the act of doing or saying sth deliberately in order to make sb angry or upset ; something that is done or said to cause this
to try to find out information about other people 's private lives in a way that is annoying or rude
to mention a person , a theory , an example , etc. to support your opinions or ideas , or as a reason for sth
different from what most people consider to be normal and acceptable
to do sth in the same way as sb else , especially when it is not done very well
used to show that you accept that sth is true , often before you make another statement about it
the number of things or people that a container or space can hold
too much emphasis or importance
a part of the whole number or amount being considered
the third letter of the English alphabet
( in Britain ) connected with letters , packages , etc. that are delivered most quickly , or that cost more to send
to change sth in order to trick sb
when a shop / store , restaurant , etc. shuts or when sb shuts it , it stops being open for business and you cannot go into it
forming a curved shape
to push or rub against your body in a painful or uncomfortable way
a bird
living ; having life
to use a particular hand to begin an attack
skill in making people believe what you want them to believe
the act or process of mixing people who have previously been separated , usually because of colour , race , religion , etc .
to remove fat , cream , etc. from the surface of a liquid
having a particular interest in one thing more than others
showing or feeling scorn
unkind and unfair in the way that you judge people
a picture , map , piece of film , etc. used to make an article or a talk easier to understand or more interesting
an organization or a system that seems to work like a complicated machine that is difficult to understand
attractive and showing a good sense of style
for the first time
a very small quantity of sth
( in the US , Canada and Australia ) an elected member of a town or city council
a quietly spoken word or words
the degree to which sth is made to look larger ; the degree to which sth is able to make things look larger
at a sharp angle to the left / right
the abbreviation for ‘ Master of Science ’ ( a second university degree in science )
a public holiday in the US ( on the fourth Thursday in November ) and in Canada ( on the second Monday in October ) , originally to give thanks to God for the harvest and for health
food
the abbreviation for ‘ satellite navigation ’ ( a computer system that uses information obtained from satellites to guide the driver of a vehicle )
above your head ; raised above the ground
a boat or ship that carries people , vehicles and goods across a river or across a narrow part of the sea
the problems affecting a particular situation or group of people that are difficult to explain or identify
what an idea , etc. means
to lift or move sth to a higher level
the particular colours that are used on clothes , flags , etc. to represent a team , school , political party or country
your home
having the colour of blue and red mixed together
a film / movie , book or play that is based on a particular piece of work but that has been changed for a new situation
to make an effort to be aware of what is happening , so that you will notice if anything bad or unusual happens
without money , a home or a job , and living on the streets
a human as an individual
to make an attitude or idea stronger or more powerful ; to become stronger
right or sensible ; likely to be successful
causing problems or difficulties ; not as it should be
a sudden pain in the side of your body , usually caused by running or laughing
now ; at this point
the process of recognizing that sth exists , or is important
to become stuck in or on sth ; to make sth become stuck
to be felt strongly by sb
to begin to exist or develop
to fail to do sth
sensible ; that you can rely on and that will probably give good results
connected with vehicles that have engines
to receive sth as suitable or good enough
very strong or certain ; that cannot be broken or fail
extreme or serious
to keep changing television channels quickly to see what programmes are on
to look , smile , etc. in a particular direction
not legally or officially acceptable
the door at the back or side of a building
to keep sth for sb / sth , so that it cannot be used by any other person or for any other reason
the process in which sth gradually disappears
not cheaper or better than others and therefore not able to compete equally
the sound of sb hitting sth with a hammer or with their fists
a program you can use to move immediately to the next stage of a computer game without needing to play the game
to have a particular situation affect you or happen to you
the highest standard that a particular person has reached , especially in a sport
to play a guitar or similar instrument by moving your fingers up and down across the strings
a kitchen utensil ( = tool ) used for putting food onto sb 's plate
connected with or produced by hypnosis
an idea or explanation of sth that is based on a few known facts but that has not yet been proved to be true or correct
depending on how well a person does their job
causing or feeling worry and anxiety
to take illegal or stolen goods away from sb
happening soon ; next
having the thing mentioned as the most important feature or centre of attention
used to show that a negative statement is true of two things
the act of moving away from what is normal or acceptable ; a difference from what is expected or acceptable
to point away from the centre
a person 's experiences during their life ; the activities that form a particular part of a person 's life
several different
used when you are talking about a situation
used in a practical way ; not theoretical
to arrange or decide on a time or place for doing sth
to add sth to a piece of writing
a large empty space
the act of looking at sth in a calm and careful way
a tube in the body or in plants through which liquid passes
to make , change or prepare sth so that it is suit able for a particular purpose
to hold sth tightly in your hand
coming from or connected with God or a god
a list of words on a particular subject or in a language in alphabetical order
to make sth the same or better than sth else
to use sth to try to make a profit , especially in a way that other people do not approve of
connected with , written for or sung by a choir ( = a group of singers )
the place where sth important comes from
to force sb to leave a country
not typical of sb ; not the way sb usually behaves
to a great degree ; very ; really
an unusual , exciting or dangerous experience , journey or series of events
a boring or stupid person with a weak personality
a soft yellow food made from cream , used in cooking and for spreading on bread
a group of people who share the same ideas or aims
necessary for a particular purpose
only interested in your own country , ideas , etc. and not in those from outside
a large official meeting , usually lasting for a few days , at which people with the same work or interests come together to discuss their views
to get worse in quality
nonsense ; lies
feeling or showing that you have little hope and are ready to do anything without worrying about danger to yourself or others
the value that a share in a company had originally
used meaning ‘ only ’ or ‘ simply ’ to emphasize a fact or sth that you are saying
to cover sth completely in paper or other material , for example when you are giving it as a present
having control over a particular group , country , etc .
a particular time or stage of development
for a long time ; since you can remember
to take a weapon or weapons away from sb
a company that produces electricity to sell to the public
a work of art that is a solid figure or object made by carving or shaping wood , stone , clay , metal , etc .
the activity of running a ranch
to make a long deep sound , usually expressing unhappiness , suffering or sexual pleasure
at first
to try to be more successful or better than sb else who is trying to do the same as you
a place beside a motorway where you can stop for petrol , a meal , the toilets , etc .
to move so that you are standing or sitting with your back facing sb / sth
happening by chance ; not planned
an order to come and see sb
serious and important
formal permission given by a company to sb who wants to sell its goods or services in a particular area ; formal permission given by a government to sb who wants to operate a public service as a business
the place where sth , especially a piece of clothing , fastens ; the way sth fastens
something that provides protection against attack , danger , etc .
to show or describe sth / sb in a particular way
completely unable to do sth
a question , especially one asking for information or expressing a doubt about sth
to a smaller degree ; not so much
showing a time earlier than the correct time
using simple words to say sth in a direct and honest way
to make a loud unpleasant noise , especially music
only just ; almost not
the quality of being resonant
very similar or taking place at the same time
in a way that seems normal and reasonable in a particular situation
a person who sails a yacht for pleasure or as a sport
smelling or tasting like a fish
limited , or managed by law or by rules
not suitable or good enough for sb / sth
if a competition , building , etc. is open to particular people , those people can enter it
kind , helpful and showing that you care about other people
offensive or rude , especially about sex
used in compounds to describe sth that has recently happened
to push a pointed object into sb / sth , or in the direction of sb / sth , with a sudden strong movement
used to show sb 's job or profession
a radio or television company and the programmes it broadcasts
to defend sth against attack ; to have control of sth
to surround or cover sth completely , especially to protect it
one of the letters used by the ancient Romans to represent numbers and still used today , in some situations . In this system I = 1 , V = 5 , X = 10 , L = 50 , C = 100 , D = 500 , M = 1 000 and these letters are used in combinations to form other numbers .
to draw a line or shape according to the rules of mathematics
too thin , especially because of illness
the government of a country , thought of as being represented by a king or queen
to send more people or equipment in order to make an army , etc. stronger
that has become smaller ( and less attractive )
very great or the greatest in degree
to make people leave a place
not considered important
to pay attention to sb / sth
written information such as answers to questions , often used dishonestly by students in tests
a date that is an exact number of years after the date of an important or special event
based on the principle that all members have an equal right to be involved in running an organization , etc .
a disease that makes the muscles and joints painful , stiff and swollen
the fact of achieving sth that was difficult to do
in good order or neat and clean
the use of a noun phrase immediately after another noun phrase that refers to the same person or thing
the amount of confidence and enthusiasm , etc. that a person or a group has at a particular time
in earlier times
more serious or severe
to express or explain your thoughts or feelings clearly in words
to mention sb officially or publicly because they deserve special praise
in which people compete with each other in aggressive and unfair ways
a series of marks at regular intervals on an instrument that is used for measuring
an area of land or water
a place where you can watch films / movies , eat , etc. without leaving your car
to make people or things join together to form a unit ; to join together
used to address a man in an unfriendly way
a performer who takes his or her clothes off in a sexually exciting way in front of an audience
a group of people who are connected because they have the same interests , jobs , etc .
a piece of equipment , usually made of metal or wooden bars , that is used for holding things or for hanging things on
a set of notes in music which form a scale
in or into a position near the bottom of sth
used to emphasize that you do not know sth
to dress or behave in a way that is intended to impress other people
to make the air in a place smell pleasant
the situation that exists as a result of an important ( and usually unpleasant ) event , especially a war , an accident , etc .
strong , hard and unfriendly
the programmes br oadcast on television
to walk or go somewhere
protected with a material that prevents heat , sound , electricity , etc. from passing through
that produces a lot of new ideas
simple and basic ; not complicated
only just good enough
a very short time ; a second
connected with a person 's face ; on a person 's face
an important moral , social or political idea that a book , speech , etc. is trying to communicate
an area of land that is used for a particular purpose , activity or sport
that you have not expected or predicted ; that you have not anticipated
a person who rules a country because the king or queen is too young , old , ill / sick , etc .
