier long-term macroeconomic environment supporting demand for fuses, relays, and custom products in the industrial segment.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: a steadier long-term macroeconomic environment\nEffect: demand for fuses, relays, and custom products in the industrial segment\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "e99b75ac"
    },
    {
      "context": "Our fair value estimate includes a $7.25 per share deduction to account for our estimate of future claims that Edison will have to pay out to victims of the 2017-18 wildfires and mudslides, net of tax and insurance recoveries.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: account for our estimate of future claims that Edison will have to pay out to victims of the 2017-18 wildfires and mudslides, net of tax and insurance recoveries\nEffect: Our fair value estimate includes a $7.25 per share deduction\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "5530a500"
    },
    {
      "context": "A decade of consolidation in the corrugated packaging industry has allowed WestRock and its peers to push more aggressively on prices, resulting in a period of higher margins.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: A decade of consolidation in the corrugated packaging industry\nEffect: WestRock and its peers to push more aggressively on prices\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "4607bcb9"
    },
    {
      "context": "A decade of consolidation in the corrugated packaging industry has allowed WestRock and its peers to push more aggressively on prices, resulting in a period of higher margins.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: WestRock and its peers to push more aggressively on prices\nEffect: a period of higher margins\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "612b971d"
    },
    {
      "context": "Altogether, this gives Zions a cheaper deposit base to fund earning assets and has led to above-average net interest margin expansion.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: this gives Zions a cheaper deposit base to fund earning assets\nEffect: led to above-average net interest margin expansion\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "965aa773"
    },
    {
      "context": "With COVID-19 exacerbating social and economic tensions, it is not implausible that disruption could break out in some of its operating countries in the months ahead.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: COVID-19 exacerbating social and economic tensions\nEffect: it is not implausible that disruption could break out in some of its operating countries in the months ahead\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "4b9d8d6f"
    },
    {
      "context": "In the second half of 2016, ON Semiconductor purchased Fairchild Semiconductors, which significantly increased the firm's discrete semiconductor sales, boosting its position in voltage regulators and IGBT power transistors, for example, and making it the number-two player in the discrete market behind Infineon.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: ON Semiconductor purchased Fairchild Semiconductors\nEffect: increased the firm's discrete semiconductor sales\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "550bad98"
    },
    {
      "context": "In the second half of 2016, ON Semiconductor purchased Fairchild Semiconductors, which significantly increased the firm's discrete semiconductor sales, boosting its position in voltage regulators and IGBT power transistors, for example, and making it the number-two player in the discrete market behind Infineon.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: ON Semiconductor purchased Fairchild Semiconductors\nEffect: making it the number-two player in the discrete market behind Infineon\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "bc9a3a05"
    },
    {
      "context": "As artificial intelligence progresses, we expect Lam and its peers will be able to optimize chamber, tool, and fleet performance leading to less variability, higher yields, and thus more value for the customer.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: artificial intelligence progresses\nEffect: Lam and its peers will be able to optimize chamber, tool, and fleet performance\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "a38ef05a"
    },
    {
      "context": "As artificial intelligence progresses, we expect Lam and its peers will be able to optimize chamber, tool, and fleet performance leading to less variability, higher yields, and thus more value for the customer.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Lam and its peers will be able to optimize chamber, tool, and fleet performance\nEffect: less variability, higher yields, and thus more value for the customer\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "1cefc18f"
    },
    {
      "context": "We also expect comp growth to come through new menu items and daypart expansion, delivery (aided by a second make-line for digital ordering at many locations), \"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"Chipotlane\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\" pickup window locations and other alternative restaurant formats (which should allow for unit growth acceleration in later years), and employee investments.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: new menu items and daypart expansion, delivery (aided by a second make-line for digital ordering at many locations), \"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"Chipotlane\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\" pickup window locations and other alternative restaurant formats (which should allow for unit growth acceleration in later years), and employee investments\nEffect: comp growth to come\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "8d0c0860"
    },
    {
      "context": "As a diversified industrial company, Crane is exposed to the overall health of the global economy, including a potential slowdown in industrial production and GDP growth as well as cyclicality in its end markets.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: a diversified industrial company\nEffect: Crane is exposed to the overall health of the global economy\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "efb7701a"
    },
    {
      "context": "Further, directors, executives, and 5%-plus stockholders combined have 58.8% voting control, as of December 2020, which could hinder the ability of individual shareholders to effect operational change.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: directors, executives, and 5%-plus stockholders combined have 58.8% voting control, as of December 2020\nEffect: the ability of individual shareholders to effect operational change\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "74f882bf"
    },
    {
      "context": "Switching would require substantial effort in redesigning the aircraft to accommodate the new product, production delays for recertification, updated maintenance procedures, and since many non-engine components of aircraft are not material relative to the multi-million dollar aircraft, would not render material cost savings relative to the aircraft.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: many non-engine components of aircraft are not material relative to the multi-million dollar aircraft\nEffect: render material cost savings relative to the aircraft\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "8a7a632a"
    },
    {
      "context": "Successful commercialization of diabetes products also requires a strong sales presence, such as Novo's 15,000-plus sales employees scattered across the globe.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: a strong sales presence\nEffect: Successful commercialization of diabetes products\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "ee73d7c2"
    },
    {
      "context": "Nevertheless, the current entity combines the heft of Cott's former water subsidiaries with the legacy Primo business, and as a pure-play water provider, we expect a more robust top-line trajectory and a structurally improved margin profile.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the current entity combines the heft of Cott's former water subsidiaries with the legacy Primo business\nEffect: a pure-play water provider\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "8635890e"
    },
    {
      "context": "Nevertheless, the current entity combines the heft of Cott's former water subsidiaries with the legacy Primo business, and as a pure-play water provider, we expect a more robust top-line trajectory and a structurally improved margin profile.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: a pure-play water provider\nEffect: a more robust top-line trajectory and a structurally improved margin profile\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "353224ae"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect pressure on premiums in the near term due to the decline in commercial activity but expect pricing increases and a firmer market to result in solid growth over time.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the decline in commercial activity but expect pricing increases and a firmer market to result in solid growth over time\nEffect: pressure on premiums in the near term\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "df2099fe"
    },
    {
      "context": "Brand recognition in this population along with a low-priced offering has helped Centene build the leading market share on the individual exchanges.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Brand recognition in this population along with a low-priced offering\nEffect: helped Centene build the leading market share on the individual exchanges\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "20b40638"
    },
    {
      "context": "As the ECR segment had high exposure to volatile oil and gas prices, and its operating margins have long lagged those of the remaining two segments, we think the divestment will lower the risk and boost the margins of Jacobs' portfolio.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the ECR segment had high exposure to volatile oil and gas prices\nEffect: the divestment will lower the risk and boost the margins of Jacobs' portfolio\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "5c156e0c"
    },
    {
      "context": "We view Lockheed Martin as the highest-quality defense prime contractor, due to its exposure as the prime contractor on the F-35 program and its missile business.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: its exposure as the prime contractor on the F-35 program and its missile business\nEffect: Lockheed Martin as the highest-quality defense prime contractor\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "8adb166e"
    },
    {
      "context": "Customers are generally reluctant to switch FPGA vendors, which would require their engineers to learn new software and design tools.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: require their engineers to learn new software and design tools\nEffect: Customers are generally reluctant to switch FPGA vendors\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "d3a76ec2"
    },
    {
      "context": "With more ads, Criteo gathered more data which the firm utilized to make its display ads more effective, creating value for clients and helping to bring in more clients and campaigns.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: With more ads, Criteo gathered more data\nEffect: creating value for clients and helping to bring in more clients and campaigns\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "1562f6bb"
    },
    {
      "context": "However, Range is still not generating free cash flow by our estimates, which means the firm needs higher prices to generate free cash flows and earn its cost of capital.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Range is still not generating free cash flow\nEffect: the firm needs higher prices to generate free cash flows and earn its cost of capital\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "e5184291"
    },
    {
      "context": "The most pressing risk US Foods faces is the pandemic, which had a significant impact on 2020 results, including an 21% drop in organic sales, and a 230-basis-point contraction in adjusted operating margins to 0.9%.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: pandemic\nEffect: significant impact on 2020 results\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "387b327a"
    },
    {
      "context": "We think PFG's channel diversity, vast adoption of carryout, and the eventual containment of the COVID-19 virus (most likely after the dissemination of vaccines in 2021), should return PFG' organic revenue to prepandemic levels by 2022.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: PFG's channel diversity, vast adoption of carryout, and the eventual containment of the COVID-19 virus (most likely after the dissemination of vaccines in 2021)\nEffect: return PFG' organic revenue to prepandemic levels by 2022\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "98425e06"
    },
    {
      "context": "In our base case, we assume short-term rent growth and re-leasing spreads decline due to challenges arising from the coronavirus outbreak and significant Class A supply additions in Manhattan over the past few years. This is reflected in weak rental growth, before the market ultimately recovers and eventually settles at contractual growth of just under 2% by 2030.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: short-term rent growth and re-leasing spreads decline due to challenges arising from the coronavirus outbreak and significant Class A supply additions in Manhattan over the past few years\nEffect: weak rental growth, before the market ultimately recovers and eventually settles at contractual growth of just under 2% by 2030\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "859ecfab"
    },
    {
      "context": "We continue to expect uneven near-term industry guest traffic volatility as consumers adjust to restaurant operating changes, a reduction in government assistance, and the return of COVID-19-containment restrictions.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: consumers adjust to restaurant operating changes, a reduction in government assistance, and the return of COVID-19-containment restrictions\nEffect: uneven near-term industry guest traffic volatility\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "d1c861fe"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe that cybersecurity threats should perpetually increase while becoming further sophisticated, as more data is created and dispersed away from centralized data centers.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: more data is created and dispersed away from centralized data centers\nEffect: cybersecurity threats should perpetually increase while becoming further sophisticated\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "611a5ce2"
    },
    {
      "context": "The proposed Labor Party changes to the favourable taxation of property, which would likely have impacted demand for property investment and property prices, were shelved when Labor surprisingly lost the May 2019 Federal election.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: The proposed Labor Party changes to the favourable taxation of property\nEffect: demand for property investment and property prices\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "c8a211a0"
    },
    {
      "context": "The proposed Labor Party changes to the favourable taxation of property, which would likely have impacted demand for property investment and property prices, were shelved when Labor surprisingly lost the May 2019 Federal election.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Labor surprisingly lost the May 2019 Federal election\nEffect: The proposed Labor Party changes to the favourable taxation of property, which would likely have impacted demand for property investment and property prices, were shelved\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "e26c6ce9"
    },
    {
      "context": "In addition, with the FTTP buildout now nearing completion (it won't be economical to build fiber over 100% of its footprint), Telus will be able to significantly reduce its wireline capital spending over the next few years.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the FTTP buildout now nearing completion\nEffect: significantly reduce its wireline capital spending over the next few years\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "a37e92b1"
    },
    {
      "context": "Even for categories not facing these headwinds (such as yogurt), General Mills' Yoplait brand has lost significant share as it was late to respond to the shift to Greek yogurt, although now this trend is reversing and General Mills' share in yogurt has stabilized.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: it was late to respond to the shift to Greek yogurt\nEffect: General Mills' Yoplait brand has lost significant share\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "9a9256d9"
    },
    {
      "context": "It also gives its customers suggestions and solutions on the best way to operate the machinery efficiently. As a result, Komatsu was named as one of the Lowest Cost of Ownership Award 2018 winners by EquipmentWatch along with Caterpillar and Deere, based on its calculations on the five-year total cost of ownership of different models across the different heavy construction equipment types.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: It also gives its customers suggestions and solutions on the best way to operate the machinery efficiently\nEffect: Komatsu was named as one of the Lowest Cost of Ownership Award 2018 winners by EquipmentWatch along with Caterpillar and Deere, based on its calculations on the five-year total cost of ownership of different models across the different heavy construction equipment types\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "4370c1a9"
    },
    {
      "context": "Brand loyalty in some cases stretches back for multiple generations as farmers often call themselves 'green' or 'red' farm equipment owners.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: farmers often call themselves 'green' or 'red' farm equipment owners\nEffect: Brand loyalty in some cases stretches back for multiple generations\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "da581677"
    },
    {
      "context": "Whether for reasons real or perceived, consumption has been shifting to the higher-end of the beer category (with the low end declining at a low single digit rate), particularly as per capita incomes have risen across the globe.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: per capita incomes have risen across the globe\nEffect: consumption has been shifting to the higher-end of the beer category\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "f0792afd"
    },
    {
      "context": "The company's vast financial flexibility, and balance sheet strength may lead to value-destructive acquisitions, such as pricey transactions executed in an already pricey market environment.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: The company's vast financial flexibility\nEffect: value-destructive acquisitions, such as pricey transactions executed in an already pricey market environment\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "7bdcf293"
    },
    {
      "context": "The company's vast financial flexibility, and balance sheet strength may lead to value-destructive acquisitions, such as pricey transactions executed in an already pricey market environment.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: balance sheet strength\nEffect: value-destructive acquisitions, such as pricey transactions executed in an already pricey market environment\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "b16a68a6"
    },
    {
      "context": "Additionally, the incorporation of a variety of other ITOM features, such as IT Asset Management, in IT Business Management has made the company's solution broader and focused on solving business problems rather than just selling applications.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the incorporation of a variety of other ITOM features, such as IT Asset Management, in IT Business Management\nEffect: the company's solution broader and focused on solving business problems rather than just selling applications\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "2e14a1cb"
    },
    {
      "context": "We also see governance risk from the large investment and cash outlay for the Lunar projects given the uncertainty on whether these investments will create long-term value for shareholders.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the uncertainty on whether these investments will create long-term value for shareholders\nEffect: governance risk from the large investment and cash outlay for the Lunar projects\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "f7fa4e53"
    },
    {
      "context": "Consistent product and process technological advancement enables more favorable pricing relative to many automotive industry suppliers that lack the capability or the desire to innovate.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Consistent product and process technological advancement enables more favorable pricing\nEffect: relative to many automotive industry suppliers that lack the capability or the desire to innovate\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "a62b3c49"
    },
    {
      "context": "We suspect that a cooling housing market will dampen growth in mortgages, and we anticipate higher credit costs as cyclical lows from 2019 begin to normalize.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: a cooling housing market\nEffect: dampen growth in mortgages\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "678a2e4d"
    },
    {
      "context": "We suspect that a cooling housing market will dampen growth in mortgages, and we anticipate higher credit costs as cyclical lows from 2019 begin to normalize.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: cyclical lows from 2019 begin to normalize\nEffect: higher credit costs\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "542f0fa3"
    },
    {
      "context": "Additionally, the transition to the cloud is prompting enterprises to change software vendors away from all-in-one ERP systems to application specific that are best of breed.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the transition to the cloud\nEffect: prompting enterprises to change software vendors away from all-in-one ERP systems to application specific\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "ee8e5a82"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect annual earnings growth at Georgia Power to accelerate to high-single digits after Vogtle is completed and penalty returns on equity fade.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Vogtle is completed and penalty returns on equity fade\nEffect: annual earnings growth at Georgia Power to accelerate to high-single digits\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "1ddb02bc"
    },
    {
      "context": "Healthpeak has established itself as a desirable partner with some of the top hospitals, as 94% of its medical office building assets are affiliated with a health system.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: 94% of its medical office building assets are affiliated with a health system\nEffect: Healthpeak has established itself as a desirable partner with some of the top hospitals\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "8682fd11"
    },
    {
      "context": "Given the substantial costs at failure, we don't expect the military will switch its provider for missile defense systems any day soon.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the substantial costs at failure\nEffect: we don't expect the military will switch its provider for missile defense systems any day soon\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "51f55ad1"
    },
    {
      "context": "Following Wesco's third-quarter results, we increased our fair value estimate 10% to $100 per share primarily due to our upwardly revised cost synergy assumptions but also lower share count.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: upwardly revised cost synergy\nEffect: lower share count\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "f2419149"
    },
    {
      "context": "Department of Justice wrapped up its investigation into off-label use of the Infuse product without issuing any charges, the controversy around the investigation added uncertainty and contributed to a decline in Infuse sales during that period.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Department of Justice wrapped up its investigation into off-label use of the Infuse product without issuing any charges\nEffect: the controversy around the investigation added uncertainty and contributed to a decline in Infuse sales during that period\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "17121f81"
    },
    {
      "context": "During periods of rapid fuel price increases, truckload carriers often see modest temporary margin headwinds because of the time lag associated with adjusting fuel surcharges to shippers.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the time lag associated with adjusting fuel surcharges to shippers\nEffect: During periods of rapid fuel price increases, truckload carriers often see modest temporary margin headwinds\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "8054e842"
    },
    {
      "context": "State and federal regulators grant PSE&amp;G exclusive rights to charge customers rates that allow it to earn a fair return on and return of the capital it invests to build, operate, and maintain its distribution networks.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: State and federal regulators grant PSE&amp;G exclusive rights to charge customers rates\nEffect: earn a fair return on and return of the capital it invests to build, operate, and maintain its distribution networks\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "4bfe3445"
    },
    {
      "context": "However, the cyclical supply and demand nature of commodities and related pricing can have an indirect impact on the business as shippers may choose to accelerate or delay certain projects.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: shippers may choose to accelerate or delay certain projects\nEffect: the cyclical supply and demand nature of commodities and related pricing can have an indirect impact on the business\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "6d7e7704"
    },
    {
      "context": "State and federal regulators typically grant regulated utilities exclusive rights to charge customers rates that allow the utilities to earn a fair return on and of the capital they invest to build, operate, and maintain their distribution networks.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: State and federal regulators typically grant regulated utilities exclusive rights to charge customers rates\nEffect: the utilities to earn a fair return on and of the capital they invest to build, operate, and maintain their distribution networks.\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "80e6b592"
    },
    {
      "context": "The business is technology intensive as payment acceptance products have to immediately analyze a variety of different coins and bills (including different currencies, denominations, and designs) and maintain a high fraud detection rate.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: payment acceptance products have to immediately analyze a variety of different coins and bills (including different currencies, denominations, and designs) and maintain a high fraud detection rate\nEffect: The business is technology intensive\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "80d41175"
    },
    {
      "context": "We also see this industry as being exposed to shifts in government policy that could either hurt or help the company.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: this industry as being exposed to shifts in government policy\nEffect: either hurt or help the company\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "c9a2e717"
    },
    {
      "context": "Firms such as Jones Lang LaSalle increasingly bundle services to provide a consolidated suite of offerings. This benefits JLL in that it can leverage certain parts of its business such as research and consulting, and it benefits clients that receive a more customized and tailored experience.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Firms such as Jones Lang LaSalle increasingly bundle services to provide a consolidated suite of offerings\nEffect: leverage certain parts of its business such as research and consulting, and it benefits clients that receive a more customized and tailored experience\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "0ff5bc54"
    },
    {
      "context": "Infineon also has hefty manufacturing capacity for its products, which may lead to a higher fixed-cost structure and may cause significant margin compression when supply far exceeds demand.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Infineon also has hefty manufacturing capacity for its products\nEffect: a higher fixed-cost structure\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "a7d6d88f"
    },
    {
      "context": "Infineon also has hefty manufacturing capacity for its products, which may lead to a higher fixed-cost structure and may cause significant margin compression when supply far exceeds demand.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Infineon also has hefty manufacturing capacity for its products\nEffect: significant margin compression when supply far exceeds demand\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "aeca0c43"
    },
    {
      "context": "Fee rates for the contracts are typically set based on independent analysis of similar assets at other refineries in the region. As a result, we see returns on invested capital averaging around 10%-11% over the next five years (including the acquisition of Andeavor Logistics), in excess of our weighted average cost of capital.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Fee rates for the contracts are typically set based on independent analysis of similar assets at other refineries in the region\nEffect: we see returns on invested capital averaging around 10%-11% over the next five years (including the acquisition of Andeavor Logistics), in excess of our weighted average cost of capital\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "4ebe2ac3"
    },
    {
      "context": "Pursuit has 50 dealers, a result of the smaller market it serves, and also sees healthy brand loyalty, with relationships averaging about 12 years.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the smaller market\nEffect: Pursuit has 50 dealers| sees healthy brand loyalty, with relationships averaging about 12 years\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "91f26acd"
    },
    {
      "context": "Only Samsung, which holds the leading share of both the NAND and DRAM memory markets, has been able to squeak out a cost advantage with its unparalleled scale.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Only Samsung, which holds the leading share of both the NAND and DRAM memory markets\nEffect: squeak out a cost advantage with its unparalleled scale\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "674c04d5"
    },
    {
      "context": "A less effective Criteo Engine will more than likely lower the firm's client retention rate and make it harder for Criteo to attract new clients.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: effective Criteo Engine\nEffect: lower the firm's client retention rate and make it harder for Criteo to attract new clients\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "b9d58a3e"
    },
    {
      "context": "China Unicom has also made a strong push in mobiles in 2017 and 2018 and has helped lift competitive intensity in the market.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: China Unicom has also made a strong push in mobiles in 2017 and 2018\nEffect: lift competitive intensity in the market\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "77492710"
    },
    {
      "context": "With discretionary services set to bounce back as the pandemic recedes, Willis Towers Watson could see unusually strong growth in the near term.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the pandemic recedes\nEffect: discretionary services set to bounce back\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "030d6a3f"
    },
    {
      "context": "With discretionary services set to bounce back as the pandemic recedes, Willis Towers Watson could see unusually strong growth in the near term.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: discretionary services set to bounce back\nEffect: Willis Towers Watson could see unusually strong growth in the near term\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "4bc941e8"
    },
    {
      "context": "Compared with its peers, however, Omnicom was relatively quiet on the acquisition front in 2016, two years after it ended merger talks with Publicis, which would have made the combined company larger than the U.K.'s WPP.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Omnicom was relatively quiet on the acquisition front in 2016, two years after it ended merger talks with Publicis\nEffect: made the combined company larger than the U.K.'s WPP\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "5ccce2a8"
    },
    {
      "context": "As they are putting together the ingredients and seasoning the dish, they have to constantly taste the stew and adjust the seasoning and ingredients to create the perfect recipe.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: constantly taste the stew and adjust the seasoning and ingredients\nEffect: create the perfect recipe\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "bb62442d"
    },
    {
      "context": "As a follow-on to the initial introduction of CRM, management introduced the Veeva Vault platform to broaden the portfolio that addresses the largely unmet needs of the life sciences industry outside of CRM.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: management introduced the Veeva Vault platform\nEffect: broaden the portfolio\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "959801af"
    },
    {
      "context": "Because investors require this information and there are no substitutes, Nasdaq enjoys high switching costs, which makes it easy for it to achieve price increases.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: investors require this information and there are no substitutes, Nasdaq enjoys high switching costs\nEffect: makes it easy for it to achieve price increases\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "779a0676"
    },
    {
      "context": "It has a bright outlook via organic drilling growth at Diamondback, which will be the operator on over 50% of Viper's acreage, and further acquisitions of acreage from private owners.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the operator on over 50% of Viper's acreage, and further acquisitions of acreage from private owners\nEffect: a bright outlook via organic drilling growth at Diamondback\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "322998ac"
    },
    {
      "context": "Tax documents from financial institutions customers have linked their Mint accounts to will automatically feed into TurboTax if cleared by the customer, making TurboTax renewals more likely, in our view.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Tax documents from financial institutions customers have linked their Mint accounts to will automatically feed into TurboTax if cleared by the customer\nEffect: making TurboTax renewals more likely\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "3004bb2f"
    },
    {
      "context": "Overall, we see significant barriers to entry around these businesses, which keeps most of the injectable markets that Baxter participates in quite concentrated from a competitive perspective.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: we see significant barriers to entry around these businesses\nEffect: keeps most of the injectable markets that Baxter participates in quite concentrated from a competitive perspective\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "ed9171a6"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe the combination of Azure, DBMS, Dynamics 365, and Office 365 will drive above-market growth as CIOs continue to consolidate vendors.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: CIOs continue to consolidate vendors\nEffect: the combination of Azure, DBMS, Dynamics 365, and Office 365 will drive above-market growth\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "20030f15"
    },
    {
      "context": "Here, because the city is home to China's wealthy and political elite, CITIC Prudential Life focuses on selling wealth management products as well as advice on legacy planning and intergenerational insurance solutions.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the city is home to China's wealthy and political elite\nEffect: CITIC Prudential Life focuses on selling wealth management products as well as advice on legacy planning and intergenerational insurance solutions\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "6d6b58c9"
    },
    {
      "context": "After the 2005 merger of TD Waterhouse and Ameritrade, Broadridge lost TD Waterhouse as a client because Ameritrade completed its securities processing in-house.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: After the 2005 merger of TD Waterhouse and Ameritrade, Broadridge lost TD Waterhouse as a client\nEffect: Ameritrade completed its securities processing in-house.\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "40a528ba"
    },
    {
      "context": "Although its sales soared during the pandemic, we believe the impact is temporary, as growth in sporting goods retail has generally been minimal due to external competition.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: growth in sporting goods retail has generally been minimal due to external competition\nEffect: the impact is temporary\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "e4150364"
    },
    {
      "context": "And once hosts and guests become aware of Airbnb's network they tend to increasingly stay on the platform, highlighting the quality of the company's offering.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the quality of the company's offering\nEffect: they tend to increasingly stay on the platform\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "97f546d1"
    },
    {
      "context": "Capri has big plans for Versace and Jimmy Choo, primarily based on store growth and expansions of their accessory businesses.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: store growth and expansions of their accessory businesses\nEffect: Capri has big plans for Versace and Jimmy Choo\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "f56cd823"
    },
    {
      "context": "Sales of materials processing equipment, at first glance, would appear to be sensitive to the availability of aftermarket service due to the significant maintenance requirements that the machines require.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the significant maintenance requirements that the machines require\nEffect: appear to be sensitive to the availability of aftermarket service\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "a6408abf"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect sales of Herceptin, Rituxan, and Avastin to decline from roughly CHF 20 billion in 2019 to CHF 4 billion in 2025 due to biosimilar competition.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: biosimilar competition\nEffect: sales of Herceptin, Rituxan, and Avastin to decline from roughly CHF 20 billion in 2019 to CHF 4 billion in 2025\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "8096c762"
    },
    {
      "context": "The sector has held up well during the pandemic (consistent with past economic downturns), with a surge in DIY sales as customers look to save on repair costs and as many motorists remaining on the job through lockdowns are lower-income individuals, the core of the DIY segment.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: customers look to save on repair costs and as many motorists remaining on the job through lockdowns are lower-income individuals, the core of the DIY segment\nEffect: The sector has held up well during the pandemic (consistent with past economic downturns), with a surge in DIY sales\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "04ddad33"
    },
    {
      "context": "PTC has recently expanded from its core CAD and PLM solutions into Internet of Things and Augmented Reality (AR) offerings--largely via acquisition.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: acquisition\nEffect: PTC has recently expanded from its core CAD and PLM solutions into Internet of Things and Augmented Reality (AR) offerings\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "e7b75e2b"
    },
    {
      "context": "The industry's pricing transparency and significantly lower regulatory oversight have allowed the rise of competition from Internet retailers and equipment manufacturers, eroding most of these firms' switching costs and shifting the competitive landscape.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: The industry's pricing transparency and significantly lower regulatory oversight\nEffect: the rise of competition from Internet retailers and equipment manufacturers\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "b5577bb9"
    },
    {
      "context": "The industry's pricing transparency and significantly lower regulatory oversight have allowed the rise of competition from Internet retailers and equipment manufacturers, eroding most of these firms' switching costs and shifting the competitive landscape.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: The industry's pricing transparency and significantly lower regulatory oversight\nEffect: eroding most of these firms' switching costs and shifting the competitive landscape\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "11e1e23f"
    },
    {
      "context": "Though our outlook on Exact Sciences is uncertain, with significant competition expected to enter the early-screening market over the next decade, we think Exact's early entrant status in pan-cancer and Cologuard's existing share could help sustain growth over the next 10 years.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Exact's early entrant status in pan-cancer and Cologuard's existing share\nEffect: sustain growth over the next 10 years\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "86950e1b"
    },
    {
      "context": "But given that the gathering and processing business is asset-intensive and receives the bulk of investments and acquisitions, firm-level returns on invested capital have averaged about 5% over the past five years, and we don't expect returns to materially improve.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the gathering and processing business is asset-intensive and receives the bulk of investments and acquisitions\nEffect: firm-level returns on invested capital have averaged about 5% over the past five years, and we don't expect returns to materially improve\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "c0d7be66"
    },
    {
      "context": "Longtime seating firms such as Adient have decades of knowledge of what automakers and consumers want in a seat or interior, a helpful intangible asset in keeping new entrants out.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Longtime seating firms such as Adient have decades of knowledge of what automakers and consumers want in a seat or interior\nEffect: a helpful intangible asset in keeping new entrants out\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "c1699382"
    },
    {
      "context": "While the combined company has an advantage over HDD competitor Seagate, we believe Western Digital will struggle to maximize its opportunities within NAND due to considerable competition in the space.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: considerable competition in the space\nEffect: Western Digital will struggle to maximize its opportunities within NAND\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "7c864415"
    },
    {
      "context": "Owing to the diesel scandal, Volkswagen global sales declined 2% in 2015 but have rebounded since, finishing 2019 at nearly 11 million.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the diesel scandal\nEffect: Volkswagen global sales declined 2% in 2015 but have rebounded since, finishing 2019 at nearly 11 million\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "d1fe1ebc"
    },
    {
      "context": "Overall, we think these dynamics create barriers to entry for new competitors in local markets because it is hard to compile an attractively priced provider network without a significant membership share of that caregivers' patient population.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: hard to compile an attractively priced provider network without a significant membership share of that caregivers' patient population\nEffect: dynamics create barriers\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "c14fdabb"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe Dunkin' can extend its brand reach beyond core markets, supported by solid franchise unit economics, national advertising efforts, and more technological-leveraged and drive-thru-focused restaurant formats.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: solid franchise unit economics, national advertising efforts, and more technological-leveraged and drive-thru-focused restaurant formats\nEffect: Dunkin' can extend its brand reach beyond core markets\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "dfe56531"
    },
    {
      "context": "The participating companies relinquish the rights to their data to Core in exchange for the knowledge gleaned from the project.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: The participating companies relinquish the rights to their data to Core\nEffect: in exchange for the knowledge gleaned from the project\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "9a91bf26"
    },
    {
      "context": "We assume relatively few towers will be built and acquired in the U.S., contributing to a 300-basis-point rise in segment gross margin.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: few towers will be built and acquired in the U.S.\nEffect: a 300-basis-point rise in segment gross margin\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "42446a6e"
    },
    {
      "context": "Following significant core sales declines across all three segments in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, we forecast an average annual organic revenue growth rate for the firm of approximately 6.5% through 2025.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the COVID-19 pandemic\nEffect: Following significant core sales declines across all three segments in 2020\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "1ff48ffd"
    },
    {
      "context": "Following significant core sales declines across all three segments in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, we forecast an average annual organic revenue growth rate for the firm of approximately 6.5% through 2025.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Following significant core sales declines across all three segments in 2020\nEffect: an average annual organic revenue growth rate for the firm of approximately 6.5% through 2025\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "4e7fe661"
    },
    {
      "context": "If drugs or methods that are more effective for weight management than traditional nutrition and exercise are created, we think the company would lose significant business.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: drugs or methods that are more effective for weight management than traditional nutrition and exercise are created\nEffect: the company would lose significant business\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "244d5cf3"
    },
    {
      "context": "But for Bath &amp; Body Works, the segment posted 5% same-store sales over the past five years, and we expect comps that rise 2%-3% on average over the long term as brand relevance remains at the segment.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: brand relevance remains at the segment\nEffect: comps that rise 2%-3% on average over the long term\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "078d0684"
    },
    {
      "context": "The facility is particularly important because of the growing demand for exports of refined products and NGLs, and access to five docks is an important competitive advantage given geographic constraints.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the growing demand for exports of refined products and NGLs\nEffect: The facility is particularly important\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "aa5bcf47"
    },
    {
      "context": "The facility is particularly important because of the growing demand for exports of refined products and NGLs, and access to five docks is an important competitive advantage given geographic constraints.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: geographic constraints\nEffect: access to five docks is an important competitive advantage\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "c2cb8068"
    },
    {
      "context": "In addition, without Weixin/Weixin ID and QQ ID, users may need to spend more time registering on a new Internet service or a new mobile app, as many sites and apps allow fast login through Weixin ID and QQ ID.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: many sites and apps allow fast login through Weixin ID and QQ ID\nEffect: without Weixin/Weixin ID and QQ ID, users may need to spend more time registering on a new Internet service or a new mobile app\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "3391c8aa"
    },
    {
      "context": "Overall revenue is anticipated to grow in fiscal 2020, driven by net single-digit growth in generic drugs and continued rapid adoption of Austedo and Ajovy.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: net single-digit growth in generic drugs and continued rapid adoption of Austedo and Ajovy\nEffect: Overall revenue is anticipated to grow in fiscal 2020\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "961a259e"
    },
    {
      "context": "After several years of mixed results, Merck's R&D productivity is improving as the company shifts more toward areas of unmet medical need.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the company shifts more toward areas of unmet medical need\nEffect: After several years of mixed results, Merck's R&D productivity is improving\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "47352f8f"
    },
    {
      "context": "For instance, in February, Pinterest banned all searches related to antivaccination pins in order to avoid appearing to promote the lifestyle choice.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: Pinterest banned all searches related to antivaccination pins\nEffect: appearing to promote the lifestyle choice\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "32bdd1f1"
    },
    {
      "context": "However, we expect that the Japanese solar panel market will shrink, as the purchase price of feed in the tariff program is set to be cut annually, and Kyocera's revenue will decrease as a result.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the purchase price of feed in the tariff program is set to be cut annually, and Kyocera's revenue will decrease as a resul\nEffect: Japanese solar panel market will shrink\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "13a66804"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect electricity demand to rebound to prepandemic levels on a nationwide basis, but sustained low oil and gas prices could be a drag on electricity demand in Texas, where NRG has the bulk of its business.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: sustained low oil and gas prices\nEffect: electricity demand in Texas\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "48a3d0c5"
    },
    {
      "context": "This could include using an augmented reality app to check off a grocery list at Whole Foods or a cruise line integrating a passenger badge/sensor system for a more effortless cruise experience.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: using an augmented reality app to check off a grocery list at Whole Foods or a cruise line integrating a passenger badge/sensor system\nEffect: a more effortless cruise experience\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "de70832d"
    },
    {
      "context": "We forecast that growing subscription revenue and the product mix shift will lead to operating margins to expand into the high-20s.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: growing subscription revenue\nEffect: operating margins to expand into the high-20s\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "66012816"
    },
    {
      "context": "We forecast that growing subscription revenue and the product mix shift will lead to operating margins to expand into the high-20s.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the product mix shift\nEffect: operating margins to expand into the high-20s\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "340b152b"
    },
    {
      "context": "While Constellation's trademarks have broad appeal, it is not immune to the fact that anything inconsistent with the prevailing ethos gives rise to the possibility of severe commercial disruption.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: anything inconsistent with the prevailing ethos\nEffect: severe commercial disruption\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "44e7fed0"
    },
    {
      "context": "Additionally, with a fourth mobile network already established in the market, we think the French government is very unlikely to facilitate the entrance of a new player or approve any market consolidation by Orange's smaller competitors.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: a fourth mobile network already established in the market\nEffect: the French government is very unlikely to facilitate the entrance of a new player or approve any market consolidation by Orange's smaller competitors\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "2d56445b"
    },
    {
      "context": "We think the company is risking a significant part of its core business by risking upsetting customers with less database flexibility and prompting customers to rethink their cloud ERP needs.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: risking upsetting customers with less database flexibility and prompting customers to rethink their cloud ERP needs\nEffect: the company is risking a significant part of its core business\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "096c697a"
    },
    {
      "context": "Additionally, given Sinopec's size, it needs projects of a certain size and quality in order to increase reserves and production cost-effectively, but that will be difficult, in our view.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: Sinopec's size\nEffect: it needs projects of a certain size and quality in order to increase reserves and production cost-effectively\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "8d2133e2"
    },
    {
      "context": "We also expect strong growth for QNX as content gains with AVs of all levels offset market share losses to Android Automotive.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: all levels offset market share losses to Android Automotive\nEffect: strong growth for QNX as content gains with AVs\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "c1bdf651"
    },
    {
      "context": "Based on the bond financings and the ratings upgrades we lowered the long-term pretax cost of debt assumption in our valuation analysis to low (5.8%) from moderate (6.5%).",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Based on the bond financings and the ratings upgrades\nEffect: we lowered the long-term pretax cost of debt assumption in our valuation analysis to low (5.8%) from moderate (6.5%)\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "880d32dd"
    },
    {
      "context": "And we think competitive pressures will ultimately resurface in its retail categories, making it imperative that Kimberly keeps pressing ahead to ensure its innovation wins with its customer groups.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: competitive pressures will ultimately resurface in its retail categories\nEffect: it imperative that Kimberly keeps pressing ahead\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "f97ba8d6"
    },
    {
      "context": "And we think competitive pressures will ultimately resurface in its retail categories, making it imperative that Kimberly keeps pressing ahead to ensure its innovation wins with its customer groups.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: it imperative that Kimberly keeps pressing ahead\nEffect: its innovation wins with its customer groups\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "42a0cc32"
    },
    {
      "context": "The boots category is especially important for the Timberland brand, as we estimate that 80% of its sales come from footwear.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: 80% of its sales come from footwear\nEffect: The boots category is especially important for the Timberland brand\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "49117980"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect loan growth to average 3% for most years over the same period, although growth will be pressured in the near term as PPP loans roll off the balance sheet.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: PPP loans roll off the balance sheet\nEffect: growth will be pressured in the near term\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "1fe9872b"
    },
    {
      "context": "Scale should come with cost leverage as growth investments bear fruit, with the unit clearing management's 15% segment adjusted EBITDA margin target in fiscal 2021 (we assume growth to nearly 20% by fiscal 2030).",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: growth investments bear fruit\nEffect: Scale should come with cost leverage\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "04f94f76"
    },
    {
      "context": "Emerson, furthermore, has continued its product innovation by eliminating complex installations with an all-welded spool design that doesn't require an orifice plate. This design supports up to four individual flow transmitters, and further tolerates extreme temperature conditions, whereas previous iterations would have broken down the instrumentation.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Emerson, furthermore, has continued its product innovation by eliminating complex installations with an all-welded spool design that doesn't require an orifice plate\nEffect: supports up to four individual flow transmitters, and further tolerates extreme temperature conditions, whereas previous iterations would have broken down the instrumentation\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "565b6254"
    },
    {
      "context": "Robust advertising initiatives are especially important as its target customer is constantly aging, necessitating continuous engagement with new shoppers and households that limits sheer brand-building expenditures' ability to create durable customer loyalty.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: its target customer is constantly aging, necessitating continuous engagement with new shoppers and households\nEffect: Robust advertising initiatives are especially important\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "3e23c785"
    },
    {
      "context": "Robust advertising initiatives are especially important as its target customer is constantly aging, necessitating continuous engagement with new shoppers and households that limits sheer brand-building expenditures' ability to create durable customer loyalty.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: its target customer is constantly aging, necessitating continuous engagement with new shoppers and households\nEffect: sheer brand-building expenditures' ability to create durable customer loyalty\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "9f61a41d"
    },
    {
      "context": "We think Boeing's 737 MAX is a solid narrow-bodied aircraft, but we recognize that its recently rescinded grounding has dented Boeing's reputation and its order book.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: recently rescinded grounding\nEffect: dented Boeing's reputation and its order book\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "66718f9a"
    },
    {
      "context": "We predict a period of HDD oversupply hitting sometime around 2024 to shrink the top line, but for Seagate's HDD sales to return to a midcycle growth rate of 2% thereafter.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: a period of HDD oversupply hitting sometime around 2024\nEffect: shrink the top line\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "89faf365"
    },
    {
      "context": "Even though the number of firms with an NRSRO designation has increased (to about 10) since the introduction of the Credit Rating Agency Reform Act of 2006, we believe the network effects have been strong enough to only result in limited traction of other rating agencies.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the introduction of the Credit Rating Agency Reform Act of 2006\nEffect: the number of firms with an NRSRO designation has increased (to about 10)\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "099bab68"
    },
    {
      "context": "We therefore expect additional divestitures in the coming years, which should help reduce debt, allow for future acquisitions, and reallocate resources to Conagra's brands with high potential, such as its portfolio of healthy frozen foods, unprocessed snacks, alternative protein products, and organic, gluten-free, and vegan offerings.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: We therefore expect additional divestitures in the coming years\nEffect: help reduce debt, allow for future acquisitions, and reallocate resources to Conagra's brands with high potential, such as its portfolio of healthy frozen foods, unprocessed snacks, alternative protein products, and organic, gluten-free, and vegan offerings\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "2f04564b"
    },
    {
      "context": "As the impact of the pandemic subsides, we expect the firm to generate mid-single-digit top-line growth annually over the course of our projection period.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the impact of the pandemic subsides\nEffect: firm to generate mid-single-digit top-line growth annually over the course of our projection period\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "8552d5f9"
    },
    {
      "context": "While we think Lennar's scale and industry reputation has helped build strong relationships with subcontractors and land developers, we don't think the company is able to negotiate meaningful long-term price concessions, especially given the tightness of the current construction labor market and land supply.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the tightness of the current construction labor market and land supply\nEffect: we don't think the company is able to negotiate meaningful long-term price concessions\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "82f9b3bb"
    },
    {
      "context": "Whether its big-box retailers or small-format outlets like convenience stores, the thin margins and technological disruption that have defined this industry will continue to drive an appetite for increased scale and resources. This reality could cause the axes of negotiation (regarding price increases, shelf sets, and the like) to tilt more toward National Beverage's retail partners.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Whether its big-box retailers or small-format outlets like convenience stores, the thin margins and technological disruption that have defined this industry will continue to drive an appetite for increased scale and resources\nEffect: the axes of negotiation (regarding price increases, shelf sets, and the like) to tilt more toward National Beverage's retail partners\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "f9d51e6d"
    },
    {
      "context": "Contrary to other publications, digital journal products are often priced at a premium to their print counterparts, as searchability is an especially valued, critical upgrade from a physical copy.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: searchability is an especially valued, critical upgrade from a physical copy\nEffect: digital journal products are often priced at a premium to their print counterparts\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "48122388"
    },
    {
      "context": "We do not see this as an immediate threat to the business but are mindful of longer-term lower refined product demand as we expect gasoline demand to decline in the years ahead.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: we expect gasoline demand to decline in the years ahead\nEffect: We do not see this as an immediate threat to the business but are mindful of longer-term lower refined product demand\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "133e6901"
    },
    {
      "context": "The contractor bears the financial risk of cost overruns for these programs, so a poorly executed development would financially strain L3Harris.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: these programs, so a poorly executed development would financially strain L3Harris\nEffect: The contractor bears the financial risk of cost overruns\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "7c870cf6"
    },
    {
      "context": "Wesco is an important channel partner for thousands of suppliers, and we think its large and expanding customer base and ability to outgrow its end markets strengthens its standing with its suppliers.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: its large and expanding customer base and ability to outgrow its end markets\nEffect: strengthens its standing with its suppliers.\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "f9491b09"
    },
    {
      "context": "As such, we model organic revenue growth of 4.5% for the remainder of our explicit forecast period, rising from 4.3% in 2021 to 4.7% by 2024. This is predicated on continuing strong growth in areas such as risk and business analytics, in addition to improved growth in the STEM division as the mix effect improves the growth profile from the 2% level we have witnessed for almost a decade now.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: continuing strong growth in areas such as risk and business analytics, in addition to improved growth in the STEM division as the mix effect improves the growth profile from the 2% level we have witnessed for almost a decade now\nEffect: we model organic revenue growth of 4.5% for the remainder of our explicit forecast period, rising from 4.3% in 2021 to 4.7% by 2024\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "e80c34bc"
    },
    {
      "context": "The firm's unique ability to control costs gives it the highest operating margins of its peer group and allows it to quickly bring its numerous acquisitions up to firmwide profitability.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: The firm's unique ability to control costs\nEffect: gives it the highest operating margins of its peer group and allows it to quickly bring its numerous acquisitions up to firmwide profitability\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "d64a21cc"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe Nice benefits from switching costs on this front as increasingly efficient processes improve an agent's ability to resolve issues for customers in a timely manner, which makes customers more likely to stay with the company.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: increasingly efficient processes improve an agent's ability to resolve issues for customers in a timely manner\nEffect: Nice benefits from switching costs on this front\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "676ab2fe"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe Nice benefits from switching costs on this front as increasingly efficient processes improve an agent's ability to resolve issues for customers in a timely manner, which makes customers more likely to stay with the company.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: increasingly efficient processes improve an agent's ability to resolve issues for customers in a timely manner\nEffect: makes customers more likely to stay with the company\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "bca0879e"
    },
    {
      "context": "Low natural gas prices and intensifying EPA regulations have put a material portion of the domestic utility coal franchise at risk of disappearing over the long run.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Low natural gas prices and intensifying EPA regulations\nEffect: put a material portion of the domestic utility coal franchise at risk of disappearing over the long run\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "d12a512b"
    },
    {
      "context": "While a cursory analysis of West's design service may lead one to conclude customers could feasibly in-source design and cut out the middleman, West often provides services that smaller customers are unable to do themselves, for cost reasons and/or lack of expertise.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: a cursory analysis of West's design service\nEffect: conclude customers could feasibly in-source design and cut out the middleman\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "97bc72ec"
    },
    {
      "context": "While a cursory analysis of West's design service may lead one to conclude customers could feasibly in-source design and cut out the middleman, West often provides services that smaller customers are unable to do themselves, for cost reasons and/or lack of expertise.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: cost reasons and/or lack of expertise\nEffect: West often provides services that smaller customers are unable to do themselves\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "ead6fc27"
    },
    {
      "context": "In our view, Teleflex's Hem-O-Lock system has some trace switching costs because of the exclusivity agreement with the da Vinci surgical system, a robotic system made by Intuitive Surgical that is used for a wide range of surgical procedures, including prostatectomies, cardiac repair, and gynecologic procedures.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the exclusivity agreement with the da Vinci surgical system\nEffect: Teleflex's Hem-O-Lock system has some trace switching costs\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "d9825004"
    },
    {
      "context": "NXP, in turn, benefits from the reliable sales from this sticky customer base, which further enable ongoing research investment in future areas of significant content growth and add to the firm's intangible assets.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the reliable sales from this sticky customer base\nEffect: further enable ongoing research investment in future areas of significant content growth and add to the firm's intangible assets\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "b8ca184b"
    },
    {
      "context": "Following several recent cost-savings plans, we believe the low-hanging fruit has been picked, but Altria does have some plants it could close (it has separate smokeless manufacturing facilities, for example) for future rounds of manufacturing consolidation.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: cost-savings plans\nEffect: the low-hanging fruit has been picked\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "1424f4d0"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe this underinvestment has limited consumers' awareness of the firm's brands and manifests itself in lackluster brand equity and pricing power.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: underinvestment\nEffect: limited consumers' awareness of the firm's brands and manifests itself in lackluster brand equity and pricing power\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "a669f012"
    },
    {
      "context": "This gives the bank scale and exposure to this higher-margin, fee-based business, which we don't think will change in the near term as the banks still have the most dominant branch and distribution networks.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the banks still have the most dominant branch and distribution networks\nEffect: we don't think will change in the near term\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "c311850d"
    },
    {
      "context": "Keurig has the broadest assortment of flavor, style, and product offerings (it even includes tea and cocoa), due to its partner ecosystem, and this is often cited by consumers as their primary reason for purchasing Keurig brewers or other systems that are K-cup compatible. This gives rise to a kind of network advantage that makes it more difficult for fledgling systems to gain penetration.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Keurig has the broadest assortment of flavor, style, and product offerings (it even includes tea and cocoa), due to its partner ecosystem, and this is often cited by consumers as their primary reason for purchasing Keurig brewers or other systems that are K-cup compatible\nEffect: a kind of network advantage that makes it more difficult for fledgling systems to gain penetration\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "cbd119d8"
    },
    {
      "context": "However, the comparison is not entirely apples-to-apples, as the competitors primarily participate in the natural, organics, and prescription pet food channel.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: as the competitors primarily participate in the natural, organics, and prescription pet food channel\nEffect: the comparison is not entirely apples-to-apples\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "8b5d313e"
    },
    {
      "context": "The addition of Cobalt, Pursuit, and Maverick within the last five years has provided robust sales growth for the firm (averaging 26%), thanks to a strategy based on fit and the ability to raise shareholder value.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: a strategy based on fit and the ability to raise shareholder value\nEffect: The addition of Cobalt, Pursuit, and Maverick within the last five years has provided robust sales growth for the firm (averaging 26%)\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "957f393c"
    },
    {
      "context": "In addition, of HD Supply's businesses, C&amp;I has the least amount of capital deployed (due to limited goodwill) which supports better returns on invested capital.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: C&amp;I has the least amount of capital deployed (due to limited goodwill)\nEffect: better returns on invested capital\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "6c8ff1d6"
    },
    {
      "context": "Nordson generates a healthy stream of recurring revenue tied to its large installed base, as nearly half of its sales (47% in fiscal 2018) are generated from aftermarket parts and consumables.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: nearly half of its sales (47% in fiscal 2018) are generated from aftermarket parts and consumables\nEffect: Nordson generates a healthy stream of recurring revenue tied to its large installed base\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "4e2fcf24"
    },
    {
      "context": "EDU expects year-over-year margin improvement in fourth-quarter fiscal 2021 amid scattered COVID-19 incidents in China, given that EDU expect smaller players may exit the market post-OVID-19, which gives EDU more opportunities to increase its market share.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: COVID-19 incidents in China\nEffect: EDU expects year-over-year margin improvement in fourth-quarter fiscal 2021\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "8797fde6"
    },
    {
      "context": "EDU expects year-over-year margin improvement in fourth-quarter fiscal 2021 amid scattered COVID-19 incidents in China, given that EDU expect smaller players may exit the market post-OVID-19, which gives EDU more opportunities to increase its market share.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: EDU expect smaller players may exit the market post-OVID-19\nEffect: EDU more opportunities to increase its market share\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "6af0911e"
    },
    {
      "context": "Additionally, we think air cargo growth will be the biggest driver for JBT's airport equipment, along with general infrastructure spending.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: air cargo growth\nEffect: JBT's airport equipment\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "223c59ca"
    },
    {
      "context": "Worsening credit behavior and anemic growth, a natural consequence of worsening sentiment, could see the bank earn returns below its cost of capital in the near term, as they did in the third quarter of 2020.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: worsening sentiment\nEffect: Worsening credit behavior and anemic growth\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "2e0b2fdd"
    },
    {
      "context": "With the more recent acquisitions of workflow solutions provider MModal and negative wound care solutions provider Acelity, we believe the firm can capitalize on the stable and ever-growing healthcare market.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the more recent acquisitions of workflow solutions provider MModal and negative wound care solutions provider Acelity,\nEffect: the firm can capitalize on the stable and ever-growing healthcare market\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "d65334ca"
    },
    {
      "context": "The company sells products through digital channels in more than 50 countries and, aided by the pandemic, its e-commerce increased 53% to about EUR 4.2 billion in 2020 from just EUR 200 million in 2012.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the pandemic\nEffect: its e-commerce increased 53% to about EUR 4.2 billion in 2020 from just EUR 200 million in 2012\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "f241f91c"
    },
    {
      "context": "DuPont is also exposed to the electrification of vehicles as the company generates over 50% more revenue per vehicle for an electric vehicle versus an internal combustion engine vehicle.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the company generates over 50% more revenue per vehicle for an electric vehicle versus an internal combustion engine vehicle\nEffect: DuPont is also exposed to the electrification of vehicles\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "cdfb598c"
    },
    {
      "context": "Owing to the pressures affecting the asset management industry, the unknown length of this mergers and acquisitions cycle, currency fluctuations, and potential change in over-a-cycle managing director productivity, we assign a high uncertainty rating to our fair value estimate for Lazard.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: the pressures affecting the asset management industry\nEffect: assign a high uncertainty rating to our fair value estimate for Lazard\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "265f77a2"
    },
    {
      "context": "We think Telus' fiber to the premises, or FTTP, network upgrade over most of its footprint will lead to higher pricing and market share gains.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Telus' fiber to the premises, or FTTP, network upgrade over most of its footprint\nEffect: higher pricing and market share gains\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "8880b46f"
    },
    {
      "context": "Moreover, Stryker management has demonstrated an acute understanding of new opportunities for medtech competitors that have arisen thanks to the shift toward value-based reimbursement that has put pressure on providers.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the shift toward value-based reimbursement that has put pressure on providers\nEffect: Stryker management has demonstrated an acute understanding of new opportunities for medtech competitors that have arisen\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "b0a7f46f"
    },
    {
      "context": "We think that Accenture derives excess returns from reputation as an intangible asset, as unlike traditional advertising projects, digital work means more uncertainty for customers, so they might again turn to best-in-breed providers like Accenture.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: digital work means more uncertainty for customers\nEffect: they might again turn to best-in-breed providers like Accenture\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "ef74ff69"
    },
    {
      "context": "Furthermore, a lack of financial flexibility limited the company's ability to respond to consumers' changing desires, resulting in declining sales as low-carb diets and clean eating movements swept the nation.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: a lack of financial flexibility\nEffect: the company's ability to respond to consumers' changing desires\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "1540cb8e"
    },
    {
      "context": "Furthermore, a lack of financial flexibility limited the company's ability to respond to consumers' changing desires, resulting in declining sales as low-carb diets and clean eating movements swept the nation.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: a lack of financial flexibility\nEffect: declining sales as low-carb diets and clean eating movements swept the nation\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "365e29a6"
    },
    {
      "context": "Xylem's risk is somewhat mitigated by its large installed base, as almost half of the company's revenue is recurring, driven by aftermarket service and part replacement in the water infrastructure and applied water segments as well as long-term customer contracts in the measurement and control solutions segment.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: its large installed base\nEffect: Xylem's risk is somewhat mitigated\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "6fb8add1"
    },
    {
      "context": "Xylem's risk is somewhat mitigated by its large installed base, as almost half of the company's revenue is recurring, driven by aftermarket service and part replacement in the water infrastructure and applied water segments as well as long-term customer contracts in the measurement and control solutions segment.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: aftermarket service and part replacement in the water infrastructure and applied water segments as well as long-term customer contracts in the measurement and control solutions segment\nEffect: almost half of the company's revenue is recurring\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "5a757db8"
    },
    {
      "context": "Xylem's risk is somewhat mitigated by its large installed base, as almost half of the company's revenue is recurring, driven by aftermarket service and part replacement in the water infrastructure and applied water segments as well as long-term customer contracts in the measurement and control solutions segment.",
      "question": "2 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: almost half of the company's revenue is recurring\nEffect: Xylem's risk is somewhat mitigated\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "325d5956"
    },
    {
      "context": "Therefore, it could be argued that PNC has developed some amount of cost advantage due to its underwriting prowess, but we believe the bank's lack of advantage for deposits and operational efficiency outweigh this.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: its underwriting prowess\nEffect: PNC has developed some amount of cost advantage\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "2a15f985"
    },
    {
      "context": "Over time, gross margins could reach 38% as volume increases and negotiating leverage improve occupancy costs, while ongoing industry competitiveness constrains pricing power.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: ongoing industry competitiveness\nEffect: pricing power\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "21b9ce3c"
    },
    {
      "context": "Over time, gross margins could reach 38% as volume increases and negotiating leverage improve occupancy costs, while ongoing industry competitiveness constrains pricing power.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: volume increases and negotiating leverage\nEffect: improve occupancy costs\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "73b71b48"
    },
    {
      "context": "Over time, gross margins could reach 38% as volume increases and negotiating leverage improve occupancy costs, while ongoing industry competitiveness constrains pricing power.",
      "question": "2 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: volume increases and negotiating leverage improve occupancy costs, while ongoing industry competitiveness constrains pricing power\nEffect: gross margins could reach 38%\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "6ef3267a"
    },
    {
      "context": "Additionally, the addition of professional sports to the region stands to drive incremental demand, which makes the allure of Wynn's various Vegas projects currently under development (convention center and future construction on 38 acres across from Wynn Las Vegas that was purchased in December 2017) that much more attractive.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the addition of professional sports to the region stands to drive incremental demand\nEffect: makes the allure of Wynn's various Vegas projects currently under development (convention center and future construction on 38 acres across from Wynn Las Vegas that was purchased in December 2017) that much more attractive\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "fe4c465a"
    },
    {
      "context": "Competitive risks relate to the large numbers of players planning to enter the liquid biopsy space, with the number of peers likely to grow over time as liquid biopsy cancer screening becomes the norm.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: liquid biopsy cancer screening becomes the norm.\nEffect: the number of peers likely to grow over time\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "df425868"
    },
    {
      "context": "We're raising our fair value estimate for Monster to $73 from $67, largely due to time value after rolling our model to 2021, as well as near-term sales momentum as the top line continues to belie any disruption from COVID-19.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: time value after rolling our model to 2021, as well as near-term sales momentum\nEffect: We're raising our fair value estimate for Monster to $73 from $67\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "8085c4f0"
    },
    {
      "context": "We're raising our fair value estimate for Monster to $73 from $67, largely due to time value after rolling our model to 2021, as well as near-term sales momentum as the top line continues to belie any disruption from COVID-19.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the top line continues to belie any disruption from COVID-19\nEffect: near-term sales momentum\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "20a5f781"
    },
    {
      "context": "Cost leverage from modest growth at the Dollar Tree banner and the benefit of store construction and remodelings should lead adjusted operating margin to a level near fiscal 2020's 7.4% mark despite rising competition.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Cost leverage from modest growth at the Dollar Tree banner and the benefit of store construction and remodelings\nEffect: lead adjusted operating margin to a level near fiscal 2020's 7.4% mark despite rising competition\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "42a2d9e7"
    },
    {
      "context": "Though scale and regulatory expertise create barriers to entry, new or existing competitors could take share as the banking industry digitizes and becomes more and more a technology focused industry.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the banking industry digitizes and becomes more and more a technology focused industry\nEffect: new or existing competitors could take share\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "7881d7f3"
    },
    {
      "context": "Compared with competitors like Zillow, Redfin has a potential advantage in iBuying because it has its own sellers' agents and buyers' agents given its status as a brokerage.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: it has its own sellers' agents and buyers' agents\nEffect: Redfin has a potential advantage in iBuying\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "ae119717"
    },
    {
      "context": "Compared with competitors like Zillow, Redfin has a potential advantage in iBuying because it has its own sellers' agents and buyers' agents given its status as a brokerage.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: its status as a brokerage\nEffect: it has its own sellers' agents and buyers' agents\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "efddcd3c"
    },
    {
      "context": "As contracts for defense hardware essentially grant a monopoly on the product, we also see some modest switching costs stemming from a lack of viable alternatives, but this is partially mitigated by the government's right to license patents to third parties.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: ontracts for defense hardware essentially grant a monopoly on the product\nEffect: we also see some modest switching costs stemming from a lack of viable alternatives\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "851b7b49"
    },
    {
      "context": "Cogent's IRUs have an average remaining life of around 20 years and come from over 200 different network suppliers. As a result, Cogent's capital spending now consists primarily of maintenance costs and equipment upgrades, and its capital intensity is materially lower than competitors.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Cogent's IRUs have an average remaining life of around 20 years and come from over 200 different network suppliers\nEffect: Cogent's capital spending now consists primarily of maintenance costs and equipment upgrades, and its capital intensity is materially lower than competitors\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "e6235f30"
    },
    {
      "context": "An increase in downloads of ad-blocking software and applications poses a real threat to ad revenue generated by Criteo.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: An increase in downloads of ad-blocking software and applications\nEffect: a real threat to ad revenue generated by Criteo\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "088690eb"
    },
    {
      "context": "The company has exposure to emission regulation, but we think the company is investing to position itself to win in a zero-emission world.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the company is investing\nEffect: position itself to win in a zero-emission world\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "4ee13ce5"
    },
    {
      "context": "Cisco's DevNet does have over 500,000 registered members now; this may cause minimal network effects as solutions are being created and shared by external developers, but we have not seen widespread product adoption due to network effects at this point.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: minimal network effects as solutions are being created and shared by external developers\nEffect: Cisco's DevNet does have over 500,000 registered members now\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "f1052150"
    },
    {
      "context": "This segment's growth is closely tied to the legalization of cannabis in the U.S., as its products are frequently used by licensed growers.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the legalization of cannabis in the U.S.\nEffect: This segment's growth\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "e100c158"
    },
    {
      "context": "Rapid part availability, location convenience, and in-store services (in the DIY segment) carry significant weight with purchasers, but as such benefits are costly to deliver, scaled retailers are at an advantage as they can spread service costs (as well as inventory holding expenses) over a large sales base.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: such benefits are costly to deliver\nEffect: scaled retailers are at an advantage\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "5664ad41"
    },
    {
      "context": "Rapid part availability, location convenience, and in-store services (in the DIY segment) carry significant weight with purchasers, but as such benefits are costly to deliver, scaled retailers are at an advantage as they can spread service costs (as well as inventory holding expenses) over a large sales base.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: they can spread service costs (as well as inventory holding expenses) over a large sales base\nEffect: such benefits are costly to deliver, scaled retailers are at an advantage\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "75e6f60e"
    },
    {
      "context": "There have been times when poor governance did lead to material value destruction, but we see the risks of a repeat of something like the financial crisis as minimal today.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: poor governance\nEffect: material value destruction\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "77b26c21"
    },
    {
      "context": "In this scenario, we assume Natwest's banking net interest margin declines in the short term as pricing pressures in mortgages persist and interest rates remain close to zero.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: pricing pressures in mortgages persist and interest rates remain close to zero\nEffect: Natwest's banking net interest margin declines in the short term\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "f5f82802"
    },
    {
      "context": "Furthermore, customers loathe changing identity cybersecurity vendors due to criticality of ensuring internal and external users can readily access only what they need.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: criticality of ensuring internal and external users can readily access only what they need\nEffect: customers loathe changing identity cybersecurity vendors\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "169b8d4f"
    },
    {
      "context": "The decision to merge with O2 will create the second integrated wireless and fixed-line player in the U.K., which should benefit Virgin's strategic position.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: The decision to merge with O2 will create the second integrated wireless and fixed-line player in the U.K\nEffect: benefit Virgin's strategic position\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "50fb9bdb"
    },
    {
      "context": "NetApp aims to alleviate challenges associated with shifting data to public clouds via its hyperscale cloud provider and colocation data center partnerships.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: its hyperscale cloud provider and colocation data center partnerships\nEffect: alleviate challenges associated with shifting data to public clouds\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "fc6ca231"
    },
    {
      "context": "IUD market and discourage potential entrants because, once the costs of manufacturing, clinical trials, and marketing are tallied, they will be prohibitive to another market entrant in this niche space.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: once the costs of manufacturing, clinical trials, and marketing are tallied, they will be prohibitive to another market entrant in this niche space\nEffect: IUD market and discourage potential entrants\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "44f1e1d6"
    },
    {
      "context": "Third, we don't believe the firm is large enough to have amassed negotiating leverage with suppliers and vendors, whether purchasing goods (raw materials, packaging) or services (distribution, advertising).",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: purchasing goods (raw materials, packaging) or services (distribution, advertising)\nEffect: the firm is large enough to have amassed negotiating leverage with suppliers and vendors\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "bf5bab84"
    },
    {
      "context": "Additionally, we also expect industrial markets to recover, which we think will boost freight demand for fleet owners, leading to higher revenue for CNH Industrial.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: industrial markets to recover\nEffect: boost freight demand for fleet owners, leading to higher revenue for CNH Industrial\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "e7b0502a"
    },
    {
      "context": "Even so, we think Sysco's solid balance sheet, significant new business wins, channel diversity, customers' widespread adoption of carryout, and the eventual containment of the coronavirus (most likely after a 2021 vaccine), will return Sysco's revenue to the prepandemic level by fiscal 2023.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Sysco's solid balance sheet, significant new business wins, channel diversity, customers' widespread adoption of carryout, and the eventual containment of the coronavirus (most likely after a 2021 vaccine)\nEffect: return Sysco's revenue to the prepandemic level by fiscal 2023\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "b23cd0fe"
    },
    {
      "context": "Our outlook for Tegsedi/TTR-LRx in ATTR amyloidosis is relatively bearish, given the cleaner safety profile for Alnylam's drug Onpattro (patisiran) and next-generation competition also in development at Alnylam.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the cleaner safety profile for Alnylam's drug Onpattro (patisiran) and next-generation competition also in development at Alnylam\nEffect: Tegsedi/TTR-LRx in ATTR amyloidosis is relatively bearish\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "0b4c045e"
    },
    {
      "context": "Small private jets drove much of the volume in 2020, which we think is a function of pandemic-induced demand while consumers avoided airlines, and we do not think demand for small aircraft has structurally increased.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: a function of pandemic-induced demand\nEffect: Small private jets drove much of the volume in 2020\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "e5d6f6b3"
    },
    {
      "context": "Its operating income (excluding charges) dropped more than $1.5 billion between 2014 and 2019 (to $1.2 billion from $2.8 billion) on store closures, declining sales, and increased expenses.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: on store closures, declining sales, and increased expenses\nEffect: operating income (excluding charges) dropped more than $1.5 billion\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "59422bb1"
    },
    {
      "context": "We also consider the fee structure to be poor, since we expect a majority of Targa's contracts are percentage of proceeds, or POP, exposing Targa to commodity price risk.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: a majority of Targa's contracts are percentage of proceeds\nEffect: exposing Targa to commodity price risk\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "249efaa4"
    },
    {
      "context": "We also consider the fee structure to be poor, since we expect a majority of Targa's contracts are percentage of proceeds, or POP, exposing Targa to commodity price risk.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: exposing Targa to commodity price risk\nEffect: the fee structure to be poor\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "ef9bf499"
    },
    {
      "context": "About half of these savings are expected to ensue from the firm's loss-making international operations, partly as it works to improve capital utilization outside the U.S., which has stood at a mere 40%--far below the 65% of its U.S.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: it works to improve capital utilization outside the U.S., which has stood at a mere 40%--far below the 65% of its U.S\nEffect: About half of these savings are expected to ensue from the firm's loss-making international operations\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "4ca633f7"
    },
    {
      "context": "We model advertising costs as a percentage of revenue to average 46.2% annually over the next 10 years versus the 43.1% and 48.6% levels reported in 2019 and over the past three years, respectively.  As a result of our revenue and expense forecasts, we see operating margins expanding to 23% in 10 years from 12.0% in 2019.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: operating margins expanding to 23% in 10 years from 12.0% in 2019\nEffect: costs as a percentage of revenue to average 46.2% annually over the next 10 years versus the 43.1% and 48.6% levels reported in 2019 and over the past three years, respectively\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "b4f25e5a"
    },
    {
      "context": "The truck is a symbol of the freedom and independence of the job, which leads drivers to take significant pride in their rigs.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: The truck is a symbol of the freedom and independence of the job\nEffect: leads drivers to take significant pride in their rigs\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "6b62b7be"
    },
    {
      "context": "Other product innovations include a patented underground fueling system made from prefabricated, factory-assembled components, which results in reduced labor costs and increased leak prevention.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Other product innovations include a patented underground fueling system made from prefabricated, factory-assembled components\nEffect: reduced labor costs and increased leak prevention\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "04dfb9f9"
    },
    {
      "context": "For the core teleheatlh services, we believe the company is likely to retain its first-mover advantage and scale by penetrating members of existing customers (incremental 75 million) in addition to adding members of new clients under new logos (roughly 190 million).",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: penetrating members of existing customers (incremental 75 million) in addition to adding members of new clients under new logos (roughly 190 million)\nEffect: retain its first-mover advantage and scale\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "6641654b"
    },
    {
      "context": "Though we do not expect specific ESG risks to materially affect Alcon, product governance failures leading to poor health outcomes could have a significant impact on Alcon's financial results.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: product governance failures\nEffect: poor health outcomes\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "11b0a5b7"
    },
    {
      "context": "Though we do not expect specific ESG risks to materially affect Alcon, product governance failures leading to poor health outcomes could have a significant impact on Alcon's financial results.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: product governance failures leading to poor health outcomes\nEffect: have a significant impact on Alcon's financial results\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "c0145fb6"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe the benefit Posco enjoys from its investments in upstream assets relative to pure-play steel mills will be eroded in the longer term, owing to our expectations of lower midcycle iron ore and coking coal prices as China's demand growth for steel matures.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: China's demand growth for steel matures\nEffect: benefit Posco enjoys from its investments in upstream assets relative to pure-play steel mills will be eroded\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "046863a7"
    },
    {
      "context": "Economic profitability may be at risk if oil, steel, and copper prices return to highs experienced during periods of relatively high global economic expansion.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: oil, steel, and copper prices return to highs experienced during periods of relatively high global economic expansion\nEffect: Economic profitability may be at risk\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "23eedc9b"
    },
    {
      "context": "Horton's home sales gross profit margin will trend down over the next few years as price appreciation moderates with little relief in labor and land costs.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: price appreciation moderates with little relief in labor and land costs\nEffect: Horton's home sales gross profit margin will trend down over the next few years\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "71b83f63"
    },
    {
      "context": "The company's focus on creating connected devices, which remotely monitors the patient's usage and breathing performance, entrenches ResMed as a preferred device provider with all three users of the data: patients, the medical practitioner and the payer.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: The company's focus on creating connected devices, which remotely monitors the patient's usage and breathing performance\nEffect: entrenches ResMed as a preferred device\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "6ab622bf"
    },
    {
      "context": "Based on the average volatility of cash flows from a diverse product portfolio in relatively less discretionary therapeutic markets, we rate Medtronic's uncertainty as medium.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Based on the average volatility of cash flows from a diverse product portfolio in relatively less discretionary therapeutic market\nEffect: we rate Medtronic's uncertainty as medium\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "b3634d47"
    },
    {
      "context": "We estimate reported revenue growth in 2021 at around negative 3.5%, as a result of a large decline in Myanmar revenue due to the military coup and network restrictions implemented in the country.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: a large decline in Myanmar revenue due to the military coup and network restrictions implemented in the country\nEffect: revenue growth in 2021 at around negative 3.5%\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "c01946d1"
    },
    {
      "context": "Therefore, continued deceleration in subscriptions, or growth that does not materialize as expected in PaaS or emerging products would likely have an adverse impact on the stock in our view.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: continued deceleration in subscriptions, or growth that does not materialize as expected in PaaS or emerging products\nEffect: an adverse impact on the stock\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "fa631755"
    },
    {
      "context": "Predatory or discriminatory lending practices are examples of poor product governance, and this can affect certain banks at times.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: Predatory or discriminatory lending practices are examples of poor product governance\nEffect: affect certain banks at times\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "a2e7c40d"
    },
    {
      "context": "In addition to brand recognition and distribution, companies in this industry also benefit from scarcity value, which manifests as a result of the consumer perception surrounding the aging of this type of alcohol, and the pricing power that this begets.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the consumer perception surrounding the aging of this type of alcohol, and the pricing power that this begets\nEffect: scarcity value\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "5df9cba0"
    },
    {
      "context": "The benefits of fixed-cost leverage and the difficulty of providing a differentiated wireless offering create an efficient scale advantage in the wireless industry.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: The benefits of fixed-cost leverage and the difficulty of providing a differentiated wireless offering\nEffect: efficient scale advantage in the wireless industry\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "b8897368"
    },
    {
      "context": "We project that TV ad revenue will continue to decline on a secular basis due to the ongoing shift to digital ads, but the network will benefit from the 2020 and 2024 presidential elections along with the 2022 midterm elections, leading to flat advertising revenue over fiscal 2020-25.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the ongoing shift to digital ads\nEffect: TV ad revenue will continue to decline on a secular basis\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "ba08cd06"
    },
    {
      "context": "We project that TV ad revenue will continue to decline on a secular basis due to the ongoing shift to digital ads, but the network will benefit from the 2020 and 2024 presidential elections along with the 2022 midterm elections, leading to flat advertising revenue over fiscal 2020-25.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the network will benefit from the 2020 and 2024 presidential elections along with the 2022 midterm elections\nEffect: flat advertising revenue over fiscal 2020-25\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "3fdca98d"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect truck brokerage growth to ease in 2022 as the TL capacity cruch eases and pricing normalizes, but we are nonetheless lifting our revenue run rate forecast given solid market share gains this year.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the TL capacity cruch eases and pricing normalizes\nEffect: truck brokerage growth to ease\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "27e9eb70"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect truck brokerage growth to ease in 2022 as the TL capacity cruch eases and pricing normalizes, but we are nonetheless lifting our revenue run rate forecast given solid market share gains this year.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: solid market share gains\nEffect: lifting our revenue run rate forecast\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "cd1a434e"
    },
    {
      "context": "With top-line growth expected to be mixed during our forecast period, as the company deals with the effects of industry-driven fee compression, the net result is a 4.2% compound annual growth rate for revenue during 2021-25 (up from 1.3% previously).",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the company deals with the effects of industry-driven fee compression\nEffect: top-line growth expected to be mixed during our forecast period\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "f8ee076f"
    },
    {
      "context": "With top-line growth expected to be mixed during our forecast period, as the company deals with the effects of industry-driven fee compression, the net result is a 4.2% compound annual growth rate for revenue during 2021-25 (up from 1.3% previously).",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the company deals with the effects of industry-driven fee compression\nEffect: the net result is a 4.2% compound annual growth rate for revenue during 2021-25 (up from 1.3% previously)\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "b0e05c5d"
    },
    {
      "context": "Additionally, the barriers to entry are very low in most markets, and economic profits will attract more developers to build competing properties.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the barriers to entry are very low in most markets, and economic profits\nEffect: more developers to build competing properties\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "dc41ae7a"
    },
    {
      "context": "Caesars' casino property portfolio has grown to around 50 properties from just 4 in 2014, as the company has excelled at identifying and integrating acquisitions that generate both strategic and economic value for shareholders.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: he company has excelled at identifying and integrating acquisitions\nEffect: generate both strategic and economic value for shareholders\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "87f5e7f0"
    },
    {
      "context": "Similar to several other large incumbents, Hub's network of over-the-road carriers is highly valuable to shippers throughout the cycle, partly because the truckload market capacity base comprises very small carriers and also due to structural constraints on driver availability.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the truckload market capacity base comprises very small carriers and also due to structural constraints on driver availability\nEffect: Hub's network of over-the-road carriers is highly valuable to shippers throughout the cycle\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "3aa88353"
    },
    {
      "context": "Third, we'd characterize the incremental fee opportunities from refined product storage terminals and butane blending as low risk and attractive, given the lack of volatility in Magellan's end markets.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the lack of volatility in Magellan's end markets\nEffect: the incremental fee opportunities from refined product storage terminals and butane blending as low risk and attractiv\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "4a8027b1"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect JPMorgan to achieve a sub-55% efficiency ratio by the end of our forecast as the company benefits from a higher rate environment, additional fee revenue falling to the bottom line, as well as continued expense management efforts.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: as the company benefits from a higher rate environment, additional fee revenue falling to the bottom line, as well as continued expense management efforts\nEffect: We expect JPMorgan to achieve a sub-55% efficiency ratio by the end of our forecast\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "d84277b8"
    },
    {
      "context": "With its dominant share at home, leading brands, and sufficient resources, we believe Hershey is a critical partner for retailers that are reluctant to risk out-of-stocks with unproven suppliers, supporting the intangible asset source of its wide moat. As such, we expect the firm's returns on invested capital to remain above its cost of capital, even under a more bearish outlook, over the next 20 years.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: With its dominant share at home, leading brands, and sufficient resources, we believe Hershey is a critical partner for retailers that are reluctant to risk out-of-stocks with unproven suppliers, supporting the intangible asset source of its wide moat\nEffect: the firm's returns on invested capital to remain above its cost of capital, even under a more bearish outlook, over the next 20 years\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "d4026f37"
    },
    {
      "context": "Today, farmers are more confident in the demand outlook, as trade tensions have eased, and weather has generally not been an issue.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: trade tensions have eased, and weather has generally not been an issue\nEffect: farmers are more confident in the demand outlook\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "01f68dfc"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe that the benefit of high-margin retransmission revenue will be offset by increased reverse compensation demands from the national broadcasters. As a result, we project that the average operating margin will fall to 18%, below the current three-year historical average of 22%.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the benefit of high-margin retransmission revenue will be offset by increased reverse compensation demands from the national broadcasters\nEffect: the average operating margin will fall to 18%, below the current three-year historical average of 22%\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "9cb53876"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect a rebound in 2021 on the refined product demand side, boosting distributable cash flow to about $1.12 billion.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: We expect a rebound in 2021 on the refined product demand side\nEffect: boosting distributable cash flow to about $1.12 billion\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "b2a701e2"
    },
    {
      "context": "Finally, China's consumers typically have greater brand recognition than many of their peers in developed nations, and we believe this bodes well for Yum China, given that these consumers grew up during KFC's and Pizza Hut's expansion phases in the region.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: these consumers grew up during KFC's and Pizza Hut's expansion phases in the region\nEffect: China's consumers typically have greater brand recognition than many of their peers in developed nations, and we believe this bodes well for Yum China\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "8c98513b"
    },
    {
      "context": "Meanwhile, recently announced capital spending and operating cost reductions, combined with the company's low debt and cash balance, should keep the dividend safe.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: capital spending and operating cost reductions, combined with the company's low debt and cash balance\nEffect: keep the dividend safe\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "ed54bd78"
    },
    {
      "context": "Annual contractual price reductions for OEM customers are an auto industry norm, so BorgWarner has to aggressively employ kaizen, kanban, and Six Sigma lean manufacturing programs to advance cost savings.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Annual contractual price reductions for OEM customers are an auto industry norm\nEffect: BorgWarner has to aggressively employ kaizen, kanban, and Six Sigma lean manufacturing programs to advance cost savings\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "e48dac40"
    },
    {
      "context": "We attribute the irrational pricing of loans in Italy to the competitive environment, the ownership structure of Italian banks, and political influence.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the competitive environment, the ownership structure of Italian banks, and political influence\nEffect: the irrational pricing of loans in Italy\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "437c55b5"
    },
    {
      "context": "But the ongoing fluidity of coronavirus has made deployment efforts difficult, as most ships remain in layup and others that redeploy could be forced to book within an extremely short booking window, hindering pricing power.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the ongoing fluidity of coronavirus\nEffect: most ships remain in layup and others that redeploy could be forced to book within an extremely short booking window, hindering pricing power\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "8d5769c5"
    },
    {
      "context": "But the ongoing fluidity of coronavirus has made deployment efforts difficult, as most ships remain in layup and others that redeploy could be forced to book within an extremely short booking window, hindering pricing power.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: most ships remain in layup and others that redeploy could be forced to book within an extremely short booking window, hindering pricing power\nEffect: deployment efforts difficult\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "ccb75a70"
    },
    {
      "context": "Online sales have skyrocketed, validating Target's digital strategy (using stores as omnichannel fulfillment hubs) but complicating execution and adding cost pressure that could linger after cost leverage abates once sales normalize.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Online sales have skyrocketed\nEffect: validating Target's digital strategy\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "7ac1edd6"
    },
    {
      "context": "Online sales have skyrocketed, validating Target's digital strategy (using stores as omnichannel fulfillment hubs) but complicating execution and adding cost pressure that could linger after cost leverage abates once sales normalize.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: complicating execution\nEffect: linger after cost leverage abates\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "e87bd7c3"
    },
    {
      "context": "Online sales have skyrocketed, validating Target's digital strategy (using stores as omnichannel fulfillment hubs) but complicating execution and adding cost pressure that could linger after cost leverage abates once sales normalize.",
      "question": "2 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: adding cost pressure\nEffect: linger after cost leverage abates\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "2fc355f6"
    },
    {
      "context": "Online sales have skyrocketed, validating Target's digital strategy (using stores as omnichannel fulfillment hubs) but complicating execution and adding cost pressure that could linger after cost leverage abates once sales normalize.",
      "question": "3 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: sales normalize\nEffect: linger after cost leverage abates\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "1a50fb08"
    },
    {
      "context": "Also, although Knight's cost execution is quite strong, limited driver availability is placing upward pressure on driver wages and recruiting costs.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: limited driver availability\nEffect: placing upward pressure on driver wages and recruiting costs\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "ebebb207"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect core usage to decline 1.5% annually, with recovery in volumes in 2021 after a decline in volumes in 2020 due mostly to pandemic headwinds.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: pandemic headwinds\nEffect: a decline in volumes in 2020\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "0b48d4c6"
    },
    {
      "context": "Management's objective is to increase revenue to just under EUR 5.0 billion in 2021, but this target will likely be lowered owing to the COVID-19 outbreak.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the COVID-19 outbreak\nEffect: this target will likely be lowered\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "dcab9444"
    },
    {
      "context": "The strong intangible brand asset led to worldwide Barbie sales rising 19%, Hot Wheels increasing 13%, and American Girl higher by 12%.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: The strong intangible brand asset\nEffect: worldwide Barbie sales rising 19%, Hot Wheels increasing 13%, and American Girl higher by 12%\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "9de8a244"
    },
    {
      "context": "That said, we're not prepared to assume that Moderna will see pricing at the level of current innovative vaccines, given the evolving competitive landscape.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: evolving competitive landscape\nEffect: prepared to assume that Moderna will see pricing at the level of current innovative vaccines\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "c8c9bd44"
    },
    {
      "context": "Carrier's failure to keep pace with global green building standards and product demand trends could result in reputational risk and lost market share, but we see a low probability of this risk materializing.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Carrier's failure to keep pace with global green building standards and product demand trends\nEffect: reputational risk and lost market share\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "ba0016cf"
    },
    {
      "context": "From a profit perspective, we view the firm's aims to extract $850 million in costs as prudent, but think increased spending on sanitation and safety at its manufacturing facilities will act as a near-term offset.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: think increased spending on sanitation and safety at its manufacturing facilities will act as a near-term offset\nEffect: we view the firm's aims to extract $850 million in costs as prudent\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "78761709"
    },
    {
      "context": "That declined to less than $0.40 per gigabyte in 2018 amid considerable investments from NAND players and we currently estimate it will continue to decrease to between $0.10-$0.15 by 2022.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: considerable investments from NAND players\nEffect: declined to less than $0.40 per gigabyte in 2018\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "da68c0e1"
    },
    {
      "context": "Over the next five years, we expect Trane's revenue to increase at about a 7.5% compound annual rate (6.5% organic) as demand for the firm's commercial HVAC and transportation refrigeration products rebounds after 2020.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: demand for the firm's commercial HVAC and transportation refrigeration products rebounds after 2020\nEffect: Trane's revenue to increase at about a 7.5% compound annual rate (6.5% organic)\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "748c4e33"
    },
    {
      "context": "Though the cost advantage of HDDs over SSDs is progressively narrowing, the need for cheap high-capacity storage in data centers will continue to support the demand for enterprise HDDs, which carry higher average selling prices and margins than PC HDDs.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the need for cheap high-capacity storage in data centers will continue to support the demand for enterprise HDDs\nEffect: higher average selling prices and margins than PC HDDs\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "7a4014e7"
    },
    {
      "context": "With Exact's pan-cancer technology untested in the marketplace, we think there are material upside opportunities and downside risks to our reasonable base-case assumptions.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Exact's pan-cancer technology untested in the marketplace\nEffect: there are material upside opportunities and downside risks to our reasonable base-case assumptions\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "a7515b7d"
    },
    {
      "context": "As such, despite regular mergers and acquisitions, which add goodwill and assets to the firm's capital base, Idex has consistently generated returns on invested capital in the upper-mid-teens.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: regular mergers and acquisitions, which add goodwill and assets to the firm's capital base\nEffect: Idex has consistently generated returns on invested capital in the upper-mid-teens\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "6114334d"
    },
    {
      "context": "As a reward for accessing Centene's Medicaid plans that can reduce costs and risks for the states, we think states will continue giving Centene the opportunity to generate adequate returns over capital costs for a relatively long period by determining appropriate rates per Medicaid enrollee.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: determining appropriate rates per Medicaid enrollee\nEffect: states will continue giving Centene the opportunity to generate adequate returns over capital costs for a relatively long period\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "39c51c50"
    },
    {
      "context": "This creates potential greenhouse gas emissions, effluents, pipeline spills, and opposition and protests that in the long run could push consumers away from fossil fuels in greater numbers, resulting in long-term demand erosion.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: This creates potential greenhouse gas emissions, effluents, pipeline spills, and opposition and protests\nEffect: push consumers away from fossil fuels in greater numbers\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "588d7761"
    },
    {
      "context": "This creates potential greenhouse gas emissions, effluents, pipeline spills, and opposition and protests that in the long run could push consumers away from fossil fuels in greater numbers, resulting in long-term demand erosion.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: push consumers away from fossil fuels in greater numbers\nEffect: resulting in long-term demand erosion\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "57736836"
    },
    {
      "context": "We model non-GAAP operating margins increasing from 43% in fiscal 2020 (actual) to 45% in fiscal 2025 driven by improving scale in the Digital Experience segment and general operating leverage.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: improving scale in the Digital Experience segment and general operating leverage\nEffect: operating margins increasing\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "54aa93c6"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe this strong deposit share, along with the relationships and reputation Huntington has formed, has resulted in an ability to earn higher returns, in large part due to higher fee-income levels, leading to cost advantages as well as switching costs.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: higher fee-income levels\nEffect: cost advantages as well as switching costs\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "b9472537"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe this strong deposit share, along with the relationships and reputation Huntington has formed, has resulted in an ability to earn higher returns, in large part due to higher fee-income levels, leading to cost advantages as well as switching costs.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the relationships and reputation Huntington has formed\nEffect: an ability to earn higher returns\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "03c36697"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect higher interest rates to lead to modest deterioration in P&C underwriting results in the back half of our projection period.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: higher interest rates\nEffect: modest deterioration in P&C underwriting results in the back half of our projection period\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "6eefc5ec"
    },
    {
      "context": "This allows for the application of incremental iron units to the melt without the burden of freight costs. This facilitates the production of high-strength, flat-rolled steel using only a fraction of the metallurgical coal required by its peers that operate blast furnaces.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: This allows for the application of incremental iron units to the melt without the burden of freight costs\nEffect: This facilitates the production of high-strength, flat-rolled steel using only a fraction of the metallurgical coal required by its peers that operate blast furnaces\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "8007c02a"
    },
    {
      "context": "Such growth in paid member count, coupled with 4% growth in average revenue per paying user, we think will result in a 18% five-year CAGR in dating revenue growth.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Such growth in paid member count, coupled with 4% growth in average revenue per paying user\nEffect: a 18% five-year CAGR in dating revenue growth\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "ef252638"
    },
    {
      "context": "But this should not affect InterContinental's uncertainty rating unless travel demand returns to near zero for an extended period, leading to potential needs for incremental liquidity, which perhaps could occur at value-destructive levels.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: this should not affect InterContinental's uncertainty rating\nEffect: potential needs for incremental liquidity\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "d27ac651"
    },
    {
      "context": "NICE is also making a high degree of investments into its platform to offer extra modules and build out a best-in-class contact center offering.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: NICE is also making a high degree of investments into its platform\nEffect: extra modules and build out a best-in-class contact center offering\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "57fb6c5c"
    },
    {
      "context": "In complex industries, a good record in offering customers durable, well-engineered, and reliable equipment cannot be achieved without technological know-how.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: without technological know-how\nEffect: a good record in offering customers durable, well-engineered, and reliable equipment\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "40a53f5d"
    },
    {
      "context": "The firm's increased presence in the faster-growing emerging markets may partially offset the impact of economic downturns within developed regions.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: The firm's increased presence in the faster-growing emerging markets\nEffect: partially offset the impact of economic downturns within developed regions\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "6f0acdd5"
    },
    {
      "context": "Despite good SG&A efficiency, the company has room to improve its SG&A expense as a percentage of gross profit, as many of Lithia's markets have not returned to prerecession levels and large deals could bring more scale from more used sales and more leasing business.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: many of Lithia's markets have not returned to prerecession levels and large deals could bring more scale\nEffect: the company has room to improve its SG&A expense as a percentage of gross profit\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "8d3b17f6"
    },
    {
      "context": "Crown is transitioning to become less reliant on its tower business by acquiring fiber (it now owns 80,000 route miles) and setting up small cells on it.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: its tower business by acquiring fiber (it now owns 80,000 route miles) and setting up small cells on it\nEffect: become less reliant\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "2f168599"
    },
    {
      "context": "Philip Morris International's Unsmoke campaign, if successful, will transform its product portfolio from cigarettes to a broader suite of next-generation nicotine products comprising combustibles, heated tobacco and vaping.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Philip Morris International's Unsmoke campaign, if successful\nEffect: will transform its product portfolio from cigarettes to a broader suite of next-generation nicotine products comprising combustibles, heated tobacco and vaping\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "f8f98c0f"
    },
    {
      "context": "We anticipate torrid growth for mass capacity exabyte shipments to more than offset pricing declines over our explicit forecast, resulting in 9% compound annual growth through 2025.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: We anticipate torrid growth for mass capacity exabyte shipments to more than offset pricing declines over our explicit forecast\nEffect: 9% compound annual growth through 2025\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "420750fd"
    },
    {
      "context": "Still, we don't think the stock is worth nearly as much independently as the deal price, so in our view there is significant downside if the merger doesn't go through but only limited upside if it does.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: we don't think the stock is worth nearly as much independently as the deal price\nEffect: in our view there is significant downside if the merger doesn't go through but only limited upside if it does\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "04a30db2"
    },
    {
      "context": "On the consulting side, revenue can be lumpy, and Marsh & McLennan's exposure is primarily to the health of the employment market and general macroeconomic conditions, as any headwinds in these areas could limit clients willingness to pay for the company's services.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: any headwinds in these areas\nEffect: clients willingness to pay for the company's services\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "92a35dfe"
    },
    {
      "context": "On the consulting side, revenue can be lumpy, and Marsh & McLennan's exposure is primarily to the health of the employment market and general macroeconomic conditions, as any headwinds in these areas could limit clients willingness to pay for the company's services.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the health of the employment market and general macroeconomic conditions\nEffect: revenue can be lumpy, and Marsh & McLennan's exposure\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "db71d566"
    },
    {
      "context": "The breadth of its distribution network (which we believe is tied to the broad appeal of its brands) makes Pepsi a choice partner of smaller beverage and snack companies.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: The breadth of its distribution network (which we believe is tied to the broad appeal of its brands)\nEffect: a choice partner of smaller beverage and snack companies\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "08b3f414"
    },
    {
      "context": "For 2020, we expect 25% comp growth and around 170 basis points of adjusted operating margin improvement (to 10.8%) as the company has been able to better leverage costs on higher COVID-19-related sales.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the company has been able to better leverage costs on higher COVID-19-related sales\nEffect: 25% comp growth and around 170 basis points of adjusted operating margin improvement (to 10.8%)\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "5fc0d350"
    },
    {
      "context": "Instead of sending data back to a centralized data center, which becomes cumbersome for high-bandwidth items and real-time data analysis requirements, HCI allows for rapid processing within a localized site, while still being part of the larger network.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: sending data back to a centralized data center, which becomes cumbersome for high-bandwidth items and real-time data analysis requirements\nEffect: HCI allows for rapid processing within a localized site, while still being part of the larger network\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "1f25eb86"
