,Unnamed: 0,Chapter,Midterm,Model,Condition,Question,Answer,questionId
0,6176,chapter_3_4,1st midterm,GPT3,From GPT-3 generated summary,"What is the similarity between an uninformed search algorithm and an informed search algorithm?
",The similarity between an uninformed search algorithm and an informed search algorithm is that both are given the location of each city and can make better decisions based on that information.,6176
1,5128,chapter_2_4,1st midterm,GPT3,From raw text,"What is an agent program?
",An agent program is the program that implements the agent function.,5128
2,1308,slp_chapter4_4,midterm_2,GPT3,Zero,"How does the bootstrapping method generalize well?
",The bootstrapping method generalizes well by using previously trained language models.,1308
3,2474,chapter19_6,midterm_2,T5,GoodSummary,What produces a sparse model?,L_1 regularization,2474
4,6320,chapter_2_2_3,1st midterm,T5,From GPT-3 generated summary,What kind of cases are there in which the environment is completely known a priori and completely predictable?,extreme cases,6320
5,792,chapter6_2,midterm_1,GPT3,BadSummary,"What is the worst-case running time of ac-3?

",The worst-case running time of ac-3 is $o(cd^3)$.,792
6,6444,chapter_3_4_3,1st midterm,T5,From GPT-3 generated summary,Why is depth-first search not cost-optimal?,can get stuck in an infinite loop in a cyclic state space,6444
7,321,slp_chapter6_3,midterm_2,GPT3,Best Condition - with Davinci,"What is the relationship between two documents with similar words?
","If two documents have similar words, then the column vectors will be similar.",321
8,4935,slp_chapter7_1,midterm_2,T5,Best Condition - with Davinci,What is a neural network?,a network of small computing units,4935
9,3976,chapter17_1,midterm_2,T5,Fewshot,"What is a sequential decision problem for a fully observable, stochastic environment with a Markovian transition model and additive rewards?",A Markov Decision Process,3976
10,949,slp_chapter5_2,midterm_2,GPT3,BadSummary,"What is a metric for how close the current label (yˆ) is to the true gold label y.

",4,949
11,5330,chapter_1_1_5,1st midterm,T5,From raw text,What should the car avoid doing?,shaking up the passenger,5330
12,1578,chapter7_3,midterm_1,GPT3,Fewshot,"What is the set of all models of a?
",The set of all models of a is m(a).,1578
13,439,chapter6_1,midterm_1,GPT3,GoodSummary,"What is the difference between a constraint satisfaction problem and a problem in propositional logic?
","A constraint satisfaction problem has a set of variables, a set of domains, and a set of constraints defining permissible value combinations. a problem in propositional logic has a set of propositions, a set of operators, and a set of proof rules.",439
14,3505,chapter19_3,midterm_2,T5,Zero,Decision trees can often be what?,very intuitive,3505
15,6088,chapter_2_2_2,1st midterm,GPT3,From GPT-3 generated summary,"What is a rational agent expected to do?
","A rational agent is expected to select an action that is expected to maximize its performance measure, given the evidence provided by the percept sequence and whatever built-in knowledge the agent has.",6088
16,504,chapter22_1,midterm_2,GPT3,GoodSummary,"What is model-free reinforcement learning?
",Model-free reinforcement learning is when a utility function is used to intreprety and make decisions.,504
17,393,chapter3_4,midterm_1,GPT3,GoodSummary,"What is uniform-cost search?
",Uniform-cost search is a type of best-first search that uses path cost as the evaluation function.,393
18,3813,chapter3_3,midterm_1,T5,Fewshot,What does a search algorithm use to wait until a node is popped off the queue?,late goal tests,3813
19,842,chapter12_1,midterm_2,GPT3,BadSummary,"- the agent's knowledge state provides a summary of the uncertainty in the world, and the agent's utility function gives an account of the agent's preferences over the possible outcomes
","1:
",842
20,2780,chapter2_4,midterm_1,T5,BadSummary,What can an agent use to find a sequence of actions to reach a goal?,search and planning strategies,2780
21,5076,chapter_27_1_2,1st midterm,GPT3,From raw text,"What is the argument from disability? 
",The argument from disability is the claim that a machine can never do x.,5076
22,989,slp_chapter6_2,midterm_2,GPT3,BadSummary,"That can be asked about a word?