used when you are refusing permission or saying that sth is not true
used to emphasize that what you are saying is tr ue , however surprising it may seem
lasting for a very short time
to cause sb to have strong feelings , especially of sympathy or sadness
a simple problem that involves calculating numbers
a completely round flat shape
to touch or treat sb / sth in a rough and careless way
to pay sb money because they have suffered some damage , loss , injury , etc .
to make sb lose their human qualities such as kindness , pity , etc .
to try to make sb do sth , especially when they are unwilling
to have sth a s an aim
the process of moving sth from one place , person or use to another
an act of counting to find the total number of sth ; the total number that you find
the use of power to make sth happen
to cover the top or end of sth with sth
the time when parties are held for students who want to join a fraternity or sorority
tending to form a clique ; controlled by cliques
when a liquid , gas , or air circulates or is circulated , it moves continuously around a place or system
a title used to refer to Mary , the mother of Christ , especially in the Roman Catholic Church
a short thick heavy stick , for example a piece of metal or solid rubber , that is used as a weapon
to move to or towards a person or place
to be filled with a strong emotion
a person who regularly goes to the place or event mentioned
used to show the logical result of a particular statement or situation
to take and use sth that belongs to sb else , and return it to them at a later time
a person whose job is to do small boring tasks for other people in a company
showing or caused by very strong emotion
to pay an amount of money regularly in order to receive or use sth
to shine brightly with little flashes of light , like a diamond
not useful ; not doing or achieving what is needed or wanted
a combination of different people or things
rude or unfriendly behaviour that shows that a person is not interested in sb
a good reason why sth exists or is done
a little ; slightly
a sudden temporary increase in the amount of sth
money or property that is given to you by sb when they die
to attach a boat to a fixed object with a rope
showing the courage and determination to continue doing sth difficult or unpleasant
to use your position of authority to tell sb to do sth or say that sth must happen
pretending to be religious , moral or good in order to impress other people
to complain in an annoying , crying voice
the ground at the bottom of the sea , a forest , etc .
an official statement by the government of a country 's income from taxes , etc. and how it will be spent
used especially in poetry and names to mean ‘ island ’
a small device containing an electronic circuit that is part of a computer or added to it , enabling it to perform particular functions
a suitable or safe area for sb to be
a set of beliefs , ideas or rules that is used as the basis for making judgements , decisions , etc .
to make sth / sb change slightly so that one particular opinion , person , etc. is preferred or more likely to succeed than another ; to change in this way
a person who advises you on how to live and behave
having a rank that is below that of an officer
to try to get sb 's friendship or support
to become clear and fixed ; to make thoughts , beliefs , etc. clear and fixed
a continuous feeling of pain in a part of the body
the quality of being tall or high
in a beautiful way
to become , or make sth become , a normal temperature after being very cold
a place where people can relax and improve the ir health , with , for example , a swimming pool
to use your authority to reject sb 's decision , order , etc .
used with an adjective or adverb to mean ‘ to whatever degree ’
connected with the main tune in a piece of music
former ; that until recently was the type of person or thing described but is not any more
the worst and most useless parts of sth
to make yourself / sb work , especially very hard
not making a profit
showing a lack of thought or good judgement
to change in the way it develops
from a particular number or set
to land and stay on a branch , etc .
if people are crammed into a place , there is not much room for them in it
to charge sb more money than they expected ; to charge sb who did not expect to pay
the place where sb lives and / or works , especially when they think of it as their own
5th
to become more exciting or to show an increase in activity
used by some people as a form of address to a woman whose name they do not know
a set of physical conditions that show you have a particular disease or medical problem
a mixture of gases that surrounds another planet or a star
a fact that is believed by most people to be true
not in a room , building or container but on or to the outside of it
to make sb feel very pleased , interested or enthusiastic , especially about sth that is going to happen
to make a piece of wood smoother or flatter with a planen . ( 4 )
the time when one sign of the zodiac ends and the next begins
to fall or make sth fall deliberately
not belonging to any of the countries that are involved in a war ; not supporting any of the countries involved in a war
what is left after sth has been destroyed by burning
a large amount of activity and discussion on television , in newspapers , etc. to celebrate sb / sth
an offensive way of referring to sb that you think is very stupid
that has happened or been done for so long that it is considered normal
arranged for a special purpose and happening in addition to what norma lly or regularly happens
to persuade sb / sth to go somewhere or to do sth , usually by offering them sth
unusual ; strange
the state of being ready or willing to do sth
served on spinach
to become wider ; to make sth wider
a sign that a quality or feeling exists
the work of writing , producing and acting in plays
loose and without much shape
the probable future for sb / sth ; what is likely to happen
going from one thing to another in a single series of stages
to give advice , a punishment , etc .
a group of buildings with streets on all sides
the state of not being a prisoner or slave
the amount of money that you pay to go into a building or to an event
in a kind , friendly or polite way
a unit of measurement that is officially used ; an official rule used when producing sth
having a particular type of rim
used to emphasize an amount or a quantity
not having enough of sth , especially time or money
the state of being with other people
showing that sb is feeling annoyed or upset
careful in choosing ; difficult to please
a type of jam that does not contain any pieces of fruit
mount
a person or thing that is well known and respected in a particular field
an official design or mark , stamped on a document to show that it is genuine and carries the authority of a particular person or organization
to give a loud , high cry , because you are hurt , frightened , excited , etc .
to draw a line or lines on a surface
Celsius Centigrade
an admiral of the highest rank in the navy
to produce or provide sth , for example a profit , result or crop
a dangerous game in which a person shoots at their own head with a gun that contains a bullet in only one of its chambers , so that the person does not know if the gun will fire or not
to stay in the same place ; to not leave
( in N America ) a fenced area for horses , cows , etc. on a farm or ranch
an act or a way of punishing sb
something that shows that a particular quality is present
a system that is organized by the local government to help people who have financial or family problems ; the department or the people who provide this help
organized in a clever way
helping to cause sth
a situation in which a lot of changes are made to a company , an organization , etc. in order to improve the way in which it works
in or to a lower position than sb / sth ; under sb / sth
the fact of not stopping or not changing
to be capable of cutting
to surround or limit sb / sth
guests in your house
to cause a device to start functioning
two or more lines that are parallel to each other are the same distance apart at every point
the act of becoming a ruler of a country
a short time ago
a small piece or amount
to shout , complain , etc. very loudly and angrily
your ability to think and reason ; your intelligence ; the particular way that sb thinks
an argument or a fight
to hang or bend down in the middle , especially because of weight or pressure
remaining at the end of a process
to treat sb in a cruel or unkind way
showing that sb is well trained and extremely skilled
to be successful at sth without having to try hard
if a person 's eyes glaze or glaze over , the person begins to look bored or tired
to succeed in doing sth very difficult
used to show that you are giving your own opinion about sth
smoke , gas , or sth similar that smells strongly or is dangerous to breathe in
a strong feeling of love , that usually does not last very long , that a young person h as for sb older
a condition in which there are raised spots on your skin because you feel cold , frightened or excited
not working
to avoid sth
a drink made by mixing chocolate powder with hot water or milk ; a cup of this drink
the act of beginning sth again after it has stopped
to try and find sth that you cannot see , by feeling with your hands
an increase in the money you are paid for the work you do
a doctor who is trained to perform surgery ( = medical operations that involve cutting open a person 's body )
to kick a ball using the heel
to go or move gently up and down like waves
any living creature , including humans
to join a team during a game
almost total darkness
to become unhappy or angry ; to make sb unhappy or angry
the activity of buying and selling or of exchanging goods or services between people or countries
to stop working because of a fault
in which nothing interesting , unusual or exciting happens
done , or doing sth , too quickly and carelessly
having or showing a strong desire for sth
a smooth substance that you rub on the skin to heal a wound or sore place
covered with light
having become rich and successful through your own hard work rather than having had money given to you
to act as sb 's lawyer in court
the fact of getting sexual pleasure from a particular object
strange or extremely unusual
a thing that forms a curved or round shape
feeling that you have had enough of sb / sth because you no longer find them / it interesting or because they make you angry or unhappy
if the value , amount or level of sth soars , it rises very quickly
to improve the quality of sth , often by adding sth to it
earning money by selling your work or services to several different organizations rather than being employed by one particular organization
very interested in sth / sb and wanting to know more about it / them
to save sb from the power of evil
to look at or see sb / sth
difficult to understand or explain ; strange
having had a high standard of education ; showing a high standard of education
made with elastic
a disease that spreads over a whole country or the whole world
not having any definite shape
very large
a situation in which two or more countries or groups of people fight against each other over a period of time
strong ; able to survive being used a lot and not likely to break
showing the effects of worry or pressure
soldiers , especially in large groups
at any time that ; on any occasion that
to need sth in order to be done successfully
not true ; not based on facts
not showing interest or effort
to recognize the good qualities of sb / sth
to stay where you are or delay doing sth until sb / sth comes or sth happens
the main point of an argument , a policy , etc .
to prepare or arrange sth so that it is ready for use or in position
to make sth longer , wider or looser , for example by pulling it ; to become longer , etc. in this way
to talk about other people 's private lives , often in an unkind way
12 o 'clock in the middle of the day
the way that two things match each other or are sui table for each other
to listen to and give support or professional advice to sb who needs help
the light from the sun
the activity of catching shrimps
to have or keep an image in your memory of an event , a person , a place , etc. from the past
stretched tightly
public praise and reward for sb 's work or actions
allowing people or goods freedom to come into a country ; allowing people to go to a place or get information without restrictions
a clever and complicated display of skill , for example by a musician , writer or speaker
a person whose job is to sweep sth
to or in a higher position somewhere
an amount of sth that is collected ; a place where sth is stored ready for use
having the type or number of engines mentioned
to speak in a low and gentle voice , for example to show you are happy or satisfied , or because you want to attract sb or get them to do sth
a feeling of happiness , usually because sth good has happened to you , or sth bad has happened to sb else
to use things in different ways to produce an interesting or humorous effect , or to see what effect they have
connected with an island or islands
if money is put in a kitty , a group of people all give an amount and the money is spent on sth they all agree on
an injury to part of th e body , especially one in which a hole is made in the skin using a weapon
the act or process of making sth open or of becoming open
not made shorter ; of the usual length
to pretend to have a particular feeling , illness , etc .