    },
    {
      "context": "The industry is consolidating because smaller players cannot compete with the scale and cost savings achieved through roll-up acquisitions pursued by the six publicly traded franchise dealerships.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: smaller players cannot compete with the scale and cost savings achieved through roll-up acquisitions pursued by the six publicly traded franchise dealerships\nEffect: The industry is consolidating\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "4a16682c"
    },
    {
      "context": "We estimate Nordstrom's WACC at 9% and, therefore, expect it to generate economic profits for most of the next 10 years.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Nordstrom's WACC at 9%\nEffect: generate economic profits for most of the next 10 years\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "a155cb4d"
    },
    {
      "context": "Although management may have mistimed the product refresh cycle a bit, Waters' recently launched LC-MS tool, BioAccord, will cater specifically to the needs of biologic-focused customers and should help the company regain its footing.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: LC-MS tool, BioAccord\nEffect: cater specifically to the needs of biologic-focused customers and should help the company regain its footing\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "77111f30"
    },
    {
      "context": "Rio and Vale overinvested to a greater degree than BHP in the boom, more greatly diluting long-term returns.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Rio and Vale overinvested to a greater degree than BHP in the boom\nEffect: more greatly diluting long-term returns\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "de9f49c1"
    },
    {
      "context": "Delta does not hedge fuel costs and would likely face substantial margin pressures in the event of an oil price spike.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: an oil price spike\nEffect: Delta does not hedge fuel costs and would likely face substantial margin pressures\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "efc7ff0a"
    },
    {
      "context": "Robinson enjoys a variable-cost business model, but its adjusted EBIT margin (calculated off net revenue) fell in 2020 on lower net revenue and Prime integration costs.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: a variable-cost business model\nEffect: net revenue and Prime integration costs\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "af472362"
    },
    {
      "context": "As a result, AMD hasn't enjoyed the scale, research, and development advantages that Intel holds and proliferates in successive processor generations, which ultimately led to further share gains for the latter at the expense of the former.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: AMD hasn't enjoyed the scale, research, and development advantages that Intel holds and proliferates in successive processor generations\nEffect: further share gains for the latter at the expense of the former\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "6d9c391b"
    },
    {
      "context": "Its portfolio of widely successful franchises allows the firm to monetize its intellectual property year after year by delivering content via sequels, expansion packs, downloadable content, or DLC, and toys, exemplified by the decade-old World of Warcraft franchise and the annual versions of Call of Duty.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Its portfolio of widely successful franchises\nEffect: the firm to monetize its intellectual property year after year by delivering content via sequels, expansion packs, downloadable content, or DLC, and toys\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "aace23ac"
    },
    {
      "context": "As more buyers and sellers trade a proprietary product, it becomes increasingly liquid and therefore cheaper for investors to transact business on a single exchange. These are significantly high barriers to entry and mostly ensure that newcomers will not be able to steal trading volume by launching a competing future or derivative.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: As more buyers and sellers trade a proprietary product, it becomes increasingly liquid and therefore cheaper for investors to transact business on a single exchange\nEffect: entry and mostly ensure that newcomers will not be able to steal trading volume by launching a competing future or derivative\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "5267480f"
    },
    {
      "context": "In addition, because the process relies on third parties for key inputs cement and to a lesser extent, aggregates, a healthy uptick in construction activity results in rising material costs.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: a healthy uptick in construction activity\nEffect: rising material costs\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "45a946b2"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect the crisis subsides by midyear, with a low-single-digit fiscal 2021 comparable sales dip as Target laps exceptional pandemic-era growth.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Target laps exceptional pandemic-era growth\nEffect: a low-single-digit fiscal 2021 comparable sales dip\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "eba2d765"
    },
    {
      "context": "Buying $3 billion-$5 billion of revenue every year brings risk of Lithia buying some lower-quality stores or overpaying for high-performing stores than in the past.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Buying $3 billion-$5 billion of revenue every year\nEffect: brings risk of Lithia buying some lower-quality stores or overpaying for high-performing stores than in the past\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "131d6214"
    },
    {
      "context": "The firm has been a leader in deploying the latest network technologies, which we think will insulate it from unexpected changes in the future.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: The firm has been a leader in deploying the latest network technologies\nEffect: unexpected changes in the future\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "1b1a10fa"
    },
    {
      "context": "In the worst-case scenario of a failed implementation, companies could experience dropped calls, messages that do not go through, or total system failure, which would limit internal productivity and cause significant frustration for employees in customer-facing roles.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: companies could experience dropped calls, messages that do not go through, or total system failure\nEffect: limit internal productivity and cause significant frustration for employees in customer-facing roles\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "6a2545da"
    },
    {
      "context": "However, Malibu hasn't rested only on innovation to grow profits, also curating savings through streamlined production and rising efficiencies (through vertical integration).",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: streamlined production and rising efficiencies\nEffect: curating savings\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "40d5a936"
    },
    {
      "context": "However, due to COVID-19 and the increasing uncertainty around the economy and the potential downside, we are currently assigning the bank a high uncertainty rating.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: COVID-19 and the increasing uncertainty around the economy and the potential downside\nEffect: assigning the bank a high uncertainty rating\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "372ffcc0"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect EA to continue to benefit from the upcoming new generation of consoles, the ongoing revitalization of PC gaming, and the growth in mobile gaming space.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: upcoming new generation of consoles, the ongoing revitalization of PC gaming, and the growth in mobile gaming space\nEffect: EA to continue to benefit\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "5905d155"
    },
    {
      "context": "The transition to 10-, 7-, and 5-nanometer processes at logic and foundry customers has significantly increased the number of multiple patterning-related process steps, which subsequently expanded Lam's served addressable market.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: The transition to 10-, 7-, and 5-nanometer processes at logic and foundry customers has significantly increased the number of multiple patterning-related process steps\nEffect: subsequently expanded Lam's served addressable market\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "7c36c7ac"
    },
    {
      "context": "Avago's expertise in radio frequency filters for smartphones and legacy Broadcom's dominance in networking, broadband, and wireless connectivity created a broad and profitable semiconductor behemoth.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Avago's expertise in radio frequency filters for smartphones and legacy Broadcom's dominance in networking, broadband, and wireless connectivity\nEffect: created a broad and profitable semiconductor behemoth\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "1f612165"
    },
    {
      "context": "A slowdown in investment given macroeconomic uncertainty could impede profitability, and long-term credit costs as a result of the COVID-19 crisis and subsequent lockdowns are nebulous at best, often highly dependent on variables outside the firm's control.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the COVID-19 crisis and subsequent lockdowns\nEffect: long-term credit costs\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "3e85b6a4"
    },
    {
      "context": "A slowdown in investment given macroeconomic uncertainty could impede profitability, and long-term credit costs as a result of the COVID-19 crisis and subsequent lockdowns are nebulous at best, often highly dependent on variables outside the firm's control.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: A slowdown in investment\nEffect: profitability\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "10c63b43"
    },
    {
      "context": "We see Willis Tower Watson as a relatively stable business that benefits from minimal capital requirements and enduring relationships.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: minimal capital requirements and enduring relationships\nEffect: Willis Tower Watson as a relatively stable business\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "0db3443b"
    },
    {
      "context": "Furthermore, the transition from on-premises communication services to cloud-based solutions is in the early stages and should provide best-in-class UCaaS providers like RingCentral a long runway for growth.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the transition from on-premises communication services to cloud-based solutions is in the early stages\nEffect: should provide best-in-class UCaaS providers like RingCentral a long runway for growth\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "1ef4b754"
    },
    {
      "context": "Contracts purchased at ICE's exchanges cannot be closed at another exchange and vice versa, which keeps ICE's liquidity pools captive to its exchanges and creates additional barriers to entry for potential competitors.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Contracts purchased at ICE's exchanges cannot be closed at another exchange and vice versa\nEffect: keeps ICE's liquidity pools captive to its exchanges and creates additional barriers to entry for potential competitors\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "994188e2"
    },
    {
      "context": "But within the Permian, well performance does vary. As a result, some of APA's competitors in the region enjoy lower average unit costs and higher internal rates of return.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: But within the Permian, well performance does vary\nEffect: some of APA's competitors in the region enjoy lower average unit costs and higher internal rates of return\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "f9e7e447"
    },
    {
      "context": "We think PTC's Internet of Things and AR solutions pose significant switching costs given the intense implementation required to reconnect devices and specifications when changing Internet of Things or AR vendors.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the intense implementation required to reconnect devices and specifications when changing Internet of Things or AR vendors\nEffect: PTC's Internet of Things and AR solutions pose significant switching costs\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "45e4abde"
    },
    {
      "context": "Moreover, due to reduced distribution and the pandemic, we do not expect PVH to eclipse its 2019 total sales until 2024.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: educed distribution and the pandemic\nEffect: PVH to eclipse its 2019 total sales until 2024\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "8fb19b84"
    },
    {
      "context": "Inflation is a major risk for Brazilian banks, especially in a macroeconomic environment of extended lockdowns, elevated unemployment and burgeoning debt/GDP.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: in a macroeconomic environment of extended lockdowns, elevated unemployment and burgeoning debt/GDP\nEffect: Inflation is a major risk for Brazilian banks\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "b5a04b29"
    },
    {
      "context": "By these measures, we believe Federated has about an average switching cost profile (at best) when compared with the industry and our peer coverage group, as it has to work harder to generate positive flows given the above (below) average redemption (retention) rate for its long-term funds.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the above (below) average redemption (retention) rate for its long-term funds\nEffect: it has to work harder to generate positive flows\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "43793ee8"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe it could leverage its component knowledge and unique understanding of businesses' IT demands to further solidify itself as a value-added distributor.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: leverage its component knowledge and unique understanding of businesses' IT demands\nEffect: further solidify itself as a value-added distributor\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "aec9bcd7"
    },
    {
      "context": "As such, we believe the firm's portfolio mix shift toward more on-trend categories, like healthy snacks and organics following the acquisitions of Amplify and Pirate Brands, has been prudent, given these offerings align with consumer preferences for healthy and convenient fare.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: these offerings align with consumer preferences for healthy and convenient fare\nEffect: the firm's portfolio mix shift toward more on-trend categories\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "fef691a5"
    },
    {
      "context": "We generally view CBD as a less attractive opportunity given the massive amount of competition and low barriers to entry.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the massive amount of competition and low barriers to entry\nEffect: We generally view CBD as a less attractive opportunity\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "6ad0a882"
    },
    {
      "context": "We share Juniper's view that its customer verticals are becoming further entwined as we believe software-based solutions are blurring the requirements for siloed solutions.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: software-based solutions are blurring the requirements for siloed solutions\nEffect: customer verticals are becoming further entwined\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "1f4a0617"
    },
    {
      "context": "We think a very high cost of equity and above average cost of debt are reasonable for this airline, given United's' highly cyclical business model and leveraged balance sheet.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: United's' highly cyclical business model and leveraged balance sheet\nEffect: a very high cost of equity and above average cost of debt are reasonable for this airline\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "9e1935ea"
    },
    {
      "context": "Looking beyond our five-year explicit forecast period, we think genomics could allow Neogen to finally exceed its long-stated 20% operating margin target.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: genomics\nEffect: Neogen to finally exceed its long-stated 20% operating margin target\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "ba6c2976"
    },
    {
      "context": "This new pricing should thus support switching costs, as higher data ingestion leads to more use cases, making Splunk an increasingly integral part of business operations.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: higher data ingestion\nEffect: more use cases\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "be005616"
    },
    {
      "context": "This new pricing should thus support switching costs, as higher data ingestion leads to more use cases, making Splunk an increasingly integral part of business operations.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: higher data ingestion leads to more use cases\nEffect: Splunk an increasingly integral part of business operations\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "c60a24ac"
    },
    {
      "context": "Overall, we forecast a five-year revenue CAGR of 23%, considerably lower than the historical norm, reflecting both Dexcom's significantly larger revenue base and lineup of new products, which we expect will be partially offset by more intense competition from Abbott and Medtronic over the longer term.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Dexcom's significantly larger revenue base and lineup of new products\nEffect: a five-year revenue CAGR of 23%\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "a16e8a10"
    },
    {
      "context": "Overall, we forecast a five-year revenue CAGR of 23%, considerably lower than the historical norm, reflecting both Dexcom's significantly larger revenue base and lineup of new products, which we expect will be partially offset by more intense competition from Abbott and Medtronic over the longer term.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: more intense competition from Abbott and Medtronic over the longer term\nEffect: Dexcom's significantly larger revenue base and lineup of new products, which we expect will be partially offset\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "a867b1d1"
    },
    {
      "context": "Allstate and other auto insurers enjoyed abnormal levels of profitability in 2020, as the pandemic led to a stark decrease in miles driven.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the pandemic led to a stark decrease in miles driven\nEffect: Allstate and other auto insurers enjoyed abnormal levels of profitability in 2020\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "a9e3873e"
    },
    {
      "context": "Despite the improvement in both businesses, we expect company-wide EBITDA margin to remain relatively flat over the next five years, as the less profitable wireless business makes up a much greater portion of the total business.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the less profitable wireless business makes up a much greater portion of the total business\nEffect: company-wide EBITDA margin to remain relatively flat over the next five years\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "3899695f"
    },
    {
      "context": "While many of these have been margin dilutive upon acquisition--for example, FCI which had roughly 15% operating margins before acquisition--Amphenol has been able to put cost control measures in place to relatively quickly improve operating margins.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Amphenol has been able to put cost control measures in place\nEffect: relatively quickly improve operating margins\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "df5e6305"
    },
    {
      "context": "Furthermore, its digital applications help customers interact with dealers, manage their fleet, and track machine performance to determine when maintenance is needed.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: its digital applications help customers interact with dealers, manage their fleet, and track machine performance\nEffect: determine when maintenance is needed\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "b35ec055"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect Mosaic to produce around 8 million metric tons in 2020, amid lower potash prices, in line with the 7.8 million metric tons produced in 2019, and well below the 8.8 million metric tons sold in 2018 amid higher prices.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: in line with the 7.8 million metric tons produced in 2019, and well below the 8.8 million metric tons sold in 2018 amid higher prices\nEffect: expect Mosaic to produce around 8 million metric tons in 2020\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "acc424c4"
    },
    {
      "context": "Nevertheless, we think CBRE is poised to experience long-term growth as it benefits from a healthy real estate services industry and takes share from smaller, more fragmented competitors.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: as it benefits from a healthy real estate services industry and takes share from smaller, more fragmented competitors\nEffect: Nevertheless, we think CBRE is poised to experience long-term growth\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "787a494c"
    },
    {
      "context": "While approximately 39% of Splunk's revenue currently comes from cloud services, we expect this number to grow in later years as Splunk completes its pivot into becoming a cloud-first company; we expect cloud services to constitute 91% of total revenue by the end of our explicit forecast period.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Splunk completes its pivot into becoming a cloud-first company\nEffect: services to constitute 91% of total revenue by the end of our explicit forecast period\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "cd75927b"
    },
    {
      "context": "Total's profits and cash flow are largely tied to oil and gas production and suffer markedly during periods of weak commodity prices.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: weak commodity prices\nEffect: Total's profits and cash flow are largely tied to oil and gas production and suffer markedly\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "f9a21b5d"
    },
    {
      "context": "Additionally, we think Telecom Italia is more resilient than Vodafone and Wind Tre due to its position in the premium market segment.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: its position in the premium market segment\nEffect: Telecom Italia is more resilient than Vodafone and Wind Tre\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "c90cc515"
    },
    {
      "context": "We have reduced our fair value estimate for Telefonica Brasil to $11 from $12 per ADR due to weakness in the Brazilian real, offset in part by expectations that the weak real will push telecom services pricing higher over the next five years.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: weakness in the Brazilian real\nEffect: We have reduced our fair value estimate for Telefonica Brasil to $11 from $12 per ADR\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "08e05cc0"
    },
    {
      "context": "With an expanding operating margin ahead thanks to further supply chain and merchandising amendments underway, we view Lowe's 13% operating margin forecast as achievable; additionally, we forecast a 38% ROIC in our terminal year.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: further supply chain and merchandising amendments underway\nEffect: an expanding operating margin ahead\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "35850182"
    },
    {
      "context": "With an expanding operating margin ahead thanks to further supply chain and merchandising amendments underway, we view Lowe's 13% operating margin forecast as achievable; additionally, we forecast a 38% ROIC in our terminal year.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: an expanding operating margin ahead\nEffect: a 38% ROIC in our terminal year\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "2cd04d85"
    },
    {
      "context": "Given that the buildings are generally around 12,000 square feet and development costs are frequently under $5 million, the barriers to entry are very low, so development can easily match new demand.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the buildings are generally around 12,000 square feet and development costs are frequently under $5 million, the barriers to entry are very low\nEffect: development can easily match new demand\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "32a1e557"
    },
    {
      "context": "RevPAR grew around 5% between 2011 and 2015 through a combination of occupancy and rate growth, but as occupancy leveled off in 2016 we have seen the pace of average rate growth slow for the U.S.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: a combination of occupancy and rate growth\nEffect: RevPAR grew around 5% between 2011 and 2015\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "811d1c9f"
    },
    {
      "context": "RevPAR grew around 5% between 2011 and 2015 through a combination of occupancy and rate growth, but as occupancy leveled off in 2016 we have seen the pace of average rate growth slow for the U.S.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: occupancy leveled off in 2016\nEffect: the pace of average rate growth slow for the U.S.\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "c4cd2f26"
    },
    {
      "context": "However, we don't surmise that the current trajectory is poised to prove sustainable (as coronavirus concerns fade when a vaccine is brought to market, which we expect by mid-2021).",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: coronavirus concerns fade when a vaccine is brought to market, which we expect by mid-2021\nEffect: we don't surmise that the current trajectory is poised to prove sustainable\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "3c461fce"
    },
    {
      "context": "Because of the size of NYSE's market share, this data is necessary for traders to have a complete view of the market, giving ICE pricing power.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the size of NYSE's market share\nEffect: data is necessary for traders to have a complete view of the market\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "06b5f30d"
    },
    {
      "context": "Alibaba's desktop and mobile monetization rates (revenue as a percentage of GMV) have generally been on upward trends the past few quarters, which indicates that sellers are becoming increasingly dependent on Alibaba's marketplaces to reach Chinese consumers.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: sellers are becoming increasingly dependent on Alibaba's marketplaces to reach Chinese consumers\nEffect: Alibaba's desktop and mobile monetization rates (revenue as a percentage of GMV) have generally been on upward trends the past few quarters\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "747efde1"
    },
    {
      "context": "Additionally, the success of the financial services segment depends on access to capital, which can be limited during times of financial distress.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: access to capital\nEffect: the success of the financial services segment\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "f4e6c0ca"
    },
    {
      "context": "Additionally, the success of the financial services segment depends on access to capital, which can be limited during times of financial distress.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: times of financial distress\nEffect: access to capital\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "87159909"
    },
    {
      "context": "A prolonged decline in copper prices could result in elevated unemployment, a depreciation of the peso as the balance of payments deteriorated, and more difficulty meeting foreign denominated debt obligations and expenses.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the balance of payments deteriorated, and more difficulty meeting foreign denominated debt obligations and expenses\nEffect: depreciation of the peso\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "d753e3f5"
    },
    {
      "context": "A prolonged decline in copper prices could result in elevated unemployment, a depreciation of the peso as the balance of payments deteriorated, and more difficulty meeting foreign denominated debt obligations and expenses.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: A prolonged decline in copper prices\nEffect: elevated unemployment\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "3d704c57"
    },
    {
      "context": "While the competitive intensity of the new businesses is higher than the core refined product pipelines, we've been impressed by Magellan's capital discipline, as the projects have yielded high returns and supported continued distribution growth.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the competitive intensity of the new businesses is higher than the core refined product pipelines, we've been impressed by Magellan's capital discipline\nEffect: the projects have yielded high returns and supported continued distribution growth\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "bc20d801"
    },
    {
      "context": "The downturn in oil and gas activity beginning in late 2014 has continued to depress financial results for most oilfield-services companies, and Core Lab hasn't fully escaped the effects.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: The downturn in oil and gas activity beginning in late 2014\nEffect: financial results for most oilfield-services companies\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "8edabbd7"
    },
    {
      "context": "However, disruptions to the aerospace supply chain, like the 737 MAX grounding or travel restrictions from the COVID-19 outbreak, can have a material impact on the company's earning potential.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: disruptions to the aerospace supply chain, like the 737 MAX grounding or travel restrictions from the COVID-19 outbreak\nEffect: the company's earning potential\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "a32b2a3b"
    },
    {
      "context": "We think the fact that Heico's products must be able to withstand harsh environments, such as space and high heat, adds to product complexity, but we do not think this is an insurmountable barrier.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Heico's products must be able to withstand harsh environments, such as space and high heat\nEffect: product complexity\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "3e1b7cf3"
    },
    {
      "context": "Management sharply increased the scale of the HNH operations via the $567 million acquisition of SensoryEffects in May 2014, which increased HNH revenue more than fivefold.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Management sharply increased the scale of the HNH operations via the $567 million acquisition of SensoryEffects in May 2014\nEffect: increased HNH revenue more than fivefold\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "a04fb556"
    },
    {
      "context": "Unlike many of its peers, MetLife does not have a meaningful third-party asset management business as historically MetLife has decided to focus on its core life insurance operations.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: historically MetLife has decided to focus on its core life insurance operations\nEffect: MetLife does not have a meaningful third-party asset management business\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "91424979"
    },
    {
      "context": "Trip.com now focuses on domestic travel such as high-frequency travel like staycation, which will help its topline recover faster amid international border closures, but has lower margin.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Trip.com now focuses on domestic travel such as high-frequency travel like staycation\nEffect: its topline recover faster amid international border closures\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "25c7c0c7"
    },
    {
      "context": "As a result, we expect IBM technology services to see a compound annual decline rate of 1% from 2021 to 2025 as more sticky IBM software is applicable in other clouds. Consequently, we expect IBM to benefit from growth in its cloud & cognitive software as its customers transition to hybrid infrastructures, even if it's not to the IBM cloud, as our outlook suggests.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: IBM technology services to see a compound annual decline rate of 1% from 2021 to 2025 as more sticky IBM software is applicable in other clouds\nEffect: IBM to benefit from growth in its cloud & cognitive software as its customers transition to hybrid infrastructures, even if it's not to the IBM cloud, as our outlook suggests\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "9d3cf26c"
    },
    {
      "context": "We also expect improved pricing will allow margins in Mexico to hold steady at 2020 levels over the next five years.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: improved pricing\nEffect: allow margins in Mexico to hold steady at 2020 levels over the next five years\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "7acb57ee"
    },
    {
      "context": "While BMO's focus on the ETF business gives it lower overall spreads, the scale advantage should endure and lead to excess returns on capital for a business that is not capitally intense.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the scale advantage should endure and lead to excess\nEffect: returns on capital for a business that is not capitally intense.\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "57c66d15"
    },
    {
      "context": "In recent years, customers have been consolidating their maintenance, repair, and operations, or MRO, spending with large distributors to leverage their purchasing power and increase operational efficiency.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: customers have been consolidating their maintenance, repair, and operations, or MRO, spending with large distributors\nEffect: increase operational efficiency\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "4a401a29"
    },
    {
      "context": "Constellation's more productive per-dollar promotional spending, in addition to its superior mix of products, helps support the beer segment's operating margins (roughly 40%), which are best-of-breed among our brewing coverage.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Constellation's more productive per-dollar promotional spending\nEffect: support the beer segment's operating margins\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "af887cb3"
    },
    {
      "context": "With the global auto industry becoming increasingly competitive, we see margin expansion challenges ahead for Honda.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the global auto industry becoming increasingly competitive\nEffect: margin expansion challenges ahead for Honda\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "47830e2a"
    },
    {
      "context": "Net interest income we have growing at an 6.5% annual rate due to the build in the Marcus platform and eventual recovery in interest rates.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the build in the Marcus platform and eventual recovery in interest rates\nEffect: Net interest income we have growing at an 6.5% annual rate\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "17724fe3"
    },
    {
      "context": "On the bottom line, over the next two years we expect improving margins, largely driven by the higher contribution to total sales by specialty drugs, which carry very high margins.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the higher contribution to total sales by specialty drugs, which carry very high margins\nEffect: On the bottom line, over the next two years we expect improving margins\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "675911b3"
    },
    {
      "context": "Though consumers have benefited from voluntary pension withdrawals, extended periods of elevated unemployment will likely result in increased delinquencies, as well as declines in consumer sentiment.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: extended periods of elevated unemployment\nEffect: increased delinquencies, as well as declines in consumer sentiment\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "b86d2efb"
    },
    {
      "context": "We forecast flat operating earnings for the power and industrial projects segment during the next five years as it adds cogeneration and renewable gas projects to offset the roll-off of earnings from reduced emissions fuel projects.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: it adds cogeneration and renewable gas projects to offset the roll-off of earnings from reduced emissions fuel projects\nEffect: We forecast flat operating earnings for the power and industrial projects segment during the next five years\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "d27cd89b"
    },
    {
      "context": "Toronto-Dominion does have a relatively lower exposure to the uninsured domestic real estate market in Canada, putting it in a less risky position in a downturn.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Toronto-Dominion does have a relatively lower exposure to the uninsured domestic real estate market in Canada\nEffect: it in a less risky position in a downturn\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "0441532d"
    },
    {
      "context": "We project the firm can improve operating margin by another 200 basis points in 2022 once Wright Medical is fully integrated.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Wright Medical is fully integrated\nEffect: the firm can improve operating margin by another 200 basis points in 2022\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "18650cd1"
    },
    {
      "context": "We are increasing our fair value estimate for Coty to $5.50 from $4.54 after incorporating first-quarter earnings that showed encouraging signs that the business is stabilizing under the leadership of new CEO Sue Nabi.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: after incorporating first-quarter earnings that showed encouraging signs\nEffect: We are increasing our fair value estimate for Coty to $5.50 from $4.54\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "990229c4"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect roughly flat long-term revenue, but premiumization should lift gross profit per gallon by a low-single-digit annual percentage, exceeding $4.60 by fiscal 2030.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: premiumization\nEffect: lift gross profit per gallon by a low-single-digit annual percentage, exceeding $4.60 by fiscal 2030\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "6a15c757"
    },
    {
      "context": "Vistra's clean postbankruptcy balance sheet allowed it to acquire Dynegy in 2018 for $2.27 billion, more than tripling the size of its generation fleet and introducing Vistra to power markets outside Texas, notably the Midwest and Northeast.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Vistra's clean postbankruptcy balance sheet\nEffect: introducing Vistra to power markets outside Texas, notably the Midwest and Northeast| it to acquire Dynegy in 2018 for $2.27 billion| more than tripling the size of its generation fleet\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "a7b0da7e"
    },
    {
      "context": "There's ample historical precedent, such as Venezuela, where rampant inflation combined with an unstable government and currency controls led to irreparable degradation in the company's operations.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: rampant inflation combined with an unstable government and currency controls\nEffect: irreparable degradation in the company's operations\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "f9910362"
    },
    {
      "context": "While this strategy is likely to create some challenges, like the potential legal violations that arose in early 2013 in China, we believe the fast-growing emerging markets will help support long-term growth and diversify cash flows beyond developed markets.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: fast-growing emerging markets\nEffect: help support long-term growth and diversify cash flows beyond developed markets\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "52a38287"
    },
    {
      "context": "Should this pace continue, additional competition may outweigh the benefits of additional customer eyeballs for the existing retailers, damaging the network effect.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: this pace continue\nEffect: dditional competition may outweigh the benefits of additional customer eyeballs for the existing retailers\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "6180d1dd"
    },
    {
      "context": "Should this pace continue, additional competition may outweigh the benefits of additional customer eyeballs for the existing retailers, damaging the network effect.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: dditional competition may outweigh the benefits of additional customer eyeballs for the existing retailers\nEffect: damaging the network effect\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "a7f435c5"
    },
    {
      "context": "Activision's size and the depth of its franchise slate allow the firm to place larger bets on new IP than many smaller midsize competitors. This ability to make larger investments marks the publisher as one of a few destinations for studios looking to develop new large-budget AAA games.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Activision's size and the depth of its franchise slate allow the firm to place larger bets on new IP than many smaller midsize competitors\nEffect: make larger investments marks the publisher as one of a few destinations for studios looking to develop new large-budget AAA games\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "3c474a3b"
    },
    {
      "context": "Activewear was weak even before the virus, as it suffered a 3% sales decline in 2019 on poor consumer demand and distributor de-stocking in imprintables.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: it suffered a 3% sales decline in 2019 on poor consumer demand and distributor de-stocking in imprintables\nEffect: Activewear was weak even before the virus\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "0fd327f8"
    },
    {
      "context": "It will take quite some time for Frank's to return to our projected long-term ROIC of in the low-20s, as the deepwater capital expenditure recovery is still in the early days.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the deepwater capital expenditure recovery is still in the early days\nEffect: take quite some time for Frank's to return to our projected long-term ROIC of in the low-20s\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "054f6a01"
    },
    {
      "context": "For Monolithic Power, its ability to integrate multiple technologies into a single chip allows it to bring innovative new products to market, like its marquee QSMod controller.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: its ability to integrate multiple technologies into a single chip\nEffect: bring innovative new products to market, like its marquee QSMod controller\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "8325b025"
    },
    {
      "context": "We do not forecast its gross margins will return to peak levels of about 50% until the latter part of this decade as we think its competitive position has weakened.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: we think its competitive position has weakened\nEffect: We do not forecast its gross margins will return to peak levels of about 50% until the latter part of this decade\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "5404ee68"
    },
    {
      "context": "While Brineura (approved in 2017 for CLN2 disease) in 2017 is a smaller opportunity, we expect sales to gradually ramp north of $300 million as treatment expands the prevalent population for this severe neurodegenerative disease.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: treatment expands the prevalent population for this severe neurodegenerative disease\nEffect: sales to gradually ramp north of $300 million\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "7cec47e3"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe that Check Point can increase its gross margins toward 90% in the 2020s as we project high margin subscription-based revenue to grow at a faster clip than other offerings.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: we project high margin subscription-based revenue to grow at a faster clip than other offerings\nEffect: Check Point can increase its gross margins toward 90% in the 2020s\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "0174e372"
    },
    {
      "context": "We like this strategy; CarMax's scale allows it to price below smaller dealerships, and lowering prices should increase comparable-store sales while keeping competitors away, though some large dealers are copying CarMax's shopping experience.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: though some large dealers are copying CarMax's shopping experience\nEffect: We like this strategy; CarMax's scale allows it to price below smaller dealerships, and lowering prices should increase comparable-store sales while keeping competitors away\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "8bd34e5d"
    },
    {
      "context": "Although the company faces an intense competitive landscape, it should succeed in the coming years as the handset industry focuses on 5G devices, which we expect to require higher radio frequency dollar content per phone.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the handset industry focuses on 5G devices, which we expect to require higher radio frequency dollar content per phone\nEffect: it should succeed in the coming years\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "3c7ebe28"
    },
    {
      "context": "Accelerated by the pandemic, the critical supplier status has been extended to the firm by a much wider audience, including governments.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the pandemic\nEffect: the critical supplier status has been extended to the firm by a much wider audience, including governments\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "ef92b87f"
    },
    {
      "context": "Ultimately, internal controls had broken down, synergies between business lines were questionable, and the situation spiraled out of control as the bank had large exposures to virtually every area of toxic risk during the crisis, including collateralized debt obligations and mortgage-backed securities consisting of subprime assets.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the bank had large exposures to virtually every area of toxic risk during the crisis, including collateralized debt obligations and mortgage-backed securities consisting of subprime assets\nEffect: the situation spiraled out of control\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "b8782f3f"
    },
    {
      "context": "Paycom doesn't have a clear leadership position, given the fragmented market, so it must consistently invest in its platform to capture and retain customers.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the fragmented market\nEffect: Paycom doesn't have a clear leadership position\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "b76248e2"
    },
    {
      "context": "Paycom doesn't have a clear leadership position, given the fragmented market, so it must consistently invest in its platform to capture and retain customers.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Paycom doesn't have a clear leadership position\nEffect: it must consistently invest in its platform to capture and retain customers\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "e97969f7"
    },
    {
      "context": "Regulation changes stipulating that all protein providers need to maintain minimum levels of quality (as measured by consistency and bioactivity) could result in customers being more trusting of lower priced protein providers.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Regulation changes stipulating that all protein providers need to maintain minimum levels of quality (as measured by consistency and bioactivity)\nEffect: customers being more trusting of lower priced protein providers\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "df508c45"
    },
    {
      "context": "Merck KGaA has made a series of acquisitions and divestitures in the past decade or so to position the group for solid long-term growth in three key segments: life sciences, performance materials, and healthcare.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Merck KGaA has made a series of acquisitions and divestitures in the past decade\nEffect: position the group for solid long-term growth in three key segments: life sciences, performance materials, and healthcare\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "15286b78"
    },
    {
      "context": "Finally, due to the short-design cycles, a company's premier solutions may not find the market they are targeting, as has been the case with Synaptics' in-display fingerprint sensor.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: he short-design cycles\nEffect: a company's premier solutions may not find the market they are targeting\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "05ea8536"
    },
    {
      "context": "Instead, we're seeing favorable trends where firms are consolidating their IT services work to reduce potential breaches by limiting possible points of entry for malicious actors. This trend bodes well for more prominent players such as CGI that would benefit at the expense of smaller, more niche players in the IT services industry.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: we're seeing favorable trends where firms are consolidating their IT services work to reduce potential breaches by limiting possible points of entry for malicious actors\nEffect: This trend bodes well for more prominent players such as CGI that would benefit at the expense of smaller, more niche players in the IT services industry\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "5065e450"
    },
    {
      "context": "We forecast Canadian medical volume to decline about 2% per year on average as consumers shift to the recreational market.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: consumers shift to the recreational market\nEffect: forecast Canadian medical volume to decline about 2% per year on average\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "220fe3ab"
    },
    {
      "context": "Ralph Lauren's strong gross margins have been aided by a significant restructuring over the past five years that has included cost-cutting, a greater than 30% reduction in stock-keeping units, store closures, and limitations on wholesale distribution.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: a significant restructuring over the past five years that has included cost-cutting, a greater than 30% reduction in stock-keeping units, store closures, and limitations on wholesale distribution\nEffect: Ralph Lauren's strong gross margins\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "d2e7b3bf"
    },
    {
      "context": "The company's fixed costs create unfavorable operating leverage that can cause profits to swing widely in response to relatively small changes in demand, such as the currently harsh operating environment brought on by the coronavirus pandemic.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: The company's fixed costs create unfavorable operating leverage\nEffect: profits to swing widely in response to relatively small changes in demand\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "1ca9ed2b"
    },
    {
      "context": "Revenue from higher-speed offerings has been growing, and as those packages make up a bigger portion of the base, we think consumer broadband revenue can modestly increase.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Revenue from higher-speed offerings has been growing\nEffect: onsumer broadband revenue can\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "8200ef8d"
    },
    {
      "context": "Revenue from higher-speed offerings has been growing, and as those packages make up a bigger portion of the base, we think consumer broadband revenue can modestly increase.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: hose packages make up a bigger portion of the base\nEffect: onsumer broadband revenue can\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "773ea36f"
    },
    {
      "context": "Although the company faces an intense competitive landscape, it should succeed in the coming years as the handset industry focuses on 5G devices, which usually require higher radio frequency, or RF, dollar content per phone.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the handset industry focuses on 5G devices, which usually require higher radio frequency, or RF, dollar content per phone\nEffect: Although the company faces an intense competitive landscape, it should succeed in the coming years\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "ca78da09"
    },
    {
      "context": "The firm's direct-to-consumer efforts, Disney+, Hotstar, Hulu, and ESPN+ are taking over as the drivers of long-term growth as the firm transitions to a streaming future.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: The firm's direct-to-consumer efforts, Disney+, Hotstar, Hulu, and ESPN+ are taking over as the drivers of long-term growth\nEffect: as the firm transitions to a streaming future\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "684c4eee"
    },
    {
      "context": "While commercial aircraft customers are highly cyclical, they are also reluctant to renege on orders because of down payments of 1%-2% of contract value on signature and another 20%-25% in the 24 months preceding delivery.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: down payments of 1%-2% of contract value on signature and another 20%-25% in the 24 months preceding delivery\nEffect: they are also reluctant to renege on orders\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "29df1c27"
    },
    {
      "context": "We anticipate a net addition of more than 40-50 million new Internet users across Latin America over the next five years, which will significantly broaden MercadoLibre's active base of 74 million unique active users.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: a net addition of more than 40-50 million new Internet users\nEffect: broaden MercadoLibre's active\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "92e09ce0"
    },
    {
      "context": "Since Fortive was spun off from Danaher in 2016, Vontier's parent company prioritized growth in its professional instrumentation business, which left the industrial technology business (now Vontier) with less than 5% of Fortive's M&A capital.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Vontier's parent company prioritized growth in its professional instrumentation business\nEffect: left the industrial technology business (now Vontier) with less than 5% of Fortive's M&A capital\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "3a1cbd53"
    },
    {
      "context": "We also expect lower relative selling and distribution costs as scale grows and route structures are optimized (through planning and sequencing) and densified.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: scale grows and route structures are optimized (through planning and sequencing) and densified\nEffect: lower relative selling and distribution costs\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "b150af5b"
    },
    {
      "context": "But we think the firm has the wherewithal to withstand the pandemic, which could result in the permanent closure of up to 15% of restaurants, an industry that accounts for 55% of US Foods' sales.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the firm has the wherewithal to withstand the pandemic\nEffect: result in the permanent closure of up to 15% of restaurants\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "48ec4796"
    },
    {
      "context": "Two potential ESG issues that SBA's business lends itself to are the risk of natural disasters, which seem to have become worse with climate change, and the high level of business the firm does in more developing countries where the rule of law is not as strong.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: SBA's business lends itself to are the risk of natural disasters, which seem to have become worse with climate change, and the high level of business the firm does in more developing countries where the rule of law is not as strong\nEffect: Two potential ESG issues\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "c7d33eb5"
    },
    {
      "context": "Narrower discounts for inland crude have reduced opportunities on the East and West Coast to rail and barge discount light crude to its refineries to back out more expensive foreign imports.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: Narrower discounts for inland crude have reduced opportunities on the East and West Coast to rail and barge discount light crude\nEffect: its refineries to back out more expensive foreign imports\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "240fa159"
    },
    {
      "context": "This tailwind intensified in 2019 in primary lines, and commentary from carriers suggest that pricing momentum has accelerated in 2020. This should boost Aon's growth a bit in the near term and could help offset any negative impacts the coronavirus has on the discretionary areas of the business.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: This tailwind intensified in 2019 in primary lines, and commentary from carriers suggest that pricing momentum has accelerated in 2020\nEffect: boost Aon's growth a bit in the near term and could help offset any negative impacts the coronavirus has on the discretionary areas of the business\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "37eb893b"
    },
    {
      "context": "In addition, Omnicom's reputation and brand allow it to compete mainly with the other Big Five for the larger accounts.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Omnicom's reputation and brand\nEffect: it to compete mainly with the other Big Five for the larger accounts\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "4b014160"
    },
    {
      "context": "Lam, along with its peers, has benefited from an increase in service revenue in recent years, which we believe will mitigate the volatility of equipment orders.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Lam, along with its peers, has benefited from an increase in service revenue\nEffect: mitigate the volatility of equipment orders.\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "061a006e"
    },
    {
      "context": "However, the potential for international growth is unproven, as neither Free People nor Anthropologie has any real presence outside North America.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the potential for international growth is unproven\nEffect: neither Free People nor Anthropologie has any real presence outside North America\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "aea66400"
    },
    {
      "context": "The prices and supply of the agricultural products Bunge buys and sells are volatile and depend on factors outside the company's control, such as weather, planting, disease, and government programs.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: depend on factors outside the company's control, such as weather, planting, disease, and government programs\nEffect: The prices and supply of the agricultural products Bunge buys and sells are volatile\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "e40e8dc8"
    },
    {
      "context": "Thanks to external (COVID-19-related demand, smartphone ubiquity, wealth creation, underdevelopment payment industry infrastructure) and company-specific factors (product mix diversification, on- and off-platform payment technologies and shipping solutions), we believe MercadoLibre can capitalize on accelerating digital commerce trends in Latin America, despite lingering macro constraints volatility.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: external (COVID-19-related demand, smartphone ubiquity, wealth creation, underdevelopment payment industry infrastructure)\nEffect: MercadoLibre can capitalize on accelerating digital commerce trends in Latin America\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "d9b1b86e"
    },
    {
      "context": "Thanks to external (COVID-19-related demand, smartphone ubiquity, wealth creation, underdevelopment payment industry infrastructure) and company-specific factors (product mix diversification, on- and off-platform payment technologies and shipping solutions), we believe MercadoLibre can capitalize on accelerating digital commerce trends in Latin America, despite lingering macro constraints volatility.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: company-specific factors (product mix diversification, on- and off-platform payment technologies and shipping solutions)\nEffect: MercadoLibre can capitalize on accelerating digital commerce trends in Latin America\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "2bed6865"
    },
    {
      "context": "Thanks to external (COVID-19-related demand, smartphone ubiquity, wealth creation, underdevelopment payment industry infrastructure) and company-specific factors (product mix diversification, on- and off-platform payment technologies and shipping solutions), we believe MercadoLibre can capitalize on accelerating digital commerce trends in Latin America, despite lingering macro constraints volatility.",
      "question": "2 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: accelerating digital commerce trends\nEffect: capitalize\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "5f132c76"
    },
    {
      "context": "Thanks to external (COVID-19-related demand, smartphone ubiquity, wealth creation, underdevelopment payment industry infrastructure) and company-specific factors (product mix diversification, on- and off-platform payment technologies and shipping solutions), we believe MercadoLibre can capitalize on accelerating digital commerce trends in Latin America, despite lingering macro constraints volatility.",
      "question": "3 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: lingering macro\nEffect: volatility\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "1bda44f6"
    },
    {
      "context": "While larger pharma customers may have the capital in-source design, they are unlikely to do so because it is often more cost-effective to outsource the work to West.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: it is often more cost-effective to outsource the work to West\nEffect: larger pharma customers may have the capital in-source design\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "88c40900"
    },
    {
      "context": "If they switch to another local operator, they will need to discontinue the operation of the games temporarily while the servers are being replaced, which will affect players' experiences.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: switch to another local operator\nEffect: discontinue the operation of the games temporarily while the servers are being replaced\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "edf74e48"
    },
    {
      "context": "If they switch to another local operator, they will need to discontinue the operation of the games temporarily while the servers are being replaced, which will affect players' experiences.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: discontinue the operation of the games temporarily while the servers are being replaced\nEffect: affect players' experiences\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "2955ce1b"
    },
    {
      "context": "However, given Autodesk's strength in building and construction versus SolidWorks' specialty in product design, we think it's fair to assume that SolidWorks dominates design in product engineering over Autodesk.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Autodesk's strength in building and construction versus SolidWorks' specialty in product design\nEffect: fair to assume that SolidWorks dominates design in product engineering over Autodesk\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "78580902"
    },
    {
      "context": "Secular shifts in channel economics, in conjunction with the emphasis on pricing rationality in this space, make it increasingly difficult to discern end-consumer pricing dynamics and its impact on competitive positioning.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Secular shifts in channel economics, in conjunction with the emphasis on pricing rationality in this space\nEffect: increasingly difficult to discern end-consumer pricing dynamics and its impact on competitive positioning\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "34b3f3b3"
    },
    {
      "context": "TSMC and Samsung are expected to deploy GAA in future processes (3-nm and below), and we believe Intel has an opportunity to regain manufacturing leadership if it can better deploy GAA.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: it can better deploy GAA\nEffect: Intel has an opportunity to regain manufacturing leadership\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "d43efe23"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect Macerich to continue improving its portfolio through redevelopment, opportunistic acquisitions, and asset sales, which should deliver strong earnings growth for Macerich over time.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Macerich to continue improving its portfolio through redevelopment, opportunistic acquisitions, and asset sales\nEffect: deliver strong earnings growth for Macerich over time\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "510df92c"
    },
    {
      "context": "This is followed by a steep 13% decline in revenue growth in 2022 as the availability of COVID-19 vaccines diminishes demand for the diagnostic tests.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the availability of COVID-19 vaccines diminishes demand for the diagnostic tests\nEffect: This is followed by a steep 13% decline in revenue growth in 2022\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "f1289d11"
    },
    {
      "context": "Institutional private equity players such as Blackstone and Bay Grove Capital have shown an increased appetite to invest in the market because of favorable growth prospects.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: favorable growth prospects\nEffect: Institutional private equity players such as Blackstone and Bay Grove Capital have shown an increased appetite to invest in the market\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "92f84906"
    },
    {
      "context": "With competition rising, we anticipate margins will be pressured long term, though improved pricing practices as well as supply chain, marketing, and distribution capabilities should help offset the strain, as should a growing private-label portfolio and procurement leverage.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: competition rising\nEffect: margins will be pressured long term\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "35eb2ff8"
    },
    {
      "context": "With competition rising, we anticipate margins will be pressured long term, though improved pricing practices as well as supply chain, marketing, and distribution capabilities should help offset the strain, as should a growing private-label portfolio and procurement leverage.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: improved pricing practices as well as supply chain\nEffect: marketing, and distribution capabilities should help offset the strain\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "df68043a"
    },
    {
      "context": "With competition rising, we anticipate margins will be pressured long term, though improved pricing practices as well as supply chain, marketing, and distribution capabilities should help offset the strain, as should a growing private-label portfolio and procurement leverage.",
      "question": "2 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: a growing private-label portfolio and procurement leverage\nEffect: marketing, and distribution capabilities should help offset the strain\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "55d9c638"
    },
    {
      "context": "Caterpillar has since changed its approach in recent years to develop products that address customer-specific performance needs in this customer segment.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: develop products that address customer-specific performance needs in this customer segment\nEffect: Caterpillar has since changed its approach in recent years\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "30f331e3"
    },
    {
      "context": "The partnership agreements that Synchrony signs in these segments are often not exclusive, which means that a retailer could be offering multiple financing options alongside Synchrony's credit cards. As a result, Synchrony competes with all forms of consumer financing in these segments, and its partners are mostly interested in Synchrony's ability to issue additional loans with large promotional discounts to facilitate their sales.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: The partnership agreements that Synchrony signs in these segments are often not exclusive\nEffect: a retailer could be offering multiple financing options alongside Synchrony's credit cards\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "dad1ef79"
    },
    {
      "context": "The partnership agreements that Synchrony signs in these segments are often not exclusive, which means that a retailer could be offering multiple financing options alongside Synchrony's credit cards. As a result, Synchrony competes with all forms of consumer financing in these segments, and its partners are mostly interested in Synchrony's ability to issue additional loans with large promotional discounts to facilitate their sales.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: The partnership agreements that Synchrony signs in these segments are often not exclusive, which means that a retailer could be offering multiple financing options alongside Synchrony's credit cards\nEffect: Synchrony competes with all forms of consumer financing in these segments, and its partners are mostly interested in Synchrony's ability to issue additional loans with large promotional discounts to facilitate their sales\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "fd8918db"
    },
    {
      "context": "However, even if a tenant wanted to move, we think the costs associated with switching would make it uneconomical from a monetary point of view and would introduce material risk.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the costs associated with switching\nEffect: make it uneconomical from a monetary point of view and would introduce material risk\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "fa45c8b2"
    },
    {
      "context": "These efforts should help elevate sales and ultimately stem the pronounced declines of its local brands on an aggregate basis (erosion that management has attributed to underspending in both R&amp;D and marketing in the past). As such, management is targeting mid-single-digit long-term sales gains in its emerging-market regions (which account for more than one third of its sales), in excess of the low-single-digit growth it aims to chalk up in developed regions, both of which align with our forecast.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: These efforts should help elevate sales and ultimately stem the pronounced declines of its local brands on an aggregate basis (erosion that management has attributed to underspending in both R&amp;D and marketing in the past)\nEffect: management is targeting mid-single-digit long-term sales gains in its emerging-market regions (which account for more than one third of its sales), in excess of the low-single-digit growth it aims to chalk up in developed regions, both of which align with our forecast\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "efa4ed3d"
    },
    {
      "context": "In 2013, Kinross canceled the project and wrote off all of its carrying value because it was unable to reach an agreement with the Ecuadoran government on economic and legal terms.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: it was unable to reach an agreement with the Ecuadoran government on economic and legal terms\nEffect: Kinross canceled the project and wrote off all of its carrying value\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "0032f301"
    },
    {
      "context": "To further its control over the NGL value chain, Enterprise has built out a number of petrochemical assets, including propylene pipelines, propane dehydrogenation (PDH), and isobutane dehydrogenation (iBDH) facilities, which allow the partnership to extract higher value olefins from feedstock.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Enterprise has built out a number of petrochemical assets, including propylene pipelines, propane dehydrogenation (PDH), and isobutane dehydrogenation (iBDH) facilities\nEffect: allow the partnership to extract higher value olefins from feedstock\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "4bf1ef1c"
    },
    {
      "context": "Additionally, this consolidation of purchasing power helps Cigna extract discounts from drug manufacturers on one end of the transaction and pharmacies on the other end of the transaction, which should create significant value for its clients such as insurance plans and employers.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: this consolidation of purchasing power helps Cigna extract discounts from drug manufacturers on one end of the transaction and pharmacies on the other end of the transaction\nEffect: create significant value for its clients such as insurance plans and employers\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "485c7809"
    },
    {
      "context": "Additionally, this consolidation of purchasing power helps Cigna extract discounts from drug manufacturers on one end of the transaction and pharmacies on the other end of the transaction, which should create significant value for its clients such as insurance plans and employers.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: this consolidation of purchasing power\nEffect: Cigna extract discounts from drug manufacturers on one end of the transaction and pharmacies on the other end of the transaction\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "2389f512"
    },
    {
      "context": "Management initially wanted to remove as much friction from the sales process as possible, so it eschewed the direct salesforce model, offered its products at generally lower prices than competitors, and allowed users to be up and running within a matter of hours rather than months.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Management initially wanted to remove as much friction from the sales process as possible\nEffect: it eschewed the direct salesforce model, offered its products at generally lower prices than competitors, and allowed users to be up and running within a matter of hours rather than months\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "73c1f3a2"
    },
    {
      "context": "By working with advertisers, Facebook is also adding a similar click-and-buy feature to photo and video ads, especially on Instagram, where viewers can click on a product they like within the video and get more information about it or purchase it.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: By working with advertisers\nEffect: Facebook is also adding a similar click-and-buy feature to photo and video ads, especially on Instagram\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "be051482"
    },
    {
      "context": "Even so, they are subject to only modest operating leverage and therefore offer limited potential to augment the returns on invested capital earned by the steelmaking businesses as volume increases over our explicit forecast period.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: volume increases over our explicit forecast period\nEffect: they are subject to only modest operating leverage\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "f3d52b4c"
    },
    {
      "context": "Even so, they are subject to only modest operating leverage and therefore offer limited potential to augment the returns on invested capital earned by the steelmaking businesses as volume increases over our explicit forecast period.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: they are subject to only modest operating leverage\nEffect: offer limited potential to augment the returns on invested capital earned by the steelmaking businesses\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "be2812d1"
    },
    {
      "context": "Standard qPCR also faces competitive risk from sequencing technologies, which could begin to infringe on PCR as the industry standard.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Standard qPCR also faces competitive risk\nEffect: infringe on PCR as the industry standard\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "2806adc5"
    },
    {
      "context": "Additionally, the rejection of merger proposals in 1998 between Royal Bank of Canada and BMO, and between Toronto Dominion and Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce, created a precedent where no further consolidation between the main Canadian banks will be accepted by the regulators.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the rejection of merger proposals in 1998 between Royal Bank of Canada and BMO, and between Toronto Dominion and Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce\nEffect: a precedent where no further consolidation between the main Canadian banks will be accepted by the regulators\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "054eef79"
    },
    {
      "context": "Our base scenario assumes that the bank's efficiency ratio eventually declines to 57% as management completes the latest cost-improvement initiatives.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: management completes the latest cost-improvement initiatives\nEffect: the bank's efficiency ratio eventually declines to 57%\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "7797a2c5"
    },
    {
      "context": "Additionally, Kayak and Trivago metasearch competition could intensify, driven by the deep marketing pockets of Booking (owns Kayak) and Expedia (owns Trivago).",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the deep marketing pockets of Booking (owns Kayak) and Expedia (owns Trivago)\nEffect: Kayak and Trivago metasearch competition could intensify\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "3ddf6813"
    },
    {
      "context": "We're also modeling 140 basis points of net operating margin (EBIT/net revenue) gains, to about 29.3% on leverage from net revenue growth, rising transaction automation, and incremental cost savings efforts despite an uptick in travel and entertainment outlays as the economy reopens.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the economy reopens\nEffect: an uptick in travel and entertainment outlays\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "47cea4cf"
    },
    {
      "context": "We're also modeling 140 basis points of net operating margin (EBIT/net revenue) gains, to about 29.3% on leverage from net revenue growth, rising transaction automation, and incremental cost savings efforts despite an uptick in travel and entertainment outlays as the economy reopens.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: net revenue growth, rising transaction automation, and incremental cost savings efforts\nEffect: 140 basis points of net operating margin (EBIT/net revenue) gains, to about 29.3% on leverage\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "95f61d09"
    },
    {
      "context": "Additionally, we think MongoDB's database-as-a-service offering, Atlas, and data lake will bring significant new revenue streams to the company \u2013 as Atlas revenues eclipsed on-premises sales in early fiscal 2022.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Atlas revenues eclipsed on-premises sales in early fiscal 2022\nEffect: MongoDB's database-as-a-service offering, Atlas, and data lake will bring significant new revenue streams to the company\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "8a747de9"
    },
    {
      "context": "With no imminent debt maturities and ample liquidity, we expect Burlington to successfully negotiate uneven near-term inventory flows and localized store traffic restrictions.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: With no imminent debt maturities and ample liquidity\nEffect: Burlington to successfully negotiate uneven near-term inventory flows and localized store traffic restrictions\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "c722d909"
    },
    {
      "context": "This trend of Amphenol's products underpinning advancements in technology that keep its prices elevated can be seen across its many industry verticals.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: This trend of Amphenol's products underpinning advancements in technology that keep its prices elevated\nEffect: be seen across its many industry verticals\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "f87c818f"
    },
    {
      "context": "Similarly, a negative outcome in the pending litigation with IQVIA could have an adverse impact on Veeva's data offering, as IQVIA is the leading provider of pharmaceutical data pricing.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: IQVIA is the leading provider of pharmaceutical data pricing\nEffect: a negative outcome in the pending litigation with IQVIA could have an adverse impact on Veeva's data offering\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "e99f5fb5"
    },
    {
      "context": "Boosted by government stimulus, pent-up demand, and low markdown rates, the firm achieved 58% year-over-year sales growth and a 7.9% operating margin in fiscal 2022's first quarter.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: government stimulus, pent-up demand, and low markdown rates\nEffect: the firm achieved 58% year-over-year sales growth and a 7.9% operating margin in fiscal 2022's first quarter\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "e8dc0059"
    },
    {
      "context": "Electric vehicle demand could undershoot expectations if fuel cell technology were to overtake lithium as the dominant power source for next-generation vehicles.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: fuel cell technology were to overtake lithium as the dominant power source for next-generation vehicles\nEffect: Electric vehicle demand could undershoot expectations\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "d0228c80"
    },
    {
      "context": "A recovery more mild than we have anticipated would provide a near-term softness in Hardie's sales growth relative to expectations, and thus a challenge to valuation.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: A recovery more mild than we have anticipated\nEffect: a near-term softness in Hardie's sales growth relative to expectations\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "d4e42afa"
    },
    {
      "context": "A recovery more mild than we have anticipated would provide a near-term softness in Hardie's sales growth relative to expectations, and thus a challenge to valuation.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: a near-term softness in Hardie's sales growth relative to expectations\nEffect: a challenge to valuation\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "7ff312b0"
    },
    {
      "context": "While we think this service can be an attractive differentiator for US Foods, there is no evidence that it has resulted in a competitive advantage, as it has not resulted in organic market share gains, or even economic profits.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: it has not resulted in organic market share gains, or even economic profits.\nEffect: there is no evidence that it has resulted in a competitive advantage,\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "3028072c"
    },
    {
      "context": "The central government's sustained crackdown on graft is also hurting gambling demand in Macao as VIPs maintain a low profile.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: The central government's sustained crackdown on graft\nEffect: gambling demand in Macao\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "66a7de1b"
    },
    {
      "context": "The central government's sustained crackdown on graft is also hurting gambling demand in Macao as VIPs maintain a low profile.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: The central government's sustained crackdown on graft\nEffect: VIPs maintain a low profile\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "7f3ef73e"
    },
    {
      "context": "That said, we believe that as it relates to the more immediate retail dynamics of store positioning and slotting fees, Monster's products benefit from similar positioning as proprietary Coke brands.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: it relates to the more immediate retail dynamics of store positioning and slotting fees\nEffect: Monster's products benefit from similar positioning as proprietary Coke brands\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "95b2b76a"
    },
    {
      "context": "The bank has historically seen a cost of funding 10-20 basis points lower than its closest rival, and success of digital banking initiatives could drive new account growth higher and the proportion of time deposits in the mix lower.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: success of digital banking initiatives\nEffect: drive new account growth higher and the proportion of time deposits in the mix lower\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "e39a8671"
    },
    {
      "context": "Furthermore, in order to stay on the cutting edge of industry developments and scale up the production of emergent metallurgical solutions, the company will have to navigate sizable reinvestment cycles.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the company will have to navigate sizable reinvestment cycles\nEffect: stay on the cutting edge of industry developments and scale up the production of emergent metallurgical solutions\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "b5a88da5"
    },
    {
      "context": "COVID-19 has disrupted the ERP implementation and business transformation efforts but we anticipate the lion's share of the domestic ERP implementation will be completed in 2021.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: COVID-19\nEffect: the ERP implementation and business transformation efforts\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "6af47921"
    },
    {
      "context": "Multinationals typically have substantial bargaining power--especially with numerous global network alternatives--and resources to employ sophisticated personnel, allowing them to play a part in managing their own networks and leading to lower-margin revenue.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: numerous global network alternatives--and resources to employ sophisticated personnel\nEffect: managing their own networks and leading to lower-margin revenue\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "012f9956"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe Ulta performed well in this marketplace because it has a strong selection of merchandise and services and women enjoy shopping in its stores.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: it has a strong selection of merchandise and services and women enjoy shopping in its stores\nEffect: We believe Ulta performed well in this marketplace\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "f08da30d"
    },
    {
      "context": "We also see a favorable demand backdrop for the commercial HVAC business, which we think can support at least mid-single-digit growth over the next few years.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: a favorable demand backdrop for the commercial HVAC business\nEffect: support at least mid-single-digit growth over the next few years\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "63fa06a8"
    },
    {
      "context": "We have raised our long-term tax rate estimate to 29% from 24% in anticipation of a corporate tax increase in the United States.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: a corporate tax increase in the United States\nEffect: We have raised our long-term tax rate estimate to 29% from 24%\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "30ce0082"
    },
    {
      "context": "A potential competitor would need to attract a critical mass of trading volume before it could offer its customers comparable execution to CME, a difficult prospect as its initial user base would need to be willing to accept higher trading costs during the startup process.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: its initial user base would need to be willing to accept higher trading costs during the startup process\nEffect: a difficult prospect\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "a2e67871"
    },
    {
      "context": "The growth of streaming platforms like Spotify benefits the major labels like Warner Music for both its recorded music and publishing segments.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: The growth of streaming platforms\nEffect: the major labels like Warner Music for both its recorded music and publishing segments\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "6a9fa797"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect it to eventually boost returns as it optimizes its stores and assortment and executes on new CEO Michael O'Sullivan's plans to favor more opportunistic merchandising (expected fiscal 2030 return of 17%).",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: optimizes its stores and assortment and executes on new CEO Michael O'Sullivan's plans to favor more opportunistic merchandising\nEffect: boost returns\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "d53f8386"
    },
    {
      "context": "Our assumptions include a challenging period in 2020-21 due to the COVID-19 crisis that is creating risks associated with policy pricing and the employment environment, which threatens commercial insurance rolls.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the COVID-19 crisis\nEffect: a challenging period\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "582c85f8"
    },
    {
      "context": "Anything that is not consistent with the zeitgeist can give rise to the possibility that a company's business model will be disrupted.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Anything that is not consistent with the zeitgeist\nEffect: give rise to the possibility that a company's business model will be disrupted\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "11995381"
    },
    {
      "context": "Further, with around 40% of sales generated outside the U.S., Kellogg is exposed to foreign exchange fluctuations from time to time, which may eat into sales and profits.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: around 40% of sales generated outside the U.S.\nEffect: Kellogg is exposed to foreign exchange fluctuations from time to time\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "25df35a4"
    },
    {
      "context": "Further, with around 40% of sales generated outside the U.S., Kellogg is exposed to foreign exchange fluctuations from time to time, which may eat into sales and profits.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Kellogg is exposed to foreign exchange fluctuations from time to time\nEffect: eat into sales and profits\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "2cfb55e1"
    },
    {
      "context": "Still, we forecast direct-to-consumer revenue to rise to 44% of total revenue by the end of this decade. This should allow Under Armour to have better control over its brand, but we do not see evidence that it allows for premium pricing and see it as a defensive move.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: direct-to-consumer revenue to rise to 44% of total revenue by the end of this decade\nEffect: Under Armour to have better control over its brand, but we do not see evidence that it allows for premium pricing and see it as a defensive move\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "f85bbb68"
    },
    {
      "context": "We are decreasing our fair value estimate for Hannover Re to EUR 150.0 from EUR 156.00 per share based on slightly lower revenue numbers.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: slightly lower revenue numbers\nEffect: We are decreasing our fair value estimate for Hannover Re to EUR 150.0 from EUR 156.00 per share\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "f3150b71"
    },
    {
      "context": "Even when throughput has lagged, Energy Transfer has such strong pricing power it raises reservation fees, keeping margins steady and growing through commodity cycles.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: keeping margins steady and growing through commodity cycle\nEffect: Energy Transfer has such strong pricing power it raises reservation fees\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "56141c56"
    },
    {
      "context": "While we believe Samsung is another major customer (above the 10% threshold), we think Broadcom's remaining segments are relatively better diversified and should mitigate some of the sharp swings to which other smartphone component suppliers are susceptible.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Broadcom's remaining segments are relatively better diversified\nEffect: mitigate some of the sharp swings to which other smartphone component suppliers are susceptible\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "2f4d8f7b"
    },
    {
      "context": "Still, in May 2020, President Akio Toyoda said 3 million units and Japan employment will be maintained no matter how bad the economic situation is because people make things society needs.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: people make things society needs\nEffect: 3 million units and Japan employment will be maintained\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "e46ea2be"
    },
    {
      "context": "However, Tapestry's third quarter of fiscal 2021 was better than expected as e-commerce and strong sales in mainland China (up more than 40% as compared with two years earlier) partially offset store disruptions.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: e-commerce and strong sales in mainland China (up more than 40% as compared with two years earlier) partially offset store disruptions\nEffect: Tapestry's third quarter of fiscal 2021 was better than expected\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "28de15d2"
    },
    {
      "context": "Years of government efforts have done little to stem illegal cannabis, but a change to the ease of accessing black market supplies could have a significant impact on the pricing power, and thus the profitability of legal cannabis companies.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: a change to the ease of accessing black market supplies\nEffect: have a significant impact on the pricing power\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "8c300131"
    },
    {
      "context": "Years of government efforts have done little to stem illegal cannabis, but a change to the ease of accessing black market supplies could have a significant impact on the pricing power, and thus the profitability of legal cannabis companies.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: a change to the ease of accessing black market supplies\nEffect: the profitability of legal cannabis companies\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "3e373b37"
    },
    {
      "context": "We look for gross margin expansion, as net revenue is likely to grow faster than portions of Lyft's cost of revenue, including hosting and payment processing costs.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: net revenue is likely to grow faster than portions of Lyft's cost of revenue\nEffect: We look for gross margin expansion\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "38109f35"
    },
    {
      "context": "Nucor enjoys a low-cost position on the steelmaking cost curve because of its favorable iron unit costs for the production of sheet, plate, and special bar quality steel.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: its favorable iron unit costs for the production of sheet, plate, and special bar quality steel\nEffect: Nucor enjoys a low-cost position on the steelmaking cost curve\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "55c56f93"
    },
    {
      "context": "We are lifting our valuation of Advance to $207 per share from $198, after it announced strong first-quarter results (25% comparable growth, slightly more than management's 22%-24% estimate announced at the firm's investor day on April 20).",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: it announced strong first-quarter results (25% comparable growth, slightly more than management's 22%-24% estimate announced at the firm's investor day on April 20)\nEffect: We are lifting our valuation of Advance to $207 per share from $198\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "cf63b53c"
    },
    {
      "context": "In addition, we expect coronavirus-related restaurant disruptions and changes in consumer behavior (including reduced morning commuters) will have a lasting impact on the industry, potentially changing how operators design and build locations in the future.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: coronavirus-related restaurant disruptions and changes in consumer behavior\nEffect: a lasting impact on the industry, potentially changing how operators design and build locations in the future\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "429ec9e4"
    },
    {
      "context": "Given that GitHub is a repository for source code and an online collaboration community for software developers, it enjoys some level of network effect as the \"\"\"\"Facebook for programmers,\"\"\"\" and makes Visual Studio a stickier product.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: GitHub is a repository for source code and an online collaboration community for software developers\nEffect: it enjoys some level of network effect as the \"\"\"\"Facebook for programmers,\"\"\"\" and makes Visual Studio a stickier product\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "426a2421"
    },
    {
      "context": "To widen its product spectrum and potentially cope with the trend of social e-commerce, Weibo launched an interest-based social product, Oasis, in the fourth quarter of 2019.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Weibo launched an interest-based social product\nEffect: widen its product spectrum and potentially cope with the trend of social e-commerce\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "e6cadf6c"
    },
    {
      "context": "As technology solutions become a larger element of farming and a bigger fraction of equipment costs, switching costs are further enhanced.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: echnology solutions become a larger element of farming and a bigger fraction of equipment costs\nEffect: costs are further enhanced\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "e7040836"
    },
    {
      "context": "However, we aren't blind to the fact that strict lockdowns enacted in these markets early in the pandemic could once again plague its operations if a subsequent wave of COVID-19 persists.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: a subsequent wave of COVID-19 persists\nEffect: strict lockdowns enacted in these markets early in the pandemic could once again plague its operations\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "99f7edd7"
    },
    {
      "context": "Increasing environmental and government regulations, as well as political opposition, have made new pipeline projects increasingly difficult to sanction in recent years.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Increasing environmental and government regulations, as well as political opposition\nEffect: new pipeline projects increasingly difficult to sanction in recent years\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "79f72369"
    },
    {
      "context": "In our view, this indicates a weaker network effect than our previous rating, which could keep adjusted operating margins peaking in the low- to mid-30s, consistent with historical levels.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: a weaker network effect than our previous rating\nEffect: keep adjusted operating margins peaking in the low- to mid-30s\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "48d43741"
    },
    {
      "context": "Retailers will want to keep their stores in the top retail locations as the strong demographic trends produce high foot traffic and strong sales growth, but even these assets will slow in the future.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the strong demographic trends produce high foot traffic and strong sales growth, but even these assets will slow in the future\nEffect: Retailers will want to keep their stores in the top retail locations\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "fa0156b5"
    },
    {
      "context": "For example, Bristol's Eliquis (cardiovascular), Revlimid (cancer), and Opdivo (cancer) generate well over 50% of the firm's total sales and the drugs have significant exposure to the Medicare channel, but the upcoming patent loss for Revlimid should lessen this dependence.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: the upcoming patent loss for Revlimid\nEffect: this dependence\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "8844589f"
    },
    {
      "context": "This concern, combined with the fact that IFF's solutions account for a very small portion of their customers' unit costs of production (less than 2%), typically leads to sticky business relationships.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: combined with the fact that IFF's solutions account for a very small portion of their customers' unit costs of production (less than 2%)\nEffect: sticky business relationships\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "81664681"
    },
    {
      "context": "Additionally, the company's automotive glass interlayers, which are among the best in the industry, should benefit from greater demand as increased electric vehicle sales will require energy-efficient windows to extend battery range.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: increased electric vehicle sales will require energy-efficient windows to extend battery range\nEffect: the company's automotive glass interlayers, which are among the best in the industry, should benefit from greater demand\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "ede98514"
    },
    {
      "context": "Additionally, the company's automotive glass interlayers, which are among the best in the industry, should benefit from greater demand as increased electric vehicle sales will require energy-efficient windows to extend battery range.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: energy-efficient windows\nEffect: extend battery range\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "572a12ea"
    },
    {
      "context": "Finally, in safety and productivity solutions, the biggest concern we have includes rapid changes in technology, which can obviate the impact of some of Honeywell's software investments and translate into diminished returns on capital projects relative to the firm's expectations.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the biggest concern we have includes rapid changes in technology\nEffect: obviate the impact of some of Honeywell's software investments and translate into diminished returns on capital projects relative to the firm's expectations\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "db5377dd"
    },
    {
      "context": "With no imminent debt maturities and ample liquidity, we expect Burlington to successfully negotiate uneven near-term inventory flows and potential localized store shutdowns and traffic restrictions.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: no imminent debt maturities and ample liquidity\nEffect: Burlington to successfully negotiate uneven near-term inventory flows and potential localized store shutdowns and traffic restrictions\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "dcf982ba"
    },
    {
      "context": "We recently lowered our fair value estimate on the shares of Veoneer to $24 from $26 after rolling our model to the new fiscal year and incorporating the currently harsh macro-operating environment from COVID-19.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: rolling our model to the new fiscal year and incorporating the currently harsh macro-operating environment from COVID-19\nEffect: lowered our fair value estimate on the shares of Veoneer to $24 from $26\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "7887987b"
    },
    {
      "context": "In other words, it is already pitching a variety of solutions to enterprises worth millions of dollars and therefore can easily pitch Accenture Interactive services.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: it is already pitching a variety of solutions to enterprises worth millions of dollars\nEffect: easily pitch Accenture Interactive services\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "8fbe5058"
    },
    {
      "context": "Mode was never fully integrated into Hub's core operations, in part because of its different salesforce model (agent-based), and we believe management was looking to free up cash for acquisitions.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: its different salesforce model (agent-based)\nEffect: Mode was never fully integrated into Hub's core operations\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "bb9f64a6"
    },
    {
      "context": "Credit card portfolios from shuttered retailers also typically see elevated charge-off rates as the accounts run off, making bankruptcy a credit risk for ADS, as well.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Credit card portfolios from shuttered retailers also typically see elevated charge-off rates as the accounts run off\nEffect: bankruptcy a credit risk for ADS\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "cdf8bdd7"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect the firm to achieve cost efficiencies through digitalization, lower marketing spending, and regulatory costs in Thailand (concession to license regime change), will lead to a steady EBITDA margin improvement and propel the margin above 43% by 2024.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the firm to achieve cost efficiencies through digitalization, lower marketing spending, and regulatory costs in Thailand (concession to license regime change)\nEffect: a steady EBITDA margin improvement\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "ab61f02a"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect the firm to achieve cost efficiencies through digitalization, lower marketing spending, and regulatory costs in Thailand (concession to license regime change), will lead to a steady EBITDA margin improvement and propel the margin above 43% by 2024.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the firm to achieve cost efficiencies through digitalization, lower marketing spending, and regulatory costs in Thailand (concession to license regime change)\nEffect: the margin above 43% by 2024\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "c710c872"
    },
    {
      "context": "Third, Splunk is not yet profitable on a GAAP basis, as the firm maintains high level of investments in product development and sales and marketing.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the firm maintains high level of investments in product development and sales and marketing\nEffect: Splunk is not yet profitable on a GAAP basis\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "ed046635"
    },
    {
      "context": "In addition, we believe S&amp;P benefits from the network effect as it maintains a network of issuers and investors.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: it maintains a network of issuers and investors\nEffect: S&amp;P benefits from the network effect\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "b3571838"
    },
    {
      "context": "For many years, Rogers has been one of three Canadian wireless service providers whose collective market dominance has made it very difficult for others to legitimately compete.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: collective market dominance has made it very difficult for others to legitimately compete\nEffect: Rogers has been one of three Canadian wireless service providers\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "1147c00d"
    },
    {
      "context": "Over the long run, Discover Financial Services' unique role as a credit card lender focused on Middle America, and operating a proprietary payment network, puts the company in an interesting strategic position.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Discover Financial Services' unique role as a credit card lender focused on Middle America, and operating a proprietary payment network\nEffect: the company in an interesting strategic position\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "86019705"
    },
    {
      "context": "Within personal lines, we expect Travelers to maintain good underwriting results due to the pandemic and the resulting reduction in miles driven, but for the combined ratio to deteriorate over time as the line mean reverts to more normalized results.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the pandemic and the resulting reduction in miles driven\nEffect: Travelers to maintain good underwriting results\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "d90aefb5"
    },
    {
      "context": "Within personal lines, we expect Travelers to maintain good underwriting results due to the pandemic and the resulting reduction in miles driven, but for the combined ratio to deteriorate over time as the line mean reverts to more normalized results.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the line mean reverts to more normalized results\nEffect: the combined ratio to deteriorate over time\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "31d7ce02"
    },
    {
      "context": "Specifically, key peer ICU Medical has estimated that it would take about $300 million and three years to build a manufacturing facility that would allow a new entrant to gain enough scale to compete effectively in the IV solutions business.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: take about $300 million and three years to build a manufacturing facility\nEffect: compete effectively in the IV solutions business\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "aa9b8a20"
    },
    {
      "context": "Less fragmented and well-integrated banking systems like the Canadian system have tended to be more stable over time, reducing risk.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Less fragmented and well-integrated banking systems like the Canadian system have tended to be more stable over time\nEffect: reducing risk\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "a91fec15"
    },
    {
      "context": "Like other component companies, Amphenol's near-term growth is a function of increased content in the global automotive market, in our view.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: increased content in the global automotive market\nEffect: Amphenol's near-term growth\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "bda0cad7"
    },
    {
      "context": "For 2021, we have marginally lifted our sales estimate (to $18.4 billion from $18.3 billion) but have significantly raised our operating margin forecast to 4.8% from 3.9%, leading to an adjusted EPS forecast that improves to $2.85 from our prior $2.29 estimate.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: marginally lifted our sales estimate| significantly raised our operating margin forecast to 4.8% from 3.9%,\nEffect: adjusted EPS forecast that improves to $2.85 from our prior $2.29 estimate.\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "f1330f5c"
    },
    {
      "context": "As Franklin has historically generated a majority of its sales in any given period from a handful of funds, it faces the risk that underperformance has a heavier impact on flows.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Franklin has historically generated a majority of its sales in any given period from a handful of funds\nEffect: it faces the risk that underperformance has a heavier impact on flows\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "488a2273"
    },
    {
      "context": "While we recognize that these multiples are elevated from normal levels, we think multiple expansion is justified because we expect a substantial ramp up in production post-pandemic to serve the firm's backlog of roughly 7,200 aircraft.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: we expect a substantial ramp up in production post-pandemic to serve the firm's backlog of roughly 7,200 aircraft\nEffect: we think multiple expansion is justified\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "8a77fedb"
    },
    {
      "context": "With 2021 set to be plagued by inconsistent pricing strategies as Norwegian and the other cruise operators try to entice cruisers to sail again, we don't see Norwegian reaching near 2019 pricing again until 2023.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: inconsistent pricing strategies\nEffect: Norwegian reaching near 2019 pricing again until 2023\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "70c0e2fa"
    },
    {
      "context": "With 2021 set to be plagued by inconsistent pricing strategies as Norwegian and the other cruise operators try to entice cruisers to sail again, we don't see Norwegian reaching near 2019 pricing again until 2023.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Norwegian and the other cruise operators try to entice cruisers to sail again\nEffect: inconsistent pricing strategies\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "755ff727"
    },
    {
      "context": "The large distributors continue to fare better than many in healthcare, as providers have been pressed to rely on their supply chain partners to navigate the operating challenges during the pandemic.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: providers have been pressed to rely on their supply chain partners to navigate the operating challenges during the pandemic\nEffect: he large distributors continue to fare better\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "6fd6fdb0"
    },
    {
      "context": "Mode was never fully integrated into Hub's core operations because of its different salesforce model (agent-based), and we believe management was looking to free up cash for tuck-in acquisitions like CaseStack in late 2018.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: its different salesforce model (agent-based)\nEffect: Mode was never fully integrated into Hub's core operations\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "abad12a5"
    },
    {
      "context": "While budgeting tools, pro-active alerts, or Siri shortcuts, may not be crucial for all customers, this investment will help prevent switching of customers based on the digital offering alone.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: budgeting tools, pro-active alerts, or Siri shortcuts\nEffect: switching of customers based on the digital offering alone\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "94c3682a"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe the laboratory services segment will grow at a double-digit rate for the next several years, with volume increases driven by expansion in the clinical trial business.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: expansion in the clinical trial business\nEffect: volume increases\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "52dd83bf"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe the laboratory services segment will grow at a double-digit rate for the next several years, with volume increases driven by expansion in the clinical trial business.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: volume increases driven by expansion in the clinical trial business\nEffect: the laboratory services segment will grow at a double-digit rate for the next several years\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "77799042"
    },
    {
      "context": "The coronavirus situationresulted in a sharp increase in credit cost in fiscal 2020 but this is expected to normalise in 2021.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: The coronavirus situation\nEffect: a sharp increase in credit cost in fiscal 2020\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "5edc09ee"
    },
    {
      "context": "A material portion of Amex's billings (roughly 30%) are related to the travel and entertainment industry, further exposing the company to some of the most affected industries. These trends will eventually reverse as the economy recovers, but Amex will indeed be dependent on that recovery to return to pre-COVID-19 profitability levels.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: A material portion of Amex's billings (roughly 30%) are related to the travel and entertainment industry, further exposing the company to some of the most affected industries\nEffect: reverse as the economy recovers, but Amex will indeed be dependent on that recovery to return to pre-COVID-19 profitability levels\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "c206f2d0"
    },
    {
      "context": "However, we believe Royal could generate average ROICs of 5% over the next decade, below our weighted average cost of capital, hindered by the secular fallout stemming from COVID-19.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the secular fallout stemming from COVID-19\nEffect: Royal could generate average ROICs of 5% over the next decade, below our weighted average cost of capital\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "4641b19f"
    },
    {
      "context": "Finally, we expect Caesars' to generate synergies from its merger with Eldorado above our prior expectation, with margins benefiting from a stronger demand recovery. As a result, we have lifted our 2021 EBITDA margin estimate to the mid-30s from 30% prior, while our long-term margins surpass 40% versus high 30s previously.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Caesars' to generate synergies from its merger with Eldorado above our prior expectation, with margins benefiting from a stronger demand recovery\nEffect: we have lifted our 2021 EBITDA margin estimate to the mid-30s from 30% prior, while our long-term margins surpass 40% versus high 30s previously\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "b7ecc2ac"
    },
    {
      "context": "Also, Google would likely have trouble convincing online travel companies to use its platform to source air content versus Sabre, given the search giant poses a larger competitive threat than Sabre to these operators.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the search giant poses a larger competitive threat than Sabre to these operators\nEffect: Google would likely have trouble convincing online travel companies to use its platform to source air content versus Sabre\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "5d8030ff"
    },
    {
      "context": "Plus, while Spotify may be able to reach distribution agreements directly with artists, doing so may put the firm at a further disadvantage when negotiating with record labels.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Spotify may be able to reach distribution agreements directly with artists\nEffect: put the firm at a further disadvantage when negotiating with record labels\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "e01ee6c6"
    },
    {
      "context": "The firm lost market share in its important firewall business, and we believe it is at a critical time to expand its customer presence as enterprises use more cloud-based applications.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: enterprises use more cloud-based applications\nEffect: it is at a critical time to expand its customer presence\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "380341fc"
    },
    {
      "context": "Demand for the firm's barcode printers and relevant supplies and services should remain high as healthcare needs rise in the near term.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: healthcare needs rise in the near term\nEffect: Demand for the firm's barcode printers and relevant supplies and services\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "3f05ec39"
    },
    {
      "context": "We forecast a high probability of increased emissions regulations but think costs are likely to be passed on to customers, limiting the economic impact.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: costs are likely to be passed on to customers\nEffect: limiting the economic impact\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "7a9615cb"
    },
    {
      "context": "Traditional channel growth should be hard to come by, but we suspect Walmart's robust grocery offering will promote traffic, feeding its ability to leverage costs and investments in automation and infrastructure.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: we suspect Walmart's robust grocery offering\nEffect: will promote traffic, feeding its ability to leverage costs and investments in automation and infrastructure\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "e9112c6e"
    },
    {
      "context": "Albemarle's Chilean expansions and its Talison joint venture will ramp up production to help meet strong market demand growth.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Albemarle's Chilean expansions and its Talison joint venture will ramp up production\nEffect: meet strong market demand growth\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "f2ebe7b5"
    },
    {
      "context": "Given that Ferguson's core customers are contractors that value its branch offerings, we see little threat from online retailers aiming to disrupt Ferguson's branch model.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: core customers are contractors that value its branch offerings\nEffect: we see little threat from online retailers aiming to disrupt Ferguson's branch model\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "429977ff"
    },
    {
      "context": "Being a Latin America pure play subjects the firm to geopolitical issues that can have a pernicious effect on its competitive positioning and execution.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: Being a Latin America pure play subjects the firm to geopolitical issues\nEffect: its competitive positioning and execution\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "2042fc7b"
    },
    {
      "context": "Similarly, engineers loathe to swap out an analog from an existing design (again, only to save a few pennies on cost) because of the onerous re-design and re-testing costs associated with the switch.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the onerous re-design and re-testing costs associated with the switch\nEffect: engineers loathe to swap out an analog from an existing design (again, only to save a few pennies on cost)\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "994612b3"
    },
    {
      "context": "However, these high affiliate fees when coupled with relatively low viewership of RSNs in comparison with more general entertainment channels have led some pay-TV distributors to question the price and the placement of RSNs.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: these high affiliate fees when coupled with relatively low viewership of RSNs in comparison with more general entertainment channels\nEffect: some pay-TV distributors to question the price and the placement of RSNs\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "f12ed5e1"
    },
    {
      "context": "Pub ownership and operation is a low returns business and requires large amounts of capital and perpetual capital expenditure, but it gives Heineken an insight into consumer tastes and preferences in the on-trade, and allows them to trial new products with a direct feedback loop from the consumer.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Pub ownership and operation is a low returns business and requires large amounts of capital and perpetual capital expenditure\nEffect: it gives Heineken an insight into consumer tastes and preferences in the on-trade, and allows them to trial new products with a direct feedback loop from the consumer\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "6946cdbb"
    },
    {
      "context": "The bank is also more heavily concentrated in states that have historically had a more difficult time during and after recessions, including Ohio and Michigan. These loan categories, combined with the geographic exposure, could lead to elevated losses, particularly if states like Ohio and Michigan struggle economically.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: The bank is also more heavily concentrated in states that have historically had a more difficult time during and after recessions, including Ohio and Michigan\nEffect: These loan categories, combined with the geographic exposure, could lead to elevated losses, particularly if states like Ohio and Michigan struggle economically\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "df285e54"
    },
    {
      "context": "Welltower's management is forward-thinking in terms of portfolio construction and relationship building, allowing it to invest in growing properties and partners and divest struggling properties and partners.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: forward-thinking in terms of portfolio construction and relationship building\nEffect: invest in growing properties and partners and divest struggling properties and partners\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "c5fee8b4"
    },
    {
      "context": "Assuming continued macroeconomic recovery in Europe and the U.S., we expect 5% top-line growth in fiscal 2022 on persistent B2C demand growth, partly offset by tough comparisons.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: tough comparisons\nEffect: 5% top-line growth in fiscal 2022 on persistent B2C demand growth\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "e27ae36a"
    },
    {
      "context": "Assuming continued macroeconomic recovery in Europe and the U.S., we expect 5% top-line growth in fiscal 2022 on persistent B2C demand growth, partly offset by tough comparisons.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: continued macroeconomic recovery in Europe and the U.S.\nEffect: top-line growth in fiscal 2022 on persistent B2C demand growth\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "e9e304cf"
    },
    {
      "context": "Cost leverage should drive the quarter's operating margin higher by nearly 100 basis points (to 10%) versus the same period in fiscal 2019.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Cost leverage\nEffect: the quarter's operating margin higher by nearly 100 basis points (to 10%) versus the same period in fiscal 2019\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "3eb8c19a"
    },
    {
      "context": "Intel's manufacturing struggles have also led to major customers such as Apple, Amazon, and Microsoft developing their own ARM-based CPUs for PCs and servers, which is likely to curb overall growth for Intel's core CPU business as these chips are likely made at TSMC.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Intel's manufacturing struggles\nEffect: major customers such as Apple, Amazon, and Microsoft developing their own ARM-based CPUs for PCs and servers\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "258e4aa9"
    },
    {
      "context": "Intel's manufacturing struggles have also led to major customers such as Apple, Amazon, and Microsoft developing their own ARM-based CPUs for PCs and servers, which is likely to curb overall growth for Intel's core CPU business as these chips are likely made at TSMC.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: these chips are likely made at TSMC\nEffect: overall growth for Intel's core CPU business\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "2a1d1393"
    },
    {
      "context": "In addition, a renewed focus on execution will result in a separate, dedicated salesforce for pet food and the rollout of a proprietary artificial intelligence tool in retail stores.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: a renewed focus on execution\nEffect: a separate, dedicated salesforce for pet food and the rollout of a proprietary artificial intelligence tool in retail stores\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "73b1f991"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe TCCC is keenly aware of this reality, and the support it provides for bottlers like Coca-Cola Femsa should allow the latter to maintain its operating profile in the midst of economic uncertainty and competitive intensity.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: he support it provides\nEffect: allow the latter to maintain its operating profile in the midst of economic uncertainty and competitive intensity\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "d2928aaa"
    },
    {
      "context": "The viral adoption tactic has allowed Dropbox to keep their sales and marketing spending much lower than peer software companies and has helped Dropbox generate 90% of its revenue through a self-service channel.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: The viral adoption tactic\nEffect: has allowed Dropbox to keep their sales and marketing spending much lower than peer software companies and has helped Dropbox generate 90% of its revenue through a self-service channel\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "5a5e1b9e"
    },
    {
      "context": "We think that Pandora will likely see growth in paid subscribers and a slower decline in ad-supported listening hours due to COVID-19 but that lower ad rates will more than offset these benefits.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: COVID-19\nEffect: Pandora will likely see growth in paid subscribers and a slower decline in ad-supported listening hours\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "b0450824"
    },
    {
      "context": "We assume average compound annual revenue growth of roughly 6% through 2025, fueled by nearly 7% growth in the consumer solutions segment, where we think Pentair can continue to capture incremental market share gains thanks to its continuous innovation.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: nearly 7% growth in the consumer solutions segment\nEffect: average compound annual revenue growth of roughly 6% through 2025\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "13c5145b"
    },
    {
      "context": "We assume average compound annual revenue growth of roughly 6% through 2025, fueled by nearly 7% growth in the consumer solutions segment, where we think Pentair can continue to capture incremental market share gains thanks to its continuous innovation.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: its continuous innovation\nEffect: Pentair can continue to capture incremental market share gains\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "4bfc8dfe"
    },
    {
      "context": "Parker should also benefit from large customers' preference of buying from a list of preferred component suppliers, underpinning what we see as strong switching costs, as well as a robust amount of intellectual property protecting this revenue stream.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: large customers' preference of buying from a list of preferred component suppliers\nEffect: Parker should also benefit\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "e6e83b37"
    },
    {
      "context": "Parker should also benefit from large customers' preference of buying from a list of preferred component suppliers, underpinning what we see as strong switching costs, as well as a robust amount of intellectual property protecting this revenue stream.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: large customers' preference of buying from a list of preferred component suppliers\nEffect: underpinning what we see as strong switching costs, as well as a robust amount of intellectual property protecting this revenue stream\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "7f791d07"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe Marvell will achieve a 11% top-line CAGR over the next five years as HDD declines and SSD controller growth offset each other to low-single-digit growth and the firm's networking segment grows in the low teens.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: HDD declines and SSD controller growth offset each other to low-single-digit growth and the firm's networking segment grows in the low teens.\nEffect: Marvell will achieve a 11% top-line CAGR over the next five years\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "a4a00b72"
    },
    {
      "context": "In other words, Accenture is already pitching a variety of solutions to enterprises worth millions of dollars and therefore can easily pitch Accenture Interactive services.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Accenture is already pitching a variety of solutions to enterprises worth millions of dollars\nEffect: easily pitch Accenture Interactive services\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "2a39021b"
    },
    {
      "context": "However, the reduction in our estimate was not due to Ohio as our regulated distribution segment EPS estimate of $2.19 was less than the $2.20 guidance range midpoint for the segment.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: as our regulated distribution segment EPS estimate of $2.19 was less than the $2.20 guidance range midpoint for the segment\nEffect: However, the reduction in our estimate was not due to Ohio\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "87e7d739"
    },
    {
      "context": "Regeneron has little exposure to expensive therapies covered by Medicare Part D, and we therefore do not expect Part D redesign to have an impact on Regeneron's intrinsic value (we assume a 50% probability that such legislation passes).",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Regeneron has little exposure to expensive therapies covered by Medicare Part D\nEffect: and we therefore do not expect Part D redesign to have an impact on Regeneron's intrinsic value (we assume a 50% probability that such legislation passes)\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "e154fb8f"
    },
    {
      "context": "CBRE has been pursuing growth in corporate outsourcing, which is more recurring and thus less cyclical but also entails lower operating margins than the company's core brokerage business.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: growth in corporate outsourcing\nEffect: more recurring and thus less cyclical but also entails lower operating margins than the company's core brokerage business\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "1292640b"
    },
    {
      "context": "Additionally, CVS took on substantial debt to merge with Aetna, which creates another set of financial risks on top of its operational risks.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: CVS took on substantial debt to merge with Aetna\nEffect: creates another set of financial risks on top of its operational risks\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "c23cf889"
    },
    {
      "context": "Since hotel lease terms are for a single night, occupancy and rates get reset each day and quickly reflect changes in the economy.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Since hotel lease terms are for a single night\nEffect: occupancy and rates get reset each day and quickly reflect changes in the economy\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "d361194a"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe analog engineering talent is difficult to come by, as greater emphasis is placed on digital chip improvements, and it often takes years to train up-and-coming analog engineers in the intricacies of chip designs.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: greater emphasis is placed on digital chip improvements, and it often takes years to train up-and-coming analog engineers in the intricacies of chip designs\nEffect: analog engineering talent is difficult to come by\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "1a3fc037"
    },
    {
      "context": "It should be noted, however, that Carlsberg's footprint in China is limited to western provinces, and that on a value basis, Carlsberg's market shares are higher in these markets because of its skew to premium brands.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: its skew to premium brands\nEffect: Carlsberg's market shares are higher in these markets\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "2d62d23a"
    },
    {
      "context": "Additionally, its market share has declined in many key product lines, especially starting in the mid-2000s with the growth of the U.S.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: with the growth of the U.S\nEffect: its market share has declined in many key product lines\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "69d7994c"
    },
    {
      "context": "Both of the firm's 2017 acquisitions (Marvell's multimedia solutions business and Conexant Systems) were margin-accretive, bolstering gross margins, but also opened the firm up to further high margin opportunities and markets in the future as the Internet of Things trend develops.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the Internet of Things trend develops\nEffect: opened the firm up to further high margin opportunities and markets\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "e0adf1c2"
    },
    {
