,Unnamed: 0,Chapter,Midterm,Model,Condition,Question,Answer,questionId
0,566,SLP_chapter3_4,midterm_2,GPT3,GoodSummary,"What is an oov rate?
",An oov rate is the percentage of out-of-vocabulary words that appear in the test set.,566
1,5338,chapter_1_1_5,1st midterm,T5,From raw text,What is an example of an unproblematic AI system?,chess,5338
2,1230,SLP_chapter3_3,midterm_2,GPT3,Zero,"What is sampling from a distribution?
",Sampling from a distribution chooses random points according,1230
3,929,slp_chapter4_7,midterm_2,GPT3,BadSummary,"What is accuracy?
",Accuracy is the percentage of observations labeled correctly.,929
4,145,SLP_chapter3_5,midterm_2,GPT3,Best Condition - with Davinci,"What is add-k smoothing?
","Add-k smoothing is another method of smoothing in which we move a bit less of the probability mass to the unseen events, instead of adding one we add a fractional count k.",145
5,2998,slp_chapter4_1,midterm_2,T5,BadSummary,What is a probabilistic classifier?,Naive Bayes,2998
6,1476,chapter2_4,midterm_1,GPT3,Fewshot,"What is an agent program?
",An agent program is the code that implements an agent function.,1476
7,5178,chapter_3_3_2,1st midterm,GPT3,From raw text,"What is a node in a search tree represented by?
","A node in a search tree is represented by a data structure with four components: state, parent, action, and path-cost",5178
8,6353,chapter_2_4_5,1st midterm,T5,From GPT-3 generated summary,What does a utility-based agent do?,can learn,6353
9,729,slp_chapter6_12,midterm_2,GPT3,GoodSummary,"What is another common metric for intrinsic evaluation? 
",Another common metric for intrinsic evaluation is to test performance on analogy.,729
10,6359,chapter_2_4_6,1st midterm,T5,From GPT-3 generated summary,Who tells the learning element how well the agent is doing with respect to a fixed performance standard?,The critic,6359
11,3601,slp_chapter5_1,midterm_2,T5,Zero,What is the advantage of logistic regression over other methods?,if two features are perfectly correlated,3601
12,548,chapter12_7,midterm_2,GPT3,GoodSummary,"How could we use the theorem about improving your position if your opponent is also trying to improve their position?
",We could use this theorem to improve our position.,548
13,277,slp_chapter7_2,midterm_2,GPT3,Best Condition - with Davinci,"What is a perceptron?
",A perceptron is a simple neural unit that has a binary output and does not have a non-linear activation function.,277
14,4205,slp_chapter5_1,midterm_2,T5,Fewshot,What is a model that tries to learn to distinguish the classes?,discriminative model,4205
15,895,chapter19_4,midterm_2,GPT3,BadSummary,"What is split data into training and test set?
","Split data into training and test set is to take 1/2 of the data and use it as the training set, 1/2 of the data and use it as the test set.",895
16,1802,slp_chapter5_4,midterm_2,GPT3,Fewshot,"What is the learning rate?
","The learning rate  is a hyperparameter that must be adjusted. if it is too high, the steps will be too large and the algorithm will overshoot the minimum of the loss function. if it is too low, the steps will be too small and the algorithm will take too long to get to the minimum. the learning rate is chosen by the algorithm designer to affect how the algorithm works.",1802
17,3890,chapter16_3,midterm_1,T5,Fewshot,Normalized utilities use a scale of what to 1?,0,3890
18,3316,chapter7_2,midterm_1,T5,Zero,What are some of the sensors in the Wumpus world?,"stench, breeze, glitter, bump, and scream",3316
19,2554,slp_chapter5_1,midterm_2,T5,GoodSummary,What helps binary logistic regression make a decision about class of a new input observation?,Sigmoid classifier,2554
20,2805,chapter3_1,midterm_1,T5,BadSummary,What does a good abstraction remove?,as much detail as possible,2805
21,6117,chapter_2_4_3,1st midterm,GPT3,From GPT-3 generated summary,"What is a model-based reflex agent?