that can be punished by law
not attractive or pleasant to look at
to put sb / sth in a particular position
to stand up after sitting , lying , etc .
to share food , accommodation , etc. with other people
a person who writes official or legal documents
a person who is in a place that they have not been in before
an unusual act or habit
a piece of furniture that consists of a flat top supported by legs
a fact that makes it right or fair to do sth
near this place
put together in a hurry using whatever people or materials are available
something , for example medicine , that sb tries to sell you , but that is not effective or useful
a period of 12 months , measured from any particular time
a way of expressing ideas and feelings using movements , symbols and sound
something that forms a barrier or stops you from making progress
used to say hello
since ; to the extent that
to complain about sb / sth in a bad-tempered way
the opinions that people in society have about an issue
used to represent an idea of perfect home life and comfort
the thing or things sb intends to do if their first plan is not successful
of high quality ; good
something that delays the progress of sth else or stops it from getting worse
to feel guilty about sth that you think you should have done in a different way
a person 's appearance , especially when the person is attractive
used to emphasize a superlative adjective or before own
not very cold , and therefore pleasant
to read and correct a piece of written or printed work
to criticize sb / sth , especially when it happens unfairly
to talk to sb and ask them questions at a formal meeting to find out if they are suitable for a job , course of study , etc .
used to show that you disapprove of sth and are irritated by it
to come together and fight or compete in a contest
a large area inside the entrance of a public building where people can meet and wait
opposite in amount or position to sth else
to disappear ; to make sth disappear
a room containing a toilet
a sign that sth exi sts , especially sth bad
the official representative of the Pope in a foreign country
a long narrow strip of land that follows the course of an important road or river
any person at all ; it does not matter who
to cut sth with scissors using short quick strokes
the way in which sth falls or happens
something that people say when they have just done sth so quickly and easily that it seems to have been done by magic
to speak , pronounce or play sth in a clear way
used to correct or slightly change what you have said
an angel of the highest rank
to protect sth by putting restrictions on it so that it can only be used by particular people or for a particular purpose
done in a planned and determined way , especially by more than one person , government , country , etc .
to become louder
to make sth smaller or less by a particular amount
not worried or anxious about sth because you feel it does not affect you or is not important
to want sth or want to do sth
not sensible ; stupid
an idea , a belief or an understanding of sth
to change sth by organizing or presenting it in a different way
a person from the city of Birmingham in England
willing to do things which are difficult , dangerous or painful ; not afraid
more developed than sb / sth else
the limit to which sb / sth has the power or influence to do sth
to be pleased that sb has come or has joined an organization , activity , etc .
without a sharp edge or point
to put sth into sth
the killing of a large number of people especially in a cruel way
completely ; as much as it takes to achieve what you want
the most important features of sth
to discuss sth , especially formally , before making a decision or finding a solution
objects made of jade
a period of time when sth stops , or between two events
a continuous sound like the one that a bee , a buzzer or other electronic device makes
used for stating what is true or possible in a particular case
thick and almost solid ; difficult to stir
an unpleasant person
no t showing emotion
seeming to continue or become worse in a way that cannot be stopped
suggesting that a woman or girl is demure
all the words that a person knows or uses
used when considering one fact in relation to another
a small increase in the level or value of sth
to keep sth to use , or deal with later
extremely large in size or amount ; great in degree
the study of religion and beliefs
to officially decide and / or arrange sth
a process in which sb / sth changes completely into sth different
to make it seem likely that sth is true or exists
a round fruit with yellow or orange skin and a large seed inside
the memory of sth , especially sth bad
a shape that becomes gradually wider
hot and lacking fresh air , in a way that is unpleasant
in a way that shows that you are sure and determined about sth
when blood or cream clots or when sth clots it , it forms thick lumps or clots
a violent disagreement between two groups of people about who should control a particular area , activity or business
using a special fast service
the basis on which sth is established or organized
involved in sth ; taking part in sth
including new and interesting things , methods and ideas
considered to be shocking and unacceptable because it is morally wrong or unfair
the act of people coming together after they have been apart for some time
a situation in which sb treats sb else in an unfair way , especially in order to make money from their work
to return sth to its owner
a person who reads a particular newspaper , magazine , etc .
a pipe , device , etc. which supplies a machine with sth
a person who studies or writes about philosophy
connected with , suggesting or following a plan
a system of printing books only when a customer wants one
the fact of sb only considering their own interests and of not caring about things that would help other people
something that is used a lot
the time around the middle of the day when you stop work or school to eat lunch
any whole number from 0 to 9
lacking confidence in yourself
making you feel happy and / or satisfied
a list of names or topics that are referred to in a book , etc , usually arranged at the end of a book in alphabetical order or listed in a separate file or book
done by or involving all the people in the world or in a particular group
( especially in the US ) a chair in which criminals are killed by passing a powerful electric current through their bodies ; the method of execution which uses this chair
helpful ; making sure that people have what they need
an act of having sex
a list of jobs that need to be done and the people who will do them in turn
a trendy person
the condition of being addicted to sth
to pull a car or boat behind another vehicle , using a rope or chain
showing that you think that you are better than other people and do not take them seriously
a force that is gained by movement
the fact of being equal in rights , status , advantages , etc .
an official process to find out the cause of sth or to find out information about sth
to give the impression of being or doing sth
used to show a rate , speed , etc .
the numbers that tell you how much money you will receive if the horse that you bet on wins the race
the state of being connected or the degree to which two things are connected
deserving , or suitable for , the thing mentioned
a lack of activity or improvement
yard
making less progress than sb / sth
headquarters
when a sum of money is due , it must be paid immediately
a type of very hard grey stone that can produce a spark when it is hit against steel
the ability to create pictures in your mind ; the part of your mind that does this
careful thought about sth , sometimes over a long period of time
a piece of metal like a screw without a point which is used with a circle of metal ( = a nut ) to fasten things together
a hollow metal object , often shaped like a cup , that makes a ringing sound when hit by a small piece of metal inside it ; the sound that it makes
a small green fruit , like a lemon , with a lot of sour juice , used in cooking and in drinks ; the juice of this fruit
connected with or caused by earthquakes
to put your feet down noisily and heavily as you walk
caused by or affected by a violent storm
the area of activity over which a particular person or group has authority , control or influence
speech or words that are spoken in a quiet voice in a way that is not clear
to pay money to sb so that you can use sth for a short period of time
marked with lines of a different colour
the head of a large organization , especially a public organization
wrong ; not correct or true
having a fixed price and a limited choice of dishes
to recognize the difference between two people or things
the written form of a speech , a play , an article , etc .
to be able to do sth at a particular time
if a feeling or quality dims , or if sth dims it , it becomes less strong
a number of people or things that are dealt with as a group
an object such as a knife , gun , bomb , etc. that is used for fighting or attacking sb
a type of knot
used to emphasize that yo u are angry or upset about sth
a type of product made by a particular company
a thin stick with a sharp point at one end , which is shot from a bow
a word used to describe the loud noise that a dog makes
to do things , or pay too much attention to things , that are not important or necessary
the crime of deliberately setting fire to sth , especially a building
before the usual , expected or planned time
a large number of people or things suddenly moving or appearing somewhere
to make a public or official promise , especially in court
to be buried . People say ‘ rest ’ to avoid saying ‘ be buried ’
a thin layer of gold , or sth like gold that is used on a surface for decoration
expressing opinions firmly and clearly in a way that persuades other people to believe them
a very small red berry that grows in bunches on a bush and can be eaten
knowing about sth ; familiar with sth
used as a polite form of address to a man ; in western India , often added to the first or last name
to wrap sth around sb / sth
sad because you are away from home and you miss your family and friends
a state of not being able to decide what you should do
an object with a magnetic surface that you can stick onto a metal surface
happening at the beginning ; first
divided because of disagreements , especially in a violent way
a substance made into a small stick , used for colouring the lips ; a small stick of this substance
done or made in a traditional style that is typical of simple customs in the past
a set of ideas that an economic or political system is based on
the act of inventing a story or an idea and pretending that it is true ; a story invented in this way
to develop or happen in a particular way
to manage to do or say sth
the person who is officially responsible for a department , etc .
to use special chemicals , smoke or gas to destroy the harmful insects or bacteria in a place
( in writing ) Society
to photograph sb / sth
to become interested in sth
used to emphasize that you think an idea or situation definitely exists and is important
to find out information about sth
the way the parts of sth are arranged and related
to make a situation or problem more complicated
the way in which a vehicle can be controlled by the driver
not using good judgement
a small container shaped like a bowl , usually with a handle , used for drinking tea , coffee , etc .
existing or continuing for ever
a large animal like a monkey , with no tail . There are different types of ape .
to stop filming or recording
an opportunity or a place for sb to express their opinions publicly or make progress in a particular area
to reduce the value , as stated in the company 's accounts , of a particular asset over a particular period of time
the state of being complete or whole ; the whole number or amount
a particular type of business
a way of understanding or thinking about sth
not friendly or kind ; showing feelings of dislike or anger
to give or provide help , support , etc .