",The most abstract,989
23,812,chapter7_3,midterm_1,GPT3,BadSummary,"What is a model?
",A model is a set of possible worlds in which a sentence is true.,812
24,5303,chapter_1_1_4,1st midterm,T5,From raw text,How many advantages does the rational-agent approach to AI have over other approaches?,two,5303
25,3395,chapter12_1,midterm_2,T5,Zero,What can be used to summarize the uncertainty that comes from an agent's laziness and ignorance?,probability theory,3395
26,1005,slp_chapter6_12,midterm_2,GPT3,BadSummary,"What is the intrinsic evaluation metric for vector models?
",The intrinsic evaluation metric for vector models is to test their performance on similarity: computing the correlation between an algorithm’s word similarity scores and word similarity ratings assigned by humans.,1005
27,5123,chapter_2_3_2,1st midterm,GPT3,From raw text,"What are the dimensions along which task environments can be categorized?
","The range of task environments that might arise in ai is obviously vast. we can, however, identify a fairly small number of dimensions along which task environments can be categorized. these dimensions determine, to a large extent, the appropriate agent design and the applicability of each of the principal families of techniques for agent implementation.",5123
28,826,chapter17_2,midterm_2,GPT3,BadSummary,"What is policy iteration?
",Policy iteration is an algorithm that computes the optimal policy by updating the current policy's value with the optimal policy computed from the current policy.,826
29,702,slp_chapter6_3,midterm_2,GPT3,GoodSummary,"What is common to use smaller contexts, generally a window around the word (4 words to the left and 4 words to the right)?
","Common to use smaller contexts, generally a window around the word (4 words to the left and 4 words to the right), in which case the cell represents the number of times (in some training corpus) the column word occurs in such a ±4 word window around the row word.",702
30,2380,chapter13_2,midterm_2,T5,GoodSummary,What is the joint distribution of a linear-gaussian network?,multivariate Gaussian distribution over all variables,2380
31,3101,slp_chapter6_8,midterm_2,T5,BadSummary,What does Word2vec use to train a classifier?,logistic regression,3101
32,5101,chapter_27_2_2,1st midterm,GPT3,From raw text,What is the ,To the,5101
33,680,slp_chapter7_6,midterm_2,GPT3,GoodSummary,"What is the complexity of the optimization problem in neural networks?
","In neural networks, the optimization problem is a non-convex optimization problem, more complex than for logistic regression.",680
34,1033,chapter3_1,midterm_1,GPT3,Zero,"What is a search problem?
","A search problem has a set of possible states (state space), an initial state, a set of goal states, a set of actions applicable in a state (actions(s)), a transition model, and an action cost function.",1033
35,1916,chapter2_1,midterm_1,T5,GoodSummary,What are actuators?,"hands, legs, vocal tract",1916
36,275,slp_chapter7_1,midterm_2,GPT3,Best Condition - with Davinci,"What is an activation function?
",The activation function is a non-linear function applied by neural units.,275
37,1710,chapter13_2,midterm_2,GPT3,Fewshot,"What is the chain rule?
",The chain rule states that p(,1710
38,1888,slp_chapter6_12,midterm_2,GPT3,Fewshot,"What task is used for evaluation of intrinsic similarity tasks that include context?
",The,1888
39,110,chapter12_3,midterm_2,GPT3,Best Condition - with Davinci,"What is the probabilistic inference procedure for a single variable x and list of evidence variables e?
",The probabilistic inference procedure for a single variable x and list of evidence variables e is to query the probability p(x|e) can be evaluated as: p,110
40,5749,chapter_2_4_6,1st midterm,T5,From raw text,Is it important that the performance standard be fixed?,not,5749
41,6317,chapter_2_2_3,1st midterm,T5,From GPT-3 generated summary,What is an example of an exploration that must be undertaken in an initially unknown environment?,vacuum-cleaning agent,6317
42,6129,chapter_2_4_6,1st midterm,GPT3,From GPT-3 generated summary,"What is the most important distinction in learning agents?
","The most important distinction in learning agents is between the learning element, which is responsible for making improvements, and the performance element, which is responsible for selecting external actions.",6129
43,2712,slp_chapter6_11,midterm_2,T5,GoodSummary,Can use this in a historical context to see what?,historical biases,2712
44,496,chapter17_2,midterm_2,GPT3,GoodSummary,"What is policy iteration?