      "context": "Each piece of data is tracked and breadcrumbs are recorded, a centralized access control works with existing identity security providers or acts as the primary security solution for authorization that can restrict certain data to various departments, and an audit trail is recorded.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the primary security solution for authorization that can restrict certain data to various departments, and an audit trail is recorded\nEffect: Each piece of data is tracked and breadcrumbs are recorded, a centralized access control works with existing identity security providers or acts\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "4722f442"
    },
    {
      "context": "Western and Seagate are constantly improving areal storage density and implementing new technologies like heat-assisted magnetic recording, or HAMR, to drive cost per HDD gigabyte down further at large capacity points.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Western and Seagate are constantly improving areal storage density and implementing new technologies like heat-assisted magnetic recording, or HAMR\nEffect: drive cost per HDD gigabyte down further at large capacity points\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "c8272e75"
    },
    {
      "context": "The firm is also introducing much lower priced mobile only plans in markets like India and Malaysia that will drive subscriber growth at the expense of average revenue.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: The firm is also introducing much lower priced mobile only plans in markets like India and Malaysia\nEffect: the expense of average revenue\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "2b683d72"
    },
    {
      "context": "The firm is also introducing much lower priced mobile only plans in markets like India and Malaysia that will drive subscriber growth at the expense of average revenue.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the expense of average revenue\nEffect: subscriber growth\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "fb70e21c"
    },
    {
      "context": "Oil accounts for a smaller proportion of global energy production each year, and a structural shift toward cleaner energy may lead to long-term demand erosion, and thus value destruction for Patterson.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: a structural shift toward cleaner energy\nEffect: long-term demand erosion| value destruction for Patterson\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "ed1da26e"
    },
    {
      "context": "Further, given the relatively asset-light nature of the business, returns on invested capital are very high, averaging almost 200% over the past five years.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the relatively asset-light nature of the business\nEffect: returns on invested capital are very high, averaging almost 200% over the past five years\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "22f4076b"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect solid gross margin expansion (to 40% from 36% in 2019) for the full year despite first-quarter supply and demand disruption (which led to more than 1,200 basis points of deleverage for the period), as volume leverage more than offset this pressure over the remainder of the year.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: volume leverage more than offset this pressure over the remainder of the year\nEffect: solid gross margin expansion (to 40% from 36% in 2019) for the full year despite first-quarter supply and demand disruption (which led to more than 1,200 basis points of deleverage for the period)\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "182dfcd4"
    },
    {
      "context": "If the firm is unable to effectively source and integrate new employees, it could stymie innovation and affect Twilio's competitive positioning.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the firm is unable to effectively source and integrate new employees\nEffect: it could stymie innovation and affect Twilio's competitive positioning\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "3eac3b10"
    },
    {
      "context": "Additionally, thanks to the MRO business (Interline Brands and HD Supply), pro revenue could be less cyclical, as the maintenance side of the business can prove more consistent.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the maintenance side of the business can prove more consistent\nEffect: pro revenue could be less cyclical\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "f7e1fe3f"
    },
    {
      "context": "Furthermore, we believe pricing gains will be bound by the lack of new cruisers over the near term, as those potential customers opt for more safely perceived land-based vacations given the recent media hype.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: those potential customers opt for more safely perceived land-based vacations given the recent media hype\nEffect: we believe pricing gains will be bound by the lack of new cruisers over the near term\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "aeb2045c"
    },
    {
      "context": "Gross margins for Amphenol are slightly below competitors TE Connectivity (32% versus 33%) and Sensata (34%). This is partially due to the different end markets that each company is exposed to and partially due to the particular products supplied to those end markets.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the different end markets that each company is exposed to and partially due to the particular products supplied to those end markets\nEffect: the different end markets that each company is exposed to and partially due to the particular products supplied to those end markets\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "8cd35a68"
    },
    {
      "context": "Ecolab's installed base and consumables model, commonly known as the razor and blade model, is the most important driver of high switching costs.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Ecolab's installed base and consumables model\nEffect: high switching costs\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "6e1c0a96"
    },
    {
      "context": "Additionally, we expect a small decrease in adjusted income from operations as a percentage of revenue (17.2%) as we expect incremental coronavirus-related expenses to continue to offset operating expense leverage.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: incremental coronavirus-related expenses\nEffect: offset operating expense leverage\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "ca5d17a3"
    },
    {
      "context": "Additionally, we expect a small decrease in adjusted income from operations as a percentage of revenue (17.2%) as we expect incremental coronavirus-related expenses to continue to offset operating expense leverage.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: incremental coronavirus-related expenses\nEffect: a small decrease in adjusted income from operations as a percentage of revenue (17.2%)\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "4d514dc8"
    },
    {
      "context": "American Water was unable to treat and remove all of the chemical mixture in its water treatment process and as a result contaminated the drinking water system.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: American Water was unable to treat and remove all of the chemical mixture in its water treatment process\nEffect: contaminated the drinking water system\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "f53ba586"
    },
    {
      "context": "In this segment, Redfin buys homes directly from consumers, allowing them to exchange the convenience of an expedited home sale for slightly less money than they would receive on the open market.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Redfin buys homes directly from consumers\nEffect: allowing them to exchange the convenience of an expedited home sale for slightly less money than they would receive on the open market\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "0b72f419"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect solid wireless results over the next several years thanks to the industry's stable structure, but growth will likely remain only modest over the long term.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the industry's stable structure\nEffect: solid wireless results over the next several years\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "f58448bd"
    },
    {
      "context": "We think nearline drives will sustain healthy demand as rising bandwidth demand leads to data center buildouts\u2014more than offsetting the ongoing decline in the firm's legacy HDD sales.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: nearline drives will sustain healthy demand as rising bandwidth demand\nEffect: data center buildouts\u2014more than offsetting the ongoing decline in the firm's legacy HDD sales\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "6b6b5374"
    },
    {
      "context": "MongoDB is in its infancy but has a massive market opportunity and a large runway for growth ahead of itself. This substantial growth is driven by continued shifts of workloads to a cloud environment, prompting the database market to grow robustly, especially NoSQL databases like document-based databases, as companies realize how much easier it is to scale data storage in the clouds.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: continued shifts of workloads to a cloud environment, prompting the database market to grow robustly, especially NoSQL databases like document-based databases, as companies realize how much easier it is to scale data storage in the clouds\nEffect: MongoDB is in its infancy but has a massive market opportunity and a large runway for growth ahead of itself\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "981cfc38"
    },
    {
      "context": "Over the coming years, we expect margins to expand as Crown pivots increasingly toward Southeast Asia and increases its regional operating rates.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Crown pivots increasingly toward Southeast Asia and increases its regional operating rates\nEffect: margins to expand\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "d5f2d95e"
    },
    {
      "context": "Adoption of products like RPA can have to two to three times revenue uplift potential in the cloud compared with on-premises and can be deployed at very low incremental cost, helping expand gross margins.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Adoption of products like RPA\nEffect: two to three times revenue uplift potential in the cloud compared with on-premises\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "fed0e4e7"
    },
    {
      "context": "Adoption of products like RPA can have to two to three times revenue uplift potential in the cloud compared with on-premises and can be deployed at very low incremental cost, helping expand gross margins.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: be deployed at very low incremental cost\nEffect: expand gross margins\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "cfaf4725"
    },
    {
      "context": "The deal must still be approved by regulators, but once the deal closes, Thomson Reuters will own approximately 15% of the London Stock Exchange, enabling the company to be increasingly focused on enterprise software and legal data.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the deal closes\nEffect: Thomson Reuters will own approximately 15% of the London Stock Exchange\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "e33a608f"
    },
    {
      "context": "The deal must still be approved by regulators, but once the deal closes, Thomson Reuters will own approximately 15% of the London Stock Exchange, enabling the company to be increasingly focused on enterprise software and legal data.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Thomson Reuters will own approximately 15% of the London Stock Exchange\nEffect: enabling the company to be increasingly focused on enterprise software and legal data\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "31e539a3"
    },
    {
      "context": "If interest rates increase, Williams shares could underperform, as a steepening yield curve increases the value of competing income alternatives.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: a steepening yield curve\nEffect: increases the value of competing income alternatives\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "a6e7f296"
    },
    {
      "context": "If interest rates increase, Williams shares could underperform, as a steepening yield curve increases the value of competing income alternatives.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: interest rates increase\nEffect: Williams shares could underperform\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "9e125383"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect General Mills to continue to adjust its portfolio to better align with secular trends, but this strategy has limitations, as it can also impair economic profits.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: it can also impair economic profits\nEffect: We expect General Mills to continue to adjust its portfolio to better align with secular trends, but this strategy has limitations\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "22e59d44"
    },
    {
      "context": "We also expect some continued growth from the fixed-line side as its broadband and other services such as data centers and IT services offset voice declines.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: its broadband and other services such as data centers and IT services offset voice declines\nEffect: some continued growth from the fixed-line side\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "bfc9ad62"
    },
    {
      "context": "We also expect some continued growth from the fixed-line side as its broadband and other services such as data centers and IT services offset voice declines.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: its broadband and other services such as data centers and IT services\nEffect: offset voice declines\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "af572736"
    },
    {
      "context": "This year, Expeditors is seeing air and ocean volume pressure from pandemic lockdowns, though airfreight rates (to shippers) are spiking on tight capacity, providing a strong offset, and demand is rebounding sequentially in the second half.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: pandemic lockdowns\nEffect: Expeditors is seeing air and ocean volume pressure\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "1bbebf7e"
    },
    {
      "context": "Acquisitions that are not integrated effectively can be disruptive to business, straining the firm's relationships with customers and distracting management from strategic priorities.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Acquisitions that are not integrated effectively\nEffect: straining the firm's relationships with customers and distracting management from strategic prioritie\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "d1c8d44f"
    },
    {
      "context": "This results in a total company EBITDA margin of about 19% in 2025, improving from about 17% in 2019. This is largely driven by the higher-margin clinical trials business (2025 EBITDA margin of over 20%) and diluted by the lab segment (5% margin) and reimbursed expenses.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the higher-margin clinical trials business (2025 EBITDA margin of over 20%) and diluted by the lab segment (5% margin) and reimbursed expenses\nEffect: a total company EBITDA margin of about 19% in 2025, improving from about 17% in 2019\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "ac601525"
    },
    {
      "context": "The bank was previously quite exposed to commercial real estate as well as oil and gas, but has since hired a new chief risk officer and reduced the risk in its loan portfolio by diversifying away from these types of loans.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: diversifying away from these types of loans\nEffect: reduced the risk in its loan portfolio\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "8d74df8c"
    },
    {
      "context": "Further, we think Kate Spade's previous management damaged the brand through frequent online flash sales, heavy discounting, and expansions of relatively low-priced products.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: frequent online flash sales, heavy discounting, and expansions of relatively low-priced products\nEffect: Kate Spade's previous management damaged the brand\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "ec2ac587"
    },
    {
      "context": "Steelmakers' profitability is highly linked to raw material prices (the iron ore price in particular), while weak steel demand would result in a reduction in pricing power for Posco.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: weak steel demand\nEffect: a reduction in pricing power for Posco\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "083a5fc7"
    },
    {
      "context": "Segment-wise, we model outsize growth (in the low double digits) for global ventures, as Costa store traffic recovers and the brand expands to new markets and formats such as ready-to-drink.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: as Costa store traffic recovers and the brand expands to new markets and formats such as ready-to-drink\nEffect: Segment-wise, we model outsize growth (in the low double digits) for global ventures\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "593d3812"
    },
    {
      "context": "Much of the company's success hinges on the relationships it has built through years of low prices and excellent customer service at its Southeastern electric utilities.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the relationships it has built through years of low prices and excellent customer service at its Southeastern electric utilities\nEffect: Much of the company's success\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "ccf91a91"
    },
    {
      "context": "We now see 2021 revPAR recovering to the mid-80s of 2019's level versus 79% prior, as increased vaccination rates push travel demand higher.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: increased vaccination rates\nEffect: push travel demand higher\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "0e5378c8"
    },
    {
      "context": "While we see incremental investments deleveraging against weaker travel demand in the near term, our 2024 operating margin (after investments wane and travel demand returns) is 15.7%. As a result of our top-line and cost forecasts, we expect operating margins to expand to 17.9% in 2029 from 9.1% in 2019 (heavy investment year period).",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: While we see incremental investments deleveraging against weaker travel demand in the near term, our 2024 operating margin (after investments wane and travel demand returns) is 15.7%\nEffect: operating margins to expand to 17.9% in 2029 from 9.1% in 2019 (heavy investment year period)\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "f1241066"
    },
    {
      "context": "AMD's recent share gains at Intel's (and to a lesser extent, Nvidia) expense have allowed the firm to stabilize its balance sheet while increasing AMD's ability to invest in future products.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: AMD's recent share gains at Intel's (and to a lesser extent, Nvidia) expense\nEffect: the firm to stabilize its balance sheet while increasing AMD's ability to invest in future products\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "d2398ed7"
    },
    {
      "context": "Further, the key components of the products (such as servo motors) are manufactured in-house through the robotic factories. These factors allow savings in transportation costs related to parts procurement as well as savings achieved through economies of scale.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the key components of the products (such as servo motors) are manufactured in-house through the robotic factories\nEffect: savings in transportation costs related to parts procurement as well as savings achieved through economies of scale\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "986c6ab5"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect Allegheny's earnings to grow significantly over our explicit forecast period as demand from its key end markets improves, shipment volumes increase, and margins expand.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: demand from its key end markets improves, shipment volumes increase, and margins expand\nEffect: We expect Allegheny's earnings to grow significantly over our explicit forecast period\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "70919343"
    },
    {
      "context": "If a contaminant enters a product and is not caught through inspection, product recalls can occur, which can be highly damaging to customers' financial performance in the short term and the firm's brand and reputation with retail consumers. As such, food and beverage companies are likely willing to pay a premium for effective inspection equipment and tend to not resist reasonable price increases.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: If a contaminant enters a product and is not caught through inspection, product recalls can occur, which can be highly damaging to customers' financial performance in the short term and the firm's brand and reputation with retail consumers\nEffect: food and beverage companies are likely willing to pay a premium for effective inspection equipment and tend to not resist reasonable price increases\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "400165b9"
    },
    {
      "context": "We anticipate capacity will be about 75% of 2019 levels, as American generally has a domestic network, load factors will be roughly 70%, and that yields will increase somewhat with demand.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: American generally has a domestic network\nEffect: capacity will be about 75% of 2019 levels\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "89cc8f43"
    },
    {
      "context": "This is evident in Paccar's ability to continually improve the fuel efficiency of its trucks, resulting in lower costs for customers.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: improve the fuel efficiency of its trucks\nEffect: lower costs for customers\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "1610bc63"
    },
    {
      "context": "Some patients in Tegsedi's trial for hereditary ATTR amyloidosis and in the Waylivra trial for familial chylomicronemia syndrome have demonstrated severe lowering of platelet counts (thrombocytopenia), which has likely delayed the approval of Waylivra in the U.S.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Some patients in Tegsedi's trial for hereditary ATTR amyloidosis and in the Waylivra trial for familial chylomicronemia syndrome have demonstrated severe lowering of platelet counts\nEffect: delayed the approval of Waylivra in the U.S\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "a3e53045"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe the firm will have opportunities to reduce costs and take advantage of operating leverage, but we expect those gains will largely be passed to consumers by way of lower prices, as Akamai looks to keep an edge in an increasingly competitive environment.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Akamai looks to keep an edge in an increasingly competitive environment\nEffect: those gains will largely be passed to consumers by way of lower prices\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "690853a4"
    },
    {
      "context": "In 2021, we model an 8% revenue lift and around flat operating margin performance of 15% (as robust BBW throughput continues to provide leverage).",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: robust BBW throughput continues to provide leverage\nEffect: we model an 8% revenue lift and around flat operating margin performance of 15%\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "f083ea75"
    },
    {
      "context": "New competition could dramatically slow T-Mobile's momentum in the market, causing it to fail to gain the scale needed to compete long term.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: New competition\nEffect: dramatically slow T-Mobile's momentum in the market\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "161cc3fb"
    },
    {
      "context": "New competition could dramatically slow T-Mobile's momentum in the market, causing it to fail to gain the scale needed to compete long term.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: dramatically slow T-Mobile's momentum in the market\nEffect: causing it to fail to gain the scale needed to compete long term\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "b3ffdf65"
    },
    {
      "context": "While we anticipate moderate pullbacks in both the procedure growth but more notably in system sales in the current year, owing to the impact of the pandemic on patient volumes and hospital budgets, our long-term forecast for procedures and system penetration rates remains optimistic.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the impact of the pandemic on patient volumes and hospital budgets\nEffect: moderate pullbacks in both the procedure growth but more notably in system sales in the current year\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "e2468698"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect the firm's largest segment, Discovery and Safety Assessment, to make up about 65% of total revenue in 2030, driven by a steady increase in outsourcing penetration throughout our explicit forecast.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: a steady increase in outsourcing penetration throughout our explicit forecast\nEffect: the firm's largest segment, Discovery and Safety Assessment, to make up about 65% of total revenue in 2030\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "df82dab4"
    },
    {
      "context": "US Foods has disclosed that the cash-and-carry formats help increase the firm's share of wallet with clients that use both services and the economics on the stores are attractive.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the cash-and-carry formats\nEffect: increase the firm's share of wallet\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "cdf4a147"
    },
    {
      "context": "Large global CROs, such as PPD, have developed regulatory expertise and proprietary data that help them produce the best trial designs and enroll patients into trials quickly and efficiently, which allows drugs to reach the market faster.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: regulatory expertise and proprietary data\nEffect: produce the best trial designs and enroll patients into trials quickly and efficiently\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "40271ac3"
    },
    {
      "context": "Large global CROs, such as PPD, have developed regulatory expertise and proprietary data that help them produce the best trial designs and enroll patients into trials quickly and efficiently, which allows drugs to reach the market faster.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: produce the best trial designs and enroll patients into trials quickly and efficiently\nEffect: drugs to reach the market faster\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "f035aa2e"
    },
    {
      "context": "Finally, this also supports Twilio's venture away from usage-based revenues to a more sticky subscription-like revenue stream, as Engagement Cloud products offer pricing packages on the basis of per-seat pricing alongside traditional usage-based options.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Engagement Cloud products offer pricing packages on the basis of per-seat pricing alongside traditional usage-based options\nEffect: this also supports Twilio's venture away from usage-based revenues to a more sticky subscription-like revenue stream\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "bf97f689"
    },
    {
      "context": "We also believe that this segment benefits from the long length of time required for the customer to switch, as the Bradley replacement has been solicited in various iterations for over a decade, and a replacement would need likely take quite a while to fully develop.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the Bradley replacement has been solicited in various iterations for over a decade, and a replacement would need likely take quite a while to fully develop\nEffect: We also believe that this segment benefits from the long length of time required for the customer to switch\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "5994e98e"
    },
    {
      "context": "We also believe that this segment benefits from the long length of time required for the customer to switch, as the Bradley replacement has been solicited in various iterations for over a decade, and a replacement would need likely take quite a while to fully develop.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the long length of time required for the customer to switch\nEffect: this segment\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "5294e2c2"
    },
    {
      "context": "As increased investment is part of Hanes' Full Potential strategy, we anticipate both marketing and R&amp;D spending to increase over the next three years.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: As increased investment is part of Hanes' Full Potential strategy\nEffect: we anticipate both marketing and R&amp;D spending to increase over the next three years\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "4d08b588"
    },
    {
      "context": "However, Snap's innovative features, coupled with data privacy and some brand safety concerns surrounding Facebook, could help attract a larger portion of advertisers' budgets.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Snap's innovative features, coupled with data privacy and some brand safety concerns surrounding Facebook\nEffect: a larger portion of advertisers' budgets\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "05adb433"
    },
    {
      "context": "For large manufacturers, breadth of portfolio offers the best chance of owning at least a few of the category-growing brands at any point in time and on a consistent basis; this makes them an important partner to retailers and distributors.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: breadth of portfolio offers the best chance of owning at least a few of the category-growing brands at any point in time and on a consistent basis\nEffect: makes them an important partner to retailers and distributors\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "a201f676"
    },
    {
      "context": "These dealers are supported by Komatsu through the provision of technical support and training and can also leverage its advertising, retail financing, and insurance services.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Komatsu through the provision of technical support and training\nEffect: leverage its advertising, retail financing, and insurance services\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "eef46b50"
    },
    {
      "context": "We are increasing our Sempra fair value estimate to $128 per share from $125 after incorporating time-value appreciation since our last update and minor changes to our five-year outlook.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: incorporating time-value appreciation since our last update and minor changes to our five-year outlook\nEffect: We are increasing our Sempra fair value estimate to $128 per share from $125\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "5490be38"
    },
    {
      "context": "Pandemic-related acceleration of digital sales and the need to hold prices down should limit SG&A expense leverage, limiting the operating margins to just over 3% on average post-pandemic, versus 3.9% in fiscal 2019 (fiscal 2020's 6.2% mark reflected unprecedented cost leverage).",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: Pandemic-related acceleration of digital sales and the need to hold prices down\nEffect: the operating margins\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "3d96ed39"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect that volume increases in the high-margin 737 MAX will bring Boeing commercial's operating margin to a midteens level.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: volume increases in the high-margin 737 MAX\nEffect: bring Boeing commercial's operating margin to a midteens level\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "51597fea"
    },
    {
      "context": "We think this helps stabilize the business as the power industry shifts away from large fossil-fuel generation to more distributed generation and renewable energy.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the power industry shifts away from large fossil-fuel generation to more distributed generation and renewable energy\nEffect: this helps stabilize the business\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "d3fd3b10"
    },
    {
      "context": "Fifth Third was hit quite hard during the last recession, with its outsize exposure to Rust belt economies such as Detroit, and provisioning that ate up all the bank's net interest income in 2008 and 2009. This has meant that the bank has not historically had a credit cost advantage, and its operating efficiency ratios have been pressured as well.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Fifth Third was hit quite hard during the last recession, with its outsize exposure to Rust belt economies such as Detroit, and provisioning that ate up all the bank's net interest income in 2008 and 2009\nEffect: the bank has not historically had a credit cost advantage, and its operating efficiency ratios have been pressured as well\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "848ec5c3"
    },
    {
      "context": "Revlon is an example of a company that encountered a disastrous migration to S/4HANA, leading to an inability to fulfill product shipments worth roughly $64 million in net sales.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Revlon is an example of a company that encountered a disastrous migration to S/4HANA\nEffect: an inability to fulfill product shipments worth roughly $64 million in net sales\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "f4480b6c"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect Delta's fundamentals will recover after a COVID-19 vaccine is distributed, which we assume will occur in 2021, and business travel subsequently resumes.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: a COVID-19 vaccine is distributed\nEffect: Delta's fundamentals will recover\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "827b4cdc"
    },
    {
      "context": "In our opinion, this could force Groupon to either increase sales expenses or lower the very attractive above-30% take rates in order to attract more merchants and increase the number of discount offerings on its sites.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: this could force Groupon to either increase sales expenses or lower the very attractive above-30% take rates\nEffect: attract more merchants and increase the number of discount offerings on its sites\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "36838f5c"
    },
    {
      "context": "These items should support competitive core deposit costs, above-average operating efficiency, higher fee income levels, and pricing advantages for the auto business, all of which should enable the bank to consistently earn returns that exceed its 9% cost of equity through the cycle.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: competitive core deposit costs, above-average operating efficiency, higher fee income levels, and pricing advantages for the auto business\nEffect: the bank to consistently earn returns that exceed its 9% cost of equity through the cycle\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "58527da4"
    },
    {
      "context": "These items should support competitive core deposit costs, above-average operating efficiency, higher fee income levels, and pricing advantages for the auto business, all of which should enable the bank to consistently earn returns that exceed its 9% cost of equity through the cycle.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: These items\nEffect: support competitive core deposit costs, above-average operating efficiency, higher fee income levels, and pricing advantages for the auto business\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "cdb9f4f1"
    },
    {
      "context": "In other words, as we observe a severe oversupply problem in the solar panel industry, Kyocera will not be able to compete with cheaper Chinese panels in overseas markets.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: we observe a severe oversupply problem in the solar panel industry\nEffect: Kyocera will not be able to compete with cheaper Chinese panels in overseas markets\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "9c6150a9"
    },
    {
      "context": "All three of PVH's segments suffered sales declines in North America in 2019 on weak international traffic (from China and elsewhere), widespread discounting in the apparel industry, store closures, tariffs, and slow customer traffic in department stores.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: weak international traffic (from China and elsewhere), widespread discounting in the apparel industry, store closures, tariffs, and slow customer traffic in department stores\nEffect: All three of PVH's segments suffered sales declines in North America in 2019\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "d0dea326"
    },
    {
      "context": "The mission critical nature of these end markets results in a high cost of failure if tools break during repairs.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: The mission critical nature of these end markets\nEffect: a high cost of failure if tools break during repairs\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "6d346efc"
    },
    {
      "context": "Alliance Data Systems gathers data on its client's customers, helping to better tailor these programs, which can create some switching costs in the process.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Alliance Data Systems gathers data on its client's customers\nEffect: better tailor these programs\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "f86a7ec1"
    },
    {
      "context": "Alliance Data Systems gathers data on its client's customers, helping to better tailor these programs, which can create some switching costs in the process.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Alliance Data Systems gathers data on its client's customers\nEffect: create some switching costs in the process\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "77d6a30b"
    },
    {
      "context": "Perhaps the biggest VMware investment risk lies within its ownership structure, as Dell Technologies owns 81% of the combined firm.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Dell Technologies owns 81% of the combined firm\nEffect: the biggest VMware investment risk lies within its ownership structure\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "e9fbeaa1"
    },
    {
      "context": "Magellan only seeks long-term contracts when further investments are needed to ensure recovery of its capital, so only about 40% of its refined product shipments were subject to term commitments (usually involving reduced fees) with about three years until expiry.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Magellan only seeks long-term contracts when further investments are needed to ensure recovery of its capital\nEffect: only about 40% of its refined product shipments were subject to term commitments (usually involving reduced fees) with about three years until expiry\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "65b11a69"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe both customer engagement and financial crime and compliance have customer switching costs traditionally seen in software companies, including time, expense, and risk of implementing new applications as well as the migration of data.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: customer engagement and financial crime and compliance\nEffect: customer switching costs traditionally seen in software companies, including time, expense, and risk of implementing new applications as well as the migration of data\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "a0669bb9"
    },
    {
      "context": "The expense deleverage that the company faces during periods of softer recruitment underscores the intensity that competitive pressures can have on its business model, as well as the need to develop more comprehensive health and wellness offerings across its marketing and other consumer engagement efforts.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: The expense deleverage that the company faces during periods of softer recruitment\nEffect: the intensity that competitive pressures can have on its business model, as well as the need to develop more comprehensive health and wellness offerings across its marketing and other consumer engagement efforts\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "940de2b0"
    },
    {
      "context": "Much of Heico's product development comes from customer requests, so Heico has some certainty that it will be able to sell these parts to airlines, which is not easily replicable.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Much of Heico's product development comes from customer requests\nEffect: Heico has some certainty that it will be able to sell these parts to airlines, which is not easily replicable\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "fdf1c934"
    },
    {
      "context": "We assume the new Medicare clinical lab fee schedule adjustments from the first three-year cycle of rating setting will have greater impact in 2020 and 2021, with some easing in 2022 thanks to recent COVID-19 stimulus legislation that further delays the resetting of rates until 2022.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: some easing in 2022 thanks to recent COVID-19 stimulus legislation that further delays the resetting of rates until 2022\nEffect: We assume the new Medicare clinical lab fee schedule adjustments from the first three-year cycle of rating setting will have greater impact in 2020 and 2021\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "494f9097"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe this weakness is because Smucker is heavily exposed to the value and mainstream segments, which have lost share as consumers shift purchases to the premium and superpremium segments, suggesting that Smucker has failed to amass pricing power in this niche.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Smucker is heavily exposed to the value and mainstream segments\nEffect: this weakness\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "5dd302a0"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe this weakness is because Smucker is heavily exposed to the value and mainstream segments, which have lost share as consumers shift purchases to the premium and superpremium segments, suggesting that Smucker has failed to amass pricing power in this niche.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: have lost share as consumers shift purchases to the premium and superpremium segments\nEffect: Smucker has failed to amass pricing power in this niche\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "a404172d"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect 80 basis points of gross margin expansion over the next five years, mainly driven by mix shift toward the higher-margin pharma division.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: by mix shift toward the higher-margin pharma division\nEffect: We expect 80 basis points of gross margin expansion over the next five years\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "80f4b516"
    },
    {
      "context": "Additionally, SBA's strategy to take on debt to fund share repurchases results in it targeting a net debt/EBITDA ratio of greater than 7 times.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: SBA's strategy to take on debt to fund share repurchases\nEffect: results in it targeting a net debt/EBITDA ratio of greater than 7 times\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "05a58f20"
    },
    {
      "context": "We also assume 1% ASP growth through 2030 due to a mix shift to Toll Brothers' lower-priced offerings, which will partially offset price increases.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: a mix shift to Toll Brothers' lower-priced offerings\nEffect: assume 1% ASP growth through 2030\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "d0eeabfe"
    },
    {
      "context": "We don't believe Sling will be able to grow meaningfully over the next five years as it too faces online competition.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: it too faces online competition\nEffect: We don't believe Sling will be able to grow meaningfully over the next five years\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "f7d3841e"
    },
    {
      "context": "Airlines faced the worst operating environment in history in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic and dramatically cut capacity to respond to steep drops in demand.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the COVID-19 pandemic\nEffect: Airlines faced the worst operating environment in history in 2020\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "0fba00af"
    },
    {
      "context": "Airlines faced the worst operating environment in history in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic and dramatically cut capacity to respond to steep drops in demand.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: respond to steep drops in demand\nEffect: dramatically cut capacity\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "9092d4ea"
    },
    {
      "context": "This expansion will also support a higher per-employee-per-year (PEPY) price that will allow the firm to generate more value per client.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: This expansion will also support a higher per-employee-per-year (PEPY) price\nEffect: will allow the firm to generate more value per client\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "3b8bc887"
    },
    {
      "context": "The deal afforded Waste Connections the opportunity to apply its top-tier operational know-how and pricing discipline to bring Progressive's profitability up to par with its own.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: The deal\nEffect: afforded Waste Connections the opportunity to apply its top-tier operational know-how and pricing discipline to bring Progressive's profitability up to par with its own\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "e5685c20"
    },
    {
      "context": "With demand for most products softening with the end of the China boom, BHP's adjusted earnings have been hit after peaking in fiscal 2011 at USD 22 billion.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: with the end of the China boom\nEffect: BHP's adjusted earnings have been hit after peaking in fiscal 2011 at USD 22 billion\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "ba4ee041"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe its ability for higher investment into tech platforms that can scale, as well as its access to customer data on millions of households, should bolster the bank's advantages over the longer run.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: its ability for higher investment into tech platforms that can scale, as well as its access to customer data on millions of households\nEffect: bolster the bank's advantages over the longer run\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "3822916e"
    },
    {
      "context": "Additionally, we think air cargo growth will be a strong driver for JBT's airport equipment, along with general infrastructure spending for aging equipment.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: air cargo growth\nEffect: a strong driver for JBT's airport equipment, along with general infrastructure spending for aging equipment\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "0e5f183a"
    },
    {
      "context": "Expansion of newer (like textiles from the Company Store acquisition) and existing (such as appliances) categories could also drive demand.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Expansion of newer (like textiles from the Company Store acquisition) and existing (such as appliances) categories\nEffect: drive demand\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "e4fd371e"
    },
    {
      "context": "Our compound annual automotive revenue growth rate is about 10%; we model nearly 100 basis points of declining North American market share from 2020 levels because of continued strong competitive threats.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: continued strong competitive threats\nEffect: we model nearly 100 basis points of declining North American market share from 2020 levels\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "855741cf"
    },
    {
      "context": "Burlington has faced inventory flow challenges (despite ample product availability) as it and its vendors restart their supply and distribution networks; freight costs are also rising sharply.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: it and its vendors restart their supply and distribution networks; freight costs are also rising sharply\nEffect: Burlington has faced inventory flow challenges (despite ample product availability)\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "581af36a"
    },
    {
      "context": "The partnership is not entirely insulated from energy market risk, since volumes on its system can fall if oil producers slow drilling or refineries face falling demand.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: oil producers slow drilling or refineries face falling demand\nEffect: volumes on its system can fall\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "4801a7a3"
    },
    {
      "context": "The partnership is not entirely insulated from energy market risk, since volumes on its system can fall if oil producers slow drilling or refineries face falling demand.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: volumes on its system can fall\nEffect: The partnership is not entirely insulated from energy market risk\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "87e6904b"
    },
    {
      "context": "Second, once Splunk's software is integrated, switching to a new platform could lead to business disruption and operational risk, resulting in data loss.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: once Splunk's software is integrated, switching to a new platform\nEffect: business disruption and operational risk\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "7eb7fb6a"
    },
    {
      "context": "Second, once Splunk's software is integrated, switching to a new platform could lead to business disruption and operational risk, resulting in data loss.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: business disruption and operational risk\nEffect: data loss\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "42d76c76"
    },
    {
      "context": "Low interest rates will continue to exert pressure on SocGen's net interest income, while fee income is likely to decline in 2020 as underwriting activities in investment banking are likely to grind to a halt.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Low interest rates\nEffect: exert pressure on SocGen's net interest income\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "59bf4cfd"
    },
    {
      "context": "Low interest rates will continue to exert pressure on SocGen's net interest income, while fee income is likely to decline in 2020 as underwriting activities in investment banking are likely to grind to a halt.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: underwriting activities in investment banking are likely to grind to a halt\nEffect: fee income is likely to decline in 2020\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "d72303ec"
    },
    {
      "context": "Operationally, HSBC's cost structure is expected to be streamlined further as the bank announced another round of business restructuring.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: another round of business restructuring.\nEffect: C's cost structure is expected to be streamlined further\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "7f9acea5"
    },
    {
      "context": "Further, we don't expect promotional spending will remain dormant over a longer horizon (as has been the case since March 2020, given the extent to which demand has been outpacing supply in categories throughout the store), as competitors muscle for share gains, which should lead to decelerating sales growth.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: competitors muscle for share gains\nEffect: lead to decelerating sales growth\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "f93c0312"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe the disjointed construction of Ergo's German primary insurance offering led to managerial issues as well as cost inefficiencies and a lack of local market penetration.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the disjointed construction\nEffect: managerial issues as well as cost inefficiencies and a lack of local market penetration\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "c5cedd85"
    },
    {
      "context": "In 2011, the company revised the mine plan in order to improve its cash flow at the expense of a shorter mine life.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the company revised the mine plan\nEffect: improve its cash flow at the expense of a shorter mine life\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "a07cb8ef"
    },
    {
      "context": "Should all major high-end OEMs utilize only in-house application processors, Qualcomm's chips would be relegated to lower-priced handsets that would curb chip margins.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: Qualcomm's chips would be relegated to lower-priced handsets\nEffect: chip margins\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "01b5aef1"
    },
    {
      "context": "We assume that management will be moderately successful with its European consolidation, lifting margins for that segment that will elevate the company's historically low operating margin of 8.0% in 2019 to 10% in 2024.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: management will be moderately successful with its European consolidation, lifting margins for that segment\nEffect: elevate the company's historically low operating margin of 8.0% in 2019 to 10% in 2024\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "ac92a904"
    },
    {
      "context": "Air travel is a carbon-intensive service, and stiffer regulations on carbon emissions would likely raise the price of air travel and thus depress demand.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: stiffer regulations on carbon emissions\nEffect: raise the price of air travel\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "468f353c"
    },
    {
      "context": "Air travel is a carbon-intensive service, and stiffer regulations on carbon emissions would likely raise the price of air travel and thus depress demand.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: raise the price of air travel\nEffect: depress demand\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "815b0f4c"
    },
    {
      "context": "Similar to the human labs, Idexx faces some of the same risks of inaccurate test results that could lead to inappropriate medical care.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Idexx faces some of the same risks of inaccurate test\nEffect: lead to inappropriate medical care\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "f0944f37"
    },
    {
      "context": "Absent the Legg Mason deal, which added $797 billion in AUM at the end of July 2020, the firm's managed assets were up 0.3% on a year-over-year basis.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Absent the Legg Mason deal\nEffect: the firm's managed assets were up 0.3% on a year-over-year basis\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "f954f146"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect the first-line lung cancer indication for Tagrisso combined with the likely gains in adjuvant lung cancer will drive peak sales above $10 billion annually.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: he first-line lung cancer indication for Tagrisso combined with the likely gains in adjuvant lung cancer\nEffect: peak sales above $10 billion annually\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "3ccbb185"
    },
    {
      "context": "Additionally, unlike blast furnaces, electric arc furnaces allow for the use of complementary, high-iron-content feedstocks that help reduce per-unit steelmaking costs.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: electric arc furnaces allow for the use of complementary, high-iron-content feedstocks\nEffect: reduce per-unit steelmaking costs\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "13b74684"
    },
    {
      "context": "With management reiterating its outlook for 35-40 net new restaurant openings for fiscal 2021 and our expectations of moderate unit opening acceleration in future years due to smaller, independent casual dining operators exiting the market, our longer-term revenue assumptions remain largely intact.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: smaller, independent casual dining operators exiting the market\nEffect: our expectations of moderate unit opening acceleration in future years\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "059fb646"
    },
    {
      "context": "We think there is a risk these partners will look elsewhere if Neogen does not successfully scale licensed products, and partners could also demand a greater share of profits if co-developed products are highly successful.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Neogen does not successfully scale licensed products\nEffect: these partners will look elsewhere\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "3a108747"
    },
    {
      "context": "We think there is a risk these partners will look elsewhere if Neogen does not successfully scale licensed products, and partners could also demand a greater share of profits if co-developed products are highly successful.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: co-developed products are highly successful\nEffect: partners could also demand a greater share of profits\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "9c26c031"
    },
    {
      "context": "We also expect incremental adjusted OR (net of fuel) improvement to around 85.1% in 2021, thanks in part to leverage from strong pricing.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: leverage from strong pricing\nEffect: incremental adjusted OR (net of fuel) improvement to around 85.1% in 2021\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "b8a27b39"
    },
    {
      "context": "Its portfolio of widely successful franchises allows the firm to monetize its intellectual property year Electronic Gaming & Multimediaafter year by delivering content via sequels, expansion packs, downloadable content, or DLC, and toys, exemplified by the decade-old World of Warcraft franchise and the annual versions of Call of Duty.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Its portfolio of widely successful franchises\nEffect: allows the firm to monetize its intellectual property\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "05f8966b"
    },
    {
      "context": "Its portfolio of widely successful franchises allows the firm to monetize its intellectual property year Electronic Gaming & Multimediaafter year by delivering content via sequels, expansion packs, downloadable content, or DLC, and toys, exemplified by the decade-old World of Warcraft franchise and the annual versions of Call of Duty.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: delivering content via sequels, expansion packs, downloadable content, or DLC, and toys\nEffect: allows the firm to monetize its intellectual property\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "c2618cb1"
    },
    {
      "context": "In this regard, the company's success can be attributed to its aggressive approach at building a recognizable brand to attract consumers and consequently the agents seeking their business.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: aggressive approach at building a recognizable brand\nEffect: the company's success\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "7dd67be4"
    },
    {
      "context": "In this regard, the company's success can be attributed to its aggressive approach at building a recognizable brand to attract consumers and consequently the agents seeking their business.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: aggressive approach at building a recognizable brand\nEffect: attract consumers and consequently the agents seeking their business\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "2f588ca2"
    },
    {
      "context": "Additionally, broadband pricing is low in Mexico, which allows for price increases in the near to medium term as Internet access becomes even more a necessity for Mexican households.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: broadband pricing is low in Mexico\nEffect: price increases in the near to medium term\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "0f59d164"
    },
    {
      "context": "Additionally, broadband pricing is low in Mexico, which allows for price increases in the near to medium term as Internet access becomes even more a necessity for Mexican households.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Internet access becomes even more a necessity for Mexican households\nEffect: price increases in the near to medium term\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "4920872f"
    },
    {
      "context": "In our view, Okta has ample cross-selling and up-selling opportunities after landing initial solutions, and we expect entities to favor purchasing their customer identity solutions in a hybrid-cloud world over in-house developments.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: landing initial solutions\nEffect: Okta has ample cross-selling and up-selling opportunities\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "81f5cbf5"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect fiscal 2021 companywide revenue to increase by 21% year on year, on the expectation of strong near-term demand for Fanuc's Robodrills and CNCs in Asia ex Japan as well as recovery in investment levels in the global automobile industry (particularly the U.S., Europe, and Japan).",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: strong near-term demand for Fanuc's Robodrills and CNCs in Asia ex Japan as well as recovery in investment levels in the global automobile industry\nEffect: fiscal 2021 companywide revenue to increase by 21% year on year\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "cd03d878"
    },
    {
      "context": "Conversely, if it seeks to conserve profits, it could be subject to deteriorating volume if consumers balk at higher prices.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: consumers balk at higher prices\nEffect: deteriorating volume\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "267cb409"
    },
    {
      "context": "Beyond the patent protection of its marketed products (through 2024 for Eylea and 2031 for Dupixent), all of Regeneron marketed and pipeline products are biologics, which provide added defense from generic competition due to the complexity and cost of manufacturing biosimilars.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the complexity and cost of manufacturing biosimilars.\nEffect: provide added defense from generic competition\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "83054dbc"
    },
    {
      "context": "Additionally, the newly acquired Maverick Boat Group brings exposure to more than 70 dealers to the corporate mix, potentially helping expand Pursuit's brand reach over time. As a result, we believe Malibu's distribution network would be difficult for a new entrant or competitor to replicate.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the newly acquired Maverick Boat Group brings exposure to more than 70 dealers to the corporate mix, potentially helping expand Pursuit's brand reach over time\nEffect: we believe Malibu's distribution network would be difficult for a new entrant or competitor to replicate\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "501b0ed6"
    },
    {
      "context": "We have strong confidence that government energy policies worldwide will support rapidly growing solar demand for at least the next 10 years.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: rapidly growing solar demand\nEffect: government energy policies worldwide will suppor\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "4323a68c"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe investment in plant upgrades and new projects will support ROICs during the next five years, averaging a healthy spread over Ormat's cost of capital.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: investment in plant upgrades and new projects\nEffect: support ROICs during the next five years, averaging a healthy spread over Ormat's cost of capital\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "d2cae66f"
    },
    {
      "context": "This growth will be supplemented by rising volume out of the consumer brands segment thanks to the recent deal with Lowe's, and the successful execution of roughly 100 new store openings a year in the Americas, adding another 2.5% to overall revenue growth.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the recent deal with Lowe's, and the successful execution of roughly 100 new store openings a year in the Americas, adding another 2.5% to overall revenue growth\nEffect: This growth will be supplemented by rising volume out of the consumer brands segment\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "df815f83"
    },
    {
      "context": "Many of the most apposite locales for breweries in the country (be it because of proximity to ports, warehousing facilities, or labor availability) are plagued by water supply issues. These include relying on water bodies (such as the Colorado River) where average annual flows are at historic lows, or on underground aquifers that are overexploited.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: relying on water bodies (such as the Colorado River) where average annual flows are at historic lows, or on underground aquifers that are overexploited\nEffect: Many of the most apposite locales for breweries in the country (be it because of proximity to ports, warehousing facilities, or labor availability) are plagued by water supply issues\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "8df4c8be"
    },
    {
      "context": "Reliance is likely to enjoy slow but steady organic growth via shipments to the nonresidential construction, automotive, energy, heavy equipment, and aerospace end markets.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: shipments to the nonresidential construction, automotive, energy, heavy equipment, and aerospace end markets\nEffect: Reliance is likely to enjoy slow but steady organic growth\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "27e69e23"
    },
    {
      "context": "The constant wear and tear on the equipment results in steady demand for servicing and replacement parts, and aftermarket revenue tends to be relatively more stable and carry higher margins.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: The constant wear and tear on the equipment\nEffect: steady demand for servicing and replacement parts\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "8383ba24"
    },
    {
      "context": "With a lack of available financial data for fibre cement peers, however, it is difficult to ascertain the magnitude of any cost advantage that does exist and in turn identify whether it is material.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: With a lack of available financial data for fibre cement peers\nEffect: it is difficult to ascertain the magnitude of any cost advantage that does exist and in turn identify whether it is material\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "6cb004fd"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect HCA to enjoy similar low-single-digit pricing power overall during the next 10 years in our base-case scenario, which should help it generate economic profits.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: HCA to enjoy similar low-single-digit pricing power overall during the next 10 years in our base-case scenario\nEffect: it generate economic profits\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "e78b9877"
    },
    {
      "context": "Gold mining carries many ESG risks, all of which carry medium probability and some materiality. As such, we include risks from labor strikes, disagreements with local governments and communities, and the ever-present risk of mine accidents in our scenario analysis.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Gold mining carries many ESG risks, all of which carry medium probability and some materiality\nEffect: risks from labor strikes, disagreements with local governments and communities, and the ever-present risk of mine accidents in our scenario analysis\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "4391e1d7"
    },
    {
      "context": "For example, the aquatic systems segment derives roughly 85% of its sales from aftermarket service and replacement parts. As such, the bulk of the segment's sales is attributable to over 5 million existing swimming pools in the U.S., and Pentair does not rely solely on new construction starts to increase its revenue in the segment.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the aquatic systems segment derives roughly 85% of its sales from aftermarket service and replacement parts\nEffect: the bulk of the segment's sales is attributable to over 5 million existing swimming pools in the U.S., and Pentair does not rely solely on new construction starts to increase its revenue in the segment\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "1f3a97c2"
    },
    {
      "context": "The potential volatility in profits and returns brought on by the firm's operating leverage and cyclical demand results in our high uncertainty rating.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: The potential volatility in profits and returns\nEffect: our high uncertainty rating\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "546d1af0"
    },
    {
      "context": "The potential volatility in profits and returns brought on by the firm's operating leverage and cyclical demand results in our high uncertainty rating.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the firm's operating leverage and cyclical demand\nEffect: The potential volatility in profits and returns\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "37f88002"
    },
    {
      "context": "ESG continues to be a focus for MSCI and in addition to data subscriptions, MSCI monetizes its ESG data in its index segment through ESG index subscriptions and license fees from ESG ETFs.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: ESG index subscriptions and license fees from ESG ETFs\nEffect: MSCI monetizes its ESG data in its index segment\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "64cada11"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect demand for uncoated free sheet, used in office paper and envelopes, to decline 4%-5% annually in developed markets, accompanied by falling prices as high-cost production comes offline first.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: high-cost production comes offline first\nEffect: falling prices\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "c0bf7014"
    },
    {
      "context": "The biggest ESG risk we see revolves around broadband and wireless communications' essential function in society, which means regulators may take a heavy hand in ensuring providers reach all residents at reasonable price--potentially limiting pricing power and forcing higher spending even when it doesn't make economic sense.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: The biggest ESG risk we see revolves around broadband and wireless communications' essential function in society\nEffect: regulators may take a heavy hand in ensuring providers reach all residents at reasonable price\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "8b8c5fe3"
    },
    {
      "context": "The biggest ESG risk we see revolves around broadband and wireless communications' essential function in society, which means regulators may take a heavy hand in ensuring providers reach all residents at reasonable price--potentially limiting pricing power and forcing higher spending even when it doesn't make economic sense.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: regulators may take a heavy hand in ensuring providers reach all residents at reasonable price\nEffect: limiting pricing power and forcing higher spending even when it doesn't make economic sense\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "bfc263eb"
    },
    {
      "context": "Along those lines, low visibility surrounding the magnitude of industrial end market recovery brings elevated uncertainty to our volume assumptions for 2021 and 2022.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: low visibility surrounding the magnitude of industrial end market recovery\nEffect: elevated uncertainty to our volume assumptions for 2021 and 2022\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "d342d779"
    },
    {
      "context": "While this adds a new level of competition and could apply some pricing pressure, we think the growing body of clinical data for Hologic's Genius system helps to establish its superiority in the minds of clinicians.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the growing body of clinical data for Hologic's Genius system\nEffect: establish its superiority in the minds of clinicians\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "10f39d4b"
    },
    {
      "context": "Targeting a wide consumer base with a core customer who is female, 35-65 years old with household income of $50,000-over $175,000 also means Wayfair is competing with mass-market retailers, specialty retail, and low-cost providers, making it harder to stay top of mind.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Targeting a wide consumer base with a core customer who is female, 35-65 years old with household income of $50,000-over $175,000\nEffect: Wayfair is competing with mass-market retailers, specialty retail, and low-cost providers\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "45d216f1"
    },
    {
      "context": "Targeting a wide consumer base with a core customer who is female, 35-65 years old with household income of $50,000-over $175,000 also means Wayfair is competing with mass-market retailers, specialty retail, and low-cost providers, making it harder to stay top of mind.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Wayfair is competing with mass-market retailers, specialty retail, and low-cost providers\nEffect: harder to stay top of mind\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "9025b074"
    },
    {
      "context": "If the firm is unable to effectively source and integrate new employees, it could slow innovation and affect Splunk's competitive positioning.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the firm is unable to effectively source and integrate new employees\nEffect: slow innovation and affect Splunk's competitive positioning\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "08ce2690"
    },
    {
      "context": "Conversely, in multiyear periods of large harvests, volatility is reduced, which limits the trading desk's ability to make a profit.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: in multiyear periods of large harvests, volatility is reduced\nEffect: the trading desk's ability to make a profit\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "6e03e482"
    },
    {
      "context": "In fact, management has indicated that few in the firm itself actually know the process end-to-end in order to preserve the firm's secret sauce.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: preserve the firm's secret sauce\nEffect: few in the firm itself actually know the process end-to-end\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "c28a33ef"
    },
    {
      "context": "Post's cereal businesses represent 61% of corporate profits and are facing secular declines, as consumers shift away from processed, high-sugar, and high-carb foods.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: consumers shift away from processed, high-sugar, and high-carb foods\nEffect: Post's cereal businesses represent 61% of corporate profits and are facing secular declines\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "eb7ba450"
    },
    {
      "context": "Uncertainties surrounding current battery technology, availability of vehicle charging infrastructure, and the cost-effectiveness of using hydrogen fuel cells call into question the immediate threat of these new entrants.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Uncertainties surrounding current battery technology, availability of vehicle charging infrastructure, and the cost-effectiveness of using hydrogen fuel cells\nEffect: question the immediate threat of these new entrants\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "8b5dcee9"
    },
    {
      "context": "Because firms are hesitant to incur the training costs and disruptions associated with switching providers (and because developing materials in-house is costly and carries risk of ineffectiveness; the same applies for assessment products), they are receptive to Wiley's comprehensive set of offerings and unlikely to switch to another provider.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: firms are hesitant to incur the training costs and disruptions associated with switching providers\nEffect: they are receptive to Wiley's comprehensive set of offerings and unlikely to switch to another provider\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "4dbae6bf"
    },
    {
      "context": "But on the whole, we expect Halliburton to earn essentially no economic profits from sand logistics and only slim economic profits from other efficiency advantages. Thus, while Halliburton has previously enjoyed a multifaceted advantage in pressure pumping, we believe its economic profits going forward will come chiefly from one source: its superior pressure pumping equipment.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Halliburton to earn essentially no economic profits from sand logistics and only slim economic profits from other efficiency advantages\nEffect: while Halliburton has previously enjoyed a multifaceted advantage in pressure pumping, we believe its economic profits going forward will come chiefly from one source: its superior pressure pumping equipment\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "f8835afc"
    },
    {
      "context": "As at-home food consumption remains elevated during the pandemic, consumers are finding favor with offerings like those in General Mills' portfolio, as shown by increases in household penetration and repeat purchase rates in most categories.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: As at-home food consumption remains elevated during the pandemic\nEffect: consumers are finding favor with offerings like those in General Mills' portfolio, as shown by increases in household penetration and repeat purchase rates in most categories\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "7dbc5e68"
    },
    {
      "context": "Thus, we also expect a five-year average gross margin of 55.6% from fiscal 2021 to fiscal 2026, due to improving utilization with increasing student demand and average selling price hikes.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: improving utilization with increasing student demand and average selling price hikes\nEffect: a five-year average gross margin of 55.6% from fiscal 2021 to fiscal 2026\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "de1b57e8"
    },
    {
      "context": "With management indicating that mergers and acquisitions are more likely than not, we think LPL will need to show evidence of better advisor conversion following these types of acquisitions, and we like the option of contingency payment deal structures to reduce uncertainty around conversion efforts.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: management indicating that mergers and acquisitions are more likely than not\nEffect: LPL will need to show evidence of better advisor conversion following these types of acquisitions\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "ab451faa"
    },
    {
      "context": "With management indicating that mergers and acquisitions are more likely than not, we think LPL will need to show evidence of better advisor conversion following these types of acquisitions, and we like the option of contingency payment deal structures to reduce uncertainty around conversion efforts.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the option of contingency payment deal structures\nEffect: reduce uncertainty around conversion efforts\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "0833b394"
    },
    {
      "context": "Geographically, we expect the Mexico & Central America segment to outpace South America, particularly in price, owing to the company's dominance in Mexico.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the company's dominance in Mexico\nEffect: the Mexico & Central America segment to outpace South America\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "b11af55e"
    },
    {
      "context": "Additionally, the high supply growth present in many of the company's markets and the ever-present competition from alternative housing options keeps rent growth in the low- to mid-single-digits. As a result, the company acquired its portfolio at low initial cap rates and the realized internal growth rate isn't high enough to exceed the company's WACC.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the high supply growth present in many of the company's markets and the ever-present competition from alternative housing options keeps rent growth in the low- to mid-single-digits\nEffect: the company acquired its portfolio at low initial cap rates and the realized internal growth rate isn't high enough to exceed the company's WACC\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "5935fe40"
    },
    {
      "context": "Our gross margin projection for 2021 is 50%, which we believe will incrementally expand over the next five years due to the maturation of EUV, which currently has a lower-than-corporate-average gross margin.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the maturation of EUV\nEffect: we believe will incrementally expand over the next five years\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "c2e4fb9c"
    },
    {
      "context": "As licenses for these facilities are given by state and local officials, if ethylene oxide becomes more of a priority for these state officials, Teleflex could potentially face supply disruptions.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: ethylene oxide becomes more of a priority for these state officials\nEffect: Teleflex could potentially face supply disruptions\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "915dd540"
    },
    {
      "context": "Still, Burlington's 5 times inventory turnover exceeds Macy's (roughly 3 times) and should rise as it optimizes its assortment and store network while buying more opportunistically.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: it optimizes its assortment and store network while buying more opportunistically\nEffect: Burlington's 5 times inventory turnover exceeds Macy's (roughly 3 times) and should rise\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "5b45d9ca"
    },
    {
      "context": "The firm was forced to close all its stores temporarily due to the coronavirus crisis in fiscal 2021 and e-commerce (typically about 40% of sales) only partially made up for the lost revenue.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: coronavirus crisis in fiscal 2021\nEffect: The firm was forced to close all its stores temporarily\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "58710cf8"
    },
    {
      "context": "We think it would need to open cultivation internationally if it wants to compete in the global medical cannabis market--an unlikely event until federal laws are changed.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: it wants to compete in the global medical cannabis market\nEffect: it would need to open cultivation internationally\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "8b5887af"
    },
    {
      "context": "Still, the most compelling reason to purchase a MongoDB Enterprise Advanced subscription is to navigate the vastly complex terrain of databases with ample assistance, as the commercial license still requires the database to ultimately be run and maintained by the customer--which is an arduous task.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: to navigate the vastly complex terrain of databases with ample assistance\nEffect: to purchase a MongoDB Enterprise Advanced subscription\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "942dfc5a"
    },
    {
      "context": "Still, the most compelling reason to purchase a MongoDB Enterprise Advanced subscription is to navigate the vastly complex terrain of databases with ample assistance, as the commercial license still requires the database to ultimately be run and maintained by the customer--which is an arduous task.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the commercial license still requires the database to ultimately be run and maintained by the customer\nEffect: to purchase a MongoDB Enterprise Advanced subscription\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "b921acef"
    },
    {
      "context": "We think TSMC's dominant market share and strategy to focus on high-end products put it in the best position to outspend competitors in terms of R&amp;D to advance through GAA and beyond.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: TSMC's dominant market share and strategy to focus on high-end products\nEffect: it in the best position to outspend competitors in terms of R&amp\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "c4126f41"
    },
    {
      "context": "Canadian regulation also makes it more difficult for bad credit to be issued, including mandatory insurance and standards on riskier mortgage loans, not having a government-subsidized mortgage securitization market, and forcing banks to hold more of the risk on their own balance sheets.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: mandatory insurance and standards on riskier mortgage loans, not having a government-subsidized mortgage securitization market, and forcing banks to hold more of the risk on their own balance sheets\nEffect: makes it more difficult for bad credit to be issued\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "afe59018"
    },
    {
      "context": "Not only has Oi lost market share in recent years, it has had to compete on price, leaving its share of wireless industry revenue around 10%.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Not only has Oi lost market share in recent years, it has had to compete on price\nEffect: its share of wireless industry revenue around 10%\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "ab3d230b"
    },
    {
      "context": "This leading supply of reviews and information has led to user traffic and mobile app awareness above key metasearch competitors Kayak and Trivago.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: This leading supply of reviews and information\nEffect: user traffic and mobile app awareness above key metasearch competitors Kayak and Trivago\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "2e2a5288"
    },
    {
      "context": "However, absent a headline driving acquisition in the commercial real estate data space, we think the chance that the government will proactively address the issue is low.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: absent a headline driving acquisition in the commercial real estate data space\nEffect: the chance that the government will proactively address the issue is low\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "deba914b"
    },
    {
      "context": "Following Echo's impressive first-quarter results, we are raising our fair value estimate to $27.50 from $25.50, due to lifting our medium-term revenue and operating margin forecasts and time value of money since our last update.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Following Echo's impressive first-quarter results| lifting our medium-term revenue and operating margin forecasts and time value of money since our last update\nEffect: we are raising our fair value estimate to $27.50 from $25.50\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "b2c4f509"
    },
    {
      "context": "Automotive end markets could prove lucrative as firms turn to Sonoco for light-weighting solutions such as molded foam seating components or trunk liners and load floors that allow them to meet fuel economy standards.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: firms turn to Sonoco for light-weighting solutions such as molded foam seating components or trunk liners and load floors\nEffect: allow them to meet fuel economy standards\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "c8efacb3"
    },
    {
      "context": "Automotive end markets could prove lucrative as firms turn to Sonoco for light-weighting solutions such as molded foam seating components or trunk liners and load floors that allow them to meet fuel economy standards.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: firms turn to Sonoco for light-weighting solutions such as molded foam seating components or trunk liners and load floors\nEffect: Automotive end markets could prove lucrative\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "a4a7165a"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe Amazon will continue to develop into a formidable player in digital media, given its vast content offerings, inroads into new verticals (including video games), and ability to sell hardware as a loss leader.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: its vast content offerings, inroads into new verticals (including video games), and ability to sell hardware as a loss leader\nEffect: Amazon will continue to develop into a formidable player in digital media\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "7b382d57"
    },
    {
      "context": "Other pneumatic applications, such as air saver units found in factor air nozzles and air gun applications, cut compressed air costs by 40%-50%.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Other pneumatic applications, such as air saver units found in factor air nozzles and air gun applications\nEffect: cut compressed air costs by 40%-50%\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "2f1dafa5"
    },
    {
      "context": "We forecast operating margins to improve slowly (back to 14% in 2024), helped by a steadily improving global economic environment and rising cost leverage as S&A and advertising costs are spread across more toys sold.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: a steadily improving global economic environment and rising cost leverage as S&A and advertising costs are spread across more toys sold\nEffect: operating margins to improve slowly\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "0afcdfc7"
    },
    {
      "context": "We anticipate that wide-body production will remain lower for longer, due to both longer-term challenges in international travel from the COVID-19 pandemic and the increasing ability for narrow-body aircraft to efficiently perform missions that were previously reserved for longer-term aircraft.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: both longer-term challenges in international travel from the COVID-19 pandemic and the increasing ability for narrow-body aircraft to efficiently perform missions\nEffect: wide-body production will remain lower for longer\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "d57cbfd1"
    },
    {
      "context": "We project noninterest income growing at a CAGR of 4%, driven by wealth management and capital markets, while expense growth remains fairly steady at 3% per year.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: driven by wealth management and capital markets\nEffect: noninterest income growing at a CAGR of 4%\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "73bb02b8"
    },
    {
      "context": "As a result, operators think it can accommodate at least 20 wells per square mile on the surface, which is at least double the optimum density in other plays. As a result, there are still enough undrilled well locations in the basin to keep the E&amp;P industry busy for decades.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: operators think it can accommodate at least 20 wells per square mile on the surface, which is at least double the optimum density in other plays\nEffect: there are still enough undrilled well locations in the basin to keep the E&amp;P industry busy for decades\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "52e0ab24"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe margins should also benefit from better growth over time, but the impact will be more modest, given the limited fixed costs in the business model.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the limited fixed costs in the business model\nEffect: the impact will be more modest\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "bcd81392"
    },
    {
      "context": "If Boston Scientific's Acurate Neo2 device is easier to use, faster to use, or works in a broader range of patients, it could cut into the Sapien franchise.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: If Boston Scientific's Acurate Neo2 device is easier to use, faster to use, or works in a broader range of patients\nEffect: cut into the Sapien franchise\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "76a0f11f"
    },
    {
      "context": "We project that EBITDA margins for Discovery International will dip to 21% from 26% in 2019 and then expand to 28% in 2024 as the revenue growth will outpace the growth in content costs.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the revenue growth will outpace the growth in content costs\nEffect: We project that EBITDA margins for Discovery International will dip to 21% from 26% in 2019 and then expand to 28% in 2024\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "e253183c"
    },
    {
      "context": "Further, we expect Airbnb to lower marketing expense to 22% of revenue in 2030 from 34% in 2019 (2019 was a heavier investment year, with 2018 marketing costs at 30% of sales), as the company benefits from strong global awareness and a more complete platform offering long term.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: he company benefits from strong global awareness and a more complete platform offering long term\nEffect: Airbnb to lower marketing expense to 22% of revenue in 2030 from 34% in 2019 (2019 was a heavier investment year, with 2018 marketing costs at 30% of sales)\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "2ab8581d"
    },
    {
      "context": "Nonresidential construction is the most important driver in the category, as spending is more material-intensive per dollar than residential construction.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: spending is more material-intensive per dollar than residential construction\nEffect: Nonresidential construction is the most important driver in the category\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "22f9f7ae"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect revenue per cabinet to rise only modestly--about 2% annually--as we think Equinix's reliance on its major customers will keep a lid on its pricing power and offset higher escalators for other enterprise customers.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: we think Equinix's reliance on its major customers will keep a lid on its pricing power and offset higher escalators for other enterprise customers\nEffect: We expect revenue per cabinet to rise only modestly--about 2% annually\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "567ad829"
    },
    {
      "context": "Finally, volatility in commodity prices, specifically oil, may affect profitability if fuel prices remain inflated for an extended period (Royal hedges about half of current-year costs).",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: volatility in commodity prices, specifically oil\nEffect: affect profitability\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "63c6dac5"
    },
    {
      "context": "Finally, volatility in commodity prices, specifically oil, may affect profitability if fuel prices remain inflated for an extended period (Royal hedges about half of current-year costs).",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: fuel prices remain inflated for an extended period\nEffect: affect profitability\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "93808471"
    },
    {
      "context": "Antero's strong leverage to NGLs and condensate is rare among natural gas producers in the Northeast and enables the company to benefit more from strengthening NGL prices, driven by increasing domestic and export demand for NGLs and increasing pipeline capacity out of the Appalachia region.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Antero's strong leverage to NGLs and condensate\nEffect: the company to benefit more from strengthening NGL prices\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "9e004d4f"
    },
    {
      "context": "Antero's strong leverage to NGLs and condensate is rare among natural gas producers in the Northeast and enables the company to benefit more from strengthening NGL prices, driven by increasing domestic and export demand for NGLs and increasing pipeline capacity out of the Appalachia region.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: increasing domestic and export demand for NGLs and increasing pipeline capacity out of the Appalachia region\nEffect: strengthening NGL prices\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "b0bca2a6"
    },
    {
      "context": "We anticipate that the enhanced network in conjunction with a transition to unlimited data plans, which is happening throughout the industry, will result in churn declining, pricing power increasing, and margins expanding.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the enhanced network in conjunction with a transition to unlimited data plans, which is happening throughout the industry\nEffect: churn declining, pricing power increasing, and margins expanding\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "30289f87"
    },
    {
      "context": "Intel's 7-nm process delay (of 6-12 months) means we likely won't see Intel chips on this process node until late 2022 at the earliest.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Intel's 7-nm process delay (of 6-12 months)\nEffect: we likely won't see Intel chips on this process node until late 2022 at the earliest\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "b399b953"
    },
    {
      "context": "But perhaps even more burdensome, would be onboarding users of Workday software onto a new system--in which the user experience will certainly differ--leading to friction in accomplishing a number of critical business tasks.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: onboarding users of Workday software onto a new system\nEffect: friction in accomplishing a number of critical business tasks\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "0b41c045"
    },
    {
      "context": "PVH, like all international apparel manufacturers and retailers, faces a huge challenge with the COVID-19 crisis as stores all over the world have had to restrict access or temporarily close.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: stores all over the world have had to restrict access or temporarily close\nEffect: PVH, like all international apparel manufacturers and retailers, faces a huge challenge with the COVID-19 crisis\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "1e0cd875"
    },
    {
      "context": "Other execution risks include expansion into peripheral business lines and physical stores (including Whole Foods), which could distract management or lead to poor capital-allocation decisions.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Other execution risks include expansion into peripheral business lines and physical stores (including Whole Foods)\nEffect: distract management or lead to poor capital-allocation decisions\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "8eef23c6"
    },
    {
      "context": "While acquisitions allow Sensata to enter new, high-growth markets, a consolidating marketplace could cause Sensata to be outbid for, or overpay for, targets, diluting firm value.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: acquisitions\nEffect: Sensata to enter new, high-growth markets\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "eed75225"
    },
    {
      "context": "While acquisitions allow Sensata to enter new, high-growth markets, a consolidating marketplace could cause Sensata to be outbid for, or overpay for, targets, diluting firm value.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: a consolidating marketplace\nEffect: cause Sensata to be outbid for, or overpay for, targets\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "56255381"
    },
    {
      "context": "While acquisitions allow Sensata to enter new, high-growth markets, a consolidating marketplace could cause Sensata to be outbid for, or overpay for, targets, diluting firm value.",
      "question": "2 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: cause Sensata to be outbid for, or overpay for, targets\nEffect: diluting firm value\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "3a337ec8"
    },
    {
      "context": "As alcohol consumption has negative public health connotations, governments sometimes use the industry as a way to raise the tax rate while incurring limited political risk.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: alcohol consumption has negative public health connotations\nEffect: governments sometimes use the industry as a way to raise the tax rate while incurring limited political risk\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "1f8136c2"
    },
    {
      "context": "Outside of the New York market, as Altice increases its share of total customer telecom spending in a given neighborhood, we expect it will be able to further outspend rivals on network maintenance and upgrades while gaining operating cost efficiencies.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Altice increases its share of total customer telecom spending in a given neighborhood\nEffect: it will be able to further outspend rivals on network maintenance and upgrades while gaining operating cost efficiencies\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "0a5361af"
    },
    {
      "context": "Finally, the increasingly viral nature of the media creates omnipresent ESG risk in the form of potential brand degradation, which is quite acute for most corporations, in our view.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the increasingly viral nature of the media\nEffect: omnipresent ESG risk in the form of potential brand degradation\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "9083ccfc"
    },
    {
      "context": "New product platforms such as smoothies and tea, as well as a revamped food program, have added diversity to the menu, allowing the firm to broaden its target audience, increase its average transaction size, and expand more into the lunch and evening dayparts.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: New product platforms such as smoothies and tea, as well as a revamped food program, have added diversity to the menu\nEffect: broaden its target audience, increase its average transaction size, and expand more into the lunch and evening dayparts\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "775cb5b9"
    },
    {
      "context": "Continued innovation will be key to Malibu's ability to increase pricing power; recent product offerings have helped support price increases into 2021, with overall net sales per unit up 11.1% in the company's fiscal first quarter ending September (compared with 8% for competitor Mastercraft).",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: recent product offerings\nEffect: support price increases into 2021, with overall net sales per unit up 11.1% in the company's fiscal first quarter ending September\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "57c690e3"
    },
    {
      "context": "Biosimilar launches in Europe hit Roche's Rituxan and Herceptin sales by more than 40% in 2018-19, and similar declines began in the U.S.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Biosimilar launches in Europe hit Roche's Rituxan and Herceptin sales by more than 40% in 2018-19\nEffect: similar declines began in the U.S\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "e150616f"
    },
    {
      "context": "However, this end market could come under some pressure in the intermediate term primarily as liquid biopsies emerge that could reduce false-positive rates (and related tissue biopsies) in individual cancer screening indications (like colorectal and breast cancer), which represents a moderate threat for the company.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: liquid biopsies emerge that could reduce false-positive rates (and related tissue biopsies) in individual cancer screening indications\nEffect: this end market could come under some pressure in the intermediate term primarily\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "5b6aa64b"
    },
    {
      "context": "Prescription-grade respiratory inhalers require clean-room environments and a knowledge of labyrinthine regulatory hurdles, leading to segment operating margins of around 30%.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Prescription-grade respiratory inhalers require clean-room environments and a knowledge of labyrinthine regulatory hurdles\nEffect: segment operating margins of around 30%\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "49f85fb9"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect operating margin of 12.5% by the end of our five-year forecast period, although this estimate could prove conservative if Cantel's Revox sterilization technology gets fast-tracked by the FDA and contributes to the top-line sooner than expected.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Cantel's Revox sterilization technology gets fast-tracked by the FDA and contributes to the top-line sooner than expected\nEffect: operating margin of 12.5% by the end of our five-year forecast period\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "32eca07f"
    },
    {
      "context": "Apple's competitive advantage stems from its ability to package hardware, software, services, and third-party applications into sleek, intuitive, and appealing devices.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: its ability to package hardware, software, services, and third-party applications into sleek, intuitive, and appealing devices\nEffect: Apple's competitive advantage\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "4676bafe"
    },
    {
      "context": "Enterprise customers rely on AWS for core IT infrastructure, which represents significant switching costs in terms of the time and expense of integrating applications with core software elements, such as the database, and dedicates a user to a specific set of software development tools.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Enterprise customers rely on AWS for core IT infrastructure\nEffect: significant switching costs in terms of the time and expense of integrating applications with core software elements\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "53d8d8ac"
    },
    {
      "context": "However, if competition takes a greater toll than we expect on the sector, Ross could find itself with an excessively large store network and infrastructure, creating downside exposure relative to our estimates.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: competition takes a greater toll than we expect on the sector\nEffect: Ross could find itself with an excessively large store network and infrastructure\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "e9e523ff"
    },
    {
      "context": "However, if competition takes a greater toll than we expect on the sector, Ross could find itself with an excessively large store network and infrastructure, creating downside exposure relative to our estimates.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Ross could find itself with an excessively large store network and infrastructure\nEffect: downside exposure relative to our estimates\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "f4482ee8"
    },
    {
      "context": "We note that large RIAs typically have more than one custodian, so Envestnet's open-architecture approach is more attractive than a custodian's offering.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: large RIAs typically have more than one custodian\nEffect: Envestnet's open-architecture approach is more attractive than a custodian's offering\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "54cb16e5"
    },
    {
      "context": "We forecast operating income to be broadly flat over the next five years as we await the outcome of the planned merger and acquisition spending to boost the growth rate.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: We forecast operating income to be broadly flat over the next five years\nEffect: we await the outcome of the planned merger and acquisition spending to boost the growth rate.\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "027e5fe3"
    },
    {
      "context": "Customers have little incentive to switch to another equipment supplier because of the costs to retrain healthcare workers, and they can Medical Instruments & Suppliesbe reluctant to change a process that's working effectively.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the costs to retrain healthcare workers, and they can Medical Instruments & Suppliesbe reluctant to change a process that's working effectively\nEffect: Customers have little incentive to switch to another equipment supplier\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "038d051e"
    },
    {
      "context": "We are increasing our fair value estimate to $76 from $70 per ADR after adding potential third-dose booster sales for Comirnaty/BNT162b2, the vaccine against SARS-CoV-2.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: adding potential third-dose booster sales for Comirnaty/BNT162b2, the vaccine against SARS-CoV-2\nEffect: increasing our fair value estimate to $76 from $70 per ADR\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "24a296d0"
    },
    {
      "context": "In a housing downturn, the company could see a combination of increased holding costs and interest expenses cause significant stress on its financial results.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: a combination of increased holding costs and interest expenses\nEffect: significant stress on its financial results\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "eb73e9cd"
    },
    {
      "context": "While still small today, such startups have the potential to increase the degree of competition in the payroll/HCM space and make it more difficult for providers to win business.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: startups have the potential to increase the degree of competition in the payroll/HCM space\nEffect: more difficult for providers to win business\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "595fd11c"
    },
    {
      "context": "While Post is the #1 provider of eggs and potatoes to the food-service industry, the commoditized nature of these products makes it very difficult for Post to differentiate their offerings.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the commoditized nature of these products\nEffect: difficult for Post to differentiate their offerings\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "1204bc39"
    },
    {
      "context": "Additional competition from well-capitalized investors could drive up prices and force Realty Income to either pursue fewer acquisitions, acquire at lower cap rates, or reduce the quality of properties it acquires.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Additional competition from well-capitalized investors\nEffect: drive up prices and force Realty Income to either pursue fewer acquisitions, acquire at lower cap rates, or reduce the quality of properties it acquires\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "e3ea96a0"
    },
    {
      "context": "The unique mechanism of these therapies, where additional molecules can result in a new, more efficacious therapy, serves as a competitive advantage for Vertex because it entrenches the therapies in cystic fibrosis treatment and lengthens the period of patent protection.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: it entrenches the therapies in cystic fibrosis treatment and lengthens the period of patent protection\nEffect: The unique mechanism of these therapies, where additional molecules can result in a new, more efficacious therapy, serves as a competitive advantage for Vertex\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "d195fbd7"
    },
    {
      "context": "Given the uncertain extent and duration of COVID-19 and the pronounced retreat we've already seen in global travel demand, we estimate Las Vegas Sands' total 2020 revenue declining 72% (60% drop prior).",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the uncertain extent and duration of COVID-19 and the pronounced retreat we've already seen in global travel demand\nEffect: Las Vegas Sands' total 2020 revenue declining 72%\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "1a1fe324"
    },
    {
      "context": "Because there are risks to the patient when explanting a neurostimulation device, practitioners are generally reluctant to do so, unless there is greater risk associated leaving a broken or infected device inside the body.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: there are risks to the patient when explanting a neurostimulation device\nEffect: ractitioners are generally reluctant to do so\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "39cde2f2"
    },
    {
      "context": "We think the firm's growth driver will be its enterprise visibility and mobility segment, which we forecast to grow at a rate of 7% following 2020 as it continues to make up a larger portion of the overall top line.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: its enterprise visibility and mobility segment\nEffect: the firm's growth driver\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "a93cec19"
    },
    {
      "context": "We think the firm's growth driver will be its enterprise visibility and mobility segment, which we forecast to grow at a rate of 7% following 2020 as it continues to make up a larger portion of the overall top line.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: it continues to make up a larger portion of the overall top line\nEffect: we forecast to grow at a rate of 7% following 2020\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "a673c05c"
    },
    {
      "context": "Its software assigns users one phone number that can be used for all RingCentral communications, both on a desktop as well as on a mobile device. This supports ease of product interoperability, enabling users on the go to transfer a desktop call to their phone without interruption or a sacrifice in call quality, which is especially helpful in remote work environments.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Its software assigns users one phone number that can be used for all RingCentral communications, both on a desktop as well as on a mobile device\nEffect: supports ease of product interoperability, enabling users on the go to transfer a desktop call to their phone without interruption or a sacrifice in call quality, which is especially helpful in remote work environments\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "04c637b7"
    },
    {
      "context": "However, BAT's acquisition of Reynolds American has materially lowered its return on invested capital generation, and we expect the spreads over the company's weighted average cost of capital to remain very thin.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: BAT's acquisition of Reynolds American has materially lowered its return on invested capital generation\nEffect: the spreads over the company's weighted average cost of capital to remain very thin\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "a86a8a04"
    },
    {
      "context": "While Sysco hasn't always leveraged its purchasing power scale (historically, each distribution center operated independently), in 2014 it began an effort to consolidate purchases, which drove a 200-basis-point improvement to gross margins.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: it began an effort to consolidate purchases\nEffect: drove a 200-basis-point improvement to gross margins\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "04f8ec6d"
    },
    {
      "context": "In its salt operations, climate change could cause a permanent drop in deicing salt demand due to a reduction in snowfall from warmer winter temperatures as warmer climates shift north over time.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: climate change\nEffect: permanent drop in deicing salt demand\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "3d751e73"
    },
    {
      "context": "In its salt operations, climate change could cause a permanent drop in deicing salt demand due to a reduction in snowfall from warmer winter temperatures as warmer climates shift north over time.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: over time\nEffect: a reduction in snowfall from warmer winter temperatures as warmer climates shift nort\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "1561eba1"
    },
    {
      "context": "In its salt operations, climate change could cause a permanent drop in deicing salt demand due to a reduction in snowfall from warmer winter temperatures as warmer climates shift north over time.",
      "question": "2 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: reduction in snowfall from warmer winter temperatures\nEffect: warmer climates shift north over time\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "461377b0"
    },
    {
      "context": "In the last few years, ConocoPhillips has reshaped its portfolio by selling higher-cost, lower-return assets including natural gas production in the U.S.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: selling higher-cost, lower-return assets including natural gas production in the U.S.\nEffect: ConocoPhillips has reshaped its portfolio\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "abc25a0e"
    },
    {
      "context": "Many of these consumers generally watch less live television than previous generations and are more likely to using ad-blocking software when using the Internet. Thus, the almost 35,000 events that Live Nation held in 2018 were likely among the most effective methods of reaching many of these young consumers.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Many of these consumers generally watch less live television than previous generations and are more likely to using ad-blocking software when using the Internet\nEffect: the almost 35,000 events that Live Nation held in 2018 were likely among the most effective methods of reaching many of these young consumers\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "9124c194"
    },
    {
      "context": "In fact, during a downturn in new vehicle sales, dealers generally report higher gross margins due to a favorable mix shift, but then report lower operating margins due to selling, general, and administrative deleveraging.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: a favorable mix shift\nEffect: dealers generally report higher gross margins\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "9b2dab93"
    },
    {
      "context": "In fact, during a downturn in new vehicle sales, dealers generally report higher gross margins due to a favorable mix shift, but then report lower operating margins due to selling, general, and administrative deleveraging.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: selling, general, and administrative deleveraging\nEffect: lower operating margins\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "5fa9e529"
    },
    {
      "context": "Beyond wireless, demand within some of Qorvo's end markets (such as defense and wireless infrastructure equipment) are inherently lumpy, which could lead to earnings volatility.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: demand within some of Qorvo's end markets (such as defense and wireless infrastructure equipment) are inherently lumpy\nEffect: lead to earnings volatility\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "5cfca049"
    },
    {
      "context": "A similar dynamic prevails in aluminum cans, which has seen increased manufacturer demand not only due to category dynamics, but also because the recycling infrastructure supporting a circular ecosystem is more robust for this packaging.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: category dynamics, but also because the recycling infrastructure supporting a circular ecosystem is more robust for this packaging\nEffect: A similar dynamic prevails in aluminum cans\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "b47a21d3"
    },
    {
      "context": "The supply chain for boats tends to be somewhat fragile as well, relying on parts from multiple vendors (though Malibu has worked to mitigate some of that risk through vertical integration), which could cause the company to fail to reach full production capacity and shipments.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: The supply chain for boats tends to be somewhat fragile\nEffect: the company to fail to reach full production capacity and shipments\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "ab979e99"
    },
    {
      "context": "Regarding the retail point of sale products, our opinion is that HP's market share gain in early fiscal 2018 will be difficult to sustain due to competitor offerings and a pessimistic outlook on the brick-and-mortar retail environment.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: competitor offerings and a pessimistic outlook on the brick-and-mortar retail environment\nEffect: HP's market share gain in early fiscal 2018 will be difficult to sustain\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "9962d170"
    },
    {
      "context": "Furthermore, EMR systems are long-term investments, and stronger systems are less likely to switch to a weaker and smaller HCIT provider with limited if any incremental value adds from their current solutions. Therefore, substantial financial and time risks exist for providers to switch from stable platforms, especially in a mature and sticky hospital EMR market.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: EMR systems are long-term investments, and stronger systems are less likely to switch to a weaker and smaller HCIT provider with limited if any incremental value adds from their current solutions\nEffect: substantial financial and time risks exist for providers to switch from stable platforms, especially in a mature and sticky hospital EMR market\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "41041bda"
    },
    {
      "context": "In the ag services and oil seeds business, which generates the majority of profits, continued increases in crop yields and new land brought under agricultural production, particularly in South America, are likely to lead to an increase in crops transported around the globe.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: continued increases in crop yields and new land brought under agricultural production\nEffect: an increase in crops transported around the globe\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "e5899376"
    },
    {
      "context": "With appeal to a wide variety of consumers, we anticipate the concept should translate well to new markets as the chain grows toward its 2,500-unit target (from 1,020 at the end of fiscal 2020).",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: appeal to a wide variety of consumers\nEffect: we anticipate the concept should translate well to new markets as the chain grows toward its 2,500-unit target (from 1,020 at the end of fiscal 2020)\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "ecba3059"
    },
    {
      "context": "A critical factor for both fields is high sensitivity under various difficult conditions, and so we believe Sony could leverage its strength to expand this business in the near future.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: A critical factor for both fields is high sensitivity under various difficult conditions\nEffect: Sony could leverage its strength to expand this business in the near future\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "90f9ac5a"
    },
    {
      "context": "Lyft's number of riders has increased since 2016, driven mainly by increased adoption of overall ride-sharing services plus Lyft's gradual expansion in other markets mainly in the U.S.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: driven mainly by increased adoption of overall ride-sharing services plus Lyft's gradual expansion in other markets mainly in the U.S\nEffect: Lyft's number of riders has increased since 2016\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "f932a770"
    },
    {
      "context": "Although we recognize that e-commerce sales spiked in 2020 in response to social distancing mandates, we do not think online sales will continue to grow at the same cadence and could give up some ground once consumers are more comfortable venturing outside the home to a greater extent.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: social distancing mandates\nEffect: e-commerce sales spiked in 2020\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "158f80b5"
    },
    {
      "context": "Although we recognize that e-commerce sales spiked in 2020 in response to social distancing mandates, we do not think online sales will continue to grow at the same cadence and could give up some ground once consumers are more comfortable venturing outside the home to a greater extent.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: consumers are more comfortable venturing outside the home to a greater extent\nEffect: online sales will continue to grow at the same cadence\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "174d8375"
    },
    {
      "context": "While uneven macro trends, increased competition, evolving consumer preferences, and the impact of coronavirus could change future consumer behavior, we remain optimistic about Yum China's longer-term opportunities, given a still-fragmented restaurant industry, a growing Chinese middle class, ongoing urbanization trends, and the market becoming increasingly conducive to franchising.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: a still-fragmented restaurant industry, a growing Chinese middle class, ongoing urbanization trends, and the market becoming increasingly conducive to franchising\nEffect: we remain optimistic about Yum China's longer-term opportunities\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "eeac3b8c"
    },
    {
      "context": "We had revisited our Eaton thesis and came away far more bullish on the company after management made two vital prudent capital allocation decisions to sell the commoditized and secularly challenged businesses in lighting and hydraulics.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: to sell the commoditized and secularly challenged businesses in lighting and hydraulics\nEffect: revisited our Eaton thesis\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "f614ffb4"
    },
    {
      "context": "While there are new entrants in both the PLM and midmarket CAD spaces, we think that Dassault Systemes will be able to work to minimize any additional share new players would take in its markets by increasing its adoption of its 3DExperience platform.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: increasing its adoption of its 3DExperience platform\nEffect: Dassault Systemes will be able to work to minimize any additional share new players would take in its markets\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "715b5ad6"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect falling production costs and higher adoption rates to catalyze RFID sales growth for Avery throughout our forecast period.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Avery throughout our forecast period\nEffect: falling production costs and higher adoption rates to catalyze RFID sales growth\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "3e53d355"
    },
    {
      "context": "However, as the DTW model as well as its automated and efficient ovens can be replicated, we do not consider it a sustainable competitive advantage.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the DTW model as well as its automated and efficient ovens can be replicated\nEffect: not consider it a sustainable competitive advantage\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "ac231213"
    },
    {
      "context": "If there is a significant data breach or if Verisign fails to comply with the terms of the contract, ICANN has the right to put the contracts up for bid, raising the possibility of Verisign losing its exclusive right to the TLDs, which would be catastrophic for the company.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: there is a significant data breach or if Verisign fails to comply with the terms of the contract\nEffect: ICANN has the right to put the contracts up for bid\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "89aa2a54"
    },
    {
      "context": "If there is a significant data breach or if Verisign fails to comply with the terms of the contract, ICANN has the right to put the contracts up for bid, raising the possibility of Verisign losing its exclusive right to the TLDs, which would be catastrophic for the company.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: ICANN has the right to put the contracts up for bid\nEffect: raising the possibility of Verisign losing its exclusive right to the TLDs\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "6aea079d"
    },
    {
      "context": "In Avery's materials segments, we expect that rising per-capita GDP and disposable income will drive increased penetration rates of consumer packaged goods and consumer durables, both of which make relatively heavy use of pressure sensitive labeling.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: rising per-capita GDP and disposable income\nEffect: increased penetration rates of consumer packaged goods and consumer durables\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "cbe30674"
    },
    {
      "context": "Rio Tinto now doesn't need massive capital expenditure, given that the vast bulk of Pilbara expansion expenditure (to take capacity to 360 million tonnes of iron ore) is already sunk.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the vast bulk of Pilbara expansion expenditure (to take capacity to 360 million tonnes of iron ore) is already sunk\nEffect: Rio Tinto now doesn't need massive capital expenditure\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "94363ffc"
    },
    {
      "context": "Given its plentiful lot supply, the company has shifted to a lighter land acquisition strategy, which seeks to reduce the amount of capital tied up in land.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: its plentiful lot supply\nEffect: the company has shifted to a lighter land acquisition strategy\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "eee5aa19"
    },
    {
      "context": "Given its plentiful lot supply, the company has shifted to a lighter land acquisition strategy, which seeks to reduce the amount of capital tied up in land.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: the company has shifted to a lighter land acquisition strategy\nEffect: amount of capital tied up in land\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "7f42a92a"
    },
    {
      "context": "Demand for these types of assets will remain strong as patients seek the best treatments from the top health systems, driving consistent patient volumes to their affiliated assets and thus increasing the rents that can be charged to doctor's groups that want to service these patients.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: assets will remain strong as patients seek the best treatments from the top health systems\nEffect: consistent patient volumes to their affiliated assets\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "1178fd07"
    },
    {
      "context": "Demand for these types of assets will remain strong as patients seek the best treatments from the top health systems, driving consistent patient volumes to their affiliated assets and thus increasing the rents that can be charged to doctor's groups that want to service these patients.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: assets will remain strong as patients seek the best treatments from the top health systems\nEffect: increasing the rents that can be charged to doctor's groups that want to service these patients\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "73c9f59a"
    },
    {
      "context": "We are decreasing our fair value estimate for Kilroy Realty to $61 per share from $65 since we now expect the San Francisco submarket to be more acutely impacted by occupancy declines due to the coronavirus pandemic.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the coronavirus pandemic\nEffect: the San Francisco submarket to be more acutely impacted by occupancy declines\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "7cd60181"
    },
    {
      "context": "We are decreasing our fair value estimate for Kilroy Realty to $61 per share from $65 since we now expect the San Francisco submarket to be more acutely impacted by occupancy declines due to the coronavirus pandemic.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the San Francisco submarket to be more acutely impacted by occupancy declines due to the coronavirus pandemic\nEffect: decreasing our fair value estimate for Kilroy Realty to $61 per share from $65\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "cb272f56"
    },
    {
      "context": "Shorter berthing and loading times allow the company to reduce costs and help Schnitzer make deliveries more quickly than its peers, which is a key value proposition in securing and retaining business.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Shorter berthing and loading times\nEffect: reduce costs and help Schnitzer make deliveries more quickly than its peers\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "5157e99a"
    },
    {
      "context": "Shorter berthing and loading times allow the company to reduce costs and help Schnitzer make deliveries more quickly than its peers, which is a key value proposition in securing and retaining business.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: reduce costs and help Schnitzer make deliveries more quickly than its peers\nEffect: a key value proposition in securing and retaining business\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "85072e80"
    },
    {
      "context": "We estimate it will be less than 20% by 2030, and the company recently announced a goal of low- and no-carbon generation by 2050 that will probably require the closure of the remaining coal plants.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the company recently announced a goal of low- and no-carbon generation by 2050\nEffect: require the closure of the remaining coal plants\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "c9f039d9"
    },
    {
      "context": "As China shifts its focus away from subsidizing the industrial sectors toward encouraging private consumption and reducing pollution, reforms should allow prices to move more closely with international benchmarks.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: China shifts its focus away from subsidizing the industrial sectors toward encouraging private consumption and reducing pollution\nEffect: reforms should allow prices to move more closely with international benchmarks\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "ef68b4cd"
    },
    {
      "context": "In connected care we assume slower growth in monitoring and analytics, offset by higher growth in sleep and respiratory care.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: higher growth in sleep and respiratory care\nEffect: slower growth in monitoring and analytics\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "ff14eb55"
    },
    {
      "context": "The international segment, heavily skewed toward China, features 11.3% annual revenue growth (excluding 2021), driven primarily by new unit openings (8.5%) as Starbucks continues to expand beyond Tier I cities.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Starbucks continues to expand beyond Tier I cities\nEffect: 11.3% annual revenue growth\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "807e5e63"
    },
    {
      "context": "A carbon tax is likely to be implemented and will increase the price of end products to consumers which will likely erode demand, though the impact on hydrocarbon demand remains more than a decade away.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: A carbon tax is likely to be implemented and will increase the price of end products to consumers\nEffect: demand\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "ce5c5816"
    },
    {
      "context": "After digesting PFG's fiscal second-quarter earnings, we're increasing our fair value estimate to $34 from $32.50 as bad debt expense is coming in much more favorably than we expected, causing us to lower our bad debt expense estimate to $45 million from $230 million previously.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: bad debt expense is coming in much more favorably\nEffect: us to lower our bad debt expense estimate\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "534fd949"
    },
    {
      "context": "If there are any doubts over the financial strength of the parent bank, clients of the asset manager will withdraw their funds.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: doubts over the financial strength of the parent bank\nEffect: clients of the asset manager will withdraw their funds\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "86cbd757"
    },
    {