covered with a thin hard layer of sth ; forming a thin hard layer on sth
to throw sb / sth somewhere , especially using force
liking sb / sth very much ; very interested in sb / sth
to move or place sth so that it is not straight or not directly facing sb / sth
university
to manage to control your feelings or expression
not in good physical condition ; not fit , because you have not taken exercise
highest in rank
to make sth lose its effect or power
to remove sth without permission or by mistake
using or chosen by election
a state of worry , confusion and excitement
the formal and final arrangement of sth official
used after sb has thanked you or said they are sorry for sth
the written abbreviation for the South African rand ( = the national money of South Africa )
the act of capturing sb / sth or of being captured
something that people watch on television or listen to on the radio
a series of games or matches in which the same players regularly take part
belonging to an early stage in the development of humans or animals
an area where the enemies are facing each other during a war and where fighting takes place
to fold up like a concertina
to give sb the right to have or to do sth
to try to avoid sth bad happening or doing sth bad
people who are sexually attractive
the lower part of the leg of a chicken or other bird that is cooked and eaten as food
a thing that is made available to the public , especially a new CD or film / movie
a person or thing that is loved and admired very much
pieces of writing that are valued as works of art , especially novels , plays and poems ( in contrast to technical books and newspapers , magazines , etc . )
having the intention or effect of making angry people calm
a substance or device that is designed to improve sth
the power or weapons that a country has for war or for military action
to fly quickly and suddenly downwards , especially in order to attack sb / sth
served with pieces of ice but no water
the ability to understand or to do sth
used for referring to sb / sth that has already been mentioned , or is already known about
to take back property or goods from sb who has arranged to buy them but who still owes money for them and cannot pay
to prevent money , a bank account , etc. from being used by getting a court order which bans it
as a response or reaction to sth
to move from one place to another
to stop doing sth
to go from one situation or state to another without realizing it
the type of aims or interests that a person or an organization has ; the act of directing your aims towards a particular thing
the crops , or the amount of crops , cut and gathered
if a person in public life makes a comeback , they start doing sth again which they had stopped doing , or they become popular again
a medical examination of the body of a dead person in order to find out how they died
the act of becoming entangled in sth ; the state of being entangled
a small piece of metal or plastic , with a design or words on it , that a person wears to show that they belong to an organization , support sth , have achieved sth , have a particular rank , etc .
a lucky or unusual thing that happens by accident , not because of planning or skill
a written explanation or discussion of sth such as a book or a play
the part of a telephone that you hold close to your mouth and ear
instead of sb / sth
in a comfortable way
giving a lot of useful information
to move or fall somewhere in a relaxed , uncontrolled , or noisy way
thinking sadly about sth that you would like to have , especially sth in the past that you can no longer have
noticing that sth is present , or that sth is happening
to separate one part of a group from the rest ; to sell part of a business
the act of taking part with another person in a crime
too pleased with yourself or your own achievements
the right to buy or sell sth at some time in the future
a formal speech that is made in front of an audience
a deep round container used for cooking things in
to make sb nervous or embarrassed so that they are unable to do sth
to refuse to give sth to sb
designs , drawings or pictures , that are used especially in the production of books , magazines , etc .
to make sb fall quickly or violently to the ground
strange or unusual in the way mentioned
opposition to social or political progress or change
to cause very strong feelings , especially anger or excitement , in a person or in a group of people
the fine powder of dirt that forms in buildings , on furniture , floors , etc .
to change broadcast signals into sounds or pictures on a television , radio , etc .
to limit the amount of sth that sb is allowed to have , especially because there is not enough of it available
marriage ; the state of being married
a very large amount
a series of horse races that happen at one place on a particular day
( in ancient Greece ) a place where people could go to ask the gods for advice or information about the future ; the priest or priestess through whom the gods were thought to give their message
a type of strong cloth that is made in a particular way to produce a surface of raised diagonal lines
to pass across or through an area
a medical process that produces an image of what is inside your body
a period of time when people stay awake , especially at night , in order to watch a sick person , say prayers , protest , etc .
to describe sb / sth in a way that is intended to make other people think of them or it as evil or dangerous
acting with force and determination in order to succee d
to officially arrange for sth to belong to sb else or for sb else to control sth
a small cube of wood , plastic , etc , with a different number of spots on each of its sides , used in games of chance
a loud deep sound
if you are in favour of sb / sth , you support and agree with them / it
how large , important , serious , etc. sth is
used when encouraging sb to be sensible or reasonable , or when showing slight disapproval
shut
a friend
a situation in which the fact that there are different needs or interests causes difficulties
the act of no longer taking part in sth or being a member of an organization
a strong physical force that makes sth move in a particular di rection
used in the titles of some senior state officials in Britain
very shocking
concerned with increasing knowledge of the subject rather than with using knowledge in practical ways
causing you to feel as if your skin is touching sth that is covered with prickles
used to say why sth must be true
to send out air from the mouth
to decide sth in advance so that it does not happen by chance
total ; complete ; not divided
to produce or show sth
a person who knows a lot about a particular subject because they have studied it in detail
to make it impossible for sb to do sth , especially sth they want to do
continuing to exist or to have an effect for a long time
to go steeply down through the air
an opinion or a belief about sth
a child who has no brothers or sisters
( in the US ) an officer whose job is to put court orders into effect
to build sth
the general character or meaning of sth
used to show the cause of sth
to be one of the causes of sth
to make sth seem better or more important than it really is
attention or thought that you give to sth that you are doing so that you will do it well and avoid mistakes or damage
a sweet substance , often in the form of white or brown crystals , made from the juices of various plants , used in cooking or to make tea , coffee , etc. sweeter
a group of cells or bacteria , especially one taken from a person or an animal and grown for medical or scientific study , or to produce food ; the process of obtaining and growing these cells
having a strong belief that everything can be perfect , often in a way that does not seem to be realistic or practical
a system of fixed rules and formal behaviour used at official meetings , usually between governments
used to show who can or should do sth
to look at sth or ask a person for information
the practice of showing respect for God or a god , by saying prayers , singing with others , etc ; a ceremony for this
that can be clearly seen to exist
in large quantities
a feeling of great shock , fear or disgust
acting without delay ; arriving at the right time
still enthusiastic and determined , despite difficulties or disappointment
a long loose piece of clothing that is worn over other clothes by judges and ( in Britain ) by other lawyers , and by members of universities ( at special ceremonies )
persuading you to feel love , pity or sympathy
to have sth written on it ; to be written in a particular way
a number of people or things that are together in the same place or that are connected in some way
sadness that you show and feel because sb has died
to cheat sb in order to get sth , especially money , from them
having a flaw ; damaged or spoiled
to test the flavour of sth by eating or drinking a small amount of it
something that happens after an earlier event or as a result of an earlier event
providing inspiration
to put or squeeze sth tightly into a narrow space , so that it cannot move easily
about sth ; involving sb / sth
to give a part of the body the movement and activit y it needs to keep strong and healthy
an illness or infection that makes you cough often
a thick slice of any type of meat
very small in size or quantity ; not enough
to end the official status of a national Church
having the number or type of handle mentioned
used to describe activities that have no real purpose
to realize sth ; to understand the important things about sb / sth
needing great effort and energy
that does not work well or often stops working
the state of being calm and in control of your feelings or behaviour
a short informal form of a word , especially a name
to do sth or to make sb do sth without thinking about it carefully
obvious and needing no further proof or explanation
a layer of a substance that has been left somewhere , especially by a river , flood , etc , or is found at the bottom of a liquid
to run slowly while the vehicle is not moving
matters concerned with getting or using power within a particular group or organization
a place where c hildren go to be educated
to fall in price , value , number , etc , suddenly and by a large amount
having the number or type of prongs mentioned
a feature of sth that makes people want to buy or use it
to show sth that previously could not be seen
fashionable ; elegant and attractive
a large or important church
a person with old-fashioned ideas that he or she is unwilling to change
to watch television , a film / movie , etc .
to talk about a person 's private life
to lift or hold sth in order to estimate its weight
the smallest unit of meaning that a word can be divided into
Honourable
to allow part of your body to rest on sth in a relaxed way
when glasses , coins or other glass or metal objects chink or when you chink them , they make a light ringing sound
deliberate or controlled
the act of judging or forming an opinion about sb / sth
( in writing ) kilogram ( s )
seeming right or true but actually wrong or false
a person who has just left school , especially when they are looking for a job
to go to a service in a religious building
causing feelings of great sadness
having grey hair
that is not fixed in one place and can move around easily
the place where the supply of water , gas or electricity to a building or an area starts ; the system of providing gas , water and electricity to a building or of carrying it away from a building
the central and most important part of a particular place or activity
the practice of having slaves
having soft , loose flesh ; fat
showing a person 's determination to do sth
containing the substances that make it good for growing plants in
to cover sth with a shadow
to have sth as a meaning
used to show that you are impatient or irritated about sth
to use physical strength to move sb / sth into a particular position
a piece of soft paper that absorbs liquids , used especially as a handkerchief
the practice of a company in one country arranging for people in another country to do work for it
to shout insults , etc. at sb
the coloured part of a plant from which the seed or fruit develops . Flowers usually grow at the end of a stem and last only a short time .
a device or machine that removes sth from sth else
a series of actions aimed at achieving sth in a way that attracts a lot of attention
to make a long loud high cry because you are sad or in pain
a tool with a handle and a heavy metal head , used for breaking things or hitting nails
starting from or involving the people who have higher positions in an organization
to become gradually less or smaller
having a clear and pleasing shape
to stay away from a class that you should go to
to make sb change from one job , class , etc. to another
a loud , unpleasant noise that lasts for a long time
one part in every hundred
something that is very difficult , very exciting or very skilful
a large project , especially one that is difficult
the thin outer layer of a sausage
trousers / pants that become very wide at the bottom of the legs
to go or turn in the direction mentioned
the quality of being hot
on the day before toda y
to defeat or destroy sb / sth completely
not familiar with sth / sb ; having no experience of sth
a thing that is easy to do or win
the feeling that you have when sth is funny or amusing , or it entertains you
the characteristics , feelings or beliefs that distinguish people from others
expressing blame or criticism
extremely ugly in a strange way that is often frightening or amusing
to stop holding sb / sth
used to express sympathy , or to show that you like sb / sth
not having been solved
using armoured vehicles
meteorological
when a performer goes on , they begin their performance
to walk proudly with your head up and chest out to show that you think you are important
a space or opening that goes all the way through sth
not yet born
a situation in which a lot of people suddenly express very strong feelings about sth
in a close relationship , for example a marriage
to accept sb as a customer , patient , etc .