",Policy iteration is a decision making algorithm that uses the bellman equation to find exact solutions offline.,496
45,6187,chapter_3_4_3,1st midterm,GPT3,From GPT-3 generated summary,"What are the advantages of depth-first search?
",Depth-first search is efficient for tree-shaped state-spaces.,6187
46,336,slp_chapter6_10,midterm_2,GPT3,Best Condition - with Davinci,"What is the term frequency?
",The term frequency is the frequency of word $t$ in document $d$.,336
47,770,chapter5_2,midterm_1,GPT3,BadSummary,"What is the pseudocode of the minmax algorithm?
",The pseudocode of the minmax algorithm is,770
48,2504,slp_chapter4_4,midterm_2,T5,GoodSummary,"What does ""didn't like this movie, but I"" change to?","""didn’t NOT_like NOT_this NOT_movie, but I""",2504
49,6010,chapter_1_1_1,1st midterm,GPT3,From GPT-3 generated summary,"Who proposed the turing test?
",Alan turing proposed the turing test.,6010
50,4727,SLP_chapter3_3,midterm_2,T5,Best Condition - with Davinci,What can be done by generating random bigrams that start with s?,Bigrams,4727
51,6236,chapter_27_1,1st midterm,T5,From GPT-3 generated summary,What does the rapid progress of recent years not do?,prove that there can be no limits to what AI can achieve,6236
52,6196,chapter_3_4_5,1st midterm,GPT3,From GPT-3 generated summary,"What is the first solution found in bidirectional search an optimal solution?
","With the same evaluation function, the first solution found in bidirectional search is an optimal solution.",6196
53,1687,SLP_chapter3_3,midterm_2,GPT3,Fewshot,"What is the forward-backward algorithm?
",The forward-backward algorithm is used to do n-gram generation.,1687
54,3716,slp_chapter6_12,midterm_2,T5,Zero,What is the intrinsic evaluation metric testing against human-assigned ratings?,algorithm's word similarity scores,3716
55,5065,chapter_27,1st midterm,GPT3,From raw text,"Of whether or not machines can act intelligently?
",Some philosophers argue that machines can never,5065
56,3888,chapter16_3,midterm_1,T5,Fewshot,What is a process by which a human decides what the utility function of an artificial agent should be?,Preference elicitation,3888
57,5093,chapter_27_2,1st midterm,GPT3,From raw text,"What is the difference between a simulation of thinking and actual thinking?
","A simulation of thinking is a program that acts like a human, whereas actual thinking is the process of a human using his or her brain.",5093
58,5978,chapter_3_4_4,1st midterm,T5,From raw text,What does depth-limited search use to handle longer cycles?,depth limit,5978
59,4067,SLP_chapter3_1,midterm_2,T5,Fewshot,What is used to compute joint probability?,chain rule,4067
60,5062,chapter_27,1st midterm,GPT3,From raw text,"How can we keep ai safe?
",We can keep ai safe by making sure that it is never allowed to make decisions that could harm human beings.,5062
61,1891,chapter1_1,midterm_1,T5,GoodSummary,What does the Turing Test Approach require?,Knowledge Representation,1891
62,2743,chapter2_3,midterm_1,T5,BadSummary,"If the env state is not known after the action, this is what?",nondeterministic,2743
63,4470,chapter5_2,midterm_1,T5,Best Condition - with Davinci,How do you back up the minmax value?,choosing the min/max of all child minmax values,4470
64,4900,slp_chapter5_1,midterm_2,T5,Best Condition - with Davinci,What are the two phases of logistic regression?,training and testing,4900
65,2801,chapter3_1,midterm_1,T5,BadSummary,What are states?,vertices,2801
66,1705,chapter13_1,midterm_2,GPT3,Fewshot,"What is the difference between a bayesian network and a markov network?
",A markov network is a bayesian network in which the conditional dependencies are explicitly represented.,1705
67,583,chapter19_2,midterm_2,GPT3,GoodSummary,"What is the goal of machine learning?