",A model-based reflex agent is an agent that uses a transition model and a sensor model to keep track of the state of the world.,6117
22,3857,chapter5_2,midterm_1,T5,Fewshot,The minmax algorithm can be extended to what by making each node a vector of values?,multiplayer games,3857
23,2409,chapter13_3,midterm_2,T5,GoodSummary,What type of nodes share one variable?,meganodes,2409
24,4623,chapter22_1,midterm_2,T5,Best Condition - with Davinci,Reinforcement learning is different from previous learning because it's not given what?,MDP,4623
25,1093,chapter6_1,midterm_1,GPT3,Zero,"What is a csp?
","A csp is a program that takes as input a set of variables and a set of constraints, and outputs a set of values for the variables that satisfy all the constraints.",1093
26,980,slp_chapter9_3,midterm_2,GPT3,BadSummary,"What are the weights used as?
",The weights are used as the embeddings.,980
27,100,chapter12_1,midterm_2,GPT3,Best Condition - with Davinci,"How do problem-solving and logical agents handle uncertainty?
",Problem-solving and logical agents handle uncertainty by keeping track of a belief state and generating a contingency plan handling every possible eventuality they may observe during execution.,100
28,3870,chapter5_5,midterm_1,T5,Fewshot,What do not remain consistent if values are scaled?,Evaluation functions,3870
29,2827,chapter5_3,midterm_1,T5,BadSummary,What is the evaulation function for the min max value?,an herustic,2827
30,4956,slp_chapter7_3,midterm_2,T5,Best Condition - with Davinci,"In modern multilayer networks, the units are not what?",perceptrons,4956
31,6322,chapter_2_2_3,1st midterm,T5,From GPT-3 generated summary,What is a lowly dung beetle?,fragile,6322
32,6041,chapter_27_1_1,1st midterm,GPT3,From GPT-3 generated summary,"How does gofai correspond to the simplest logical agent design?
",Gofai corresponds to the simplest logical agent design.,6041
33,6414,chapter_3_3_4,1st midterm,T5,From GPT-3 generated summary,What is the text discussing?,various ways in which one can measure the performance of an algorithm,6414
34,1819,slp_chapter7_1,midterm_2,GPT3,Fewshot,"What is a unit?
","A unit is the building block of a neural network – a single computational unit that takes a set of real valued numbers as input, performs some computation, and produces an output.",1819
35,5547,chapter_2_2_3,1st midterm,T5,From raw text,Was I rational or irrational to cross the street?,irrational,5547
36,6213,chapter_1_1_2,1st midterm,T5,From GPT-3 generated summary,"Once a sufficiently precise theory of the mind has been developed, what can it be expressed as?",a computer program,6213
37,4982,slp_chapter7_6,midterm_2,T5,Best Condition - with Davinci,What is a technique that is used to determine the gradient of the loss function?,Error backpropagation,4982
38,5309,chapter_1_1_4,1st midterm,T5,From raw text,What were rational agents built on?,logical foundations,5309
39,5160,chapter_3_1_1,1st midterm,GPT3,From raw text,"What is the initial state in a search problem?
",The initial state in a search problem is the state in which the agent starts.,5160
40,5059,chapter_27,1st midterm,GPT3,From raw text,"Of whether or not machines can act intelligently?
","Some philosophers argue that machines can never act intelligently, because they don't have real minds. other philosophers argue that since machines can do everything that people can do, they must have real minds.",5059
41,3067,slp_chapter9_1,midterm_2,T5,BadSummary,What do neural LMs tend to have more of than n-gram LMs?,higher predictive accuracy,3067
42,3334,chapter7_5,midterm_1,T5,Zero,"The set of entailed sentences can only increase as information is added to the knowledge base, and this is known as what?",monotonicity,3334
43,5161,chapter_3_1_1,1st midterm,GPT3,From raw text,"What is the goal state in a search problem?
",The goal state in a search problem is the state that the agent is trying to reach.,5161
44,5020,slp_chapter6_11,midterm_2,T5,Best Condition - with Davinci,What reflect the statistics of their input and amplify bias?,Embeddings,5020
45,2784,chapter2_4,midterm_1,T5,BadSummary,What is in alignment with the utility function?,performance measure,2784
46,5686,chapter_2_4_2,1st midterm,T5,From raw text,What is the agent program written using?,if-then-else statements,5686
47,885,chapter19_3,midterm_2,GPT3,BadSummary,"2.what performs actions until a leaf is reached?
