QUESTION = How are old films and photograph's, that are old, grainy and captured on film, restored to 1080p HD?

GENERATION = To be clear - they aren't "restored" to "1080p" the way they were filmed. To answer your second question - they are not "restored" to 1080p, they are "enhanced", that is, added to the original. 1080p is the equivalent to 4K - but for clarity, it's not an actual 4K resolution. If you're asking why you can't go back to an original film and find it in 1080p - well, it's because it was actually in 4K - it was in 8K at the time. The original is a *lossy* copy of the original - as in, it was made up of a bunch of pixels that didn't capture the original, and the quality and resolution of the subsequent copies are enhanced to give you a better digital picture, which then gives you a higher resolution. No true "restoration" takes place since a "higher" number of pixels has been added to the final copy to give you the highest possible resolution you can get. Source: _URL_1_ edit: 

RETRIEVAL #0 = Beware of Bachelors---of Congress Packard Campus for Audio-Visual Conservation in Washington, D.C., and a 16mm copy survives at the University of Wisconsin at Madison. Section::::References. Notes 

RETRIEVAL #1 = Film---storage, and the motion picture industry is exploring many alternatives. Most films on cellulose nitrate base have been copied onto modern safety films. Some studios save color films through the use of separation masters: three B&W negatives each exposed through red, green, or blue filters (essentially a reverse of the Technicolor process). Digital methods have also been used to restore films, although their continued obsolescence cycle makes them (as of 2006) a poor choice for long-term preservation. Film preservation of decaying film stock is a matter of concern to both film historians and archivists and to companies interested in preserving their existing products in order to make them available to future generations (and thereby increase revenue). Preservation is generally a higher concern for nitrate and single-strip color films, due to their high decay rates; black-and-white films on safety bases and color films preserved on Technicolor imbibition prints tend to keep up much better, assuming proper handling and storage. Some films in recent decades have been recorded using analog video technology similar to that used in television production. Modern digital video cameras and digital projectors are gaining ground as well. These approaches are preferred by some film-makers, especially because footage shot with digital cinema can be evaluated and edited with non-linear editing systems (NLE) without waiting for the film stock to be process 

RETRIEVAL #2 = Film preservation---of Moving Image Archivists (AMIA) BULLET::::- International Federation of Film Archives (FIAF) BULLET::::- Conservation Online: Motion Picture Film Preservation BULLET::::- Digital-Nitrate Prize for Film Preservation BULLET::::- Collection of film restoration issues, collected by Joanneum Research BULLET::::- The National Film and Sound Archive on Preservation BULLET::::- The "Journal of Film Preservation", published by FIAF BULLET::::- The International Association of Sound and Audiovisual Archives BULLET::::- Film Forever: The Home Film Preservation Guide BULLET::::- Australian Network for Information on Cellulose Acetate 

RETRIEVAL #3 = Conservation and restoration of film---Charles. Cellulose Nitrate in Conservation. Getty Publications, 1988. Section::::External links. BULLET::::- A Short Guide to Film Based Photographic Materials: Identification, Care and Duplication, Northeast Document Conservation Center Preservation Leaflet 5.1 BULLET::::- Appendix M: Management of Cellulose Nitrate and Cellulose Ester Film, National Park Service BULLET::::- Care, Handling, and Storage of Photographs, Library of Congress BULLET::::- Caring for Your Treasures, The American Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works BULLET::::- Caring for Cellulose Nitrate Film, National Park Service, Conserve O Gram BULLET::::- Cold Storage, National Park Service BULLET::::- Cold Storage References, Conservation Center for Art and Historic Artifacts BULLET::::- filmcare.org, Image Permanence Institute BULLET::::- Film Preservation Guide: The Basics for Archives, Libraries and Museums, National Film Preservation Foundation BULLET::::- Identification of Film-Based Photographic Materials, National Park Service, Conserve O Gram BULLET::::- Photograph Conservation Terminology, Conservation Center for Art 

RETRIEVAL #4 = Wagon Master---colored versions of the film were donated to The Library of Congress, along with an original master reel copy of the film. The reel is stored in an individual secure vault at the Packard Campus in Culpeper, Virginia in order to preserve the film for future generations. 

RETRIEVAL #5 = Media preservation---Congress - USA BULLET::::- Academy Film Archive BULLET::::- National Archives and Records Administration - USA BULLET::::- Packard Humanities Institute BULLET::::- George Eastman Museum BULLET::::- George Eastman House Motion Picture Collection BULLET::::- Museum of the Moving Image (New York City) BULLET::::- National Film Board of Canada BULLET::::- Separation masters BULLET::::- Film preservation BULLET::::- Photograph preservation 

RETRIEVAL #6 = Conservation and restoration of photographs---NY: Eastman Kodak Co., 1986. BULLET::::- Ritzenthaler, Mary Lynn and Diane Voght-O'Connor, et al. "Photographs: Archival Care and Management." Chicago: Society of American Archivistis, 2006. Section::::External links. Section::::External links.:Organizations. BULLET::::- The Photographic Materials Group of the American Institute for Conservation BULLET::::- The Advanced Residency Program in Photograph Conservation at the George Eastman House BULLET::::- Notes on Photographs, a Wiki from George Eastman House BULLET::::- The Image Permanence Institute BULLET::::- ICOM-CC Photographic Materials Working Group Section::::External links.:Guides. BULLET::::- Basics of Photograph Preservation BULLET::::- Preservation and Archives Professionals BULLET::::- Care, Handling, and Storage of Photographs, Library of Congress BULLET::::- The Care and Preservation of Photographic Prints, The Henry Ford Museum BULLET::::- Preservation of Photographs: Select Bibliography, Northeast Document Conservation Center BULLET::::- Caring for Your Photographs, The American Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works (AIC)