",The goal of machine learning is to determine a model/hypothesis h that approximates true function f(x).,583
68,2275,chapter22_4,midterm_2,T5,GoodSummary,Machine state = what?,current internal state of agent program,2275
69,1542,chapter16_3,midterm_1,GPT3,Fewshot,"What is the formula for the expected utility of a lottery?
",The formula for the expected utility of a lottery is,1542
70,759,chapter3_6,midterm_1,GPT3,BadSummary,"What is better, having a heuristic that gives higher values or one that gives lower values?
","It is better to have a heuristic that gives higher values than one that gives lower values, so long as they are still admissible/consistent.",759
71,1272,chapter19_2,midterm_2,GPT3,Zero,"What is the ground truth?
",The ground truth is the true label.,1272
72,5493,chapter_2_1,1st midterm,T5,From raw text,"By specifying the agent’s choice of action for every possible percept sequence, we have said what about the agent?",more or less everything,5493
73,1444,chapter1_1,midterm_1,GPT3,Fewshot,"What is the engineering approach to artificial intelligence?
",The engineering approach to artificial intelligence is the ability to act rationally.,1444
74,3084,slp_chapter9_3,midterm_2,T5,BadSummary,What do weights serve as?,embeddings,3084
75,3236,chapter5_2,midterm_1,T5,Zero,What epth of the game tree is d?,d,3236
76,4238,slp_chapter7_1,midterm_2,T5,Fewshot,The power of neural networks comes from the ability of which layers to learn representations that can be utilized by later layers in the network?,early layers,4238
77,1483,chapter3_1,midterm_1,GPT3,Fewshot,"What is search?
",Search is the process of simulating sequences of actions to reach a goal. a correct sequence that reaches a goal is a solution.,1483
78,1350,slp_chapter5_4,midterm_2,GPT3,Zero,"What is the advantage of stochastic gradient descent over batch gradient descent?
","Stochastic gradient descent is an online algorithm that does not require the entire training dataset to be available before computing the gradient, which makes it well-suited for large training datasets.",1350
79,1353,slp_chapter5_5,midterm_2,GPT3,Zero,"What is l2 regularization?
","L2 regularization is a quadratic function of the weight values, named after the l2 norm of the weight values.",1353
80,5905,chapter_3_3_4,1st midterm,T5,From raw text,"To understand completeness, consider a search problem with what?",a single goal,5905
81,5994,chapter_3_4_5,1st midterm,T5,From raw text,What do we need to keep track of for bidirectional search to work?,two frontiers and two tables of reached states,5994
82,2659,slp_chapter9_2,midterm_2,T5,GoodSummary,What is another term for RNN?,Backpropagation Through Time,2659
83,6068,chapter_2,1st midterm,GPT3,From GPT-3 generated summary,"What is an agent?
",An agent is a mechanism that interacts with its environment to achieve a goal.,6068
84,3920,chapter6_3,midterm_1,T5,Fewshot,What is the process of using information to make deductions?,Inference,3920
85,2988,chapter19_4,midterm_2,T5,BadSummary,What can reduce the number of dimensions that model works with?,feature selection,2988
86,6136,chapter_3,1st midterm,GPT3,From GPT-3 generated summary,"What are the different types of search algorithms?
","The different types of search algorithms include episodic, single agent, fully observable, deterministic, static, discrete, and known environments.",6136
87,5413,chapter_27_1_4,1st midterm,T5,From raw text,How long does a program have to have a conversation with an interrogator?,five minutes,5413
88,5224,chapter_3_4_3,1st midterm,GPT3,From raw text,"How is depth-first search implemented?
",Depth-first search is implemented as a call to best-,5224
89,3560,slp_chapter4_6,midterm_2,T5,Zero,What model will assign higher probabilities to sentences given a positive sentiment?,positive model,3560
90,187,chapter19_4,midterm_2,GPT3,Best Condition - with Davinci,"What is the optimal fit?