",2.a decision tree performs actions until a leaf is reached.,885
48,782,chapter16_2,midterm_1,GPT3,BadSummary,"Which of $a > b$, $a < b$, $a \geq b$ holds
",$a < b$,782
49,1001,slp_chapter6_11,midterm_2,GPT3,BadSummary,"What is reprerepresentational harm?
",Reprerepresentational harm is a harm caused by a system that demeans or even ignores some social groups.,1001
50,6144,chapter_3_1_1,1st midterm,GPT3,From GPT-3 generated summary,"What is the state space represented as?
",The state space can be represented as a graph in which the vertices are states and the directed edges between them are actions.,6144
51,4894,slp_chapter4_9,midterm_2,T5,Best Condition - with Davinci,What is a result if the?? (x) is true?,statistically significant,4894
52,1351,slp_chapter5_5,midterm_2,GPT3,Zero,"What is regularization?
",Regularization is a method used to avoid overfitting and to penalize large weights.,1351
53,5520,chapter_2_2,1st midterm,T5,From raw text,What does a rational agent do with a vacuum-cleaner?,what you ask for is what you get,5520
54,579,chapter13_3,midterm_2,GPT3,GoodSummary,"Is this approach exact?
","No, but it is close.",579
55,739,chapter2_4,midterm_1,GPT3,BadSummary,"What is an actuator?
",An actuator is a device that takes the action decided by the agent program.,739
56,4469,chapter5_2,midterm_1,T5,Best Condition - with Davinci,What is used to go down to leaf node and compute minmax value?,DFS,4469
57,3941,chapter7_3,midterm_1,T5,Fewshot,What is the set of all models of a?,M(a),3941
58,2501,slp_chapter4_4,midterm_2,T5,GoodSummary,What is clipping the word counts in each document at 1 called?,binary NB,2501
59,1022,chapter2_2,midterm_1,GPT3,Zero,"What is a rational agent?
","A rational agent is one that does the right thing, but what is the right thing?",1022
60,826,chapter17_2,midterm_2,GPT3,BadSummary,"What is policy iteration?
",Policy iteration is an algorithm that computes the optimal policy by updating the current policy's value with the optimal policy computed from the current policy.,826
61,3439,SLP_chapter3_3,midterm_2,T5,Zero,What probability does a language model think sentences have?,high,3439
62,2490,slp_chapter4_1,midterm_2,T5,GoodSummary,What class has the maximum posterior probability given the document?,c_hat,2490
63,5495,chapter_2_1,1st midterm,T5,From raw text,"For most agents, what is tabulating the agent function that describes any given agent?",a very large table,5495
64,1261,chapter13_3,midterm_2,GPT3,Zero,"What is the time complexity of exact inference in a multiply connected bayes net?
","The time complexity of exact inference in a multiply connected bayes net can have exponential time and space complexity in the worst case, even when the number of parents per node is bounded.",1261
65,3529,chapter19_4,midterm_2,T5,Zero,What is left out cross validation?,extreme example,3529
66,1052,chapter3_4,midterm_1,GPT3,Zero,"What is the difference between dfs and early goal testing?
","Dfs uses early goal testing, while bfs and ucs use late goal testing.",1052
67,204,slp_chapter4_1,midterm_2,GPT3,Best Condition - with Davinci,"What is the intuition of bayesian classification?
",The intuition of bayesian classification is to use bayes’ rule to transform into other probabilities that have some useful properties. it gives us a way to break down any conditional probability p(x|y) into three other probabilities: p(x|y) = p(y|x)p(x)/ p(y).,204
68,1296,slp_chapter4_2,midterm_2,GPT3,Zero,"What does the wpm model assume about the probability of a word appearing in a summary?
",The wpm model assumes that the probability of a word appearing in a summary is proportional to the number of times that word appears in the document.,1296
69,320,slp_chapter6_3,midterm_2,GPT3,Best Condition - with Davinci,"What does a term-document matrix represent?
",A term-document matrix represents how often a word occurs in a document.,320
70,735,chapter2_4,midterm_1,GPT3,BadSummary,"What is ai? 