      "context": "We forecast adjusted EBITDA margins to increase from 39% in 2019 to 42% by 2024 as SS&C continues to realize expense synergies from recent acquisitions.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: SS&C continues to realize expense synergies from recent acquisitions\nEffect: We forecast adjusted EBITDA margins to increase from 39% in 2019 to 42% by 2024\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "cbc60d1b"
    },
    {
      "context": "Further, we note that Hess' geographic diversification could mitigate regulatory risk in the U.S., at least.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Hess' geographic diversification\nEffect: mitigate regulatory risk in the U.S.\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "7c8da82d"
    },
    {
      "context": "RH's prior reorganization helped untie significant capital, as the firm moved to a sale-leaseback model on new projects, implemented reverse logistics to liquidate product, and adjusted the distribution center footprint, which led to inventory that fell 28% between 2016-20 (on 33% sales growth over the same period).",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the firm moved to a sale-leaseback model on new projects, implemented reverse logistics to liquidate product, and adjusted the distribution center footprint\nEffect: RH's prior reorganization helped untie significant capital\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "23bbcda7"
    },
    {
      "context": "RH's prior reorganization helped untie significant capital, as the firm moved to a sale-leaseback model on new projects, implemented reverse logistics to liquidate product, and adjusted the distribution center footprint, which led to inventory that fell 28% between 2016-20 (on 33% sales growth over the same period).",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: RH's prior reorganization helped untie significant capital\nEffect: inventory that fell 28% between 2016-20 (on 33% sales growth over the same period)\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "492db1f6"
    },
    {
      "context": "While many companies could still find it worthwhile to move to other cloud providers, like AWS, we think IBM's typical customer is extremely sensitive to such change given the mission criticality of the data stored--such as banking data.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the mission criticality of the data stored\nEffect: IBM's typical customer is extremely sensitive to such change\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "1d672242"
    },
    {
      "context": "In our explicit forecast period, we assume that Coloplast's ostomy and continence care segments outpace market growth at 8% and 7% annually, respectively, as the firm rolls out new products, reimbursement policies for supplies remain stable, and intensifies efforts to cross-sell and infiltrate emerging markets.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the firm rolls out new products, reimbursement policies for supplies remain stable, and intensifies efforts to cross-sell and infiltrate emerging markets\nEffect: Coloplast's ostomy and continence care segments outpace market growth\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "7840ef73"
    },
    {
      "context": "However, we don't think the brands offer a competitive edge by way of powerful brand equity, as we believe it is difficult to build long-term brand equity around celebrities, whose popularity tends to ebb and flow.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: it is difficult to build long-term brand equity around celebrities, whose popularity tends to ebb and flow\nEffect: the brands offer a competitive edge by way of powerful brand equity\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "2aec1af1"
    },
    {
      "context": "Though Brazil was able to pass its pension reform last fall, we're not convinced this will return the country to growth in the short term, with fiscal austerity and lower public spending likely required to pare down the large debt burden Brazil carries.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: fiscal austerity and lower public spending likely required to pare down the large debt burden Brazil carries\nEffect: we're not convinced this will return the country to growth in the short term\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "40c0f2c8"
    },
    {
      "context": "Although patents are not essential for maintaining a product in the animal health industry, at least 20% of the firm's revenue comes from products protected by patents that allow Zoetis to charge a premium price and insulate it from competition.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: at least 20% of the firm's revenue comes from products protected by patents\nEffect: Zoetis to charge a premium price and insulate it from competition\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "68afbeea"
    },
    {
      "context": "Domain expertise in software for pharma and biotech companies has proven to be a powerful barrier to entry, and as the first mover in this space, Veeva has a built-in structural advantage when it comes to sales & marketing costs compared with other verticals.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the first mover in this space\nEffect: Veeva has a built-in structural advantage\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "89c42915"
    },
    {
      "context": "BEV demand is also limited by current battery technology, which has a ''''''''fast'''''''' recharge time of 30 minutes to reach 80% of battery capacity versus 3 minutes to fill an average fuel tank.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: current battery technology\nEffect: BEV demand\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "c488618c"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect this metric will normalize as the company's penetration reaches critical mass and top-line growth begins to slow from a startup cadence, while the increasing magnitude of negative working capital skews the metric, making it less relevant than for other home furnishing retailers.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the company's penetration reaches critical mass\nEffect: this metric will normalize\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "8982702e"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect this metric will normalize as the company's penetration reaches critical mass and top-line growth begins to slow from a startup cadence, while the increasing magnitude of negative working capital skews the metric, making it less relevant than for other home furnishing retailers.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: top-line growth begins to slow from a startup cadence,\nEffect: this metric will normalize\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "797675e0"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect this metric will normalize as the company's penetration reaches critical mass and top-line growth begins to slow from a startup cadence, while the increasing magnitude of negative working capital skews the metric, making it less relevant than for other home furnishing retailers.",
      "question": "2 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the increasing magnitude of negative working capital skews the metric\nEffect: it less relevant than for other home furnishing retailers\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "fd7e991b"
    },
    {
      "context": "As China's restaurant industry consolidates, we expect chains to increasingly compete with one another on price and product differentiation across multiple dayparts, with aggressive (and often irrational) promotional activity likely to escalate, resulting in a high uncertainty rating.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: China's restaurant industry consolidates\nEffect: chains to increasingly compete with one another on price and product differentiation across multiple dayparts, with aggressive (and often irrational) promotional activity likely to escalate, resulting in a high uncertainty rating\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "b79c0437"
    },
    {
      "context": "Thus, even if the barcode print stock itself is relatively cheap (generally a fraction of a cent) the reliable and consistent operation of the barcode printer itself is essential, which has allowed Zebra to incrementally increase its gross margins for barcode printers over time.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the reliable and consistent operation of the barcode printer itself\nEffect: to incrementally increase its gross margins for barcode printers over time\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "7b33cb2a"
    },
    {
      "context": "From an operational standpoint, we forecast that Truist will have an efficiency ratio in the low-50s. This will be driven by BB&T's historically good operating efficiency as well as the material cost savings we see coming from the merger.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: BB&T's historically good operating efficiency as well as the material cost savings we see coming from the merger\nEffect: From an operational standpoint, we forecast that Truist will have an efficiency ratio in the low-50s\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "a7082ffc"
    },
    {
      "context": "In our base case, we assume revenue grows quickly in the near-term due to a buoyant market and recent acquisitions, and slows gradually in later years.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: a buoyant market and recent acquisitions\nEffect: revenue grows quickly in the near-term\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "1972be07"
    },
    {
      "context": "In our base case, we assume revenue grows quickly in the near-term due to a buoyant market and recent acquisitions, and slows gradually in later years.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: a buoyant market and recent acquisitions\nEffect: slows gradually in later years\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "f443f54e"
    },
    {
      "context": "However, over the next few years, we think growth in the pork segment will exceed long-term averages, due to higher prices and strong export demand given the global pork shortage resulting from African swine fever.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: African swine fever\nEffect: global pork shortage\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "5ed5c5c2"
    },
    {
      "context": "However, over the next few years, we think growth in the pork segment will exceed long-term averages, due to higher prices and strong export demand given the global pork shortage resulting from African swine fever.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: higher prices and strong export demand\nEffect: growth in the pork segment will exceed long-term averages\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "d104e4c2"
    },
    {
      "context": "However, owing to long-term contracts struck with utilities before the post-2003 surge in uranium prices, the company has been unable to fully capture the economic benefits due its cost profile.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: long-term contracts struck with utilities before the post-2003 surge in uranium prices\nEffect: the company has been unable to fully capture the economic benefits due its cost profile\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "e51c109c"
    },
    {
      "context": "Structurally lower earnings with the demise of the China boom peaks means we expect midcycle returns on adjusted invested capital, after adding back the impairments and write-downs, to be below the cost of capital.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Structurally lower earnings with the demise of the China boom peaks\nEffect: we expect midcycle returns on adjusted invested capital\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "4aa1817c"
    },
    {
      "context": "The coronavirus had a severe adverse effect on its sales in fiscal 2021 as many stores were forced to close temporarily.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: The coronavirus\nEffect: sales in fiscal\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "88c25d82"
    },
    {
      "context": "Additionally, 95% of African mobile users are prepaid, which results in higher churn rates as switching costs for customers are low.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: 95% of African mobile users are prepaid\nEffect: higher churn rates\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "79816ea2"
    },
    {
      "context": "Additionally, 95% of African mobile users are prepaid, which results in higher churn rates as switching costs for customers are low.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: switching costs for customers are low\nEffect: higher churn rates\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "d5fd17a3"
    },
    {
      "context": "We think there's opportunities to invest more behind DJ Basin assets, as the Permian assets may struggle a bit more over the next few years with tougher pipe-on-pipe competition due to a well-supplied pipeline network.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: as the Permian assets may struggle a bit more over the next few years with tougher pipe-on-pipe competition due to a well-supplied pipeline network\nEffect: We think there's opportunities to invest more behind DJ Basin assets\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "db3680f6"
    },
    {
      "context": "However, it will not approach the 20% royalty interest that could be earned off a well, given the extremely high level of splintered ownership.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the extremely high level of splintered ownership\nEffect: it will not approach the 20% royalty interest that could be earned off a well\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "7c6b5bc4"
    },
    {
      "context": "Chevron's profits and cash flow are largely tied to oil and gas production and could suffer as a result of a significant fall in prices.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: a significant fall in prices\nEffect: Chevron's profits and cash flow are largely tied to oil and gas production and could suffer\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "9ae0bbb9"
    },
    {
      "context": "Once these assets are successfully sold, we expect the company to be a net acquirer of real estate as it finds attractive opportunities in its target markets across the West Coast.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: it finds attractive opportunities in its target markets\nEffect: the company to be a net acquirer of real estate\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "3d1b2274"
    },
    {
      "context": "Although the rise of online grocery, hastened in part by the coronavirus crisis, certainly has some positive implications for the industry, it is unlikely to cause demand to explode like e-commerce did for traditional industrial space.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the coronavirus crisis\nEffect: the rise of online grocery, hastened in part\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "3fcc90a4"
    },
    {
      "context": "Although the rise of online grocery, hastened in part by the coronavirus crisis, certainly has some positive implications for the industry, it is unlikely to cause demand to explode like e-commerce did for traditional industrial space.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the rise of online grocery, hastened in part\nEffect: some positive implications for the industry\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "2a650b73"
    },
    {
      "context": "Additionally, becoming a preferred vendor with global system integrators gives Okta a much larger sales reach, including the ability to expand its international footprint.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: becoming a preferred vendor with global system integrators\nEffect: larger sales reach\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "88b7d4a0"
    },
    {
      "context": "Further, Darden's normalized (2019) G&A expenditures, at 4.8% of system sales, clock in level with Brinker (Chili's, Maggiano's), 90 basis points ahead of Texas Roadhouse, and 200 basis points ahead of The Cheesecake Factory, resulting in structurally higher operating margins (9.2% at Darden against 5.5%, 7.8%, and 4.2%, respectively).",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Darden's normalized (2019) G&A expenditures, at 4.8% of system sales\nEffect: structurally higher operating margins\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "8b7ed7d0"
    },
    {
      "context": "Our 16.5% midcycle assumption represents a 80-basis-point expansion compared with the 10-year median due to the increasing mix of software-oriented technologies in Aptiv's product portfolio.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the increasing mix of software-oriented technologies in Aptiv's product portfolio\nEffect: Our 16.5% midcycle assumption represents a 80-basis-point expansion compared with the 10-year median\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "acc81a20"
    },
    {
      "context": "As millennials ascend age and income demographic segments, upgrading their living arrangements or purchasing a new home, the company can move to market higher-ticket and age-appropriate Pottery Barn and Williams-Sonoma products to the right consumer.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: millennials ascend age and income demographic segments, upgrading their living arrangements or purchasing a new home\nEffect: the company can move to market higher-ticket and age-appropriate Pottery Barn and Williams-Sonoma products to the right consumer\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "1c0d1501"
    },
    {
      "context": "The stringent capital requirements that the largest banks are held to give us some reassurance that these banks will be able to weather the next economic downturn.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: The stringent capital requirements that the largest banks are held to give us some reassurance\nEffect: these banks will be able to weather the next economic downturn.\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "4e4cd4c8"
    },
    {
      "context": "It is not completely outside the realm of possibility that a shift in competitive dynamics could force Coke to develop rationales for terminating their agreement.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: a shift in competitive dynamics\nEffect: force Coke to develop rationales for terminating their agreement\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "84c41d60"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect the mobile segment to grow 11%, as the decline of Candy Crush Saga is offset by growth from new King Digital properties, the reintroduction of third-party ads, and Activision/Blizzard mobile efforts.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the decline of Candy Crush Saga is offset by growth from new King Digital properties, the reintroduction of third-party ads, and Activision/Blizzard mobile efforts\nEffect: We expect the mobile segment to grow 11%\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "a5da9aed"
    },
    {
      "context": "Fee margins in wealth management should remain under pressure as competition heats up and the high transactional revenue booked during 2020 moderates.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: competition heats up\nEffect: Fee margins in wealth management should remain under pressure\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "c9ce5d38"
    },
    {
      "context": "Fee margins in wealth management should remain under pressure as competition heats up and the high transactional revenue booked during 2020 moderates.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the high transactional revenue booked during 2020 moderates\nEffect: Fee margins in wealth management should remain under pressure\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "f6f7393a"
    },
    {
      "context": "Still, there has been very minimal industry supply additions this decade that should support solid industry Strip occupancy, which stood at around 90% in 2019.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: there has been very minimal industry supply additions this decade\nEffect: support solid industry Strip occupancy\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "8849c048"
    },
    {
      "context": "Both AutoCAD and Revit are BIM software, and therefore, geometric and object information can be exported from or imported to AutoCAD and Revit programs.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Both AutoCAD and Revit are BIM software\nEffect: geometric and object information can be exported from or imported to AutoCAD and Revit programs\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "900d48d1"
    },
    {
      "context": "The coronavirus is likely to have a severe adverse effect on its sales in fiscal 2021 as many stores have been forced to close temporarily and heavy discounting is likely.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: many stores have been forced to close temporarily and heavy discounting is likely\nEffect: The coronavirus is likely to have a severe adverse effect on its sales in fiscal 2021\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "907bbf03"
    },
    {
      "context": "It was believed that having the first-mover advantage with these types of products would allow the firm to generate additional revenue from licensing fees for an extended time.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: having the first-mover advantage with these types of products\nEffect: allow the firm to generate additional revenue from licensing fees for an extended time\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "d83c4736"
    },
    {
      "context": "However, we believe supply chain disruptions and staffing issues due to COVID-19 will make it difficult for HEI to fully execute its utility investment plan.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: COVID-19\nEffect: supply chain disruptions and staffing issues\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "16b33fe8"
    },
    {
      "context": "However, we believe supply chain disruptions and staffing issues due to COVID-19 will make it difficult for HEI to fully execute its utility investment plan.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: COVID-19\nEffect: HEI to fully execute its utility investment plan\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "5d9301ed"
    },
    {
      "context": "SSO gives employees a single way to access all their applications, and security teams can easily scale up and down application privileges per user.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: SSO gives employees a single way to access all their applications\nEffect: security teams can easily scale up and down application privileges per user\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "8d3f9239"
    },
    {
      "context": "Work stoppages or other supply problems at these suppliers could disrupt Winnebago's supply chain and hurt its ability to meet dealer orders.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Work stoppages or other supply problems\nEffect: disrupt Winnebago's supply chain and hurt its ability to meet dealer orders\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "50d87f65"
    },
    {
      "context": "Additionally, Texas Instruments has revenue from other products, such as calculators, that are likely in secular decline and may weigh on the firm's total top-line growth.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Texas Instruments has revenue from other products\nEffect: likely in secular decline and may weigh on the firm's total top-line growth\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "7f7aa885"
    },
    {
      "context": "Now we expect Insulet to move into soft launch with its own hybrid closed-loop Omnipod 5 in 2021, which will include the ability to control the pump from an Android smartphone and offer integration with Dexcom's G6 continuous glucose monitor. This puts Insulet in a strong position to compete in a field where hybrid closed-loop technology is becoming the standard.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Insulet to move into soft launch with its own hybrid closed-loop Omnipod 5 in 2021, which will include the ability to control the pump from an Android smartphone and offer integration with Dexcom's G6 continuous glucose monitor\nEffect: Insulet in a strong position to compete in a field where hybrid closed-loop technology is becoming the standard\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "abf2485d"
    },
    {
      "context": "Carbon emissions regulation is increasingly a topic of discussion, but we think CNH Industrial is already hedging against this risk through the development of next generation products that reduce the carbon emissions of its products, namely its electric drivetrains.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the development of next generation products that reduce the carbon emissions of its products, namely its electric drivetrains\nEffect: hedging against this risk\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "5b3360cd"
    },
    {
      "context": "An option contract strategy generally leads to lower average land inventory on the balance sheet and higher, more consistent returns on invested capital.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: An option contract strategy\nEffect: lower average land inventory on the balance sheet and higher, more consistent returns on invested capital\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "1701974e"
    },
    {
      "context": "During this transition we anticipate the likeliness of increasing customer concentration concerns especially as it develops new functionality to sell into its existing customer base both on the payer and provider side.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: develops new functionality to sell into its existing customer base both on the payer and provider side\nEffect: the likeliness of increasing customer concentration concerns\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "4e7eb44d"
    },
    {
      "context": "The firm is a large aerostructure provider for both Boeing and Airbus, and the firm makes nearly all of its revenue on the original production of aircraft because there are not material aftermarket servicing opportunities for aerostructures.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: there are not material aftermarket servicing opportunities for aerostructures\nEffect: The firm is a large aerostructure provider for both Boeing and Airbus, and the firm makes nearly all of its revenue on the original production of aircraft\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "a73d30ba"
    },
    {
      "context": "Lam competes with the likes of Applied Materials and Tokyo Electron, both of which have invested heavily to improve their products in etch to lessen Lam's technological lead.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Lam competes with the likes of Applied Materials and Tokyo Electron\nEffect: have invested heavily to improve their products in etch to lessen Lam's technological lead\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "2f35107f"
    },
    {
      "context": "If performance deteriorates or Syneos faces major changes in biopharma R&D spending, Syneos may have trouble meeting interest payments and investing in its business to sustain growth.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: performance deteriorates or Syneos faces major changes in biopharma R&D spending\nEffect: Syneos may have trouble meeting interest payments and investing in its business to sustain growth\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "104f1db3"
    },
    {
      "context": "As a result of our revenue and SG&A forecast, we project operating margins reaching 29.6% in 2029 from 28.6% in 2019 and 2029 EBI growth of 8%.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: our revenue and SG&A forecast\nEffect: operating margins reaching 29.6% in 2029 from 28.6% in 2019 and 2029 EBI growth of 8%\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "755a6049"
    },
    {
      "context": "Indeed, the most significant headwind that could cause a material deterioration of earnings in the coming years would be reduced steel pricing due to an exacerbation of global overcapacity, as a function of increasing global production capacity and stagnant demand.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: an exacerbation of global overcapacity\nEffect: reduced steel pricing\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "14016a97"
    },
    {
      "context": "Indeed, the most significant headwind that could cause a material deterioration of earnings in the coming years would be reduced steel pricing due to an exacerbation of global overcapacity, as a function of increasing global production capacity and stagnant demand.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: a function of increasing global production capacity and stagnant demand\nEffect: reduced steel pricing\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "76a96e99"
    },
    {
      "context": "Indeed, the most significant headwind that could cause a material deterioration of earnings in the coming years would be reduced steel pricing due to an exacerbation of global overcapacity, as a function of increasing global production capacity and stagnant demand.",
      "question": "2 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: reduced steel pricing\nEffect: the most significant headwind that could cause a material deterioration of earnings in the coming years\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "06b3530f"
    },
    {
      "context": "Brand positioning makes this an elevated expenditure targeted at a young demographic, yielding risk that consumers could trade down in the economic compression aggravated by COVID-19.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Brand positioning\nEffect: an elevated expenditure targeted at a young demographic\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "2faa06ab"
    },
    {
      "context": "Brand positioning makes this an elevated expenditure targeted at a young demographic, yielding risk that consumers could trade down in the economic compression aggravated by COVID-19.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Brand positioning\nEffect: risk that consumers could trade down in the economic compression aggravated by COVID-19\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "8c8d4693"
    },
    {
      "context": "Also, foreign exchange exposure could prove unpredictable as the firm grows internationally, making sales uncertain, although this risk has partially subsided with the exit of the Mexico business.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the firm grows internationally, making sales uncertain\nEffect: foreign exchange exposure could prove unpredictable\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "3290f156"
    },
    {
      "context": "Revenue fell 13% in 2020 on fewer carloads, falling fuel surcharges, and mix headwinds, but we suspect core pricing remained ahead of cost inflation and top-line declines moderated in the second half.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: fewer carloads, falling fuel surcharges, and mix headwinds\nEffect: Revenue fell 13% in 202\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "b5ecdbfb"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect Mattel to produce further adjusted operating margin expansion in 2021 (we model an 11% margin), helped by the execution of its $250 million cost-saving program.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: by the execution of its $250 million cost-saving program\nEffect: Mattel to produce further adjusted operating margin expansion in 2021 (we model an 11% margin)\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "d079a2e9"
    },
    {
      "context": "Costs for new transmission lines are too high and incremental benefits too low to offer sufficient returns on capital for two competing transmission owners.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: Costs for new transmission lines are too high and incremental benefits too low\nEffect: offer sufficient returns on capital for two competing transmission owners\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "73f89e72"
    },
    {
      "context": "Increased time spent on WeChat and mobile QQ has attracted third-party content creators (online games and media) and merchants, which is helping to improve and lengthen user experiences.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Increased time spent on WeChat and mobile QQ\nEffect: attracted third-party content creators (online games and media) and merchants\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "5c83d9ca"
    },
    {
      "context": "Increased time spent on WeChat and mobile QQ has attracted third-party content creators (online games and media) and merchants, which is helping to improve and lengthen user experiences.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: attracted third-party content creators (online games and media) and merchants\nEffect: helping to improve and lengthen user experiences\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "c9122880"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe the biggest risk is a slowdown in the real estate market, which could be indicated by increased home inventories for sale, slower growth in prices, or higher mortgage interest rates.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: We believe the biggest risk is a slowdown in the real estate market\nEffect: could be indicated by increased home inventories for sale, slower growth in prices, or higher mortgage interest rates.\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "4b92cbd3"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect the revcovery to be fairly steady, and 2022 could also be an above-average year as global travel recovers.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: global travel recovers\nEffect: the revcovery to be fairly steady, and 2022 could also be an above-average year\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "585054d2"
    },
    {
      "context": "This shifting of inventory to the distributor reduces the need for WBA to maintain central distribution centers, which significantly lowers overhead expense.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: This shifting of inventory to the distributor\nEffect: reduces the need for WBA to maintain central distribution centers, which significantly lowers overhead expense\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "29308c64"
    },
    {
      "context": "We are more comfortable with acquisitions in the security sector as we believe the firm can better leverage its business telecom relationships and can bundle these products with its other IT and telecom offerings.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: we believe the firm can better leverage its business telecom relationships and can bundle these products with its other IT and telecom offerings\nEffect: We are more comfortable with acquisitions in the security sector\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "9e394645"
    },
    {
      "context": "A two-way network effect is evident in that brokers need trucks, while carriers need loads; the more loads and trucks posted on a network of load boards only increases the value of this service over time.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: A two-way network effect\nEffect: increases the value of this service over time\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "0d9f0ee3"
    },
    {
      "context": "And we think discounting was a key culprit in operating margins tumbling to just 3% in 2019 at the segment, evidencing the lack of a competitive edge.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: discounting was a key culprit in operating margins tumbling to just 3% in 2019 at the segment,\nEffect: evidencing the lack of a competitive edge.\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "6f12edb6"
    },
    {
      "context": "With the impact of COVID-19 and discontinuation of the goods segment, we expect Groupon revenue to decline at an average rate of 15% in 2020-24.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the impact of COVID-19 and discontinuation of the goods segment\nEffect: we expect Groupon revenue to decline at an average rate of 15% in 2020-24\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "9dcde485"
    },
    {
      "context": "This leads to more collaboration and cooperation between regulators and banks as well as greater institutional memory and more coordinated and easily implemented responses if strains begin to appear in the system.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: This\nEffect: more collaboration and cooperation between regulators and banks as well as greater institutional memory and more coordinated and easily implemented responses if strains begin to appear in the system\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "291c02a9"
    },
    {
      "context": "However, we expect operating profit to decrease at a CAGR of 4.3% from 2020 to 2025 mainly due to other steel companies that are included in the other non-parent division mitigated by an increase in profitability as a result of the growth opportunities mentioned.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: other steel companies that are included in the other non-parent division\nEffect: operating profit to decrease at a CAGR of 4.3% from 2020 to 2025\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "ad4fdd79"
    },
    {
      "context": "However, we expect operating profit to decrease at a CAGR of 4.3% from 2020 to 2025 mainly due to other steel companies that are included in the other non-parent division mitigated by an increase in profitability as a result of the growth opportunities mentioned.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the growth opportunities mentioned\nEffect: mitigated by an increase in profitability\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "74a6f3f0"
    },
    {
      "context": "We see myriad risks on the horizon as Keurig Dr Pepper seeks to maintain and enhance its positioning in the broader beverage industry.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Keurig Dr Pepper seeks to maintain and enhance its positioning in the broader beverage industry\nEffect: myriad risks\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "25996286"
    },
    {
      "context": "While we believe Kingfisher's new strategy will better cater to customer needs and slightly improve margins from fiscal 2019-20 levels, we do not expect the implementation to immediately translate into significant market share gains in France or the U.K., given the highly competitive market with online and traditional players.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: given the highly competitive market with online and traditional players\nEffect: we do not expect the implementation to immediately translate into significant market share gains in France or the U.K.\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "ea48cc6a"
    },
    {
      "context": "More complex trials provide room for differentiation, and global CROs leverage their expertise to shorten the clinical trial time frame and ensure accuracy and precision.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: More complex trials\nEffect: differentiation\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "bed59066"
    },
    {
      "context": "More complex trials provide room for differentiation, and global CROs leverage their expertise to shorten the clinical trial time frame and ensure accuracy and precision.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: global CROs leverage their expertise\nEffect: shorten the clinical trial time frame and ensure accuracy and precision\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "219853fe"
    },
    {
      "context": "Costs to the tower provider are mostly fixed per tower, meaning costs to operate a tower are virtually the same whether a tower has one tenant or several tenants.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Costs to the tower provider are mostly fixed per tower\nEffect: costs to operate a tower are virtually the same\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "850b5434"
    },
    {
      "context": "Further, fully integrated producers that make hydroxide produced from high-quality spodumene assets can produce hydroxide at a lower cost than Livent, which may result in Livent's position on the lithium hydroxide cost curve rising over time.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: fully integrated producers that make hydroxide produced from high-quality spodumene assets can produce hydroxide at a lower cost than Livent\nEffect: Livent's position on the lithium hydroxide cost curve rising over time\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "dde51d7f"
    },
    {
      "context": "For 2021, we expect total revenue to rise 16% as heightened retailer restocking drives strong demand across all segments throughout the first half, and as intermodal network inefficiencies subside.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: heightened retailer restocking drives strong demand across all segments throughout the first half, and as intermodal network inefficiencies subside\nEffect: For 2021, we expect total revenue to rise 16%\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "0dd1ef4f"
    },
    {
      "context": "Sensata's sensors are interwoven into crucial systems in end products, and flawless execution in these applications creates sticky customer relationships that lead to enduring economic profits.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Sensata's sensors are interwoven into crucial systems in end products, and flawless execution in these applications creates sticky customer relationships\nEffect: enduring economic profits\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "e651ad98"
    },
    {
      "context": "Pfizer's entrenched consumer and vaccine franchises create an added layer of competitive advantage, stemming from brand power in consumer healthcare and manufacturing cost advantages in the vaccines division.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: stemming from brand power in consumer healthcare and manufacturing cost advantages\nEffect: Pfizer's entrenched consumer and vaccine franchises create an added layer of competitive advantage\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "534af78f"
    },
    {
      "context": "Automotive parts are often complex, so many consumers depend on AutoZone's well-trained sales staff for knowledge and advice as they seek the right item for their needs.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Automotive parts are often complex\nEffect: many consumers depend on AutoZone's well-trained sales staff for knowledge and advice as they seek the right item for their needs\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "31771191"
    },
    {
      "context": "The bank's narrow product offering focuses its assets, giving Capital One the benefit of scale in its chosen business lines. This does have the consequence of leaving the bank undiversified as it is reliant on its credit cards and auto lending business.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: The bank's narrow product offering focuses its assets, giving Capital One the benefit of scale in its chosen business lines\nEffect: leaving the bank undiversified as it is reliant on its credit cards and auto lending business\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "d74042a6"
    },
    {
      "context": "The lack of pipeline capacity means that the Conway hub (home of at least 500,000 bp/d of fractionation capacity) cannot make up for the fractionation constraints at Mont Belvieu.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: The lack of pipeline capacity means that the Conway hub (home of at least 500,000 bp/d of fractionation capacity)\nEffect: make up for the fractionation constraints at Mont Belvieu\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "affe9f84"
    },
    {
      "context": "Because a DRI-based production method is undertaken at lower temperatures, production equipment is also subject to less wear and tear, thereby allowing for lower maintenance and replacement costs.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: a DRI-based production method is undertaken at lower temperatures\nEffect: production equipment is also subject to less wear and tear\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "20c400dc"
    },
    {
      "context": "Because a DRI-based production method is undertaken at lower temperatures, production equipment is also subject to less wear and tear, thereby allowing for lower maintenance and replacement costs.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: production equipment is also subject to less wear and tear\nEffect: allowing for lower maintenance and replacement costs\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "76355920"
    },
    {
      "context": "However, a handful of players dominates the industry, a factor that led to disciplined capacity shutdowns by all of the major companies during the industry downturn.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: a handful of players dominates the industry\nEffect: disciplined capacity shutdowns by all of the major companies during the industry downturn\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "42b26af0"
    },
    {
      "context": "We also expect coronavirus-related restaurant disruptions and changes in consumer behavior will have a lasting impact on the industry and result in near-term operating volatility and incremental expenses.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: coronavirus-related restaurant disruptions and changes in consumer behavior\nEffect: have a lasting impact on the industry and result in near-term operating volatility and incremental expenses\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "a2e0cb67"
    },
    {
      "context": "In addition to process development challenges (including aggressive scaling targets and new interconnect materials), the secular PC decline and relative lack of competition from AMD all contributed to Intel delaying its 10-nm process ramp, in our opinion.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: In addition to process development challenges (including aggressive scaling targets and new interconnect materials), the secular PC decline and relative lack of competition from AMD all\nEffect: Intel delaying its 10-nm process ramp, in our opinion\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "d77f8759"
    },
    {
      "context": "Given the difficulty in determining every company's exact fiber footprint, we have to rely on results and returns on capital, in aggregate, to determine whether Uniti is truly operating with an efficient scale advantage in this segment.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the difficulty in determining every company's exact fiber footprint\nEffect: we have to rely on results and returns on capital, in aggregate, to determine whether Uniti is truly operating with an efficient scale advantage in this segment\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "7dc80690"
    },
    {
      "context": "For example, competitor Octapharma was forced to remove its IVIG product Octagam from the market in 2010 because of serious reported side effects.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: serious reported side effects\nEffect: competitor Octapharma was forced to remove its IVIG product Octagam from the market in 2010\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "f2a59a01"
    },
    {
      "context": "Unlike most of the other U.S.-based asset managers we cover, we are projecting an improvement (albeit a slight one) in operating margins for BlackRock over the next five years, with the firm's margins expected to average 40%-41% on an adjusted basis (compared with 38%-39% during the past five calendar years). As such, the firm should be able to generate close to $7.0 billion in free cash flow on average annually during 2021-25, much of which will be returned to shareholders as dividends and share repurchases.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: an improvement (albeit a slight one) in operating margins for BlackRock over the next five years, with the firm's margins expected to average 40%-41% on an adjusted basis (compared with 38%-39% during the past five calendar years)\nEffect: the firm should be able to generate close to $7.0 billion in free cash flow on average annually during 2021-25, much of which will be returned to shareholders as dividends and share repurchases\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "ebebb457"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect returns on invested capital to hover just above the firm's cost of capital after the company's Cameron LNG export project came on line.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the company's Cameron LNG export project came on line\nEffect: returns on invested capital to hover just above the firm's cost of capital\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "3ac5ced9"
    },
    {
      "context": "Wesco's size is also an important competitive advantage because the company has the scale to serve large, multinational clients anywhere in the world.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the company has the scale to serve large, multinational clients anywhere in the world\nEffect: Wesco's size is also an important competitive advantage\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "35962899"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect distribution growth to slow in the near term as energy market conditions are challenging and the partnership finishes its large organic growth projects.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: energy market conditions are challenging and the partnership finishes its large organic growth projects\nEffect: distribution growth to slow\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "b8d99b09"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect the firm to focus on cross-selling efforts between the distinct sets of Littelfuse and IXYS customers to grow circuit protection content, and for the firm to extract market share gains in power semiconductors by targeting the industrial and charging infrastructure markets.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the firm to focus on cross-selling efforts between the distinct sets of Littelfuse and IXYS customers\nEffect: grow circuit protection content\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "f36a2c4b"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect the firm to focus on cross-selling efforts between the distinct sets of Littelfuse and IXYS customers to grow circuit protection content, and for the firm to extract market share gains in power semiconductors by targeting the industrial and charging infrastructure markets.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: targeting the industrial and charging infrastructure markets\nEffect: the firm to extract market share gains in power semiconductors\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "d29ec2cc"
    },
    {
      "context": "With restaurant margins accounting for differences in cost of food goods, paper products, labor, rent, utilities, and marketing expenditures, we view them as an appropriate proxy for a cost edge over peers, discouraging sustained price competition and irrational discounting, as Darden represents the low-cost operator in the space.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: With restaurant margins accounting for differences in cost of food goods, paper products, labor, rent, utilities, and marketing expenditures\nEffect: we view them as an appropriate proxy for a cost edge over peers, discouraging sustained price competition and irrational discounting, as Darden represents the low-cost operator in the space.\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "825c2676"
    },
    {
      "context": "During our 2021-25 forecast period, we expect revenue to grow at about a 9% CAGR with strong growth in ESG and indexes.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: revenue to grow at about a 9% CAGR\nEffect: strong growth in ESG and indexes\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "aa8ee912"
    },
    {
      "context": "We think margin expansion is reasonable as management has implemented several cost-reduction initiatives during the pandemic that it intends to continue over the next cycle.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: management has implemented several cost-reduction initiatives during the pandemic\nEffect: margin expansion\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "2ee689a7"
    },
    {
      "context": "Competition is intense, and we don't anticipate these pressures will abate, particularly if online purchasing in Kimberly's categories serves to level the playing field with less proven manufacturers.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: online purchasing in Kimberly's categories serves to level the playing field with less proven manufacturers\nEffect: we don't anticipate these pressures will abate\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "e720e718"
    },
    {
      "context": "Also, we expect overall operating margins will expand to 20.9% in 2025 from 19.7% in 2019 as the firm gains leverage on selling, general, and administrative as well as research and development expenses.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: overall operating margins will expand to 20.9% in 2025 from 19.7% in 2019 as the firm gains leverage on selling, general\nEffect: administrative as well as research and development expenses\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "ead3582e"
    },
    {
      "context": "Modern missiles are integrated with advanced targeting technology, and an improperly functioning missile could cause civilian or allied soldier casualties.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Modern missiles are integrated with advanced targeting technology, and an improperly functioning missile\nEffect: civilian or allied soldier casualties\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "890430da"
    },
    {
      "context": "Deere offers a wide range of products that enhance fuel efficiency, specifically through its electric drivetrain offerings. These products also help the company address carbon emissions concerns; which is increasingly a point of focus for government authorities.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Deere offers a wide range of products that enhance fuel efficiency, specifically through its electric drivetrain offerings\nEffect: the company address carbon emissions concerns; which is increasingly a point of focus for government authorities\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "7a924f48"
    },
    {
      "context": "KeyCorp was hurt during the financial crisis largely because of its ventures into higher-risk commercial real estate lending in out-of-footprint states.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: its ventures into higher-risk commercial real estate lending in out-of-footprint states\nEffect: KeyCorp was hurt during the financial crisis largely\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "5b9d7ed5"
    },
    {
      "context": "We have increased our 2020 revenue growth estimate to 42% from 32%, as early indications are than ad spending has bounced back faster from the pandemic than we had expected.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: ad spending has bounced back faster from the pandemic than we had expected\nEffect: increased our 2020 revenue growth estimate to 42% from 32%\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "dc428bef"
    },
    {
      "context": "The company is exiting construction and lump-sum engineering, procurement, and construction (including LNG) projects, which we believe will result in a less risky and more profitable portfolio.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: The company is exiting construction and lump-sum engineering\nEffect: result in a less risky and more profitable portfolio\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "23a3debb"
    },
    {
      "context": "With the notoriously slowly moving restaurant industry forced to make widespread investments in technology in 2020, we expect \"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"omnichannel\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\" ordering capabilities to become a required offering from larger players.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: slowly moving restaurant industry forced to make widespread investments in technology\nEffect: omnichannel\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\" ordering capabilities to become a required offering from larger players\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "3b47cb1d"
    },
    {
      "context": "We project operating margins to reach 13% before moderating to our nearly 12% midcycle assumption, as we assume customers will increasingly adopt higher-margin fuel-efficient engines.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: we assume customers will increasingly adopt higher-margin fuel-efficient engines\nEffect: We project operating margins to reach 13% before moderating to our nearly 12% midcycle assumption\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "ad6723a9"
    },
    {
      "context": "In the longer term, we expect TAL Education to accelerate its growth via strong organic growth from both offline and online courses, and it is likely to gain more market shares due to its leading position in China's private after-school education market.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: its leading position in China's private after-school education market\nEffect: gain more market shares\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "3e3df982"
    },
    {
      "context": "While Behr's and Home Depot's joint effort to gain professional painter market share should result in better long-term growth prospects if successful, elevated investment spending and competition from Sherwin-Williams, PPG, and Benjamin Moore to maintain share could result in lower returns on invested capital.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: While Behr's and Home Depot's joint effort to gain professional painter market share\nEffect: should result in better long-term growth prospects if successful\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "db04658e"
    },
    {
      "context": "While Behr's and Home Depot's joint effort to gain professional painter market share should result in better long-term growth prospects if successful, elevated investment spending and competition from Sherwin-Williams, PPG, and Benjamin Moore to maintain share could result in lower returns on invested capital.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: While Behr's and Home Depot's joint effort to gain professional painter market share\nEffect: elevated investment spending and competition from Sherwin-Williams, PPG, and Benjamin Moore to maintain share could result in lower returns on invested capital\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "0462df7e"
    },
    {
      "context": "Rewriting software to run on a different architecture is a considerable hurdle that we think will stifle ARM inertia in the coming years.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: Rewriting software to run on a different architecture\nEffect: ARM inertia\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "32ed3157"
    },
    {
      "context": "Additionally, although its adoption might be very gradual, we expect increased choline inclusion in prenatal vitamins in response to several recent studies highlighting its effectiveness in promoting fetal brain development.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: increased choline inclusion in prenatal vitamins\nEffect: promoting fetal brain development\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "1219e1b4"
    },
    {
      "context": "We assign a medium uncertainty rating, as Siemens operates in disparate markets with countercyclical and long-cycle businesses offsetting the higher cyclicality of others.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Siemens operates in disparate markets with countercyclical and long-cycle businesses offsetting the higher cyclicality of others\nEffect: We assign a medium uncertainty rating\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "dbb746aa"
    },
    {
      "context": "Additionally, we believe the company will face increasing competition from McDonald's and other Western and Chinese quick-service restaurant rivals as they look to expand across the region and other emerging markets.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: McDonald's and other Western and Chinese quick-service restaurant rivals as they look to expand across the region and other emerging markets\nEffect: the company will face increasing competition\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "6d4c08e1"
    },
    {
      "context": "More than 1,200 company-owned locations were sold to franchisees after the 3G acquisition, resulting in 99% of systemwide restaurants now being operated by franchisees and licensees.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: More than 1,200 company-owned locations were sold to franchisees after the 3G acquisition\nEffect: 99% of systemwide restaurants now being operated by franchisees and licensees\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "4e45bb8f"
    },
    {
      "context": "Potential data breaches, given Rogers' access and transport of sensitive data, and business disruptions of what is now essentially a utility would also be risks.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: business disruptions of what is now essentially a utility\nEffect: Potential data breaches, given Rogers' access and transport of sensitive data\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "6edc987c"
    },
    {
      "context": "Through its 2012 acquisition of Dako, Agilent enjoys a top-tier position in the anatomical pathology market for tissue-based cancer diagnostics, making it a major player with top-tier diagnostic firms Roche and Danaher.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: its 2012 acquisition of Dako\nEffect: Agilent enjoys a top-tier position in the anatomical pathology market for tissue-based cancer diagnostics\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "12207826"
    },
    {
      "context": "Through its 2012 acquisition of Dako, Agilent enjoys a top-tier position in the anatomical pathology market for tissue-based cancer diagnostics, making it a major player with top-tier diagnostic firms Roche and Danaher.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Agilent enjoys a top-tier position in the anatomical pathology market for tissue-based cancer diagnostics\nEffect: making it a major player with top-tier diagnostic firms Roche and Danaher\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "0dad626f"
    },
    {
      "context": "In our view, more social currency accrues to the typical individual as their consumption skews to the higher end of the price spectrum.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: their consumption skews to the higher end of the price spectrum\nEffect: more social currency accrues to the typical individual\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "3e635d8f"
    },
    {
      "context": "Other internal catalysts for top-line growth could come from the firm's efficient supply chain, improved merchandising technology, and penetration of adjacent customer product segments, bolstered by the pending acquisition of HD Supply.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the firm's efficient supply chain\nEffect: Other internal catalysts for top-line growth\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "d9b78114"
    },
    {
      "context": "However, Polaris' brands do not benefit from switching costs, and with peers innovating more quickly than in the past, it could jeopardize the firm's ability to take price and share consistently, particularly in periods of inflated recalls or aggressive industry discounting.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Polaris' brands do not benefit from switching costs, and with peers innovating more quickly than in the past\nEffect: jeopardize the firm's ability to take price and share consistently, particularly in periods of inflated recalls or aggressive industry discounting\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "5ae1f154"
    },
    {
      "context": "The closure of an anchor usually means less traffic for a mall and many in line tenants opting out of their leases, which exacerbates the situation.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: The closure of an anchor usually means less traffic for a mall and many in line tenants opting out of their leases\nEffect: exacerbates the situation\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "f3f690a1"
    },
    {
      "context": "The operating margin is likely to expand in 2024 and 2025 to nearly 39%, as lower growth in operating expenses (driven by more automation of content, data, and user monitoring), coupled with revenue growth, will create operating leverage.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: coupled with revenue growth, will create operating leverage| lower growth in operating expenses\nEffect: The operating margin is likely to expand in 2024 and 2025 to nearly 39%\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "e0773e08"
    },
    {
      "context": "Our uncertainty rating for Grubhub is very high, as the firm is in a crowded space with competition from both larger and smaller companies.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the firm is in a crowded space with competition from both larger and smaller companies\nEffect: Our uncertainty rating for Grubhub is very high\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "cbc9019f"
    },
    {
      "context": "We suspect the familiarity of the brand and knowledge of the employee base keep the business in the forefront of consumers' minds as the premier choice for home improvement needs.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the familiarity of the brand and knowledge of the employee base\nEffect: keep the business in the forefront of consumers' minds as the premier choice for home improvement needs\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "dad2857a"
    },
    {
      "context": "Consumers have limited discretionary dollars to spend, and as fashions and trends cycle, there could be a disproportionate impact on EA's cash flow.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: fashions and trends cycle\nEffect: a disproportionate impact on EA's cash flow\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "f4c814e9"
    },
    {
      "context": "Additionally, Williams-Sonoma's fundamental demand is tied somewhat to the performance of the domestic home improvement market (which we believe will grow 3% on average over the medium term) and consumer confidence, which can to fluctuate over an economic cycle, driving volatility in sales.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: performance of the domestic home improvement market\nEffect: Williams-Sonoma's fundamental demand\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "60dfe399"
    },
    {
      "context": "Additionally, Williams-Sonoma's fundamental demand is tied somewhat to the performance of the domestic home improvement market (which we believe will grow 3% on average over the medium term) and consumer confidence, which can to fluctuate over an economic cycle, driving volatility in sales.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: consumer confidence\nEffect: performance of the domestic home improvement market (which we believe will grow 3% on average over the medium term)\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "018609dc"
    },
    {
      "context": "Additionally, Williams-Sonoma's fundamental demand is tied somewhat to the performance of the domestic home improvement market (which we believe will grow 3% on average over the medium term) and consumer confidence, which can to fluctuate over an economic cycle, driving volatility in sales.",
      "question": "2 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: consumer confidence, which can to fluctuate over an economic cycle\nEffect: driving volatility in sales\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "831c827a"
    },
    {
      "context": "To more quantitatively orient our thoughts regarding the company's cost positioning, we use cost of goods sold per hectoliter as an indicator for procurement leverage, along with HLs per brewery as an indicator of brewery productivity and attendant capacity utilization.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: more quantitatively orient our thoughts regarding the company's cost positioning\nEffect: use cost of goods sold per hectoliter as an indicator for procurement leverage, along with HLs per brewery as an indicator of brewery productivity and attendant capacity utilization\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "724c94c3"
    },
    {
      "context": "Additionally, as it moves into new middleweight and small displacement product categories in an attempt to offset domestic declines, it risks the inability to market properly to a new consumer base.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: it moves into new middleweight and small displacement product categories\nEffect: domestic declines\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "dc09d46f"
    },
    {
      "context": "Additionally, as it moves into new middleweight and small displacement product categories in an attempt to offset domestic declines, it risks the inability to market properly to a new consumer base.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: it moves into new middleweight and small displacement product categories in an attempt to offset domestic declines\nEffect: to market properly to a new consumer base\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "0cc57b19"
    },
    {
      "context": "Although customers outline the specific flavor and fragrance profiles they are looking to achieve, the resulting intellectual property developed by International Flavors &amp; Fragrances stays with the company. This establishes valuable intangible assets that allow IFF to generate economic profit over the life cycle of the products in which the proprietary formulations are used.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Although customers outline the specific flavor and fragrance profiles they are looking to achieve, the resulting intellectual property developed by International Flavors &amp; Fragrances stays with the company\nEffect: establishes valuable intangible assets that allow IFF to generate economic profit over the life cycle of the products in which the proprietary formulations are used\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "17d5111b"
    },
    {
      "context": "Although the present environment poses unique challenges, the off-price sector has performed well in such situations historically (Ross and TJX saw low- to mid-single-digit percentage comparable growth in 2008-09), and we expect Burlington to exit the crisis in better shape than full-price retailers.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the off-price sector has performed well in such situations historically\nEffect: Burlington to exit the crisis in better shape than full-price retailers\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "9a4cb447"
    },
    {
      "context": "We also think the company's global reach will continue to resonate, and its already strong presence within rapidly growing emerging markets to expand further.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: its already strong presence within rapidly growing emerging markets\nEffect: the company's global reach will continue to resonate\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "fa6db2ca"
    },
    {
      "context": "In 2019, PBMs represented 2.5% of the global ground meat market, and we expect penetration into the meat category to be robust the next several years, as restaurants and retailers across the globe offer the new meat-like products.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: restaurants and retailers across the globe offer the new meat-like products\nEffect: penetration into the meat category to be robust the next several years\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "a0e316f4"
    },
    {
      "context": "And, in an effort to offset hefty raw material inflation (which management now pegs at $900 million to $1.1 billion in fiscal 2021, up from $450 million to $600 million prior), Kimberly plans to raise prices across its mix at mid- to high-single-digit rates beginning in late June.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: raise prices across its mix at mid- to high-single-digit rates beginning in late June\nEffect: offset hefty raw material inflation\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "88405918"
    },
    {
      "context": "Slack offers a freemium model and caters to companies of all sizes, which means revenue is concentrated among the largest customers.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Slack offers a freemium model and caters to companies of all sizes\nEffect: revenue is concentrated among the largest customers\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "11eb45e4"
    },
    {
      "context": "Beginning in 1998 as a roll-up of auto salvage companies in the fragmented North American market, LKQ quickly grew its operations through more than 280 acquisitions and by increasing its market penetration with an ever-expanding catalog.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: by increasing its market penetration with an ever-expanding catalog.\nEffect: LKQ quickly grew its operations through more than 280 acquisitions\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "bf9b9bbb"
    },
    {
      "context": "We attribute AMN's network effect to its traditional staffing business, with its crux in AMN's primary business: the staffing of long-term and temporary nurses across several specialties, to a plethora of leading healthcare providers.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: its traditional staffing business, with its crux in AMN's primary business: the staffing of long-term and temporary nurses across several specialties, to a plethora of leading healthcare providers\nEffect: AMN's network effect\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "e1042b0e"
    },
    {
      "context": "Still, we think the greatest margin improvement will come from gross margin expansion as the company grows out of relatively new discounted subscription contracts and also depends proportionally less on its low-margin services business.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: gross margin expansion\nEffect: the greatest margin improvement\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "85a12632"
    },
    {
      "context": "Benefiting from a cost advantage and protected by intangible assets, aggregates and cement companies tend to enjoy significant pricing power.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: a cost advantage and protected by intangible assets\nEffect: aggregates and cement companies tend to enjoy significant pricing power\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "e34203fe"
    },
    {
      "context": "We think Aon will enjoy a mix of tailwinds and headwinds in the near term, but the impact of the coronavirus has been a modest weight on near-term results.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the impact of the coronavirus\nEffect: has been a modest weight on near-term results\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "441cc382"
    },
    {
      "context": "This is particularly true in searching for general information, because it is still a necessity, and Baidu has a dominant market share of over 70% in search.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: it is still a necessity\nEffect: Baidu has a dominant market share of over 70% in search\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "067cead1"
    },
    {
      "context": "This means oil price volatility leads to short-term volatility in revenue, as Viper is paid a percentage of what the operator obtains.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Viper is paid a percentage of what the operator obtains\nEffect: This means oil price volatility leads to short-term volatility in revenue\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "6f94071e"
    },
    {
      "context": "We're projecting deliveries reaching roughly 2019 levels in 2024 and substantial negative operating leverage in the near-term due to the COVID-19 pandemic.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the COVID-19 pandemic\nEffect: deliveries reaching roughly 2019 levels in 2024 and substantial negative operating leverage in the near-term\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "40f37d4c"
    },
    {
      "context": "Our volume forecast is muted by the emergence of cheaper suppliers in lower-cost labor countries; however, Canopy's production expansion into Colombia and Lesotho helps protect its share.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: by the emergence of cheaper suppliers in lower-cost labor countries\nEffect: Our volume forecast is muted\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "d20ab3aa"
    },
    {
      "context": "Our volume forecast is muted by the emergence of cheaper suppliers in lower-cost labor countries; however, Canopy's production expansion into Colombia and Lesotho helps protect its share.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Canopy's production expansion into Colombia and Lesotho\nEffect: helps protect its share\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "8069743f"
    },
    {
      "context": "With a significant portion of annual revenue generated by management fees levied on AUM, dramatic market movements or changes in fund flows can have a meaningful impact on operating profits and cash flows.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: With a significant portion of annual revenue generated by management fees levied on AUM| dramatic market movements or changes in fund flows\nEffect: a meaningful impact on operating profits and cash flows\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "c9ce889e"
    },
    {
      "context": "By concentrating purchases, Five Below becomes more valuable to its vendors while ensuring the volume needed to hold per-item shipping and logistics costs down, creating further fuel to feed the chain's value-oriented message.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: concentrating purchases\nEffect: Five Below becomes more valuable to its vendors\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "6aeaef53"
    },
    {
      "context": "By concentrating purchases, Five Below becomes more valuable to its vendors while ensuring the volume needed to hold per-item shipping and logistics costs down, creating further fuel to feed the chain's value-oriented message.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: concentrating purchases\nEffect: ensuring the volume needed to hold per-item shipping and logistics costs down\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "53575455"
    },
    {
      "context": "By concentrating purchases, Five Below becomes more valuable to its vendors while ensuring the volume needed to hold per-item shipping and logistics costs down, creating further fuel to feed the chain's value-oriented message.",
      "question": "2 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: concentrating purchases\nEffect: creating further fuel to feed the chain's value-oriented message\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "6df85289"
    },
    {
      "context": "As Church & Dwight continues to purchase leading brands to capture market share, we worry it will extend itself too far into categories with which it is not as familiar.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Church & Dwight continues to purchase leading brands to capture market share\nEffect: it will extend itself too far into categories with which it is not as familiar\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "3059d71e"
    },
    {
      "context": "In directional drilling, for example, National Oilwell has focused on downhole drilling motors, which the other integrated-services companies years ago de-emphasized owing to the increasing competitiveness and lower margins.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the increasing competitiveness and lower margins\nEffect: the other integrated-services companies years ago de-emphasized\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "50abbfae"
    },
    {
      "context": "As potash prices recover, we forecast Mosaic's production will eventually rise to 12 million metric tons, with all incremental volumes coming from the low-cost K3 potash mine.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: potash prices recover\nEffect: Mosaic's production will eventually rise to 12 million metric tons\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "839fe952"
    },
    {
      "context": "This dynamic tends to keep spinal surgeons loyal to Medtronic's products, as long as the company does not fall too far behind its competitors when it comes to introducing new technology.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: This dynamic tends to keep spinal surgeons loyal to Medtronic's products\nEffect: the company does not fall too far behind its competitors when it comes to introducing new technology\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "82bb0b3a"
    },
    {
      "context": "Hanes owns factories in Latin America and the Caribbean and can produce basic apparel at least as efficiently as others because it has the greatest volume.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: it has the greatest volume\nEffect: Hanes owns factories in Latin America and the Caribbean and can produce basic apparel at least as efficiently as others\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "f043a356"
    },
    {
      "context": "Biosimilars (follow-on versions of branded biologics) are associated with significantly higher costs of manufacturing, clinical trials, and marketing than traditional small-molecule generics, and therefore have not had as dramatic an impact on branded drug sales at launch.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Biosimilars (follow-on versions of branded biologics) are associated with significantly higher costs of manufacturing, clinical trials, and marketing\nEffect: have not had as dramatic an impact on branded drug sales at launch\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "39b28100"
    },
    {
      "context": "Caterpillar focuses on providing the lowest total cost of ownership, so the robust service Caterpillar can offer its customers is a source of competitive strength.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Caterpillar focuses on providing the lowest total cost of ownership\nEffect: the robust service Caterpillar can offer its customers is a source of competitive strength\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "96e0e78d"
    },
    {
      "context": "While we think new competitors could enter through the e-commerce channel, in our opinion they would be limited to operating in few and particular categories because of the prohibitive shipping costs numerous products entail.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the prohibitive shipping costs numerous products entail\nEffect: they would be limited to operating in few and particular categories\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "3c0f8bee"
    },
    {
      "context": "We anticipate the pandemic will also support an uptick in demand for heart-lung machines, associated consumables, and the TandemLife extracorporeal membrane oxygenation machines that will partially offset the neuromodulation decline.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: We anticipate the pandemic will also support an uptick in demand for heart-lung machines, associated consumables, and the TandemLife extracorporeal membrane oxygenation machines\nEffect: partially offset the neuromodulation decline\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "93a4589a"
    },
    {
      "context": "These firms present a new wave of merger opportunities for the industry consolidators, including Diageo, to strengthen their presence in developing markets.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: These firms present a new wave of merger opportunities for the industry consolidators, including Diageo\nEffect: their presence in developing markets\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "40e64cef"
    },
    {
      "context": "Although tobacco companies spend roughly $10 billion in marketing in the U.S., roughly two-thirds is spent on price discounts to reduce the cost of cigarettes to consumers.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: tobacco companies spend roughly $10 billion in marketing in the U.S., roughly two-thirds is spent on price discounts\nEffect: reduce the cost of cigarettes to consumers\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "26557ead"
    },
    {
      "context": "Previously undiscovered soil and ground water contamination on operating sites could lead to material fines or other penalties in the future.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: undiscovered soil and ground water contamination on operating sites\nEffect: material fines or other penalties in the future\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "e00d22a5"
    },
    {
      "context": "With the majority of its linerboard and medium constructed from virgin fiber, WestRock faces the risk that softwood chip prices could increase substantially, forcing virgin fiber manufacturers to live with tighter margins to remain cost-competitive with recycled manufacturers.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the majority of its linerboard and medium constructed from virgin fiber\nEffect: WestRock faces the risk that softwood chip prices could increase substantially\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "0dba8f6f"
    },
    {
      "context": "With the majority of its linerboard and medium constructed from virgin fiber, WestRock faces the risk that softwood chip prices could increase substantially, forcing virgin fiber manufacturers to live with tighter margins to remain cost-competitive with recycled manufacturers.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: WestRock faces the risk that softwood chip prices could increase substantially\nEffect: virgin fiber manufacturers to live with tighter margins\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "9e508e21"
    },
    {
      "context": "With the majority of its linerboard and medium constructed from virgin fiber, WestRock faces the risk that softwood chip prices could increase substantially, forcing virgin fiber manufacturers to live with tighter margins to remain cost-competitive with recycled manufacturers.",
      "question": "2 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: virgin fiber manufacturers to live with tighter margins\nEffect: remain cost-competitive with recycled manufacturers\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "dd73116b"
    },
    {
      "context": "The registration process serves as a barrier to entry for would-be competitors: Even if they were to enter the market, they would have to disrupt sticky business relationships that Balchem enjoys due to its reputation as a reliable supplier.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Even if they were to enter the market, they would have to disrupt sticky business relationships that Balchem enjoys due to its reputation as a reliable supplier\nEffect: The registration process serves as a barrier to entry for would-be competitors\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "15dcdf5e"
    },
    {
      "context": "As economic conditions recover, we think KCS has slightly higher volume growth potential (albeit with higher risk) through its cross-border exposure to Mexico, including Mexican energy reform shipments (inbound refined products).",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: economic conditions recover\nEffect: KCS has slightly higher volume growth potential (albeit with higher risk) through its cross-border exposure to Mexico, including Mexican energy reform shipments (inbound refined products)\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "47262cff"
    },
    {
      "context": "This adds another layer of risk if the firm markets improperly to new audiences in new markets, which could have significantly different consumption preferences than.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the firm markets improperly to new audiences in new markets\nEffect: This adds another layer of risk\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "d70ba1b9"
    },
    {
      "context": "While we continue to expect strong growth through 2021 due to the ongoing COVID-19 crisis, we also assume Qiagen's results return to more normalized levels beyond that.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the ongoing COVID-19 crisis\nEffect: strong growth\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "0f81acf6"
    },
    {
      "context": "While we continue to expect strong growth through 2021 due to the ongoing COVID-19 crisis, we also assume Qiagen's results return to more normalized levels beyond that.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: beyond that\nEffect: Qiagen's results return to more normalized levels\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "89ff2daf"
    },
    {
      "context": "Repair shops often require delivery of purchased components within less than an hour of placing an order, creating a last-mile delivery expectation that is difficult to meet without an extensive store and warehouse network.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: an extensive store and warehouse network\nEffect: creating a last-mile delivery expectation\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "a729bf17"
    },
    {
      "context": "With SolidWorks being considered the industry standard for many of its solutions, specifically within product manufacturing, universities are convinced to continue teaching the software in its programs, which drives firms to continue using this industry standard, causing universities to continue to teach the software in their technical curriculums.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: SolidWorks being considered the industry standard for many of its solutions, specifically within product manufacturing, universities are convinced to continue teaching the software in its programs\nEffect: firms to continue using this industry standard\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "89495017"
    },
    {
      "context": "With SolidWorks being considered the industry standard for many of its solutions, specifically within product manufacturing, universities are convinced to continue teaching the software in its programs, which drives firms to continue using this industry standard, causing universities to continue to teach the software in their technical curriculums.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: SolidWorks being considered the industry standard for many of its solutions, specifically within product manufacturing, universities are convinced to continue teaching the software in its programs\nEffect: universities to continue to teach the software in their technical curriculums\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "1fc9c9e7"
    },
    {
      "context": "Led by 6% growth in China, 36% digital growth, and solid sales in Europe, the firm outperformed our sales and earnings estimates in the third quarter.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: 6% growth in China, 36% digital growth, and solid sales in Europe\nEffect: the firm outperformed our sales and earnings estimates in the third quarter\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "3c1c86e6"
    },
    {
      "context": "As Tyler continues to benefit from larger deals, we believe it will bump into the larger horizontal software companies more frequently.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Tyler continues to benefit from larger deals\nEffect: it will bump into the larger horizontal software companies more frequently\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "462204d3"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect Magellan to continue to benefit from a stable environment for its refined product footprint over the long run, which will serve as the cash cow for its investments in crude oil pipelines and other investments as opportunities arise.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Magellan to continue to benefit from a stable environment for its refined product footprint over the long run\nEffect: cash cow for its investments in crude oil pipelines and other investments as opportunities arise\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "5623b280"
    },
    {
      "context": "BB&T was the larger of the two franchises, and we see material cost savings and therefore operating improvements from the merger.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: material cost savings\nEffect: operating improvements from the merger\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "1b87436e"
    },
    {
      "context": "In addition, with operations in Egypt and a production-sharing contract with the Egyptian government, the company is exposed to geopolitical risk in the Middle East.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: operations in Egypt and a production-sharing contract with the Egyptian government\nEffect: the company is exposed to geopolitical risk in the Middle East\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "668e2e5e"
    },
    {
      "context": "Julius Baer has a premium brand in the market, a diverse range of products and an excellent reputation with clients, this enables Julius Baer to retain and attract the best relationship managers.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: diverse range of products and an excellent reputation with clients\nEffect: enables Julius Baer to retain and attract the best relationship managers\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "73de58dc"
    },
    {
      "context": "We assume earned premiums increase at a fairly modest 2% organic compound annual growth rate over our projection period, as we expect recent price increases to fade and potentially reverse.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: we expect recent price increases to fade and potentially reverse\nEffect: earned premiums increase at a fairly modest 2% organic compound annual growth rate over our projection period\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "dfd426c6"
    },
    {
      "context": "With its broad domestic manufacturing and distribution network, we posit that Campbell operates with lower unit and distribution costs, as well as greater supply chain efficiency and an enhanced ability to leverage brand spending, than smaller peers.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: its broad domestic manufacturing and distribution network\nEffect: Campbell operates with lower unit and distribution costs\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "e49b8ba4"
    },
    {
      "context": "With its broad domestic manufacturing and distribution network, we posit that Campbell operates with lower unit and distribution costs, as well as greater supply chain efficiency and an enhanced ability to leverage brand spending, than smaller peers.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: its broad domestic manufacturing and distribution network\nEffect: greater supply chain efficiency\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "1920b288"
    },
    {
      "context": "With its broad domestic manufacturing and distribution network, we posit that Campbell operates with lower unit and distribution costs, as well as greater supply chain efficiency and an enhanced ability to leverage brand spending, than smaller peers.",
      "question": "2 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: its broad domestic manufacturing and distribution network\nEffect: an enhanced ability to leverage brand spending, than smaller peers\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "9a26e6e3"
    },
    {
      "context": "We forecast revenue will rebound about 25% in 2021 as the parks business bounces back and the delayed Olympics helps fuel a resurgence in ad sales.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the parks business bounces back and the delayed Olympics\nEffect: revenue will rebound about 25% in 2021\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "f0fe1cc2"
    },
    {
      "context": "We forecast revenue will rebound about 25% in 2021 as the parks business bounces back and the delayed Olympics helps fuel a resurgence in ad sales.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the delayed Olympics\nEffect: fuel a resurgence in ad sales\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "07ccfc1c"
    },
    {
      "context": "However, this remains a remote possibility, as there is no indication that this is a priority for the current administration, and legislative goals are focused elsewhere.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: there is no indication that this is a priority for the current administration, and legislative goals are focused elsewhere\nEffect: this remains a remote possibility\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "19b1a842"
    },
    {
      "context": "Such transitions are not easy and tend to pressure near-term results, but we think the company is about at the trough, and operating improvement should follow over the next several years.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: operating improvement should follow over the next several years.\nEffect: tend to pressure near-term results\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "048021c6"
    },
    {
      "context": "However, Nasdaq can generate associated revenue from its trading business through the use of its intangible assets to sell data, listing services, and licenses for its indexes.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: use of its intangible assets to sell data, listing services, and licenses for its indexes\nEffect: generate associated revenue from its trading business\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "37fcea09"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect Symphony's business to grow in the mid-single digits in 2022 and beyond, resulting in 2024 revenue of about $330 million.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Symphony's business to grow in the mid-single digits in 2022 and beyond\nEffect: 2024 revenue of about $330 million\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "edc4a36a"
    },
    {
      "context": "With equity and credit markets likely to remain volatile the next several years, we expect Federated to generate negative 0.9% organic long-term AUM growth on average during 2021-25.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: With equity and credit markets likely to remain volatile the next several years\nEffect: we expect Federated to generate negative 0.9% organic long-term AUM growth on average during 2021-25\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "fa387750"
    },
    {
      "context": "CenterPoint Energy's regulated utilities have significant investment opportunities, but Enable Midstream Partners LP's earnings remain under pressure due to the impact of COVID-19 on the global economy and the reduction in oil prices.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the impact of COVID-19 on the global economy and the reduction in oil prices\nEffect: Enable Midstream Partners LP's earnings remain under pressure\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "4c5139f2"
    },
    {
      "context": "However, ICE's origination technology revenue is likely at a cyclical high, and we expect that as origination volumes normalize, the segment will face headwinds partially offset by the underlying secular growth.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: origination volumes normalize\nEffect: the segment will face headwinds\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "f3344c3a"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect Robert Half to increase permanent placements by providing employers access to its deep bench of highly skilled professionals.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: providing employers access to its deep bench of highly skilled professionals\nEffect: Robert Half to increase permanent placements\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "57d64189"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe it was a positive that preliminary weather-adjusted sales growth is estimated to be 3% due to strong industrial growth in the Mississippi Delta and expected recovery of commercial volumes.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: strong industrial growth in the Mississippi Delta and expected recovery of commercial volumes\nEffect: it was a positive that preliminary weather-adjusted sales growth is estimated to be 3%\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "40c9ebf4"
    },
    {
      "context": "Dish now holds a well-diversified portfolio of spectrum assets that would nicely support the offering of wireless service, but no network to utilize that spectrum nor the financial resources to build one on its own.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: a well-diversified portfolio of spectrum assets\nEffect: nicely support the offering of wireless service\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "81b36e2a"
    },
    {
      "context": "Alnylam Pharmaceuticals is a pioneer in designing therapeutics based on RNA interference, a mechanism that occurs naturally in cells and silences overexpressed genes, which often cause protein misfolding and/or protein accumulation.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: silences overexpressed genes\nEffect: protein misfolding and/or protein accumulation\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "987d33b2"
    },
    {
      "context": "We think the network effect is strongest on the MercadoLibre platform (where 90% of the listings are fixed price) and believe this key competitive advantage is enough to set the firm apart from competition, making it difficult for rivals to poach customers.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: this key competitive advantage is enough to set the firm apart from competition\nEffect: making it difficult for rivals to poach customers\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "7d9ca6c5"
    },
    {
      "context": "With Lazard deriving half of its revenue from financial advisory and half from asset management, the company's revenue and earnings can be cyclical.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Lazard deriving half of its revenue from financial advisory and half from asset management\nEffect: the company's revenue and earnings can be cyclical\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "52562518"
    },
    {
      "context": "Coupa should benefit from operating leverage, and we expect expansion in GAAP operating margin from negative 31% in fiscal 2021 to negative 9% in fiscal 2026.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: expansion in GAAP operating margin from negative 31% in fiscal 2021 to negative 9% in fiscal 2026\nEffect: Coupa should benefit from operating leverage\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "d242989d"
    },
    {
      "context": "We think a more realistic estimate of Paylocity's current TAM is $12 billion, as most companies will not adopt all of the applications Paylocity offers.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: most companies will not adopt all of the applications Paylocity offers\nEffect: a more realistic estimate of Paylocity's current TAM is $12 billion\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "236bd12f"
    },
    {
      "context": "WW's studio business has been negatively impacted by COVID-19-related changes in consumer behavior, which will likely result in a reduction in the number of WW studios.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: negatively impacted by COVID-19-related changes in consumer behavior\nEffect: a reduction in the number of WW studios.\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "d58d3574"
    },
    {
      "context": "Given China's fast food penetration rate is still low compared with that in more developed countries, we see Yum China accelerating unit openings with new restaurant formats at lower-tier cities, resulting in operational efficiencies that can unlock future margin expansion.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: China's fast food penetration rate is still low compared with that in more developed countries\nEffect: Yum China accelerating unit openings with new restaurant formats at lower-tier cities\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "df9e9036"
    },
    {
      "context": "Given China's fast food penetration rate is still low compared with that in more developed countries, we see Yum China accelerating unit openings with new restaurant formats at lower-tier cities, resulting in operational efficiencies that can unlock future margin expansion.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Yum China accelerating unit openings with new restaurant formats at lower-tier cities\nEffect: operational efficiencies that can unlock future margin expansion\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "ff96173a"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe that Enbridge's broad network of midstream assets and geographic diversification will serve it well in the low oil and gas price environment, and crude and natural gas pipeline expansions in growing regions will fuel EBITDA growth.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Enbridge's broad network of midstream assets and geographic diversification will serve it well in the low oil and gas price environment, and crude and natural gas pipeline expansions in growing regions\nEffect: fuel EBITDA growth\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "166a1c3b"
    },
    {
      "context": "The location of a horizontal shale well plays a huge part in determining its eventual productivity and also influences the oil content of its production stream.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: The location of a horizontal shale well\nEffect: determining its eventual productivity and also influences the oil content of its production stream\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "c2858f45"
    },
    {
      "context": "We anticipate that the top line will grow slightly below the growth rate in defense spending at midcycle because the long-cycle nature of shipbuilding generally prevents contractors from fully participating in defense budget growth.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the long-cycle nature of shipbuilding generally prevents contractors from fully participating in defense budget growth\nEffect: We anticipate that the top line will grow slightly below the growth rate in defense spending at midcycle\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "307df4cc"
    },
    {
      "context": "As the firm's platforms match individuals seeking relationships with other individuals, they require individuals to submit a lot of personal information.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the firm's platforms match individuals seeking relationships with other individuals\nEffect: they require individuals to submit a lot of personal information\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "93f357ff"
    },
    {
      "context": "Eaton's products mostly compete in the differentiated portions of its end markets, which we think reduces the risk of commoditization.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Eaton's products mostly compete in the differentiated portions of its end markets\nEffect: reduces the risk of commoditization\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "f5b6652c"
    },
    {
      "context": "Given this deal will cover network that contributes to around 80% of 5G network expenditure, this could be quite significant although savings will reduce as more traffic is put on the network as capacity related capital expenditures savings will be much smaller than coverage related savings.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: this deal will cover network that contributes to around 80% of 5G network expenditure\nEffect: this could be quite significant although savings will reduce as more traffic is put on the network as capacity related capital expenditures savings will be much smaller than coverage related savings\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "c18b2a06"
    },
    {
      "context": "Eversource's partnership with global offshore wind developer Orsted could result in more than $2 billion of investment during the next five years.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Eversource's partnership with global offshore wind developer Orsted\nEffect: more than $2 billion of investment during the next five years\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "8912a70e"
    },
    {
      "context": "The applied water segment benefits from similar industry dynamics as water infrastructure, as it also manufactures equipment that performs vital functions. This leads to relatively high switching costs, as any plant downtime can be extremely costly for industrial and commercial customers.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: The applied water segment benefits from similar industry dynamics as water infrastructure, as it also manufactures equipment that performs vital functions\nEffect: relatively high switching costs, as any plant downtime can be extremely costly for industrial and commercial customers\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "e8467dd9"
    },
    {
      "context": "In that scenario, we'd expect Group 1 to benefit from extra service work for recalled vehicles paid for by the automaker, thus mass recalls could actually be a net positive for a dealer.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Group 1 to benefit from extra service work for recalled vehicles paid for by the automaker\nEffect: mass recalls could actually be a net positive for a dealer\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "022bd2be"
    },
    {
      "context": "Eni's latest strategy to achieve carbon neutrality in 2050 rests on three pillars: decarbonization, diversification, and what it calls flexibility and resiliency.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: decarbonization, diversification, and what it calls flexibility and resiliency\nEffect: Eni's latest strategy to achieve carbon neutrality in 2050\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "4c638d27"
    },
    {
      "context": "This is especially true for CMC, given that the company manufactures undifferentiated long-rolled products that require little to no value-added processing.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the company manufactures undifferentiated long-rolled products\nEffect: This is especially true for CMC\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "46d814c1"
    },
    {
      "context": "Beyond that, though, we expect operating margins to rebound and rise toward the midteens by 2025 as operations normalize and the firm wrings out some efficiencies.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: operations normalize and the firm wrings out some efficiencies\nEffect: operating margins to rebound and rise toward the midteens by 2025\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "51b75224"
    },
    {
      "context": "While an increased focus on diagnostics due to the coronavirus pandemic could be a tailwind, direct competition is likely to increase to meet this rising demand, and Bio-Rad may not benefit meaningfully from this trend despite a growing market.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: coronavirus pandemic\nEffect: increased focus on diagnostics\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "e5692667"
    },
    {
      "context": "While an increased focus on diagnostics due to the coronavirus pandemic could be a tailwind, direct competition is likely to increase to meet this rising demand, and Bio-Rad may not benefit meaningfully from this trend despite a growing market.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: direct competition is likely to increase to meet this rising demand\nEffect: Bio-Rad may not benefit\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "150691a4"
    },
    {
      "context": "In addition, the risk of wide-body aircraft order cancellations, early retirements and reduced flight hours negatively affect the in-service fleet size and aftermarket margins.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: he risk of wide-body aircraft order cancellations, early retirements and reduced flight hours\nEffect: the in-service fleet size and aftermarket margins.\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "764457bd"
    },
    {
      "context": "While Simon's revenue is somewhat protected by long-term leases, we see retailer bankruptcies causing a significant drop in occupancy and Simon being forced to offer rent concessions to keep others afloat.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: retailer bankruptcies\nEffect: a significant drop in occupancy\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "f2a3bf5a"
    },
    {
      "context": "While Simon's revenue is somewhat protected by long-term leases, we see retailer bankruptcies causing a significant drop in occupancy and Simon being forced to offer rent concessions to keep others afloat.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Simon being forced to offer rent concessions\nEffect: keep others afloat\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "289808e0"
    },
    {
      "context": "We project Telus to grow its mobile phone subscriber base by about 2% annually, but we think more aggressive competition will limit ARPU growth to less than 1% annually during that span.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: limit ARPU growth to less than 1% annually during that span\nEffect: more aggressive competition\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "6656482c"
    },
    {
      "context": "We think the company deserves a high uncertainty rating due to the risks associated with its drug portfolio, which has three approved drugs, Adcetris, Padcev, and Tukysa.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the risks associated with its drug portfolio\nEffect: the company deserves a high uncertainty rating\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "5e5defae"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe that it is relatively hassle-free for enterprises to change equipment providers because equipment leases are often bundled with supplies and servicing.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: equipment leases are often bundled with supplies and servicing\nEffect: it is relatively hassle-free for enterprises to change equipment providers\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "4d2ebb23"
    },
    {
      "context": "Although we're not concerned with anti-trust issues as the analog industry is fragmented, geopolitical tensions may make it more difficult for semiconductor mergers to receive worldwide approval.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: geopolitical tensions\nEffect: more difficult for semiconductor mergers to receive worldwide\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "514d222a"
    },
    {
      "context": "This is because shippers desire efficient access to the small carrier base throughout the cycle and the broader trucking industry will continue to face periodic growth constraints due to the constrained driver pool.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the constrained driver pool\nEffect: the broader trucking industry will continue to face periodic growth constraints\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "899be69f"
    },
    {
      "context": "Bancorp is not large enough to be considered a global systemically important bank and therefore avoids some of the more onerous regulatory capital requirements.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Bancorp is not large enough to be considered a global systemically important bank\nEffect: avoids some of the more onerous regulatory capital requirements\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "f3eb4f73"
    },
    {
      "context": "The combination of lean manufacturing practices with best-cost locations provides a competitive cost advantage that supports continued economic profit generation.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: The combination of lean manufacturing practices with best-cost locations\nEffect: a competitive cost advantage that supports continued economic profit generation\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "24394036"
    },
    {
      "context": "Second, although a strong relationship with a dispensary worker could provide an advantage, we think they would be loyal to whoever last paid them, requiring significant marketing expense to maintain the relationship and eroding economic profit.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: a strong relationship with a dispensary worker\nEffect: provide an advantage\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "412734ec"
    },
    {
      "context": "Second, although a strong relationship with a dispensary worker could provide an advantage, we think they would be loyal to whoever last paid them, requiring significant marketing expense to maintain the relationship and eroding economic profit.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: they would be loyal to whoever last paid them\nEffect: eroding economic profit\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "c968e3dd"
    },
    {
      "context": "Both IP and ITT's connect and control technologies segment, or CCT, should increasingly create shareholder value as management furthers lean improvements.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: management furthers lean improvements\nEffect: Both IP and ITT's connect and control technologies segment, or CCT, should increasingly create shareholder value\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "e8a813ad"
    },
    {
      "context": "Further, we think overcapacity and pricing declines in reinsurance market raise the risk of poor results over the next few years.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: overcapacity and pricing declines in reinsurance market\nEffect: the risk of poor results over the next few years\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "5eb1f923"
    },
    {
      "context": "In Avery's LGM business, we expect margins to come under pressure in the long run, falling gradually toward 12% as competition erodes the profitability of less differentiated label and graphic products.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: competition erodes the profitability of less differentiated label and graphic products\nEffect: margins to come under pressure in the long run, falling gradually toward 12%\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "38e75f91"
    },
    {
      "context": "Strategically, we thought that sale made sense given the ongoing commodification and weak demand trends in its core dental markets.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: ongoing commodification and weak demand trends in its core dental markets\nEffect: that sale made sense\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "74524bc4"
    },
    {
      "context": "Exposure to Latin America, Asia, and the Middle East positions Sealed Air's food care segment to grow roughly 4%-5% in the long run.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Exposure to Latin America, Asia, and the Middle East\nEffect: Sealed Air's food care segment to grow roughly 4%-5% in the long run\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "d094e01d"
    },
    {
      "context": "Most online grocery shopping still comes from a neighborhood grocery store, since these stores are conveniently located near end consumers.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: these stores are conveniently located near end consumers\nEffect: Most online grocery shopping still comes from a neighborhood grocery store\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "8c64c57a"
    },
    {
      "context": "With oil prices crashing, the firm doesn't have much near-term cash flow potential from any of its product streams, which resulted in a major sell-off.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: oil prices crashing\nEffect: the firm doesn't have much near-term cash flow potential from any of its product streams\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "a0447088"
    },
    {
      "context": "With oil prices crashing, the firm doesn't have much near-term cash flow potential from any of its product streams, which resulted in a major sell-off.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the firm doesn't have much near-term cash flow potential from any of its product streams\nEffect: a major sell-off\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "583c6b25"
    },
    {
      "context": "Over the last two decades, Edwards Lifesciences has demonstrated that it knows how to maintain leadership through innovation of tissue heart valves.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: through innovation of tissue heart valves\nEffect: Over the last two decades, Edwards Lifesciences has demonstrated that it knows how to maintain leadership\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "07f9c36c"
    },
    {
      "context": "Risks surrounding additional waves of coronavirus cases and elongated time until an effective treatment and vaccine are widely distributed globally remain, which could delay our forecast recovery in demand.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Risks surrounding additional waves of coronavirus cases and elongated time until an effective treatment and vaccine are widely distributed globally remain\nEffect: delay our forecast recovery in demand\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "60f9216a"
    },
    {
      "context": "Additionally, biopharma consolidation could result in periods of disruption as a newly merged company may deprioritize some early-stage work or freeze trials while weighing integration strategy.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: a newly merged company may deprioritize some early-stage work or freeze trials while weighing integration strategy\nEffect: biopharma consolidation could result in periods of disruption\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "53cb4238"
    },
    {
      "context": "Moaty operators in our coverage tend to generate superior returns on invested capital, boast comparable sales outperformance relative to peers, and frequently generate compelling store-level economics, resulting in heightened franchisee interest and unit growth.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Moaty operators in our coverage tend to generate superior returns on invested capital, boast comparable sales outperformance relative to peers, and frequently generate compelling store-level economics\nEffect: heightened franchisee interest and unit growth\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "1e29bc12"
    },
    {
      "context": "The firm made a string of ill-advised capital allocation decisions, culminating with the 2018 purchase of Time Warner, that have left it open to justified criticism.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: The firm made a string of ill-advised capital allocation decisions, culminating with the 2018 purchase of Time Warner\nEffect: have left it open to justified criticism\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "690cc0c2"
    },
    {
      "context": "In the next 10 years, we expect operating margins to increase from 2021's 17.4% to 19%, driven primarily by improvements in the international segments.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: improvements in the international segments\nEffect: operating margins to increase from 2021's 17.4% to 19%\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "a47f1b87"
    },
    {
      "context": "Air travel customers are generally price-sensitive, so carbon taxes or other regulations that force consumers to pay for the carbon side effects of travel would likely reduce aircraft demand.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Air travel customers are generally price-sensitive\nEffect: carbon taxes or other regulations that force consumers to pay for the carbon side effects of travel would likely reduce aircraft demand\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "a796d138"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe that HPE is a benefactor of enterprises spending on hybrid cloud environments, edge computing, and all-flash array storage; however, we expect market competitors in the industry-standard server and storage businesses to inhibit HPE's long-term operating performance.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: market competitors in the industry-standard server and storage businesses\nEffect: inhibit HPE's long-term operating performance\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "10326a17"
    },
    {
      "context": "Because the accuracy and completeness of data is critical to credit decision-making, lenders often pull from more than one credit bureau, and we do not believe pricing is the primary factor for choosing a credit bureau.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the accuracy and completeness of data is critical to credit decision-making\nEffect: lenders often pull from more than one credit bureau\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "d85fd86e"
    },
    {
      "context": "We forecast that the coronavirus crisis will cause a 30% drop in its revenue in 2020 and a huge operating loss.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the coronavirus crisis\nEffect: a 30% drop in its revenue in 2020 and a huge operating loss\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "e7617658"
    },
    {
      "context": "Though the probability is very remote, a devastating accident like the BP Macondo disaster in 2010 could have a material adverse impact on APA (which could be forced to cover cleanup costs and perhaps face other legal repercussions).",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: a devastating accident like the BP Macondo disaster in 2010\nEffect: could have a material adverse impact on APA\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "a89a61d5"
    },
    {
      "context": "We think CoreSite's smaller footprint gives it greater opportunity for operating leverage, and, after a dip in the near term due to higher real estate rents and taxes, we project adjusted EBITDA margin to rise about 600 basis points between 2020 and 2030, to about 60%.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: higher real estate rents and taxes, we project adjusted EBITDA margin to rise about 600 basis points between 2020 and 2030, to about 60%\nEffect: We think CoreSite's smaller footprint gives it greater opportunity for operating leverage, and, after a dip in the near term\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "832b79a2"
    },
    {
      "context": "Positively, Cigna rolled in its own PBM activities from UnitedHealth's Optum division into the legacy Express Scripts operations in 2020, which has largely replaced the lost Anthem volume.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Cigna rolled in its own PBM activities from UnitedHealth's Optum division into the legacy Express Scripts operations in 2020\nEffect: has largely replaced the lost Anthem volume\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "c1509e36"
    },
    {
      "context": "As such, during the early 1990s, the company was protected on the basis of its patent portfolio, which shielded the company from direct competition in cellulose-reinforced fibre cement products.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: its patent portfolio\nEffect: the company was protected\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "8803e216"
    },
    {
      "context": "As such, during the early 1990s, the company was protected on the basis of its patent portfolio, which shielded the company from direct competition in cellulose-reinforced fibre cement products.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the company was protected\nEffect: shielded the company from direct competition in cellulose-reinforced fibre cement products\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "3f0495c3"
    },
    {
      "context": "With output per employee nearly tripling since 1990, bringing antiquated capacity on line comes with substantially higher cash costs, which in turn drives significant price appreciation.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: output per employee nearly tripling since 1990\nEffect: bringing antiquated capacity on line comes with substantially higher cash costs\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "d5606e47"
    },
    {
      "context": "With output per employee nearly tripling since 1990, bringing antiquated capacity on line comes with substantially higher cash costs, which in turn drives significant price appreciation.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: bringing antiquated capacity on line comes with substantially higher cash costs\nEffect: drives significant price appreciation\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "b5893e28"
    },
    {
      "context": "Network service providers would be loath to build up a replica in another location as long as existing locations meet their needs because of the time and expense of connecting their networks to new buildings.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the time and expense of connecting their networks to new buildings\nEffect: Network service providers would be loath to build up a replica in another location as long as existing locations meet their needs\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "7d1f3d9e"
    },
    {
      "context": "Despite this, we believe the normalized gross margin should continue to trend up, as we expect scale, utilization rates and cost efficiencies will continue to improve in the longer term.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: we expect scale, utilization rates and cost efficiencies will continue to improve in the longer term\nEffect: we believe the normalized gross margin should continue to trend up\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "18012acc"
    },
    {
      "context": "Before the merger, both businesses have done a solid job refreshing their product portfolios, and we believe that the combination will result in a broader portfolio of complementary products and solutions that will solidify Ingersoll-Rand's competitive position.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the combination\nEffect: a broader portfolio of complementary products and solutions\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "ca2eee0e"
    },
    {
      "context": "Before the merger, both businesses have done a solid job refreshing their product portfolios, and we believe that the combination will result in a broader portfolio of complementary products and solutions that will solidify Ingersoll-Rand's competitive position.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the combination\nEffect: solidify Ingersoll-Rand's competitive position\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "857c8d42"
    },
    {
      "context": "The barrier is higher relative to metasearch in that it takes time to gather reviews after you have constructed the metasearch platform.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: it takes time to gather reviews after you have constructed the metasearch platform\nEffect: The barrier is higher relative to metasearch\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "4ef6f6a2"
    },
    {
      "context": "Linde's operating margin is in the mid-20s in the Americas, and we think that synergies, strong pricing, and cost actions will lead to similar levels of profitability in EMEA and APAC.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: synergies, strong pricing, and cost actions\nEffect: similar levels of profitability in EMEA and APAC\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "b4350777"
    },
    {
      "context": "While the shift away from content has brought Reuters' ROICs higher, to a midcycle range of roughly 17% (adjusted), the valuation story becomes one of growth.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the shift away from content has brought Reuters' ROICs higher\nEffect: the valuation story becomes one of growth\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "5e8847b4"
    },
    {
      "context": "Reckitt does not disclose its marketing costs, but we estimate it at around 14% of sales, and its R&D expenditure of around 2% of sales in 2020 implies that it is spending less on customer acquisition than its competitors.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: its R&D expenditure of around 2% of sales in 2020\nEffect: it is spending less on customer acquisition than its competitors\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "9efb4ffd"
    },
    {
      "context": "Globally, Hilton has large scale, with midsingle digit share of existing industry rooms, which is set to expand further given the company's roughly 20% room share of the industry's pipeline under construction.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: given the company's roughly 20% room share of the industry's pipeline under construction\nEffect: Globally, Hilton has large scale, with midsingle digit share of existing industry rooms, which is set to expand further\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "3649236d"
    },
    {
      "context": "Finally, the risk of a water shortage would have limited financial impact for Heineken, as we estimate it represents a low-single-digit percentage of cost of goods sold.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the risk of a water shortage\nEffect: limited financial impact for Heineken\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "a639a26f"
    },
    {
      "context": "Finally, the risk of a water shortage would have limited financial impact for Heineken, as we estimate it represents a low-single-digit percentage of cost of goods sold.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: it represents a low-single-digit percentage of cost of goods sold\nEffect: the risk of a water shortage would have limited financial impact for Heineken\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "6e7966d1"
    },
    {
      "context": "We anticipate elevated commercial HVAC sales for the foreseeable future driven by heightened demand for more energy-efficient systems that deliver better air quality, and we believe Trane, along with other leading HVAC companies, are well positioned to serve this growing market.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: heightened demand for more energy-efficient systems\nEffect: elevated commercial HVAC sales for the foreseeable\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "f403a698"
    },
    {
      "context": "Would-be entrants are fended off by the steep barrier to entry formed by the need to obtain contiguous rights of way on which to lay continuously welded steel rail spanning a significant portion of North America.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: the steep barrier to entry\nEffect: Would-be entrants\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "c942c76c"
    },
    {
      "context": "Would-be entrants are fended off by the steep barrier to entry formed by the need to obtain contiguous rights of way on which to lay continuously welded steel rail spanning a significant portion of North America.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: the need to obtain contiguous rights of way on which to lay continuously welded steel rail spanning a significant portion of North America\nEffect: Would-be entrants\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "3079be2f"
    },
    {
      "context": "Would-be entrants are fended off by the steep barrier to entry formed by the need to obtain contiguous rights of way on which to lay continuously welded steel rail spanning a significant portion of North America.",
      "question": "2 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the need to obtain contiguous rights of way on which to lay continuously welded steel rail spanning a significant portion of North America\nEffect: the steep barrier to entry\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "ca566357"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect a 5% CAGR in online marketing revenue in the next five years, driven by recovery in the longer term.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: recovery in the longer term\nEffect: a 5% CAGR in online marketing revenue in the next five years\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "f51fd3fc"
    },
    {
      "context": "If recalls or product failure were to become a regular event, current surgeons loyal to Smith & Nephew may consider switching to another company's implants and instrumentation.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: recalls or product failure were to become a regular event\nEffect: current surgeons loyal to Smith & Nephew may consider switching to another company's implants and instrumentation\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "b9ffe09f"
    },
    {
      "context": "Also, once customers are comfortable with a product, they are unlikely to change lenses for a minor improvement or small reduction in price.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: customers are comfortable with a product\nEffect: they are unlikely to change lenses for a minor improvement or small reduction in price\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "748b493b"
    },
    {
      "context": "The asset integration prevents another third party from extracting rents by owning an asset that is part of the route to the most profitable market.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: The asset integration\nEffect: another third party from extracting rents\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "aece7f88"
    },
    {
      "context": "The asset integration prevents another third party from extracting rents by owning an asset that is part of the route to the most profitable market.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: owning an asset that is part of the route to the most profitable market\nEffect: The asset integration prevents another third party from extracting rents\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "8752ae3f"
