,Unnamed: 0,Chapter,Midterm,Model,Condition,Question,Answer,questionId
0,5807,chapter_3_1,1st midterm,T5,From raw text,What does the agent do before taking any action in the real world?,SEARCH,5807
1,5093,chapter_27_2,1st midterm,GPT3,From raw text,"What is the difference between a simulation of thinking and actual thinking?
","A simulation of thinking is a program that acts like a human, whereas actual thinking is the process of a human using his or her brain.",5093
2,1,chapter16_3,midterm_1,GPT3,Best Condition - with Davinci,"What is a normalized utility function?

",A normalized utility function is a scale of 0 to with 0 being the worst possible thing and 1 being the best possible outcome.,1
3,343,slp_chapter6_11,midterm_2,GPT3,Best Condition - with Davinci,"What does an embedding encode?
",An embedding encodes the implicit associations that are a property of human reasoning.,343
4,2872,chapter7_5,midterm_1,T5,BadSummary,What is the final property of logical system?,Monotonicity,2872
5,1821,slp_chapter7_1,midterm_2,GPT3,Fewshot,"What is the sigmoid function?
",The sigmoid function is a standard non-linearity that maps values from –∞ to +∞ to values between 0 and 1.,1821
6,1649,chapter12_1,midterm_2,GPT3,Fewshot,"What is decision theory?
",Decision theory is the combination of probability theory and utility theory.,1649
7,5998,chapter_3_4_5,1st midterm,T5,From raw text,What is the node to be expanded next?,one with a minimum value of the evaluation function,5998
8,4505,chapter16_3,midterm_1,T5,Best Condition - with Davinci,What do agents have a monotonic preference for?,more money,4505
9,2825,chapter5_3,midterm_1,T5,BadSummary,What purning is used to optimize minimiax search and cut exponenet in half?,alphabeta,2825
10,5066,chapter_27_1,1st midterm,GPT3,From raw text,"What is the difference between weak ai and strong ai?
","Weak ai is the idea that machines can act as if they were intelligent, while strong ai is the assertion that machines that do so are actually consciously thinking (not just simulating thinking).",5066
11,3188,chapter3_1,midterm_1,T5,Zero,What does a good abstraction remove while retaining validity and the ability to carry out the actions?,as much detail as possible,3188
12,1120,chapter7_1,midterm_1,GPT3,Zero,"What is a successful agent?
",A successful agent has both declarative and procedural setup.,1120
13,2050,chapter6_1,midterm_1,T5,GoodSummary,What can CSP be used for?,map-coloring and job-shop scheduling,2050
14,5989,chapter_3_4_4,1st midterm,T5,From raw text,How does breadth-first do this?,by storing all nodes in memory,5989
15,3452,SLP_chapter3_5,midterm_2,T5,Zero,What is lowering some non-zero counts in order to get probability mass that is assigned to zero counts?,Discounting,3452
16,5145,chapter_2_4_6,1st midterm,GPT3,From raw text,"How many components are there in a learning agent?
","There are four components in a learning agent: the learning element, the performance element, the critic, and the problem generator.",5145
17,2498,slp_chapter4_3,midterm_2,T5,GoodSummary,What should you go over before test?,Worked example,2498
18,4961,slp_chapter7_3,midterm_2,T5,Best Condition - with Davinci,What do hidden units take?,a weighted sum of their inputs,4961
19,4092,SLP_chapter3_7,midterm_2,T5,Fewshot,What is it possible to do with web data?,build very large language models,4092
20,6083,chapter_2_2,1st midterm,GPT3,From GPT-3 generated summary,"What does it mean to evaluate an agent’s behavior by its consequences? 
",To evaluate an agent’s behavior by its consequences means to evaluate an agent’s behavior by its consequences.,6083
21,917,slp_chapter4_5,midterm_2,GPT3,BadSummary,"What is precision?
","Precision measures percentage of items that were predicted positive that are
actually positive",917
22,644,slp_chapter5_1,midterm_2,GPT3,GoodSummary,"What are the two main differences between naive bayes and logistic regression?