",Ai is a branch of computer science that deals with creating intelligent agents.,735
71,5339,chapter_1_1_5,1st midterm,T5,From raw text,What is one way a machine might attempt to hijack additional computing power for itself?,blackmailing,5339
72,4779,chapter19_1,midterm_2,T5,Best Condition - with Davinci,What does the agent need information about?,the way the world evolves,4779
73,47,chapter7_4,midterm_1,GPT3,Best Condition - with Davinci,"What are the rules expressed in truth tables that specify values of complex sentences?
",The rules expressed in truth tables that specify values of complex sentences are just the inference rules.,47
74,1735,chapter19_4,midterm_2,GPT3,Fewshot,"What is the optimal fit?
",The optimal fit is the hypothesis that minimizes the error rate.,1735
75,5938,chapter_3_4_1,1st midterm,T5,From raw text,What generates nodes?,The root of the search tree,5938
76,2588,slp_chapter5_4,midterm_2,T5,GoodSummary,Put these on handwritten sheet before test!,equations,2588
77,6148,chapter_3_1_2,1st midterm,GPT3,From GPT-3 generated summary,"What is a good abstraction? 
",A good abstraction is one that is both valid and useful.,6148
78,6104,chapter_2_3_2,1st midterm,GPT3,From GPT-3 generated summary,"What is the relationship between observability and agent design and implementation?
","The relationship between observability and agent design and implementation is that in a highly observable environment, the agent design and implementation can be simple and straightforward, while in a low-observability environment, the agent design and implementation can be complex and challenging.",6104
79,24,chapter6_5,midterm_1,GPT3,Best Condition - with Davinci,"What is a topological sort?
",A topological sort is an order in which all of the vertices in a graph can be visited without revisiting any vertices.,24
80,6259,chapter_27_2_1,1st midterm,T5,From GPT-3 generated summary,What does the human follow?,the instructions in the rule book,6259
81,4270,slp_chapter7_7,midterm_2,T5,Fewshot,What do we often want to learn simultaneously with training the network?,embeddings,4270
82,1734,chapter19_4,midterm_2,GPT3,Fewshot,"What is the assumption of independent and identically distributed?
",The assumption of independent and identically distributed is the assumption that each example has the same prior probability distribution and is independent of previous examples.,1734
83,4795,chapter19_2,midterm_2,T5,Best Condition - with Davinci,"If the function predicts the outcomes of the test set, what does it do?",If the function generalizes well,4795
84,3214,chapter3_5,midterm_1,T5,Zero,Satisficing solutions are good enough because they do what?,"they explore fewer nodes, saving time/space",3214
85,1024,chapter2_2,midterm_1,GPT3,Zero,"What does a performance measure depend on?
",A performance measure depends on a metric that evaluates any given sequence of environment states.,1024
86,6089,chapter_2_2_2,1st midterm,GPT3,From GPT-3 generated summary,"What is a built-in knowledge?
",A built-in knowledge is knowledge that is already built into the agent at the start of the planning phase.,6089
87,3892,chapter16_3,midterm_1,T5,Fewshot,What is the sum of the expected utilities of all the possible outcomes of a lottery?,The expected utility of a lottery,3892
88,6102,chapter_2_3,1st midterm,GPT3,From GPT-3 generated summary,That can be asked. ,Finding,6102
89,6048,chapter_27_1_3,1st midterm,GPT3,From GPT-3 generated summary,"What is the first false assumption made in the claim that machines are mentally inferior to humans?
",The first false assumption made in the claim that machines are mentally inferior to humans is that humans can establish the truth of a sentence that machines cannot.,6048
90,236,slp_chapter4_9,midterm_2,GPT3,Best Condition - with Davinci,"What is the p-value?
","The p-value is the probability, assuming the null hypothesis is true, of seeing the δ(x) that we saw or one even greater.",236
91,419,chapter5_5,midterm_1,GPT3,GoodSummary,"What is the evaluation function for a stochastic game?
",The evaluation function for a stochastic game is a transformation of the probability of winning.,419
92,1910,chapter27_2,midterm_1,T5,GoodSummary,"What is the awareness of outself word, self, and living?",consciousness/qualia,1910
93,2993,chapter19_6,midterm_2,T5,BadSummary,What is the output of the perceptron learning rule?,y = hw(x),2993
94,575,chapter13_1,midterm_2,GPT3,GoodSummary,"What are the three components of a bayesian network?