    },
    {
      "context": "With increasingly complex enterprise IT infrastructures, businesses need to think twice before switching databases, which are interconnected to many systems across a business, thus requiring much time and money for reintegration.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: interconnected to many systems across a business\nEffect: requiring much time and money for reintegration\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "21d79ce1"
    },
    {
      "context": "With increasingly complex enterprise IT infrastructures, businesses need to think twice before switching databases, which are interconnected to many systems across a business, thus requiring much time and money for reintegration.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: requiring much time and money for reintegration\nEffect: businesses need to think twice before switching databases\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "a73c1b04"
    },
    {
      "context": "With increasingly complex enterprise IT infrastructures, businesses need to think twice before switching databases, which are interconnected to many systems across a business, thus requiring much time and money for reintegration.",
      "question": "2 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: increasingly complex enterprise IT infrastructures\nEffect: businesses need to think twice before switching databases\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "6e7b881a"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe it will be challenging to obtain management's five-year outlook for 20%-30% compound average annual revenue growth in light of the fierce competition, potential decline of overall (elective) volumes in the weaker environment, and friction to convert the remaining orthodontics from traditional wire and bracket.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the fierce competition, potential decline of overall (elective) volumes in the weaker environment, and friction to convert the remaining orthodontics from traditional wire and bracket\nEffect: We believe it will be challenging to obtain management's five-year outlook for 20%-30% compound average annual revenue growth\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "824762d1"
    },
    {
      "context": "To meet demand, higher cost supply will need to come online from lower quality resources that will require higher processing costs.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: meet demand\nEffect: higher cost supply will need to come online from lower quality resources\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "7f5a7cbb"
    },
    {
      "context": "To meet demand, higher cost supply will need to come online from lower quality resources that will require higher processing costs.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: higher cost supply will need to come online from lower quality resources\nEffect: require higher processing costs\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "2a51d5f3"
    },
    {
      "context": "We assume that over time, a far greater portion of the nodes will be co-located on fiber the company has already deployed for small cells, leading to substantially lower spending to activate those nodes.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: that over time, a far greater portion of the nodes will be co-located on fiber the company has already deployed for small cells\nEffect: substantially lower spending to activate those nodes\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "fae98c68"
    },
    {
      "context": "After a very strong 2020, we expect some constraints on its margins going forward, as business operations normalize following the pandemic.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: business operations normalize following the pandemic\nEffect: some constraints on its margins going forward\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "f2c0a36d"
    },
    {
      "context": "Management has aggressively acquired companies to expand its offerings, including the most recent merger with Sirona Dental Systems, a leader in digital dentistry equipment to expand the firm's exposure to higher margin CAD/CAM and imaging technology.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Management has aggressively acquired companies to expand its offerings, including the most recent merger with Sirona Dental Systems\nEffect: expand the firm's exposure to higher margin CAD/CAM and imaging technology\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "8aa8d7e7"
    },
    {
      "context": "As the company was already coming off a tough 2019 that included firing its CEO and the botched Old Navy spin-off, the virus could be more problematic for Gap than for some rivals.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: As the company was already coming off a tough 2019 that included firing its CEO and the botched Old Navy spin-off,\nEffect: the virus could be more problematic for Gap than for some rivals.\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "cf49a8d4"
    },
    {
      "context": "The company now generates about one fourth of its revenue outside North America and the U.K., which we think positions it well to increase long-term revenue and shareholder value.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: generates about one fourth of its revenue\nEffect: long-term revenue and shareholder value\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "f741762a"
    },
    {
      "context": "Hyperconverged infrastructure and software-defined networking are budding IT equipment trends as enterprises enjoy flexible scalability of their computing and storage resources.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: enterprises enjoy flexible scalability of their computing and storage resources\nEffect: Hyperconverged infrastructure and software-defined networking are budding IT equipment trends\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "817a774e"
    },
    {
      "context": "Since the software sales process across the enterprise will regularly touch the IT department, ServiceNow adopted a stance early on that it would let the internal IT function sell the platform to other areas of the customer.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the software sales process across the enterprise will regularly touch the IT department\nEffect: ServiceNow adopted a stance early on that it would let the internal IT function sell the platform to other areas of the customer\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "7b849223"
    },
    {
      "context": "Coal has historically made up a larger proportion of CP's portfolio than it does for peer CN due to the former's agreement with Teck Resources to haul cost-advantaged metallurgical coal for export.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the former's agreement with Teck Resources to haul cost-advantaged metallurgical coal for export\nEffect: Coal has historically made up a larger proportion of CP's portfolio than it does for peer CN\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "aebdf833"
    },
    {
      "context": "Original equipment manufacturers are willing to pay a premium to vendors for technology that differentiates automakers' vehicles, reduces vehicle weight, improves fuel efficiency, reduces emissions, improves safety, or lowers costs.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: differentiates automakers' vehicles, reduces vehicle weight, improves fuel efficiency, reduces emissions, improves safety, or lowers costs\nEffect: Original equipment manufacturers are willing to pay a premium to vendors for technology\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "a7932f9d"
    },
    {
      "context": "In terms of environmental, social, and governance risks, because CN carries freight for chemical and energy end-market shippers, it is subject to the liabilities associated with hazardous material spills.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: CN carries freight for chemical and energy end-market shippers\nEffect: it is subject to the liabilities associated with hazardous material spills\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "20c79cd3"
    },
    {
      "context": "To expand its customer base beyond the data centers of hyperscale cloud providers, enterprises, service providers, and financial institutions, Arista announced its intention to expand into the campus market.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: To expand its customer base beyond the data centers of hyperscale cloud providers, enterprises, service providers, and financial institutions\nEffect: Arista announced its intention to expand into the campus market\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "bc6a7a91"
    },
    {
      "context": "Low diesel fuel prices have tempered the intermodal value proposition on certain short-haul lanes, but truck-to-rail conversions will very likely continue in the years ahead, particularly with the concerns surrounding the impact of regulatory changes on truckload industry capacity.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: Low diesel fuel prices\nEffect: the intermodal value proposition on certain short-haul lanes\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "83c85adc"
    },
    {
      "context": "Diverse end uses and popularity among craft brewers should help to protect volume amid a decline in the popularity of mainstream beers.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Diverse end uses and popularity among craft brewers\nEffect: protect volume\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "168aaf87"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect growth will level out due to tougher comparisons with prior quarters and overall decreased demand for PPE as North America approaches herd immunity.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: tougher comparisons with prior quarters and overall decreased demand for PPE as North America approaches herd immunity\nEffect: growth will level out\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "64e16616"
    },
    {
      "context": "Positively within the COVID-19 crisis, Centene may benefit from the switch to social safety net programs, like Medicaid and the individual exchanges, creating uncertainty on the upside in the near term.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Centene may benefit from the switch to social safety net programs\nEffect: creating uncertainty on the upside in the near term\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "59165741"
    },
    {
      "context": "We think the runaway cost of living in West Coast metros is an area of concern, given that this has the potential to push the tech industry's center of gravity away from these high-cost regions.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: this has the potential to push the tech industry's center of gravity away from these high-cost regions\nEffect: the runaway cost of living in West Coast metros is an area of concern\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "9bc3e7af"
    },
    {
      "context": "With the potential for label expansion into cardiomyopathy and wild-type ATTR amyloidosis, we believe the company's largest opportunity now is in ATTR amyloidosis, with Onpattro and next-generation vutrisiran.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the potential for label expansion into cardiomyopathy and wild-type ATTR amyloidosis\nEffect: the company's largest opportunity now is in ATTR amyloidosis, with Onpattro and next-generation vutrisiran\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "c08c588d"
    },
    {
      "context": "Longer term, as smartphone demand recovers, we think Qorvo's adjusted operating margins will remain in the low 30% range, in line with management's target for 30% plus adjusted operating margins.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: smartphone demand recovers\nEffect: Qorvo's adjusted operating margins will remain in the low 30% range\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "4ce31d94"
    },
    {
      "context": "In recent years, Norfolk renewed its commitment to pricing discipline and margin gains, particularly via precision railroading initiatives, which are driving more efficient use of locomotive assets, labor, and fuel.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Norfolk renewed its commitment to pricing discipline and margin gains\nEffect: driving more efficient use of locomotive assets, labor, and fuel\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "1b05cc21"
    },
    {
      "context": "Truist has only been adding to its strength in insurance with the acquisition of Regions Insurance Group as well as multiple smaller acquisitions in 2020.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Truist has only been adding to its strength in insurance with the acquisition of Regions Insurance Group\nEffect: multiple smaller acquisitions in 2020\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "4f54c163"
    },
    {
      "context": "Given its strategic focus and ability to attract blue-chip clients in the best locations, SL Green boasts a business model equipped for the long term.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: its strategic focus and ability to attract blue-chip clients in the best locations\nEffect: SL Green boasts a business model equipped for the long term\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "404f8880"
    },
    {
      "context": "We assign Synaptics a high uncertainty rating, lowered from very high due to recent IoT acquisitions that we think will help the firm diversify its business beyond the smartphone component space.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: recent IoT acquisitions\nEffect: We assign Synaptics a high uncertainty rating, lowered from very high\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "cb787c99"
    },
    {
      "context": "We assign Synaptics a high uncertainty rating, lowered from very high due to recent IoT acquisitions that we think will help the firm diversify its business beyond the smartphone component space.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: recent IoT acquisitions\nEffect: the firm diversify its business beyond the smartphone component space\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "3e0e1e1d"
    },
    {
      "context": "Burlington can lift margins, but we believe competition, the need to keep value high (necessitating reinvestment of savings from cost leverage), and rising wages limit their potential.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: competition, the need to keep value high (necessitating reinvestment of savings from cost leverage), and rising wages\nEffect: limit their potential\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "cc4badfa"
    },
    {
      "context": "In addition, the firm could come under increased regulatory oversight if authorities decide to step up the pressure on packaged food companies to curb obesity, particularly on its home turf.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the firm could come under increased regulatory oversight if authorities decide to step up the pressure on packaged\nEffect: food companies to curb obesity, particularly on its home turf\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "a13fb95f"
    },
    {
      "context": "United Airlines came into the crisis with a middling amount of debt relative to peers but structurally lower profit margins due to a smaller frequent flier program relative to its size.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: a smaller frequent flier program relative to its size\nEffect: United Airlines came into the crisis with a middling amount of debt relative to peers but structurally lower profit margins\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "6d92bf66"
    },
    {
      "context": "Carrier is more leveraged than its peers; it may have less available capital to reinvest in the business after servicing its debt obligations.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Carrier is more leveraged than its peers\nEffect: have less available capital to reinvest in the business\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "a1d8dafd"
    },
    {
      "context": "The ISI Group acquisition in 2014 materially diversified Evercore's business and was an accelerant to the equities business attaining a profitable scale.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: The ISI Group acquisition in 2014 materially\nEffect: diversified Evercore's business and was an accelerant to the equities business attaining a profitable scale\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "43e25145"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe that \"\"GTA Online\"\" and this stream of free content works with the franchise's well-established single-player experience to help \"\"Grand Theft Auto V\"\" effectively become an annual release. This virtual annual release effectively spreads the high development cost of the base game over several years and a larger number of sold copies.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: \"\"GTA Online\"\" and this stream of free content works with the franchise's well-established single-player experience to help \"\"Grand Theft Auto V\"\" effectively become an annual release\nEffect: release effectively spreads the high development cost of the base game over several years and a larger number of sold copies\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "e6ddb430"
    },
    {
      "context": "During periods of tightening supply when air and ocean carriers tend to boost rates, Expeditors sees gross-margin compression (and thus lower net revenue growth), driven by the time lag associated with renegotiating higher capacity rates to shippers.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the time lag associated with renegotiating higher capacity rates to shippers\nEffect: Expeditors sees gross-margin compression\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "da8abdd2"
    },
    {
      "context": "For example, we estimate that higher green coffee prices in fiscal 2018 resulted in a 500-basis-point hit to the segment's operating margins.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: estimate that higher green coffee prices in fiscal 2018\nEffect: a 500-basis-point hit to the segment's operating margins\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "6fc24b82"
    },
    {
      "context": "The products segment has built a sizable share of the public safety radio market in the United States through establishing switching costs in its offerings over the years.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: establishing switching costs in its offerings over the years\nEffect: The products segment has built a sizable share of the public safety radio market in the United States\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "1800a556"
    },
    {
      "context": "Low prices and an unmatched selection have come to define the company in consumer's minds, giving rise to intangible assets from branding and technology (search capabilities and recommendation engine).",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Low prices and an unmatched selection have come to define the company in consumer's minds\nEffect: giving rise to intangible assets from branding and technology\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "1e39e616"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe the firm's high-quality assets in the country will allow growth to return to midsingle digits over the next couple years on increasing wireless market share, improved pricing, and growing penetration in the cable business.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: increasing wireless market share, improved pricing, and growing penetration in the cable business\nEffect: growth to return to midsingle digits over the next couple years\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "9c268cc3"
    },
    {
      "context": "Headquartered in Ireland, the company benefits from a lower tax rate than its peers, and we model a blended tax rate of 17% for 2021 based on the PRA acquisition.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: for 2021 based on the PRA acquisition\nEffect: we model a blended tax rate of 17%\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "ebc441f3"
    },
    {
      "context": "However, we believe competition in the global specialty coffee category will become more pronounced in a post-COVID-19 environment due to aggressive expansion plans from existing and emerging players and daypart expansion from quick-service restaurant chains.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: aggressive expansion plans from existing and emerging players and daypart expansion from quick-service restaurant chains\nEffect: competition in the global specialty coffee category will become more pronounced in a post-COVID-19 environment\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "44eacb4b"
    },
    {
      "context": "By being an early mover, the company was able to keep acquisition costs under control, giving it a sustainable advantage over peers that rushed in later and overpaid.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: being an early mover\nEffect: the company was able to keep acquisition costs under control, giving it a sustainable advantage over peers that rushed in later and overpaid\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "728119cf"
    },
    {
      "context": "We see the Active Omnichannel SaaS solution as a critically important development that should propel the company for the next decade.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the Active Omnichannel SaaS solution\nEffect: propel the company for the next decade\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "c3eb86a1"
    },
    {
      "context": "We assume high-teens annual e-commerce growth long-term, tapering from fiscal 2020's 37% expansion and pandemic-related near-term surges as the firm's efforts mature.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the firm's efforts mature\nEffect: pandemic-related near-term surges\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "8ac1bccc"
    },
    {
      "context": "In the event of a power loss, these emergency lighting solutions must be able to automatically override any control setting and establish the appropriate illumination level in the event of a power failure. This requires that the entire lighting system and related equipment be tested to comply with code, including switches, sensors, dimmers, and energy management and bypass equipment.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the entire lighting system and related equipment be tested to comply with code, including switches, sensors, dimmers, and energy management and bypass equipment\nEffect: these emergency lighting solutions must be able to automatically override any control setting and establish the appropriate illumination level in the event of a power failure\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "4e356909"
    },
    {
      "context": "Estee's 2016 acquisition of Too Faced makes the firm an even more important partner in this channel, as this makeup brand has significant exposure in specialty-multi.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: this makeup brand has significant exposure in specialty-multi\nEffect: Estee's 2016 acquisition of Too Faced makes the firm an even more important partner in this channel\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "15a777f6"
    },
    {
      "context": "Our near-term earnings forecast is depressed due to the incorporation of poor crack spread futures curves despite a recent uptick.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the incorporation of poor crack spread futures curves despite a recent uptick\nEffect: Our near-term earnings forecast is depressed\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "ec6fed59"
    },
    {
      "context": "We forecast a five-year revenue CAGR of 36% through a rapidly growing customer base, more massive deals, strong retention rates, and customers buying additional security modules over time.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: a rapidly growing customer base, more massive deals, strong retention rates, and customers buying additional security modules over time\nEffect: a five-year revenue CAGR of 36%\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "06acb89e"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe economic profits can rise by nearly 50% over the next five years. As such, we model consolidated midcycle ROIC, including goodwill of nearly 16%, in line with both management's targets and the company's normalized historical experience.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: economic profits can rise by nearly 50% over the next five years\nEffect: we model consolidated midcycle ROIC, including goodwill of nearly 16%, in line with both management's targets and the company's normalized historical experience\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "6edc332e"
    },
    {
      "context": "Its previously strong brand intangible asset has been degraded by consumer trends that allowed for competition in the intimates space, as the Victoria's Secret (VS) brand failed to adapt to trends.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Victoria's Secret (VS) brand failed to adapt to trends\nEffect: Its previously strong brand intangible asset has been degraded\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "2bb497f1"
    },
    {
      "context": "Its previously strong brand intangible asset has been degraded by consumer trends that allowed for competition in the intimates space, as the Victoria's Secret (VS) brand failed to adapt to trends.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: consumer trends\nEffect: Its previously strong brand intangible asset has been degraded\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "7225b0b5"
    },
    {
      "context": "Its previously strong brand intangible asset has been degraded by consumer trends that allowed for competition in the intimates space, as the Victoria's Secret (VS) brand failed to adapt to trends.",
      "question": "2 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Its previously strong brand intangible asset has been degraded\nEffect: competition in the intimates space\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "5999908f"
    },
    {
      "context": "Apple's ITP and IDFA decisions, along with Google's plan to no longer accept cookie nor cookie-substitutes after 2022, has placed the firm's main business model at risk.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Apple's ITP and IDFA decisions, along with Google's plan to no longer accept cookie nor cookie-substitutes after 2022\nEffect: the firm's main business model at risk\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "a2b3b93d"
    },
    {
      "context": "As much of the volatility in helicopter deliveries comes from the volatile market, a large chunk of the volatility in operating earnings comes from the volatility in energy prices, so we see a prolonged oil downturn as a risk factor for the company.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: much of the volatility in helicopter deliveries comes from the volatile market, a large chunk of the volatility in operating earnings comes from the volatility in energy prices\nEffect: we see a prolonged oil downturn as a risk factor for the company\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "39ed91ef"
    },
    {
      "context": "With such high up-front investments and low returns, new players are discouraged from entering the market.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: such high up-front investments and low returns\nEffect: new players are discouraged from entering the market\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "76fb79d3"
    },
    {
      "context": "Seating is one of the stickiest parts of the supplier sector since it is very difficult to take out an incumbent on a vehicle program, and automakers need suppliers that can consistently deliver high-quality seats in a just-in-time system all over the world.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: it is very difficult to take out an incumbent on a vehicle program\nEffect: Seating is one of the stickiest parts of the supplier sector\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "c2cb9fd9"
    },
    {
      "context": "Seating is one of the stickiest parts of the supplier sector since it is very difficult to take out an incumbent on a vehicle program, and automakers need suppliers that can consistently deliver high-quality seats in a just-in-time system all over the world.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: automakers need suppliers that can consistently deliver high-quality seats in a just-in-time system all over the world\nEffect: Seating is one of the stickiest parts of the supplier sector\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "8389d6a7"
    },
    {
      "context": "Crown is limited in how quickly it can set up small cells, leaving an extended period before we think it can fully monetize its fiber.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Crown is limited in how quickly it can set up small cells\nEffect: an extended period before we think it can fully monetize its fiber\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "f31031de"
    },
    {
      "context": "As more vendors join and add more of their solutions, the quantity of data and traffic flowing across Okta's security stack grows.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: more vendors join and add more of their solutions\nEffect: the quantity of data and traffic flowing across Okta's security stack grows\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "90780aac"
    },
    {
      "context": "The company has a significant market share so the entry of a new competitor would likely be unlikely but any significant changes to the economy or market dynamics could pose a risk.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: The company has a significant market share\nEffect: the entry of a new competitor would likely be unlikely\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "50264aba"
    },
    {
      "context": "For example, Boston has maintained its strong position in drug-coated coronary stents and is developing some transcatheter mitral valve repair technologies, building on its footprint in the cardiac and vascular markets.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: its footprint in the cardiac and vascular markets\nEffect: Boston has maintained its strong position in drug-coated coronary stents and is developing some transcatheter mitral valve repair technologies\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "bfc9500b"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe that Alexion is well-positioned to withstand pressures from competitors and biosimilars because it has expanded to other, larger patient populations, proactively priced Ultomiris at a discount, and offers more convenient dosing.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: it has expanded to other, larger patient populations, proactively priced Ultomiris at a discount, and offers more convenient dosing\nEffect: Alexion is well-positioned to withstand pressures from competitors and biosimilars\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "869b3f86"
    },
    {
      "context": "The new coal-fired power pricing framework shifts to the \"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"base+floating\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\" mechanism, which will be likely to reduce volatility in margins for coal-power producers.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: The new coal-fired power pricing framework shifts to the \"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"base+floating\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\" mechanism\nEffect: reduce volatility in margins for coal-power producers\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "f0809099"
    },
    {
      "context": "While Accenture has stressed its desire to rely less on commoditized outsourcing, we think that this could pose risks to Accenture's familiarity proposition, which is that switching costs are derived from having such large client accounts.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Accenture has stressed its desire to rely less on commoditized outsourcing\nEffect: pose risks to Accenture's familiarity proposition\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "9f48ca50"
    },
    {
      "context": "Menu diversification is risky, with no guarantee that operators can provide competitively viable products, while adding stock-keeping units and operational risk (as we've seen at Pizza Hut).",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: Menu diversification\nEffect: operators can provide competitively viable products\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "208bedd2"
    },
    {
      "context": "Menu diversification is risky, with no guarantee that operators can provide competitively viable products, while adding stock-keeping units and operational risk (as we've seen at Pizza Hut).",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Menu diversification\nEffect: adding stock-keeping units and operational risk\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "8359f4e4"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe the global services business will also support future growth due to greater spares, tool refurbishments, and collaboration with customers to troubleshoot high-value problems that reduce cost, improve product yields, and accelerate new technology ramps.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: greater spares, tool refurbishments, and collaboration with customers to troubleshoot high-value problems\nEffect: support future growth\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "66223477"
    },
    {
      "context": "We think Autodesk has so widely embraced what many companies would avoid because it is well aware that the brunt of its switching costs aren't in the loss and transfer of design and model data, but rather the training of its software (which can take years to master).",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: it is well aware that the brunt of its switching costs aren't in the loss and transfer of design and model data, but rather the training of its software\nEffect: We think Autodesk has so widely embraced\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "135945b0"
    },
    {
      "context": "We are raising our fair value estimate to $15.10 per share from $11, driven by stronger demand for Myriad's prenatal and Prolaris testing units and cash benefit from its planned divestitures.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: stronger demand for Myriad's prenatal and Prolaris testing units and cash benefit from its planned divestitures\nEffect: raising our fair value estimate to $15.10 per share from $11\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "5640d62a"
    },
    {
      "context": "The shares came under additional pressure in late October 2020 after FirstEnergy's CEO and four others resigned in the wake of the scandal.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: FirstEnergy's CEO and four others resigned in the wake of the scandal\nEffect: The shares came under additional pressure in late October 2020\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "376051a3"
    },
    {
      "context": "We anticipate robust companion animal growth will be primarily fed by the adoption of a series of new products, a larger base of analyzers, sales of ancillary services, and growing strength in consumables and reference labs.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the adoption of a series of new products, a larger base of analyzers, sales of ancillary services, and growing strength in consumables and reference labs\nEffect: robust companion animal growth\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "846d4ceb"
    },
    {
      "context": "We also expect a strong recovery in Spanish fee income as transactional activity normalises and asset management fees that will benefit from a recovery in assets under management, or AUM.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: a recovery in assets under management, or AUM\nEffect: asset management fees that will benefit\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "159687ad"
    },
    {
      "context": "We also expect a strong recovery in Spanish fee income as transactional activity normalises and asset management fees that will benefit from a recovery in assets under management, or AUM.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: transactional activity normalises\nEffect: a strong recovery in Spanish fee income\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "21fc1f6b"
    },
    {
      "context": "We don't foresee any deterioration in Snap-on's return on invested capital, as any competition in its tools business will likely be offset by an increase in high-margin diagnostic software sales.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: any competition in its tools business will likely be offset by an increase in high-margin diagnostic software sales\nEffect: We don't foresee any deterioration in Snap-on's return on invested capital\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "fcd9545f"
    },
    {
      "context": "The company's record of regular product innovation and R&D through the cycle is impressive; however, the short operating life of tools coupled with an innovation cycle of around six years provides enough time for competitors to replicate its characteristics once future restocking decisions are required.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the short operating life of tools coupled with an innovation cycle of around six years\nEffect: enough time for competitors to replicate its characteristics once future restocking decisions are required\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "f52a193b"
    },
    {
      "context": "TI and its chipmaking peers tend to profit from these high switching costs by having lower ongoing R&amp;D and capital expenditure investments than digital chipmakers, which helps to contribute to healthy returns on capital for shareholders.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: TI and its chipmaking peers tend to profit from these high switching costs by having lower ongoing R&amp;D\nEffect: capital expenditure investments than digital chipmakers\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "55a5e963"
    },
    {
      "context": "TI and its chipmaking peers tend to profit from these high switching costs by having lower ongoing R&amp;D and capital expenditure investments than digital chipmakers, which helps to contribute to healthy returns on capital for shareholders.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: capital expenditure investments than digital chipmakers\nEffect: helps to contribute to healthy returns on capital for shareholders.\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "25f5a5f7"
    },
    {
      "context": "We have not modeled significant changes in our 10-year average gross margins, as we believe WPP's efficiencies in talent management (either per account or per project) will offset growth in compensation and slightly lower long-term margins on digital ads.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: WPP's efficiencies in talent management (either per account or per project) will offset growth in compensation and slightly lower long-term margins on digital ads\nEffect: have not modeled significant changes in our 10-year average gross margins\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "2d022d34"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe Trip.com has strengthened its leading position among Chinese online travel agencies after market consolidation, and is the beneficiary of rising disposable income and demand for domestic and international travel.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: market consolidation\nEffect: Trip.com has strengthened its leading position among Chinese online travel agencies\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "4fba713d"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe Trip.com has strengthened its leading position among Chinese online travel agencies after market consolidation, and is the beneficiary of rising disposable income and demand for domestic and international travel.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: market consolidation\nEffect: the beneficiary of rising disposable income and demand for domestic and international travel\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "f8ec4f81"
    },
    {
      "context": "Additionally, with the torrid growth that hard seltzer and flavored malt beverages have to offer, a slew of new entrants have increased the competitive fervor in those markets.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the torrid growth that hard seltzer and flavored malt beverages have to offer\nEffect: a slew of new entrants\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "f6662918"
    },
    {
      "context": "Additionally, with the torrid growth that hard seltzer and flavored malt beverages have to offer, a slew of new entrants have increased the competitive fervor in those markets.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: a slew of new entrants\nEffect: increased the competitive fervor in those markets\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "378e3f3a"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe it will take this long as the company's capital expenditures will remain elevated, nearly 21% of sales through our forecast and falling below 9% by 2030, as Canopy expands to meet robust volume growth.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: as Canopy expands to meet robust volume growth\nEffect: We believe it will take this long as the company's capital expenditures will remain elevated, nearly 21% of sales through our forecast and falling below 9% by 2030\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "a2a272e2"
    },
    {
      "context": "Its previously strong brand intangible asset has been degraded by consumer trends that allowed for competition in the intimates space, as the Victoria's Secret, or VS, brand failed to adapt to trends.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the Victoria's Secret, or VS, brand failed to adapt to trends\nEffect: Its previously strong brand intangible asset has been degraded by consumer trends\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "1f348732"
    },
    {
      "context": "Its previously strong brand intangible asset has been degraded by consumer trends that allowed for competition in the intimates space, as the Victoria's Secret, or VS, brand failed to adapt to trends.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Its previously strong brand intangible asset has been degraded by consumer trends\nEffect: competition in the intimates space\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "0efdfca7"
    },
    {
      "context": "And as we don't anticipate competitive angst will subside (particularly as supply more closely matches demand going forward), we expect Church will step up its spend in this vein, with our forecast calling for it to allocate around 12% of sales to marketing on average through fiscal 2030.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: we don't anticipate competitive angst will subside\nEffect: we expect Church will step up its spend in this vein\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "967c7730"
    },
    {
      "context": "Further, the Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong high-speed line commenced in the third quarter of 2018, which resulted in a sharp 50% traffic decline on Guangshen's Kowloon-Guangzhou through train in 2019.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong high-speed line commenced\nEffect: a sharp 50% traffic decline on Guangshen's Kowloon-Guangzhou through train\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "57bd939a"
    },
    {
      "context": "Healthineers, the group's other major division, offers medical equipment, which has more countercycle drivers due to the exposure to healthcare treatment demand.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the exposure to healthcare treatment demand\nEffect: Healthineers, the group's other major division, offers medical equipment, which has more countercycle drivers\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "47662309"
    },
    {
      "context": "CarMax's revenue has increased at a compound annual rate of about 11% since fiscal 2000 because of the success of customer-friendly sales practices and use of information technology.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the success of customer-friendly sales practices and use of information technology.\nEffect: CarMax's revenue has increased\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "1941f9c1"
    },
    {
      "context": "On the commercial side, AutoZone already uses digital ordering tools extensively, and we believe its ability to pull inventory from stores, hubs, and distribution centers in the name of rapid delivery makes disruption less of a concern.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: its ability to pull inventory from stores, hubs, and distribution centers in the name of rapid delivery\nEffect: disruption less of a concern\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "0eb90129"
    },
    {
      "context": "Further, we expect mix to play a role, with growth in higher-margin real-world evidence trials that use de-identified patient data cohorts as evidence for regulatory approval.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: growth in higher-margin real-world evidence trials that use de-identified patient data cohorts as evidence for regulatory approval\nEffect: mix to play a role\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "76fed7e7"
    },
    {
      "context": "Mosaic has a solid but not spectacular cost position for phosphate potash production, providing it with a cost-competitive input base to produce fertilizers.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: a solid but not spectacular cost position for phosphate potash production\nEffect: a cost-competitive input base to produce fertilizers\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "e3b3fbff"
    },
    {
      "context": "As result of the network effect, the firm's revenue growth has become increasingly driven by its platform segment which generates revenue from advertising, platform and distribution fees, and licensing. As a result, the Player segment (hardware sales) has fallen from 84% of total revenue in 2015 to 34% in 2019, a period during which total revenue increased from $320 million to $1.1 billion.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the firm's revenue growth has become increasingly driven by its platform segment which generates revenue from advertising, platform and distribution fees, and licensing\nEffect: the Player segment (hardware sales) has fallen from 84% of total revenue in 2015 to 34% in 2019, a period during which total revenue increased from $320 million to $1.1 billion\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "48a4277e"
    },
    {
      "context": "Given the expense associated with chip design, the margin for error is virtually nonexistent, so designers are more likely to prefer tools that they are comfortable utilizing and would lead to a lower chance of their making a mistake.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the expense associated with chip design, the margin for error is virtually nonexistent\nEffect: designers are more likely to prefer tools that they are comfortable utilizing and would lead to a lower chance of their making a mistake\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "50fbde5f"
    },
    {
      "context": "Worldwide, there are hundreds of lodging management companies but only a few of those currently manage more than 100 properties with Hyatt one of them, making it a prime partner for third-party owners looking to outsource management responsibilities.  As a result of increasing third-party confidence in Hyatt's brands, the company's asset-light business became the majority of adjusted EBITDA (before corporate) in 2018 and reached 57% in 2019, and we estimate it will be around mid-70% in 2029.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Worldwide, there are hundreds of lodging management companies but only a few of those currently manage more than 100 properties with Hyatt one of them, making it a prime partner for third-party owners looking to outsource management responsibilities\nEffect: increasing third-party confidence in Hyatt's brands, the company's asset-light business became the majority of adjusted EBITDA (before corporate) in 2018 and reached 57% in 2019, and we estimate it will be around mid-70% in 2029\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "b193e72f"
    },
    {
      "context": "While we anticipate the near term will remain choppy, we think its portfolio will prove resilient even in a more challenging economic environment (like the mid- to high-single-digit growth posted in the 2008-09 recession). As such, we continue to expect 3%-4% annual sales growth and mid-20s operating margins on average, 100 basis points above the prior 10-year average.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: its portfolio will prove resilient even in a more challenging economic environment (like the mid- to high-single-digit growth posted in the 2008-09 recession)\nEffect: 3%-4% annual sales growth and mid-20s operating margins on average, 100 basis points above the prior 10-year average\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "08909805"
    },
    {
      "context": "We think MPS' greatest uncertainty stems from its ability to maintain an advantage in its proprietary process technology over analog competitors with larger budgets.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: its ability to maintain an advantage in its proprietary process technology over analog competitors with larger budgets\nEffect: MPS' greatest uncertainty stems\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "a33df559"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect Allegion's operating margin will moderate a bit in 2021 due to faster growth from lower-margin residential products and cost inflation.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: faster growth from lower-margin residential products and cost inflation\nEffect: Allegion's operating margin will moderate a bit in 2021\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "c14c08d9"
    },
    {
      "context": "Our forecast implies market share gains due to the combined businesses of Icon and PRA and results in a five-year projected revenue compound annual growth rate of about 27%, including the impact of the PRA acquisition.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the combined businesses of Icon and PRA\nEffect: market share gains\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "15c9d3bf"
    },
    {
      "context": "Our forecast implies market share gains due to the combined businesses of Icon and PRA and results in a five-year projected revenue compound annual growth rate of about 27%, including the impact of the PRA acquisition.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the combined businesses of Icon and PRA\nEffect: a five-year projected revenue compound annual growth rate of about 27%\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "ad4ffaa0"
    },
    {
      "context": "Through a combination of cost savings and expected top-line growth, Lilly aims to reach operating margins of close to 32% by 2021, which we believe is achievable.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: a combination of cost savings and expected top-line growth\nEffect: Lilly aims to reach operating margins of close to 32% by 2021, which we believe is achievable\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "9693e0c7"
    },
    {
      "context": "Lastly, vaccine hesitancy could plague vaccine-focused firms like Moderna if new concerns about safety issues begin to emerge from the firm's novel mRNA vaccines.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: new concerns about safety issues begin to emerge from the firm's novel mRNA vaccines\nEffect: vaccine hesitancy could plague vaccine-focused firms like Moderna\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "4cf8754a"
    },
    {
      "context": "By our estimate, the gap between Progressive's expense ratio and the industry average has added about 5 percentage points annually to the company's return on equity.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the gap between Progressive's expense ratio and the industry average\nEffect: added about 5 percentage points annually to the company's return on equity\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "7f9252f8"
    },
    {
      "context": "As retailers seek additional distribution facilities closer to population centers to accommodate this trend, Prologis will tap into its deep land bank to complete lucrative developments.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: retailers seek additional distribution facilities closer to population centers to accommodate this trend\nEffect: Prologis will tap into its deep land bank to complete lucrative developments\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "62db5deb"
    },
    {
      "context": "BMW's repeated appearance in the top five of the APEAL Study indicates consistently well-executed vehicles that solidly connect with the customer base.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: consistently well-executed vehicles that solidly connect with the customer base\nEffect: BMW's repeated appearance in the top five of the APEAL Study\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "8ec4e775"
    },
    {
      "context": "Although we believe the company's brand recognition and product positioning drive increased consumer attention and yield some degree of pricing power, our opinion is that location and design offerings are more important than brand reputation for potential luxury homebuyers.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: company's brand recognition and product positioning\nEffect: increased consumer attention and yield some degree of pricing power\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "6916fdd2"
    },
    {
      "context": "Both nonexistent switching costs (which could weigh on pricing power intermittently) and delayed innovation in product offerings could act as a drag on performance.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Both nonexistent switching costs (which could weigh on pricing power intermittently) and delayed innovation in product offerings\nEffect: a drag on performance\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "3b23c52d"
    },
    {
      "context": "We continue to anticipate a slower recovery in the Covance unit as clients slow down and delay clinical trial activity in 2020.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: clients slow down and delay clinical trial activity in 2020\nEffect: a slower recovery in the Covance unit\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "4536af08"
    },
    {
      "context": "As the movement of landing pages is completed, the economy recovers, and more video content is released as macroeconomics improve, we expect Baidu and iQiyi's advertising revenue to recover from a low base.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the movement of landing pages is completed, the economy recovers, and more video content is released as macroeconomics improve\nEffect: Baidu and iQiyi's advertising revenue to recover from a low base\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "fd419f3f"
    },
    {
      "context": "We see this network effect continuing to expand in both developed and emerging markets, as well as vertical markets such as rentals (where it looks to focus 2021 investment to expand supply and awareness in the U.S.) and attractions, resulting in a full connected trip offering.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: this network effect continuing to expand\nEffect: resulting in a full connected trip offering\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "bd385320"
    },
    {
      "context": "However, we believe Carnival could generate average ROICs, including goodwill (7%) below our weighted average cost of capital over the next decade, hindered by the secular fall out stemming from COVID-19.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: Carnival could generate average ROICs, including goodwill (7%) below our weighted average cost of capital over the next decade\nEffect: secular fall out stemming\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "f978e700"
    },
    {
      "context": "Before fiscal 2019, Smucker spent less than 6% of revenue on marketing, but beginning in fiscal 2019, these investments have increased, and are on track to reach 7% by 2022. These initiatives have allowed Smucker to reach 5 million new households, a 10% increase, while lowering nonworking media spending by $30 million, driving a 15% increase in marketing ROI.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Smucker spent less than 6% of revenue on marketing, but beginning in fiscal 2019, these investments have increased, and are on track to reach 7% by 2022\nEffect: Smucker to reach 5 million new households, a 10% increase, while lowering nonworking media spending by $30 million, driving a 15% increase in marketing ROI\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "c9d6e93f"
    },
    {
      "context": "Enterprises traditionally purchased point-based solutions that cover a component of security from the leading specialist; however, integrating multiple software and hardware vendors together becomes cumbersome and difficult to manage as new threats emerge.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: new threats emerge\nEffect: integrating multiple software and hardware vendors together becomes cumbersome and difficult to manage\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "43fa6b21"
    },
    {
      "context": "We don't have high expectations for the advertising business over the long term, despite AT&T's efforts to improve ad monetization, as consumer behavior shifts away from ad-supported formats.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: consumer behavior shifts away from ad-supported formats\nEffect: don't have high expectations for the advertising business over the long term\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "cee0f187"
    },
    {
      "context": "Rituxan biosimilars and new oral competitors in the blood cancer space should be partly countered by Gazyva's superiority to Rituxan in CLL and indolent/maintenance NHL indications.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: Rituxan biosimilars and new oral competitors in the blood cancer space\nEffect: be partly countered by Gazyva's superiority to Rituxan in CLL and indolent/maintenance NHL indications.\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "ec230c90"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe Hubbell can hit 16% adjusted operating margins by 2022 as it emerges through its latest rounds of productivity initiatives and despite challenges posed by the global pandemic, including supply chain automation and footprint and back-office consolidation.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: its latest rounds of productivity initiatives\nEffect: Hubbell can hit 16% adjusted operating margins by 2022\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "75e1ccf8"
    },
    {
      "context": "Finally, while we do see some differences in terms of cost structure across various iBuyers, we think these are largely attributable to differences in approach rather than differences in competitive advantage.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: differences in approach\nEffect: some differences in terms of cost structure across various iBuyers\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "c1f31493"
    },
    {
      "context": "This includes forecasting tools to ensure that the right product is on hand, the fleet to ensure the trucks are running on time, technology to efficiently route the fleet, and financial systems to ensure orders are processed and billed correctly. As a result, Sysco averages a 98.5% service level, the percent of orders delivered with the requested product (no substitutions), within the designated delivery window, and billed accurately.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: This includes forecasting tools to ensure that the right product is on hand, the fleet to ensure the trucks are running on time, technology to efficiently route the fleet, and financial systems to ensure orders are processed and billed correctly\nEffect: Sysco averages a 98.5% service level, the percent of orders delivered with the requested product (no substitutions), within the designated delivery window, and billed accurately\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "d68ff83d"
    },
    {
      "context": "Although CoStar's acquisition of LoopNet and its related platforms closed in 2012, we think it will continue to effectively push price increases to its existing user base and compel listers to utilize its advertising services more heavily over time.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: CoStar's acquisition of LoopNet and its related platforms closed in 2012\nEffect: it will continue to effectively push price increases to its existing user base and compel listers to utilize its advertising services more heavily over time\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "6ab65a39"
    },
    {
      "context": "The primary driver behind CMS' earnings growth and value creation is regulated capital investment, and the degree to which the company can recover its costs with an appealing return.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: regulated capital investment, and the degree to which the company can recover its costs with an appealing return\nEffect: The primary driver behind CMS' earnings growth and value creation\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "37bf1d38"
    },
    {
      "context": "Technological shifts such as new mirrorless cameras or simply third-party lenses could provide an opportunity for less-established competitors to gain share and erode Canon's customer base.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Technological shifts such as new mirrorless cameras or simply third-party lenses\nEffect: provide an opportunity for less-established competitors to gain share and erode Canon's customer base\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "1dae95e4"
    },
    {
      "context": "Canadian Natural's ownership of midstream pipeline assets allows it to control the transport of a significant portion of its own production and lowers its transportation expenses and overall cost structure.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Canadian Natural's ownership of midstream pipeline assets\nEffect: it to control the transport of a significant portion of its own production and lowers its transportation expenses and overall cost structure\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "96add76e"
    },
    {
      "context": "With the lifting of lockdown restrictions and speed of vaccine rollout representing the key (and unfortunately, exogenous) variables, we've modeled revenue growth of 14.3% and 7.5% in 2021 and 2022, as demand begins to stabilize in key European markets (notably, U.S.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: demand begins to stabilize in key European markets| the lifting of lockdown restrictions and speed of vaccine rollout representing the key (and unfortunately, exogenous) variables\nEffect: we've modeled revenue growth of 14.3% and 7.5% in 2021 and 2022\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "6c71936a"
    },
    {
      "context": "We project that the organic average non-ad revenue growth will be in the low to midsingle digits, driven by growth in retransmission fees and digital revenue.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: growth in retransmission fees and digital revenue\nEffect: the organic average non-ad revenue growth will be in the low to midsingle digits\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "4f16c742"
    },
    {
      "context": "The bank's motivation for the acquisition was to expand its banking and insurance operations in one of its home markets, the Netherlands, and further its long-term ambition to grow private banking and asset management of which Fortis would absorb ABN's offering globally.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: expand its banking and insurance operations in one of its home markets, the Netherlands, and further its long-term ambition to grow private banking and asset management\nEffect: the acquisition\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "72954a86"
    },
    {
      "context": "Compounding these pressures, management has more recently articulated its belief that the economy has already turned recessionary and is bound to get materially worse as unemployment rates surge, with the prime point of uncertainty being how long this situation persists.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: unemployment rates surge, with the prime point of uncertainty being how long this situation persists\nEffect: Compounding these pressures, management has more recently articulated its belief that the economy has already turned recessionary and is bound to get materially worse\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "19917a31"
    },
    {
      "context": "We view Graco as a GDP-plus business, with its commitment to R&D and continuous innovation driving sales growth slightly above the average industrial production growth rate through new product introductions, expansion into adjacent markets, and market share gains.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: new product introductions, expansion into adjacent markets, and market share gains.\nEffect: driving sales growth slightly above the average industrial production growth rate\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "d740c1c0"
    },
    {
      "context": "We forecast lower lower midcycle steel prices yet, driven by our bearish outlook for Chinese fixed-asset investment and the persistence of structural overcapacity as well as faltering cost support from steelmaking raw materials.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: our bearish outlook for Chinese fixed-asset investment and the persistence of structural overcapacity as well as faltering cost support from steelmaking raw materials\nEffect: lower lower midcycle steel prices yet\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "dd7f4c9e"
    },
    {
      "context": "Given the importance of live sports to the pay-television bundle, we expect that the main ESPN channels will remain key components of any pay-television offering.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Given the importance of live sports to the pay-television bundle\nEffect: we expect that the main ESPN channels will remain key components of any pay-television offering\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "53582927"
    },
    {
      "context": "We have remodeled our interest-rate forecast and our net interest margin projections for the bank considering the current macroeconomic situation.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the current macroeconomic situation\nEffect: We have remodeled our interest-rate forecast and our net interest margin projections for the bank\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "e16a3be5"
    },
    {
      "context": "The ability of Biogen's new oral drug Vumerity to improve GI tolerability should partly offset headwinds from competition, but we still assume Biogen's total oral MS drug sales will decline from $3.8 billion in 2020 to $1.7 billion by 2025.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: The ability of Biogen's new oral drug Vumerity to improve GI tolerability\nEffect: partly offset headwinds from competition\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "5bd7bac4"
    },
    {
      "context": "For example, hoses, nozzles, pumps, and other components have to be periodically replaced due to constant wear and tear, which creates steady demand for aftermarket parts.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: hoses, nozzles, pumps, and other components have to be periodically replaced\nEffect: constant wear and tear\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "5f19fce2"
    },
    {
      "context": "For example, hoses, nozzles, pumps, and other components have to be periodically replaced due to constant wear and tear, which creates steady demand for aftermarket parts.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: constant wear and tear\nEffect: creates steady demand for aftermarket parts\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "9fab0025"
    },
    {
      "context": "The research model business has remained a steady recurring revenue stream for the company as a result of high switching costs.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: high switching costs\nEffect: The research model business has remained a steady recurring revenue stream for the company\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "c0efecd3"
    },
    {
      "context": "Security uses include threat detection (suspicious user activity, for example) as well as incident monitoring; IT cases include cloud infrastructure monitoring and predictive system analytics; and observability uses include monitoring application health for developers, and application modernization to maximize performance and drive innovation.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: observability uses include monitoring application health for developers, and application modernization\nEffect: maximize performance and drive innovation\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "8388cd16"
    },
    {
      "context": "The firm is also exposed to the consumer markets through its mobile device products and, increasingly, Internet of Things, where demand may ebb and flow along with short product cycles.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: mobile device products and, increasingly, Internet of Things\nEffect: The firm is also exposed to the consumer markets\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "6eb1b654"
    },
    {
      "context": "The volume of new equipment sales to LNG and other oil and gas customers has been falling off, due to the general oil and gas downturn as well as the imminent LNG oversupply specifically.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the general oil and gas downturn as well as the imminent LNG oversupply specifically\nEffect: The volume of new equipment sales to LNG and other oil and gas customers has been falling off\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "93bd228d"
    },
    {
      "context": "The firm spends over $600 million each year on advertising and media, which provides buying power over smaller peers, also contributing to its cost advantage.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: The firm spends over $600 million each year on advertising and media\nEffect: provides buying power over smaller peers, also contributing to its cost advantage\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "09113325"
    },
    {
      "context": "Novartis' patent-protected drugs carry strong pricing power, which enables the firm to generate returns on invested capital in excess of its cost of capital.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Novartis' patent-protected drugs carry strong pricing power\nEffect: the firm to generate returns on invested capital in excess of its cost of capital.\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "eedbb10b"
    },
    {
      "context": "In aerospace and power instrumentation, we think high demand for cleaner and more efficient energy, as well as the need for electromagnetic compatibility compliance will propel this business' results going forward.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: high demand for cleaner and more efficient energy, as well as the need for electromagnetic compatibility compliance\nEffect: this business' results going forward\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "a9d54d54"
    },
    {
      "context": "This could result in more stable cash flows, a sustainable dividend, and Utilities - Independent Power Producersmore share buybacks if management does a good job executing its strategy.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: management does a good job executing its strategy\nEffect: more stable cash flows, a sustainable dividend, and Utilities - Independent Power Producersmore share buybacks\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "14f38987"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe Adidas has a strong opportunity in the $31 billion athletic apparel market in China, where it is viewed as a premium fashion brand with high pricing.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: We believe Adidas has a strong opportunity in the $31 billion athletic apparel market in China,\nEffect: where it is viewed as a premium fashion brand with high pricing.\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "177f4527"
    },
    {
      "context": "While a leader in real-world evidence, IQVIA's success is highly dependent on regulatory cooperation, as real-world evidence offerings will only be worth a premium if they're completely embraced by the FDA and other regulatory entities.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: real-world evidence offerings will only be worth a premium if they're completely embraced by the FDA and other regulatory entities\nEffect: IQVIA's success is highly dependent on regulatory cooperation\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "dfe3f78b"
    },
    {
      "context": "However, if Eastman is unable to develop new products to replace formulas that roll off patent, or if its new products fail to generate the same incremental demand growth from its end users, its ability to command a premium price for its specialty products would deteriorate.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: its new products fail to generate the same incremental demand growth from its end user\nEffect: its ability to command a premium price for its specialty products would deteriorate\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "f9d9a366"
    },
    {
      "context": "However, if Eastman is unable to develop new products to replace formulas that roll off patent, or if its new products fail to generate the same incremental demand growth from its end users, its ability to command a premium price for its specialty products would deteriorate.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Eastman is unable to develop new products to replace formulas that roll off patent\nEffect: its ability to command a premium price for its specialty products would deteriorate\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "5dafb962"
    },
    {
      "context": "Lower volume for equity futures should be partially mitigated by rises in average revenue per contract as the company benefits from recent price increases and improved product mix as the smaller contracts favored by retail investors carry a much smaller transaction fee per contract than CME's traditional equity products.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the company benefits from recent price increases and improved product mix\nEffect: Lower volume for equity futures should be partially mitigated by rises in average revenue per contract\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "ee8d889c"
    },
    {
      "context": "Lower volume for equity futures should be partially mitigated by rises in average revenue per contract as the company benefits from recent price increases and improved product mix as the smaller contracts favored by retail investors carry a much smaller transaction fee per contract than CME's traditional equity products.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the smaller contracts favored by retail investors carry a much smaller transaction fee per contract than CME's traditional equity products\nEffect: the company benefits from recent price increases and improved product mix\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "9f5233d3"
    },
    {
      "context": "Lower volume for equity futures should be partially mitigated by rises in average revenue per contract as the company benefits from recent price increases and improved product mix as the smaller contracts favored by retail investors carry a much smaller transaction fee per contract than CME's traditional equity products.",
      "question": "2 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: rises in average revenue per contract\nEffect: Lower volume for equity futures\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "29c1f39d"
    },
    {
      "context": "If one of CME's customer's fails to settle a contract, the exchange will step in and close out the transaction after seizing the collateral of the defaulted counterparty.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: one of CME's customer's fails to settle a contract\nEffect: the exchange will step in and close out the transaction after seizing the collateral of the defaulted counterparty\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "0f151de9"
    },
    {
      "context": "We model revenue to increase about 6.6% on a five-year compound annual basis, up from 3.7% in our prior model, with about a 12% decline in 2020 due to COVID-19 and then high-single-digits to mid-teens growth in the outer years of our forecast period.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: COVID-19\nEffect: a 12% decline in 2020\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "3317775b"
    },
    {
      "context": "Third, because Logix works with third-party applications, customers can make incremental improvements to their facilities without incurring the disruption of an expensive system overhaul.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: because Logix works with third-party applications\nEffect: customers can make incremental improvements to their facilities without incurring the disruption of an expensive system overhaul\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "25ae39a3"
    },
    {
      "context": "Although the ostomy market only grows in the mid-single digits, it is relatively insulated from larger economic conditions as patients generally have little choice about whether to use the devices and supplies.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: patients generally have little choice about whether to use the devices and supplies\nEffect: it is relatively insulated from larger economic conditions\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "ef2ff5eb"
    },
    {
      "context": "With declining net interest margins over the past few years, Bradesco has pivoted toward higher margin small and medium enterprise and personal lending, in tandem with an increased focus on fee income.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: declining net interest margins over the past few years\nEffect: Bradesco has pivoted toward higher margin small and medium enterprise and personal lending, in tandem with an increased focus on fee income\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "fc3f852a"
    },
    {
      "context": "As a developer of projects in frontier regions such as Mozambique or Papua New Guinea, Total faces the risk of delays or disruption of new construction or existing operations due to disputes with local communities.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: As a developer of projects in frontier regions\nEffect: Total faces the risk of delays or disruption of new construction or existing operations\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "cb4b440a"
    },
    {
      "context": "As a developer of projects in frontier regions such as Mozambique or Papua New Guinea, Total faces the risk of delays or disruption of new construction or existing operations due to disputes with local communities.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: disputes with local communities\nEffect: the risk of delays or disruption of new construction or existing operations\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "6793f6e2"
    },
    {
      "context": "The multi-year effort to bring Line 3 into service due to opposition from indigenous tribes finally looks to be nearing a close, with an expected in-service date by the end of 2021.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: opposition from indigenous\nEffect: in-service date by the end of 2021\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "6cb911ab"
    },
    {
      "context": "The pandemic may bolster the unit's long-term prospects if the temporary shift to digital learning during shelter-in-place orders leads to greater adoption even after public health conditions normalize.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: The pandemic may bolster the unit's long-term prospects if the temporary shift to digital learning during shelter-in-place orders\nEffect: greater adoption even after public health conditions normalize\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "57b927cd"
    },
    {
      "context": "Moreover, it does not appear that increased outlet sales have had a discernible effect on pricing, as Adidas' overall gross margin improved 210 basis points in the period to 49.7% from 47.6%.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Adidas' overall gross margin improved 210 basis points in the period to 49.7% from 47.6%\nEffect: it does not appear that increased outlet sales have had a discernible effect on pricing\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "69f02fd4"
    },
    {
      "context": "We have raised our long-term tax rate by 5 percentage points to 29% in anticipation of a corporate tax increase in the United States in 2022.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: in anticipation of a corporate tax increase in the United States in 2022\nEffect: We have raised our long-term tax rate by 5 percentage points to 29%\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "ad62c15b"
    },
    {
      "context": "Management hopes to develop more complex manufacturing capabilities in market segments where limited competition supports stronger pricing power and higher profitability, but market pressures have limited the company's progress.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: market pressures\nEffect: the company's progress\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "4ebd09ed"
    },
    {
      "context": "Management hopes to develop more complex manufacturing capabilities in market segments where limited competition supports stronger pricing power and higher profitability, but market pressures have limited the company's progress.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: develop more complex manufacturing capabilities in market segments\nEffect: limited competition supports stronger pricing power and higher profitability\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "7e41484d"
    },
    {
      "context": "Management is looking for 25% of its growth outlook to be driven by innovation, a mark we think is achievable given the broad resonance of its trademarks.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: a mark\nEffect: the broad resonance of its trademarks\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "5d4523ce"
    },
    {
      "context": "To tap into the fixed-line market and protect itself from further encroachment by KT into its wireless business, SK Telecom acquired a stake in Hanaro Telecom (now SK Broadband), Korea's second-largest fixed-line operator, in 2008, which it subsequently turned into 100% ownership.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: tap into the fixed-line market and protect itself from further encroachment by KT into its wireless business\nEffect: SK Telecom acquired a stake in Hanaro Telecom (now SK Broadband)\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "66897c04"
    },
    {
      "context": "The aquatic systems business, which offers a full line of energy-efficient equipment for residential and commercial swimming pools (including pumps, filters, heaters, and other equipment and accessories), is the crown jewel in Pentair's portfolio, as it is both its fastest-growing and most profitable business.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: it is both its fastest-growing and most profitable business\nEffect: The aquatic systems business, which offers a full line of energy-efficient equipment for residential and commercial swimming pools (including pumps, filters, heaters, and other equipment and accessories), is the crown jewel in Pentair's portfolio\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "98e0254f"
    },
    {
      "context": "In the long run, we still expect steel prices to be low, owing to our expectations of lower midcycle iron ore and coking coal prices as China's demand growth for steel matures.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: China's demand growth for steel matures\nEffect: lower midcycle iron ore and coking coal prices\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "e46cd96f"
    },
    {
      "context": "While the testing market tends to be relatively stable, fragmentation is high and Neogen is often competing against several providers for new business.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: fragmentation is high\nEffect: competing against several providers for new business\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "d11fe05d"
    },
    {
      "context": "While we think natural gas will play a role near term in California, there is risk that as policymakers shift away from natural gas regulators don't fairly compensate Sempra for stranded gas distribution assets.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: policymakers shift away from natural gas regulators don't fairly compensate Sempra for stranded gas distribution assets\nEffect: we think natural gas will play a role near term in California\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "6075c96c"
    },
    {
      "context": "Operating expenditure for the various areas of operations tend to be in local currency, the decline in revenue from currency weakness is offset by a decline in operating expenditure.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the decline in revenue from currency weakness\nEffect: a decline in operating expenditure\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "4e106eaf"
    },
    {
      "context": "This superior safety profile coupled with ICU's low pricing allows the company to sell double the volume of connectors versus its nearest competitor.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: This superior safety profile coupled with ICU's low pricing\nEffect: the company to sell double the volume of connectors versus its nearest competitor\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "2839b708"
    },
    {
      "context": "Spirit's workforce is generally unionized, which suggests to us that there may be an opportunity for permanent margin improvement from the retirement of higher-wage workers.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Spirit's workforce is generally unionized\nEffect: there may be an opportunity for permanent margin improvement from the retirement of higher-wage workers\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "f5d88917"
    },
    {
      "context": "ROIC fell in 2016 due to a medical advertising scandal at Baidu and the resulting government curb on healthcare adverts.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: a medical advertising scandal at Baidu and the resulting government curb on healthcare adverts\nEffect: ROIC fell in 2016\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "f5588b5f"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe Pembina's operating assets can thrive in a low-oil-price environment, while expansion projects in growing regions will fuel EBITDA and cash distribution growth.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: expansion projects in growing regions\nEffect: fuel EBITDA and cash distribution growth\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "2061abf1"
    },
    {
      "context": "Experience attained from launching initially in and focusing more on the North America market may help Lyft more effectively allocate capital to its possible launches in other markets.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Experience attained from launching initially in and focusing more on the North America market\nEffect: Lyft more effectively allocate capital to its possible launches in other markets\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "f0b74943"
    },
    {
      "context": "A failure of a sensor to work properly may lead to product failure of an expensive long-cycle product, which we think makes it difficult for customers to switch.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: A failure of a sensor to work properly\nEffect: product failure of an expensive long-cycle product\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "f044b402"
    },
    {
      "context": "A failure of a sensor to work properly may lead to product failure of an expensive long-cycle product, which we think makes it difficult for customers to switch.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: A failure of a sensor to work properly may lead to product failure of an expensive long-cycle product\nEffect: makes it difficult for customers to switch\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "91fe8efa"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect high-single-digit growth from the firm's mobile device segment, exceeding management's target of 4%-6% growth, as NFC and UWB solutions become more ubiquitous for payments and secure access.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: NFC and UWB solutions become more ubiquitous for payments and secure access.\nEffect: high-single-digit growth from the firm's mobile device segment, exceeding management's target of 4%-6% growth\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "5ae0a2d9"
    },
    {
      "context": "These aspects of the retail distribution channel keep most generic drug manufacturers, unwilling to focus on direct-to-consumer products, focused on the prescription side of the drug market and away from Perrigo's territory.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: These aspects of the retail distribution channel\nEffect: most generic drug manufacturers, unwilling to focus on direct-to-consumer products\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "c2d03a49"
    },
    {
      "context": "After a firm adopts Amphenol's components into its product, they will often experience significant financial cost and the potential risk of failure by switching to competitors.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: a firm adopts Amphenol's components into its product\nEffect: they will often experience significant financial cost and the potential risk of failure by switching to competitors\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "75f800c3"
    },
    {
      "context": "We contend that these higher domain fees should not lead to significant customer attrition given that they comprise a relatively small proportion of a business' budget.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: they comprise a relatively small proportion of a business' budget\nEffect: these higher domain fees should not lead to significant customer attrition\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "405eb8bd"
    },
    {
      "context": "While an increased focus on diagnostics due to the coronavirus pandemic will be a tailwind, we expect competition will increase to meet this rising demand, and Bio-Rad may not meaningfully benefit from this trend despite a growing market.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the coronavirus pandemic\nEffect: an increased focus on diagnostics\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "0d0cf103"
    },
    {
      "context": "While an increased focus on diagnostics due to the coronavirus pandemic will be a tailwind, we expect competition will increase to meet this rising demand, and Bio-Rad may not meaningfully benefit from this trend despite a growing market.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: rising demand\nEffect: competition will increase\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "b5bac6aa"
    },
    {
      "context": "As a result, Tenneco has a large degree of operating leverage, so sudden declines in volume can have a meaningful impact on profit.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Tenneco has a large degree of operating leverage\nEffect: sudden declines in volume can have a meaningful impact on profit\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "ac22f748"
    },
    {
      "context": "We see non-GAAP operating margin expanding from 25% in 2020 (actual) to nearly 30% over the next five years driven by improving scale.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: improving scale\nEffect: We see non-GAAP operating margin expanding from 25% in 2020 (actual) to nearly 30% over the next five years\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "6726494f"
    },
    {
      "context": "The resultant sales relationships and company reputation for quick component availability across a wide range of inventory lead to a brand intangible asset that is difficult for small, regional competitors to replicate.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: The resultant sales relationships and company reputation for quick component availability across a wide range of inventory\nEffect: a brand intangible asset\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "e933cae9"
    },
    {
      "context": "To continue winning contracts, the turbine-makers will instate steep cost-reduction goals to their supply chain and will outsource suppliers that cannot meet the targets.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: To continue winning contracts\nEffect: the turbine-makers will instate steep cost-reduction goals to their supply chain and will outsource suppliers that cannot meet the targets\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "771245be"
    },
    {
      "context": "Further, a number of patents and trade secrets protect these innovations from intellectual property theft. These factors allow the company to charge a premium relative to competitors' products, which we believe contributes to its GAAP operating margins of just under 23% based on 2020 results.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: a number of patents and trade secrets protect these innovations from intellectual property theft\nEffect: the company to charge a premium relative to competitors' products, which we believe contributes to its GAAP operating margins of just under 23% based on 2020 results\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "4e7c298c"
    },
    {
      "context": "That's important because the precise surface location of a horizontal shale well plays a huge role in determining its eventual productivity and influences the oil content of its production stream.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the precise surface location of a horizontal shale well\nEffect: its eventual productivity and influences the oil content of its production stream.\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "049e49cf"
    },
    {
      "context": "Or, if the customer is unable to find such a solution, it would need to source multiple discrete products from various suppliers to develop bespoke solutions with the same functionality, complicating its supply chain and requiring significant engineering investment.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the customer is unable to find such a solution\nEffect: source multiple discrete products from various suppliers\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "789c5f33"
    },
    {
      "context": "Or, if the customer is unable to find such a solution, it would need to source multiple discrete products from various suppliers to develop bespoke solutions with the same functionality, complicating its supply chain and requiring significant engineering investment.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: if the customer is unable to find such a solution, it would need to source multiple discrete products from various suppliers to develop bespoke solutions with the same functionality\nEffect: complicating its supply chain and requiring significant engineering investment\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "a3168bf3"
    },
    {
      "context": "In 2020, Apartment Income spun off its development pipeline and lease-up portfolio into its own company so that the remaining company could focus on the highest-quality assets.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Apartment Income spun off its development pipeline and lease-up portfolio into its own company\nEffect: the remaining company could focus on the highest-quality assets\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "0388a2d9"
    },
    {
      "context": "The firm must maintain the number of accounts belonging to celebrities, politicians, athletes, and other public figures in order to bring in more users and increase engagement.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: The firm must maintain the number of accounts belonging to celebrities, politicians, athletes, and other public figures in order\nEffect: bring in more users and increase engagement\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "62b94255"
    },
    {
      "context": "Frank's focus on casing services, especially for offshore oil wells, makes it more exposed than the average oilfield service company to a large oil spill like the 2010 Macondo disaster.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Frank's focus on casing services, especially for offshore oil wells\nEffect: makes it more exposed than the average oilfield service company to a large oil spill like the 2010 Macondo disaster\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "4db06033"
    },
    {
      "context": "We have indication of smartwatches significantly hurting lower priced Swiss watch sales, although we see high-end brands to be more resilient.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: smartwatches\nEffect: hurting lower priced Swiss watch sales\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "f2e5e6ab"
    },
    {
      "context": "Using pulse oximeters that produce frequent false alarms can take up valuable clinician time, leading to poor health outcomes, and constant false alarms could result in true positive alerts being ignored.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Using pulse oximeters that produce frequent false alarms\nEffect: take up valuable clinician time, leading to poor health outcomes\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "28f16a8f"
    },
    {
      "context": "Using pulse oximeters that produce frequent false alarms can take up valuable clinician time, leading to poor health outcomes, and constant false alarms could result in true positive alerts being ignored.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: constant false alarms\nEffect: true positive alerts being ignored.\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "bd29aaeb"
    },
    {
      "context": "Through high-grading and cost improvements, the company has reduced the oil price necessary to earn a 10% return on capital to below $40 per barrel.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: high-grading and cost improvements\nEffect: the company has reduced the oil price necessary to earn a 10% return on capital to below $40 per barrel\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "9b9a71c7"
    },
    {
      "context": "Focused entry from these competitors would double the current handful of players that have dominant scale, leading to commodification of the industry and a meaningful impact to margins.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Focused entry from these competitors\nEffect: double the current handful of players that have dominant scale\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "e3a95579"
    },
    {
      "context": "Focused entry from these competitors would double the current handful of players that have dominant scale, leading to commodification of the industry and a meaningful impact to margins.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: double the current handful of players that have dominant scale\nEffect: commodification of the industry and a meaningful impact to margins\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "c90e8c99"
    },
    {
      "context": "Most of that membership growth will likely come from its fully insured business, particularly the government business as the fast-growing Medicare Advantage business continues to expand.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the fast-growing Medicare Advantage business continues to expand\nEffect: Most of that membership growth will likely come from its fully insured business, particularly the government business\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "6ab6ac83"
    },
    {
      "context": "We think firms are hard-pressed to switch payroll software, given the need to run two systems during a transition and the uncertainty, cost, time, and effort of adopting a new product for such an important application.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the need to run two systems during a transition and the uncertainty, cost, time, and effort of adopting a new product for such an important application\nEffect: firms are hard-pressed to switch payroll software\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "71091e4a"
    },
    {
      "context": "Further, with around 40% of sales generated outside the U.S., Kellogg is exposed to foreign exchange fluctuations, which may eat into sales and profits from time to time.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: with around 40% of sales generated outside the U.S.\nEffect: Kellogg is exposed to foreign exchange fluctuations, which may eat into sales and profits from time to time\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "d73e967f"
    },
    {
      "context": "While the ultimate scope, scale, and success of these strategies remain to be seen, Ardent and Wexford give Ventas added platforms for consolidation as owners and operators potentially seek an efficient capital partner that can help provide an integrated healthcare infrastructure.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Ardent and Wexford give Ventas added platforms for consolidation\nEffect: help provide an integrated healthcare infrastructure\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "50df54e7"
    },
    {
      "context": "Furthermore, while populous metropolitan areas are the centers of construction activity, new quarry permits are difficult to obtain near well-populated areas due to not-in-my-backyard tendencies, preventing new competition from copying the location-based cost advantage.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: copying the location-based cost advantage\nEffect: new competition\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "36e76a26"
    },
    {
      "context": "Furthermore, while populous metropolitan areas are the centers of construction activity, new quarry permits are difficult to obtain near well-populated areas due to not-in-my-backyard tendencies, preventing new competition from copying the location-based cost advantage.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: not-in-my-backyard tendencies\nEffect: new quarry permits are difficult to obtain near well-populated areas\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "cb17d0d2"
    },
    {
      "context": "We are raising our uncertainty rating for British American Tobacco to medium from low because of the heightened risk to the business model posed by emerging categories.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the heightened risk to the business model posed by emerging categories\nEffect: raising our uncertainty rating for British American Tobacco to medium from low\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "c61c7b86"
    },
    {
      "context": "Potentially, the risk of litigation against individual advisors or other wealth management firms due to Morgan Stanley withdrawing from an industry agreement on broker recruiting will deter advisors from leaving, but the net effect will still likely be negative.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Morgan Stanley withdrawing from an industry agreement on broker recruiting will deter advisors from leaving\nEffect: the risk of litigation against individual advisors or other wealth management firms\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "bbe69ed7"
    },
    {
      "context": "That said, there are plans for two large resorts to open in 2021 (Genting World Resort opens with 3,000 rooms) and 2022 (the Witkoff Drew opens with around 4,000 rooms) that combined will increase existing supply by a mid-single-digit percentage.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: combined\nEffect: increase existing supply\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "dc940f4a"
    },
    {
      "context": "That said, there are plans for two large resorts to open in 2021 (Genting World Resort opens with 3,000 rooms) and 2022 (the Witkoff Drew opens with around 4,000 rooms) that combined will increase existing supply by a mid-single-digit percentage.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: there are plans for two large resorts to open in 2021 (Genting World Resort opens with 3,000 rooms) and 2022 (the Witkoff Drew opens with around 4,000 rooms)\nEffect: increase existing supply by a mid-single-digit percentage\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "cf977308"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe the gambling market in Macao will enjoy solid growth in the longer term. This structural tailwind is driven by the rising middle class in China and the penetration rate of less than 2% in Macao, compared with Las Vegas' 13%.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the rising middle class in China and the penetration rate of less than 2% in Macao, compared with Las Vegas' 13%\nEffect: the gambling market in Macao will enjoy solid growth in the longer term\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "8bd39b69"
    },
    {
      "context": "For instance, RingCentral's integration with Microsoft Teams allows users to seamlessly use services from both apps (for example, RingCentral meeting scheduling within Teams), fostering a \"co-opetition\" approach rather than pure competition. As a result, we do not see a winner-take-all market within UCaaS; instead, businesses are likely to adopt best-in-class solutions in different areas rather than lock into one suite.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: RingCentral's integration with Microsoft Teams allows users to seamlessly use services from both apps (for example, RingCentral meeting scheduling within Teams), fostering a \"co-opetition\" approach rather than pure competition\nEffect: we do not see a winner-take-all market within UCaaS; instead, businesses are likely to adopt best-in-class solutions in different areas rather than lock into one suite\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "d7b42088"
    },
    {
      "context": "Beyond boosting profits, we think these savings will fuel its product innovation and advertising to ensure its offerings stay top of mind with consumers and retailers.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: savings will fuel its product innovation and advertising\nEffect: its offerings stay top of mind with consumers and retailers\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "d30d7567"
    },
    {
      "context": "The bank has some segments that weigh on the efficiency ratio due to the structural characteristics of those individual business lines, such as asset and wealth management; however, it has still managed to keep its operating efficiency roughly in line with or better than its peers.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the structural characteristics of those individual business lines, such as asset and wealth management\nEffect: The bank has some segments that weigh on the efficiency ratio\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "7d2dbd38"
    },
    {
      "context": "Driving this growth are secular trends that should support increased adoption of CCaaS products, as well as Nice's shift to a cloud-based platform that should lead to healthy new customer growth and upselling opportunities with existing customers.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Nice's shift to a cloud-based platform\nEffect: lead to healthy new customer growth and upselling opportunities with existing customers\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "8257b748"
    },
    {
      "context": "Driving this growth are secular trends that should support increased adoption of CCaaS products, as well as Nice's shift to a cloud-based platform that should lead to healthy new customer growth and upselling opportunities with existing customers.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Driving this growth are secular trends\nEffect: support increased adoption of CCaaS products\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "41f7e082"
    },
    {
      "context": "This could lead to employee frustration if paychecks are delayed or if there are delays to benefits administration, and in severe cases, employees may quit the firm.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: there are delays to benefits administration, and in severe cases, employees may quit the firm.\nEffect: This could lead to employee frustration if paychecks are delayed\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "ca7d41d1"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe Discover's impressive returns are partly a function of the higher switching costs incurred by cardholders with revolving balances each month.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the higher switching costs\nEffect: Discover's impressive returns\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "9cf3ba43"
    },
    {
      "context": "The firm also could see higher environmental regulation costs as well as elevated expenses as it moves into electric vehicles, particularly as it competes for talent.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: it competes for talent\nEffect: The firm also could see higher environmental regulation costs as well as elevated expenses as it moves into electric vehicles\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "8a22459e"
    },
    {
      "context": "Vertex has been able to build upon its intellectual property, rolling out better medicines and combinations that increasingly capture more patients.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: build upon its intellectual property\nEffect: rolling out better medicines and combinations\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "b57c58cc"
    },
    {
      "context": "Vertex has been able to build upon its intellectual property, rolling out better medicines and combinations that increasingly capture more patients.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: rolling out better medicines and combinations\nEffect: increasingly capture more patients\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "726b86b9"
    },
    {
      "context": "If a malicious attempt is detected in one location, all of the enterprise's security is updated instead of only having an update in a particular location.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: a malicious attempt is detected in one location\nEffect: all of the enterprise's security is updated instead of only having an update in a particular location\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "fd950e61"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe EDU can trade above its industry peers' average with its leading position and  also solid revenue growth in China.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: EDU can trade above its industry peers' average with its leading position\nEffect: solid revenue growth in China\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "35323aef"
    },
    {
      "context": "If the largest telecom operator in the market talks about dropping its prices by 20-40% for low end customers and reducing its overall revenue by around 10% then it is likely to impact on the other operators.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: dropping its prices by 20-40% for low end customers and reducing its overall revenue by around 10%\nEffect: impact on the other operators\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "ffffff2a"
    },
    {
      "context": "However, we view discrete chips as more of a technological commodity making a sustainable competitive advantage from intangible assets and even switching costs unlikely.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: discrete chips as more of a technological commodity\nEffect: a sustainable competitive advantage from intangible assets and even switching costs\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "96e2dfa7"
    },
    {
      "context": "US Foods prefers these products as they have twice the margin of nationally branded products, and the firm encourages its sales reps to promote these items to clients.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: they have twice the margin of nationally branded products, and the firm encourages its sales reps to promote these items to clients\nEffect: US Foods prefers these products\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "fdfbbb89"
    },
    {
      "context": "If the firm is unable to effectively source and integrate new employees, it could stymie innovation and affect Synopsys' competitive positioning.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: If the firm is unable to effectively source and integrate new employees\nEffect: it could stymie innovation and affect Synopsys' competitive positioning\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "82109ca4"
    },
    {
      "context": "Second, we believe narrow-body commercial revenue should recover at a more accelerated pace relative to wide-bodies given favorable domestic over international travel trends.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: favorable domestic over international travel trends\nEffect: we believe narrow-body commercial revenue should recover at a more accelerated pace relative to wide-bodies\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "6c778285"
    },
    {
      "context": "Another major risk is the strong competition from the likes of Samsung and SK Hynix which may be able to develop technologically superior memory solutions than those of Micron, leading to stretches of underperformance where the latter is unable to adequately invest to bridge product portfolio gaps.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: develop technologically superior memory solutions than those of Micron\nEffect: stretches of underperformance where the latter is unable to adequately invest to bridge product portfolio gaps\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "99a2cf23"
    },
    {
      "context": "We think management has a good record when it comes to balancing expansion opportunities and maintaining the company's competitive position, which gives us confidence.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: management has a good record when it comes to balancing expansion opportunities and maintaining the company's competitive position\nEffect: gives us confidence\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "2aff9b67"
    },
    {
      "context": "In August 2020, it reached an agreement to sell its Speedway segment for $16.5 billion after tax, which represents a good deal for shareholders and premium to publicly traded peers, releasing value for shareholders as the embedded value of Speedway was well below that level.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the embedded value of Speedway was well below that level\nEffect: which represents a good deal for shareholders and premium to publicly traded peers, releasing value for shareholders\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "1dd2f1b2"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect rapid growth for the firm's Spark solution as it provides a stickier option to customers looking for comprehensive endpoint capabilities.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: a stickier option to customers looking for comprehensive endpoint capabilities\nEffect: rapid growth for the firm's Spark solution\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "22abde38"
    },
    {
      "context": "As a first mover in the local-market daily deals space, Groupon has captured a leadership position, but robust profitability has not followed.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: As a first mover in the local-market daily deals space\nEffect: Groupon has captured a leadership position\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "177acb4d"
    },
    {
      "context": "The international segment, heavily skewed toward China, features 11.5% annual revenue growth (excluding 2021), driven primarily by new unit openings (8.7%) as Starbucks continues to expand beyond Tier I cities.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: new unit openings (8.7%) as Starbucks continues to expand beyond Tier I cities\nEffect: The international segment, heavily skewed toward China, features 11.5% annual revenue growth (excluding 2021)\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "4d997f7e"
    },
    {
      "context": "Governments may start to push back against the level of the hosting fee or simply refuse to pay it, forcing Formula One Group to find new venues or to lower hosting fees.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: Governments may start to push back against the level of the hosting fee or simply refuse to pay it\nEffect: forcing Formula One Group to find new venues or to lower hosting fees\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "92d15352"
    },
    {
      "context": "As the company has yet to generate positive free cash flow, it will continue to rely on outside capital raises, especially as it expands production to meet growing demand.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the company has yet to generate positive free cash flow\nEffect: it will continue to rely on outside capital raises\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "52ed7d9d"
    },
    {
      "context": "The company also sold its underperforming windows business, repositioned its cabinets business to focus on higher growth value offerings, continues to build its plumbing business in China, and remains focused on product innovation, which supports the pricing power of many of its brands.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: The company also sold its underperforming windows business, repositioned its cabinets business to focus on higher growth value offerings, continues to build its plumbing business in China, and remains focused on product innovation\nEffect: supports the pricing power of many of its brands\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "7230c963"
    },
    {
      "context": "But on a high level, Yum China did say that its supply chain is run at a unit cost 50% lower than industry average, forming a material cost advantage over smaller peers.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: its supply chain is run at a unit cost 50% lower than industry average\nEffect: forming a material cost advantage over smaller peers\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "ace325f0"
    },
    {
      "context": "Because of lower revenue, IT investments, and pressure on gross margins (net revenue/gross revenue) from rising capacity buy rates, adjusted 2020 EBIT margin fell 110 basis points to 3.4%.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: lower revenue, IT investments, and pressure on gross margins (net revenue/gross revenue) from rising capacity buy rates\nEffect: adjusted 2020 EBIT margin fell 110 basis points to 3.4%\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "9133058a"
    },
    {
      "context": "If interest rates increase faster than expected, Oneok's shares could underperform, as a steepening yield curve increases expected distribution yield for competing assets.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: interest rates increase faster than expected\nEffect: Oneok's shares could underperform\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "f2945001"
    },
    {
      "context": "If interest rates increase faster than expected, Oneok's shares could underperform, as a steepening yield curve increases expected distribution yield for competing assets.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: a steepening yield curve increases expected distribution yield for competing assets\nEffect: Oneok's shares could underperform\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "ba04a66a"
    },
    {
      "context": "We also expect highly profitable narrow-body aftermarket services will recover ahead of the rest of the commercial aerospace portfolio since this business is driven by departures as opposed to revenue passenger miles.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: departures\nEffect: highly profitable narrow-body aftermarket services\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "810c0076"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe AEP is the best-positioned transmission developer in the U.S., given its large transmission footprint and history of execution.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: AEP is the best-positioned transmission developer in the U.S.\nEffect: given its large transmission footprint and history of execution\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "1af3a4af"
    },
    {
      "context": "Our base-case scenario assumes that the bank's efficiency ratio eventually declines to 54% as the bank should be able to manage its expense base, even as the interest-rate environment changes over the medium term.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the interest-rate environment changes over the medium term\nEffect: base-case scenario assumes that the bank's efficiency ratio eventually declines to 54%\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "8108bd48"
    },
    {
      "context": "The best operators boast a better understanding of local tastes and customs, often feature relevant real estate, legal, or supply chain expertise, and are generally willing to adopt sister brands, while categorical exclusivity prevents direct competitors from tapping the same master franchisee pool.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: categorical exclusivity\nEffect: direct competitors from tapping the same master franchisee pool\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "58a984a2"
    },
    {
      "context": "The best operators boast a better understanding of local tastes and customs, often feature relevant real estate, legal, or supply chain expertise, and are generally willing to adopt sister brands, while categorical exclusivity prevents direct competitors from tapping the same master franchisee pool.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: a better understanding of local tastes and customs, often feature relevant real estate, legal, or supply chain expertise, and are generally willing to adopt sister brands\nEffect: The best operators\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "b3ce0359"
    },
    {
      "context": "Further sluggishness at the start of fiscal 2020 and the COVID-19 pandemic caused revenue to fall another 5% in fiscal 2020.We anticipate a snap back in chip orders with revenue rising 18.5% in fiscal 2021, 4% in fiscal 2022 and growing at an average midcycle rate of 6% thereafter.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the COVID-19 pandemic\nEffect: revenue to fall another 5% in fiscal 2020\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "4863d9e7"
    },
    {
      "context": "Further sluggishness at the start of fiscal 2020 and the COVID-19 pandemic caused revenue to fall another 5% in fiscal 2020.We anticipate a snap back in chip orders with revenue rising 18.5% in fiscal 2021, 4% in fiscal 2022 and growing at an average midcycle rate of 6% thereafter.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Further sluggishness at the start of fiscal 2020 and the COVID-19 pandemic caused revenue to fall another 5% in fiscal 2020\nEffect: a snap back in chip orders with revenue rising 18.5% in fiscal 2021, 4% in fiscal 2022\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "31d53050"
    },
    {
      "context": "Further sluggishness at the start of fiscal 2020 and the COVID-19 pandemic caused revenue to fall another 5% in fiscal 2020.We anticipate a snap back in chip orders with revenue rising 18.5% in fiscal 2021, 4% in fiscal 2022 and growing at an average midcycle rate of 6% thereafter.",
      "question": "2 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Further sluggishness at the start of fiscal 2020 and the COVID-19 pandemic caused revenue to fall another 5% in fiscal 2020\nEffect: growing at an average midcycle rate of 6% thereafter\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "458558ec"
    },
    {
      "context": "Further sluggishness at the start of fiscal 2020 and the COVID-19 pandemic caused revenue to fall another 5% in fiscal 2020.We anticipate a snap back in chip orders with revenue rising 18.5% in fiscal 2021, 4% in fiscal 2022 and growing at an average midcycle rate of 6% thereafter.",
      "question": "3 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: revenue rising 18.5% in fiscal 2021, 4% in fiscal 2022\nEffect: a snap back in chip orders\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "06df74bf"
    },
    {
      "context": "As ADM has high fixed costs in its ag services business, the company is at risk for a significant profit drop should there be a bad harvest in any of its key regions including the U.S.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: ADM has high fixed costs in its ag services business\nEffect: the company is at risk for a significant profit drop should there be a bad harvest in any of its key regions including the U.S\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "5a551011"
    },
    {
      "context": "Assuming successful network construction, entrants then face steep customer acquisition costs and startup losses as they attempt to gain share with a modestly differentiated product in a rapidly maturing market.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: they attempt to gain share with a modestly differentiated product in a rapidly maturing market\nEffect: entrants then face steep customer acquisition costs and startup losses\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "ee7109db"
    },
    {
      "context": "Rollout of its omnichannel Digital One Stop process and the CarCash app allows consumers to shop digitally or in-store and helps Sonic procure more used-vehicle inventory.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Rollout of its omnichannel Digital One Stop process and the CarCash app\nEffect: consumers to shop digitally or in-store and helps Sonic procure more used-vehicle inventory\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "2433c69b"
    },
    {
      "context": "As the largest nuclear owner and operator in the U.S., Exelon has a generation portfolio with a low carbon emissions profile.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: As the largest nuclear owner and operator in the U.S.\nEffect: Exelon has a generation portfolio with a low carbon emissions profile\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "09c65d94"
    },
    {
      "context": "To a lesser extent, a business like Aderant also benefits from intangible assets, given its 'domain expertise' or intimate knowledge of the 'biglaw' attorney market.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: domain expertise| intimate knowledge of the 'biglaw' attorney market.\nEffect: benefits from intangible assets\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "6550edd5"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe NAS is a relatively sticky business because competing local and regional contractors probably have inadequate scale to service businesses with national scale.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: competing local and regional contractors probably have inadequate scale to service businesses with national scale\nEffect: We believe NAS is a relatively sticky business\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "a647453c"
    },
    {
      "context": "Further, the government is working on regulating the returns for transmission pipeline owners, and we think this will lower the profitability of this segment.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the government is working on regulating the returns for transmission pipeline owners\nEffect: lower the profitability of this segment\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "4cb027f6"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe that the national networks increasingly hold the upper hand in part because of the relatively higher viewing of national content versus local content and their DTC offerings.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the relatively higher viewing of national content versus local content and their DTC offerings\nEffect: the national networks increasingly hold the upper hand in part\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "edf25071"
    },
    {
      "context": "If WhatsApp, or any of the firm's other large customers terminate their relationship with Twilio, it will adversely impact returns.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: WhatsApp, or any of the firm's other large customers terminate their relationship with Twilio\nEffect: it will adversely impact returns\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "f3367dbc"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect Fanuc's service business to play a larger role for Fanuc due to increasing automation complexities from integrating Internet of Things technology to Fanuc's robots/machines, which will then contribute to the company's long-term ability to maintain high adjusted ROIC.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: due to increasing automation complexities from integrating Internet of Things technology to Fanuc's robots/machines\nEffect: We expect Fanuc's service business to play a larger role for Fanuc\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "0c06d3e6"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect Fanuc's service business to play a larger role for Fanuc due to increasing automation complexities from integrating Internet of Things technology to Fanuc's robots/machines, which will then contribute to the company's long-term ability to maintain high adjusted ROIC.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: We expect Fanuc's service business to play a larger role for Fanuc\nEffect: which will then contribute to the company's long-term ability to maintain high adjusted ROIC\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "9f5aff1b"
    },
    {
      "context": "In the event of a sudden plant shutdown, not only do individual components fail, but so do secondary systems, like shafts or motors.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: a sudden plant shutdown\nEffect: not only do individual components fail, but so do secondary systems, like shafts or motors\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "e4318b31"
    },
    {
      "context": "Given the lower relative expense and the reliability factor (given Synopsys' brand and experience), customers are more likely than not to continue to utilize the firm's IP; the wide selection of products to choose from and the smoother interoperability with other Synopsys tools contribute to this.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the lower relative expense and the reliability factor (given Synopsys' brand and experience)\nEffect: customers are more likely than not to continue to utilize the firm's IP\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "8865fc83"
    },
    {
      "context": "Given the lower relative expense and the reliability factor (given Synopsys' brand and experience), customers are more likely than not to continue to utilize the firm's IP; the wide selection of products to choose from and the smoother interoperability with other Synopsys tools contribute to this.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the wide selection of products to choose from and the smoother interoperability with other Synopsys tools\nEffect: customers are more likely than not to continue to utilize the firm's IP\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "372f71a1"
    },
    {
      "context": "With a disciplined pursuit over two decades, Tenaris has established itself as the premier provider of oil country tubular goods, or OCTG, the steel tubing used to construct oil and gas wells.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: a disciplined pursuit over two decades\nEffect: Tenaris has established itself as the premier provider of oil country tubular goods, or OCTG, the steel tubing used to construct oil and gas wells\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "5102e295"
    },
    {
      "context": "Carnival was already facing pricing headwinds, with weak performance across European geographies, when the global spread of COVID-19 exacerbated its plight. As a result, 2020 was even more difficult to navigate than past recessions, as ships largely stopped sailing after March (with limited capacity in Europe).",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Carnival was already facing pricing headwinds, with weak performance across European geographies, when the global spread of COVID-19 exacerbated its plight\nEffect: 2020 was even more difficult to navigate than past recessions, as ships largely stopped sailing after March (with limited capacity in Europe)\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "b869b737"
    },
    {
      "context": "Nevertheless, the ability to launch new products in adjacent categories under the company's large brand umbrellas can lower customer acquisition costs and is an indication of brand equity.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the ability to launch new products in adjacent categories under the company's large brand umbrellas\nEffect: lower customer acquisition costs and is an indication of brand equity\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "c2bebbfb"
    },
    {
      "context": "Brand strength has enabled premium pricing across all of BMW's products, while intellectual property supports the brand image with strong product execution, especially in powertrains.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Brand strength\nEffect: has enabled premium pricing across all of BMW's products\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "cc551d51"
    },
    {
      "context": "Brand strength has enabled premium pricing across all of BMW's products, while intellectual property supports the brand image with strong product execution, especially in powertrains.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: while intellectual property\nEffect: supports the brand image with strong product execution, especially in powertrains\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "6d23818b"
    },
    {
      "context": "Ultimately, however, we believe Shaw's relatively very small wireless business (only 4%-5% of total Canadian subscribers, based on our estimates), the complete lack of wireline footprint overlap, and the combined firm's commitment to accelerate 5G spending and invest in bringing high-speed broadband to underserved areas will lead to approval.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Shaw's relatively very small wireless business (only 4%-5% of total Canadian subscribers, based on our estimates), the complete lack of wireline footprint overlap, and the combined firm's commitment to accelerate 5G spending and invest in bringing high-speed broadband to underserved areas\nEffect: approval\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "693bbc4f"
    },
    {
      "context": "With over half of its sales into the transportation market--specifically with 42% of revenue coming from auto-TE's revenue and profits can be vulnerable to fluctuations and cycles in global automotive production.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: over half of its sales into the transportation market\nEffect: be vulnerable to fluctuations and cycles in global automotive production\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "dfdd1808"
    },
    {
      "context": "After the first half of the year results, which came below our expectations, we reduce our estimates to account for weakness in Brazil and other Latin American countries operations.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: reduce our estimates\nEffect: account for weakness in Brazil and other Latin American countries operations\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "21374ad2"
    },
    {
      "context": "We also expect the increasing awareness of the importance of software security in chips and applications to propel mid- to high-teens growth for Synopsys' newer software integrity segment, with total revenue surpassing $700 million in fiscal 2025.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the increasing awareness of the importance of software security in chips and applications\nEffect: propel mid- to high-teens growth for Synopsys' newer software integrity segment\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "2bfc76b0"
    },
    {
      "context": "We also expect the increasing awareness of the importance of software security in chips and applications to propel mid- to high-teens growth for Synopsys' newer software integrity segment, with total revenue surpassing $700 million in fiscal 2025.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the increasing awareness of the importance of software security in chips and applications\nEffect: total revenue surpassing $700 million in fiscal 2025\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "1a67f4d4"
    },
    {
      "context": "The $3 billion of cash proceeds from its renewable energy, NRG Yield, and South Central business sales helped NRG finance the Direct Energy acquisition with no new equity.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: The $3 billion of cash proceeds from its renewable energy, NRG Yield, and South Central business sales\nEffect: helped NRG finance the Direct Energy acquisition with no new equity\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "60b10de5"