","The optimal fit is the hypothesis that minimizes the error rate, which is measured on the test set of examples.",187
91,6274,chapter_2,1st midterm,T5,From GPT-3 generated summary,How well an agent can behave depends on what?,nature of the environment,6274
92,3672,slp_chapter9_2,midterm_2,T5,Zero,What model simultaneously learns the word vectors and the parameters of the function?,The neural LM,3672
93,3279,chapter6_1,midterm_1,T5,Zero,AC-3(csp) maintains a queue of what?,arcs,3279
94,2593,slp_chapter5_4,midterm_2,T5,GoodSummary,What affects how the algorithm works?,Hyperparameters,2593
95,6404,chapter_3_3_3,1st midterm,T5,From GPT-3 generated summary,How many states does the search tree have?,infinite,6404
96,1239,SLP_chapter3_5,midterm_2,GPT3,Zero,"What is the difference between discounting smoothing and add-k smoothing?
","Discounting smoothing lowers some non-zero counts in order to get probability mass that is assigned to zero counts, while add-k smoothing moves a bit less of the probability mass to the unseen events, instead of adding one we add a fractional count k.",1239
97,692,slp_chapter9_3,midterm_2,GPT3,GoodSummary,"How do we train an rnn?
","To train an rnn, we use a corpus of text as training material, having the model predict the next word at each time step t. we train the model to minimize the error in predicting the true next word in the training sequence, using cross-entropy as the loss function.",692
98,3301,chapter6_3,midterm_1,T5,Zero,Which heuristic chooses the next variable to examine based on the variable with the largest number of constraints on other variables?,The degree heuristic,3301
99,1416,slp_chapter6_4,midterm_2,GPT3,Zero,"What is the dot product of the two vectors 
",The dot product of the two vectors is,1416
100,6258,chapter_27_2_1,1st midterm,T5,From GPT-3 generated summary,What type of symbols are slipped under the door of a room?,indecipherable,6258
101,2723,chapter1_1,midterm_1,T5,BadSummary,What chapter summarizes four approaches to develpoing AI?,Chapter 1.1,2723
102,998,slp_chapter6_11,midterm_2,GPT3,BadSummary,"What is allocational harm?
",Allocational harm is a system alloharm cates resources (jobs or credit) unfairly to different groups.,998
103,352,chapter1_1,midterm_1,GPT3,Best Condition - with Davinci,"What is the turing test approach?
",The turing test approach is an approach in which a computer is checked to see if it can pass as human by answering questions.,352
104,2036,chapter16_3,midterm_1,T5,GoodSummary,What is one in million chance of death?,Micromort,2036
105,2755,chapter2_3,midterm_1,T5,BadSummary,"What is used to describe the state of the env, how time is handled, percepts and actions?",Discrete,2755
106,669,slp_chapter7_3,midterm_2,GPT3,GoodSummary,"What is a feedforward network?
","A feedforward network is a multilayer network in which the units are connected with no cycles; the outputs from units in each layer
are passed to units in the next higher layer, and no outputs are passed back to lower layers.",669
107,3963,chapter16_2,midterm_2,T5,Fewshot,How many constraints on rational preferences are there?,six,3963
108,11,chapter6_2,midterm_1,GPT3,Best Condition - with Davinci,"What is the domain size of the csp after ac-3?

",The domain size of the csp after ac-3 is the same as the domain size of the csp before ac-3.,11
109,6387,chapter_3_1_2,1st midterm,T5,From GPT-3 generated summary,What is the process of removing detail from a representation in order to formulate a problem?,abstraction,6387
110,5872,chapter_3_3_2,1st midterm,T5,From raw text,What is another name for a stack?,last-in-first-out queue,5872
111,5707,chapter_2_4_4,1st midterm,T5,From raw text,What can a taxi do at a road junction?,"turn left, turn right, or go straight on",5707
112,5013,slp_chapter6_10,midterm_2,T5,Best Condition - with Davinci,The term frequency is the frequency of word $t$ in what?,document $d$,5013
113,5125,chapter_2_4,1st midterm,GPT3,From raw text,"What is the job of ai?
",The job of ai is to design an agent program that implements the agent function—the mapping from percepts to actions.,5125
114,3018,slp_chapter4_9,midterm_2,T5,BadSummary,What function returns p-value(x)?,BOOTSTRAP,3018
115,4393,chapter2_3,midterm_1,T5,Best Condition - with Davinci,What type of environment is one in which the next state is not known after the action?,nondeterministic,4393
116,3545,slp_chapter4_2,midterm_2,T5,Zero,What is the machine learning model that we will be using to generate our summaries?,parametric model,3545
117,712,slp_chapter6_8,midterm_2,GPT3,GoodSummary,"What is the solution to the problem with word2vec that it has no good way to deal with unknown words?