","The three components of a bayesian network are each node is a discrete or continuous random variable, directed edges between nodes, and each node has associated probability information that quantifies the effect of parents.",575
95,6157,chapter_3_3_1,1st midterm,GPT3,From GPT-3 generated summary,"What is the first step of best-first search?
",The first step of best-first search is to choose a node on the frontier with the minimum value and expand it.,6157
96,6449,chapter_3_4_4,1st midterm,T5,From GPT-3 generated summary,What type of search starts with a depth limit of 0 and gradually increases the limit until a solution is found?,iterative deepening search,6449
97,423,chapter16_1,midterm_1,GPT3,GoodSummary,"What is an ordinal (ranking) function or value function?
","In a deterministic environment, a value function is needed only.",423
98,6439,chapter_3_4_2,1st midterm,T5,From GPT-3 generated summary,What is used to find the shortest path between two nodes?,Dijkstra's algorithm,6439
99,5090,chapter_27_1_4,1st midterm,GPT3,From raw text,"Who is responsible for the current state of the turing test?
",The current state of the turing test is the result of the lack of a well-trained judge.,5090
100,1861,slp_chapter6_3,midterm_2,GPT3,Fewshot,"What is the relationship between the rows and the columns of a term-document matrix?
","The rows of a term-document matrix represent words, and the columns represent documents.",1861
101,3221,chapter3_5,midterm_1,T5,Zero,Which algorithms use too little memory?,IDA and RBFS,3221
102,3863,chapter5_3,midterm_1,T5,Fewshot,The effectiveness of alpha-beta pruning depends on what?,order in which states are examined,3863
103,1472,chapter2_3,midterm_1,GPT3,Fewshot,"What is a partially observable environment?
",A partially observable environment is one in which the agent has access to only part of the information in the environment.,1472
104,2193,chapter17_2,midterm_2,T5,GoodSummary,What is value iteration?,propagating information through the state space by local updates,2193
105,6428,chapter_3_4_1,1st midterm,T5,From GPT-3 generated summary,Breadth-first search is only what for problems where all actions have the same cost?,cost-optimal,6428
106,4540,chapter6_5,midterm_1,T5,Best Condition - with Davinci,What cannot appear in two nodes of the tree if they are not connected by a constraint in the problem?,The same variable,4540
107,206,slp_chapter4_2,midterm_2,GPT3,Best Condition - with Davinci,"What is the probability of an outcome calculated in a parametric model?
",The probability of an outcome is calculated by dividing the count of the outcome by the total count plus the size of the set.,206
108,2984,chapter13_2,midterm_2,T5,BadSummary,What is an example of a general proprety of __locally structured (sparse)__ systems?,Compactness of Bayesian networks,2984
109,443,chapter6_2,midterm_1,GPT3,GoodSummary,"What is constraint-based reasoning?
",Constraint-based reasoning is a type of reasoning that uses constraints.,443
110,5187,chapter_3_3_3,1st midterm,GPT3,From raw text,"3.3.what is a tree-like search?
",3.3.a tree-like search is a search algorithm that does not check for redundant paths.,5187
111,5342,chapter_1_1_5,1st midterm,T5,From raw text,Is the standard model adequate or inadequate?,inadequate,5342
112,2867,chapter7_5,midterm_1,T5,BadSummary,What consists of all the inference rules applied to all the sentences that match the top half of the inference rule?,ACTIONS,2867
113,1685,SLP_chapter3_3,midterm_2,GPT3,Fewshot,"What is sampling from a language model?
","Sampling from a language model generates sentences, choosing each sentence according to likelihood as defined by the model. this is likely to generate sentences the model thinks has high probability over ones with low probability.",1685
114,609,slp_chapter4_1,midterm_2,GPT3,GoodSummary,"What is a probabilistic classifier?
",A probabilistic classifier is a classifier that additionally will tell us the probability of the observation being in the class.,609
115,3182,chapter3_1,midterm_1,T5,Zero,"In a partially observable or nondeterministic environment, a solution might need what?",branches,3182
116,1,chapter16_3,midterm_1,GPT3,Best Condition - with Davinci,"What is a normalized utility function?

",A normalized utility function is a scale of 0 to with 0 being the worst possible thing and 1 being the best possible outcome.,1
117,1165,chapter17_1,midterm_2,GPT3,Zero,"What are sequential decision problems?