if a business expands or is expanded , new branches are opened , it makes more money , etc .
to use , do or test sth in order to see if it is good , suitable , etc .
an uncomfortable feeling in a part of your body , caused when a normal flow of blood returns after it has been partly blocked , especially because you have been sitting or lying in an awkward position
a group of sports teams who all play each other to earn points and find which team is best
to fall rapidly in value or amount
a drug , device or practice used to prevent a woman becoming pregnant
not relaxed or friendly
not able to see
loyal and able to be relied on , even in a difficult situation
something that you think is very good , funny , etc .
a place where the temperature is warm
to not consider sth ; to treat sth as unimportant
to think about sth carefully
used to describe a final attempt to achieve sth , when there is not much hope of succeeding
to pretend to be or do sth for fun
to state publicly that you have no knowledge of sth , or that you are not responsible for sth
a radio wave with a length of more than 1 000 metres
used to emphasize the fact that the speaker is doing sth
one of the parts of the body of a bird , insect or bat that it uses for flying
a thin layer that forms on other materials ; the shiny surface that develops on wood or leather when it is polished
a determined effort that sb makes to solve a difficult problem or succeed in a difficult situation
to make sb have a particular feeling or attitude
events , forces or powers that cannot be explained by the laws of science and that seem to involve gods or magic
conditions that you agree to when you buy , sell , or pay for sth ; a price or cost
always behaving in the same way , or having the same opinions , standards , etc .
a person who is in charge of sth , especially an officer in charge of a particular group of soldiers or a military operation
a large picture that is printed on paper and put on a wall as decoration
the right or opportunity to take part in sth or become a member of a group
a sign that you accept defeat and wish to stop fighting
a layer of sth that covers a surface
connected with or intended for one particular thing only
to connect a computer to a computer system
the ability to feel through your sense of touch
a type of bush grown in South Africa whose leaves are dried and used to make tea
used to introduce the fifth of a list of points you want to make in a speech or piece of writing
not steep or sharp
a way of getting people 's interest by using shocking words or by presenting facts and events as worse or more shocking than they really are
showing strong feelings of excitement or worry , often with a lot of activity or quick movements
money spent in doing a particular job , or for a particular purpose
covered with large flat stones ( called flagstones )
a story or work of art performed by a group of ballet dancers
to destroy sth completely , especially sb 's feelings , hopes or beliefs ; to be destroyed in this way
to become involved with a particular activity or group of people
to move quickly in a particular direction
a soft round fruit with smooth red or purple skin , sweet flesh and a large flat seed inside
suggesting an interest in sexual pleasure
to move or hang in a relaxed way
to direct money , feelings , ideas , etc. towards a particular thing or purpose
a period when there is little economic activity and many people are poor or without jobs
the being or spirit that is worshipped and is believed to have created the universe
standards or principles of good behaviour , especially in matters of sexual relationships
soil on the surface of the earth
full of work and activity
a strong yellow or brown wine , originally from southern Spain . It is often drunk before meals .
to cause damage or have a serious effect on sb / sth
producing very clear pictures in your mind
a person who is asleep
a short report containing the most important facts of a longer report or piece of writing ; a collection of short reports
to hit or kick a ball , etc .
a style of swimming in which you lie on your back
with a lot of effort and difficulty
roman type is ordinary printing type which does not lean forward
something such as a system that can be copied by other people
between midnight and midday ( from Latin ‘ ante meridiem ’ )
not likely to be true or to happen
a flower or a mass of flowers , especially on a fruit tree or bush
to train the body by physical exercise
the act of dropping supplies , soldiers , etc. from an aircraft by parachute
to treat sb unfairly , by blaming , criticizing or punishing them
communication with people who share your interests using a website or other service on the Internet
a thing that is added to sth else to improve or complete it
to protect sb against loss , injury , etc. by insurance
ideas that are different from , and want to change , the main ideas or practices of a political system , especially Marxism
doing or involving a lot of shouting
to control and use the force or strength of sth to produce power or to achieve sth
a secret society whose members meet for special ceremonies
not completely in control of your movements so that you might fall
short and thick
an offensive way of referring to groups of people or customs that are considered to be simple and not highly developed
involving things that are sent by post
I and another person or other people ; I and you
a person who helps sb to commit a crime or who knows about it and protects the person from the police
an action or a way of behaving that shows how you feel
to refuse to accept sth
not affected by sth
an act of rinsing sth
to have too high an opinion of sb / sth ; to put too high a value on sb / sth
a tool that is used in the house
an occasion when a spacecraft is sent into space
happening very easily or quickly , and not able to be controlled
the drug Ecstasy
connected with teaching children of 11-18 years
art forms that involve making models or representing things so that they seem solid
impossible to see or find
to be a warning or sign that sth will happen , usually sth unpleasant
most extreme ; best , worst , greatest , most important , etc .
not finished
a strong shoe which usually has a pattern in the leather
not real or solid
to spread the costs of a project so that more of the money is spent in the earlier stages
( in Britain , especially in England ) a private school for young people between the ages of 13 and 18 , whose parents pay for their education . The students often live at the school while they are studying .
to get liquid out of sth by pressing or twisting it hard
a sign of what is going to happen in the future
the freedom to organize your own life , make your own decisions , etc. without needing help from other people
the attractive and exciting quality that makes a person , a job or a place seem special , often because of wealth or status
the ability of a spring to return to its original position
used to show who is intended to have or use sth or where sth is intended to be put
an oily or dirty mark
making you feel worried over a period of time
something to which sb has a special right because of their social position
the distance over which a gun or other weapon can hit things
belonging to or connected with one particular person , place or thing
sex between a married person and sb who is not their husband or wife
an opening or a door in a floor or ceiling
pressure on sb / sth because they have too much to do or manage , or sth very difficult to deal with ; the problems , worry or anxiety that this produces
tasting very good
forest that grows in wet ground in far northern regions of the earth
a way of knitting that produces a pattern of vertical lines in which some are higher than others
to combine with sth in an attractive or effective way ; to comb ine sth in this way
to bring honour to sb / sth ; to be kind enough to attend or take part in sth
taking care to speak or behave in a way that follows the accepted standards or rules
the action of a building suddenly falling
an occasion when sb looks at a website on the Internet
an act of killing sb deliberately
used to refer to the business of producing newspapers , magazines and books
a problem ; a thing or situation that causes problems
a flying vehicle with wings and one or more engines
warm and damp in an unpleasant way
to interrupt a conversation rudely
to open your mouth wide and breathe in deeply through it , usually because you are tired or bored
a promise to sb , or a legal agreement , especially one to pay a regular amount of money to sb / sth
to do more than you are capable of ; to make sb / sth do more than they are capable of
used to attract sb 's attention or to express interest , surprise or anger
to prevent sth that sb hopes for from becoming a reality
a thing or person that has been exchanged for another
decaying and therefore smelling very bad
to attack or kill sb by squeezing their throat in order to stop them from breathing
to be sent somewhere very quickly
used to show a means of transport
to make sb feel that they do not belong in a particular group
most private , personal and secret
ordinary people in society or in an organization , rather than the leaders or people who make decisions
having the highest military rank , and wearing a uniform which has five stars on it
having the number of rooms mentioned
to have fun
to agree or promise that you will do sth
not completely accurate or exact
easily upset or offended
to measure sth accurately using a special instrument
to fasten sth with a chain ; to fasten sb / sth to another person or thing with a chain , so that they do not escape or get stolen
an amount of air that enters the lungs at one time
a statemen t of what you are advised to do in a particular situation
a punishment in which sb is hit many times with a whip or stick
connected with the official system for sending and delivering letters , etc .
without anyone trying to prevent or control sth
having no name ; whose name you do not know
having lived for a long time ; no longer young
mostly ; mainly
a printed sheet of paper or a few printed pages that are given free to advertise or give information about sth
to cook thin strips of vegetables or meat quickly by stirring them in very hot oil
( of a plant , etc .
to form a piece of wood , etc. into a particular shape by cutting small pieces from it
to upset sb emotionally
a person who has recently joined the armed forces or the police
talking a lot , and with enthusiasm , about a subject
curved or sloping upwards
used with a past participle to form the passive
to accept a difficult or unpleasant situation or person
not being dealt with now ; waiting to be dealt with at a later time
a ball , bullet or stone that ricochets
a difficult situation that you have caused yourself
action rather than ideas
to make sth or to become less tight and more relaxed
to go to see a person or a place for a period of time
to make sth continue at the same level , standard , etc .
to make sth happen sooner or more quickly
of a kind that ; like
a flat piece of metal , usually shaped like a coin , that is given to the winner of a competition or to sb who has been brave , for example in war
a person who has a master 's degree
to make a sound quieter or less clear
the particular attitude or opinion that sb has about sth
sensible and appropriate ; possible to achieve
a low continuous sound in the background
that you have a lot of respect for
something that reminds you of sth similar
having difficulty in breathing ; making it difficult for sb to breathe
a custom or system that has existed for a long time among a particular group of people
speaking French as the main language
to clean sth with a mop
not mixed with anything else , such as negative feelings
to intend sth ; to have a plan about sth
not broken or damaged
to reduce the force or the unpleasant effects of sth
the amount of sth that you can hold between your finger and thumb
not aware of what you are doing or what is happening
to rush forward and attack sb / sth
that used to have a particular position or status in the past
the selling and transporting of goods to another country
a thing that is certain
the fact of being exciting
to b ring your hand , or an object you are holding , against sb / sth quickly and with force
the act of killing sb by fastening them to a cross
to keep a person , an animal or a plant alive and healthy with food , etc .