","The two main differences between naive bayes and logistic regression are that logistic regression is a discriminative classifier, and naive bayes is a generative classifier.",644
23,2926,chapter22_4,midterm_2,T5,BadSummary,What can be a solution for catastrophic forgetting?,Experience replay,2926
24,5561,chapter_2_2_3,1st midterm,T5,From raw text,In what environment does a rational agent learn as much as possible from what it perceives?,unknown environment,5561
25,4165,slp_chapter4_1,midterm_2,T5,Fewshot,What does the hat notation mean?,our estimate of the correct class,4165
26,3582,slp_chapter4_9,midterm_2,T5,Zero,"What is the probability, assuming the null hypothesis H0 is true, of seeing the value of?? (x) that we found?",p-value,3582
27,6141,chapter_3_1_1,1st midterm,GPT3,From GPT-3 generated summary,"What is a search problem?
","A search problem is a set of possible states that the environment can be in, with an initial state that the agent starts in, and a set of goal states.",6141
28,3741,chapter27_1,midterm_1,T5,Fewshot,The Lucas argument states that machines are formal systems that are limited by what?,incompleteness theorem,3741
29,6170,chapter_3_3_4,1st midterm,GPT3,From GPT-3 generated summary,"What are the four ways in which one can measure the performance of an algorithm?
","The four ways in which one can measure the performance of an algorithm are completeness, cost optimality, time complexity, and space complexity.",6170
30,4399,chapter2_4,midterm_1,T5,Best Condition - with Davinci,What does the agent need to be able to see?,a camera,4399
31,896,chapter19_4,midterm_2,GPT3,BadSummary,"What is needed to evaluate candidate models?
",A validation set is needed to evaluate candidate models,896
32,4046,chapter12_5,midterm_2,T5,Fewshot,"What is a way of computing the probability of an event, given the probability of another event that is related to it?",Bayes' rule,4046
33,3289,chapter6_2,midterm_1,T5,Zero,If the domain of X_i is what?,changed,3289
34,3407,chapter12_2,midterm_2,T5,Zero,What is common in probability notation to use for conjunction?,comma,3407
35,2931,chapter12_3,midterm_2,T5,BadSummary,What is a simple method for probabilistic inference?,computation of posterior probabilities for query propositions given observed evidence,2931
36,493,chapter17_1,midterm_2,GPT3,GoodSummary,"What is a solution to a bellman equation?
",A solution to a bellman equation is a policy that is optimal for a given mdp.,493
37,2774,chapter2_4,midterm_1,T5,BadSummary,Knowledge about the percepts the sensor receives and what they mean can be described by what?,sensor model,2774
38,4669,chapter12_2,midterm_2,T5,Best Condition - with Davinci,What is the probability associated with a proposition defined to be?,the sum of the probabilities of the worlds in which it holds,4669
39,6022,chapter_1_1_3,1st midterm,GPT3,From GPT-3 generated summary,"What does this notation allow for?
","This notation allows for programs that, in principle, could solve any problem that could be described using logical notation.",6022
40,848,chapter12_4,midterm_2,GPT3,BadSummary,"What is an independence assertion?
",An independence assertion is a statement asserting the independence of two variables.,848
41,4513,chapter6_1,midterm_1,T5,Best Condition - with Davinci,What does AC-3(csp) return if an inconsistency is found?,false,4513
42,4448,chapter3_5,midterm_1,T5,Best Condition - with Davinci,What is complete and has a time/space complexity of O(E)?,A* search,4448
43,745,chapter3_1,midterm_1,GPT3,BadSummary,"What is an action cost function additive along a path?

",An action cost function is additive along a path if the cost of a sequence of actions is the sum of the costs of the actions in the sequence.,745
44,5888,chapter_3_3_3,1st midterm,T5,From raw text,When is best-first search the preferred choice?,when the table of reached states will fit in memory,5888
45,6373,chapter_2_4_7,1st midterm,T5,From GPT-3 generated summary,"From factored to structured, what is the axis of complexity and expressive power?",atomic,6373
46,2624,slp_chapter7_2,midterm_2,T5,GoodSummary,XOR requires network of units with what?,non-linear activation functions,2624
47,492,chapter17_1,midterm_2,GPT3,GoodSummary,"What is a markov decision process (mdp)?