",Sequential decision problems are decision problems in which the agent's utility depends on a sequence of decisions.,1165
118,2836,chapter16_2,midterm_1,T5,BadSummary,What must not be unique if an agent's preferences obeys laws above?,Utility function,2836
119,1211,chapter12_5,midterm_2,GPT3,Zero,"What is the formula for calculating the probability of a hypothesis, given evidence?
","The formula for calculating the probability of a hypothesis, given evidence, is p(hypothesis|evidence) = p(evidence|hypothesis)p(hypothesis) / p(evidence).

question",1211
120,5041,chapter_1_1,1st midterm,GPT3,From raw text,"What is the human-empirical approach to ai?
",The human-empirical approach to ai is an approach that involves a combination of observations and hypotheses about actual human behavior and thought processes.,5041
121,4051,chapter12_6,midterm_2,T5,Fewshot,What is a common pattern in which a single cause directly influences a number of effects called?,naive Bayes model,4051
122,2349,chapter13_1,midterm_2,T5,GoodSummary,What can Bayesian networks represent?,*any* full joint probability distribution,2349
123,2245,chapter22_2,midterm_2,T5,GoodSummary,What is TD basically?,first approximation of ADP,2245
124,1709,chapter13_2,midterm_2,GPT3,Fewshot,"What is the rule that defines how entries in the joint distribution are defined?
","The rule that defines how entries in the joint distribution are defined is p(x1,...,xn) = ∏^n_(i=1)θ(x_i | parents(x_i)).",1709
125,5230,chapter_3_4_6,1st midterm,GPT3,From raw text,"What is the difference between depth-first search and breadth-first search?
",Depth-first search explores the current node before exploring any other nodes. breadth-first search explores all of the children before exploring any other nodes.,5230
126,4365,chapter2_1,midterm_1,T5,Best Condition - with Davinci,How many kinds of percepts does a vacuum cleaner agent have?,three,4365
127,5078,chapter_27_1_2,1st midterm,GPT3,From raw text,"Are programs currently capable of doing all of these things?
","Programs are currently capable of doing some of these things, but not all of them.",5078
128,3889,chapter16_3,midterm_1,T5,Fewshot,How does a human decide what the utility function of an artificial agent should be?,presenting the agent with a series of choices and observing the decisions that are made,3889
129,532,chapter12_4,midterm_2,GPT3,GoodSummary,"What is a large distribution table?
",A large distribution table is a distribution table with many rows and many columns.,532
130,2080,chapter6_4,midterm_1,T5,GoodSummary,What might find a solution that has many more changes?,Backtracking,2080
131,3401,chapter12_2,midterm_2,T5,Zero,What are sets of possible worlds for specific event?,Events,3401
132,1525,chapter5_5,midterm_1,GPT3,Fewshot,"What is the run time of expectimax?
",The run time of expectimax is o(b^m * n^m) where n are the number of possible outcomes in the probability distribution.,1525
133,5181,chapter_3_3_2,1st midterm,GPT3,From raw text,"What is the action that was applied to the parent’s state to generate this node?
",The action that was applied to the parent’s state to generate this node is the action that was applied to the parent’s state to generate this node.,5181
134,6425,chapter_3_4_1,1st midterm,T5,From GPT-3 generated summary,What can be performed to check whether a node is a solution as soon as it is generated?,early goal test,6425
135,2865,chapter7_5,midterm_1,T5,BadSummary,What can be used as inference rules?,Any logical equivalences can be used as inference rules,2865
136,6016,chapter_1_1_2,1st midterm,GPT3,From GPT-3 generated summary,"What is the cognitive modeling approach to making a program think like a human?
","The cognitive modeling approach to making a program think like a human involves learning about human thought through introspection, psychological experiments, and brain imaging.",6016
137,3224,chapter3_6,midterm_1,T5,Zero,What is one heuristic that can be used to solve a problem?,Euclidean,3224
138,5465,chapter_27_2_2,1st midterm,T5,From raw text,"Who concedes that the question of consciousness is a difficult one, but denies that it has much relevance to the practice of AI?",Alan Turing,5465
139,799,chapter6_5,midterm_1,GPT3,BadSummary,"What is cutset conditioning?
",Cutset conditioning is the process of removing and assigning s (a cycle cutset) such that the,799