a thing that is easy to do
a professional sports organization that includes the players , managers , owners and members
dark brown in colour
to make sth dirty
something that delays or stops the progress of sth
to stay alive but become weaker
to make a person slower or less lively
clearly expressed ; easy to understand
without particular plans or arrangements ; not busy
having many different functions or forms
an occasion when a vehicle or machine stops working
to move sb / sth to a new position or job
to come quickly and suddenly
a narrow piece of land that stretches into the sea
in the form of a diagram or graph
to tie a long thin piece of cloth around sth
a race in which the people taking part run very fast over a short distance
a mood or an atmosphere produced by a particular person , thing or place
to cover the floor of a room with a carpet
to make or adapt sth for a particular purpose , a particular person , etc .
to exchange information , news , ideas , etc. with sb
to move or make sth move around a central point
to estimate sth to be larger , better , more important , etc. than it really is
to make sth whole or perfect
something that helps to cause sth
a person who is easy to persuade or influence
a person or thing that is the most important part of sth and enables it to exist or be successful
with a pattern of curves cut around the outside
the process of achieving a particular aim , etc .
a good reason that you give for doing sth that you want to do for other reasons
a rough path or road , usually one that has not been built but that has been made by people walking there
used to show that sth will happen soon
used to emphasize that you are annoyed
a person who rides a horse , bicycle or motorcycle
used to recommend the action mentioned because you think it may be useful , enjoyable , etc .
to reach the highest point or value
to make sb sad
a change in a process or situation , usually when it gets worse for a short time before it gets better ; a temporary problem
to be bought and sold , or to buy and sell sth , on a stock exchange
official approval given by an organization stating that sb / sth has achieved a required standard
to make a hole in sth by hitting it hard
the right to vote in a country 's elections
to have sth as the first part or the point where sth starts
to begin to fail or get weaker or to come to an end
a title sometimes given to the husband of a queen who is himself a prince
a sudden fall in value
used with singular countable nouns to refer to one of a number of things or people , when it does not matter which one
if sb gets the axe , they lose their job ; if an institution or a project gets the axe , it is closed or stopped , usually because of a lack of money
to say officially that sth is banned
a salad that is made with raw green vegetables , especially lettuce
an experiment to discover whether or how well sth works , or to find out more information about it
to judge the quality of sth in relation to that of other similar things
containing a lot of calories and likely to make you fat
the abbreviation for ‘ intelligence quotient ’ ( a measurement of a person 's intelligence that is calculated from the results of special tests )
not yet finally decided or settled
not in a position where it is seen first , for example on the bottom part of a newspaper page or web page
smelling , or tasting like meat
to provide suitable conditions for a particular person , group , etc .
deserving to be noticed or to receive attention ; important
to get rid of a service , system , etc. or to reduce the money spent on it by a large amount
to make a fire burn more strongly by blowing on it
to make sb less friendly or sympathetic towards you
to pay or persuade sb to do sth illegal , especially to tell lies in court
used to agree that sth is true , especially when you are surprised
a point at which two lines or systems meet or cross
one of the four sets of cards ( called suits ) in a pack / deck of cards , with red heart symbols on them
to steal things of little value or in small quantities , especially from the place where you work
feeling or looking ashamed because you have done sth bad or stupid
an area of land in the country used for growing crops or keeping animals in , usually surrounded by a fence , etc .
later than sth ; following sth in time
to walk with light steps in a particular direction
one after the other in a particular order
an act of treating a holy thing or place without respect
a person who is taking part in an activity or event
the deepest , most extreme or serious part of sth
a feeling of being unhappy because you are not satisfied with a particular situation ; sth that makes you have this feeling
a group of things that are connected
an object , a custom or a way of behaving that remains from an earlier time
covered or damp with sweat
in a bright and attractive way
the inside part of sth
that is a copy of sth ; not real
drawn without using a ruler or other instruments
clear in meaning ; that can only be understood in one way
to become or make sth greater , worse , more serious , etc .
the sound of many people speaking at the same time
a light with a single , very bright beam that can be directed at a particular place or person
a change in amount
extremely confident behaviour that people are likely to consider rude
treated in a cruel and unfair way and not given the same freedom , rights , etc. as other people
to take sth / sb from one place to another in a vehicle
the ability to draw well
a structure made of cartilage between the bones of the back
short and not coverin g much of the body
working in two ways
the production of sth , especially electricity , heat , etc .
to be in charge of preparing a film / movie , play , etc. for the public to see
to walk with long steps in a particular direction
to talk about sb / sth in a confused way , especially for a long time
failed because of a lack of money
to avoid sth by moving your head or body out of the way
a liquid taken from a plant , etc. that contains its smell and taste in a very strong form
to burn brightly and strongly
that is the same size as sth that is being copied
to leave a place , especially to start a trip
to move sth into a particular place or position using force
that cannot be continued at the same level , rate , etc .
having a good effect on sb / sth , though often seeming unpleasant
one of the different things that you can do in a particular situation
( in some countries ) people born in the highest social class , who have special titles
sea water ; water containing salt
covered with small bushes and trees
a hot drink made by pouring boiling water onto the leaves of other plants
a person or business that a bank or an insurance company is willing / unwilling to lend money or sell insurance to because they are likely / unlikely to pay back the money etc .
a competition to find the best player or team in a particular sport
to avoid dealing with or talking about sth
very unusual and unexpected
a situation in which you are not certain what to do next , cannot take action , etc , especially because you are waiting for sb else to make a decision
a soft substance that fills the hollow parts of bones
to find and show the exact position of sb / sth or the exact time that sth happened
paying no attention , even if the situation is bad or there are difficulties
the system of exchanging the money of one country for that of another country ; the place where money is exchanged
to have the most influence or importance
to do sth , such as a piece of work , task or duty
very loud ; involving strong feelings , especially feelings of approval
the amount represented by a letter or symbol
to take part in an activity
very small ; possible but unlikely
total ; complete
a part of sth that is left after the other parts have been used , removed , destroyed , etc .
to do sth very fast
having official permission to do sth
to move over an area , especially in order to look for sth
not to be repeated
to be suddenly seen or heard
to try to influence a politician or the government and , for example , persuade them to support or oppose a change in the law
the system of buses , trains , etc. which people use to travel from one place to another
not married or involved in a romantic relationship
cooked with too much oil
having a particular title or status but no real power or authority
a title of respect used when talking to or about a member of the royal family
to give reasons for sth that you have stated
a thing that makes sth look more attractive on special occasions
to choose sth
moving or allowing movement in only one direction
simple and prepared quickly but good enough for a particular situation
having complete power or the greatest power in the country
the activities and experiences that are typical of a particular way of living
material used for wrapping around delicate objects in order to protect them , especially before sending them somewhere
not simple and direct ; long , complicated and difficult to understand
to be considered for a job , an important position , etc .
an official order not to go to a particular place
a range of sound waves or several other types of wave
to learn or understand sth completely
to examine sth completely or carefully in order to find out more about it
intended to discover the truth
a tidy amount of money is fairly large
impossible to excuse or accept because there is no good reason for it
to talk in an enthusiastic and excited way about sth
a part of a college or university that offers courses to students who are not studying full-time ; a programme of study for these students
to give the control of a country or an organization to a group of people in one particular place
how food or drink tastes
a person who always expects bad things to happen
to present yourself / sth in a new form or with a new image
a particular position of the gears in a vehicle that gives a particular range of speed and power
to not be enough for what is needed
to sit or stand with one of your legs on either side of sb / sth
used to say that it does not matter which , as the result will be the same
to be published or broadcast
to try to hit sb / sth , especially with a weapon
the quality in a person 's hair that shows that it is in good condition and means that it does not lie flat
the road or area of land along the edge of the sea , a lake or a river
people who have no home
to move backwards in order to get away from sb / sth frightening or unpleasant
the quality in sth that makes it funny or amusing ; the ability to laugh at things that are amusing
the quality of being masculine
a range of numbers , ages , prices , etc. within which people or things are counted or measured
to fall on or hit a surface hard , with a loud dull sound ; to make sth do this
not normal ; strange in an unpleasant way
to press or squeeze sth so hard that it is damaged or injured , or loses its shape
a person who pays or who has to pay for sth
the state of being saved from the power of evil
a system for carrying people or goods from one place to another using vehicles , roads , etc .
showing caring feelings and love for sb
not easily affected by disease ; healthy
if you say that an amount of money is princely , you are usually saying the opposite and that it is not very large
all through the year
an amount of the profits that a company pays to people who own shares in the company
a light hit with your hand or fingers
a type of magnetic tape used for recording moving pictures and sound ; a box cont aining this tape , also called a video cassette
a fast swimming stroke that you do lying on your front moving one arm over your head , and then the other , while kicking with your feet
making you feel dizzy
short but expressed well and full of meaning
anything that forms a curved shape at the top
to give new energy or strength to sth / sb
to jump over an object in a single movement , using your hands or a pole to push you
to seem to allow sth wrong to happen
to hide sth somewhere or keep it in a safe place
relating to or connected with the chest or breast
a long narrow piece of cloth worn around the neck , especially by men , with a knot in front
to shake slightly
a feeling of pity for yourself , especially because of sth unpleasant or unfair that has happened to you
to not understand a situation correctly
lands owned or ruled by a particular person , government , etc , especially in the past
a thought of sth that you remember from the past
very hot
the part of a place that is furthest from the light and hard to see or get to
the act of finding sb a suitable job or place to live
small and surrounded by walls or sides
even more
to give a particular impression when heard or read about
good or useful in a particular situation
information that you add to a statement to limit the effect that it has or the way it is applied
arranged by a university , college , etc. for people who only study part-time
consisting of different types of the same thing
a system that uses radio waves to find the position and movement of objects , for example planes and ships , when they cannot be seen
ultraviolet rays that are relatively short
to appear as a large shape that is not clear , especially in a frightening or threatening way
a place where soldiers live while they are training or fighting
moving towards a higher social position , usually in which you become richer
to get back a valuable object from sb by paying them back the money you borrowed from them in exchange for the object
slow in understanding
to disturb sth or have an unpleasant effect on it
to hang sth from sth else
feelings of hatred and opposition
the first of two things or people mentioned
a branch of the Scout Association for girls between the ages of seven and ten or eleven
a weapon designed to explode at a particular time or when it is dropped or thrown
the act of taking part in a competition , race , etc .