",A markov decision process (mdp) is a model of a decision problem in which the current state of the environment is completely determined by the previous states and actions.,492
48,1979,chapter3_5,midterm_1,T5,GoodSummary,When is best-first search complete and optimal?,if using admissible heuristic,1979
49,6303,chapter_2_2_2,1st midterm,T5,From GPT-3 generated summary,"What is an agent that, for each possible percept sequence, selects an action that is expected to maximize its performance measure?",rational agent,6303
50,6204,chapter_1_1,1st midterm,T5,From GPT-3 generated summary,What do researchers base AI on?,"human performance, rationality, internal thought processes, or external behavior",6204
51,3497,chapter19_2,midterm_2,T5,Zero,What is the tendency of a predictive hypothesis to deviate from the expected value when averaged over different training sets?,Bias,3497
52,295,slp_chapter7_7,midterm_2,GPT3,Best Condition - with Davinci,"How is the neural language model useful when the task the network is designed for (sentiment classification, or translation, or parsing) places strong constraints on what makes a good representation for words?
","The neural language model is useful when the task the network is designed for (sentiment classification, or translation, or parsing) places strong constraints on what makes a good representation for words.",295
53,2235,chapter22_2,midterm_2,T5,GoodSummary,Direct learning misses opportunity for learning by ignoring what?,connection between states,2235
54,3050,slp_chapter7_3,midterm_2,T5,BadSummary,What is the final output of a feedforward network?,output units,3050
55,1550,chapter6_2,midterm_1,GPT3,Fewshot,"What is the termination of ac-3?
",The termination of ac-3 is when the queue of arcs to consider is empty.,1550
56,2108,chapter7_1,midterm_1,T5,GoodSummary,Which agents use both declarative and procedural approaches?,Successful agents,2108
57,1778,slp_chapter4_9,midterm_2,GPT3,Fewshot,"# a do on test set x compared to
# algorithm b?
calculate p-value(x) # how likely is it that
# we would encounter the value of δ(x)
# that we found assuming the null
# hypothesis h0 is true?
","P-value(x) # if the p-value is less than the
# significance threshold then reject
# h0 and instead support hthat
# a is better.",1778
58,979,slp_chapter9_3,midterm_2,GPT3,BadSummary,"What is used to train a classifier to distinguish those two cases?
",Logistic regression is used to train a classifier to distinguish those two cases.,979
59,4971,slp_chapter7_5,midterm_2,T5,Best Condition - with Davinci,Neural language models are what?,more complex,4971
60,1536,chapter16_2,midterm_1,GPT3,Fewshot,"What is substitutability?
",Substitutability is the constraint on rational preferences that states that if,1536
61,5540,chapter_2_2_2,1st midterm,T5,From raw text,What is rational at any given time?,The agent’s percept sequence,5540
62,6382,chapter_3_1,1st midterm,T5,From GPT-3 generated summary,What type of strategy recommends different future actions depending on what percepts arrive?,branching strategy,6382
63,6118,chapter_2_4_3,1st midterm,GPT3,From GPT-3 generated summary,"What is a transition model?
",A transition model is a model of how the world will change over time.,6118
64,3779,chapter2_4,midterm_1,T5,Fewshot,What does the agent program run on?,agent architecture,3779
65,176,chapter19_2,midterm_2,GPT3,Best Condition - with Davinci,"What is testing?
",Testing is the step in machine learning where a function that approximates the true function is discovered from the training data.,176
66,4161,chapter19_6,midterm_2,T5,Fewshot,What is the output of the perceptron learning rule?,y = hw(x),4161
67,753,chapter3_4,midterm_1,GPT3,BadSummary,"What is ucs?
",Ucs is a search algorithm that uses a priority queue.,753
68,650,slp_chapter5_2,midterm_2,GPT3,GoodSummary,"What is the standard optimization algorithm for iteratively updating weights?
",The standard optimization algorithm for iteratively updating weights is gradient descent.,650
69,5198,chapter_3_3_4,1st midterm,GPT3,From raw text,"
",To,5198
70,5189,chapter_3_3_4,1st midterm,GPT3,From raw text,,To,5189
71,1441,slp_chapter6_12,midterm_2,GPT3,Zero,"What are the two ways to account for the inherent variability of embedding algorithms?