    },
    {
      "context": "We suspect that the traffic-driving values that Costco offers in its stores are fueled by cost leverage and procurement strength that, in turn, feeds additional store visits.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: cost leverage and procurement strength\nEffect: the traffic-driving values that Costco offers in its stores\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "e9cee19f"
    },
    {
      "context": "We suspect that the traffic-driving values that Costco offers in its stores are fueled by cost leverage and procurement strength that, in turn, feeds additional store visits.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: cost leverage and procurement strength\nEffect: feeds additional store visits\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "8ef0ac2d"
    },
    {
      "context": "With disproportionate exposure to on-premises channels, particularly in Europe, the business will remain challenged throughout 2020 (we model 8% and 18% declines, respectively, for revenue and profits).",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: disproportionate exposure to on-premises channels\nEffect: the business will remain challenged throughout 2020 (we model 8% and 18% declines, respectively, for revenue and profits)\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "808f9eae"
    },
    {
      "context": "Given the high degree of operating leverage in the company's business, moderate changes in revenue can have an outsize effect on earnings.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the high degree of operating leverage\nEffect: moderate changes in revenue can have an outsize effect on earnings\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "a23e262c"
    },
    {
      "context": "Given the high degree of operating leverage in the company's business, moderate changes in revenue can have an outsize effect on earnings.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: moderate changes\nEffect: an outsize effect on earnings\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "1fb81870"
    },
    {
      "context": "Still, any evidence that an alternative oximeter performs comparably could lead to lower rates of contract renewals and force Masimo into a pricing war to keep customers.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: any evidence that an alternative oximeter performs comparably\nEffect: lower rates of contract renewals and force Masimo into a pricing war to keep customers\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "2297ea63"
    },
    {
      "context": "COVID-19 had a pronounced impact on global travel demand, causing Las Vegas Sands' total 2020 revenue to decline 74%.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: COVID-19\nEffect: a pronounced impact on global travel demand\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "4014b4c1"
    },
    {
      "context": "COVID-19 had a pronounced impact on global travel demand, causing Las Vegas Sands' total 2020 revenue to decline 74%.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: a pronounced impact on global travel demand\nEffect: Las Vegas Sands' total 2020 revenue to decline 74%\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "9ddfc028"
    },
    {
      "context": "Internationally, the company risks marketing improperly to audiences in Australia or franchise markets, which could have different consumption preferences than Americans do, and entering into markets where market incumbents exist.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the company risks marketing improperly to audiences in Australia or franchise markets, which could have different consumption preferences than Americans do\nEffect: entering into markets where market incumbents exist\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "9ed9b6fb"
    },
    {
      "context": "We acknowledge that P&G's mix of essential, trusted items are being propped up at present by the pandemic, with consumers' proclivity for personal and home cleaning and health-related fare.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: consumers' proclivity for personal and home cleaning and health-related fare\nEffect: P&G's mix of essential, trusted items are being propped up at present by the pandemic\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "44345f11"
    },
    {
      "context": "The Core-Mark acquisition will materially add to sales in 2022 and 2023, and we assume a 1% contribution from small tuck-in acquisitions in 2024 and beyond.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: The Core-Mark acquisition will materially add to sales in 2022 and 2023\nEffect: a 1% contribution from small tuck-in acquisitions in 2024 and beyond\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "3918f7da"
    },
    {
      "context": "Many companies are also placing increasing importance on chip customization as a point of differentiation. These trends have provided a boon for Cadence, as the firm's tools are essential for designers needing to keep pace with growing demands.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Many companies are also placing increasing importance on chip customization as a point of differentiation\nEffect: provided a boon for Cadence, as the firm's tools are essential for designers needing to keep pace with growing demands\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "17b3bbbe"
    },
    {
      "context": "The company produces chemicals from high-sulfur coal, which expose it to potential emissions regulations that could disproportionately affect Eastman over other chemicals producers that use only natural gas.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: The company produces chemicals from high-sulfur coal\nEffect: potential emissions regulations\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "4e791a77"
    },
    {
      "context": "The company produces chemicals from high-sulfur coal, which expose it to potential emissions regulations that could disproportionately affect Eastman over other chemicals producers that use only natural gas.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: potential emissions regulations\nEffect: disproportionately affect Eastman\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "0e393f3c"
    },
    {
      "context": "If lockdowns are extended, or if the consumer is slow to return to the on trade, margins may remain depressed for an extended period of time.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: lockdowns are extended, or if the consumer is slow to return to the on trade\nEffect: margins may remain depressed for an extended period of time\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "a5201ec7"
    },
    {
      "context": "The company's two core products are Munis, which is the core ERP system, and Odyssey, which is the court management system. These systems enable normal operations of governmental units, including financial management, human resources, revenue management, tax billing, and asset management.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: The company's two core products are Munis, which is the core ERP system, and Odyssey, which is the court management system\nEffect: normal operations of governmental units, including financial management, human resources, revenue management, tax billing, and asset management\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "3fad7a32"
    },
    {
      "context": "However, as share-based compensation represents a significant portion of operating costs, we don't expect GAAP operating income or net income to turn positive until the middle of the decade.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: share-based compensation represents a significant portion of operating costs\nEffect: GAAP operating income or net income to turn positive until the middle of the decade\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "35da8dd3"
    },
    {
      "context": "During the course of his campaign, Donald Trump claimed that he would shut down U.S.-to-Mexico remittances to leverage the Mexican government to pay for the construction of the wall.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: shut down U.S.-to-Mexico remittances\nEffect: leverage the Mexican government to pay for the construction of the wall\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "1813bb8c"
    },
    {
      "context": "Not only do Latin America and Iberia share the Spanish or Portuguese language, but there are also meaningful trade flows between the regions, based on a shared history.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: a shared history\nEffect: meaningful trade flows between the regions\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "a4d2caf8"
    },
    {
      "context": "We are raising our fair value estimate on Urban Outfitters to $31 per share from $29 as it recovers from a 13% sales decline in fiscal 2021 due to the pandemic.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the pandemic\nEffect: a 13% sales decline\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "ec858ec8"
    },
    {
      "context": "We are raising our fair value estimate on Urban Outfitters to $31 per share from $29 as it recovers from a 13% sales decline in fiscal 2021 due to the pandemic.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: it recovers from a 13% sales decline in fiscal 2021\nEffect: We are raising our fair value estimate on Urban Outfitters to $31 per share from\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "82724c58"
    },
    {
      "context": "On the yield side, we expect Carnival to see modest pricing pressure to entice cruisers back onto the product after COVID-19 subsides (mitigated somewhat by lower total capacity as older ships are scrapped or sold).",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Carnival to see modest pricing pressure\nEffect: entice cruisers back onto the product after COVID-19 subsides\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "843b12e0"
    },
    {
      "context": "Changing an engineering team to a Creo team from a Catia team would involve significant retraining and pose significant risks.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Changing an engineering team to a Creo team from a Catia team\nEffect: involve significant retraining and pose significant risks\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "28b27a28"
    },
    {
      "context": "Because of its R&amp;D efforts and technical know-how, Honeywell has virtually shut out other competitors in awarded contracts for avionics (aviation electronics), auxiliary power units, and mechanical systems (for example landing gear) since 2013.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: its R&amp;D efforts and technical know-how\nEffect: Honeywell has virtually shut out other competitors in awarded contracts for avionics (aviation electronics), auxiliary power units, and mechanical systems (for example landing gear) since 2013\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "9d96e798"
    },
    {
      "context": "The good news is that, on average, e-commerce warehousing requires about three times more space as traditional warehousing, so the increased demand has allowed the company to construct speculative developments, which often carry higher margins, albeit with more risk.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: e-commerce warehousing requires about three times more space as traditional warehousing\nEffect: the increased demand has allowed the company to construct speculative developments\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "da7d90d1"
    },
    {
      "context": "The good news is that, on average, e-commerce warehousing requires about three times more space as traditional warehousing, so the increased demand has allowed the company to construct speculative developments, which often carry higher margins, albeit with more risk.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the increased demand has allowed the company to construct speculative developments\nEffect: higher margins, albeit with more risk\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "30c6b9cb"
    },
    {
      "context": "Following fourth-quarter results, we are raising our margin forecasts to give CSX more credit for solid PSR-related execution given the firm's steady efficiency gains.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the firm's steady efficiency gains\nEffect: raising our margin forecasts to give CSX more credit for solid PSR-related execution\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "8495156f"
    },
    {
      "context": "The E&amp;P business also faced new challenges as the government revised existing oil and gas laws so that Petrobras would have to participate in future offshore licenses at less attractive financial terms.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: government revised existing oil and gas laws\nEffect: The E&amp;P business also faced new challenges\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "72af4c62"
    },
    {
      "context": "The E&amp;P business also faced new challenges as the government revised existing oil and gas laws so that Petrobras would have to participate in future offshore licenses at less attractive financial terms.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: government revised existing oil and gas laws\nEffect: Petrobras would have to participate in future offshore licenses at less attractive financial terms\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "38d1164e"
    },
    {
      "context": "However, the ability to consistently price above the rate of volume declines should ensure that Altria can continue to increase its revenue, earnings, and dividend.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the ability to consistently price above the rate of volume declines\nEffect: Altria can continue to increase its revenue, earnings, and dividend\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "33d439df"
    },
    {
      "context": "Limited exposure to the retail market (27% of AUM) and broader geographic exposure also leave the firm better positioned than some of its peers.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Limited exposure to the retail market (27% of AUM) and broader geographic exposure\nEffect: the firm better positioned than some of its peers\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "c76a096d"
    },
    {
      "context": "However, we remain optimistic about the sector's longer-term prospects given that the industry should eventually recover from the impact of the virus, supply will likely fall below the historical average in the coming years, and the demographic boon will create a massive spike in demand for senior housing.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the industry should eventually recover from the impact of the virus, supply will likely fall below the historical average in the coming years, and the demographic boon will create a massive spike in demand for senior housing.\nEffect: we remain optimistic about the sector's longer-term prospects given\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "8eb9301c"
    },
    {
      "context": "We consider occupancy rate at a historically high level and project that it will gradually approach 90% once the overall portfolio becomes more representative of the recent expansion.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the overall portfolio becomes more representative of the recent expansion\nEffect: We consider occupancy rate at a historically high level and project that it will gradually approach 90%\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "5b1db722"
    },
    {
      "context": "Republic has a large amount of goodwill on its balance sheet from its 2008 merger with Allied Waste, and this dynamic has resulted in a relatively narrow spread between the firm's return on invested capital and its cost of capital.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Republic has a large amount of goodwill on its balance sheet from its 2008 merger with Allied Waste\nEffect: a relatively narrow spread between the firm's return on invested capital and its cost of capital\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "ceb8c662"
    },
    {
      "context": "In addition to fluctuations in trading volume, Nasdaq is subject to regulation by the SEC, which could limit an exchange's ability to raise prices and offer certain products.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: subject to regulation by the SEC\nEffect: limit an exchange's ability to raise prices and offer certain products\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "41868c03"
    },
    {
      "context": "As IT teams offload workloads to public clouds and embrace hybrid-cloud environments, we believe enterprises will continue to use rely on networking equipment leaders for managing and securing the interconnections between all the data locations.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: IT teams offload workloads to public clouds and embrace hybrid-cloud environments\nEffect: we believe enterprises will continue to use rely on networking equipment leaders for managing and securing the interconnections between all the data locations\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "70a1ccc4"
    },
    {
      "context": "For instance, in 2018, the Brazilian real's strong depreciation to the euro caused a negative exchange rate effect of 16%. As a result, despite a stable organic revenues year on year in the Brazilian market, the reported revenue generated in Brazil decreased by 15.8% over 2017.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: For instance, in 2018, the Brazilian real's strong depreciation to the euro caused a negative exchange rate effect of 16%\nEffect: despite a stable organic revenues year on year in the Brazilian market, the reported revenue generated in Brazil decreased by 15.8% over 2017\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "3e18ef8a"
    },
    {
      "context": "Over the near term, Hasbro still faces some risk surrounding COVID-19 (supply chain and production delays if further closures ensue).",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: COVID-19\nEffect: Hasbro still faces some risk\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "3292177d"
    },
    {
      "context": "These advantages manifest themselves in the form of lower operating costs, lower credit costs, lower regulatory costs, and lower absolute levels and better diversification of risk, all of which allow the banks to achieve greater risk-adjusted returns.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: These advantages manifest themselves in the form of lower operating costs, lower credit costs, lower regulatory costs, and lower absolute levels and better diversification of risk\nEffect: the banks to achieve greater risk-adjusted returns\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "aa56bf6f"
    },
    {
      "context": "However, its operating margins may get some benefit from its cost-reduction plan, which includes reductions in areas like logistics and technology, lower real estate costs, greater supply chain efficiency, and improved pricing and product mix.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: cost-reduction plan\nEffect: operating margins\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "e6a67272"
    },
    {
      "context": "Also, once a drug's key patents expire, generic manufacturers often seek to utilize the same production methods that were used by the branded manufacturer to reduce product variability, and that adoption by generic manufacturers can create an even longer benefit period for Agilent on a specific molecule.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: a drug's key patents expire\nEffect: generic manufacturers often seek to utilize the same production methods that were used by the branded manufacturer to reduce product variability\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "dab35ec1"
    },
    {
      "context": "Also, once a drug's key patents expire, generic manufacturers often seek to utilize the same production methods that were used by the branded manufacturer to reduce product variability, and that adoption by generic manufacturers can create an even longer benefit period for Agilent on a specific molecule.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: adoption by generic manufacturers\nEffect: create an even longer benefit period for Agilent on a specific molecule\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "88f225a2"
    },
    {
      "context": "Additionally, the service business backed by a major national brand, as the commercial business coming from Interline and HD Supply could build brand loyalty and keep consumers returning to a trusted source, something that could be hard to duplicate for a new entrant.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the service business backed by a major national brand, as the commercial business coming from Interline and HD Supply\nEffect: build brand loyalty and keep consumers returning to a trusted source\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "32a1ece0"
    },
    {
      "context": "With the entertainment and enterprise businesses shrinking, we expect consolidated revenue growth of less than 2% annually over the next five years.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the entertainment and enterprise businesses shrinking\nEffect: consolidated revenue growth of less than 2% annually over the next five years\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "c72df89a"
    },
    {
      "context": "An aggregated view of all personal and financial information, updated in real time, is also advantageous to customers taking multiple products.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: An aggregated view of all personal and financial information, updated in real time\nEffect: advantageous to customers taking multiple products\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "2731b16f"
    },
    {
      "context": "First, as the 9,800 miles of pipes across 15 states connects refineries to end markets such as gas stations via 54 Magellan terminals, demand is highly stable as it depends on consumer demand in terms of miles driven and fuel efficiency.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: it depends on consumer demand in terms of miles driven and fuel efficiency\nEffect: the 9,800 miles of pipes across 15 states connects refineries to end markets such as gas stations via 54 Magellan terminals, demand is highly stabl\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "c9e8e919"
    },
    {
      "context": "Finally, we expect the firm's mature display technologies segment to grow at a rate of 1% over our forecast, as increases in average screen size offset mid-single-digit pricing declines.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: increases in average screen size offset mid-single-digit pricing declines\nEffect: the firm's mature display technologies segment to grow at a rate of 1% over our forecast\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "0377d8a2"
    },
    {
      "context": "Musk is barred from holding the chairman role for three years following a 2018 settlement with the SEC on a civil securities fraud complaint.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the SEC on a civil securities fraud complaint\nEffect: Musk is barred from holding the chairman role for three years following a 2018 settlement\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "e0052650"
    },
    {
      "context": "Longer term, we think this is a segment that will grow at around 3.5%, in line with consumer products more broadly, as pricemix is likely to be more limited.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: pricemix is likely to be more limited\nEffect: this is a segment that will grow at around 3.5%\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "ec3719cd"
    },
    {
      "context": "We estimate consolidated operating margins will average 3.3% for the next four years (2021-24) as we expect COVID-19 pandemic-related margin pressures to abate in 2021 and ramp further heading into 2022.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: COVID-19 pandemic-related margin pressures to abate in 2021 and ramp further heading into 2022\nEffect: consolidated operating margins will average 3.3% for the next four years (2021-24)\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "0c28f5ef"
    },
    {
      "context": "As networks expand operations and increase wireless access points, Cisco's wireless products can become more deeply ingrained in a customer's network.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: networks expand operations and increase wireless access points\nEffect: Cisco's wireless products can become more deeply ingrained in a customer's network\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "6f760d29"
    },
    {
      "context": "Wine/spirits will be more of a mixed bag, as the firm seeks to realign its portfolio following the divestiture of underperforming brands to E&J Gallo by the end of fiscal 2021 (to focus on what management refers to as ''''''''Power Brands'''''''').",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the firm seeks to realign its portfolio following the divestiture of underperforming brands to E&J Gallo by the end of fiscal 2021 (to focus on what management refers to as ''''''''Power Brands'''''''')\nEffect: Wine/spirits will be more of a mixed bag\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "e0f43425"
    },
    {
      "context": "This suggests it will likely follow peers in announcing an acceleration in the timing and increase in the amount of its renewable energy investments as it pursues its emission intensity targets.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: it will likely follow peers in announcing an acceleration in the timing and increase in the amount of its renewable energy investments\nEffect: it pursues its emission intensity targets\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "1857af72"
    },
    {
      "context": "Conversely, we think revenue will be driven by price/mix in North America (roughly 2.5%) and Latin America (approximately 6%), as the mature markets of the U.S., Mexico, and Brazil facilitate innovative line extensions and healthy rate increases.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the mature markets of the U.S., Mexico, and Brazil facilitate innovative line extensions and healthy rate increases\nEffect: revenue will be driven by price/mix in North America (roughly 2.5%) and Latin America\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "15b6c766"
    },
    {
      "context": "Zions' interest expense relative to total deposits has improved substantially relative to peers over the past cycle, largely driven by huge gains in non-interest-bearing deposits and its slightly lower-than-average cost of interest-bearing deposits.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: huge gains in non-interest-bearing deposits and its slightly lower-than-average cost of interest-bearing deposits\nEffect: Zions' interest expense relative to total deposits has improved substantially relative to peers over the past cycle\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "3d973b2f"
    },
    {
      "context": "As such, full-cycle break-even costs exceed $60/boe WTI, hampering Crescent Point's ability to generate sustainable excess returns on invested capital.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: full-cycle break-even costs exceed $60/boe WTI\nEffect: hampering Crescent Point's ability to generate sustainable excess returns on invested capital\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "fa9a2fed"
    },
    {
      "context": "While 2020 was a challenging year, we expect that the reopening of venues in 2021 and pent-up demand for fans and artists will help the firm reach its 2019 revenue level by 2022.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the reopening of venues in 2021 and pent-up demand for fans and artists\nEffect: the firm reach its 2019 revenue level by 2022\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "f399458d"
    },
    {
      "context": "However, we anticipate a return to historical levels of 29% by 2022, followed by another 100-basis-point increase to 30%, as efficiencies generally offset pricing pressure from greater competition.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: efficiencies generally offset pricing pressure from greater competition\nEffect: a return to historical levels of 29% by 2022, followed by another 100-basis-point increase to 30%\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "f048f0d8"
    },
    {
      "context": "Seagate's consumer HDD revenue has been declining in the high-teens over the past several years as consumer SSDs have come close enough to cost parity to establish mainstream crossover.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: consumer SSDs have come close enough to cost parity to establish mainstream crossover\nEffect: Seagate's consumer HDD revenue has been declining in the high-teens over the past several years\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "974c7267"
    },
    {
      "context": "Further, in contrast to most of its peers, J&J faces the majority of its near-term patent losses on hard-to-make complex drugs, which should likely slow generic drug competition.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the majority of its near-term patent losses on hard-to-make complex drugs\nEffect: slow generic drug competition\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "c5c03f8a"
    },
    {
      "context": "Our uncertainty rating also considers the increasing complexity of enterprise IT and the risks of falling behind in such capabilities as well as perception risk that could cause distrust in the company's offerings--brought upon by a security compromising event, which are not uncommon in the industry.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the increasing complexity of enterprise IT and the risks of falling behind in such capabilities as well as perception risk\nEffect: distrust in the company's offerings\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "19e9918d"
    },
    {
      "context": "Further, AbbVie's high concentration of Humira sales makes the company significantly exposed to any new competitive threats to Humira, both from biosimilars and new branded drug competition.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: AbbVie's high concentration of Humira sales\nEffect: the company significantly exposed to any new competitive threats to Humira, both from biosimilars and new branded drug competition\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "e6fda2a9"
    },
    {
      "context": "Moreover, with retail landlords looking for tenants to fill unoccupied real estate, we believe new fast-casual restaurant concepts will continue to come to market and pursue aggressive growth plans.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: with retail landlords looking for tenants to fill unoccupied real estate\nEffect: we believe new fast-casual restaurant concepts will continue to come to market and pursue aggressive growth plans\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "21c25d36"
    },
    {
      "context": "Idex's investments in innovation have allowed it to capture incremental market share gains through introductions of new and improved products, as well as entry into adjacent markets.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Idex's investments in innovation\nEffect: capture incremental market share gains through introductions of new and improved products| entry into adjacent markets\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "695bde6c"
    },
    {
      "context": "Twilio is a leading communications platform as a service, or cPaaS, firm that enables developers to integrate communications capabilities such as messaging, voice, and video into client-facing products, thus helping businesses strengthen customer engagement worldwide.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: enables developers to integrate communications capabilities such as messaging, voice, and video into client-facing products,\nEffect: helping businesses strengthen customer engagement worldwide.\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "24f0f042"
    },
    {
      "context": "Its product portfolio is protected by patents that last 20 years and enables PerkinElmer to strengthen its position in emerging markets.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Its product portfolio is protected by patents that last 20 years\nEffect: PerkinElmer to strengthen its position in emerging markets\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "0bc6eafc"
    },
    {
      "context": "CROs use their expertise in trial design and execution to balance quick trial starts with statistically significant results, allowing their biotech and pharma clients to focus on their core competencies of drug discovery and commercialization.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: CROs use their expertise in trial design and execution to balance quick trial starts with statistically significant results\nEffect: their biotech and pharma clients to focus on their core competencies of drug discovery and commercialization\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "571824c5"
    },
    {
      "context": "We also think there is more room for margin expansion in the technology and analytics segment with automation helping to reduce costs.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: automation\nEffect: reduce costs\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "65fde23a"
    },
    {
      "context": "Should Nvidia be successful in acquiring ARM and realizing its goal of developing a server CPU based on ARM architecture (something both Broadcom and Qualcomm failed at), there is a strong potential for Nvidia to realize substantial revenue synergies in its data center segment.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Should Nvidia be successful in acquiring ARM and realizing its goal of developing a server CPU based on ARM architecture (something both Broadcom and Qualcomm failed at)\nEffect: there is a strong potential for Nvidia to realize substantial revenue synergies in its data center segment\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "fd819b95"
    },
    {
      "context": "A new wave of high-margin projects combined with reduced capital spending should bolster free cash flow growth and improve returns.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: A new wave of high-margin projects combined with reduced capital spending\nEffect: bolster free cash flow growth and improve returns\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "b8fb0423"
    },
    {
      "context": "Coupa should benefit from operating leverage, and we expect expansion in GAAP operating margin from negative 31% in fiscal 2021 to 4% in fiscal 2026.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Coupa should benefit from operating leverage,\nEffect: we expect expansion in GAAP operating margin from negative 31% in fiscal 2021 to 4% in fiscal 2026.\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "787ed434"
    },
    {
      "context": "Ferguson's RMI exposure should support future revenue stability and margin expansion opportunities as project work in the repair and remodel market is typically less cyclical with higher profit margins compared with new construction projects (RMI projects are usually smaller and nondiscretionary).",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: project work in the repair and remodel market is typically less cyclical with higher profit margins compared with new construction projects (RMI projects are usually smaller and nondiscretionary)\nEffect: Ferguson's RMI exposure should support future revenue stability and margin expansion opportunities\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "da3eaeb7"
    },
    {
      "context": "Our fair value uncertainty rating for Facebook is high, based on uncertainty over future advertising growth rates and additional regulations restricting Facebook's access to and use of data, both of which drive growth in the firm's source of revenue.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: uncertainty over future advertising growth rates and additional regulations restricting Facebook's access to and use of data\nEffect: growth in the firm's source of revenue\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "871d580d"
    },
    {
      "context": "Our fair value uncertainty rating for Facebook is high, based on uncertainty over future advertising growth rates and additional regulations restricting Facebook's access to and use of data, both of which drive growth in the firm's source of revenue.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: uncertainty over future advertising growth rates and additional regulations restricting Facebook's access to and use of data\nEffect: Our fair value uncertainty rating for Facebook is high\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "e4237a82"
    },
    {
      "context": "While the firm periodically will refine the size and location of offices to adjust for demand fluctuations, its global network is largely established.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the firm periodically will refine the size and location of offices to adjust for demand fluctuations\nEffect: demand fluctuations\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "e7719a6c"
    },
    {
      "context": "That said, asset-based truckers often see temporary margin benefits during periods of rapid fuel price declines, as it takes time to adjust fuel surcharge programs to shippers.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: it takes time to adjust fuel surcharge programs to shippers\nEffect: asset-based truckers often see temporary margin benefits during periods of rapid fuel price declines\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "93658116"
    },
    {
      "context": "For example, the Medicare for All scenario debated in the Democratic primaries called for the elimination of the private insurance industry, which would have threatened much of the company's operations.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the Medicare for All scenario debated in the Democratic primaries called for the elimination of the private insurance industry\nEffect: threatened much of the company's operations\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "a8ee665e"
    },
    {
      "context": "Similarly, once a chip is designed into a device, it is rarely swapped out, particularly in cases where parts need to be qualified to meet strict specifications.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: a chip is designed into a device\nEffect: swapped out\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "58c873fd"
    },
    {
      "context": "Over the next five years, we forecast operating margin contraction of 70 basis points, due to the tough comparison of fiscal 2021 that saw abnormal margins from COVID-19 tailwinds, including high employee utilization and offshore mix.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the tough comparison of fiscal 2021\nEffect: operating margin contraction of 70 basis points\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "f2009e4a"
    },
    {
      "context": "Over the next five years, we forecast operating margin contraction of 70 basis points, due to the tough comparison of fiscal 2021 that saw abnormal margins from COVID-19 tailwinds, including high employee utilization and offshore mix.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: COVID-19 tailwinds\nEffect: abnormal margins\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "c07ce83c"
    },
    {
      "context": "Over the next five years, we forecast operating margin contraction of 70 basis points, due to the tough comparison of fiscal 2021 that saw abnormal margins from COVID-19 tailwinds, including high employee utilization and offshore mix.",
      "question": "2 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: high employee utilization and offshore mix\nEffect: abnormal margins\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "f7b24b2f"
    },
    {
      "context": "Excluding those factors, we don't expect much underlying margin improvement, as we believe the reinvestment needs of the business will offset its inherent scalability for the foreseeable future.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: the reinvestment needs of the business will offset its inherent scalability for the foreseeable future\nEffect: much underlying margin improvement\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "edbc161e"
    },
    {
      "context": "MetLife also is divesting its property and casualty insurance (auto) business, which we believe makes sense as there is minimal strategic benefit to having a small auto insurance business in its portfolio.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: there is minimal strategic benefit to having a small auto insurance business in its portfolio\nEffect: MetLife also is divesting its property and casualty insurance (auto) business, which we believe makes sense\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "b09db8f3"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect operating margins to widen to 35.1% in 2024 from 33.4% in 2019, as gross margin pressure subsides, administrative costs are leveraged, and outbound freight costs are optimized through technology-enabled capabilities and a denser copacking footprint.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: as gross margin pressure subsides, administrative costs are leveraged, and outbound freight costs are optimized through technology-enabled capabilities and a denser copacking footprint.\nEffect: operating margins to widen to 35.1% in 2024 from 33.4% in 2019,\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "c1f4c296"
    },
    {
      "context": "We think the company can increase operating margin including equity income over the next several years by restructuring its operations to be a better manufacturer.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: restructuring its operations to be a better manufacturer\nEffect: We think the company can increase operating margin including equity income over the next several years\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "01633e0f"
    },
    {
      "context": "If Grifols is unable to bring an IG product to market with higher pricing power (like Takeda's HyQvia or CSL's Hizentra), it could lose market share.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Grifols is unable to bring an IG product to market with higher pricing power\nEffect: it could lose market share\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "600b39c6"
    },
    {
      "context": "In our view, Cogent's biggest ESG risk is that of a data or security breach, given the firm is one of the biggest Internet transit providers in the world and runs corporate networks, resulting in individuals' and corporations' most sensitive information in its care.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the firm is one of the biggest Internet transit providers in the world and runs corporate networks\nEffect: individuals' and corporations' most sensitive information in its care\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "bf3487ba"
    },
    {
      "context": "In our view, Cogent's biggest ESG risk is that of a data or security breach, given the firm is one of the biggest Internet transit providers in the world and runs corporate networks, resulting in individuals' and corporations' most sensitive information in its care.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: individuals' and corporations' most sensitive information in its care\nEffect: Cogent's biggest ESG risk is that of a data or security breach\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "da420b4c"
    },
    {
      "context": "Owing to heavy competition with Qunar and eLong in 2014 and 2015, Ctrip's margins declined significantly, and the ROIC decreased from over 80% to negative 2.8% in 2014 and 1.9% in 2015.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: heavy competition with Qunar and eLong in 2014 and 2015\nEffect: Ctrip's margins declined significantly, and the ROIC decreased from over 80% to negative 2.8% in 2014 and 1.9% in 2015\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "89f627ec"
    },
    {
      "context": "In response, Nike took the possibly unprecedented step of reducing its minimum advertised price to move excess inventory.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: reducing its minimum advertised price\nEffect: move excess inventory\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "f7bf37af"
    },
    {
      "context": "Broadly, the firm is an acquisitive holding company that targets firms that produce proprietary aircraft components with high aftermarket content, thus benefiting from razor-and-blade business models.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the firm is an acquisitive holding company that targets firms that produce proprietary aircraft components with high aftermarket content\nEffect: benefiting from razor-and-blade business models\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "5e1b387b"
    },
    {
      "context": "Broadly, the firm is an acquisitive holding company that targets firms that produce proprietary aircraft components with high aftermarket content, thus benefiting from razor-and-blade business models.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the firm is an acquisitive holding company that targets firms that produce proprietary aircraft components with high aftermarket content\nEffect: benefiting from razor-and-blade business models\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "944fcaed"
    },
    {
      "context": "As more buyers and sellers trade a proprietary product, it becomes increasingly liquid and therefore cheaper for investors to transact business on a single exchange.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: more buyers and sellers trade a proprietary product\nEffect: cheaper for investors to transact business on a single exchange\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "2a823bfd"
    },
    {
      "context": "The industry is already full of strong competition, so it is nearly impossible for one firm to gain a sustainable advantage.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: The industry is already full of strong competition\nEffect: it is nearly impossible for one firm to gain a sustainable advantage\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "050be983"
    },
    {
      "context": "As evidence of Coach's superior pricing power, its gross margins (currently about 73%) have been consistently higher than those of Michael Kors (currently about 63%).",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: its gross margins (currently about 73%) have been consistently higher than those of Michael Kors\nEffect: Coach's superior pricing power\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "8519422c"
    },
    {
      "context": "Given the short-term nature of these leases and the growing demand for self-storage space, management had been able to achieve material rent increases from new and existing tenants prior to the outbreak of the coronavirus.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the short-term nature of these leases and the growing demand for self-storage space\nEffect: management had been able to achieve material rent increases from new and existing tenants prior to the outbreak of the coronavirus\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "5a329d8f"
    },
    {
      "context": "We also expect the components distribution business to be less volatile than the broader semiconductor industry, owing to Avnet's expanding customer base of small to midsize electronic equipment manufacturers.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Avnet's expanding customer base of small to midsize electronic equipment manufacturers\nEffect: the components distribution business to be less volatile than the broader semiconductor industry\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "47138c13"
    },
    {
      "context": "In total, we expect revenue will increase about 5% annually through 2025, with growth higher over the next three years as the market bounces back from the pandemic.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the market bounces back from the pandemic\nEffect: revenue will increase about 5% annually through 2025, with growth higher over the next three years\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "b77e846e"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect revenue to grow at an organic 5% annualized rate over our five-year forecast period as automaker customers focus on reducing vehicle emissions and launch electrified vehicle models.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: automaker customers focus on reducing vehicle emissions and launch electrified vehicle models\nEffect: revenue to grow at an organic 5% annualized rate over our five-year forecast period\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "f3a4927b"
    },
    {
      "context": "There are industry constituents that also have sizable franchises and financial resources, which could cause the competitive environment to become promotional.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: industry constituents that also have sizable franchises and financial resources\nEffect: the competitive environment to become promotional\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "5e33d996"
    },
    {
      "context": "Avnet has made similar moves to address the growing \"\"\"\"maker\"\"\"\" market by acquiring Dragon Innovation and Hackster.io, and by securing a partnership with Kickstarter.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: acquiring Dragon Innovation and Hackster.io, and by securing a partnership with Kickstarter\nEffect: the growing \"\"\"\"maker\"\"\"\" market\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "41216474"
    },
    {
      "context": "Public Storage obtained its highly attractive position by being a first mover in terms of acquiring land for self-storage use decades ago.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: by being a first mover in terms of acquiring land for self-storage use decades ago\nEffect: Public Storage obtained its highly attractive position\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "099f38bb"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe the substantial technical know-how required to build missiles and integrate missiles within various military aircraft provides a steep barrier to entry, and that non-defense contractors would be unwilling to make the substantial fixed cost investment required to enter this market.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the substantial technical know-how required to build missiles and integrate missiles within various military aircraft\nEffect: a steep barrier to entry\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "7bff172d"
    },
    {
      "context": "By building a fleet of rigs optimal for the efficient horizontal drilling that offers the best economics for oil and gas producers, H&P has positioned itself on the leading edge of industry trends.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: building a fleet of rigs optimal for the efficient horizontal drilling\nEffect: offers the best economics for oil and gas producers\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "47beb462"
    },
    {
      "context": "By building a fleet of rigs optimal for the efficient horizontal drilling that offers the best economics for oil and gas producers, H&P has positioned itself on the leading edge of industry trends.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: offers the best economics for oil and gas producers\nEffect: H&P has positioned itself on the leading edge of industry trends\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "d4409d01"
    },
    {
      "context": "Customer service is another mission-critical function that directly helps a company attract and retain customers and therefore also is associated with driving revenue.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Customer service\nEffect: driving revenue\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "9b4de614"
    },
    {
      "context": "Customer service is another mission-critical function that directly helps a company attract and retain customers and therefore also is associated with driving revenue.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: directly helps a company attract and retain customers\nEffect: Customer service is another mission-critical function\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "3242e167"
    },
    {
      "context": "If DAPL were to shut down permanently (we estimate a 50% probability this could occur), Oneok's exposure is less than $50 million in EBITDA in 2021 (assuming an April shutdown), so perhaps up to $75 million annually.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: DAPL were to shut down permanently (we estimate a 50% probability this could occur)\nEffect: Oneok's exposure is less than $50 million in EBITDA in 2021 (assuming an April shutdown)\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "f81db8ba"
    },
    {
      "context": "If DAPL were to shut down permanently (we estimate a 50% probability this could occur), Oneok's exposure is less than $50 million in EBITDA in 2021 (assuming an April shutdown), so perhaps up to $75 million annually.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Oneok's exposure is less than $50 million in EBITDA in 2021 (assuming an April shutdown)\nEffect: perhaps up to $75 million annually\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "80151c24"
    },
    {
      "context": "For one, concerns surrounding COVID-19 have plagued its professional segment prospects (with underlying sales that slumped 6% in fiscal 2020), as this business derives more than half of its sales from washroom products in offices and travel locations that continue to suffer from low traffic.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: this business derives more than half of its sales from washroom products in offices and travel locations that continue to suffer from low traffic\nEffect: concerns surrounding COVID-19 have plagued its professional segment prospects (with underlying sales that slumped 6% in fiscal 2020)\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "fdd38305"
    },
    {
      "context": "ING's other operations, outside of its German business, does detract somewhat from overall profitability, ING has generated a consolidated average ROE of 11% over the last three years.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: ING's other operations, outside of its German business\nEffect: overall profitability\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "840a6535"
    },
    {
      "context": "It stands between an organization's users and devices and the Internet, inspecting traffic and enforcing policies, thus representing the conduit through which users access popular web-based applications and Internet destinations.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: It stands between an organization's users and devices and the Internet, inspecting traffic and enforcing policies\nEffect: thus representing the conduit through which users access popular web-based applications and Internet destinations\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "cfcfe868"
    },
    {
      "context": "The dividend increase in the first quarter of 2020 was only 2.6%, and no increase is expected in 2021 due to the fallout from the bribery scandal.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the fallout from the bribery scandal\nEffect: no increase is expected in 2021\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "d41d3ddf"
    },
    {
      "context": "Additionally, higher inflation could limit earnings growth since Mettler may find it difficult to pass along price increases to customers above the typical 2%-3% range.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: higher inflation\nEffect: earnings growth\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "fb4e53c2"
    },
    {
      "context": "Additionally, higher inflation could limit earnings growth since Mettler may find it difficult to pass along price increases to customers above the typical 2%-3% range.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Mettler may find it difficult to pass along price increases to customers above the typical 2%-3% range\nEffect: higher inflation could limit earnings growth\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "48980e3c"
    },
    {
      "context": "As Wesco expands its top line, we expect operating margins will improve as it realizes operating leverage and synergies from the Anixter acquisition.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: it realizes operating leverage and synergies from the Anixter acquisition\nEffect: operating margins will improve\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "5b4ca83a"
    },
    {
      "context": "As Wesco expands its top line, we expect operating margins will improve as it realizes operating leverage and synergies from the Anixter acquisition.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Wesco expands its top line\nEffect: operating margins will improve\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "b7ff3b40"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect Honda to not grow as well in China as firms such as General Motors and Volkswagen, as these larger firms have more product offerings in SUVs, luxury models, and in GM's case full-size pickups.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: these larger firms have more product offerings in SUVs, luxury models, and in GM's case full-size pickups\nEffect: Honda to not grow as well in China as firms such as General Motors and Volkswagen\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "f885065e"
    },
    {
      "context": "We're raising our fair value estimate for Regeneron to $500 from $473 after further increasing our Dupixent estimates and updating for recent U.S.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: further increasing our Dupixent estimates and updating for recent U.S.\nEffect: raising our fair value estimate for Regeneron to $500 from $473\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "28b7b74e"
    },
    {
      "context": "Tough German labor unions, in conjunction with political sympathy for domestic labor, could make it difficult for the company to rationalize capacity in its home market, if management should find it necessary.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Tough German labor unions, in conjunction with political sympathy for domestic labor\nEffect: it difficult for the company to rationalize capacity in its home market\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "ee10b895"
    },
    {
      "context": "We see some evidence of customer switching costs as technicians become familiar with Matco's platform, and we expect the firm's SaaS-based offerings to help grow the business' recurring revenue stream and increase customer stickiness in the long run.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: technicians become familiar with Matco's platform\nEffect: see some evidence of customer switching costs\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "0fe24548"
    },
    {
      "context": "We see some evidence of customer switching costs as technicians become familiar with Matco's platform, and we expect the firm's SaaS-based offerings to help grow the business' recurring revenue stream and increase customer stickiness in the long run.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the firm's SaaS-based offerings\nEffect: help grow the business' recurring revenue stream and increase customer stickiness in the long run\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "e255a537"
    },
    {
      "context": "According to DHS, these types of monitors are also preferable because they provide a nonintrusive means of screening people, vehicles, or other objects when testing for the presence of these materials, saving governments time and expense.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: they provide a nonintrusive means of screening people, vehicles, or other objects when testing for the presence of these materials, saving governments time and expense\nEffect: these types of monitors are also preferable\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "4b56f603"
    },
    {
      "context": "Furthermore, we think new emission regulation will likely be introduced gradually over the next decade. This will give LKQ time to continue evolving the sustainability of its operations and reducing its impact on the environment.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: new emission regulation will likely be introduced gradually over the next decade\nEffect: give LKQ time to continue evolving the sustainability of its operations and reducing its impact on the environment\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "b0117a25"
    },
    {
      "context": "We think the firm's legacy segment, asset intelligence and tracking, will grow at an annual rate of 5% after 2020, maintaining Zebra's share in the slower-growth barcode printing market.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the firm's legacy segment, asset intelligence and tracking, will grow at an annual rate of 5% after 2020,\nEffect: maintaining Zebra's share in the slower-growth barcode printing market\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "7a25dcf0"
    },
    {
      "context": "Amphenol competes against myriad competitors in the fragmented electrical component industry, but its broad array of end markets allows it to grow the top line even in the midst of an individual market downturn.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: its broad array of end markets\nEffect: it to grow the top line even in the midst of an individual market downturn\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "5f6d412e"
    },
    {
      "context": "Longer-acting products Aranesp and Neulasta were launched in 2001-02, just as the firm decided to acquire Immunex and bring immunology drug Enbrel into its portfolio. These highly profitable biologics continue to drive very strong Drug Manufacturers - Generalfree cash flows for the firm, generally around 40% of sales.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Longer-acting products Aranesp and Neulasta were launched in 2001-02, just as the firm decided to acquire Immunex and bring immunology drug Enbrel into its portfolio\nEffect: drive very strong Drug Manufacturers - Generalfree cash flows for the firm, generally around 40% of sales\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "16d888b7"
    },
    {
      "context": "The value of Tencent's network rises as more customers use WeChat and mobile QQ, and as usage per customer increases.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: more customers use WeChat and mobile QQ, and as usage per customer increases\nEffect: The value of Tencent's network rises\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "6b93cd0d"
    },
    {
      "context": "While we remain confident that Google will maintain its dominant position in the search market, a long-lasting downturn in online ad spending could have a negative impact on Alphabet's revenue and cash flow, resulting in a lower fair value estimate.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: a long-lasting downturn in online ad spending\nEffect: a negative impact on Alphabet's revenue and cash flow, resulting in a lower fair value estimate\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "af1492b2"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect returns on invested capital to hover just above the firm's cost of capital after the company's Cameron liquid natural gas export project came on line.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the company's Cameron liquid natural gas export project came on line\nEffect: returns on invested capital to hover just above the firm's cost of capital\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "086ec915"
    },
    {
      "context": "We think BCE will be less vulnerable than Telus to Shaw's Freedom Mobile due to its lack of overlapping wireline footprint in western Canada.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: lack of overlapping wireline footprint in western Canada\nEffect: BCE will be less vulnerable than Telus to Shaw's Freedom Mobile\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "82756b80"
    },
    {
      "context": "The most significant ESG risk the firm faces is human capital risk; that is, the risk that Ferguson is unable to adequately recruit, train, and retain the talent needed to sell its products and services and manage its supply chain, which could lead to lost market share.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: human capital risk\nEffect: lost market share\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "6ba63c98"
    },
    {
      "context": "KeyCite Overruling risk offers an even more valuable feature--flagging cases that have been subsequently overturned, helping to avoid one of the most damaging cases in the practice of law--that of citing bad precedents.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: KeyCite Overruling risk offers an even more valuable feature--flagging cases\nEffect: have been subsequently overturned, helping to avoid one of the most damaging cases in the practice of law--that of citing bad precedents\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "c70ddf48"
    },
    {
      "context": "The flip side of having a strong balance sheet is the risk that efforts to diversify the group away from print publishing and traditional advertising could fail or lead to overpaying for acquisitions.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: efforts to diversify the group away from print publishing and traditional advertising\nEffect: overpaying for acquisitions\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "c103a771"
    },
    {
      "context": "We think Hospira's experience from 2010-15 is strong evidence of this dynamic--despite recurring regulatory and manufacturing concerns that resulted in a full import ban on new pump sales from 2013-15, and safety-related regulatory concerns like this are the firm's key environment, social, and governance risk.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: recurring regulatory and manufacturing concerns\nEffect: a full import ban on new pump sales from 2013-15\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "0f55e987"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe Deutsche enjoys good client relationships in this segment and can offer a wide product portfolio tailored for corporate Treasuries, although we do not think this constitutes a defensible, structural competitive advantage.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Deutsche enjoys good client relationships in this segment\nEffect: offer a wide product portfolio tailored for corporate Treasuries\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "c19966d1"
    },
    {
      "context": "While the fast growth of natural and organic products creates potential for Hain to elevate its standing with retailers, we believe its current market positions are too small for the company to be considered a strategically important partner at present.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the fast growth of natural and organic products\nEffect: creates potential for Hain to elevate its standing with retailers\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "2069283c"
    },
    {
      "context": "While the fast growth of natural and organic products creates potential for Hain to elevate its standing with retailers, we believe its current market positions are too small for the company to be considered a strategically important partner at present.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: its current market positions are too small\nEffect: the company to be considered a strategically important partner at present\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "d116a22b"
    },
    {
      "context": "Also, the recent acquisition of Ceratti, a Brazil-based producer of deli products, gives Hormel access to the fast-growing Brazilian market.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the recent acquisition of Ceratti\nEffect: Hormel access to the fast-growing Brazilian market\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "1e130295"
    },
    {
      "context": "However, we now subscribe to the belief that the firm's procurement scale and leverage over advertising, technological, and administrative expenditures offers a sustainable cost advantage over peers.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: we now subscribe to the belief that the firm's procurement scale and leverage over advertising, technological, and administrative expenditures\nEffect: a sustainable cost advantage over peers\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "0e06f110"
    },
    {
      "context": "If depressed power prices weren't enough to deal with, management also has to navigate new carbon emission legislation that will phase out all coal-fired power plants in Alberta.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: \nEffect: depressed power prices weren't enough to deal with| management also has to navigate new carbon emission legislation\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "4d5381e4"
    },
    {
      "context": "If depressed power prices weren't enough to deal with, management also has to navigate new carbon emission legislation that will phase out all coal-fired power plants in Alberta.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: navigate new carbon emission legislation\nEffect: will phase out all coal-fired power plants in Alberta\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "df532b33"
    },
    {
      "context": "Its acquisition of SanDisk sets it up better than competitor Seagate, which has no NAND manufacturing capability, but compared to the duopoly in HDD leadership, flash is a fragmented market.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: has no NAND manufacturing capability\nEffect: Its acquisition of SanDisk sets it up better than competitor Seagate\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "5cbd7e35"
    },
    {
      "context": "If the two sides are unable to extend the lease, SQM would see a substantial decline in cash flows after 2030.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: If the two sides are unable to extend the lease\nEffect: SQM would see a substantial decline in cash flows after 2030\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "ea6a79aa"
    },
    {
      "context": "Given its engineering teams already know the ins and outs of the products (and may even be located on-site), Amphenol is better suited to codevelop new technologies or accommodate modifications, adding greater value than a potential replacement.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Given its engineering teams already know the ins and outs of the products\nEffect: Amphenol is better suited to codevelop new technologies or accommodate modifications, adding greater value than a potential replacement\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "32b46779"
    },
    {
      "context": "We think working with cheaper tools can cause headaches for technicians, given the higher risk of breaks and the additional money needed to replace broken tools.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the higher risk of breaks and the additional money needed to replace broken tools\nEffect: working with cheaper tools can cause headaches for technicians\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "dbd46080"
    },
    {
      "context": "We think working with cheaper tools can cause headaches for technicians, given the higher risk of breaks and the additional money needed to replace broken tools.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: working with cheaper tools\nEffect: headaches for technicians\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "6b6a8669"
    },
    {
      "context": "Additionally, customers using non-Parker parts in any piece of equipment purchased from a distributor without the express permission of the company voids that equipment's warranty.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: customers using non-Parker parts in any piece of equipment purchased from a distributor without the express permission of the company\nEffect: equipment's warranty\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "cb84fda7"
    },
    {
      "context": "Facebook has increased users and user engagement by providing additional features and apps to keep them engaged within the Facebook ecosystem.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: providing additional features and apps\nEffect: keep them engaged within the Facebook ecosystem\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "c80ac35b"
    },
    {
      "context": "Facebook has increased users and user engagement by providing additional features and apps to keep them engaged within the Facebook ecosystem.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: providing additional features and apps\nEffect: Facebook has increased users and user engagement\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "885729fc"
    },
    {
      "context": "On the other hand, we think Canon has developed a strong hook with customers on DSLR cameras, which prevents customers from choosing other brands when buying new products.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: Canon has developed a strong hook with customers on DSLR cameras\nEffect: customers from choosing other brands when buying new products\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "0969f49b"
    },
    {
      "context": "On the Service Desk side, however, Jira shines, as this solution is inexpensive compared with other leading peers, including ServiceNow, BMC (Remedy), and HP Enterprise.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: this solution is inexpensive compared with other leading peers\nEffect: Jira shines\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "d9508d04"
    },
    {
      "context": "While progress of smartphone cameras and the diffusion of high-end mirrorless interchangeable lens cameras is a threat to the business, we believe the combination of a DSLR camera and lenses produces the best-quality pictures, and thus solid demand for DSLRs will remain.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the combination of a DSLR camera and lenses produces the best-quality pictures\nEffect: solid demand for DSLRs will remain\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "49c0aaef"
    },
    {
      "context": "We also believe the segment can maintain its customer retention rates. As a result, we also model top-line organic growth at about 5% over the next 10 years, in line with our application software projections.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the segment can maintain its customer retention rates\nEffect: model top-line organic growth at about 5% over the next 10 years, in line with our application software projections\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "b8bfcc4b"
    },
    {
      "context": "We also believe Accenture benefits from high customer switching costs as its key customers are loath to switch service providers for large or ongoing contracts.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: its key customers are loath to switch service providers for large or ongoing contracts\nEffect: Accenture benefits from high customer switching costs\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "f8f54821"
    },
    {
      "context": "Android may also benefit from switching costs, as apps purchased on Google Play would have to be replicated on iOS, but we also do not see such costs as overwhelming.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: apps purchased on Google Play would have to be replicated on iOS\nEffect: Android may also benefit from switching costs\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "cd97bdf5"
    },
    {
      "context": "Because Fastenal has national scale, a global reach, and a robust portfolio of products and inventory-management services, it's well positioned to capitalize on this trend and take share from smaller local and regional distributors that do not have the scale to profitably service these customers.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Because Fastenal has national scale, a global reach, and a robust portfolio of products and inventory-management services,\nEffect: it's well positioned to capitalize on this trend and take share from smaller local and regional distributors that do not have the scale to profitably service these customers.\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "fb4fe371"
    },
    {
      "context": "These benefits come at a cost because diesel engines experience much higher cylinder pressures than gasoline engines and therefore require beefed-up components, such as heavier engine blocks.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: diesel engines experience much higher cylinder pressures\nEffect: require beefed-up components\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "1857ceb8"
    },
    {
      "context": "However, massive share erosion has occurred in 2020, as a result of factory shutdowns and dealer closures (due to COVID-19) as well as the push back of product launches until Spring 2021.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: factory shutdowns and dealer closures (due to COVID-19) as well as the push back of product launches until Spring 2021\nEffect: massive share erosion has occurred in 2020\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "def3b9d8"
    },
    {
      "context": "The extensive bottling and distribution network yields symbiotic benefits to the firm's market share, as innovative products can be scaled broadly, helping to maintain consumer awareness of its brands.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: innovative products can be scaled broadly\nEffect: maintain consumer awareness of its brands\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "e382c2ad"
    },
    {
      "context": "The extensive bottling and distribution network yields symbiotic benefits to the firm's market share, as innovative products can be scaled broadly, helping to maintain consumer awareness of its brands.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: The extensive bottling and distribution network\nEffect: symbiotic benefits to the firm's market share\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "15ecb430"
    },
    {
      "context": "Packaged-goods manufacturers have taken advantage of the recently benign commodity cost environment to lower prices in some markets, a strategy designed to help mitigate the loss of middle-market retailers to both discounters and high-end stores, but it has weighed on most manufacturers' organic growth.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Packaged-goods manufacturers have taken advantage of the recently benign commodity cost environment to lower prices in some markets\nEffect: mitigate the loss of middle-market retailers to both discounters and high-end stores\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "bed56013"
    },
    {
      "context": "Packaged-goods manufacturers have taken advantage of the recently benign commodity cost environment to lower prices in some markets, a strategy designed to help mitigate the loss of middle-market retailers to both discounters and high-end stores, but it has weighed on most manufacturers' organic growth.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: Packaged-goods manufacturers have taken advantage of the recently benign commodity cost environment to lower prices in some markets\nEffect: most manufacturers' organic growth\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "fb26f512"
    },
    {
      "context": "PSEG's nuclear fleet benefits from New Jersey subsidies that ensure stable margins as the state moves toward its 100% renewable energy goal by 2050.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: New Jersey subsidies\nEffect: stable margins\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "f4d41059"
    },
    {
      "context": "In terms of switching costs, commercial banks have the advantage of being able to sell their clients a comprehensive suite of products, reducing sensitivity to interest paid on deposits as clients prefer the ease of maintaining all accounts in the same place.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: clients prefer the ease of maintaining all accounts in the same place\nEffect: commercial banks have the advantage of being able to sell their clients a comprehensive suite of products, reducing sensitivity to interest paid on deposits\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "8aee6e1a"
    },
    {
      "context": "Coty is also lagging peers regarding its e-commerce efforts, as a high-teens percent of Coty's revenue is captured online, compared with 22% for Estee Lauder and 16% for L'Oreal.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: a high-teens percent of Coty's revenue is captured online, compared with 22% for Estee Lauder and 16% for L'Oreal\nEffect: Coty is also lagging peers regarding its e-commerce efforts\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "e60eb989"
    },
    {
      "context": "In France, for example, tax credits have been put in place to lower employer payroll expenses to improve competitiveness, and we assume employers will continue to outsource recruiting to global staffers such as Manpower.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: tax credits have been put in place to lower employer payroll expenses\nEffect: improve competitiveness\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "e496d4f9"
    },
    {
      "context": "Imax lowered the conversion time for a film from 16 weeks to one week, allowing Imax DMR to be released at the same time as standard films in multiple markets.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Imax lowered the conversion time for a film from 16 weeks to one week\nEffect: allowing Imax DMR to be released at the same time as standard films in multiple markets\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "282043a4"
    },
    {
      "context": "Being a wealth management firm, LPL has earnings that are highly exposed to changes in the stock market and interest rates.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Being a wealth management firm\nEffect: LPL has earnings that are highly exposed to changes in the stock market and interest rates\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "a22e5772"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe there are several other ways that Tim Hortons can leverage its brand to drive greater unit-level productivity at its Canada locations, many of which are analogous to improvements in the Burger King system. These include expanded daypart penetration outside the breakfast and coffee categories, product innovations, a wider selection of take-home coffee products (including additional single-serve products), reimaging efforts, and increased use of technology as a customer acquisition and throughput tool.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: These include expanded daypart penetration outside the breakfast and coffee categories, product innovations, a wider selection of take-home coffee products (including additional single-serve products), reimaging efforts, and increased use of technology as a customer acquisition and throughput tool\nEffect: We believe there are several other ways that Tim Hortons can leverage its brand to drive greater unit-level productivity at its Canada locations, many of which are analogous to improvements in the Burger King system\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "b0ce94b8"
    },
    {
      "context": "Given the dominant position of rating agencies, over the long run, it is possible that S&P and Moody's could draw scrutiny from antitrust officials.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the dominant position of rating agencies, over the long run\nEffect: it is possible that S&P and Moody's could draw scrutiny from antitrust officials\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "d18a94a6"
    },
    {
      "context": "The Ionis portfolio is a mix of partnerships and wholly owned projects, and outsourcing the higher-cost clinical trials to partners helps the firm avoid major value destruction, even if several programs fail to reach the market.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: outsourcing the higher-cost clinical trials to partners\nEffect: the firm avoid major value destruction\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "c6219bca"
    },
    {
      "context": "Risks around additional waves of COVID-19 cases and elongated time until effective treatments and vaccines are globally available remains, which could delay our forecast recovery in demand.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Risks around additional waves of COVID-19 cases and elongated time until effective treatments and vaccines are globally available remains\nEffect: delay our forecast recovery in demand\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "af108928"
    },
    {
      "context": "In addition, CME's position within S&P futures likely contributed to the exchange's ability to attract additional equity index futures license agreements for the Nasdaq and Russell 2000 indexes, which returned to CME Group in 2017.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: CME's position within S&P futures\nEffect: contributed to the exchange's ability to attract additional equity index futures license agreements for the Nasdaq and Russell 2000 indexes\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "7ccdec81"
    },
    {
      "context": "But we expect the gross margin to improve as more consumers consume JD's goods and services and JD's bargaining power against suppliers increases.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: more consumers consume JD's goods and services and JD's bargaining power against suppliers increases\nEffect: the gross margin to improve\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "b88fc7df"
    },
    {
      "context": "Additionally, boats are big-ticket items, and a slowdown in the global economy could hamper replacement and adoption rates for these recreational products.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: a slowdown in the global economy\nEffect: replacement and adoption rates for these recreational products\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "694dd16f"
    },
    {
      "context": "The low value/weight characteristics of construction materials demand local production, which creates regional markets and limited benefits from multinational M&A.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: The low value/weight characteristics of construction materials demand local production\nEffect: creates regional markets and limited benefits from multinational M&A\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "bf31c079"
    },
    {
      "context": "Sophisticated IT systems and market know-how enable customers to outsource intermodal shipping to an expert specialist, while Hub's large volume of loads and significant control of containers make it an attractive customer to the Class I railroads.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Sophisticated IT systems and market know-how\nEffect: outsource intermodal shipping to an expert specialist\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "bd016761"
    },
    {
      "context": "Sophisticated IT systems and market know-how enable customers to outsource intermodal shipping to an expert specialist, while Hub's large volume of loads and significant control of containers make it an attractive customer to the Class I railroads.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Hub's large volume of loads and significant control of containers\nEffect: an attractive customer to the Class I railroads\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "ffbfeeda"
    },
    {
      "context": "Second, there are many large private-label categories (like small-format water) where Treehouse has no presence. Consequently, one could argue that the total private-label food and beverage industry is not representative of the company's true addressable market.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: there are many large private-label categories (like small-format water) where Treehouse has no presence\nEffect: one could argue that the total private-label food and beverage industry is not representative of the company's true addressable market\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "c10a4f14"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe that the recent regulations will continue to marginalize smaller players, which may continue to benefit large players such as TAL and EDU.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the recent regulations will continue to marginalize smaller players\nEffect: benefit large players such as TAL and EDU\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "0dc5c321"
    },
    {
      "context": "As loans roll out of forbearance, particularly in consumer credit and consumer mortgage (which represents about one third of the loan book), we anticipate pressure as credit costs adjust to reflect underlying consumer health.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: loans roll out of forbearance, particularly in consumer credit and consumer mortgage (which represents about one third of the loan book)\nEffect: pressure as credit costs adjust to reflect underlying consumer health\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "014029e7"
    },
    {
      "context": "In the next 10 years, we expect operating margins to increase from 2020's 17.3% to 18.2%, driven by improvements in the international segments.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: improvements in the international segments\nEffect: operating margins to increase from 2020's 17.3% to 18.2%\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "377b0ead"
    },
    {
      "context": "Starbucks' position as a premium vendor of coffee, tea, and refresher beverages is widely recognized, as it has historically managed its positioning to avoid finding itself caught between discount competitors like Dunkin' and McDonald's McCaf\u8305 platform on the low end and specialty independent shops on the high end.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: it has historically managed its positioning to avoid finding itself caught between discount competitors like Dunkin' and McDonald's McCaf\u8305 platform on the low end and specialty independent shops on the high end\nEffect: Starbucks' position as a premium vendor of coffee, tea, and refresher beverages is widely recognized\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "ba56193c"
    },
    {
      "context": "As such, we expect gross margins to gradually recover over the next 10 years as the firm improves the profitability of the Eby-Brown business with purchasing synergies, and customer and product mix benefits.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: purchasing synergies, and customer and product mix benefits\nEffect: we expect gross margins to gradually recover over the next 10 years as the firm improves the profitability of the Eby-Brown business\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "93bac67d"
    },
    {
      "context": "The company is subject to risk from underutilizing capacity, which is more likely in the event of an economic downturn or decline in biopharma funding.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: an economic downturn or decline in biopharma funding\nEffect: The company is subject to risk from underutilizing capacity\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "39de872a"
    },
    {
      "context": "We think the low resistance potential and pan-genotypic efficacy of Gilead's regimens will allow the firm to retain close to 40% of the global HCV market in the long run, despite competition from AbbVie and Merck.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the low resistance potential and pan-genotypic efficacy of Gilead's regimens\nEffect: the firm to retain close to 40% of the global HCV market in the long run\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "5149a2c8"
    },
    {
      "context": "These strengths have helped Home Depot deliver adjusted average returns on invested capital, excluding goodwill, of 37% during the past five years, benefiting from operational excellence at its core namesake business.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: operational excellence at its core namesake business\nEffect: These strengths have helped Home Depot deliver adjusted average returns on invested capital, excluding goodwil\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "1bf18eaf"
    },
    {
      "context": "However, in 2012 the Federal government began to make cuts to Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement increases, reducing revenue growth and reducing profits to an even greater degree due to the thin margins for the industry.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the thin margins for the industry\nEffect: in 2012 the Federal government began to make cuts to Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement increases, reducing revenue growth and reducing profits to an even greater degree\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "bb537670"
    },
    {
      "context": "Because of the third-party broker arrangement, there is little opportunity for Vornado to directly influence a leasing decision, and leasing terms tend to be specified to meet client needs and reflect current market rates coordinated through the brokers.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the third-party broker arrangement\nEffect: there is little opportunity for Vornado to directly influence a leasing decision, and leasing terms tend to be specified to meet client needs and reflect current market rates coordinated through the brokers\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "31cf3bff"
    },
    {
      "context": "Due to decreasing reliance on its personnel base, we assume Accenture will benefit from some operating leverage on the SG&A line, aiding in operating margin expansion from 14.7% in fiscal 2020 to 15.9% in fiscal 2025.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: decreasing reliance on its personnel base\nEffect: Accenture will benefit from some operating leverage on the SG&A line\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "3e4db721"
    },
    {
      "context": "Due to decreasing reliance on its personnel base, we assume Accenture will benefit from some operating leverage on the SG&A line, aiding in operating margin expansion from 14.7% in fiscal 2020 to 15.9% in fiscal 2025.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Accenture will benefit from some operating leverage on the SG&A line\nEffect: operating margin expansion from 14.7% in fiscal 2020 to 15.9% in fiscal 2025\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "8047738d"
    },
    {
      "context": "In particular, the risk from carbon emissions is most likely to materialize through some form of carbon pricing, which can increase the price of end products to consumers and reduce demand for oil and gas over time.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the risk from carbon emissions is most likely to materialize through some form of carbon pricing\nEffect: increase the price of end products to consumers and reduce demand for oil and gas over time\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "7397219d"
    },
    {
      "context": "Management has said that with the addition of Ellie Mae, it expects its mortgage technology segment to achieve annual revenue growth of 8% to 10%.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: with the addition of Ellie Mae\nEffect: it expects its mortgage technology segment to achieve annual revenue growth of 8% to 10%\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "dcf0487d"
    },
    {
      "context": "But even this modest impact overstates the economic reality, as much of the decline in growth is expected to come from a fall-off in deconversion fees, given that M&A activity among banks has declined significantly due to the uncertainty created by COVID-19.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the uncertainty created by COVID-19.\nEffect: M&A activity among banks has declined significantly\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "6313f14f"
    },
    {
      "context": "But even this modest impact overstates the economic reality, as much of the decline in growth is expected to come from a fall-off in deconversion fees, given that M&A activity among banks has declined significantly due to the uncertainty created by COVID-19.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: M&A activity among banks has declined significantly\nEffect: much of the decline in growth is expected to come from a fall-off in deconversion fees\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "fcc8453e"
    },
    {
      "context": "Manpower's focus on mostly national and multinational large-sized businesses (60% of 2020 revenue) weakens the advantage of its large database of resumes because large businesses have more bargaining power compared with small- and medium-sized businesses.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Manpower's focus on mostly national and multinational large-sized businesses (60% of 2020 revenue)\nEffect: weakens the advantage of its large database of resumes because large businesses have more bargaining power compared with small- and medium-sized businesses\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "3b47198d"
    },
    {
      "context": "As we expect Vontier to follow the Danaher and Fortive business model and continue to drive growth through M&A, another threat to our thesis is acquisition risk as the company could overpay for acquisitions and experience challenges integrating acquired companies.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: we expect Vontier to follow the Danaher and Fortive business model and continue to drive growth through M&A\nEffect: another threat to our thesis is acquisition risk\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "702ff1cd"
    },
    {
      "context": "As we expect Vontier to follow the Danaher and Fortive business model and continue to drive growth through M&A, another threat to our thesis is acquisition risk as the company could overpay for acquisitions and experience challenges integrating acquired companies.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the company could overpay for acquisitions and experience challenges integrating acquired companies\nEffect: another threat to our thesis is acquisition risk\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "335f0066"
    },
    {
      "context": "Some of the most vulnerable areas of risk would include the high quality standards that labs must follow to ensure results are accurate and valid, as well as the possibility of getting caught up in Medicare fraud through incorrect or overbilling.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Some of the most vulnerable areas of risk would include the high quality standards that labs must follow to| as well as the possibility of getting caught up in Medicare fraud through incorrect or overbilling\nEffect: ensure results are accurate and valid\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "dd3771a0"
    },
    {
      "context": "The toy industry was historically more capital-intensive than traditional retailing, given manufacturing demands, but Hasbro embarked on an asset light strategy in the prior decade (as of 2015, Hasbro no longer manufactured its own product, divesting its last facilities to Cartamundi), which improved working capital demands.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: manufacturing demands, but Hasbro embarked on an asset light strategy in the prior decade\nEffect: improved working capital demands\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "99ff3d47"
    },
    {
      "context": "While the barriers to entry are not significant for the industry, the barriers to success are extremely high--as it takes time and skill to not only put together a long enough record of investment performance to start gathering assets but to build the scale necessary to be competitive.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: it takes time and skill to not only put together a long enough record of investment performance to start gathering assets but to build the scale necessary to be competitive\nEffect: the barriers to success are extremely high\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "99ca6140"
    },
    {
      "context": "In the near term, claims losses associated with the coronavirus will pressure underwriting profitability, but we expect better pricing to allow for some improvement in underwriting results over time, and lower investment yields will necessitate better underwriting margins.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: better pricing\nEffect: improvement in underwriting results over time\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "c41fb14a"
    },
    {
      "context": "Pentair derives roughly two thirds of its revenue from aftermarket service and replacement parts, which are largely tied to its large installed base.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: its large installed base\nEffect: Pentair derives roughly two thirds of its revenue from aftermarket service and replacement parts\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "7e70f83d"
    },
    {
      "context": "In the mobile payment segment, as Weixin's user base expands, more users will adopt Weixin Pay, which is embedded in Weixin, and in turn, more merchants will accept Weixin Pay.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Weixin's user base expands\nEffect: more users will adopt Weixin Pay\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "8c5cd1b4"
    },
    {
      "context": "We project that the firm will able to continue to expand its gross margins to 76.7% by fiscal 2025 as the percentage of revenue from microtransactions and digital downloads continues to increase.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the percentage of revenue from microtransactions and digital downloads continues to increase\nEffect: project that the firm will able to continue to expand its gross margins to 76.7%\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "b789056f"
    },
    {
      "context": "IQVIA easily belongs in the top tier of large, global CROs with the infrastructure to win these contracts, and its size means it works on more clinical trials than any competitor, further sharpening its clinical and regulatory expertise and network of clients.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: IQVIA easily belongs in the top tier of large, global CROs with the infrastructure to win these contracts\nEffect: further sharpening its clinical and regulatory expertise and network of clients\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "bfbe195b"
    },
    {
      "context": "With our outlook for sales growth dim, we think enhancing profitability is Lumen's best path to improved financial performance.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: outlook for sales growth dim\nEffect: enhancing profitability is Lumen's best path to improved financial performance\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "2c4305df"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe operating margin will reach 16.3% in 2023 as it captures more high margin services revenue before declining to a midcycle level of over 15.4% in 2025.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: it captures more high margin services revenue before declining to a midcycle level of over 15.4% in 2025\nEffect: We believe operating margin will reach 16.3% in 2023\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "6e061440"
    },
    {
      "context": "Should the company be unable to bring its projects on line on time, it would be unlikely to maintain its historical production levels.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the company be unable to bring its projects on line on time\nEffect: it would be unlikely to maintain its historical production levels\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "05d0acd3"
    },
    {
      "context": "A focus on debt repayment post the 2015-16 downturn, and current stronger commodity prices and earnings, see BHP in strong financial shape.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: A focus on debt repayment post the 2015-16 downturn, and current stronger commodity prices and earnings\nEffect: BHP in strong financial shape\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "940a6a1a"
    },
    {
      "context": "The top lens manufacturers mandate that retailers sell their product above the same minimum price, which leads to almost all retailers setting their respective prices at this price floor, though most manufacturers offer volume-based rebates to optometrists to foster clinician brand loyalty.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: most manufacturers offer volume-based rebates to optometrists\nEffect: foster clinician brand loyalty\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "7a157c1c"
    },
    {
      "context": "The top lens manufacturers mandate that retailers sell their product above the same minimum price, which leads to almost all retailers setting their respective prices at this price floor, though most manufacturers offer volume-based rebates to optometrists to foster clinician brand loyalty.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: The top lens manufacturers mandate that retailers sell their product above the same minimum price\nEffect: almost all retailers setting their respective prices at this price floor\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "38d6df32"
    },
    {
      "context": "That said, were Buffett to focus on buying more asset-light companies with fewer capital investment needs, it would have left his successors with even greater amounts of cash to have to reinvest annually in the longer term.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Buffett to focus on buying more asset-light companies with fewer capital investment needs\nEffect: it would have left his successors with even greater amounts of cash to have to reinvest annually in the longer term\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "c42c6f17"
    },
    {
      "context": "Moreover, we do not see a sufficiently discernible cost advantage that would expand the avenues through which Monster could reinforce its competitive positioning and give us more confidence in the sustainability of its economic rents.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: a sufficiently discernible cost advantage\nEffect: Monster could reinforce its competitive positioning and give us more confidence in the sustainability of its economic rents\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "c929fff2"
    },
    {
      "context": "Second, once Coupa's software is integrated, switching over to a new platform would give rise to business disruption and operational risk, potentially leading to inefficiencies and data loss.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: once Coupa's software is integrated, switching over to a new platform would give rise to business disruption and operational risk\nEffect: inefficiencies and data loss\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "b4528de5"
    },
    {
      "context": "We had long viewed legacy Ingersoll Rand's climate business as more attractive than its industrial segment because the former has generally been more profitable and less cyclical.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the former has generally been more profitable and less cyclical\nEffect: We had long viewed legacy Ingersoll Rand's climate business as more attractive than its industrial segment\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "6eda2fdc"
    },
    {
      "context": "In 2019, pricing in primary lines also started to improve, and commentary from carriers suggests that this trend has only gained more momentum in 2020, as coronavirus-related claims appear to be acting as an additional prompt.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: coronavirus-related claims appear to be acting as an additional prompt\nEffect: In 2019, pricing in primary lines also started to improve, and commentary from carriers suggests that this trend has only gained more momentum in 2020\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "72c2c042"
    },
    {
      "context": "Excluding storm impacts, the Direct Energy acquisition doubles NRG's retail business, which has remained surprisingly strong throughout the coronavirus pandemic.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the Direct Energy acquisition\nEffect: doubles NRG's retail business\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "69e66419"
    },
    {
      "context": "A bottler trying to increase prices 10% is a much more precarious proposition, given defensive retailers' razor-thin margins and the likelihood that this will result in a substantial price increase for the end consumer should the retailer not absorb the cost.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: defensive retailers' razor-thin margins and the likelihood\nEffect: a substantial price increase for the end consumer should the retailer not absorb the cost\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "a188acd0"
    },
    {
      "context": "Our forecast implies market share gains due to the combined businesses of Icon and PRA and results in a five-year projected revenue compound annual growth rate of about 27%, including the impact of the PRA acquisition, which is expected to close in third-quarter 2021.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the combined businesses of Icon and PRA and results in a five-year projected revenue compound annual growth rate\nEffect: implies market share gains\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "d2127583"
    },
    {
      "context": "Overall, staffing demand ebbs and flows with economic activity as employers reduce or add workers based on demand for their services and on business sentiment.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: employers reduce or add workers based on demand for their services and on business sentiment\nEffect: staffing demand ebbs and flows with economic activity\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "ad53d093"
    },
    {
      "context": "Over the long term, we believe mid-single-digit revenue growth, driven by GDP and pricing, is a reasonable expectation for MIS.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: GDP and pricing, is a reasonable expectation for MIS\nEffect: mid-single-digit revenue growth\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "834e0664"
    },
    {
      "context": "RingCentral has reported that it is already operating above 30% non-GAAP operating margins in the small to midsize business market and that it believes it can achieve higher margins as it moves upmarket.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: it moves upmarket\nEffect: it can achieve higher margins\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "7bcf734e"
    },
    {
      "context": "Instead of generating automated emails, the company now must automate purchases of banner and display ads on mobile apps and web pages. This pits Alliance Data Systems against the major ad agencies, which in many cases are already working with the company's biggest customers.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Instead of generating automated emails, the company now must automate purchases of banner and display ads on mobile apps and web pages\nEffect: pits Alliance Data Systems against the major ad agencies, which in many cases are already working with the company's biggest customers\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "99eabe9a"
    },
    {
      "context": "Under ingestion pricing, businesses were paying for the amount of data they were inputting into Splunk's products, while under workload-based pricing, they will be able to import as much data as they desire and pay for the computing capacity they use to analyze and monitor the data.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: ingestion pricing\nEffect: businesses were paying for the amount of data they were inputting into Splunk's products\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "2a5a4607"
    },
    {
      "context": "Under ingestion pricing, businesses were paying for the amount of data they were inputting into Splunk's products, while under workload-based pricing, they will be able to import as much data as they desire and pay for the computing capacity they use to analyze and monitor the data.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: workload-based pricing\nEffect: be able to import as much data as they desire and pay for the computing capacity they use to analyze and monitor the data\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "9b373467"
    },
    {
      "context": "Moreover, unlike CSDs, premium stock-keeping units tend to be offered by a litany of smaller competitors in addition to the large incumbents, and consequently there is much more fragmentation at the high end.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: premium stock-keeping units tend to be offered by a litany of smaller competitors\nEffect: more fragmentation at the high end\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "f1cf908b"
    },
    {
      "context": "Europe has several rail OEMs, including Alstom and Siemens, and MT's competitive position on the Continent should help it capture additional project wins.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: MT's competitive position on the Continent\nEffect: it capture additional project wins\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "ee765fe2"
    },
    {
      "context": "Furthermore, while populous metropolitan areas are the centers of construction activity, new quarry permits are difficult to obtain as a result of not-in-my-backyard tendencies.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: not-in-my-backyard tendencies\nEffect: new quarry permits are difficult to obtain\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "f6993caf"
    },
    {
      "context": "However, we believe that Swiss banks remain attractive to the world's elite for two main reasons: first, Swiss neutrality; and second, the Swiss franc.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Swiss neutrality| the Swiss franc.\nEffect: Swiss banks remain attractive to the world's elite\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "9f5f1190"
    },
    {
      "context": "As Uber benefits from its network effect, we think it gains access to valuable intangible assets in the form of user data, which we suspect helps the firm improve its services and increase its vehicles' capacity utilization.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Uber benefits from its network effect\nEffect: it gains access to valuable intangible assets in the form of user data\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "3bceaf01"
    },
    {
      "context": "As Uber benefits from its network effect, we think it gains access to valuable intangible assets in the form of user data, which we suspect helps the firm improve its services and increase its vehicles' capacity utilization.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: it gains access to valuable intangible assets in the form of user data\nEffect: the firm improve its services and increase its vehicles' capacity utilization\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "ae399cb5"
    },
    {
      "context": "The severity of the Great Recession spurred a decline in patient volume across most specialties in 2009-13, as consumers delayed seeking healthcare (especially for nonacute and nonsymptomatic conditions).",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: consumers delayed seeking healthcare (especially for nonacute and nonsymptomatic conditions)\nEffect: The severity of the Great Recession spurred a decline in patient volume across most specialties in 2009-13\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "ae3da697"
    },
    {
      "context": "Walmart's broad distribution network in the United States that encompasses urban, suburban, and rural markets, coupled with access to international customers in a variety of locales, makes it a particularly attractive partner for vendors with broad product portfolios targeted toward global and regional tastes.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Walmart's broad distribution network in the United States that encompasses urban, suburban, and rural markets, coupled with access to international customers in a variety of locales\nEffect: it a particularly attractive partner for vendors with broad product portfolios targeted toward global and regional tastes\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "b0f53100"
    },
    {
      "context": "We think the company's strong distribution network will support its ability to keep order fulfillment rates high in both aftermarket and salvage products.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the company's strong distribution network\nEffect: its ability to keep order fulfillment rates high in both aftermarket and salvage products\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "0531544a"
    },
    {
      "context": "Based on the higher-than-average volatility of cash flows and Insulet's heavy reliance on one product, we rate the firm's uncertainty as high.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the higher-than-average volatility of cash flows and Insulet's heavy reliance on one product\nEffect: we rate the firm's uncertainty as high\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "1c528e6d"
    },
    {
      "context": "We think oil and gas capital expenditures will increase, following the temporary demand shock in oil due to the COVID-19 pandemic.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the COVID-19 pandemic\nEffect: the temporary demand shock in oil\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "7ea54fca"
    },
    {
      "context": "We think oil and gas capital expenditures will increase, following the temporary demand shock in oil due to the COVID-19 pandemic.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the temporary demand shock in oil\nEffect: oil and gas capital expenditures will increase\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "9c3f3a83"
    },
    {
      "context": "The growth in wealth will increasingly come from emerging markets, where competition is less intense, and the safety and diversification offered by a Swiss private banking account present an attractive option for investors from volatile regions.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the safety and diversification offered by a Swiss private banking account\nEffect: an attractive option for investors from volatile regions\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "1f1a0cd7"
    },
    {
      "context": "Thanks to secular and technological trends driving increased connectivity, emissions, safety, and efficiency standards, demand for Littelfuse's products has been very strong over the five years.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: secular and technological trends\nEffect: increased connectivity, emissions, safety, and efficiency standards\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "dd4393e9"
    },
    {
      "context": "Thanks to secular and technological trends driving increased connectivity, emissions, safety, and efficiency standards, demand for Littelfuse's products has been very strong over the five years.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: increased connectivity, emissions, safety, and efficiency standards\nEffect: demand for Littelfuse's products has been very strong over the five years\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "402c377f"
    },
    {
      "context": "Intel's cost advantage is manifested via large scale semiconductor fabrication facilities that cost $20 billion-plus and create significant barriers to entry.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Intel's cost advantage\nEffect: create significant barriers to entry\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "07fe8913"
    },
    {
      "context": "Intel's cost advantage is manifested via large scale semiconductor fabrication facilities that cost $20 billion-plus and create significant barriers to entry.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: large scale semiconductor fabrication facilities that cost $20 billion-plus\nEffect: Intel's cost advantage\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "d8e7afd1"
    },
    {
      "context": "In the meantime, we expect the company to continue investing in emission-reducing solutions for its diesel trucks, providing customers a strong product to meet stringent emission standards.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the company to continue investing in emission-reducing solutions for its diesel trucks\nEffect: customers a strong product to meet stringent emission standards\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "35ab0afc"
    },
    {
      "context": "In our base case, we assume contractual rent growth and releasing spreads decline in New York City due to significant class A supply additions on the island of Manhattan and a coronavirus-related downturn.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: significant class A supply additions on the island of Manhattan and a coronavirus-related downturn\nEffect: In our base case, we assume contractual rent growth and releasing spreads decline in New York City\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "75fd136b"
    },
    {
      "context": "Its brand intangible asset has historically been the supporting factor in its top- and bottom-line growth, as its ability to drive repeat business relies on customer loyalty and smart marketing and merchandising.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: its ability to drive repeat business relies on customer loyalty and smart marketing and merchandising\nEffect: Its brand intangible asset has historically been the supporting factor in its top- and bottom-line growth\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "38263084"
    },
    {
      "context": "Although a complete retooling of a supply chain such that food completely bypasses grocery stores would be a boon for Americold, we have yet to see evidence of such a dynamic.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: a complete retooling of a supply chain such that food completely bypasses grocery stores\nEffect: a boon for Americold\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "7f0cbc62"
    },
    {
      "context": "Technicians purchase tools at their own expense, making it important for them to buy strong-performing tools built for daily use.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Technicians purchase tools at their own expense\nEffect: buy strong-performing tools built for daily use\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "f6670e87"
    },
    {
      "context": "While we expect the segment will continue gain leverage on its sales, we project that gross margins will continue to remain below 44% over the next five years. As a result, we expect the consolidated operating margin for Sirius XM will rebound from the low of 21% in 2019 but will take until 2025 to match the 30% level of 2018.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: While we expect the segment will continue gain leverage on its sales, we project that gross margins will continue to remain below 44% over the next five years\nEffect: the consolidated operating margin for Sirius XM will rebound from the low of 21% in 2019 but will take until 2025 to match the 30% level of 2018\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "ab5922e1"
    },
    {
      "context": "Consumers' ever-increasing need for mobile data results and little geographic overlap with competitors results in normalized churn of about 1%.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Consumers' ever-increasing need for mobile data results and little geographic overlap with competitors\nEffect: normalized churn of about 1%\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "66b6d27c"
    },
    {
      "context": "Our largest concern with the printing market is the overall trend of screen reading replacing printed pages, and we do not believe HP's initiatives can offset the macro trend.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: we do not believe HP's initiatives can offset the macro trend\nEffect: Our largest concern with the printing market is the overall trend of screen reading replacing printed pages\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "d4be8e06"
    },
    {
      "context": "Vulcan's largest states by revenue--Texas, California, Virginia, Georgia, and Florida--have significant road spending needs and strong finances to support high growth.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: significant road spending needs and strong finances\nEffect: support high growth\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "4a970e9b"
    },
    {
      "context": "With consumer traffic growing from 16 million average monthly users in 2016 to over 36 million in 2019, we think it is clear the platform is gaining momentum.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: consumer traffic growing from 16 million average monthly users in 2016 to over 36 million in 2019\nEffect: the platform is gaining momentum\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "4229763b"
    },
    {
      "context": "In a similar vein, Discover has reduced its investment in its debt consolidation business as it believes the competition in that industry has become too intense for it to generate the kinds of returns it is accustomed to.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: it believes the competition in that industry has become too intense for it to generate the kinds of returns it is accustomed to\nEffect: Discover has reduced its investment in its debt consolidation business\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "0133640a"
    },
    {
      "context": "Bayer faces heightened market risks as it is launching several new drugs that hold strong potential if the market embraces the new treatments.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: launching several new drugs\nEffect: hold strong potential if the market embraces the new treatments\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "9bc8eb2f"
    },
    {
      "context": "In the near term, ConvaTec faces considerable operational risk as it transitions more of its manufacturing to lower-cost locations, re-engineers manufacturing processes, recovers from recalls, and navigates the process of management change.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: it transitions more of its manufacturing to lower-cost locations, re-engineers manufacturing processes, recovers from recalls, and navigates the process of management change\nEffect: ConvaTec faces considerable operational risk\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "2a013148"
    },
    {
      "context": "Wireless penetration stood at nearly 140% in 2015 as consumers regularly carried multiple carrier accounts to take advantage of whichever one was offering the best rates at any point in time.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: consumers regularly carried multiple carrier accounts to take advantage of whichever one was offering the best rates at any point in time\nEffect: Wireless penetration stood at nearly 140% in 2015\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "0467c8b2"
    },
    {
      "context": "Finally, we view the likelihood of sustained economic value creation as quite high for the restaurant brand, which finds itself on the leading edge of most of the changes we expect to impact the restaurant industry over the medium to long term.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: on the leading edge of most of the changes we expect to impact the restaurant industry\nEffect: the likelihood of sustained economic value creation as quite high for the restaurant brand\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "b7547885"
    },
    {
      "context": "Finally, we view the likelihood of sustained economic value creation as quite high for the restaurant brand, which finds itself on the leading edge of most of the changes we expect to impact the restaurant industry over the medium to long term.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the restaurant brand\nEffect: sustained economic value creation\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "342b6f0b"
    },
    {
      "context": "Since gas typically represents only a fraction of total costs, customers are often willing to pay a premium and enter into long-term contracts with reputable distributors to ensure uninterrupted supply. As such, public industrial gas companies have historically earned returns in excess of their cost of capital, and we believe these lucrative profits will persist.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: gas typically represents only a fraction of total costs, customers are often willing to pay a premium and enter into long-term contracts with reputable distributors to ensure uninterrupted supply\nEffect: public industrial gas companies have historically earned returns in excess of their cost of capital, and we believe these lucrative profits will persist\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "a6eab1dc"
    },
    {
      "context": "The spread of risk from government to contractor puts a cap on the margins that may be earned by the industry but limits cyclicality at the same time.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: The spread of risk from government to contractor puts a cap on the margins\nEffect: may be earned by the industry but limits cyclicality at the same time\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "39756d00"
    },
    {
      "context": "We forecast adjusted EBITDA margins (based on our calculations) to increase from 40% in 2020 to 44% by 2025 as SS&C continues to realize expense synergies.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: SS&C continues to realize expense synergies\nEffect: We forecast adjusted EBITDA margins (based on our calculations) to increase from 40% in 2020 to 44% by 2025\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "abf09e53"
    },
    {
      "context": "Also, we expect the streamlining of operations, cost-cutting and gains in high margin specialty drugs to offset falling Lantus pricing in the U.S., resulting in operating margin expansion over the next three years.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: the streamlining of operations, cost-cutting and gains in high margin specialty drugs\nEffect: falling Lantus pricing in the U.S.\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "e701a326"
    },
    {
      "context": "Also, we expect the streamlining of operations, cost-cutting and gains in high margin specialty drugs to offset falling Lantus pricing in the U.S., resulting in operating margin expansion over the next three years.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: offset falling Lantus pricing in the U.S.\nEffect: operating margin expansion over the next three years\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "fd33319f"
    },
    {
      "context": "We think HDDs are commoditylike even at the enterprise level, with Seagate and Western Digital matching each other's technological roadmaps and competing with one another for volume\u2014preventing both from earning pricing power.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: Seagate and Western Digital matching each other's technological roadmaps and competing with one another for volume\nEffect: both from earning pricing power\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "5262dd1c"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe vendors achieve greater discretion in physical off-price venues as labels can be commingled on anonymous racks, with customers left to find bargains.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: labels can be commingled on anonymous racks, with customers left to find bargains\nEffect: vendors achieve greater discretion in physical off-price venues\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "ed5de30b"
    },
    {
      "context": "We further project that recessionary conditions will follow into 2021, which translates into a gradual recovery from 2021 through 2023.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: We further project that recessionary conditions will follow into 2021\nEffect: a gradual recovery from 2021 through 2023\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "6fd626c4"
    },
    {
      "context": "The pipeline continues operating for now as legal challenges move through the courts, but even a temporary shutdown could lead to a significant drop in earnings and force management to re-evaluate the distribution.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: a temporary shutdown\nEffect: could lead to a significant drop in earnings and force management to re-evaluate the distribution\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "406adfbb"
    },
    {
      "context": "A UPS, for example, performs mission-critical functions by allowing customers' employees to safely shut down or start an alternate power source on everything from computers to network closets and server rooms to enterprise and collocation data centers, potentially saving thousands of dollars in lost time and productivity.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: A UPS, for example, performs mission-critical functions by allowing customers' employees to safely shut down or start an alternate power source on everything from computers to network closets and server rooms to enterprise and collocation data centers\nEffect: potentially saving thousands of dollars in lost time and productivity\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "d21decfe"
    },
    {
      "context": "Even as legacy automakers begin to produce more EVs, we expect Tesla will continue to have a lower costs as the company has outlined a plan to further reduce battery cell costs by 56% over the next several years.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the company has outlined a plan to further reduce battery cell costs by 56% over the next several years\nEffect: Tesla will continue to have a lower costs\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "663eec6e"
    },
    {
      "context": "The firm owns and operates fabrication yards in China and Mexico, and its fabrication and modular construction capabilities allow it to complete parts of large projects off-site and ship them in modules. This strategy gives Fluor flexibility and more control over costs when working in areas with scarce and expensive local labor.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: The firm owns and operates fabrication yards in China and Mexico, and its fabrication and modular construction capabilities allow it to complete parts of large projects off-site and ship them in modules\nEffect: gives Fluor flexibility and more control over costs when working in areas with scarce and expensive local labor\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "4075835c"
    },
    {
      "context": "These acquisitions hurt the firm's short-term return on invested capital, or ROIC, due to the high prices paid, but were strategically important.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the high prices paid\nEffect: These acquisitions hurt the firm's short-term return on invested capital, or ROIC\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "6b995259"
    },
    {
      "context": "As a result of this increased competition, along with the inconsistent performance of the company's games outside of ''''''''Grand theft Auto,'''''''' the company did not generate returns on invested capital exceeding its cost of capital in fiscal 2010, 2012, and 2013.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: this increased competition, along with the inconsistent performance of the company's games outside\nEffect: ''''''''Grand theft Auto,'''''''' the company did not generate returns on invested capital exceeding its cost of capital in fiscal 2010, 2012, and 2013\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "f061069a"
    },
    {
      "context": "We also think the threat of Tencent re-entering into the microblog business in a big way is limited, as Tencent strategically reduced its resources in noncore businesses such as microblogs, e-commerce, and search, and is focused on QQ and WeChat.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: Tencent strategically reduced its resources in noncore businesses\nEffect: the threat of Tencent re-entering into the microblog business in a big way\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "a844a01c"
    },
    {
      "context": "While the company's Washington, D.C., facilities have struggled in recent years, the area is projected to be among the fastest-growing over the next few decades, which will bring more demand for self-storage to a market where Public Storage already enjoys a double-digit market share lead on its closest competitor.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Public Storage already enjoys a double-digit market share lead on its closest competitor\nEffect: more demand for self-storage to a market\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "abcc9151"
    },
    {
      "context": "While the company's Washington, D.C., facilities have struggled in recent years, the area is projected to be among the fastest-growing over the next few decades, which will bring more demand for self-storage to a market where Public Storage already enjoys a double-digit market share lead on its closest competitor.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the area is projected to be among the fastest-growing over the next few decades\nEffect: more demand for self-storage to a market\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "0db9d516"
    },
    {
      "context": "Although we believe Five Below's emerging scale and targeted store experience should help offset some pressure, the crowded landscape will require management to maintain its high level of execution.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the crowded landscape\nEffect: require management to maintain its high level of execution\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "4fd0710a"
    },
    {