the whole number or amount
to send a message to sb by email
a person or thing that has the same position or function as sb / sth else in a different place or situation
full of a quality or feeling
a group of words or a short piece of writing taken from a book , play , speech , etc. and repeated because it is interesting or useful
to make a long deep sound because you are annoyed , upset or in pain , or with pleasure
the weight or shape of sb / sth large
not having the skill or ability to do your job or a task as it should be done
to kill sb by squeezing or pressing on their throat and neck
used when communicating by radio
above your head ; in the sky
to become no longer able to see sb / sth
two people who perform together or are often seen or thought of together
necessary and important to all people
lasting for a long time
a share that sb has bought in a company or business
a dark substance made from yeast and spread on bread , etc .
to look steadily at sb / sth for a long time , either because you are very interested or surprised , or because you are thinking of sth else
very excited by sth , so that you cannot think clearly
needing a lot of skill , patience , effort , etc .
higher in rank , importa nce or position
slightly rude ; connected with sex
an area , a part of a country , etc .
controlled by the government of another country
a word , such as an adjective or adverb , that modifies another word or group of words describes it or restricts its meaning in some way
used to say that you would very much like sth
to move quickly and lightly over a surface , not touching it or only touching it occasionally ; to make sth do this
to come out of a dark , confined or hidden place
a spicy S Asian dish consisting of pieces of meat or vegetables which have been left in a sauce and then cooked
to hide sb / sth
a famous person 's signature , especially when sb asks them to write it
the sport or activity of swimming
the forma l ceremonies connected with high levels of government or with kings and queens
a person who buys and sells goods or shares in a company in the hope of making a profit
( in stories ) an imaginary creature that is very large , ugly and frightening
too much of sth
to make a small supply of sth such as food or money last longer by using only small amounts of it
to mention sth because it is important or interesting
not clear in a person 's mind
used to say that a particular number , quantity , time , etc. is not exact
without being stopped and asked to explain who you are , what you are doing , etc .
to make sb feel nervous and less confident about doing sth
being certain that your beliefs are right and that others should accept them , without paying attention to evidence or other opinions
an anaesthetic that is put into the lower part of the back so that no pain is felt below the waist
to dig up vegetables or plants from the ground
very dangerous and likely to lead to death ; likely to cause very serious problems or disaster
the top part of a hill
a closed plastic or paper package that contains a very small amount of liquid or a powder
the act of recording information in a computer , book , etc .
a person 's father or mother
a person or an organization that prosecutes sb in court , together with the lawyers , etc .
a thing that causes problems or difficulties
correct and formal behaviour
beautiful , tall and impressive
a short hard blow that is made with the elbow bent
a small quantity of a liquid
to shape a soft substance into a particular form or object by pressing it or by putting it into a mould
the stones or material that are used to make a flat surface on the ground
to remove sth from a carpet , floor , etc. with a vacuum cleaner
a man who is dishonest and immoral
a cake with a pastry base and cream and fruit on top
having excellent qualities or abilities ; produced with the help of inspiration
to adapt or be adjusted so that things can be seen clearly ; to adjust sth so that you can see things clearly
different from other similar things and therefore interesting and attractive
the ability to deal with difficult or embarrassing situations carefully and without doing or saying anything that will annoy or upset other people
humans as a group or fro m a particular period of history
( in Britain ) a large party , held outside or in an empty building , at which people dance to fast electronic music and often take illegal drugs
not interesting or exciting
careful to use or give only a little of sth
to disturb the smooth surface of sth , so that it is not even
the act of firing a gun ; the sound this makes
to injure a muscle , etc. by stretching it too much
an area of activity that concerns the public , especially one where there is a lot of opposition between different groups or countries
every person ; all people
to make sth such as a feeling or a reaction less strong
carefully prepared so that it contains no mistakes , faults or weaknesses
the last covering of paint , polish , etc. that is put onto the surface of sth ; the condition of the surface
each of the 60 parts of an hour , that are equal to 60 seconds
having told other people that you are homosexual
an act of hitting a ball , for example with a bat or racket
the way in which you stand , walk or behave
clever but simple
complete control over sth that makes it impossible for it to grow or develop well
appearing to be sth that may not be true
the place inside a room or a box where two sides join ; the area around this place
a situation in which you are in a hurry and need to do things quickly
a belt that is attached to the seat in a car or a plane and that you fasten around yourself so that you are not thrown out of the seat if there is an accident
according to the laws of nature or what is probable
a series of short sounds made by things knocking together
as different as possible from sth
a person who is finding out about a subject or how to do sth
physically tired
that has been damaged or injured ; no longer whole or working correctly
to consider doing sth
showing disdain
made so that sound cannot pass through it or into it
of or connected with Arabia or Arabs
an officer of lower rank in the British air force
to give sth to sb in authority
working for yourself and not employed by a company , etc .
a taste or smell , especially a pleasant one
involved in making cloth from wool
the line that forms the edge of a circle
to make a much smaller version of sth
to fail or forget to do sth that you ought to do
2
to ask or demand that sb do sth
a strong supporter of sth ; an important member of sth
a gradual change in what people in society do or think
change that is made to a social system , an organization , etc. in order to improve or correct it
a good basic knowledge of mathematics ; the ability to understand and work with numbers
to absorb sth into the body , for example by breathing or swallowing
to divide sth into separate sections , especially so that one thing does not affect the other
a type of person
an act of trying to do sth , especially sth difficult , often with no success
a violent person
to remember sth / sb
a vehicle ( smaller than a ship ) that travels on water , moved by oars , sails or a motor
one of the marks of direction around a compass
great destruction or damage , especially over a wide area
intended to impress by looking very skilful
to take a particular amount of a liquid , substance , etc. in order to achieve or make sth
to cover or hide sth
something that is being carried ( usually in large amounts ) by a person , vehicle , etc .
a piece of written criticism of a set of ideas , a work of art , etc .
to guide sb / sth somewhere , especially through a complicated place or system
to get money illegally from a person or an organization by tricking them
unemployed
coming from or arranged by sb from outside a school , a university or an organization
very high , loud and unpleasant
the journalists and photographers who work for newspapers and magazines
to remain , or to keep sth , united
a person who commits a crime
the one or ones that belong to us
a nobleman of the highest rank
to search a place or thing thoroughly in order to find sb / sth
used , for example on notices , to say that sth is not allowed
in a way that produces a smooth surface or mixture
the process of taking an amount of sth , especially money , away from a total ; the amount that is taken away
connected with fighting wars
the kind of area or surroundings that a building or town has
the lowest possible amount or level ; nothing at all
to grow big enough to fit into a piece of clothing that used to be too big
to take or accept sb for a particular role
money that you can use immediately
having a taste that is salty not sweet
to be built or formed , or to happen , at an earlier date than sth else in the past
a large area of water that is surrounded by land
done before the process of producing sth , especially a film / movie , begins
the ending of a relationship or an association
the act of using sth , especially sth bad or unpleasant , because nothing else is possible
careless , wrong or illegal behaviour while in a professional job
the office , factory , etc. where people work
a large pipe that carries water or gas to a building ; a large cable that carries electricity to a building
able to bend and move parts of your body easily into different positions
a small amount of a particular quality or feeling
to destroy or remove sb / sth that causes problems
to kill sb by covering their face so that they cannot breathe
to use or keep most of sth yourself and stop others from using or having it
to annoy or upset sb by continuously asking them questions or for sth
used to show that you disapprove of sth sb has done
the part of an insurance claim that a person has to pay while the insurance company pays the rest
of or using a scale of temperature in which water freezes at 0 ° and boils at 100 °
to take sth / sb to a particular point or in a particular direction
a famous person or thing that people admire and see as a symbol of a particular idea , way of life , etc .
to hide information or keep it secret and mysterious
to contain or involve a lot of a particular type of thing , usually sth bad
feeling or showing anger and surprise because you think that you have been treated unfairly
if a situation goes on , it continues without changing
in the middle of one of the main periods of the academic year
the effect of low temperature combined with wind on sb / sth
a special piece of clothing that covers the upper part of the body
the small round black area at the centre of the eye
very successful and admired by other people
a slight knowledge of sth that is happening or about to happen
the way you make a ball turn very fast when you throw it or hit it
dull and depressing
written or said at the beginning of sth as an introduction to what follows
a tall building that contains flats or offices ; buildings that form part of a school , hospital , etc. which are used for a particular purpose
to judge a situation wrongly
showing or suggesting sth
a desire or a feeling that you want to do sth or have sth
that lasts a long time and remains in good condition
to know , recognize or understand sth , especially sth that is not obvious
a loud clear sound
pieces of jewellery or decorative objects that contain precious stones
that teaches sth
a person who translates writing or speech into a different language , especially as a job
thin and without much flesh so that the bones are noticeable
being half one thing and half another
a group of people who have been trained to protect other people , usually by using weapons
an aspect of sth that is easy , natural or plain
a state in which two people , companies , etc. are competing for the same thing
to have a particular idea or opinion about sth / sb ; to believe sth
a large house in the country , that belongs to a member of the upper class
the curved shape of sth , especially a part of the body
a substance that causes an increase in the flow of urine
used to say that sth might exist , happen or be true , but you are not certain
financial support from a sponsor
to make people accept a belief , claim , custom etc .