",The two ways to account for the inherent variability of embedding algorithms are to train multiple embeddings and average the results.,1441
72,2321,SLP_chapter3_1,midterm_2,T5,GoodSummary,"In practice, it is more common to use how many grams instead of 2 grams?",3 or 4 grams,2321
73,72,chapter17_1,midterm_2,GPT3,Best Condition - with Davinci,"What is a markovian transition model?
",A markovian transition model is a model in which the probability of reaching s’ from s depends only on s and not on the history of earlier states.,72
74,3319,chapter7_3,midterm_1,T5,Zero,"A entails what if and only if in every model where a is true, b is also true?",b,3319
75,195,chapter19_5,midterm_2,GPT3,Best Condition - with Davinci,"What is percept learning?
",Percept learning is learning from experience.,195
76,5929,chapter_3_4_1,1st midterm,T5,From raw text,What is the evaluation function of BEST-FIRST-SEARCH?,the depth of the node,5929
77,6149,chapter_3_3,1st midterm,GPT3,From GPT-3 generated summary,"What is a search algorithm?
",A search algorithm is an algorithm that is used to find a solution to a problem or to determine that no solution exists.,6149
78,750,chapter3_2,midterm_1,GPT3,BadSummary,"What is a problem?
",A problem is a,750
79,563,SLP_chapter3_4,midterm_2,GPT3,GoodSummary,"What is a corpus?
",A corpus is a collection of written or spoken texts.,563
80,2770,chapter2_4,midterm_1,T5,BadSummary,Simple reflex agents can be described with what?,condition-action rule,2770
81,645,slp_chapter5_1,midterm_2,GPT3,GoodSummary,"What is the advantage of logistic regression over naive bayes?
",The advantage of logistic regression over naive bayes is that logistic regression is better for larger data sets.,645
82,918,slp_chapter4_5,midterm_2,GPT3,BadSummary,"What is recall?
","Recall measures percentage of positive items in the input that were correctly
identified by the system as positive",918
83,3153,chapter2_1,midterm_1,T5,Zero,What happens if the agent picks up dirt?,the agent moves to another square,3153
84,1387,slp_chapter7_7,midterm_2,GPT3,Zero,"What is the set of parameters that need to be optimized when training a neural language model?
","The set of parameters that need to be optimized when training a neural language model is the embedding matrix e, the weight matrix w, the output matrix u, and the bias vector b.",1387
85,5150,chapter_3,1st midterm,GPT3,From raw text,"What is the difference between informed search and uninformed search?
","Informed search is when the agent can estimate how far it is from the goal, and uninformed search is when no such estimate is available.",5150
86,171,chapter19_1,midterm_2,GPT3,Best Condition - with Davinci,"What is transfer learning?
",Transfer learning is when knowledge from one domain is transferred to another.,171
87,1546,chapter6_1,midterm_1,GPT3,Fewshot,"What is the total run time for this algorithm?
",The total run time for this algorithm is o(n^2d).,1546
88,1256,chapter13_2,midterm_2,GPT3,Zero,"If the bayes net contains n variables, xx..., xn, then how many entries are in a generic entry in the joint distribution?
",A generic entry in the joint distribution has n variables.,1256
89,3330,chapter7_5,midterm_1,T5,Zero,What involves applying rules of inference directly to the sentences in our knowledge base in order to construct a proof of the desired sentence without consulting models?,The theorem proving process,3330
90,6451,chapter_3_4_5,1st midterm,T5,From GPT-3 generated summary,Why is bidirectional search done?,speed up the search process,6451
91,5104,chapter_2,1st midterm,GPT3,From raw text,"What is an intelligent agent?
",An intelligent agent is a system that behaves rationally.,5104
92,1036,chapter3_1,midterm_1,GPT3,Zero,"What is a useful abstraction?
",A useful abstraction removes as much detail as possible while retaining validity and the ability to carry out the actions.,1036
93,276,slp_chapter7_1,midterm_2,GPT3,Best Condition - with Davinci,"What are the several activation functions?
",The several activation,276
94,859,SLP_chapter3_5,midterm_2,GPT3,BadSummary,"What is the difference between simple interpolation and conditional interpolation?