      "context": "Although we believe Five Below's emerging scale and targeted store experience should help offset some pressure, the crowded landscape will require management to maintain its high level of execution.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: Five Below's emerging scale and targeted store experience\nEffect: some pressure\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "92e1d226"
    },
    {
      "context": "Royal took quick action to reduce operating expenses and capital expenditures as a result of COVID-19 (we forecast capital expenditures of $2 billion in 2021, down from $3 billion in the prepandemic year of 2019).",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: a result of COVID-19 (we forecast capital expenditures of $2 billion in 2021, down from $3 billion in the prepandemic year of 2019)\nEffect: Royal took quick action to reduce operating expenses and capital expenditures\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "1add9a53"
    },
    {
      "context": "Given the large exposure to mortgages in the loan book (34% at the end of 2019), prepayment risk is a concern in a low-rate environment, shortening duration precisely when reinvestment rates are lowest.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: large exposure to mortgages in the loan book\nEffect: prepayment risk is a concern in a low-rate environment\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "cd5f79ce"
    },
    {
      "context": "We forecast Adidas' North America sales will decline 11% in 2020 due to the virus but grow at an average of 7% in 2022-29.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the virus but grow at an average of 7% in 2022-29\nEffect: We forecast Adidas' North America sales will decline 11% in 2020\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "edfbe280"
    },
    {
      "context": "Charter also operates with a heavy debt load, which can cause its shares to respond sharply to changes in the business or general market volatility.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Charter also operates with a heavy debt load\nEffect: its shares to respond sharply to changes in the business or general market volatility\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "c4e9648f"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect Activision to continue to benefit from the upcoming console upgrade cycle, the ongoing revitalization of PC gaming, and the growth in the mobile market via its King Digital subsidiary.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the upcoming console upgrade cycle, the ongoing revitalization of PC gaming, and the growth in the mobile market via its King Digital subsidiary\nEffect: Activision to continue to benefit\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "df450f57"
    },
    {
      "context": "That said we're less concerned about normal ebbs and flows of the macro environment, given that Honeywell's business is split 60/40 between operating expenditure and capital expenditure cycles.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Honeywell's business is split 60/40 between operating expenditure and capital expenditure cycles\nEffect: less concerned about normal ebbs and flows of the macro environment\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "a6b53380"
    },
    {
      "context": "The current process of drafting a new constitution and its long-term implications on the Chilean economy are also sources of potential risk.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: its long-term implications on the Chilean economy\nEffect: potential risk\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "a55a2d94"
    },
    {
      "context": "We see noninterest income increasing at a compound annual growth rate of roughly 2%-4% during normal times, with some pressure emerging in 2021 as we expect mortgage fees may fall off.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: mortgage fees may fall off\nEffect: noninterest income increasing at a compound annual growth rate of roughly 2%-4% during normal times, with some pressure emerging in 2021\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "42dd8453"
    },
    {
      "context": "We see emergency equipment as a nondiscretionary expense for governments and believe that technological disruption typically moves slowly in the public sector because of the potentially high cost of failure.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the potentially high cost of failure\nEffect: technological disruption typically moves slowly in the public sector\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "6f9a541b"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect revenue growth and more-efficient homebuilding operations will unlock operating leverage, reducing selling, general, and administrative expenses as percentage of revenue.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: revenue growth and more-efficient homebuilding operations\nEffect: unlock operating leverage, reducing selling, general, and administrative expenses as percentage of revenue\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "2512656b"
    },
    {
      "context": "Carrier primarily used acquisitions to build its commercial and industrial fire and security business, which now accounts for approximately 25% of consolidated sales.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: acquisitions\nEffect: build its commercial and industrial fire and security business\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "62ab186b"
    },
    {
      "context": "Many of these stores are suffering reduced customer traffic due to competition, a situation that may be worsened by the coronavirus.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: competition| coronavirus\nEffect: Many of these stores are suffering reduced customer traffic\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "6faea1b0"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect this elevated level of brand spending to continue, and as a result, we expect 14% operating margins by 2030, a material improvement from last year's 6.8%.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: We expect this elevated level of brand spending to continue\nEffect: we expect 14% operating margins by 2030, a material improvement from last year's 6.8%\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "a7821f24"
    },
    {
      "context": "Further, with the bank's solid mix of fee income, Wells Fargo will be better insulated if rates decline when compared with smaller regional competitors, as it is less dependent on rate-sensitive net interest income.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the bank's solid mix of fee income\nEffect: Wells Fargo will be better insulated if rates decline when compared with smaller regional competitors\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "207f7af0"
    },
    {
      "context": "Further, with the bank's solid mix of fee income, Wells Fargo will be better insulated if rates decline when compared with smaller regional competitors, as it is less dependent on rate-sensitive net interest income.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: it is less dependent on rate-sensitive net interest income\nEffect: Wells Fargo will be better insulated if rates decline when compared with smaller regional competitors\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "3ddef76c"
    },
    {
      "context": "With less command over its wholesalers' selling efforts, Boston Beer doesn't exercise as much clout as leading mainstream brewers (that operate in more concentrated categories) did in their heyday, for example, when volumes were ascendant and their products were more resonant.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: With less command over its wholesalers' selling efforts\nEffect: Boston Beer doesn't exercise as much clout as leading mainstream brewers (that operate in more concentrated categories) did in their heyday\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "b317f336"
    },
    {
      "context": "If real-world evidence trials become more prevalent and PRA invests in proprietary analytics capabilities, we see some potential benefit from easy access to de-identified patient data, but we currently model only modest contribution from the data business.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: real-world evidence trials become more prevalent and PRA invests in proprietary analytics capabilities\nEffect: potential benefit from easy access to de-identified patient data\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "2d7e65e2"
    },
    {
      "context": "We applaud that SS&C has shown a willingness to get outbid if the valuation is too high as we believe it makes sense for management to be disciplined on valuation.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: management to be disciplined on valuation\nEffect: SS&C has shown a willingness to get outbid if the valuation is too high\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "4ba55782"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect roughly 1% revenue growth in 2020 from 2019 and a strong recovery in 2021, resulting in 12% revenue growth.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: roughly 1% revenue growth in 2020 from 2019 and a strong recovery in 2021\nEffect: 12% revenue growth\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "7930e116"
    },
    {
      "context": "We are increasing our fair value estimate to $68 from $63 per share, increasing our forecasts for new equipment orders and dividend growth due to more room on the balance sheet for shareholder returns.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: more room on the balance sheet for shareholder returns\nEffect: increasing our forecasts for new equipment orders and dividend growth\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "b379ea0a"
    },
    {
      "context": "Similarly, chip design is an iterative process in which adjusting the inputs and testing them at each stage (akin to tasting and modifying the stew) reduces chances of chip design errors.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: adjusting the inputs and testing them at each stage\nEffect: reduces chances of chip design errors\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "6f3082bf"
    },
    {
      "context": "On a consolidated basis, we expect operating margins to rise as measures are taken to reduce overhead and streamline the combined business.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: measures are taken to reduce overhead and streamline the combined business\nEffect: operating margins to rise\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "7082bc69"
    },
    {
      "context": "Finally, a greater shift by enterprises toward infrastructure as a service cloud adoption could reduce their own need for server space, as their data is shifted to cloud providers' servers and stored more efficiently.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: a greater shift by enterprises toward infrastructure as a service cloud adoption\nEffect: reduce their own need for server space\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "36c418d4"
    },
    {
      "context": "Finally, a greater shift by enterprises toward infrastructure as a service cloud adoption could reduce their own need for server space, as their data is shifted to cloud providers' servers and stored more efficiently.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: their data is shifted to cloud providers' servers and stored more efficiently\nEffect: reduce their own need for server space\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "570a5ff3"
    },
    {
      "context": "We note that price sensitive economies could drag down Ericsson's revenue and margin profile if the company cannot extract manufacturing and process efficiencies.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the company cannot extract manufacturing and process efficiencies\nEffect: drag down Ericsson's revenue and margin profile\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "6d3f1ccd"
    },
    {
      "context": "Despite Cisco's commanding position in switches and routers, IT professionals are increasingly shifting computer workloads to the cloud, in turn buying less data center hardware.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Despite Cisco's commanding position in switches and routers, IT professionals are increasingly shifting computer workloads to the cloud\nEffect: in turn buying less data center hardware\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "83837ea7"
    },
    {
      "context": "As for its mining equipment business, demand is driven by prices of commodities such as iron ore, coal, and copper, which affects the profitability of mining companies and in turn their capital expenditures, including spending on mining equipment.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: prices of commodities\nEffect: demand\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "fdf6f5e1"
    },
    {
      "context": "As for its mining equipment business, demand is driven by prices of commodities such as iron ore, coal, and copper, which affects the profitability of mining companies and in turn their capital expenditures, including spending on mining equipment.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: demand\nEffect: affects the profitability of mining companies\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "6354c9b9"
    },
    {
      "context": "As for its mining equipment business, demand is driven by prices of commodities such as iron ore, coal, and copper, which affects the profitability of mining companies and in turn their capital expenditures, including spending on mining equipment.",
      "question": "2 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: affects the profitability of mining companies\nEffect: their capital expenditures\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "4d2ac63c"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe the firm's strength in the enterprise HDD business will buoy ASPs due to the increased portion of high capacity enterprise drives in the mix.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the increased portion of high capacity enterprise drives in the mix\nEffect: We believe the firm's strength in the enterprise HDD business will buoy ASPs\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "194d0b2e"
    },
    {
      "context": "Avery's RBIS segment could face margin pressures if other RFID manufacturers aim to take back market share from the company.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: other RFID manufacturers aim to take back market share from the company\nEffect: Avery's RBIS segment could face margin pressures\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "91b3d6a1"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe that Synchrony's bargaining position with its partners has been diminished and that the firm will have to make concessions to retain its retail partners.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Synchrony's bargaining position with its partners has been diminished\nEffect: the firm will have to make concessions to retain its retail partners\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "0e670bc3"
    },
    {
      "context": "Any procedure or policy that is not consistent with the prevailing ethos gives rise to the possibility that a company's business model will be disrupted.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Any procedure or policy that is not consistent with the prevailing ethos\nEffect: a company's business model will be disrupted\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "018b2dec"
    },
    {
      "context": "Given the ongoing demand for content, we believe content creation for cable networks is not a zero-sum game, as high-quality content will always find an outlet.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: high-quality content will always find an outlet| the ongoing demand for content\nEffect: content creation for cable networks is not a zero-sum game\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "a4c6b12f"
    },
    {
      "context": "Mosaic benefits from the vertical integration of its phosphate assets, as it mines its own phosphate rock, the key feedstock used to produce phosphate fertilizers.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: its own phosphate rock\nEffect: Mosaic benefits from the vertical integration of its phosphate assets,\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "199728b9"
    },
    {
      "context": "In the properties segment, we expect gross profit to be razor thin and improve slightly over time as Redfin pursues the requisite scale to operate effectively in the marketplace.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Redfin pursues the requisite scale to operate effectively in the marketplace\nEffect: gross profit to be razor thin and improve slightly over time\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "a3d2c66d"
    },
    {
      "context": "If profits materially contract, Tenet may have trouble refinancing at reasonable interest rates or at all when its major debt obligations start coming due in 2023 and beyond, and that significant refinancing risk informs our extreme uncertainty rating.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: profits materially contract\nEffect: Tenet may have trouble refinancing at reasonable interest rates or at all when its major debt obligations start coming due in 2023 and beyond\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "2e82eb5a"
    },
    {
      "context": "Surface Transportation Board oversees railroads' pricing, thus there will always be underlying risk of reregulation for some of CP's U.S.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Surface Transportation Board oversees railroads' pricing\nEffect: there will always be underlying risk of reregulation for some of CP's U.S.\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "9aa2e5fb"
    },
    {
      "context": "For the core telehealth services, we believe the company is likely to retain its first-mover advantage and scale by penetrating members of existing customers in addition to adding members of new clients under new logos.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: For the core telehealth services\nEffect: penetrating members of existing customers in addition to adding members of new clients under new logos\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "677a3381"
    },
    {
      "context": "This stable of animated franchises will continue to grow as more popular movies get released by the animated studio and Pixar.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: more popular movies get released\nEffect: animated franchises will continue to grow\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "4cc363bf"
    },
    {
      "context": "We view it to be unlikely for these companies to allocate large sums of capital into R&amp;D and upskilling its existing sales and service network, given the relatively small market size compared with their existing end markets.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: small market size compared with their existing end markets\nEffect: it to be unlikely for these companies to allocate large sums of capital into R&amp;D and upskilling its existing sales and service network\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "1d0faf59"
    },
    {
      "context": "Community hospitals across the country continue to struggle to maintain enough volume as care migrates to less costly ambulatory settings.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: care migrates to less costly ambulatory settings\nEffect: Community hospitals across the country continue to struggle to maintain enough volume\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "581b96f0"
    },
    {
      "context": "A confluence of several issues--poor relative active investment performance, the growth of low-cost index-based products, and the expanding power of the retail-advised channel--has made it increasingly difficult for active asset managers to generate organic growth, leaving them more dependent on market gains to increase their assets under management.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: poor relative active investment performance, the growth of low-cost index-based products, and the expanding power of the retail-advised channel\nEffect: increasingly difficult for active asset managers to generate organic growth\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "bb192496"
    },
    {
      "context": "A confluence of several issues--poor relative active investment performance, the growth of low-cost index-based products, and the expanding power of the retail-advised channel--has made it increasingly difficult for active asset managers to generate organic growth, leaving them more dependent on market gains to increase their assets under management.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: increasingly difficult for active asset managers to generate organic growth\nEffect: more dependent on market gains to increase their assets under management\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "06851c4d"
    },
    {
      "context": "Depending on the asset being traded, the benefit of having less market impact is often greater than any savings that could be achieved by using another exchange with lower explicit transaction costs, creating network effects for exchanges with existing liquidity.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the benefit of having less market impact is often greater than any savings that could be achieved by using another exchange with lower explicit transaction costs\nEffect: creating network effects for exchanges with existing liquidity\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "dde54d4e"
    },
    {
      "context": "While we expect a gradual shift, allowing Valvoline to build its other offerings, a more rapid change coupled with a failure to differentiate in ancillary fluid markets could impair Valvoline's standing.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: a more rapid change coupled with a failure to differentiate in ancillary fluid markets\nEffect: Valvoline's standing\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "abc660de"
    },
    {
      "context": "We also believe Direct 360 (a premium coaching offering with live and on-demand content) will help attract a younger audience to the WW ecosystem and drive higher lifetime customer values.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Direct 360 (a premium coaching offering with live and on-demand content)\nEffect: help attract a younger audience to the WW ecosystem and drive higher lifetime customer values\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "90480af9"
    },
    {
      "context": "In addition, some governments may simply forbid access to Facebook, which could result in lower user growth and user interaction.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: some governments may simply forbid access to Facebook\nEffect: lower user growth and user interaction\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "bd97d58a"
    },
    {
      "context": "Lastly, SAP, the largest supply chain software provider, has partnered with Descartes for years to help offer a neutral communication network and the widest possible network of trading partners to its suppliers.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: SAP, the largest supply chain software provider\nEffect: help offer a neutral communication network and the widest possible network of trading partners to its suppliers\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "0d06bee4"
    },
    {
      "context": "Gildan's capital expenditures as a percent of revenue have averaged 7% per year since 2010 but are now trending downward as major projects have been completed.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: now trending downward\nEffect: major projects have been completed\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "01c05fb9"
    },
    {
      "context": "Longer term, as smartphone demand recovers, we think Qorvo's adjusted operating margins will remain in the low- to mid-30% range, in line with management's target for 30% plus adjusted operating margins.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: smartphone demand recovers\nEffect: Qorvo's adjusted operating margins will remain in the low- to mid-30% range\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "0a186855"
    },
    {
      "context": "This implies that as long as Verisign complies with the terms of the contract, it will not go up for bid and Verisign can simply automatically renew for the next six-year period.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Verisign complies with the terms of the contract\nEffect: it will not go up for bid and Verisign can simply automatically renew for the next six-year period\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "aa958647"
    },
    {
      "context": "Vale faces currency risk, as most of its costs are denominated in Brazilian reais, while the bulk of its revenue and debt is denominated in U.S.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: most of its costs are denominated in Brazilian reais\nEffect: Vale faces currency risk\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "4d89d220"
    },
    {
      "context": "This method has increased efficiency and lowered reconditioning costs per vehicle, which in turn raises gross profit per vehicle sold.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: This method\nEffect: increased efficiency and lowered reconditioning costs per vehicle\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "48e9f6b2"
    },
    {
      "context": "This method has increased efficiency and lowered reconditioning costs per vehicle, which in turn raises gross profit per vehicle sold.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: increased efficiency and lowered reconditioning costs per vehicle\nEffect: raises gross profit per vehicle sold\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "74224f0d"
    },
    {
      "context": "We also expect that a large-scale move by manufacturers in favor of direct sales is unlikely, due to the infrastructure required, end customers' price inelasticity, and the convenience associated with repair shops ordering parts made by multiple brands from one source.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the infrastructure required, end customers' price inelasticity, and the convenience associated with repair shops ordering parts made by multiple brands from one source\nEffect: a large-scale move by manufacturers in favor of direct sales is unlikely\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "87d8bc3a"
    },
    {
      "context": "History suggests this could be possible, as Illinois' early plans for recreational legalization would hand an advantage to companies Drug Manufacturers - Specialty & Genericwith medical cultivation and dispensary licenses.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Illinois' early plans for recreational legalization\nEffect: an advantage to companies Drug Manufacturers - Specialty & Genericwith medical cultivation and dispensary licenses.\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "4e72ac75"
    },
    {
      "context": "The company does not expect to maintain a steady inventory of a particular item or brand; as a result, manufacturers avoid the stigma of being a regular, featured presence in an off-price store.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: The company does not expect to maintain a steady inventory of a particular item or brand\nEffect: manufacturers avoid the stigma of being a regular, featured presence in an off-price store\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "c4f30800"
    },
    {
      "context": "On the medical technology side, we project sales growing at a roughly 7% compound annual growth rate over the next five years, fueled by continued strong growth in the reconstructive product lines.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: continued strong growth in the reconstructive product lines\nEffect: sales growing at a roughly 7% compound annual growth rate over the next five years\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "3d579e9e"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe the cost advantage associated with the firm's scope, together with the strength of its brand intangible assets, provides a durable competitive advantage that should shine through as the turnaround delivers results and Advance's performance gradually moves toward that of its peers.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the cost advantage associated with the firm's scope, together with the strength of its brand intangible assets\nEffect: a durable competitive advantage\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "80509b41"
    },
    {
      "context": "Over the next five years, we expect Trane's revenue to increase at about an 8% compound annual rate (7% organic) as demand for the firm's commercial HVAC and transportation refrigeration products rebounds after 2020.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: demand for the firm's commercial HVAC and transportation refrigeration products rebounds after 2020\nEffect: Trane's revenue to increase at about an 8% compound annual rate (7% organic)\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "82e4d7f6"
    },
    {
      "context": "We think demand is likely to fall in future, as low-cost supply expands, flattening the steep cost curve tail and facilitating lower prices long-term.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: low-cost supply expands, flattening the steep cost curve tail\nEffect: demand is likely to fall in future\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "968f9f47"
    },
    {
      "context": "We think demand is likely to fall in future, as low-cost supply expands, flattening the steep cost curve tail and facilitating lower prices long-term.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: facilitating lower prices long-term\nEffect: demand is likely to fall in future\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "d9fb6c07"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe the current ultra-accommodative monetary policy in the eurozone, has depressed net interest margins and obscured Santander's competitive advantages, resulting in lacklustre returns.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the current ultra-accommodative monetary policy in the eurozone\nEffect: depressed net interest margins and obscured Santander's competitive advantages\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "a0415159"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe the current ultra-accommodative monetary policy in the eurozone, has depressed net interest margins and obscured Santander's competitive advantages, resulting in lacklustre returns.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: depressed net interest margins and obscured Santander's competitive advantages\nEffect: lacklustre returns\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "934aa538"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect Coloplast's wound-care segment to remain on a slightly slower growth trajectory as the market and larger advanced wound care competitors move further toward higher-tech solutions.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the market and larger advanced wound care competitors move further toward higher-tech solutions\nEffect: Coloplast's wound-care segment to remain on a slightly slower growth trajectory\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "be72b7c9"
    },
    {
      "context": "First, and most important, is the cachet of the Monster brand, which should help ensure sufficient and sustained end demand for its beverages such that neither Coke nor its bottlers need to worry about inventory builds or sell-through.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the cachet of the Monster brand\nEffect: sufficient and sustained end demand for its beverages\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "63548674"
    },
    {
      "context": "First, and most important, is the cachet of the Monster brand, which should help ensure sufficient and sustained end demand for its beverages such that neither Coke nor its bottlers need to worry about inventory builds or sell-through.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the cachet of the Monster brand\nEffect: neither Coke nor its bottlers need to worry about inventory builds or sell-through\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "0623ca7c"
    },
    {
      "context": "Through its allied brands portfolio, the firm profits from partnerships with nascent beverage companies as well as private-label brands that are looking for distribution breadth and access, which we think lends credence to Keurig Dr Pepper's strong position.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: its allied brands portfolio\nEffect: the firm profits from partnerships with nascent beverage companies as well as private-label brands that are looking for distribution breadth and access\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "57975a23"
    },
    {
      "context": "Through its allied brands portfolio, the firm profits from partnerships with nascent beverage companies as well as private-label brands that are looking for distribution breadth and access, which we think lends credence to Keurig Dr Pepper's strong position.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the firm profits from partnerships with nascent beverage companies as well as private-label brands that are looking for distribution breadth and access\nEffect: lends credence to Keurig Dr Pepper's strong position\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "0ff32b3e"
    },
    {
      "context": "The company's future growth depends on cloud service providers and enterprises needing more data storage, compute power, and interconnection as the world becomes more data-centric and connected.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the world becomes more data-centric and connected\nEffect: The company's future growth depends on cloud service providers and enterprises needing more data storage, compute power, and interconnection\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "97367e60"
    },
    {
      "context": "CROs use their expertise in trial design and execution to balance quick trial starts with statistically significant results, which allows their clients to focus on the core competencies of drug discovery and commercialization.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: CROs use their expertise in trial design and execution to balance quick trial starts with statistically significant results\nEffect: their clients to focus on the core competencies of drug discovery and commercialization\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "376910fb"
    },
    {
      "context": "Our outlook for residential construction and HVAC replacement remains constructive, which bodes well for Lennox because the firm generates more than half of its sales and profits from its residential HVAC business.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: he firm generates more than half of its sales and profits from its residential HVAC business\nEffect: Our outlook for residential construction and HVAC replacement remains constructive\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "2280ee2c"
    },
    {
      "context": "We agree with Rockwell that it has a large runway since over 60% of factories are still not fully connected, based on industry reports.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: over 60% of factories are still not fully connected, based on industry reports\nEffect: it has a large runway\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "d42e58da"
    },
    {
      "context": "Historically, the firm has had leverage over customers and pricing, but we are wary of a shift in consumer attitude if propane prices rise and distributor margins expand.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: if propane prices rise and distributor margins expand\nEffect: we are wary of a shift in consumer attitude\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "570d9dcc"
    },
    {
      "context": "In mid-2017, Apple announced that the Safari browser (on desktop and mobile devices) default ITP feature will erase cookies after 24 hours, likely preventing continuous tracking of user behavior data by ad-tech companies such as Criteo.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: the Safari browser (on desktop and mobile devices) default ITP feature will erase cookies after 24 hours\nEffect: continuous tracking of user behavior data by ad-tech companies such as Criteo\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "d3201007"
    },
    {
      "context": "However, if any of these features were to fail--MongoDB's brand could suffer significantly and possibly lead to diminished future business.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: any of these features were to fail\nEffect: MongoDB's brand could suffer significantly| lead to diminished future business\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "96354ffc"
    },
    {
      "context": "We do not expect the same stellar returns from its STACK, Powder River Basin, or Eagle Ford assets, and its Bakken footprint is too small to move the needle on returns at the firm level.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: its Bakken footprint is too small\nEffect: move the needle on returns at the firm level\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "ae1b475b"
    },
    {
      "context": "This clause could be nullified if VeriSign faces a severe data breach that it may be unable to resolve in reasonable time.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: VeriSign faces a severe data breach that it may be unable to resolve in reasonable time\nEffect: This clause could be nullified\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "4f700923"
    },
    {
      "context": "We still see meaningful downside for commodity prices from current levels but acknowledge that tighter markets will take time to normalise as the effects of China's fiscal and monetary stimulus wane.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: China's fiscal and monetary stimulus wane\nEffect: tighter markets will take time to normalise\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "fc1954b4"
    },
    {
      "context": "Roper's offerings specifically address these needs, which we believe creates a stickier offering and makes it harder for large players to displace them.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Roper's offerings\nEffect: creates a stickier offering and makes it harder for large players to displace them\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "647554fd"
    },
    {
      "context": "While we still believe the market's valuation is on the generous side, our revised projections remain at the upper end of Refinitiv consensus; we think management can execute its strategic plan.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: our revised projections\nEffect: we think management can execute its strategic plan\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "52e8824f"
    },
    {
      "context": "Enterprises can be slow to migrate to the cloud, given the greater degree of complexity involved in modifying large-scale operations. These firms often make the transition gradually, taking several years to go from an on-premises to a full cloud-native model.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Enterprises can be slow to migrate to the cloud, given the greater degree of complexity involved in modifying large-scale operations\nEffect: These firms often make the transition gradually, taking several years to go from an on-premises to a full cloud-native model\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "f7d8166d"
    },
    {
      "context": "The company received substantial tax benefits for foreign-derived intangible income after the tax cut and jobs act of 2017, however, we don't think this is sustainable.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the tax cut and jobs act of 2017\nEffect: The company received substantial tax benefits\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "ebc37e31"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe the rise in passive investing will weigh on FactSet's target market through asset manager fee compression, resulting in slower growth.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: FactSet's target market through asset manager fee compression\nEffect: the rise in passive investing\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "6dac7b0f"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe the rise in passive investing will weigh on FactSet's target market through asset manager fee compression, resulting in slower growth.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the rise in passive investing\nEffect: slower growth\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "5a9aaca8"
    },
    {
      "context": "Furthermore, the change in consumer preferences has created a demand dislocation that has allowed new players like Aerie and Third Love to take share in the intimates' market, creating permanent long-term competition in the category.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the change in consumer preferences\nEffect: a demand dislocation\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "07d88ab8"
    },
    {
      "context": "Furthermore, the change in consumer preferences has created a demand dislocation that has allowed new players like Aerie and Third Love to take share in the intimates' market, creating permanent long-term competition in the category.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: a demand dislocation\nEffect: new players like Aerie and Third Love to take share in the intimates' market, creating permanent long-term competition in the category\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "0f0b08a6"
    },
    {
      "context": "To further enhance digital offerings and overall data technology, WPP plans to invest up to GBP 150 million during the next few years.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: WPP plans to invest up to GBP 150 million during the next few years\nEffect: further enhance digital offerings and overall data technology\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "1a5fad32"
    },
    {
      "context": "Further uncertainty surrounding a sustained eurozone recession, financial austerity, any terrorism incidents, or a protracted conclusion to COVID-19 could provide incremental headwinds for the business.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Further uncertainty surrounding a sustained eurozone recession, financial austerity, any terrorism incidents, or a protracted conclusion to COVID-19\nEffect: provide incremental headwinds for the business\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "3f0e636b"
    },
    {
      "context": "These actions are the result of CEO Sean Connolly's value-over-volume strategy, an effort to upgrade the quality of the firm's products while eliminating deep discounting and ultimately improve the profitability of the brands.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: CEO Sean Connolly's value-over-volume strategy\nEffect: upgrade the quality of the firm's products while eliminating deep discounting and ultimately improve the profitability of the brands\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "3f69c193"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe the right tech and service investments are being made, which together with various secular trends (like wellness and deteriorating trust in municipal water) facilitate a nice runway of growth.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: We believe the right tech and service investments are being made, which together with various secular trends (like wellness and deteriorating trust in municipal water)\nEffect: a nice runway of growth\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "3d88641a"
    },
    {
      "context": "If management completes a deal that is dilutive, it could have a material impact to its returns over capital costs, which is an ongoing governance risk.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: completes a deal that is dilutive\nEffect: have a material impact to its returns over capital costs\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "4ee220e1"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe Mattel's operating margins and returns on invested capital could rise as the firm's structural simplification and asset-light efforts continue to bear fruit; the Optimizing for Growth initiative could provide an incremental boost to cash flow.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the firm's structural simplification and asset-light efforts continue to bear fruit\nEffect: Mattel's operating margins and returns on invested capital could rise\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "97be18e4"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe Mattel's operating margins and returns on invested capital could rise as the firm's structural simplification and asset-light efforts continue to bear fruit; the Optimizing for Growth initiative could provide an incremental boost to cash flow.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the Optimizing for Growth initiative\nEffect: an incremental boost to cash flow\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "70f81c56"
    },
    {
      "context": "As consumers slowly resume cruising after a year-plus no-sail halt (with eight of the company's nine brands set to resume limited sailings by year-end), we suspect cruise operators will have to continue to reassure passengers of both the safety and value propositions of cruising.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: consumers slowly resume cruising after a year-plus no-sail halt\nEffect: we suspect cruise operators will have to continue to reassure passengers of both the safety and value propositions of cruising\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "86bfe5f9"
    },
    {
      "context": "We are raising our valuation of O'Reilly to $444 per share from $429, reflecting strong first-quarter sales results (25% comparable growth) but offset by a higher U.S.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: strong first-quarter sales results\nEffect: We are raising our valuation of O'Reilly to $444 per share from $429\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "f9d4f144"
    },
    {
      "context": "At first glance, it might appear that the high-fixed-cost nature of LTL operations should allow for enduring scale-based cost advantages, or perhaps benefits from superior internal processes that optimize line-haul and pickup and delivery efficiency.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: enduring scale-based cost advantages, or perhaps benefits from superior internal processes that optimize line-haul and pickup and delivery efficiency\nEffect: the high-fixed-cost nature of LTL operations should allow\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "e8b96df0"
    },
    {
      "context": "Despite increased category competition, shifting consumer health preferences, and the democratization of restaurant technology, with the proliferation of 'as a service' restaurant systems now widely available, Yum's brands have been able to consistently generate positive comparable sales growth over the last five years.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the proliferation of 'as a service' restaurant systems now widely available\nEffect: Yum's brands have been able to consistently generate positive comparable sales growth over the last five years\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "33a8e303"
    },
    {
      "context": "In our view, competition from Starbucks, Tim Hortons (part of Restaurant Brands International), JDE Peet's, and the convenience store channel could also limit Dunkin's expansion plans beyond core and established markets.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: competition from Starbucks, Tim Hortons (part of Restaurant Brands International), JDE Peet's, and the convenience store channel\nEffect: Dunkin's expansion plans beyond core and established markets\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "4bd0b7ae"
    },
    {
      "context": "Through a prior joint venture with Intel, Micron developed its own unique flavor of 3D NAND, though this JV is now defunct.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Through a prior joint venture with Intel\nEffect: Micron developed its own unique flavor of 3D NAND\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "159fee00"
    },
    {
      "context": "In our view, the company's sizable debt balance and dependence on revenue from challenging commoditized environments could encumber its growth trajectory via nascent technology trends.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: the company's sizable debt balance and dependence on revenue from challenging commoditized environments\nEffect: its growth trajectory via nascent technology trends\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "de078fdf"
    },
    {
      "context": "As Bemis works to better manage itself as a global enterprise, Sealed Air could face higher levels of consumable competition.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Bemis works to better manage itself as a global enterprise\nEffect: Sealed Air could face higher levels of consumable competition\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "ab9aa6a3"
    },
    {
      "context": "Given Fortune Brands' significant exposure to these end markets (50% of sales from R&R and 23% from new construction), the firm is positioned for continued growth over the next decade.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Fortune Brands' significant exposure to these end markets\nEffect: the firm is positioned for continued growth over the next decade\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "f1e0afd7"
    },
    {
      "context": "Further, the patent risk on cancer drug Alimta (9% of sales) is elevated as the 2022 patent is not a strong composition of matter patent, which increases the likelihood of earlier-than-expected generic competition.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the 2022 patent is not a strong composition of matter patent\nEffect: the patent risk on cancer drug Alimta (9% of sales) is elevated\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "af55bc59"
    },
    {
      "context": "Further, the patent risk on cancer drug Alimta (9% of sales) is elevated as the 2022 patent is not a strong composition of matter patent, which increases the likelihood of earlier-than-expected generic competition.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the patent risk on cancer drug Alimta (9% of sales) is elevated\nEffect: increases the likelihood of earlier-than-expected generic competition\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "07b9272a"
    },
    {
      "context": "We think US Foods' channel diversity, vast adoption of carryout, and the eventual containment of the COVID-19 virus (most likely after a 2021 vaccine), should return US Foods' pro forma revenue (including SGA Food Group and Smart Foodservice Warehouse acquisitions) to a prepandemic level by 2022.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: US Foods' channel diversity, vast adoption of carryout, and the eventual containment of the COVID-19 virus\nEffect: return US Foods' pro forma revenue (including SGA Food Group and Smart Foodservice Warehouse acquisitions) to a prepandemic level by 2022\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "45544e8a"
    },
    {
      "context": "New management's restructuring plans echo others in European industrials, aimed at lowering corporate costs by putting more P&L responsibility at the divisional level.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: putting more P&L responsibility at the divisional level\nEffect: lowering corporate costs\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "0d976a33"
    },
    {
      "context": "Investment in the treasure hunt should keep post-pandemic traffic strong, and we are not concerned about saturation as rivals Ross and TJX grow, considering customers' willingness to shop multiple off-price stores.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: customers' willingness to shop multiple off-price stores\nEffect: we are not concerned about saturation as rivals Ross and TJX grow\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "441495bc"
    },
    {
      "context": "As long-term care insurance is difficult to forecast and has proved more costly, Manulife no longer sells stand-alone long-term care products.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: long-term care insurance is difficult to forecast and has proved more costly\nEffect: Manulife no longer sells stand-alone long-term care products\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "8a21ebf3"
    },
    {
      "context": "Alongside this, businesses would have to spend more time training personnel on how to use the new system, hampering productivity.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: how to use the new system\nEffect: businesses would have to spend more time training personnel\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "e2359b38"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect recovery from COVID-19 to further boost top-line growth and result in a 54% increase in 2021 (from 46% in 2020) and 47% year-over-year growth in 2022, representing total revenue of $3.9 billion and $5.7 billion, respectively.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: recovery from COVID-19\nEffect: further boost top-line growth\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "5078b7e3"
    },
    {
      "context": "The 2020 dip in profitability due to COVID-19 notwithstanding, management's efforts to streamline operations and enhance efficiency had taken hold over the last few years, and we forecast operating margin to peak at 23% in 2025.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: COVID-19\nEffect: The 2020 dip in profitability\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "b9b15e6b"
    },
    {
      "context": "The 2020 dip in profitability due to COVID-19 notwithstanding, management's efforts to streamline operations and enhance efficiency had taken hold over the last few years, and we forecast operating margin to peak at 23% in 2025.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: management's efforts to streamline operations and enhance efficiency had taken hold over the last few years\nEffect: operating margin to peak at 23% in 2025\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "502f84c2"
    },
    {
      "context": "Additionally, long-term price depreciation would expose the company to weakening returns on capital, as its large queue of new projects coming on line would be unlikely to generate their projected economic results.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: its large queue of new projects coming on line would be unlikely to generate their projected economic results\nEffect: long-term price depreciation would expose the company to weakening returns on capital\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "130666b6"
    },
    {
      "context": "Further, the car does 0-60 mph in under 2 seconds and has 1,020 horsepower, which put the Model S Plaid in a rare class of performance among all autos regardless of powertrain.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the car does 0-60 mph in under 2 seconds and has 1,020 horsepower\nEffect: put the Model S Plaid in a rare class of performance among all autos regardless of powertrain\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "729640ca"
    },
    {
      "context": "Cintas has consistently executed in taking market share, capitalizing on uniform rental outsourcing trends, and driving greater penetration through its ancillary services.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: capitalizing on uniform rental outsourcing trends, and driving greater penetration through its ancillary services\nEffect: Cintas has consistently executed in taking market share\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "70eb3606"
    },
    {
      "context": "The bank's operating efficiency ratios have been pressured over the years as low interest rates pressured yields, and fixing credit issues was the top priority.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: low interest rates pressured yields\nEffect: The bank's operating efficiency ratios have been pressured over the years\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "539b875c"
    },
    {
      "context": "Owing to heavy competition with Qunar and eLong in 2014 and 2015, Trip.com's margins declined significantly, and the ROIC decreased from over 80% to negative 2.8% in 2014 and 1.9% in 2015.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: heavy competition with Qunar and eLong in 2014 and 2015\nEffect: Trip.com's margins declined significantly, and the ROIC decreased from over 80% to negative 2.8% in 2014 and 1.9% in 2015\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "722f4ccf"
    },
    {
      "context": "The business has been built on strong management and execution discipline that have enabled it to take advantage of weakened competitor positions.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: The business has been built on strong management and execution discipline\nEffect: take advantage of weakened competitor positions\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "76250df6"
    },
    {
      "context": "While the reform is encouraging, it is only the first step of many in Brazil's efforts to narrow the economic gap with other developed countries, which will ultimately need to include reformation of an archaic and protectionist tax system and massive investments in domestic infrastructure.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Brazil's efforts to narrow the economic gap with other developed countries\nEffect: need to include reformation of an archaic and protectionist tax system and massive investments in domestic infrastructure\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "37da0b11"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect average incrementals between 34% and 35% over the medium term as sales recover and believe the firm can eventually hit 21% segment operating margins and free cash flow margins of 15%.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: sales recover\nEffect: average incrementals between 34% and 35% over the medium term\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "b025a47d"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect average incrementals between 34% and 35% over the medium term as sales recover and believe the firm can eventually hit 21% segment operating margins and free cash flow margins of 15%.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: sales recover\nEffect: the firm can eventually hit 21% segment operating margins and free cash flow margins of 15%\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "5f23af7f"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe Farfetch has a cost base to support higher revenue, providing opportunity for positive operating leverage as revenue grows. Hence, we expect general and administrative expense (including depreciation and technology expense) to scale from around 28% of gross merchandise value currently to 11.9% in 10 years' time.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Farfetch has a cost base to support higher revenue, providing opportunity for positive operating leverage as revenue grows\nEffect: general and administrative expense (including depreciation and technology expense) to scale from around 28% of gross merchandise value currently to 11.9% in 10 years' time\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "0c608ef1"
    },
    {
      "context": "Clients of the custody banks do face switching costs due to process disruption, the interconnectedness of a client's workflows and the custodian's infrastructure, and onboarding costs.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: process disruption, the interconnectedness of a client's workflows and the custodian's infrastructure, and onboarding costs\nEffect: Clients of the custody banks do face switching costs\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "67529d8c"
    },
    {
      "context": "We project operating margins to improve from 12% to 28% by 2025, as the result of the scalability of the business, a fall off in amortization expense, and cost synergies.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the scalability of the business, a fall off in amortization expense, and cost synergies\nEffect: operating margins to improve from 12% to 28% by 2025\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "4fcd8a4f"
    },
    {
      "context": "While competitors tend to specialize in a single core competency, Applied competes in almost every key equipment segment with the exception of photolithography. As a result, all major chipmakers develop strong relationships with Applied that span multiple process steps of their chip production.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: While competitors tend to specialize in a single core competency, Applied competes in almost every key equipment segment with the exception of photolithography\nEffect: all major chipmakers develop strong relationships with Applied that span multiple process steps of their chip production\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "0c0b31fc"
    },
    {
      "context": "Though there is increasing commercial interest in space from the likes of SpaceX and Blue Origin, we think the technical complexity of military-grade satellites remains a stiff barrier to entry for all but a few firms.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the technical complexity of military-grade satellites\nEffect: stiff barrier to entry for all but a few firms\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "a1117881"
    },
    {
      "context": "Our uncertainty rating for LPL Financial is high due to the cyclicality of the company's business and exposure to factors beyond its control, such as asset class returns and interest rates.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the cyclicality of the company's business and exposure to factors beyond its control, such as asset class returns and interest rates\nEffect: Our uncertainty rating for LPL Financial is high\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "73c3d455"
    },
    {
      "context": "The substantial equivalence rule makes it extremely difficult for new entrants to launch new products, and it reduces the financial burden of investing in a fast-moving pipeline of new products that is a critical part of the business model for other large-cap consumer businesses.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: The substantial equivalence rule\nEffect: difficult for new entrants to launch new products\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "941bc193"
    },
    {
      "context": "The substantial equivalence rule makes it extremely difficult for new entrants to launch new products, and it reduces the financial burden of investing in a fast-moving pipeline of new products that is a critical part of the business model for other large-cap consumer businesses.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: The substantial equivalence rule\nEffect: reduces the financial burden of investing in a fast-moving pipeline of new products\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "d3406008"
    },
    {
      "context": "TI continues to use Avnet and others for fulfillment, but the lack of demand creation revenue leads to lower margins for distributors like Avnet.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the lack of demand creation revenue\nEffect: lower margins for distributors\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "3ae74dc9"
    },
    {
      "context": "We forecast adjusted operating margins will remain in the low-30s range in later years of our 10-year explicit forecast period as increased sales leverage, cost-optimization efforts, and sales and marketing expense efficiencies are neutralized by increased customer acquisition costs.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: increased sales leverage, cost-optimization efforts, and sales and marketing expense efficiencies are neutralized by increased customer acquisition costs\nEffect: adjusted operating margins will remain in the low-30s range in later years of our 10-year explicit forecast period\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "8c911d43"
    },
    {
      "context": "We forecast adjusted operating margins will remain in the low-30s range in later years of our 10-year explicit forecast period as increased sales leverage, cost-optimization efforts, and sales and marketing expense efficiencies are neutralized by increased customer acquisition costs.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: increased customer acquisition costs\nEffect: sales and marketing expense efficiencies are neutralized\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "4ba633e6"
    },
    {
      "context": "Wiley's products targeted to the professional community are affected by economic conditions, which can cause firms to change head count and training expenditures (though its education offerings could deliver an offsetting benefit if a soft economy were to lead to higher student enrollment).",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Wiley's products targeted to the professional community are affected by economic conditions\nEffect: firms to change head count and training expenditures\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "efd82186"
    },
    {
      "context": "Wiley's products targeted to the professional community are affected by economic conditions, which can cause firms to change head count and training expenditures (though its education offerings could deliver an offsetting benefit if a soft economy were to lead to higher student enrollment).",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: a soft economy\nEffect: higher student enrollment\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "b7f58373"
    },
    {
      "context": "Fourth, now that Allegion is a stand-alone business that no longer competes for capital from a conglomerate parent, the firm has become more acquisitive across its three geographic segments.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: now that Allegion is a stand-alone business that no longer competes for capital from a conglomerate parent\nEffect: the firm has become more acquisitive across its three geographic segments\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "5aad02a9"
    },
    {
      "context": "Although the pandemic's sales surge should ease in mid-2021 as vaccines reduce infection rates, O'Reilly's long-term strength remains rooted in its competitive advantages.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: vaccines reduce infection rates\nEffect: the pandemic's sales surge should ease in mid-2021\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "53915c29"
    },
    {
      "context": "With its 7-nm EPYC 2 (Rome) server CPUs launched in 2019, the firm is poised to grow its market share to at least 20% in the coming years. Consequently, we believe AMD will enjoy stellar revenue growth in the server CPU sub-segment of EESC, going from about $300 million in 2018 to $10.3 billion in 2025.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: With its 7-nm EPYC 2 (Rome) server CPUs launched in 2019, the firm is poised to grow its market share to at least 20% in the coming years\nEffect: AMD will enjoy stellar revenue growth in the server CPU sub-segment of EESC, going from about $300 million in 2018 to $10.3 billion in 2025\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "08f8411a"
    },
    {
      "context": "We continue to hold more optimistic expectations for advanced wound care and ostomy growth, as well as improved profitability as new CEO Karim Bitar digs in with his plans.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: new CEO Karim Bitar digs in with his plans\nEffect: We continue to hold more optimistic expectations for advanced wound care and ostomy growth, as well as improved profitability\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "8741ebf8"
    },
    {
      "context": "Additionally, community members often act as a hurdle for self-storage development, as these facilities are viewed more negatively than residential properties or manufacturing facilities that could potentially provide housing and jobs that could increase the surrounding property value.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: these facilities are viewed more negatively than residential properties\nEffect: community members often act as a hurdle for self-storage development\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "7e58552c"
    },
    {
      "context": "Additionally, community members often act as a hurdle for self-storage development, as these facilities are viewed more negatively than residential properties or manufacturing facilities that could potentially provide housing and jobs that could increase the surrounding property value.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: these facilities are viewed more negatively than residential properties\nEffect: potentially provide housing and jobs\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "0cd097d5"
    },
    {
      "context": "Additionally, community members often act as a hurdle for self-storage development, as these facilities are viewed more negatively than residential properties or manufacturing facilities that could potentially provide housing and jobs that could increase the surrounding property value.",
      "question": "2 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: potentially provide housing and jobs\nEffect: increase the surrounding property value\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "21aef059"
    },
    {
      "context": "CROs can be susceptible to impact from large cancellations, whether due to clinical failure or reprioritization, because it can be difficult to repurpose capacity that was previously allocated to that large trial.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: clinical failure or reprioritization\nEffect: large cancellations\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "7d5b77b9"
    },
    {
      "context": "CROs can be susceptible to impact from large cancellations, whether due to clinical failure or reprioritization, because it can be difficult to repurpose capacity that was previously allocated to that large trial.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: it can be difficult to repurpose capacity that was previously allocated to that large trial\nEffect: CROs can be susceptible to impact from large cancellations\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "89d0d168"
    },
    {
      "context": "Nasdaq also has the strength of the Nasdaq brand, which makes it desirable for companies to be listed on the exchange.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Nasdaq also has the strength of the Nasdaq brand\nEffect: makes it desirable for companies to be listed on the exchange\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "67a56c98"
    },
    {
      "context": "Retailers and manufacturers work together to ensure ample supply, with stores motivated through advertising or markdown allowances to ensure inventory clears, delivery concessions, and return privileges for excess merchandise.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: advertising or markdown allowances\nEffect: inventory clears, delivery concessions, and return privileges for excess merchandise\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "93a01659"
    },
    {
      "context": "There is also a risk that universities may use the transition to digital learning to demand lower-cost materials, given the high margins that have existed in textbooks for many years.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: universities may use the transition to digital learning to demand lower-cost materials, given the high margins that have existed in textbooks for many years\nEffect: risk\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "3d62660c"
    },
    {
      "context": "Moen's growing presence in China, its market repositioning in cabinets, Fiberon's distribution expansion, new product introductions across Fortune Brands' three segments, and price increases should also support sales growth over our forecast.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Moen's growing presence in China, its market repositioning in cabinets, Fiberon's distribution expansion, new product introductions across Fortune Brands' three segments, and price increases\nEffect: support sales growth over our forecast\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "19beaef0"
    },
    {
      "context": "Waddell & Reed will continue to be reliant upon market gains to drive AUM growth, as our five-year CAGR for organic AUM growth remains in a negative 3%-5% range.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: our five-year CAGR for organic AUM growth remains in a negative 3%-5% range\nEffect: Waddell & Reed will continue to be reliant upon market gains to drive AUM growth\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "ccbcc078"
    },
    {
      "context": "Low-cost and ultra-low-cost carriers have tendencies to enter markets and drive returns down for all participants due to an excess of supply for a somewhat fixed pool of demand.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: an excess of supply for a somewhat fixed pool of demand\nEffect: Low-cost and ultra-low-cost carriers have tendencies to enter markets and drive returns down for all participants\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "c81199f6"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe the recurring revenue model will further diversify S&P revenue, limiting both the upside and downside scenarios for the firm.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: the recurring revenue model\nEffect: both the upside and downside scenarios for the firm\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "a026e8a7"
    },
    {
      "context": "This has been a multiyear project and included moving the headquarters to Dallas from Michigan in 2007 and greatly expanding operations in Texas by acquiring Sterling Bancshares in 2011.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: moving the headquarters to Dallas from Michigan in 2007 and greatly expanding operations in Texas by acquiring Sterling Bancshares in 2011\nEffect: This has been a multiyear project\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "a7220b3f"
    },
    {
      "context": "Like other multi-industrials, Ametek is exposed to broader macroeconomic risk, which would result in a corresponding slowdown in its end markets.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Ametek is exposed to broader macroeconomic risk\nEffect: corresponding slowdown in its end markets\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "ff24661a"
    },
    {
      "context": "The firm's differentiation comes by way of product breadth and its logistics network, which permits faster delivery of both small and large parcels than most of its peers.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: The firm's differentiation comes by way of product breadth and its logistics network\nEffect: faster delivery of both small and large parcels than most of its peers\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "876e3b82"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect reported sales will rise about 7%, while we expect adjusted operating margins will rise 190 basis points due to both operating leverage and continuous improvement initiatives.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: continuous improvement initiatives| operating leverage\nEffect: adjusted operating margins will rise 190 basis points\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "cb2f1553"
    },
    {
      "context": "In terms of cost advantage, we would need to see evidence that an iBuyer can structurally speed up and streamline the home purchase and sale process as compared with competitors to reduce transaction costs, holding costs, and interest expenses.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: iBuyer can structurally speed up and streamline the home purchase and sale process\nEffect: reduce transaction costs, holding costs, and interest expenses\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "d8251036"
    },
    {
      "context": "Today management is describing that same reluctance on the part of insurers as they are now flirting with adopting the SaaS version of InsuranceSuite.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: they are now flirting with adopting the SaaS version of InsuranceSuite\nEffect: Today management is describing that same reluctance on the part of insurers\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "0bf433e2"
    },
    {
      "context": "We do expect management to continue its patient and prudent capital stewardship, but high supply is limiting the ability to realize internal and external growth above the long-term trend.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: high supply\nEffect: limiting the ability to realize internal and external growth above the long-term trend\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "788164c0"
    },
    {
      "context": "Suppliers could also decide to bring the demand creation abilities in-house, which would significantly reduce Arrow's value proposition, while broadline distributors will likely continue to acquire their own value-added services, further encroaching on Arrow's territory.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Suppliers could also decide to bring the demand creation abilities in-house\nEffect: significantly reduce Arrow's value proposition\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "d7b5bbb6"
    },
    {
      "context": "Suppliers could also decide to bring the demand creation abilities in-house, which would significantly reduce Arrow's value proposition, while broadline distributors will likely continue to acquire their own value-added services, further encroaching on Arrow's territory.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Suppliers could also decide to bring the demand creation abilities in-house\nEffect: broadline distributors will likely continue to acquire their own value-added services, further encroaching on Arrow's territory\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "88bab560"
    },
    {
      "context": "Previous acquisitions have included material goodwill components, which stand to damp ROIC, and we would expect future acquisitions to require material goodwill allocations as well.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Previous acquisitions have included material goodwill components, which stand to damp ROIC\nEffect: we would expect future acquisitions to require material goodwill allocations as well\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "9f96ded1"
    },
    {
      "context": "With the completion of its growth spending program in 2020, DCP has outlined a plan where growth capital spending drops to well below $100 million annually from over $500 million in 2019. This program would let DCP generate excess cash flow after distributions and capital spending in 2021, but we don't expect the firm to be able to grow meaningfully more than $1.2 billion-$1.3 billion in EBITDA beyond 2022.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: With the completion of its growth spending program in 2020, DCP has outlined a plan where growth capital spending drops to well below $100 million annually from over $500 million in 2019\nEffect: DCP generate excess cash flow after distributions and capital spending in 2021, but we don't expect the firm to be able to grow meaningfully more than $1.2 billion-$1.3 billion in EBITDA beyond 2022\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "e4a12c0b"
    },
    {
      "context": "On a company-specific level, we believe SBA has more risk than American Tower due to its international concentration in Brazil, where it has twice as many sites as all other international markets combined, and its aggressive use of financial leverage.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: its international concentration in Brazil, where it has twice as many sites as all other international markets combined, and its aggressive use of financial leverage\nEffect: SBA has more risk than American Tower\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "1837ed65"
    },
    {
      "context": "We think sales weakness and discounting in the athletic apparel industry have lowered gross margins, and we expect Dick's gross margins to remain below peak levels.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: sales weakness and discounting in the athletic apparel industry\nEffect: lowered gross margins\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "a81d30ea"
    },
    {
      "context": "While the idea of data collection seems simple (and almost all retailers are capturing data on purchases to some degree), we believe it is more complex for Williams-Sonoma, as the company can use it to market more dynamically.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the company can use it to market more dynamically\nEffect: we believe it is more complex for Williams-Sonoma\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "c4184d8f"
    },
    {
      "context": "The company regularly recycles capital by selling noncore assets or exiting markets and using the proceeds for its development pipeline or acquisitions with strong growth prospects, a strategy that has produced strong returns.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: strategy\nEffect: produced strong returns\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "2abc9eba"
    },
    {
      "context": "The company regularly recycles capital by selling noncore assets or exiting markets and using the proceeds for its development pipeline or acquisitions with strong growth prospects, a strategy that has produced strong returns.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: selling noncore assets or exiting markets and using the proceeds for its development pipeline or acquisitions with strong growth prospects\nEffect: The company regularly recycles capital\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "4f854fe8"
    },
    {
      "context": "The success of ongoing initiatives should set the operating margin back on a improving trajectory in 2022, as investments wind down.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: investments wind down\nEffect: The success of ongoing initiatives should set the operating margin back on a improving trajectory in 2022\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "8039d204"
    },
    {
      "context": "CoreSite has a concentrated portfolio of network-dense data centers, which we think makes its business more attractive than many competitors' over the long term.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: CoreSite has a concentrated portfolio of network-dense data centers\nEffect: its business more attractive than many competitors' over the long term\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "671473eb"
    },
    {
      "context": "Collins Aerospace has significant component placement on the MAX and faces coronavirus headwinds, but we still expect narrow-body sales will allow Collins to produce a revenue CAGR of 8.2%, higher than usual due to a post-pandemic commercial aerospace recovery.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: higher than usual\nEffect: a post-pandemic commercial aerospace recovery\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "d1939ba4"
    },
    {
      "context": "The competitive price environment, structural growth of the discounters' channel, and potential deflationary pressures in the future constitute a toxic combination that could cause negative volume growth and margin pressure in a sector with already low profitability.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: The competitive price environment, structural growth of the discounters' channel, and potential deflationary pressures in the future constitute a toxic combination\nEffect: negative volume growth and margin pressure in a sector with already low profitability\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "dc921209"
    },
    {
      "context": "We've raised our fair value estimate for the New York Stock Exchange-traded shares of Ferrari to $125 from $117 due primarily to the change in currency spot rate to $1.2175/EUR 1 from $1.1633/EUR 1 in our previous model but also the time value of money since our last update.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the change in currency spot rate| the time value of money\nEffect: raised our fair value estimate\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "ce6f070a"
    },
    {
      "context": "We think potential liabilities from the 2019 Kincade Fire and all 2020 fires will be manageable without a significant impact on PG&E's financial health or valuation.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: potential liabilities from the 2019 Kincade Fire and all 2020 fires\nEffect: be manageable without a significant impact on PG&E's financial health or valuation\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "31643516"
    },
    {
      "context": "The current economic environment and the fallout from COVID-19 is a stark reminder of this, where corporate spending, consumer spending, and travel have all been curtailed, significantly affecting Amex's revenues.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: The current economic environment and the fallout from COVID-19\nEffect: corporate spending, consumer spending, and travel have all been curtailed\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "a1019074"
    },
    {
      "context": "The current economic environment and the fallout from COVID-19 is a stark reminder of this, where corporate spending, consumer spending, and travel have all been curtailed, significantly affecting Amex's revenues.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: travel have all been curtailed\nEffect: significantly affecting Amex's revenues\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "c9e12039"
    },
    {
      "context": "To maintain its ability to demand high margins, Zebra spends a relatively large portion of sales on continual research and development to produce hardware that is continually optimized for the modern operating environments and can stave off commoditization.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: maintain its ability to demand high margins\nEffect: Zebra spends a relatively large portion of sales on continual research and development\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "79090b2a"
    },
    {
      "context": "The company's acquisition-focused strategy has contributed to Danaher becoming a top-5 player in the highly fragmented and relatively sticky life science and diagnostic tool markets only about 15 years after its first acquisition in the space (Radiometer in 2004).",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: The company's acquisition-focused strategy\nEffect: Danaher becoming a top-5 player in the highly fragmented and relatively sticky life science and diagnostic tool markets only about 15 years after its first acquisition in the space\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "20efca6c"
    },
    {
      "context": "Grain merchandising is characterized by low margins and fairly high capital requirements, making it difficult to earn excess returns throughout a cycle.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Grain merchandising is characterized by low margins and fairly high capital requirements\nEffect: it difficult to earn excess returns throughout a cycle\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "a33b8688"
    },
    {
      "context": "Shifts away from equity strategies have an adverse effect on revenue as well, as management fees tend to be lower for fixed-income and money market funds than they are for equity-based funds.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: management fees tend to be lower for fixed-income and money market funds than they are for equity-based funds\nEffect: Shifts away from equity strategies have an adverse effect on revenue as wel\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "66328116"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe the COVID-19 pandemic has posed challenges that could lower demand for early-stage trials; however, Charles River has adapted well to the pandemic and seems to have rebounded from COVID-19-related client disruptions.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: he COVID-19 pandemic has posed challenges\nEffect: lower demand for early-stage trials\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "b3ded604"
    },
    {
      "context": "With Prologis' large presence in around 20 countries, we think that over the long run, the company exhibits more sensitivity to international political tensions than some of its domestic competitors.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: With Prologis' large presence in around 20 countries\nEffect: we think that over the long run, the company exhibits more sensitivity to international political tensions than some of its domestic competitors\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "53a26711"
    },
    {
      "context": "Tenants in these areas tend to have higher income and higher income growth than the national average, which allows them to afford higher housing costs and rate increases.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Tenants in these areas tend to have higher income and higher income growth than the national average\nEffect: them to afford higher housing costs and rate increases\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "588fe2f3"
    },
    {
      "context": "For many of its publications, there is no credible alternative to Wiley's offering, eliminating subscribers' ability to switch to another provider.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: there is no credible alternative to Wiley's offering\nEffect: subscribers' ability to switch to another provider\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "cdccc639"
    },
    {
      "context": "We do not think the COVID-19 pandemic has structurally impaired commercial aviation and anticipate a rebound in airlines' revenue passenger kilometers after lockdowns are lifted.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the COVID-19 pandemic\nEffect: structurally impaired commercial aviation\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "bd8bfd81"
    },
    {
      "context": "We're also intrigued by Dunkin's ongoing ''smart pricing'' initiative, which is designed to help franchisees more effectively price by product category instead of blanket recommendations from management, helping to better manage wage inflation.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: help franchisees more effectively price by product category instead of blanket recommendations from management\nEffect: better manage wage inflation\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "829e2ed8"
    },
    {
      "context": "Telefonica has also been involved in some bribery accusations in Spain and Brazil, but we believe these controversies should decline as the company gradually exits Latin American emerging markets.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the company gradually exits Latin American emerging markets\nEffect: these controversies should decline\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "c1b08df3"
    },
    {
      "context": "As a result, large swaths of the phone network remain incapable of delivering the speeds beyond around 20 megabits/second or so, increasingly falling short of customer demand.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: large swaths of the phone network remain incapable of delivering the speeds\nEffect: falling short of customer demand\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "5ae0f4f1"
    },
    {
      "context": "Movements in equity market prices, interest rates/credit spreads, foreign exchange rates or all three could cause the value of the firm's managed assets to decline, which would result in lower investment advisory and administration fees, impacting operating income and cash flows.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Movements in equity market prices, interest rates/credit spreads, foreign exchange rates or all three\nEffect: the value of the firm's managed assets to decline\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "b0a74f94"
    },
    {
      "context": "Tracking billable hours, moreover, is the lifeblood of a law firm, and attorneys must meet stringent annual billing requirements amid both industry pricing and operating efficiency pressures.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Tracking billable hours, moreover, is the lifeblood of a law firm\nEffect: attorneys must meet stringent annual billing requirements amid both industry pricing and operating efficiency pressures\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "9d4852c3"
    },
    {
      "context": "In our base case, we assume contractual rent growth, occupancy and re-leasing spreads suffer due to the coronavirus outbreak that has forced nearly all retail and office properties to remain empty due to government-mandated shelter-in-place orders.  As a result, we expect weak performance through 2022, before the market ultimately recovers and eventually settles at contractual growth of just under 2% in 2029.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: In our base case, we assume contractual rent growth, occupancy and re-leasing spreads suffer due to the coronavirus outbreak that has forced nearly all retail and office properties to remain empty due to government-mandated shelter-in-place orders\nEffect: we expect weak performance through 2022, before the market ultimately recovers and eventually settles at contractual growth of just under 2% in 2029\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "9f35894b"
    },
    {
      "context": "Medtronic has historically focused on innovation, designing and manufacturing devices to address cardiac care, neurological and spinal conditions, and diabetes.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Medtronic has historically focused on innovation, designing and manufacturing devices\nEffect: address cardiac care, neurological and spinal conditions, and diabetes\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "8c74015e"
    },
    {
      "context": "The company consolidated the market in 1960 to create the largest drugmaker that was later expanded into Europe and the United States and then into generics in 1984 with the passage of the Hatch-Waxman Act.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the passage of the Hatch-Waxman Act\nEffect: expanded into Europe and the United States and then into generics in 1984\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "9ef3dfef"
    },
    {
      "context": "We think this is appropriate given the future challenges faced by New York City due to the economic fallout from the pandemic.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: the economic fallout from the pandemic\nEffect: appropriate given the future challenges faced by New York City\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "a034d6aa"
    },
    {
      "context": "The federally-regulated concept of actuarial soundness means each state must appropriately price for both medical risk and other reasonable costs for its Medicaid population in order to receive federal funding.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: each state must appropriately price for both medical risk and other reasonable costs for its Medicaid population\nEffect: receive federal funding\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "523cbe52"
    },
    {
      "context": "The increase is attributable to CRH's favourable exposure to the U.S., where barriers to entry are higher than other regions, and which enjoys a favourable outlook due to increasing infrastructure spending.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: increasing infrastructure spending\nEffect: a favourable outlook\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "56d6a683"
    },
    {
      "context": "The increase is attributable to CRH's favourable exposure to the U.S., where barriers to entry are higher than other regions, and which enjoys a favourable outlook due to increasing infrastructure spending.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: CRH's favourable exposure to the U.S.\nEffect: The increase\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "4321c92f"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe having these additional offerings leads to an improved breadth of products, enabling more cross-selling, higher margins, lower distribution costs, and higher switching costs.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: these additional offerings leads to an improved breadth of products\nEffect: more cross-selling, higher margins, lower distribution costs, and higher switching costs\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "26566f8b"
    },
    {
      "context": "With leading investment bank, commercial bank, credit card, retail bank, and asset and wealth management franchises, JPMorgan is truly a force to be reckoned with.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: leading investment bank, commercial bank, credit card, retail bank, and asset and wealth management franchises\nEffect: JPMorgan is truly a force to be reckoned with\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "0e56928d"
    },
    {
      "context": "Our bookings growth forecast is now for 23.5% average annual growth during 2021-30 versus 21% prior, as demand recovery for Airbnb accommodations has ramped more quickly than previously expected.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: demand recovery for Airbnb accommodations has ramped more quickly than previously expected\nEffect: bookings growth forecast is now for 23.5%\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "d774dc44"
    },
    {
      "context": "Despite having a model that requires franchisees to shoulder significant risk, Snap-on is considered one of the more attractive franchise opportunities by Entrepreneur Magazine and Forbes due to exclusive routes and its premium brand reputation.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: exclusive routes and its premium brand reputation\nEffect: Snap-on is considered one of the more attractive franchise opportunities by Entrepreneur Magazine and Forbes\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "3520087a"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect economic profits to return as the pandemic eases, with our 10-year average estimate of adjusted return on invested capital in the high-20s.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: as the pandemic eases\nEffect: We expect economic profits to return\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "866d5dba"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect economic profits to return as the pandemic eases, with our 10-year average estimate of adjusted return on invested capital in the high-20s.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: as the pandemic eases\nEffect: with our 10-year average estimate of adjusted return on invested capital in the high-20s\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "db4b4815"
    },
    {
      "context": "Also, Astra's operating structure allows for cost-cutting following patent losses to reduce the margin pressure from lost high-margin drug sales.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Astra's operating structure\nEffect: cost-cutting following patent losses\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "8c2a8b0e"
    },
    {
      "context": "Also, Astra's operating structure allows for cost-cutting following patent losses to reduce the margin pressure from lost high-margin drug sales.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: cost-cutting following patent losses\nEffect: reduce the margin pressure from lost high-margin drug sales\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "d14dbf80"
    },
    {
      "context": "Overall, we view the uncertainty for Glaxo as medium, given all the diversification the company has across its platforms offsetting the variable outcomes for drug development and competitive challenges to the firms' leading products.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: all the diversification the company has across its platforms\nEffect: offsetting the variable outcomes for drug development and competitive challenges to the firms' leading products\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "d792cd9c"
    },
    {
      "context": "Targa's leverage puts it among the weakest in our midstream coverage, and we see it as among the most liquidity-constrained midstream firms in our coverage.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Targa's leverage\nEffect: it among the weakest in our midstream coverage, and we see it as among the most liquidity-constrained midstream firms in our coverage\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "90f0ad58"
    },
    {
      "context": "The firm's adjusted OR (expenses/revenue) improved, however, by 30 basis points to 64.4% (a company record) thanks to sustainable cost structure improvements rooted in PSR initiatives.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: sustainable cost structure improvements rooted in PSR initiatives\nEffect: The firm's adjusted OR (expenses/revenue) improved\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "32c901a3"
    },
    {
      "context": "If the firm is unable to effectively source and integrate new employees, it could stymie innovation and affect Splunk's competitive positioning.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: unable to effectively source and integrate new employees\nEffect: stymie innovation and affect Splunk's competitive positioning\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "b068fa32"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe Trip.com's business is subject to high volatility, owing to the fierce competition and cyclical nature of the online travel industry.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the fierce competition and cyclical nature of the online travel industry\nEffect: Trip.com's business is subject to high volatility\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "a2c5207d"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect wireline revenue growth to steadily accelerate throughout our forecast, to about 3% by 2024, as continuing declines in voice revenue become less impactful and BCE's fiber-to-the-home, or FTTH, buildout and higher network quality dominate the segment and propel the firm to further share gains.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: continuing declines in voice revenue become less impactful and BCE's fiber-to-the-home\nEffect: We expect wireline revenue growth to steadily accelerate throughout our forecast\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "bdd7ff3f"
    },
    {
      "context": "Alcoa enjoys full vertical integration, providing more control over its supply chain than many of its competitors, which must secure factors of production from external sources.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: providing more control over its supply chain than many of its competitors\nEffect: secure factors of production from external sources\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "6902d91c"
    },
    {
      "context": "Intangible Assets  In its markets in which it holds a commanding volume share, Ambev has relationships with its customers in both the on trade and off trade that allow it to react quickly to negative competitive events.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Ambev has relationships with its customers in both the on trade and off trade\nEffect: it to react quickly to negative competitive events\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "f2a880c1"
    },
    {
      "context": "While both Cadence and Synopsys provide an end-to-end flow of EDA solutions for the chip design process (Mentor is a little more specialized), customers tend to use different vendors for each stage of the design process. As a result, a business may use Cadence for logic synthesis/analog chips, Synopsys for verification tools/digital design, and Mentor for physical layout/verification.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: While both Cadence and Synopsys provide an end-to-end flow of EDA solutions for the chip design process (Mentor is a little more specialized), customers tend to use different vendors for each stage of the design process\nEffect: a business may use Cadence for logic synthesis/analog chips, Synopsys for verification tools/digital design, and Mentor for physical layout/verification\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "ce97205c"
    },
    {
      "context": "The built-up nature of central business districts across the country allows for a significant concentration of fungible office square footage within a limited area.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: The built-up nature of central business districts across the country\nEffect: a significant concentration of fungible office square footage within a limited area\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "5647ccc2"
    },
    {
      "context": "Additionally, there are indirect costs along those same lines, mainly lost productivity as employees move up a learning curve on the new system, and the distraction of employees involved in the function where the change is occurring.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: employees move up a learning curve on the new system,\nEffect: there are indirect costs along those same lines\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "52d492ad"
    },
    {
      "context": "Additionally, there are indirect costs along those same lines, mainly lost productivity as employees move up a learning curve on the new system, and the distraction of employees involved in the function where the change is occurring.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the distraction of employees involved in the function where the change is occurring\nEffect: there are indirect costs along those same lines\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "a554af47"
    },
    {
      "context": "We think Hain's strategy to turnaround the business is starting to bear fruit, as the firm recognized organic sales growth of 2.6% excluding SKU rationalization and 110 basis points of improved operating margin (to 6.8%) in fiscal 2020.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: firm recognized organic sales growth of 2.6% excluding SKU rationalization and 110 basis points of improved operating margin (to 6.8%) in fiscal 2020\nEffect: Hain's strategy to turnaround the business\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "80d85731"
    },
    {
      "context": "Based on new user attraction/retention trends and off-platform payment growth, we believe 39% average annual top-line growth over the next five years is possible, with payments and other financial technology revenue outpacing marketplace revenue.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: new user attraction/retention trends and off-platform payment growth\nEffect: 39% average annual top-line growth over the next five years\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "f71f4a5f"
    },
    {
      "context": "Kroger's scope should allow it to manage the transition of trade spending; for example, the firm is already offering boosted search placements to food manufacturers, allowing them to pay to have their products listed at the top of search results in a high-impression, high-conversion venue.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Kroger's scope\nEffect: allow it to manage the transition of trade spending\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "b48baaa2"
    },
    {
      "context": "This virtuous cycle of intangible assets brought by heavy R&amp;D and cost advantages brought by better PPA reinforce each other, preventing smaller peers catching up, in our view.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: This virtuous cycle of intangible assets brought by heavy R&amp;D and cost advantages brought by better PPA reinforce each other\nEffect: smaller peers catching up\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "e1b7ddb0"
    },
    {
      "context": "Given the administrative headache and added costs to servicing multiple suppliers, a customer would need to clear a high bar for switching suppliers, and we think this dynamic is evidenced by Sensata's largest 10 customers having an average relationship length of 31 years with the firm, per management.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the administrative headache and added costs to servicing multiple suppliers\nEffect: a customer would need to clear a high bar for switching suppliers\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "c6cafe9d"
    },
    {
      "context": "Delivery can extend Sprouts' appeal to customers who do not regularly drive past a store, but the channel is margin-dilutive even for firms that are able to scale costs over a much larger sales base.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Delivery can extend Sprouts' appeal to customers who do not regularly drive past a store\nEffect: scale costs over a much larger sales base.\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "4636f09f"
    },
    {
      "context": "With a combination of expanding gross margins and incremental operating leverage, we expect Zebra's operating margin to hit 23% in 2025, compared with 15% in 2020.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: a combination of expanding gross margins and incremental operating leverage\nEffect: Zebra's operating margin to hit 23% in 2025\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "b18c0838"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe advertising demand will increase mainly for Tinder ad loads, as advertisers will be able to utilize the valuable user behavior data provided by Tinder to target the apps' millennial users more effectively.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: advertisers will be able to utilize the valuable user behavior data provided by Tinder to target the apps' millennial users more effectively\nEffect: We believe advertising demand will increase mainly for Tinder ad loads\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "a3d9d79b"
    },
    {
      "context": "One effect of climate change is for climates to shift north, which brings warmer weather and fewer snow days to northern climates. As a result, we expect a small decline in normal deicing salt demand over time and limited prospects for sustained price increases.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: One effect of climate change is for climates to shift north, which brings warmer weather and fewer snow days to northern climates\nEffect: a small decline in normal deicing salt demand over time and limited prospects for sustained price increases\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "a0de51dc"
    },
    {
      "context": "While we see the possibility that enterprises will have less need for data centers if they use infrastructure as a service, or IaaS, to a greater extent, our bigger concern is that companies that don't make that move will be able to satisfy their needs with less space.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: they use infrastructure as a service, or IaaS\nEffect: that enterprises will have less need for data centers\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "04fb05b0"
    },
    {
      "context": "While we see the possibility that enterprises will have less need for data centers if they use infrastructure as a service, or IaaS, to a greater extent, our bigger concern is that companies that don't make that move will be able to satisfy their needs with less space.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: companies that don't make that move\nEffect: to satisfy their needs with less space\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "87ba040b"
    },
    {
      "context": "The FVL contract is intended to be awarded in 2022, but the aircraft are not intended to be operational until the early 2030s, which gives us confidence that Bell's military segment will continue earning excess returns until then at least.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the aircraft are not intended to be operational until the early 2030s\nEffect: gives us confidence\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "59fc33ba"
    },
    {
      "context": "Furthermore, the company's nationwide footprint and simple inventory model allow it to leverage distribution and supply chain costs over a large sales base.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: he company's nationwide footprint and simple inventory model\nEffect: leverage distribution and supply chain costs over a large sales base\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "142c2f4f"
    },
    {
      "context": "With a lower total cost of ownership from SSDs in many PC applications, we anticipate there will be an ongoing decline in annual HDD sales as SSDs increase share and as PC unit sales generally decline.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: With a lower total cost of ownership from SSDs in many PC applications\nEffect: we anticipate there will be an ongoing decline in annual HDD sales as SSDs increase share and as PC unit sales generally decline.\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "2c955732"
    },
    {
      "context": "While the COVID-19 pandemic has created headwinds in some industries that Twilio services such as ride-sharing and dining, this has been offset by tailwinds in areas such as food delivery and telehealth.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: tailwinds in areas such as food delivery and telehealth\nEffect: the COVID-19 pandemic has created headwinds in some industries that Twilio services\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "36623e66"
    },
    {
      "context": "As university faculty members, researchers, specialized practitioners, and scientists depend on ready access to journal articles to stay current in their fields and disseminate their research, libraries are loath to cut subscriptions their constituents demand.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: university faculty members, researchers, specialized practitioners, and scientists depend on ready access to journal articles to stay current in their fields and disseminate their research\nEffect: libraries are loath to cut subscriptions their constituents demand.\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "ecaae242"
    },
    {
      "context": "Beyond the legal power of patents, even slightly differentiated technical features can cause an end user to prefer one tool over a similar tool in the company's precise scientific end markets, so we think those other intangible assets contribute to Illumina's competitive advantages, too.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: slightly differentiated technical features\nEffect: an end user to prefer one tool over a similar tool in the company's precise scientific end markets\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "1479e548"
    },
    {
      "context": "Beyond the legal power of patents, even slightly differentiated technical features can cause an end user to prefer one tool over a similar tool in the company's precise scientific end markets, so we think those other intangible assets contribute to Illumina's competitive advantages, too.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: even slightly differentiated technical features can cause an end user to prefer one tool over a similar tool in the company's precise scientific end markets\nEffect: those other intangible assets contribute to Illumina's competitive advantages, too\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "a3d043f9"
    },
    {
      "context": "Since Aduhelm gained approval based on one successful study, we believe the probability that donanemab will be approved is 85% based on the successful phase 2 Trailblazer study.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Aduhelm gained approval based on one successful study\nEffect: we believe the probability that donanemab will be approved is 85% based on the successful phase 2 Trailblazer study\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "8e8f6a22"
    },
    {
      "context": "Lastly, fluid handling benefits from its large installed base because customers tend to be risk-averse and often replace products like-for-like.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: its large installed base\nEffect: fluid handling benefits\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "2d889254"
    },
    {
      "context": "Lastly, fluid handling benefits from its large installed base because customers tend to be risk-averse and often replace products like-for-like.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: fluid handling benefits from its large installed base\nEffect: customers tend to be risk-averse and often replace products like-for-like\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "3f72bece"
    },
    {
      "context": "Because of the high concentrations of potassium in the brines and nitrates in the company's caliche ore, SQM also holds a cost-advantaged position in specialty fertilizers.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the high concentrations of potassium in the brines and nitrates in the company's caliche ore\nEffect: SQM also holds a cost-advantaged position in specialty fertilizers\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "dcc80d49"
    },
    {
      "context": "This makes the products more appealing to distributors and retailers, in turn increasing the likelihood that they will win shelf space.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the products more appealing to distributors and retailers\nEffect: in turn increasing the likelihood that they will win shelf space\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "a1f17ab5"
    },
    {
      "context": "Due to the 10-nm delay, Intel remained on a 14-nm process first launched in 2014 and has been upgrading/optimizing the architecture in subsequent years to maintain healthy margins and garner the necessary chip performance improvements.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the 10-nm delay, Intel remained on a 14-nm process first launched in 2014 and has been upgrading/optimizing the architecture in subsequent years\nEffect: maintain healthy margins and garner the necessary chip performance improvements\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "0c5f233a"
    },
    {
      "context": "We observe that in the past decade more stringent diesel environmental regulations have led to increased revenue and profitability for Cummins as it captures a large share of vehicle content.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: stringent diesel environmental regulations have\nEffect: increased revenue and profitability for Cummins\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "28786c40"
    },
    {
      "context": "Product positioning is particularly important in premiumizing markets because beer is often consumed in a social environment, particularly in the on-premise channel, so brand choice is fairly conspicuous.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: beer is often consumed in a social environment, particularly in the on-premise channel\nEffect: Product positioning is particularly important in premiumizing markets\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "6e032f55"
    },
    {
      "context": "We project $200 million-$300 million in dispositions annually at an average cap rate of 5.25% and $100 million-$200 million of acquisitions at 4.75% cap rates as the company looks to recycle lower-quality assets to fund the acquisition of higher-quality assets.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the company looks to recycle lower-quality assets to fund the acquisition of higher-quality assets\nEffect: We project $200 million-$300 million in dispositions annually at an average cap rate of 5.25% and $100 million-$200 million of acquisitions at 4.75% cap rates\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "4b6cdb01"
    },
    {
      "context": "AEP is addressing this risk through its capital investment program and the planned retirement of half its coal fleet by 2030. This will reduce coal generation as a share of AEP's total generation mix to roughly 20%, a number we think will continue to decline.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: AEP is addressing this risk through its capital investment program and the planned retirement of half its coal fleet by 2030\nEffect: reduce coal generation as a share of AEP's total generation mix to roughly 20%, a number we think will continue to decline\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "5a636eba"
    },
    {
      "context": "With video subscriptions in the cable industry declining with cord-cutting, we don't see Lumen's lack of that service as too problematic.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: cord-cutting\nEffect: video subscriptions in the cable industry declining\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "ba2b5fd9"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect 8% compound annual sales growth for ON through 2025, inclusive of supernormal 21% growth in 2021 as end markets rebound from the coronanvirus' effects in 2020.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: end markets rebound from the coronanvirus' effects in 2020\nEffect: 8% compound annual sales growth for ON through 2025, inclusive of supernormal 21% growth in 2021\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "006656c2"
    },
    {
      "context": "Although we'd anticipate there could be years of economic profit generation when supply has been slow to respond with expansions, we do not have confidence that cannabis companies could consistently earn positive economic profits over the next decade.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: supply has been slow to respond with expansions\nEffect: could be years of economic profit generation\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "4115d709"
    },
    {
      "context": "We contend that Williams-Sonoma's brand intangible asset has historically been the supporting factor in the firm's top- and bottom-line growth, as its ability to drive repeat business is widely reliant on customer loyalty and smart marketing and merchandising.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: its ability to drive repeat business is widely reliant on customer loyalty and smart marketing and merchandising\nEffect: Williams-Sonoma's brand intangible asset has historically been the supporting factor in the firm's top- and bottom-line growth\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "05375dd5"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe the ability to add technologies via subscriptions in the Palo Alto framework can alleviate complications by providing more holistic security, which can generate sustainable demand.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: providing more holistic security\nEffect: alleviate complications\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "59dd009b"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe the ability to add technologies via subscriptions in the Palo Alto framework can alleviate complications by providing more holistic security, which can generate sustainable demand.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the ability to add technologies via subscriptions in the Palo Alto framework\nEffect: generate sustainable demand\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "9018d3ae"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe loan growth should eventually pick up as the economy recovers and opportunities present themselves in California and Texas.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: economy recovers and opportunities\nEffect: loan growth should eventually pick up\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "b599e6d8"
    },
    {
      "context": "Faster Internet connections and more capable devices have made online television a more compelling alternative to traditional cable and satellite.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Faster Internet connections and more capable devices\nEffect: online television a more compelling alternative to traditional cable and satellite\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "1eb760e8"
    },
    {
      "context": "After Five Below saw 10% comparable growth during the holiday season, we are lifting our valuation to $114 per share (from $103).",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Five Below saw 10% comparable growth during the holiday season\nEffect: we are lifting our valuation to $114 per share (from $103)\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "b1421d21"
    },
    {
      "context": "Because of its reliance on acquisitions, Group 1 always faces the risk of overpaying for a dealership or taking on too much debt to finance new deals.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: its reliance on acquisitions\nEffect: Group 1 always faces the risk of overpaying for a dealership or taking on too much debt to finance new deals\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "31cfa5f2"
    },
    {
      "context": "In an event, Virgin has a long lead time to grab market share in most of the country as customer speed demands ratchet higher.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: customer speed demands ratchet higher\nEffect: Virgin has a long lead time to grab market share in most of the country\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "c9c8ccb2"
    },
    {
      "context": "Payments and other technology investments bleed over into the corporate payments space, where Wells' treasury and payments management platform has helped the bank maintain excellent share in the commercial market, particularly with middle-market business clients.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Payments and other technology investments bleed over into the corporate payments space\nEffect: Wells' treasury and payments management platform has helped the bank maintain excellent share in the commercial market\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "93e2be99"
    },
    {
      "context": "That said, BlackRock has seen solid organic growth from its higher fee earning active equity platform, which has provided some offset to ongoing fee compression.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: BlackRock has seen solid organic growth from its higher fee earning active equity platform\nEffect: has provided some offset to ongoing fee compression\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "ac6b713d"
    },
    {
      "context": "This makes a longer-term lease beneficial to the tenant, so the fact that most leases are typically 15 years in length with multiple extension options shows that the tenant has more power in negotiations.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: This makes a longer-term lease beneficial to the tenant\nEffect: most leases are typically 15 years in length with multiple extension options shows that the tenant has more power in negotiations\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "816aaae3"
    },
    {
      "context": "PSEG is addressing New Jersey's aggressive clean energy goals with up to $15 billion of investment during the next five years to support clean energy, safety, and reliability.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: PSEG is addressing New Jersey's aggressive clean energy goals with up to $15 billion of investment during the next five years\nEffect: upport clean energy, safety, and reliability\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "e13d89ee"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect Abbott can partially close the operating margin gap and project 450 basis points of improvement by 2024, as the firm leverages the distribution infrastructure it has built out for penetration of emerging markets across its product segments and extracts cost synergies from its recent acquisitions.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the firm leverages the distribution infrastructure it has built out for penetration of emerging markets\nEffect: Abbott can partially close the operating margin gap and project 450 basis points of improvement\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "5df097dc"
    },
    {
      "context": "Given the commitment and capital it has already dedicated to wireless, failure to gain meaningful share in wireless will likely lead the company to economic losses for the foreseeable future.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: failure to gain meaningful share in wireless\nEffect: likely lead the company to economic losses for the foreseeable future.\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "0f129cdb"
    },
    {
      "context": "A cost advantage can be achieved by either superior underwriting by, for example, focusing on particular lines of business and underwriting them better than competitors.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: focusing on particular lines of business and underwriting them better than competitors\nEffect: A cost advantage\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "0e6f08fe"
    },
    {
      "context": "In this hypothetical scenario, NEVA was able to automate a 2-minute process that the agent would complete over 900 times annually, resulting in 35 hours of additional productivity per year for the agent.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the agent would complete over 900 times annually\nEffect: 35 hours of additional productivity per year for the agent\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "e0743b81"
    },
    {
      "context": "Sealed Air's market dominance in integrated packaging systems makes it challenging to capture a share of consumables from the company.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: Sealed Air's market dominance in integrated packaging systems\nEffect: capture a share of consumables from the company\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "fc1d84c8"
    },
    {
      "context": "After reviewing Dover's 10-K and rolling our model, we raise our fair value estimate to $116 per share from $113, mostly due to slightly raising our midcycle margin, though this was offset by bringing down some of our organic revenue assumptions over the medium term.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: slightly raising our midcycle margin\nEffect: we raise our fair value estimate to $116 per share from $113\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "be1e6efb"
    },
    {
      "context": "After reviewing Dover's 10-K and rolling our model, we raise our fair value estimate to $116 per share from $113, mostly due to slightly raising our midcycle margin, though this was offset by bringing down some of our organic revenue assumptions over the medium term.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: bringing down some of our organic revenue assumptions over the medium term\nEffect: slightly raising our midcycle margin\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "4f6c2dc3"
    },
    {
      "context": "To have long-term success, Bio-Techne needs to maintain a dominant position in proteins, and at the same time expand its presence in genomics, without compromising on quality standards across the firm's large protein portfolio.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Bio-Techne needs to maintain a dominant position in proteins\nEffect: have long-term success\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "22508bb3"
    },
    {
      "context": "To have long-term success, Bio-Techne needs to maintain a dominant position in proteins, and at the same time expand its presence in genomics, without compromising on quality standards across the firm's large protein portfolio.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: compromising on quality standards across the firm's large protein portfolio\nEffect: have long-term success\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "93baea02"
    },
    {
      "context": "To have long-term success, Bio-Techne needs to maintain a dominant position in proteins, and at the same time expand its presence in genomics, without compromising on quality standards across the firm's large protein portfolio.",
      "question": "2 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: expand its presence in genomics\nEffect: have long-term success\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "6f5c5bfb"
    },
    {
      "context": "Martin Marietta's biggest ESG risks are around increased regulation of emissions in both its own production and the use of its products by customers, potential accusations of price collusion in local markets, and increased regulation of water usage in its production process.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: increased regulation of emissions in both its own production and the use of its products by customers, potential accusations of price collusion in local markets, and increased regulation of water usage in its production process\nEffect: Martin Marietta's biggest ESG risks\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "fc3a7634"
    },
    {
      "context": "Although we expect the company to expand its operating results, there are a few notable risks in the cybersecurity market, and Palo Alto's strategic efforts could inhibit our outlook.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: Palo Alto's strategic efforts\nEffect: our outlook\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "831c92da"
    },
    {
      "context": "We think that centralizing research and development allows the firm to manufacture products for a materially lower cost than its competitors, all while using this hefty investment to maintain an innovation lead that results in leading share positions in its end markets.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: centralizing research\nEffect: manufacture products for a materially lower cost than its competitors\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "be2c6419"
    },
    {
      "context": "Skilled services like these are generally provided under long-term agreements and has allowed Emerson to move from purely an equipment and traditional service business, to increasingly providing consulting services.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Skilled services like these are generally provided under long-term agreements\nEffect: Emerson to move from purely an equipment and traditional service business, to increasingly providing consulting services\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "22af0b82"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe that Cooper's large advertising spending and salesforce mobilization is yet another cost that makes it unlikely for new competitors to attempt to enter the IUD space, especially when more lucrative options exist.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: Cooper's large advertising spending and salesforce mobilization\nEffect: new competitors to attempt to enter the IUD space, especially when more lucrative options exist\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "eded7edb"
    },
    {
      "context": "Furthermore, we suspect that many customers are holding on to their phones longer as premium devices are more than good enough for today's needs (web browsing, media streaming, social media) and potentially tomorrow's (virtual/augmented reality).",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: premium devices are more than good enough for today's needs (web browsing, media streaming, social media) and potentially tomorrow's (virtual/augmented reality).\nEffect: many customers are holding on to their phones longer\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "b2ca77e1"
    },
    {
      "context": "The larger and more frequent the volume changes are, the less efficient the asset is, particularly when a barrel's destination can change from Corpus Christi to Cushing to the Gulf Coast, requiring incremental investment with a less certain long-term return.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: The larger and more frequent the volume changes\nEffect: the less efficient the asset is\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "a9b3a1e0"
    },
    {
      "context": "Reflecting solid third-quarter results (12% comparable growth), we are lifting our valuation of Dollar General to $181 per share from $177.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Reflecting solid third-quarter results (12% comparable growth)\nEffect: valuation of Dollar General to $181 per share from $177\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "3061d64e"
    },
    {
      "context": "However, the Direct Energy acquisition in 2021 expands NRG's retail presence in Texas and introduces the company to new retail markets outside Texas where it has no wholesale generation.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the Direct Energy acquisition in 2021\nEffect: expands NRG's retail presence in Texas and introduces the company to new retail markets outside Texas\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "a16552d0"
    },
    {
      "context": "In one case study provided by Littelfuse, a manufacturing customer would incur $1 million in damage along with months of downtime due to a critical electrical failure connected to a transformer that could be prevented with an arc relay.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: a critical electrical failure connected to a transformer\nEffect: incur $1 million in damage along with months of downtime\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "2f66e57f"
    },
    {
      "context": "Gross renewable generation capacity is expected to grow from about 7 gigawatts today to 35 GW by 2025 as Total invests a minimum of $2 billion per year or about 15% of total spending from 2021.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Total invests a minimum of $2 billion per year or about 15% of total spending from 2021\nEffect: Gross renewable generation capacity is expected to grow from about 7 gigawatts today to 35 GW by 2025\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "80d57b69"
    },
    {
      "context": "With 3M's current lineup, we forecast the firm will increasingly direct its R&D and capital expenditures toward these divisions, which we conclude are higher-growing portions of GDP.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the firm will increasingly direct its R&D and capital expenditures toward these divisions\nEffect: higher-growing portions of GDP\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "b77a381f"