","Fasttext addresses this problem by using subword models, representing",712
118,1769,slp_chapter4_6,midterm_2,GPT3,Fewshot,"How is a naive bayes classifier similar to language modeling?
",A naive bayes classifier can be viewed as a set of class-specific unigram language models in which the model for each class instantiates a unigram language model.,1769
119,4888,slp_chapter4_8,midterm_2,T5,Best Condition - with Davinci,What is a measure of how well the function maps the input to the output?,performance of the function,4888
120,6036,chapter_27_1,1st midterm,GPT3,From GPT-3 generated summary,"What is human-level ai/general ai?
","Human-level ai/general ai is a program that can solve an arbitrarily wide variety of tasks, including novel ones, and do so as well as a human.",6036
121,6323,chapter_2_2_3,1st midterm,T5,From GPT-3 generated summary,What insect fetches a ball of dung from a nearby heap to plug the entrance?,lowly dung beetle,6323
122,1322,slp_chapter4_7,midterm_2,GPT3,Zero,"What is the adjusted precision/recall metric for a system with more than 2 classes?
","The adjusted precision/recall metric for a system with more than 2 classes is macro averaging, which computes performance for each class and then averages over all classes.",1322
123,1782,slp_chapter4_10,midterm_2,GPT3,Fewshot,"What is the difference between a representational harm and a physical harm?
",A representational harm is a harm caused by a system that demeans a social group.,1782
124,2841,chapter6_1,midterm_1,T5,BadSummary,What is the first variable in a strong n-consistent CSP?,X1,2841
125,1227,SLP_chapter3_2,midterm_2,GPT3,Zero,"For a test set with n words, what is the perplexity?
",The perplexity of a language model on a test set is the nth root of the inverse probability of the test set.,1227
126,3306,chapter6_4,midterm_1,T5,Zero,What is a popular local search method?,min conflict,3306
127,4230,slp_chapter5_5,midterm_2,T5,Fewshot,Ridge regression prefers weight vectors with many small weights according to what distribution?,Gaussian,4230
128,4154,chapter19_5,midterm_2,T5,Fewshot,What is the PAC principle?,probably approximately correct,4154
129,4871,slp_chapter4_6,midterm_2,T5,Best Condition - with Davinci,Naive Bayes can be viewed as a set of class-specific what?,unigram language models,4871
130,4633,chapter22_2,midterm_2,T5,Best Condition - with Davinci,What is equal to the sum of the expected utilities of the successor states?,The total reward,4633
131,179,chapter19_2,midterm_2,GPT3,Best Condition - with Davinci,"What is the true function?
",The true function is the function that actually generated the data.,179
132,4849,chapter19_6,midterm_2,T5,Best Condition - with Davinci,"If y is 1 but hw(x) is 0, then wi is increased when the corresponding input xi is positive and decreased when",hw(x),4849
133,3913,chapter6_2,midterm_1,T5,Fewshot,"What can each arc $(X_k,X_i)$ be?",inserted in,3913
134,221,slp_chapter4_5,midterm_2,GPT3,Best Condition - with Davinci,"What does recall emphasize?
",Recall emphasizes true negatives i.e. not missing what we are supposed to be looking for.,221
135,1392,slp_chapter9_1,midterm_2,GPT3,Zero,"What are the advantages of recurrent neural language models over feed-forward neural language models?
","Recurrent neural language models have several advantages over feed-forward neural language models, including the ability to handle longer histories, generalize over contexts of similar words, and achieve higher predictive accuracy.",1392
136,136,SLP_chapter3_2,midterm_2,GPT3,Best Condition - with Davinci,"What is the purpose of the development set?
",The development set is an initial test set used for tuning parameters.,136
137,5075,chapter_27_1_1,1st midterm,GPT3,From raw text,"What is the embodied cognition approach?
",The embodied cognition approach is an,5075
138,6334,chapter_2_4,1st midterm,T5,From GPT-3 generated summary,What does the program take in percepts from?,sensors,6334
139,6085,chapter_2_2,1st midterm,GPT3,From GPT-3 generated summary,"What is a rational agent? 
",A rational agent is an agent that does the right thing.,6085