","Simple interpolation mixes the probability estimates from all n-gram estimators, whereas conditional interpolation uses lamb",859
95,1430,slp_chapter6_10,midterm_2,GPT3,Zero,"What is a skip-gram model?
",A skip-gram model is a type of statistical model that predicts the likelihood of a word appearing near another word.,1430
96,4778,chapter13_3,midterm_2,T5,Best Condition - with Davinci,What is the idea of clustering algorithms?,join individual nodes of the network to form cluster nodes in such a way that the resulting network is a polytree,4778
97,4658,chapter12_1,midterm_2,T5,Best Condition - with Davinci,What are the three main reasons that logic can fail?,"laziness, theoretical ignorance, and practical ignorance",4658
98,2263,chapter22_4,midterm_2,T5,GoodSummary,What must be used to approximate?,function approximation,2263
99,6086,chapter_2_2_2,1st midterm,GPT3,From GPT-3 generated summary,"What is a rational agent?
","A rational agent is an agent that, for each possible percept sequence, selects an action that is expected to maximize its performance measure, given the evidence provided by the percept sequence and whatever built-in knowledge the agent has.",6086
100,4239,slp_chapter7_1,midterm_2,T5,Fewshot,What is the use of modern neural nets because modern networks are often deep?,Deep learning,4239
101,2948,SLP_chapter3_2,midterm_2,T5,BadSummary,What is the term for the perplexity of a language model on a test set?,*PP*,2948
102,1436,slp_chapter6_12,midterm_2,GPT3,Zero,"What is the extrinsic evaluation metric for vector models?
",The extrinsic evaluation metric for vector models is testing their performance on nlp tasks to see if they improve over other models.,1436
103,1708,chapter13_2,midterm_2,GPT3,Fewshot,"What is a generic entry in the joint distribution of a bayes net?
","A generic entry in the joint distribution of a bayes net is p(x1=x1 ∧...∧xn=xn), or p(x1,...,xn).",1708
104,2780,chapter2_4,midterm_1,T5,BadSummary,What can an agent use to find a sequence of actions to reach a goal?,search and planning strategies,2780
105,6060,chapter_27_2_1,1st midterm,GPT3,From GPT-3 generated summary,"What is the premise of the chinese room argument?
","The premise of the chinese room argument is that there is no understanding of chinese, even though the system taking input in the form of chinese sentences and generating fluent, intelligent chinese responses.",6060
106,108,chapter12_3,midterm_2,GPT3,Best Condition - with Davinci,"What approach involves using the full joint distribution as the knowledge base from which answers to all questions can be derived?
",The approach that involves using the full joint distribution as the knowledge base from which answers to all questions can be derived is called the full inference approach.,108
107,6188,chapter_3_4_3,1st midterm,GPT3,From GPT-3 generated summary,"What are the disadvantages of depth-first search?
",Depth-first search is not cost-optimal and can get stuck in an infinite loop in a cyclic state space.,6188
108,516,chapter12_1,midterm_2,GPT3,GoodSummary,"What is the real world diagnosis problems almost always have uncertainty?
",The real world diagnosis problems almost always have uncertainty.,516
109,5039,chapter_1_1,1st midterm,GPT3,From raw text,"Who are the four groups pursuing ai?
","The four groups pursuing ai are the human-rational, human-empirical, rationalist, and behavioralist groups.",5039
110,6313,chapter_2_2_3,1st midterm,T5,From GPT-3 generated summary,Does our definition of rationality say that it’s now OK to cross the road?,Far from it,6313
111,6389,chapter_3_1_2,1st midterm,T5,From GPT-3 generated summary,What does the author say about a good abstraction?,valid and useful,6389
112,6161,chapter_3_3_2,1st midterm,GPT3,From GPT-3 generated summary,"What is the frontier?
",The frontier is a queue of nodes.,6161
113,5292,chapter_1_1_4,1st midterm,T5,From raw text,What is the rational agent approach?,Acting rationally,5292
114,4278,slp_chapter9_1,midterm_2,T5,Fewshot,What is the main disadvantage of neural language models?,slower,4278
115,4119,chapter19_1,midterm_2,T5,Fewshot,What are the components of an agent?,"utility information, action-value information, a goal that describes the most desirable states, and a problem generator/critic",4119
116,4936,slp_chapter7_1,midterm_2,T5,Best Condition - with Davinci,What does each of the computing units take?,a vector of input values,4936
117,675,slp_chapter7_4,midterm_2,GPT3,GoodSummary,"What is the drawback of pretraining?