    },
    {
      "context": "Some of Xilinx's FPGAs are used extensively in communication equipment that may have operational lifetimes of at least a decade if not longer. Thus, it can not only be difficult for new entrants to gain market share but also less likely that existing customers defect from Altera to Xilinx or vice versa.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Some of Xilinx's FPGAs are used extensively in communication equipment that may have operational lifetimes of at least a decade if not longer\nEffect: it can not only be difficult for new entrants to gain market share but also less likely that existing customers defect from Altera to Xilinx or vice versa\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "3e9d7223"
    },
    {
      "context": "Hard parts are increasingly complex and can vary significantly depending on the model year and selected options on any vehicle.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the model year and selected options on any vehicle\nEffect: Hard parts are increasingly complex and can vary significantly\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "eacf486d"
    },
    {
      "context": "When combined with our expectation for few new towers built each year, we expect capital expenditures as a percentage of sales to drop substantially over the next decade.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: When combined with our expectation for few new towers built each year\nEffect: we expect capital expenditures as a percentage of sales to drop substantially over the next decade\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "717d97a5"
    },
    {
      "context": "Given the expense associated with chip design, the margin for error is virtually non-existent, as a result of which designers are more likely to prefer tools that they are comfortable utilizing and would lead to lower chance of them making a mistake.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Given the expense associated with chip design, the margin for error is virtually non-existent\nEffect: designers are more likely to prefer tools that they are comfortable utilizing and would lead to lower chance of them making a mistake\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "32f175dd"
    },
    {
      "context": "A weak global employment market could also prompt potential money transfer customers to stay in their home countries or reduce the amount of money they can send home.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: A weak global employment market\nEffect: prompt potential money transfer customers to stay in their home countries or reduce the amount of money they can send home\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "95e15faa"
    },
    {
      "context": "Longer term, even with store closures and updated merchandising tactics, we think it could be difficult to maintain consistent comp growth given the competitive nature of the home furnishing industry.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the competitive nature of the home furnishing industry\nEffect: it could be difficult to maintain consistent comp growth\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "6e8ded29"
    },
    {
      "context": "Nevertheless, after an inorganic double-digit decline in 2022 due to the portfolio transition, we expect 3%-4% growth for this business throughout our forecast.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the portfolio transition\nEffect: an inorganic double-digit decline in 2022\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "4c11489e"
    },
    {
      "context": "The short life-cycles and transient tastes of the smartphone market, and consumer products generally, mean research and development programs may develop costly products only to be unable to realize a suitable market.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: The short life-cycles and transient tastes of the smartphone market, and consumer products generally\nEffect: research and development programs may develop costly products only to be unable to realize a suitable market\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "a7049abd"
    },
    {
      "context": "Overall, net sales per unit in the Malibu segment have increased 33% since 2016, driven primarily by customer acquisition of more expensive models and by add-on features such as Surf Gate.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: customer acquisition of more expensive models and by add-on features such as Surf Gate\nEffect: net sales per unit in the Malibu segment have increased 33% since 2016\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "d7b90c3d"
    },
    {
      "context": "ICE's equity trading is likely to continue to face stiff headwinds as new competitors and alternative liquidity providers encroach on the New York Stock Exchange.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: new competitors and alternative liquidity providers encroach on the New York Stock Exchange\nEffect: ICE's equity trading is likely to continue to face stiff headwinds\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "196e15f8"
    },
    {
      "context": "We think that Mint has lower switching costs than TurboTax, given that it pertains to something less imperative than taxes, which is checking up on one's financial health.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: it pertains to something less imperative than taxes, which is checking up on one's financial health\nEffect: Mint has lower switching costs than TurboTax\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "2f0afe4c"
    },
    {
      "context": "Paychex's customers will hire employees for their HR departments; however, the employee will actually be technically employed by Paychex. This way, smaller employers can access better rates for insurance and health benefits that Paychex can access as a larger employer.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Paychex's customers will hire employees for their HR departments; however, the employee will actually be technically employed by Paychex\nEffect: smaller employers can access better rates for insurance and health benefits that Paychex can access as a larger employer\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "8dfee4bf"
    },
    {
      "context": "Even so, premium brands such as Mercedes-Benz limit exposure to downturns suffered by mass-market auto companies because wealthier customers' spending is less sensitive to recessions.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: wealthier customers' spending is less sensitive to recessions\nEffect: premium brands such as Mercedes-Benz limit exposure to downturns suffered by mass-market auto companies\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "e3a4554e"
    },
    {
      "context": "Outside of its exchanges and their associated revenue streams, Nasdaq has built broad product offerings in the corporate services and investment analytics spaces using a combination of acquisitions and organic investments.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: a combination of acquisitions and organic investments\nEffect: Nasdaq has built broad product offerings in the corporate services and investment analytics spaces\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "aab87e19"
    },
    {
      "context": "Larger case volumes per store help food distributors manage delivery costs per case, particularly with expensive last-mile delivery, while in-house technological capabilities offer chains the advantage of paying for food products without added services such as inventory management, promotional strategies, or consulting services.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Larger case volumes per store\nEffect: food distributors manage delivery costs per case\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "cea7b08b"
    },
    {
      "context": "Larger case volumes per store help food distributors manage delivery costs per case, particularly with expensive last-mile delivery, while in-house technological capabilities offer chains the advantage of paying for food products without added services such as inventory management, promotional strategies, or consulting services.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: in-house technological capabilities\nEffect: the advantage of paying for food products without added services such as inventory management, promotional strategies, or consulting services\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "ecfc7a87"
    },
    {
      "context": "Given the growth we see from growing mass gambling and nongaming activity, we project Macao EBITDA margins to remain steady at 36.5% in 2030 from 36.1% in 2019, despite higher expected license-renewal fees beginning in 2022.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the growth we see from growing mass gambling and nongaming activity\nEffect: we project Macao EBITDA margins to remain steady at 36.5% in 2030 from 36.1% in 2019\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "14720599"
    },
    {
      "context": "In our view, top-line growth will be driven by continued new logo wins, and rapid upsell into those clients once landed, with upsell coming from new seats, new features within a given solution, and ultimately additional products.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: continued new logo wins, and rapid upsell into those clients once landed\nEffect: top-line growth\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "fd8aee1d"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe that the increase in recurring revenue per client is largely due to clients adopting additional applications rather than an increase in head count.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: clients adopting additional applications rather than an increase in head count\nEffect: the increase in recurring revenue per client\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "3e69d9e7"
    },
    {
      "context": "On the consumer side, JPMorgan is able to cross-sell multiple products, providing advantaged pricing to key customer segments (such as through its Sapphire banking program), and spread the overall costs of customer acquisition across more revenue streams.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: cross-sell multiple products\nEffect: providing advantaged pricing to key customer segments (such as through its Sapphire banking program), and spread the overall costs of customer acquisition across more revenue streams\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "dab48e4b"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect opportunities for cost-cutting resulting from recent acquisitions, but unpredictable economic and competitive challenges in certain markets will likely introduce volatility and keep margin improvements modest.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: unpredictable economic and competitive challenges in certain markets\nEffect: introduce volatility and keep margin improvements modest\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "bdcb51a6"
    },
    {
      "context": "In periods of tight supply and favorable pricing, Seagate can earn excess returns on invested capital, but when the market hits oversupply, pricing falls, bringing Seagate's economic profits with it.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: In periods of tight supply and favorable pricing\nEffect: Seagate can earn excess returns on invested capital\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "c0a41fa7"
    },
    {
      "context": "In periods of tight supply and favorable pricing, Seagate can earn excess returns on invested capital, but when the market hits oversupply, pricing falls, bringing Seagate's economic profits with it.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the market hits oversupply, pricing falls\nEffect: Seagate's economic profits with it\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "aebc7e5a"
    },
    {
      "context": "The retail services unit (just over 35% of revenue) should benefit from premiumization and rising vehicle complexity, with a return to low-double-digit same-store sales growth systemwide as the pandemic eases (after 2% expansion in fiscal 2020 as the pandemic depressed traffic).",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the pandemic eases\nEffect: The retail services unit (just over 35% of revenue) should benefit from premiumization and rising vehicle complexity, with a return to low-double-digit same-store sales growth systemwide\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "e6576555"
    },
    {
      "context": "The sale of Alliance Data Systems' Epsilon has placed even more pressure on this business structure as it depleted the asset base at the parent level and left Card Services as the dominant source of income for the firm.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: it depleted the asset base at the parent level and left Card Services as the dominant source of income for the firm\nEffect: The sale of Alliance Data Systems' Epsilon has placed even more pressure on this business structure\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "dec62260"
    },
    {
      "context": "If enterprise software experienced significant downtime or suffered a poor software release, or if a company's servers were not properly maintained or well balanced in terms of loads, a company could bear immense costs.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: enterprise software experienced significant downtime or suffered a poor software release\nEffect: a company could bear immense costs\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "29b7384c"
    },
    {
      "context": "If enterprise software experienced significant downtime or suffered a poor software release, or if a company's servers were not properly maintained or well balanced in terms of loads, a company could bear immense costs.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: a company's servers were not properly maintained or well balanced in terms of loads\nEffect: a company could bear immense costs\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "553692c2"
    },
    {
      "context": "We see some evidence of customer switching costs as technicians become familiar with Matco's platform, and we expect the firm's SaaS-based offerings to help increase the business' recurring revenue stream and increase customer stickiness in the long run.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: technicians become familiar with Matco's platform\nEffect: We see some evidence of customer switching costs\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "01867a31"
    },
    {
      "context": "We see some evidence of customer switching costs as technicians become familiar with Matco's platform, and we expect the firm's SaaS-based offerings to help increase the business' recurring revenue stream and increase customer stickiness in the long run.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the firm's SaaS-based offerings\nEffect: increase the business' recurring revenue stream and increase customer stickiness in the long run\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "bd777a86"
    },
    {
      "context": "Beverage concentrates sales constitute 13% of revenue but roughly 30% of operating income, and the reality is that the structurally higher margins and lower capital intensity of this segment contribute materially to Keurig Dr Pepper's excess returns.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: structurally higher margins and lower capital intensity of this segment\nEffect: contribute materially to Keurig Dr Pepper's excess returns\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "7a5a1e0a"
    },
    {
      "context": "Adient is in the process of consolidating some of its Chinese seating joint ventures so it can pursue business with more Japanese, German, and startup electric vehicle firms.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Adient is in the process of consolidating some of its Chinese seating joint ventures\nEffect: it can pursue business with more Japanese, German, and startup electric vehicle firms\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "882c7253"
    },
    {
      "context": "This ability of users to customize their Nice products and generate personalized analytics and integrations is likely to attract new customers, which in turn will attract new developers as they can reach a wider audience.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: This ability of users to customize their Nice products and generate personalized analytics and integrations\nEffect: attract new customers\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "8251fb50"
    },
    {
      "context": "This ability of users to customize their Nice products and generate personalized analytics and integrations is likely to attract new customers, which in turn will attract new developers as they can reach a wider audience.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: they can reach a wider audience\nEffect: attract new developers\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "e6bb1db2"
    },
    {
      "context": "A small number of large apparel retailers have created a cost advantage by negotiating lower rates from suppliers and getting new products into their stores faster than others.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: negotiating lower rates from suppliers and getting new products into their stores faster than others\nEffect: A small number of large apparel retailers have created a cost advantage\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "d787f986"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect the company to increase the percentage of content on the broadcast network created in-house (currently above 70%) to fully capture the multiple cash flows that a hit show can produce.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the company to increase the percentage of content on the broadcast network created in-house (currently above 70%)\nEffect: fully capture the multiple cash flows that a hit show can produce\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "351c30a9"
    },
    {
      "context": "The company has a history of goodwill and fixed-asset impairments, so book value could decline if a large impairment is taken.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: The company has a history of goodwill and fixed-asset impairments\nEffect: book value could decline if a large impairment is taken\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "dd54d9a2"
    },
    {
      "context": "Regulations on its products, such as a ban on certain chemicals, represent a risk to Scotts, as it would have to reformulate products.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: it would have to reformulate products\nEffect: Regulations on its products, such as a ban on certain chemicals, represent a risk to Scotts\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "12e88590"
    },
    {
      "context": "In fact, we believe the primary reason states outsource to managed-care providers relates to the structural cost advantage managed-care plans typically have over the traditional Medicaid fee-for-service plans.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the structural cost advantage managed-care plans typically have over the traditional Medicaid fee-for-service plans\nEffect: states outsource to managed-care providers\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "b1ef70b4"
    },
    {
      "context": "Texas legislation also passed in 2015 virtually eliminates regulatory lag by allowing rate adjustments for capital investments 30 days prospectively and 155 days retroactively.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: rate adjustments for capital investments 30 days prospectively and 155 days retroactively\nEffect: eliminates regulatory lag\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "44007e50"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe that the demand for snowmobiles will be tempered by a lengthy product replacement cycle, but that the leading market constituent should be able to deliver the best new product and take price.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: the leading market constituent should be able to deliver the best new product and take price\nEffect: the demand for snowmobiles will be tempered by a lengthy product replacement cycle\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "fdde8262"
    },
    {
      "context": "In short, the pandemic has accelerated the broader shift to e-commerce sales, pulling forward years of B2C package growth and driving up residential deliveries for ground.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the pandemic has accelerated the broader shift to e-commerce sales\nEffect: pulling forward years of B2C package growth and driving up residential deliveries for ground\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "09f8921a"
    },
    {
      "context": "We think that any stagnation in Corning's ability to innovate, or renewed vigor or capital intensity from a competitor, could eat into Corning's leading market share.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: any stagnation in Corning's ability to innovate, or renewed vigor or capital intensity from a competitor\nEffect: eat into Corning's leading market share\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "00bd1d10"
    },
    {
      "context": "The next nine partners make up about 30% of revenue, and any bankruptcy among them would create pressure on the company.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: The next nine partners make up about 30% of revenue, and any bankruptcy among them\nEffect: pressure on the company\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "1e48c309"
    },
    {
      "context": "State and federal regulators typically grant regulated utilities exclusive rights to charge customers rates that allow the utilities to earn a fair return on and of the capital it invests to build, operate, and maintain their distribution networks.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: State and federal regulators typically grant regulated utilities exclusive rights to charge customers rates\nEffect: the utilities to earn a fair return on and of the capital it invests to build, operate, and maintain their distribution networks\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "9ac4aaa4"
    },
    {
      "context": "Along with competitor Arrow, we believe Avnet has positioned itself well to benefit from broad-based demand for electronic content in a variety of consumer products, automotive, medical, and industrial end markets, due to the growing need for connectivity and automation.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the growing need for connectivity and automation\nEffect: we believe Avnet has positioned itself well to benefit from broad-based demand for electronic content in a variety of consumer products, automotive, medical, and industrial end markets\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "b2b7ac98"
    },
    {
      "context": "In addition, we believe that dominate players such as TAL should continue to gain market share due to its innovation, scales, and teacher quality with standardized facilities and teaching materials.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: its innovation, scales, and teacher quality with standardized facilities and teaching materials\nEffect: dominate players such as TAL should continue to gain market share\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "d65714f5"
    },
    {
      "context": "Geographically, we expect the Mexico and Central America segment to outpace South America, particularly in price, owing to the company's dominance in Mexico.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the company's dominance in Mexico\nEffect: the Mexico and Central America segment to outpace South America\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "c68222d0"
    },
    {
      "context": "While the intensity of new reward offers from its competitors has slackened from its peak, the overall trend of increasing rewards remains in place, and American Express will need to follow in order to stay relevant.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the overall trend of increasing rewards remains in place\nEffect: to stay relevant\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "e3aa1bd2"
    },
    {
      "context": "Rebuilt North American and European herds should give way to higher slaughter rates in the coming years, boosting the amount of resin packaging sold by Sealed Air.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Rebuilt North American and European herds\nEffect: give way to higher slaughter rates in the coming years\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "8a92ecb1"
    },
    {
      "context": "Rebuilt North American and European herds should give way to higher slaughter rates in the coming years, boosting the amount of resin packaging sold by Sealed Air.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: give way to higher slaughter rates in the coming years\nEffect: boosting the amount of resin packaging sold by Sealed Air\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "1be2e2d4"
    },
    {
      "context": "As a result of the competitive gaming markets it competes in, Caesars' 6.3% return on invested capital including goodwill on average the past three prepandemic years (2017-19) sits below its 8.7% weighted average cost of capital, supporting our stance that it has failed to carve out an edge.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the competitive gaming markets it competes in\nEffect: Caesars' 6.3% return on invested capital including goodwill on average the past three prepandemic years (2017-19) sits below its 8.7% weighted average cost of capital\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "d45ec342"
    },
    {
      "context": "As a result of the competitive gaming markets it competes in, Caesars' 6.3% return on invested capital including goodwill on average the past three prepandemic years (2017-19) sits below its 8.7% weighted average cost of capital, supporting our stance that it has failed to carve out an edge.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the competitive gaming markets it competes in\nEffect: supporting our stance that it has failed to carve out an edge\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "5dd131c0"
    },
    {
      "context": "Exxon's upstream greenhouse gas intensity is rather high for its peer group at 38 kg CO2e/boe (2019) by our estimates due to its oil sands operations, making it a higher-cost producer.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: its oil sands operations, making it a higher-cost producer\nEffect: Exxon's upstream greenhouse gas intensity is rather high for its peer group at 38 kg CO2e/boe (2019) by our estimates\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "aa8849ba"
    },
    {
      "context": "We use a 6.9% weighted average cost of capital in our assumption, consistent with our view that the firm maintains low revenue sensitivity to systemic risk, due to the relative outperformance of value-oriented QSR concepts during periods of economic stress.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the relative outperformance of value-oriented QSR concepts during periods of economic stress\nEffect: the firm maintains low revenue sensitivity to systemic risk\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "be6f9aa9"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect that COVID-19 will result in catastrophic 2020 results for Kohl's, as we forecast a sales decline of 20% and an adjusted EBITDA drop of more than 75%.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: COVID-19\nEffect: catastrophic 2020 results for Kohl's\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "5c39feb3"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect that COVID-19 will result in catastrophic 2020 results for Kohl's, as we forecast a sales decline of 20% and an adjusted EBITDA drop of more than 75%.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: we forecast a sales decline of 20% and an adjusted EBITDA drop of more than 75%\nEffect: COVID-19 will result in catastrophic 2020 results for Kohl's\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "57707915"
    },
    {
      "context": "Due to the low-risk nature of the utility and ASB, we assume a 7.5% cost of equity versus the 9% rate of return we expect investors will demand of a diversified equity portfolio.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the low-risk nature of the utility and ASB\nEffect: we assume a 7.5% cost of equity versus\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "0987adab"
    },
    {
      "context": "It is much more efficient for customers to trade two different equity index futures on the same exchange as this allows futures traders to net their positions out when posting collateral.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: this allows futures traders to net their positions out when posting collateral\nEffect: It is much more efficient for customers to trade two different equity index futures on the same exchange\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "0456aa1d"
    },
    {
      "context": "For a time, this seemed to be happening, with the company experiencing a stretch of lower per unit revenue year over year from price competition.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: price competition\nEffect: company experiencing a stretch of lower per unit revenue year over year\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "3b117883"
    },
    {
      "context": "A slowdown in the real estate market, which could be indicated by increased home inventories for sale or slower growth in new- or used-home prices, could alter the wealth effect on consumers and cause them to spend less on replacing goods in their homes.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: A slowdown in the real estate market, which could be indicated by increased home inventories for sale or slower growth in new- or used-home prices\nEffect: spend less on replacing goods in their homes\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "2f9945ad"
    },
    {
      "context": "The existence of very large rig-building projects with corresponding large backlog levels could serve as a risk to National Oilwell Varco.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: very large rig-building projects with corresponding large backlog levels\nEffect: a risk to National Oilwell Varco\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "2b84fb24"
    },
    {
      "context": "That said, since NXP is based in the Netherlands, NXP might even be a beneficiary if China were to avoid using U.S.-based MCUs in the future.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: China were to avoid using U.S.-based MCUs in the future\nEffect: NXP might even be a beneficiary\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "0581eb13"
    },
    {
      "context": "That said, since NXP is based in the Netherlands, NXP might even be a beneficiary if China were to avoid using U.S.-based MCUs in the future.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: NXP is based in the Netherlands\nEffect: NXP might even be a beneficiary\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "2926fb56"
    },
    {
      "context": "We increased our projections for cancer drug Loxo-305 and diabetes drug tirzepatide based on strong clinical data and Lilly's solid commitment to developing the drugs in phase 3.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: We increased our projections for cancer drug Loxo-305 and diabetes drug tirzepatide\nEffect: strong clinical data and Lilly's solid commitment to developing the drugs in phase 3\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "a0a69666"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect the Internet of Things segment to increase by an average of 11% over the duration of our forecast with touch, display, audio and video solutions proliferating in smart homes, automotive, and future devices like AR and VR headsets.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: touch, display, audio and video solutions proliferating in smart homes, automotive, and future devices like AR and VR headsets\nEffect: the Internet of Things segment to increase by an average of 11% over the duration of our forecast\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "ce48ad6a"
    },
    {
      "context": "Zebra has also relied on hefty R&D investment and add-on acquisitions to fuel top-line growth and stave off competition; any slowdown in these activities could open the firm up to a greater competitive threat.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Zebra has also relied on hefty R&D investment and add-on acquisitions\nEffect: fuel top-line growth and stave off competition\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "84ee3ad8"
    },
    {
      "context": "Zebra has also relied on hefty R&D investment and add-on acquisitions to fuel top-line growth and stave off competition; any slowdown in these activities could open the firm up to a greater competitive threat.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: any slowdown in these activities\nEffect: open the firm up to a greater competitive threat\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "95dd8ab3"
    },
    {
      "context": "The government solutions segment accounted for roughly 83% of the firm's backlog as of December 2020 (compared with only about 16% as of December 2014), and we expect the shift to long-term government contracts to result in a more stable portfolio.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the shift to long-term government contracts\nEffect: a more stable portfolio\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "53e96292"
    },
    {
      "context": "Because of lower revenue, IT-related investments, and recent pressure on gross margins (net revenue/gross revenue) linked in part to rising buy rates for capacity, we look for Hub's adjusted 2020 EBIT margin to fall 90 basis points to 3.2%.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: lower revenue, IT-related investments, and recent pressure on gross margins (net revenue/gross revenue) linked in part to rising buy rates for capacity\nEffect: Hub's adjusted 2020 EBIT margin to fall 90 basis points to 3.2%\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "c6592b85"
    },
    {
      "context": "Previously, Pfizer accounted for a third of Icon's revenue, but it now represents about 12% of revenue, and we expect this to continue to decline as diversification remains a top priority for the firm.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: diversification remains a top priority for the firm\nEffect: Pfizer accounted for a third of Icon's revenue, but it now represents about 12% of revenue, and we expect this to continue to decline\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "f20cdcf4"
    },
    {
      "context": "In markets and product categories that Tractor Supply overlaps with other big-box retailers (Lowe's, PetSmart, Walmart), we think the company could be forced to be a price taker, which could weigh on local profits.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the company could be forced to be a price taker\nEffect: weigh on local profits\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "c0d38990"
    },
    {
      "context": "The channels remain well behind ESPN in terms of total audience but have made inroads as the predecessor firm spent money on sport rights including MLB, college football, college basketball, and soccer (World Cup, MLS, and Bundesliga).",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the predecessor firm spent money on sport rights including MLB, college football, college basketball, and soccer (World Cup, MLS, and Bundesliga)\nEffect: have made inroads\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "73c0a514"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect the company to produce fairly strong underwriting results in the near term, as it benefits from recent pricing increases and the impact of the coronavirus, but to revert toward historical results over time.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: We expect the company to produce fairly strong underwriting results in the near term\nEffect: as it benefits from recent pricing increases and the impact of the coronavirus\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "48975869"
    },
    {
      "context": "Even if equipment sales dipped during an economic downturn, we expect overall growth would remain relatively stable, supported by a less cyclical sterilization business.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: a less cyclical sterilization business\nEffect: we expect overall growth would remain relatively stable\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "b114b08a"
    },
    {
      "context": "Its progress should be accelerated by partnerships (with Ocado, Walgreens, Microsoft, and others) that we do not believe are available to smaller rivals because they cannot deliver the same value to counterparts.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: they cannot deliver the same value to counterparts\nEffect: we do not believe are available to smaller rivals\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "743ed19f"
    },
    {
      "context": "Gathering and processing volumes across the Rockies and midcontinent fell 18%-20% in the second quarter of 2020, and while volumes have recovered in late 2020, the sharp decline demonstrates the challenging basin economics for producers and thus volume security for Oneok.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Gathering and processing volumes across the Rockies and midcontinent fell 18%-20% in the second quarter of 2020\nEffect: the challenging basin economics for producers and thus volume security for Oneok\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "502a3eab"
    },
    {
      "context": "K3 will not require the additional brine inflow expense, which averaged 10%-15% of cost of goods sold before the ramp-up of K3, which will provide Mosaic with more attractive unit costs.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: averaged 10%-15% of cost of goods sold before the ramp-up of K3\nEffect: K3 will not require the additional brine inflow expense\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "8f05afa5"
    },
    {
      "context": "In the domestic market, the strategic focus is to uphold TI's premium position by optimizing the quality of operations and capital investments.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: optimizing the quality of operations and capital investments\nEffect: the strategic focus is to uphold TI's premium position\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "ca2ea7a1"
    },
    {
      "context": "We increased our fair value estimate to $81 per share from $80 per share as Dominion begins to implement its long-term plan to comply with Virginia's Clean Energy Act.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Dominion begins to implement its long-term plan to comply with Virginia's Clean Energy Act\nEffect: We increased our fair value estimate to $81 per share from $80 per share\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "2bb65ea0"
    },
    {
      "context": "But overall, in the intermediate term, we remain unconvinced that emerging systems will dethrone Illumina's sequencing technologies, given the difficulties of commercializing new sequencing tools, especially compared with Illumina's tested and large installed system base.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: difficulties of commercializing new sequencing tools\nEffect: unconvinced that emerging systems will dethrone Illumina's sequencing technologies\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "af0dd0f2"
    },
    {
      "context": "But even in the face of this cost pressure, we don't anticipate Colgate will turn off the spigot on its brand spend, which we view as particularly vital given the competitive landscape in which it plays. As such, we forecast it will expend around 13% of sales (or more than $2.6 billion) annually on research, development, and marketing over our explicit forecast, which we view as a prudent means to support is competitive prowess (including its entrenched standing with dentists, veterinarians, and dermatologists).",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: we don't anticipate Colgate will turn off the spigot on its brand spend, which we view as particularly vital given the competitive landscape in which it plays\nEffect: it will expend around 13% of sales (or more than $2.6 billion) annually on research, development, and marketing over our explicit forecast, which we view as a prudent means to support is competitive prowess (including its entrenched standing with dentists, veterinarians, and dermatologists)\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "f8b86d7d"
    },
    {
      "context": "That said, we like Yum China's ability to compete during a period of heightened price competition, given its meaningful supply-chain advantages, as well as its marketing, value proposition, and digital engagement measures.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: its meaningful supply-chain advantages, as well as its marketing, value proposition, and digital engagement measures\nEffect: we like Yum China's ability to compete during a period of heightened price competition\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "a8b274d9"
    },
    {
      "context": "On an individual basis, we would be happy owners of any of Smiths Group's disparate divisions, as they are all strong industry-leading niche businesses, each producing admirable margins and returns.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: they are all strong industry-leading niche businesses\nEffect: we would be happy owners of any of Smiths Group's disparate divisions\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "36d381b8"
    },
    {
      "context": "This rivalry pits farmers on opposite sides, which we believe makes it highly unlikely for a 'Red' equipment owner to purchase a 'Green' piece of equipment.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: This rivalry pits farmers on opposite sides\nEffect: it highly unlikely for a 'Red' equipment owner to purchase a 'Green' piece of equipment\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "27c7924c"
    },
    {
      "context": "And Victoria's Secret could have to continue to drive in-store traffic with price and promotions after COVID-19 as consumer behavior around brick-and-mortar retailing shifts. These concerns have tempered our forecasts for consolidated gross and operating margins averaging 38% and 11%, respectively, over the next decade versus 39% and 14% over the past five years.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: And Victoria's Secret could have to continue to drive in-store traffic with price and promotions after COVID-19 as consumer behavior around brick-and-mortar retailing shifts\nEffect: tempered our forecasts for consolidated gross and operating margins averaging 38% and 11%, respectively, over the next decade versus 39% and 14% over the past five years\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "824fe49a"
    },
    {
      "context": "Some of this impact may be offset by quarantined consumers' desire to get out of the house, but we now project that it will take until 2022 for Live Nation to return to 2019 levels. As a result, we now project that 2020 revenue will collapse to $2.1 billion, down 82% from 2019, and will only rebound to $8.5 billion by 2021, or 27% below 2019.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Some of this impact may be offset by quarantined consumers' desire to get out of the house, but we now project that it will take until 2022 for Live Nation to return to 2019 levels\nEffect: 2020 revenue will collapse to $2.1 billion, down 82% from 2019, and will only rebound to $8.5 billion by 2021, or 27% below 2019\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "ecdcb32f"
    },
    {
      "context": "Although most dealerships are good businesses, we think the large publicly traded dealers are best positioned for growth since these firms can be the most flexible in changing brand mix, and their growing size means they can achieve working-capital efficiencies by moving inventory around their store base.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: these firms can be the most flexible in changing brand mix, and their growing size means they can achieve working-capital efficiencies by moving inventory around their store base\nEffect: the large publicly traded dealers are best positioned for growth\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "63c0b868"
    },
    {
      "context": "Nike's brands have proven staying power, supporting our view that it can continue to earn economic profits for at least the next 20 years.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Nike's brands have proven staying power\nEffect: it can continue to earn economic profits for at least the next 20 years\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "42a547c2"
    },
    {
      "context": "Finally, we think the runaway cost of living in West Coast metros is an area of concern, given that this has the potential to push the tech industry's center of gravity away from these high-cost regions.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the runaway cost of living in West Coast metros\nEffect: push the tech industry's center of gravity away from these high-cost regions\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "b3a67384"
    },
    {
      "context": "Commodity costs, declines in global vehicle production like the abrupt shutdowns the industry has experienced from the coronavirus pandemic, and longer-term, vehicle electrification represent the biggest risks to Tenneco.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Commodity costs, declines in global vehicle production like the abrupt shutdowns the industry has experienced from the coronavirus pandemic, and longer-term, vehicle electrification represent\nEffect: the biggest risks to Tenneco\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "85892c10"
    },
    {
      "context": "Eastman's continual innovation of its Crystex and Impera brands allow the company to charge a premium as its newest patented products allow tire manufacturers to meet the pending regulations in all three areas.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: its newest patented products allow tire manufacturers to meet the pending regulations in all three areas\nEffect: Eastman's continual innovation of its Crystex and Impera brands allow the company to charge a premium\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "b88943b9"
    },
    {
      "context": "However, during this extended economic cycle, we have seen rate growth decelerate as hotels have approached the occupancy peak.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: hotels have approached the occupancy peak\nEffect: rate growth decelerate\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "e22b2c3e"
    },
    {
      "context": "In 2021, AES estimates that a 10% increase in coal or natural gas would reduce earnings by less than $0.005 per share.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: a 10% increase in coal or natural gas\nEffect: reduce earnings by less than $0.005 per share\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "13bd918e"
    },
    {
      "context": "Albemarle has a cost advantage in lithium carbonate production due to its lucrative brine assets in the Salar de Atacama in Chile, which make up approximately 80% of its lithium profits.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: its lucrative brine assets in the Salar de Atacama in Chile\nEffect: Albemarle has a cost advantage in lithium carbonate production\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "b278eaa0"
    },
    {
      "context": "We look for robust truck-brokerage market conditions to persist throughout most of 2021, especially in terms of a strong late 2020/early 2021 contract bidding season (rate recovery), which is benefiting from extremely tight TL supply.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: We look for robust truck-brokerage market conditions to persist throughout most of 2021, especially in terms of a strong late 2020/early 2021 contract bidding season (rate recovery)\nEffect: benefiting from extremely tight TL supply\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "2b03daf3"
    },
    {
      "context": "We think Ultamate and the Ulta-branded credit cards provide customer data (used in merchandising and marketing efforts) and encourage store visitation.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Ultamate and the Ulta-branded credit cards\nEffect: encourage store visitation| provide customer data\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "e19e76fb"
    },
    {
      "context": "Moreover, due to operating cost cuts, its selling, general, and administrative expenses rose only 2.9% in 2020, leading to an operating margin of 7.7%, up 340 basis points from 2019.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: operating cost cuts\nEffect: an operating margin of 7.7%, up 340 basis points from 2019\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "5b358806"
    },
    {
      "context": "A sharp economic downturn could affect auto technicians' ability to repay their loans to Snap-on Finance as well as credit extended from franchisees that does not appear on its balance sheet.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: A sharp economic downturn\nEffect: affect auto technicians' ability to repay their loans to Snap-on Finance as well as credit extended from franchisees\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "acb4ad23"
    },
    {
      "context": "Ball's acquisition of Rexam highlights management's focus on investment in emerging markets, where discretionary income growth ought to drive higher consumption of processed foods, including beer and soft drinks.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: discretionary income growth\nEffect: higher consumption of processed foods\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "b593d0e5"
    },
    {
      "context": "We model this into our base-case demand assumptions, but as mRNA vaccines are in high demand globally, this is immaterial to our valuation (less than 10% impact).",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: mRNA vaccines are in high demand globally\nEffect: immaterial to our valuation (less than 10% impact)\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "c930c9ce"
    },
    {
      "context": "Shaw has made significant efforts to improve its wireless network and is now bundling wireless with wireline service to customers in its cable footprint, enabling it offer even better value and enhancing service when offloaded onto its WiFi network.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Shaw has made significant efforts to improve its wireless network and is now bundling wireless with wireline service to customers in its cable footprint\nEffect: enabling it offer even better value and enhancing service when offloaded onto its WiFi network\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "2229c45b"
    },
    {
      "context": "Risks surrounding additional waves of COVID-19 cases remain, leading to potential needs for incremental liquidity, which perhaps could occur at value destructive levels.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Risks surrounding additional waves of COVID-19 cases remain\nEffect: potential needs for incremental liquidity\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "10d5f169"
    },
    {
      "context": "Once an index becomes dominant in a certain segment and has widespread acceptance among stakeholders, it tends to stay that way.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Once an index becomes dominant in a certain segment and has widespread acceptance among stakeholders\nEffect: stay that way\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "015f97e5"
    },
    {
      "context": "Also, while industrial and automotive markets are relatively fragmented, sales from mobile devices are relatively concentrated, requiring less SG&amp;A spend to maintain sales growth.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: sales from mobile devices are relatively concentrated\nEffect: requiring less SG&amp;A spend to maintain sales growth\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "4ad4d5cc"
    },
    {
      "context": "Additionally, operating margins are modeled to reach 23% in 2030 from about 13% in the prepandemic year of 2019, aided by long-term growth and mix shift to higher-margin premium mass gaming and nongaming in the Macao market.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: long-term growth and mix shift to higher-margin premium mass gaming and nongaming in the Macao market\nEffect: operating margins are modeled to reach 23% in 2030 from about 13% in the prepandemic year of 2019\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "b29320f6"
    },
    {
      "context": "Despite Abbott's recent efforts to better insulate itself from recalls like the infant formula recall in China during 2013, the risk of product quality issues or recalls remains and can damage the firm's brands and its relationships with medical professionals.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the risk of product quality issues or recalls remains\nEffect: damage the firm's brands and its relationships with medical professionals\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "f10cbf6b"
    },
    {
      "context": "A priority of the new strategy includes investing in technology capabilities that would help improve Kingfisher's low online penetration and improve supply chain issues, which have contributed to inefficiencies and inferior inventory turn ratios to peers.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: supply chain issues\nEffect: inefficiencies and inferior inventory turn ratios to peers\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "98a48443"
    },
    {
      "context": "A priority of the new strategy includes investing in technology capabilities that would help improve Kingfisher's low online penetration and improve supply chain issues, which have contributed to inefficiencies and inferior inventory turn ratios to peers.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: investing in technology capabilities\nEffect: improve Kingfisher's low online penetration and improve supply chain issues\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "474ca567"
    },
    {
      "context": "The potential earnings from its less visible real estate portfolio could provide some upside to the company's earnings after the easy cost-cutting is complete.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the easy cost-cutting is complete\nEffect: potential earnings from its less visible real estate portfolio could provide some upside to the company's earnings\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "4f06cd15"
    },
    {
      "context": "Given the labor constraints and the economics of trucking, we argue that the premium truck market is an ideal sweet spot for Paccar, which has shown its ability to execute over many decades serving this rather large niche.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Given the labor constraints and the economics of trucking\nEffect: the premium truck market is an ideal sweet spot for Paccar\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "cb69ad73"
    },
    {
      "context": "We see noninterest income increasing at a compound annual growth rate of roughly 3% during normal times, with unusual pressure emerging in 2020 and 2021. This leads us to expect a terminal return on tangible equity of 15% for our forecast period, compared with the cost of equity of 9%.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: We see noninterest income increasing at a compound annual growth rate of roughly 3% during normal times, with unusual pressure emerging in 2020 and 2021\nEffect: a terminal return on tangible equity of 15% for our forecast period, compared with the cost of equity of 9%\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "bec3bfc8"
    },
    {
      "context": "The non-General Dynamics bid was disqualified because the contractor could not ship a prototype by the deadline, leaving only General Dynamics as the sole source capable of delivering a product.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the contractor could not ship a prototype by the deadline\nEffect: The non-General Dynamics bid was disqualified\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "1814a9ab"
    },
    {
      "context": "The non-General Dynamics bid was disqualified because the contractor could not ship a prototype by the deadline, leaving only General Dynamics as the sole source capable of delivering a product.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: The non-General Dynamics bid was disqualified\nEffect: only General Dynamics as the sole source capable of delivering a product\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "207a36f2"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect Matco to be able to ward off competition thanks to its exclusive van route network, frequent interactions with mechanics that drive customer loyalty, and growth in diagnostic solutions that become embedded in a repair shops' operations.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: its exclusive van route network, frequent interactions with mechanics that drive customer loyalty, and growth in diagnostic solutions\nEffect: competition\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "5b01afbd"
    },
    {
      "context": "But the current environment is also inhibiting some sales, as many retailers are delaying shelf resets and thus the launch of Hain innovations.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: delaying shelf resets\nEffect: thus the launch of Hain innovations.\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "96a14ee3"
    },
    {
      "context": "Primary among these are a potential economic slowdown or quickly rising oil prices that would destroy demand and in turn crush margins.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: a potential economic slowdown or quickly rising oil prices\nEffect: destroy demand and in turn crush margins\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "47811ea8"
    },
    {
      "context": "The company has significant cash needs looming, and liquidity will be constrained given the roughly $1.5 billion purchase of Big River Steel and sizable reinvestment needs tied to the company's ongoing asset revitalization program.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the roughly $1.5 billion purchase of Big River Steel and sizable reinvestment needs tied to the company's ongoing asset revitalization program\nEffect: The company has significant cash needs looming, and liquidity will be constrained\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "d97cab7a"
    },
    {
      "context": "With a near-monopoly on CDMA technology patents, Qualcomm charges a royalty fee as a predetermined percentage (3%-5%) of the price of each 3G device sold.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: a near-monopoly on CDMA technology patents\nEffect: Qualcomm charges a royalty fee as a predetermined percentage (3%-5%) of the price of each 3G device sold\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "fe6c642d"
    },
    {
      "context": "Additionally, given the uniquely risk-averse nature of the insurance industry, larger insurance carriers require a variety of larger reference accounts.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the uniquely risk-averse nature of the insurance industry\nEffect: larger insurance carriers require a variety of larger reference accounts\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "39a84904"
    },
    {
      "context": "A second factor is Boeing and Airbus, the primary commercial aerospace customers, are quite conservative customers because carbon fiber is central to the core product they deliver.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: carbon fiber is central to the core product they deliver\nEffect: the primary commercial aerospace customers, are quite conservative customers\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "1b2a86a0"
    },
    {
      "context": "This coincides with a generation of millennials who have long delayed many adult milestones but have started to move to the suburbs due to the pandemic, and this trend will likely continue over the next decade as they age and start families.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the pandemic\nEffect: a generation of millennials who have long delayed many adult milestones but have started to move to the suburbs due to the pandemic\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "e9434d69"
    },
    {
      "context": "This coincides with a generation of millennials who have long delayed many adult milestones but have started to move to the suburbs due to the pandemic, and this trend will likely continue over the next decade as they age and start families.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: they age and start families\nEffect: this trend will likely continue over the next decade\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "ad6a28a9"
    },
    {
      "context": "Operating margins for the segment will average nearly 13% over our explicit forecast driven by higher average permanent placement fees.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: higher average permanent placement fees\nEffect: Operating margins for the segment will average nearly 13% over our explicit forecast\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "aabf3002"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect operating margins to rebound to 14% in 2021-beyond with demand growing faster than supply and production costs coming down.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: demand growing faster than supply and production costs coming down\nEffect: We expect operating margins to rebound to 14% in 2021-beyond\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "babd975e"
    },
    {
      "context": "The confluence of import's status as one of the fastest growing malt beverage categories and Constellation's leading market share gives the firm's portfolio preeminent status among distributors and retailers, particularly in states with a plurality of Hispanics (like California and Texas, where they represent the largest ethnic group).",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: The confluence of import's status as one of the fastest growing malt beverage categories and Constellation's leading market share\nEffect: gives the firm's portfolio preeminent status among distributors and retailers, particularly in states with a plurality of Hispanics (like California and Texas, where they represent the largest ethnic group)\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "233a0e3a"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe government policies, corporate demand, and robust project development industries in these regions make these the world's most attractive solar markets.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: government policies, corporate demand, and robust project development industries\nEffect: the world's most attractive solar markets\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "9580bc47"
    },
    {
      "context": "Our long-term revenue and margin assumptions are driven by continued employment growth over the next few years in higher-skilled professions and a return to labor market tightness.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Our long-term revenue and margin\nEffect: continued employment growth over the next few years in higher-skilled professions and a return to labor market tightness\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "aaad2287"
    },
    {
      "context": "Following the increased sales and administrative spending in 2017-19 to beef up hiring, we expect Insulet to gain significant operating leverage over 2020-25.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the increased sales and administrative spending in 2017-19 to beef up hiring\nEffect: Insulet to gain significant operating leverage over 2020-25\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "79227c4b"
    },
    {
      "context": "As the number of contacts increases, more developers will choose to develop miniprograms for WeChat or mobile QQ, and existing users can benefit from having access to additional miniprograms.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the number of contacts increases\nEffect: more developers will choose to develop miniprograms for WeChat or mobile QQ\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "4db08545"
    },
    {
      "context": "As the number of contacts increases, more developers will choose to develop miniprograms for WeChat or mobile QQ, and existing users can benefit from having access to additional miniprograms.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: more developers will choose to develop miniprograms for WeChat or mobile QQ\nEffect: existing users can benefit from having access to additional miniprograms\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "df796478"
    },
    {
      "context": "Because ICU is the key leader in IV consumables where it can offer a significant discount relative to its competitors, we think ICU has a cost advantage that many hospital end users find attractive.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: ICU is the key leader in IV consumables where it can offer a significant discount relative to its competitors\nEffect: ICU has a cost advantage that many hospital end users find attractive\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "550ca00e"
    },
    {
      "context": "Because ICU is the key leader in IV consumables where it can offer a significant discount relative to its competitors, we think ICU has a cost advantage that many hospital end users find attractive.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: offer a significant discount relative to its competitors\nEffect: ICU is the key leader in IV consumables\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "c0fd01b5"
    },
    {
      "context": "Because ICU is the key leader in IV consumables where it can offer a significant discount relative to its competitors, we think ICU has a cost advantage that many hospital end users find attractive.",
      "question": "2 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: a cost advantage\nEffect: many hospital end users find attractive\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "586c2db5"
    },
    {
      "context": "One benefit of the platform is that it allows the use of one business number that can support all communication types via both computers and mobile devices. This allows customers to use a personal mobile device for business needs no matter where they are while maintaining the privacy of their personal mobile phone number.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: One benefit of the platform is that it allows the use of one business number that can support all communication types via both computers and mobile devices\nEffect: customers to use a personal mobile device for business needs no matter where they are while maintaining the privacy of their personal mobile phone number\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "6b4efdac"
    },
    {
      "context": "Exelon's large fleet gives it scale advantages that allow it to add capacity at its plants at a fraction of the cost and risk of a greenfield project.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Exelon's large fleet\nEffect: gives it scale advantages that allow it to add capacity at its plants at a fraction of the cost and risk of a greenfield project\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "f12f6357"
    },
    {
      "context": "Cheaper equipment can increase the likelihood of machine failure during operation, leading to lost productivity that cuts into an operator's profitability (mission-critical equipment).",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Cheaper equipment can increase the likelihood of machine failure during operation\nEffect: leading to lost productivity that cuts into an operator's profitability (mission-critical equipment)\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "309e5f13"
    },
    {
      "context": "Not only new users of Weibo but also existing users see higher value from the network as the number of users increase.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the network as the number of users increase\nEffect: Not only new users of Weibo but also existing users see higher value\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "10d6fdfb"
    },
    {
      "context": "The company has also been able to maintain ample supply of premier land to replace closed communities and meet future demand.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: The company has also been able to maintain ample supply of premier land\nEffect: replace closed communities and meet future demand\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "a507d443"
    },
    {
      "context": "If higher margins don't come to fruition or revenue declines accelerate from the moderate annual level we project, we see little bright side for Lumen's future beyond the value of its assets.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: higher margins don't come to fruition or revenue declines accelerate from the moderate annual level we project\nEffect: we see little bright side for Lumen's future beyond the value of its assets\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "87863072"
    },
    {
      "context": "Ultimately, workers will need to be comfortable with that technology, which can become complicated if they're forced to learn multiple platforms.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: they're forced to learn multiple platforms\nEffect: become complicated\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "3f62f583"
    },
    {
      "context": "We think any attempt by any one of them to make drastic changes in pricing or network enhancements to edge the others would simply serve to weigh on that company's returns.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: any attempt by any one of them to make drastic changes in pricing or network enhancements to edge the others\nEffect: serve to weigh on that company's returns\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "15223363"
    },
    {
      "context": "States across which PPL operates are beginning to embrace tighter policies on carbon emissions and greater restrictions on coal generation, although we think that transition will be slower in states like Kentucky with a large coal industry presence.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: States across which PPL operates are beginning to embrace tighter policies on carbon emissions\nEffect: greater restrictions on coal generation\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "d913f359"
    },
    {
      "context": "As a part of this, Campbell is scrutinizing its innovation pipeline to ensure alignment with consumers' evolving trends (including convenience, health, and wellness).",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Campbell is scrutinizing its innovation pipeline\nEffect: alignment with consumers' evolving trends\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "b97164b8"
    },
    {
      "context": "However, we expect higher wage and health care costs to more than offset $150 million to $170 million in identified operating expense savings attributed to revamping the firm's supply chain, reducing indirect spending, leveraging shared services, and continuing to optimize the salesforce.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: revamping the firm's supply chain, reducing indirect spending, leveraging shared services, and continuing to optimize the salesforce\nEffect: higher wage and health care costs to more than offset $150 million to $170 million in identified operating expense savings\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "07d2146f"
    },
    {
      "context": "However, with substantial cash flow, we think the company is well positioned to target several rare diseases over the next decade.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: substantial cash flow\nEffect: the company is well positioned to target several rare diseases over the next decade\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "1f30cddd"
    },
    {
      "context": "Marvell is on its way in realizing around $200 million in combined annual run-rate cost synergies following the Cavium acquisition.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the Cavium acquisition\nEffect: Marvell is on its way in realizing around $200 million in combined annual run-rate cost synergies\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "dfcf22d2"
    },
    {
      "context": "NiSource has reduced some of the regulatory uncertainty related to its planned natural gas distribution and electric utilities investments by securing preapprovals and favorable rate mechanisms that provide for automatic rate increases as infrastructure investments are made.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: securing preapprovals and favorable rate mechanisms that provide for automatic rate increases as infrastructure investments are made\nEffect: NiSource has reduced some of the regulatory uncertainty related to its planned natural gas distribution and electric utilities investments\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "c7636cf1"
    },
    {
      "context": "CVS' top-tier retail pharmacy, health insurer, and PBM franchises create the potential to improve health outcomes and even bend the healthcare cost curve.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: CVS' top-tier retail pharmacy, health insurer, and PBM franchises\nEffect: the potential to improve health outcomes and even bend the healthcare cost curve\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "79865a49"
    },
    {
      "context": "Amazon has done a better job diversifying its product mix toward more consumer staples in recent years, which should help to insulate the company from a global economic slowdown or recession.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Amazon has done a better job diversifying its product mix toward more consumer staples in recent years\nEffect: help to insulate the company from a global economic slowdown or recession\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "39f5803c"
    },
    {
      "context": "Its position and brand strength empower it to charge the highest subscriber fees of any cable network, which in turn generate sustainable profits.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Its position and brand strength\nEffect: empower it to charge the highest subscriber fees of any cable network\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "20b56ab7"
    },
    {
      "context": "Its position and brand strength empower it to charge the highest subscriber fees of any cable network, which in turn generate sustainable profits.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: empower it to charge the highest subscriber fees of any cable network\nEffect: turn generate sustainable profits\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "2c499654"
    },
    {
      "context": "CrowdStrike's services can be instrumental in remediating customers' breaches or testing network security, giving a strong lead generator for selling security products and we believe the growth in CrowdStrike's subscription products will far outpace services demand.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: CrowdStrike's services\nEffect: be instrumental in remediating customers' breaches or testing network security, giving a strong lead generator for selling security products and we believe the growth in CrowdStrike's subscription products will far outpace services demand\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "d49e9cc7"
    },
    {
      "context": "The company's cards present a highly attractive value proposition to a small business since the cards are a payment method, a cheap line of credit with a large spending limit, and generate reward points all in a single package. This creates switching costs because if a cardholder decides to change cards they will be forced to find an alternative source of financing for their day-to-day expenses.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: The company's cards present a highly attractive value proposition to a small business since the cards are a payment method, a cheap line of credit with a large spending limit, and generate reward points all in a single package\nEffect: switching costs because if a cardholder decides to change cards they will be forced to find an alternative source of financing for their day-to-day expenses\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "24f7b774"
    },
    {
      "context": "In general, the firm remains a small player in both electronic component and power semiconductor markets, and revenue in several key areas, such as automotive sensors, will likely be more volatile.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the firm remains a small player in both electronic component and power semiconductor markets\nEffect: will likely be more volatile\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "29d8ac44"
    },
    {
      "context": "We are anticipating the highest growth from the firm's automotive vertical, behind stellar content outgrowth above underlying production, as a result of content gains arising from electrification and connectivity.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: content gains arising from electrification and connectivity\nEffect: the highest growth from the firm's automotive vertical\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "62ddb8a5"
    },
    {
      "context": "PG&E needs well-functioning and cost-effective capital markets to fund its planned $8 billion of investment every year.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: fund its planned $8 billion of investment every year\nEffect: needs well-functioning and cost-effective capital markets\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "d9f21551"
    },
    {
      "context": "Beyond the synergistic value creation, the Isle and Tropicana/Elgin deals, along with the Caesars acquisition, have meaningfully increased the company's presence in the U.S.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Beyond the synergistic value creation, the Isle and Tropicana/Elgin deals, along with the Caesars acquisition\nEffect: increased the company's presence in the U.S\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "efda1436"
    },
    {
      "context": "Longer term, at Marmaxx (about 60% of normalized sales), we anticipate long-term same-store sales growth averaging 2%-3%, driven by traffic as prices remain low.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: traffic as prices remain low\nEffect: we anticipate long-term same-store sales growth averaging 2%-3%\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "b062ab0b"
    },
    {
      "context": "If an enterprise software experienced significant downtime, suffered a poor software release, or a company's servers were not properly maintained or well balanced in terms of loads--a company could bear immense costs.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: an enterprise software experienced significant downtime, suffered a poor software release, or a company's servers were not properly maintained or well balanced in terms of loads\nEffect: bear immense costs\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "31901a6e"
    },
    {
      "context": "Its strategy makes ConocoPhillips a compelling option in the energy sector, given its ability to flex growth based on commodity prices and a clear policy on return of cash to shareholders.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: its ability to flex growth based on commodity prices and a clear policy on return of cash to shareholders\nEffect: ConocoPhillips a compelling option in the energy sector\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "44daf32e"
    },
    {
      "context": "Each of management's strategic actions carries its own set of implementation risks and could disrupt the day-to-day operations of Darden's restaurant concept portfolio.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: management's strategic actions\nEffect: its own set of implementation risks and could disrupt the day-to-day operations of Darden's restaurant concept portfolio\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "87126e62"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe switching costs in small and medium business banking are reinforced by relationship managers, specialised sector expertise, breadth of product offerings, and the customers additional focus on system reliability.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: relationship managers, specialised sector expertise, breadth of product offerings, and the customers additiona\nEffect: switching costs in small and medium business banking are reinforced\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "d7ac2656"
    },
    {
      "context": "Illinois and Maryland are two historically tough regulatory environments, and punitive rate decisions could have a material impact on earnings and growth.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Illinois and Maryland are two historically tough regulatory environments\nEffect: punitive rate decisions could have a material impact on earnings and growth\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "b361b638"
    },
    {
      "context": "And although it has a track record of staying on top of evolving consumer trends with its assortment of locally relevant fare, we posit Colgate's cost advantages enable it to replicate competitive products and do so at a lower cost.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: it has a track record of staying on top of evolving consumer trends with its assortment of locally relevant fare\nEffect: we posit Colgate's cost advantages enable it to replicate competitive products and do so at a lower cost\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "7460fccc"
    },
    {
      "context": "Airlines generally do not switch between the major manufacturers because it is expensive to update maintenance procedures, which are designed for each aircraft product, and crews and pilots would need to be retrained and certified on the new aircraft.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: it is expensive to update maintenance procedures\nEffect: Airlines generally do not switch between the major manufacturers\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "b48ca8b8"
    },
    {
      "context": "The highly capital-intensive nature of production creates significant rivalry among competitors that offer commoditized products and are therefore competing to maximize capacity.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: The highly capital-intensive nature of production\nEffect: rivalry among competitors\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "e4d0e903"
    },
    {
      "context": "NICE provides Contact-Center-as-a-Service (CCaaS) solutions to support call center operations and improve customer engagement as well as financial compliance solutions to financial services institutions.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: NICE provides Contact-Center-as-a-Service\nEffect: improve customer engagement as well as financial compliance solutions to financial services institutions\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "7fd98864"
    },
    {
      "context": "Cummins' strong brand has allowed the firm to secure a unique position in the on-highway engine market as an alternative to engines internally developed and aggressively marketed by major truck manufacturers who are its principal customers.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Cummins' strong brand\nEffect: the firm to secure a unique position in the on-highway engine market as an alternative to engines internally developed and aggressively marketed by major truck manufacturers who are its principal customers\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "1c9e1543"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect services revenue can decrease to 5% of revenue by 2031, as the company relies increasingly on third party IT servicers to implement and service its software.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the company relies increasingly on third party IT servicers to implement and service its software\nEffect: services revenue can decrease to 5% of revenue by 2031\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "fbeab99b"
    },
    {
      "context": "We forecast that real uranium prices will rise to $65 per pound by 2022 in the contract market, as higher prices will be necessary to encourage the new mines needed to meet rising demand and fill the gap left by the continued drawdown of stockpiles.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: higher prices will be necessary to encourage the new mines needed to meet rising demand and fill the gap left by the continued drawdown of stockpiles\nEffect: real uranium prices will rise to $65 per pound by 2022 in the contract market\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "29bfd97d"
    },
    {
      "context": "Northrop also faces the risk that supply chain issues or production challenges would prevent it from meeting its contractual obligations, which could strain the relationship with the customer.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Northrop also faces the risk that supply chain issues or production challenges would prevent it from meeting its contractual obligations\nEffect: strain the relationship with the customer\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "4482edf3"
    },
    {
      "context": "TechnipFMC's subsea segment will be particularly adversely affected owing to its exposure to deep-water offshore, which stands at a cost disadvantage compared with low-cost U.S.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: its exposure to deep-water offshore, which stands at a cost disadvantage compared with low-cost U.S\nEffect: TechnipFMC's subsea segment will be particularly adversely affected\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "bab4d65f"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe economic profits can rise by nearly 50% over the next five years. As such, we model consolidated midcycle ROIC, including goodwill of about 15%, in line with both management's targets and the company's normalized historic experience.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: economic profits can rise by nearly 50% over the next five years\nEffect: we model consolidated midcycle ROIC, including goodwill of about 15%, in line with both management's targets and the company's normalized historic experience\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "2e41da4a"
    },
    {
      "context": "TransAlta should be well positioned to manage its environmental, social, and governance risk, primarily from greenhouse gas emissions, as it retires or repowers its remaining coal-fired power plants over the next few years.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: t retires or repowers its remaining coal-fired power plants over the next few years\nEffect: TransAlta should be well positioned to manage its environmental, social, and governance risk, primarily from greenhouse gas emissions\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "450a68dd"
    },
    {
      "context": "They would not have the advantage Cogent had 20 years ago, when top providers in a more nascent Internet business were phone and cable companies, and fiber assets could be procured on the cheap due to the collapse of the tech and telecom bubble.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the collapse of the tech and telecom bubble\nEffect: fiber assets could be procured on the cheap\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "2a64e8dd"
    },
    {
      "context": "We aren't fond of the price paid, which was set in a bidding war with Fox and Disney, as the business generated only $3.1 billion in EBITDA in 2019 and required $1.5 billion in capital spending.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the business generated only $3.1 billion in EBITDA in 2019 and required $1.5 billion in capital spending\nEffect: We aren't fond of the price paid, which was set in a bidding war with Fox and Disney\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "5210966c"
    },
    {
      "context": "Before 2016, the market had long viewed Johnson Controls as an automotive-parts company because about two thirds of its sales came from automakers.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: about two thirds of its sales came from automakers\nEffect: Before 2016, the market had long viewed Johnson Controls as an automotive-parts company\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "76e043d3"
    },
    {
      "context": "We estimate annual revPAR growth to average 8.6% over the next decade, aided by strong growth rates during the recovery years of 2021-22.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: aided by strong growth rates during the recovery years of 2021-22.\nEffect: We estimate annual revPAR growth to average 8.6% over the next decade,\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "7fdfeada"
    },
    {
      "context": "We continue to expect Sands China sales to average high-single-digit percentage growth during 2023-30, a forecast we now have increased conviction in, given our view that Sands will reinvest proceeds from the planned sale of Vegas assets into the region.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: our view that Sands will reinvest proceeds from the planned sale of Vegas assets into the region\nEffect: We continue to expect Sands China sales to average high-single-digit percentage growth during 2023-30, a forecast we now have increased conviction in\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "d626af24"
    },
    {
      "context": "Its relatively small refineries represent a concentrated revenue base that puts HollyFrontier at risk in the case that, for whatever reason, one facility experiences an extended shutdown.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Its relatively small refineries represent a concentrated revenue base\nEffect: puts HollyFrontier at risk\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "efb9bb32"
    },
    {
      "context": "Once the equipment leaves the seller's location, it is virtually guaranteed that the equipment will no longer be a burden on the seller, taking up physical space or tying up capital.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the equipment leaves the seller's location\nEffect: no longer be a burden on the seller\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "fbc7a520"
    },
    {
      "context": "At the same time, the company can benefit from increased aftermarket sales, as Ingersoll-Rand said that iConn has increased the aftermarket opportunity for connected compressors by as much as 25%. As such, we believe that not only will digital solutions increase the stickiness of the business by offering software that complements the large installed base of equipment, but they also have the potential to translate into a meaningfully larger recurring revenue stream.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the company can benefit from increased aftermarket sales, as Ingersoll-Rand said that iConn has increased the aftermarket opportunity for connected compressors by as much as 25%\nEffect: not only will digital solutions increase the stickiness of the business by offering software that complements the large installed base of equipment, but they also have the potential to translate into a meaningfully larger recurring revenue stream\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "764da439"
    },
    {
      "context": "Though we think West could see some margin expansion in 2022, we think the rate of margin expansion could slow because of more-normal levels of operating costs, and we forecast margin growth of just 20 basis points next year.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: more-normal levels of operating costs\nEffect: the rate of margin expansion could slow\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "b78a4b44"
    },
    {
      "context": "We are raising our fair value estimate to $55 from $52 to reflect faster near-term revenue growth and the time value of money since our last update.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: faster near-term revenue growth and the time value of money since our last update\nEffect: We are raising our fair value estimate to $55 from $52\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "76a3fc57"
    },
    {
      "context": "The trust placed in O'Reilly's staff members makes consumers more receptive to trying a proprietary-label product, reinforcing the value of the brands in O'Reilly's portfolio.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: The trust placed in O'Reilly's staff members\nEffect: consumers more receptive to trying a proprietary-label product\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "11c800cb"
    },
    {
      "context": "The trust placed in O'Reilly's staff members makes consumers more receptive to trying a proprietary-label product, reinforcing the value of the brands in O'Reilly's portfolio.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: consumers more receptive to trying a proprietary-label product\nEffect: reinforcing the value of the brands in O'Reilly's portfolio\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "b059a23c"
    },
    {
      "context": "Agco experienced strong growth in core Agco European and North American markets during 2018, largely due to pent-up replacement demand after years of weaker sales.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: pent-up replacement demand after years of weaker sales\nEffect: Agco experienced strong growth in core Agco European and North American markets during 2018\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "dd776128"
    },
    {
      "context": "The disease is still not fully contained, so this supply shortage should support global protein prices once the pandemic subsides and should result in strong export demand.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: supply shortage\nEffect: support global protein prices once the pandemic subsides\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "a72d977a"
    },
    {
      "context": "The disease is still not fully contained, so this supply shortage should support global protein prices once the pandemic subsides and should result in strong export demand.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: supply shortage\nEffect: strong export demand\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "20201433"
    },
    {
      "context": "Through analyzing the data and applying artificial intelligence, the advertisers can improve the efficiency of advertisements through targeted marketing, which can lead to higher advertising revenue for Tencent.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: analyzing the data and applying artificial intelligence\nEffect: higher advertising revenue for Tencent\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "b3d7544a"
    },
    {
      "context": "Through analyzing the data and applying artificial intelligence, the advertisers can improve the efficiency of advertisements through targeted marketing, which can lead to higher advertising revenue for Tencent.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: analyzing the data and applying artificial intelligence\nEffect: advertisers can improve the efficiency of advertisements\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "2b020adb"
    },
    {
      "context": "Regardless, the extent of the price premiums or volume-driven absolute profit dollars relative to smaller mainstream brewers are not enough to support rents, in our view, given that the products fall on the more commoditized and lower-margin end of the beer continuum.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: he products fall on the more commoditized and lower-margin end of the beer continuum\nEffect: he extent of the price premiums or volume-driven absolute profit dollars relative to smaller mainstream brewers are not enough to support rents\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "d3b1f903"
    },
    {
      "context": "In contrast, ''schema-on-the-write'' products such as SQL require structured, predefined data inputs, which limit output use cases and reduce flexibility in what can be done with the data.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: ''schema-on-the-write'' products\nEffect: limit output use cases and reduce flexibility\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "ea175a0d"
    },
    {
      "context": "However, as measured by systemwide sales, RBI remains the number-three player in the global restaurant market (behind McDonald's and Yum Brands and ahead of Subway, Starbucks, and Wendy's), making it difficult to argue that the company has a more favorable bargaining position than other large multinational conglomerates.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: RBI remains the number-three player in the global restaurant market\nEffect: it difficult to argue that the company has a more favorable bargaining position than other large multinational conglomerates\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "75ffac19"
    },
    {
      "context": "CN's EJ&E line around Chicago has boosted its velocity at a major choke point over the years, benefiting network reliability and asset turns.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: CN's EJ&E line around Chicago has boosted its velocity at a major choke point\nEffect: benefiting network reliability and asset turns\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "727da1e1"
    },
    {
      "context": "Given the importance of software in chip and application design, we believe this segment should grow at a healthy high teens pace and expand the firm's user base.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the importance of software in chip and application design\nEffect: we believe this segment should grow at a healthy high teens pace and expand the firm's user base\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "a1566422"
    },
    {
      "context": "Meanwhile, suppliers can enjoy the full capabilities of Coupa's product for free and can onboard rapidly, motivating them to sign up to maintain existing customer relationships and foster new ones.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: suppliers can enjoy the full capabilities of Coupa's product for free and can onboard rapidly\nEffect: motivating them to sign up to maintain existing customer relationships and foster new ones\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "83868f86"
    },
    {
      "context": "Pipeline extensions or expansions have high incremental returns on capital because each new end point of supply means more customers paying for the core Transco network.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: more customers paying for the core Transco network.\nEffect: Pipeline extensions or expansions have high incremental returns\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "2ed9a8b6"
    },
    {
      "context": "Attempts to fill unused capacity by competing for existing contracts tend to prove challenging because staggered multiyear supply contracts reduce the volume of production open to competition in any given year.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: staggered multiyear supply contracts reduce the volume of production open to competition in any given year\nEffect: Attempts to fill unused capacity by competing for existing contracts tend to prove challenging\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "8b502688"
    },
    {
      "context": "We see this increasing more in line with nominal GDP growth in the future, forecasting a mid-single-digit growth rate for noninterest income in our base case, around the high end of management guidance. This is driven by increased insurance revenue and a return to growth in card income in line with an (albeit likely protracted) economic recovery.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: increased insurance revenue and a return to growth in card income in line with an (albeit likely protracted) economic recovery\nEffect: this increasing more in line with nominal GDP growth in the future, forecasting a mid-single-digit growth rate for noninterest income in our base case, around the high end of management guidance\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "bd45e16d"
    },
    {
      "context": "Other federal, state, and local regulations also make it very difficult for a competitor to receive the necessary land use and environmental permits to construct competing networks.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: Other federal, state, and local regulations\nEffect: a competitor to receive the necessary land use and environmental permits to construct competing networks\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "bf65ee30"
    },
    {
      "context": "The combination of Valspar's and Sherwin's operations is allowing for the gradual closure of redundant facilities, which management expects to take years to play out, and they aren't explicitly identified in synergy estimates for the deal.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: The combination of Valspar's and Sherwin's operations is allowing for the gradual closure of redundant facilities,\nEffect: management expects to take years to play out, and they aren't explicitly identified in synergy estimates for the deal.\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "11331283"
    },
    {
      "context": "In 2021, we expect a rebound in refined products demand and weaker crude volumes, to be somewhat offset by expense savings and storage benefits to result in distributable cash flow of about $1.03 billion, similar to 2020 levels.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: a rebound in refined products demand and weaker crude volumes\nEffect: distributable cash flow of about $1.03 billion\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "ea6445cd"
    },
    {
      "context": "As the company's revenue is directly tied to revenue at its merchant customers, FIS' acquiring operations are sensitive to macroeconomic conditions, and merchants could fail in large numbers if the pandemic drags on.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the company's revenue is directly tied to revenue at its merchant customers\nEffect: FIS' acquiring operations are sensitive to macroeconomic conditions, and merchants could fail in large numbers if the pandemic drags on\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "befd4f1b"
    },
    {
      "context": "Given the inherent scalability in the asset light business model, we expect operating margins to improve over time as general and administrative and technology and development costs decrease as a percentage of segment revenue.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: as general and administrative and technology and development costs decrease as a percentage of segment revenue.\nEffect: operating margins to improve\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "5efd3277"
    },
    {
      "context": "However, according to a 2003 study, contact lenses contribute just 0.5% of total personal waste, so we don't expect widespread concern from consumers.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: contact lenses contribute just 0.5% of total personal waste\nEffect: widespread concern from consumers\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "9dd5fe40"
    },
    {
      "context": "In developed markets, replicating Booking's leading network in Europe is proving costly and time consuming for key competitors, given around 65% of all hotels in the region are small boutique establishments.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: 65% of all hotels in the region are small boutique establishments\nEffect: replicating Booking's leading network in Europe is proving costly and time consuming for key competitors\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "c3e84922"
    },
    {
      "context": "As current iPhone users are familiar with the iOS environment (Apple-centric apps, services, and so on), it may take multiple subpar product releases to warrant an exodus to an Android OS, as these customers are likely loath to leave Apple's seemingly superior walled garden.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: current iPhone users are familiar with the iOS environment (Apple-centric apps, services, and so on)\nEffect: it may take multiple subpar product releases to warrant an exodus to an Android OS\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "b9658a02"
    },
    {
      "context": "While we continue to expect the firm's operating margins to be affected by lower revenue yields and higher operating costs, we see adjusted operating profitability hovering between 32% and 35% of revenue (up from 30% to 32% previously) during our five-year forecast period. As a result, the company should be able to generate at least $650 million in free cash flow on average annually during 2020-24.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: While we continue to expect the firm's operating margins to be affected by lower revenue yields and higher operating costs, we see adjusted operating profitability hovering between 32% and 35% of revenue (up from 30% to 32% previously) during our five-year forecast period\nEffect: the company should be able to generate at least $650 million in free cash flow on average annually during 2020-24\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "eb870800"
    },
    {
      "context": "However, we expect margins to recover and return to the low to mid-30% range as the company continues to develop new downstream products that provide some pricing power.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the company continues to develop new downstream products\nEffect: margins to recover and return to the low to mid-30% range\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "24cb96b4"
    },
    {
      "context": "For reference, management had consolidated or shuttered three of its manufacturing sites by the end of 2020, which should alleviate some working capital demands.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: management had consolidated or shuttered three of its manufacturing sites by the end of 2020\nEffect: alleviate some working capital demands\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "15e17fa9"
    },
    {
      "context": "The company's enhanced oil recovery and exploration projects are no longer economically viable when commodity prices drop below certain thresholds.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: commodity prices drop below certain thresholds\nEffect: The company's enhanced oil recovery and exploration projects are no longer economically viable\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "ee47afd2"
    },
    {
      "context": "Toll Brothers enjoys strong brand recognition among homebuilders and is a market leader in the luxury homebuilding space; however, it operates in an extremely cyclical, competitive, and capital-intensive industry that prevents the company from earning consistent positive economic profits over the business cycle.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: it operates in an extremely cyclical, competitive, and capital-intensive industry\nEffect: the company from earning consistent positive economic profits over the business cycle\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "4ddf5a1f"
    },
    {
      "context": "Success in refining is primarily a function of the difference in the amount the refiner pays for oil and the amount at which it sells the refined product. As such, the short- and long-term risks depend on movements in the prices of crude oil and gasoline or diesel which can be volatile.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Success in refining is primarily a function of the difference in the amount the refiner pays for oil and the amount at which it sells the refined product\nEffect: the short- and long-term risks depend on movements in the prices of crude oil and gasoline or diesel which can be volatile\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "546edd48"
    },
    {
      "context": "We think the company might be trading at a premium because of long-term growth trends in eyecare, which could increase baseline demand over a longer-term time horizon.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: long-term growth trends in eyecare\nEffect: the company might be trading at a premium\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "0b4794e0"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe that Paycom's unified database and strong focus on employee self-service and data analytics will enable businesses to see the value in the firm's platform and will drive new client adoption alongside further entrenching existing clients within Paycom.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Paycom's unified database and strong focus on employee self-service and data analytics\nEffect: enable businesses to see the value in the firm's platform and will drive new client adoption alongside further entrenching existing clients within Paycom\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "46a80253"
    },
    {
      "context": "With gross margin improvement and revenue significantly outpacing the year-over-year increases needed in sales, marketing, and development efforts, we model operating margins to improve into the 20% range in fiscal 2025, up from a negative 30% in fiscal 2020.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: gross margin improvement and revenue significantly outpacing the year-over-year increases needed in sales, marketing, and development efforts\nEffect: we model operating margins to improve into the 20% range in fiscal 2025, up from a negative 30% in fiscal 2020\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "a9e89451"
    },
    {
      "context": "The recent resurgence of COVID-19 cases threatens to cause a near-term pause in the gradual improvement in global hotel demand since mid-April.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: The recent resurgence of COVID-19 cases\nEffect: a near-term pause in the gradual improvement in global hotel demand since mid-April\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "cb71a0fe"
    },
    {
      "context": "Given TE's excellent operating record and time-tested reliability, a customer would face little motivation to switch to a marginally cheaper supplier, given the potentially cataclysmic blow to the customer's reputation and profits that would arise from an ill-performing new system.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Given TE's excellent operating record and time-tested reliability\nEffect: a customer would face little motivation to switch to a marginally cheaper supplier\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "0c445dff"
    },
    {
      "context": "Given TE's excellent operating record and time-tested reliability, a customer would face little motivation to switch to a marginally cheaper supplier, given the potentially cataclysmic blow to the customer's reputation and profits that would arise from an ill-performing new system.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: given the potentially cataclysmic blow to the customer's reputation and profits that would arise from an ill-performing new system\nEffect: a customer would face little motivation to switch to a marginally cheaper supplier\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "9bad7ba2"
    },
    {
      "context": "There were a few new, stringent rules on licensing and operations in after-school tutoring in China, which would require providers to fulfil fire safety, space requirement, and obtain both operating licenses and education permits.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: There were a few new, stringent rules on licensing and operations in after-school tutoring in China\nEffect: require providers to fulfil fire safety, space requirement, and obtain both operating licenses and education permits\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "4aff2437"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect American's fundamentals will recover after a COVID-19 vaccine is distributed, which we assume will occur in 2021, and business travel subsequently resumes.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: a COVID-19 vaccine is distributed, which we assume will occur in 2021, and business travel subsequently resumes\nEffect: American's fundamentals will recover\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "36c70b3f"
    },
    {
      "context": "An OEM will gladly pay more for an integrated solution, because it is able to save time and costs by outsourcing the integration to a trusted design partner, like TE.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: outsourcing the integration to a trusted design partner, like TE\nEffect: save time and costs\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "ac706303"
    },
    {
      "context": "An OEM will gladly pay more for an integrated solution, because it is able to save time and costs by outsourcing the integration to a trusted design partner, like TE.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: save time and costs\nEffect: pay more for an integrated solution\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "b4a90e4e"
    },
    {
      "context": "Business ethics risk stems from Nissan's involvement in emissions cheating and a recall due to lacks final inspection protocol in Japan.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Nissan's involvement in emissions cheating and a recall\nEffect: Business ethics risk\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "14111add"
    },
    {
      "context": "Business ethics risk stems from Nissan's involvement in emissions cheating and a recall due to lacks final inspection protocol in Japan.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: lacks final inspection protocol in Japan\nEffect: Nissan's involvement in emissions cheating and a recall\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "3e0981d7"
    },
    {
      "context": "The Grand Prix pipeline will reduce Targa's costs for NGLs, as it will no longer pay third-party tariffs to transport its NGLs to market.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: it will no longer pay third-party tariffs to transport its NGLs to market\nEffect: The Grand Prix pipeline will reduce Targa's costs for NGLs\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "dbbf231a"
    },
    {
      "context": "The Grand Prix pipeline will reduce Targa's costs for NGLs, as it will no longer pay third-party tariffs to transport its NGLs to market.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: The Grand Prix pipeline\nEffect: reduce Targa's costs for NGLs\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "9d6b2fbd"
    },
    {
      "context": "In our opinion, Nvidia tends to provide more reliable drivers for most games that allows gamers to take full advantage of its GPUs, while AMD is unable to match Nvidia in breadth and consistency of driver updates.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Nvidia tends to provide more reliable drivers for most games that allows gamers to take full advantage of its GPUs\nEffect: AMD is unable to match Nvidia in breadth and consistency of driver updates\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "59a9973f"
    },
    {
      "context": "HDDs currently have superior cost metrics and higher capacities, but SSDs have been closing these gaps and quickly limiting the number of use cases for HDDs.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: SSDs\nEffect: closing these gaps and quickly limiting the number of use cases for HDDs\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "081129f2"
    },
    {
      "context": "Further, refining and processing margins are generally slim, so squeezing every possible drop of efficiency out of the assets is critical.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: squeezing every possible drop of efficiency out of the assets is critical\nEffect: refining and processing margins are generally slim\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "581d41a6"
    },
    {
      "context": "Positively, the need for dialysis clinics will not evaporate in that scenario since at-home patients need to be trained and monitored even if they don't receive treatment in the clinic.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: at-home patients need to be trained and monitored even if they don't receive treatment in the clinic\nEffect: , the need for dialysis clinics will not evaporate in that scenario\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "fa5f25f6"
    },
    {
      "context": "We anticipate the average selling price for the company's core Invisalign products will continue to decrease because of increasing competition in the mature North America market as well as increased direct-to-consumer markets that have lower average price points.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: increasing competition in the mature North America market as well as increased direct-to-consumer markets that have lower average price points\nEffect: the average selling price for the company's core Invisalign products will continue to decrease\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "7ac6fa5f"
    },
    {
      "context": "While both Synopsys and Cadence provide an end-to-end flow of EDA solutions for the chip design process (Mentor is a little more specialized), customers tend to use different vendors for each stage of the design process. As a result, a business may use Synopsys for verification tools/digital design, Cadence for logic synthesis/analog chips, and Mentor for physical layout/verification.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: While both Synopsys and Cadence provide an end-to-end flow of EDA solutions for the chip design process (Mentor is a little more specialized), customers tend to use different vendors for each stage of the design process\nEffect: a business may use Synopsys for verification tools/digital design, Cadence for logic synthesis/analog chips, and Mentor for physical layout/verification\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "97e75062"
    },
    {
      "context": "In Minnesota, Xcel has been able to use one-year rate adjustments in 2020 and 2021 to avoid large often contentious rate cases.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: In Minnesota, Xcel has been able to use one-year rate adjustments in 2020 and 2021\nEffect: large often contentious rate cases\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "ca46a5a8"
    },
    {
      "context": "Although this international presence provides new growth opportunities, diversifies revenue, and damps cyclicality, it also exposes the company to foreign currency, economic, and other risks.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: international presence\nEffect: provides new growth opportunities\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "ccafcdcc"
    },
    {
      "context": "Although this international presence provides new growth opportunities, diversifies revenue, and damps cyclicality, it also exposes the company to foreign currency, economic, and other risks.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: international presence\nEffect: diversifies revenue\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "db18fc77"
    },
    {
      "context": "Although this international presence provides new growth opportunities, diversifies revenue, and damps cyclicality, it also exposes the company to foreign currency, economic, and other risks.",
      "question": "2 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: international presence\nEffect: exposes the company to foreign currency\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "101d4d8a"
    },
    {
      "context": "And while Rogers historically had the top network, the evolution of a network sharing agreement between BCE and Telus closed the gap and resulted in them leapfrogging Rogers in many ''''best network'''' surveys.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the evolution of a network sharing agreement between BCE and Telus closed the gap\nEffect: them leapfrogging Rogers in many ''''best network'''' surveys\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "118c0ba2"
    },
    {
      "context": "The Charter acquisition led to depressed returns on invested capital including goodwill, which declined to the midsingle digits in recent years.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: The Charter acquisition\nEffect: depressed returns on invested capital including goodwill\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "8e7e2a34"
    },
    {
      "context": "The high quality of the company's operating performance translates directly into high midcycle returns on capital via the company's ability to charge premium prices on its services.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the company's ability to charge premium prices on its services\nEffect: The high quality of the company's operating performance translates directly into high midcycle returns on capital\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "7ff3a8ff"
    },
    {
      "context": "Macroeconomic uncertainty, high inflation, indirect exposure to global commodities demand, and political turmoil in certain markets can also influence future free cash flow projections.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Macroeconomic uncertainty, high inflation, indirect exposure to global commodities demand, and political turmoil in certain markets\nEffect: influence future free cash flow projections\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "a3c3e468"
    },
    {
      "context": "The firm has oriented itself to benefit from secular trends toward electrification, efficiency, and connectivity, and we think that investors will see meaningful top- and bottom-line growth as its end markets rebound from a couple years of soft demand.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: its end markets rebound from a couple years of soft demand\nEffect: investors will see meaningful top- and bottom-line growth\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "806a1d1e"
    },
    {
      "context": "In addition, Verizon's relatively straightforward corporate history and consistently strong financial position have enabled it to deploy its network in a highly coordinated manner over the past 15 years.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Verizon's relatively straightforward corporate history and consistently strong financial position\nEffect: it to deploy its network in a highly coordinated manner over the past 15 years\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "a41211fb"
    },
    {
      "context": "We are forecasting an organic annual revenue growth rate of roughly 5% from 2021 to 2025, fueled by mid-single-digit growth in Asia-Pacific.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: fueled by mid-single-digit growth in Asia-Pacific.\nEffect: We are forecasting an organic annual revenue growth rate of roughly 5% from 2021 to 2025,\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "11521f03"
    },
    {
      "context": "For example, in 2016, a weak environment in the oil and gas sector helped contribute to a double-digit revenue decline in the firm's industrial segment.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: a weak environment\nEffect: a double-digit revenue decline in the firm's industrial segment.\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "9e9f03db"
    },
    {
      "context": "With the acquisition of the 14 RSNs with 21 Fox-branded channels from Disney, Sinclair instantly diversified its revenue and operating income away from its dependence on local stations.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the acquisition of the 14 RSNs with 21 Fox-branded channels from Disney\nEffect: Sinclair instantly diversified its revenue and operating income away from its dependence on local stations\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "73f58768"
    },
    {
      "context": "Murphy Oil repositioned itself as a pure-play exploration and production company in 2013, spinning off its retail gas station business and selling its U.K.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: spinning off its retail gas station business and selling its U.K.\nEffect: Murphy Oil repositioned itself as a pure-play exploration and production company in 2013\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "bafe5810"
    },
    {
      "context": "If their partners prefer to vend other software spend management tools, then Coupa could face a slowdown in sales and lose out on potential customers.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: vend other software spend management tools\nEffect: Coupa could face a slowdown in sales and lose out on potential customers\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "7725d287"
    },
    {
      "context": "In addition, given the fixed number of hours per day, higher usage and engagement on one social network could come at a cost to other social networks, reducing user engagement and the potential return on investment for advertisers.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: higher usage and engagement on one social network could come at a cost to other social networks\nEffect: user engagement and the potential return on investment for advertisers\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "532a6806"
    },
    {
      "context": "In addition, given the fixed number of hours per day, higher usage and engagement on one social network could come at a cost to other social networks, reducing user engagement and the potential return on investment for advertisers.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the fixed number of hours per day\nEffect: higher usage and engagement on one social network could come at a cost to other social networks\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "f2fa65b4"
    },
    {
      "context": "If the firm is unable to effectively source and integrate new employees, it could stymie innovation and affect Paylocity's competitive positioning.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the firm is unable to effectively source and integrate new employees\nEffect: stymie innovation and affect Paylocity's competitive positioning\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "e3673d60"
    },
    {
      "context": "Weakness in the global economy could bode poorly for chip demand from industrial and automotive customers from time to time.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Weakness in the global economy\nEffect: bode poorly for chip demand from industrial and automotive customers from time to time\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "48839ff0"
    },
    {
      "context": "ADI and its chipmaking peers tend to profit from these high switching costs by having lower ongoing R&amp;D and capital expenditure investments than digital chipmakers, which helps to contribute to healthy returns on capital for shareholders.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: ADI and its chipmaking peers tend to profit from these high switching costs by having lower ongoing R&amp;D and capital expenditure investments than digital chipmakers\nEffect: helps to contribute to healthy returns on capital for shareholders\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "43192944"
    },
    {
      "context": "We then expect the company to leverage the cost item starting in 2022, driven by a recovery in travel demand and by the power of a more built out network.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: a recovery in travel demand and by the power of a more built out network\nEffect: the company to leverage the cost item starting in 2022\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "920090a2"
    },
    {
      "context": "Its operational efficiency, network effect, and laser focus on customer service provide its marketplaces with sustainable competitive advantages that traditional retailers cannot match; this should yield additional market share gains in the years to come.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Its operational efficiency, network effect, and laser focus on customer service\nEffect: its marketplaces with sustainable competitive advantages that traditional retailers cannot match\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "1df950ff"
    },
    {
      "context": "Its operational efficiency, network effect, and laser focus on customer service provide its marketplaces with sustainable competitive advantages that traditional retailers cannot match; this should yield additional market share gains in the years to come.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: its marketplaces with sustainable competitive advantages that traditional retailers cannot match\nEffect: yield additional market share gains\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "233909c4"
    },
    {
      "context": "Despite the inevitable complexity of appealing to distinct local palates, we believe Monster's continued geographic diversification should augment its positioning.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: Monster's continued geographic diversification\nEffect: augment its positioning\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "19099b1f"
    },
    {
      "context": "When credit standards become tougher in a tightening cycle, financing services can make a difference for manufacturers to lock in those customers.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: credit standards become tougher in a tightening cycle\nEffect: financing services can make a difference for manufacturers to lock in those customers\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "07c03ea4"
    },
    {
      "context": "These competitive advantages have allowed the firm to maintain its technological edge through a large research and development budget and close relationships with customers to identify future needs in the PDC space.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: These competitive advantages\nEffect: allowed the firm to maintain its technological edge through a large research and development budget and close relationships with customers to identify future needs in the PDC space\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "176339aa"
    },
    {
      "context": "As one of the world's leading volume producers, Volkswagen's economies of scale from common platforms across a growing number of models enable cost savings unattainable by smaller competitors.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: common platforms across a growing number of models\nEffect: Volkswagen's economies of scale\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "6f89b005"
    },
    {
      "context": "As one of the world's leading volume producers, Volkswagen's economies of scale from common platforms across a growing number of models enable cost savings unattainable by smaller competitors.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Volkswagen's economies of scale from common platforms across a growing number of models\nEffect: cost savings unattainable by smaller competitors\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "5eb0609b"
    },
    {
      "context": "As one of the world's leading volume producers, Volkswagen's economies of scale from common platforms across a growing number of models enable cost savings unattainable by smaller competitors.",
      "question": "2 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: Volkswagen's economies of scale\nEffect: smaller competitors\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "21d4a0a1"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe smaller local and regional competitors will struggle to win market share in agriculture markets globally, allowing CNH Industrial to maintain its strong market share positions.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "prevent",
      "answers": "Cause: smaller local and regional competitors\nEffect: win market share in agriculture markets globally\nRelation: prevent",
      "id": "4d02a685"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe smaller local and regional competitors will struggle to win market share in agriculture markets globally, allowing CNH Industrial to maintain its strong market share positions.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: smaller local and regional competitors will struggle to win market share in agriculture markets globally\nEffect: CNH Industrial to maintain its strong market share positions\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "3450f663"
    },
    {
      "context": "As mass merchants and online retailers have enhanced their consumer electronic product assortments and OEMs built out their own retail and direct-to-consumer channels, suppliers have become less dependent on Best Buy for distribution, in our view.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: mass merchants and online retailers have enhanced their consumer electronic product assortments and OEMs built out their own retail and direct-to-consumer channels\nEffect: suppliers have become less dependent on Best Buy for distribution\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "c88f9295"
    },
    {
      "context": "We think that software programs like Autodesk's Inventor or Dassault Systemes' SolidWorks have a more expansive university presence given that they specialize in meeting midmarket CAD needs, which makes up the majority of the CAD market.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: they specialize in meeting midmarket CAD needs, which makes up the majority of the CAD market\nEffect: software programs like Autodesk's Inventor or Dassault Systemes' SolidWorks have a more expansive university presence\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "4c7d9af6"
    },
    {
      "context": "Durable cost advantages for industry participants are elusive because low-cost carriers and ultra-low-cost carriers' business model is predicated on continuously driving down yields to attract customers with lower fares.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: low-cost carriers and ultra-low-cost carriers' business model is predicated on continuously driving down yields to attract customers with lower fares\nEffect: Durable cost advantages for industry participants are elusive\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "a4672767"
    },
    {
      "context": "Meanwhile, we expect IP revenue to grow at a low-double digit rate, bolstered by a growth in chip customization as Moore's Law slows and chip designers seek to differentiate their products.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: a growth in chip customization\nEffect: IP revenue to grow at a low-double digit rate\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "586d33e3"
    },
    {
      "context": "Meanwhile, we expect IP revenue to grow at a low-double digit rate, bolstered by a growth in chip customization as Moore's Law slows and chip designers seek to differentiate their products.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: Moore's Law slows and chip designers seek to differentiate their products\nEffect: a growth in chip customization\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "85ae15ae"
    },
    {
      "context": "We believe that the infrastructure platform products have garnered a positive reputation from customers due to the proliferation of Cisco products and services within customers' networks.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: the proliferation of Cisco products and services within customers' networks\nEffect: the infrastructure platform products have garnered a positive reputation from customers\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "4f3b2401"
    },
    {
      "context": "First, NICE could face limitations to total addressable market (TAM) expansion and market share growth due to increased competition in the contact center space.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: increased competition in the contact center space\nEffect: NICE could face limitations to total addressable market (TAM) expansion and market share growth\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "ca43df0a"
    },
    {
      "context": "We expect the segment to grow by 9.4% with tailwinds from the rising number of cybersecurity threats and IT infrastructure needs.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the rising number of cybersecurity threats and IT infrastructure needs\nEffect: the segment to grow by 9.4% with tailwinds\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "5d22ee6b"
    },
    {
      "context": "The current economic environment and the fallout from COVID-19 is a stark reminder of this, where corporate spending, consumer spending, and travel have all been curtailed, significantly affecting the company's revenue.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: corporate spending, consumer spending, and travel have all been curtailed\nEffect: affecting the company's revenue\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "d58e4849"
    },
    {
      "context": "We see upside in margins for the F-35, as more sustainment enters the business mix as well and the potential to move to a more fixed-price contract as the aircraft becomes a major defense acquisition program.",
      "question": "0 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: more sustainment enters the business mix as well\nEffect: We see upside in margins for the F-35\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "1681280e"
    },
    {
      "context": "We see upside in margins for the F-35, as more sustainment enters the business mix as well and the potential to move to a more fixed-price contract as the aircraft becomes a major defense acquisition program.",
      "question": "1 What are the events?",
      "question_type": "cause",
      "answers": "Cause: the aircraft becomes a major defense acquisition program\nEffect: the potential to move to a more fixed-price contract\nRelation: cause",
      "id": "65f696ad"
    },
    {
      "context": "M&G could do with restoring the prestige of this asset-management part of the business and we think this would most likely be achieved by building a top-tier operation in institutional asset management.",
      "question": "What are the events?",
      "question_type": "enable",
      "answers": "Cause: be achieved by building a top-tier operation in institutional asset management\nEffect: M&G could do with restoring the prestige of this asset-management part of the business\nRelation: enable",
      "id": "a358eb5b"
    }
  ]
}