",The drawback of pretraining is that it may not work well with smaller datasets.,675
118,5789,chapter_3,1st midterm,T5,From raw text,Which chapter relaxes the constraints on environments?,Chapter 4,5789
119,2942,SLP_chapter3_1,midterm_2,T5,BadSummary,"For bigram, how many n-gram probabilities does $P(w_n|w_?? )=?? frac",n-1,2942
120,106,chapter12_2,midterm_2,GPT3,Best Condition - with Davinci,"What are events?
",Events are sets of,106
121,6427,chapter_3_4_1,1st midterm,T5,From GPT-3 generated summary,"Breadth-first search always finds a solution with a minimal number of actions, because when it is generating nodes at depth it has already","if one of them were a solution, it would have been found",6427
122,360,chapter27_1,midterm_1,GPT3,GoodSummary,"Who thinks that machines are limited by the mathematical objection?
","Jr lucas thinks that machines are limited by the mathematical objection, so they are inferior to human.",360
123,1485,chapter3_2,midterm_1,GPT3,Fewshot,"What is the criterion for a uniform-cost search?

","The criterion for a uniform-cost search is that it is complete and optimal.
",1485
124,5105,chapter_2,1st midterm,GPT3,From raw text,"What is a rational agent?
",A rational agent is an agent that behaves as well as possible.,5105
125,6249,chapter_27_1_4,1st midterm,T5,From GPT-3 generated summary,What percentage of the time is the interrogator fooled?,30%,6249
126,640,slp_chapter4_9,midterm_2,GPT3,GoodSummary,"What is statistical significance used for?
",Statistical significance is used to compare two different models to see which is better.,640
127,1500,chapter3_6,midterm_1,GPT3,Fewshot,"What is a heuristic?
",A heuristic is a strategy used to solve a problem.,1500
128,2181,chapter17_1,midterm_2,T5,GoodSummary,Assume that agent's preferences between state sequences are what?,stationary,2181
129,5705,chapter_2_4_3,1st midterm,T5,From raw text,What is an agent that uses a transition model and a sensor model called?,model-based agent,5705
130,1179,chapter22_1,midterm_2,GPT3,Zero,"What is model-based reinforcement learning?
","In model-based reinforcement learning, the transition model is given and the agent learns the model from observing the effects of its actions.",1179
131,3997,chapter22_1,midterm_2,T5,Fewshot,Where can a little bit of experience be helpful for reinforcement learning?,simulated environments,3997
132,3447,SLP_chapter3_4,midterm_2,T5,Zero,How can the probabilities for an OOV word be estimated?,from its counts,3447
133,966,slp_chapter7_5,midterm_2,GPT3,BadSummary,"What is a neural language model?
",A neural language model is a model that uses neural networks to create a language model.,966
134,6465,chapter_3_4_6,1st midterm,T5,From GPT-3 generated summary,What algorithm is guaranteed to find the shortest path to a goal state?,Uniform-cost search,6465
135,1671,chapter12_6,midterm_2,GPT3,Fewshot,"What is a bayesian classifier?
",A bayesian classifier is a probability distribution that is sometimes called a naive bayes model.,1671
136,5151,chapter_3,1st midterm,GPT3,From raw text,"What is asymptotic complexity?
",Asymptotic complexity is a notation used to express the complexity of an algorithm.,5151
137,1336,slp_chapter5_1,midterm_2,GPT3,Zero,"What is a discriminative model?
",A discriminative model is one that attempts to directly compute the probability of each class (e.g. dog or cat) given a new input observation.,1336
138,1148,chapter7_5,midterm_1,GPT3,Zero,"What is resolution?
","Resolution is a process that gives a resolvent, and conjunctive normal form is a sentence expressed as a conjunction of clauses.",1148
139,1942,chapter2_4,midterm_1,T5,GoodSummary,What is typically not rational in single-agent environments?,randomization,1942