to examine an animal in order to find out whether it is male or female
interesting or pleasant in a way that attracts your attention
used to suggest that sth may be even larger , more important , etc. than was first stated
care or treatment given to a person who has just left hospital , prison , etc .
without real value
connected with low-paid jobs done mainly by women , for example in offices and restaurants
invented by sb rather than true
to reach the standard of ability or knowledge needed to do a particular job , for example by completing a course of study or passing exams
available to be used easily and immediately
the part of a town facing the sea / ocean
the resistance ( = the force that stops sth moving ) of one surface to another surface or substance moving over or through it
to be held close in sb 's arms in a loving way ; to hold sb in this way
a bright red or orange colour
to appear and become wider ; to make sth wider when it is narrow or closed
a piece of outdoor clothing that is worn over other clothes to keep warm or dry . Coats have sleeves and may be long or short .
a member of a commission ( = an official group of people who are responsible for controlling sth or finding out about sth )
a house or flat / apartment ; a person 's home
the beliefs and attitudes that sb has as a result of their past experiences
to make sth such as a sound , a feeling , etc. less strong
the power to interest people
concerning sth
a period of time during which sth stops before continuing again
pleasing and giving satisfaction
impressive because of size or beauty
acting or happening secretly , often dishonestly or illegally
the usual or average state , level or standard
to play a tune on a musical instrument slowly without using written music
to write down sth that is said at a meeting in the official record ( = the minutes )
to fill sth with piles of things
to become or make sb more cheerful
calm and not easily upset or annoyed
the ideas and opinions that are thought to be normal because they are shared by most people ; the people whose ideas and opinions are most accepted
to have difficulty speaking because you cannot stop yourself from repeating the first sound of some words several times
a person 's bottom
a large number or amount of sth ; a lot of sth
sitting on a horse ; using horses
very bright
a division of an area of knowledge or a group of languages
the thing or idea that a sound , word , sign , etc. represents
to discover sb / sth unexpectedly or by chance
too generous in praising or thanking sb , or in saying sorry , so that you do not sound sincere
to reduce sth by a large amount so that there is not enough left
to push sth somewhere with force
to make sth close ; to become closed
trousers / pants that cover the hips but not the waist
the action of becoming a single group or organization again
to stop sb / sth from moving or acting freely
if sb 's fears are realized , the things that they are afraid will happen , do happen
to get back your strength and energy by resting for a time
a part of a room that is on a higher level than the rest
the act of getting sth , especially knowledge , a skill , etc .
used when you are reacting to sth that has been said , or when you are angry or irritated by sth
not at all worried about sth
the act of ending a connection or relationship
in addition ; too
a twist or turn
a person who sets sth
available to everyone ; known to everyone
used to refer to a possible event or situation
not accurate or correct
made in standard sizes , not to the measurements of a particular customer
a silly person
to make sb very cold
having a particular family origin
a situation or an event that shows how good , strong , etc. sb / sth is
full of strength and energy , often sexual energy
connected with the right or duty of taking care of sb ; having custody
not working because of a lack of power
company
a place where people live temporarily in tents or temporary buildings
strong and impossible to defeat or change
by speaking in a loud and confident way
to mean sth
considered necessary if you wish to be accepted socially
to pass into a particular state ; to begin to be sth
very strange ; not natural and therefore frightening
to find sb / sth that goes together with or is connected with another person or thing
not certain of sth ; having doubts
the general way in which a person or thing develops
in a way that shows hope that is not reasonable or realistic
a thing that is given or done to show admiration for sb or to thank sb
connected with sound or the speed of sound
able to run quickly
able to think quickly ; quick to notice things
an infectious disease like a very bad cold , that causes fever , pains and weakness
used to emphasize how bad sth / sb is
used to suggest that sth is not at all reasonable or likely
before sth
a strong feeling of dislike or disapproval for sb / sth that you feel is unacceptable , or for sth that looks , smells , etc. unpleasant
to criticize sb or tell them how you think they should behave , especially when it is done in an annoying way
having a style typical of a particular time in history
covered with snow
to make a formal and serious promise to do sth or a formal statement that is true
having an unpleasant smell
in a way that seems brave , although a lot of effort is involved
the full strong flavour of alcoholic drinks or the thick healthy quality of sb 's hair
the number 1
sincere about sth ; not joking or meant as a joke
the house or flat / apartment that you live in , especially with your family
a group of friends that a man works with or spends free time with
a long narrow area of land , sea , etc .
used to express temperature below zero degrees
connected with the US ; in or towards the US ( used when the person speaking is not in the US )
the solid surface of the earth
a short period of time during which sb is involved or interested in sth , often not seriously
a part of a port where ships are repaired , or where goods are put onto or taken off them
used after very and an adjective or adverb to emphasize a statement , description , etc .
an advantage that you get from a company in addition to the money that you earn ; money from an insurance company
to defeat sb very easily
relating to a measurement of radioactivity
a person or thing of the same quality or with the same status , rights , etc. as another
to change or behave in a particular way as a result of or in response to sth
crying , or about to cry
the act of travelling
not morally acceptable
to win back a position , level , status , etc. that has been lost
physically hurt ; having an injury
a joke , especially a critical one
( in some religions ) a perfect place where people are said to go when they die
in or in to the past ; ago
an unpleasant and dishonest act
bending and twisting like a snake
to give a job or task to a worker who is not your employee or to a company that is not part of your own group or organization
having no practical or financial value
to put sth somewhere where it hangs loosely
to praise sb / sth very highly
of great importance because other things depend on it
a person who is employed by the state or in local government or who is an elected representative
a space that is completely empty of all substances , including all air or other gas
to start an activity or event
the process of people directing effort and attention on a particular thing
a piece of writing about a particular subject in a newspaper or magazine
behaviour that seems to be honest and sincere when in fact the person is pretending
tired or slightly ill / sick , especially from working hard
made dirty with ink
a line of people or vehicles that move along slowly , especially as part of a ceremony ; the act of moving in this way
a type of cloth made from flax , used to make high-quality clothes , sheets , etc .
connected with the education of children between the ages of about five and eleven
extremely difficult
to give back sth that you no longer need
not objecting to doing sth ; having no reason for not doing sth
a thing that helps you to be better or more successful than other people
to be blown into large piles by the wind
a device used to connect two parts of an object together , allowing one part to turn around without moving the other
to show sth that is usually hidden
to be admitted to a school , university , etc .
able to plan your work , life , etc. well and in an efficient way
in a bad condition because it has been used a lot or has not been cared for well
to exchange money into the money of another country
a military court that deals with members of the armed forces who break military law ; a trial at such a court
to tell sb about sth , especially sth dangerous or unpleasant that is likely to happen , so that they can avoid it
an order given to a person or an animal
to make the effect of a fall or hit less severe
as soon as
the process of deciding sth officially
a French sparkling white wine ( = one with bubbles ) that is drunk on special occasions
not practical or possible to do successfully
to place sb / sth in a particular position on a scale in relation to similar people or things
the sound you make when you are amused or happy
strange or amusing because it is very different from what you expect
great in amount , size , importance , etc .
the quality of being useful , easy or suitable for sb
an animal or other natural object that is chosen and respected as a special symbol of a community or family , especially among Native Americans ; an image of this animal , etc .
the most important place among various things that have to be done or among a group of people
to hang or swing freely
so brightly coloured , large or exaggerated that it attracts a lot of attention
a barrier like a door that is used to close an opening in a fence or a wall outside a building
to deliberately hit sb hard with your head
the process of sb getting a higher or more important rank
an alternative date when an event will take place if it has to be cancelled on the original date because of rain
the fact of being discussed or mentioned on television , in newspapers , etc .
exactly like sth else ; made as a copy of sth else
to be full of sth ; to fill sth
to behave or treat sth in a careless way
existing in large quantities ; more than enough
at or near the back of sth
a short period of great activity ; a short period during which there is a lot of a particular thing , usually sth unpleasant
belonging to the same group
slices of bread that have been spread with butter
a creature that lives in water , breathes through gills , and uses fins and a tail for swimming
the most excellent thing or person
very strong and not based on reason , as if from the earliest period of human life
unable to use a part of your body completely or easily because of a physical condition , illness , injury , etc ; unable to learn easily
a connection between two or more things
something that is very active and always changing
an instrument that is used for shaving
to persuade sb to do sth by talking to them in a kind and gentle way
an activity or a business that makes a profit
something that is very wrong with people 's attitudes , way of life or with society
comments , ideas , etc. that you think are stupid or wrong
the use of sth in a way that is wrong or harmful
difficult and very strictly controlled because there is not much money
to become or make sth dry and wrinkled as a result of heat , cold or being old
used as a way of referring to sexual activity
an act of making sth less or smaller ; the state of being made less or smaller
to do sth wrong and not be punished for it
to leave a layer of sth on the surface of sth , especially gradually and over a period of time
to prove that sb is innocent
water that falls from the sky in separate drops
the ways of behaving , thinking and feeling that are shared by most people and are considered to be normal
to compare with sb / sth else ; to be as good as sb / sth else
in a beautiful and expensive manner
something that is attractive and skilfully made
to add fuel to a fire , etc .
feeling or showing no hope
in addition
to spend or save very small amounts of money ; to charge small amounts of money for lots of extra items
to give information to sb , especially unwillingly
the ability to learn quickly and think about things in a logical and intelligent way
the place where a product is sold
the way that sth , especially a piece of clothing , fits
the money that you get back when you have paid for sth giving more money than the amount it costs
having left without telling anyone
a small , very thin layer or piece of sth , especially one that has broken off from sth larger
a series of musical notes moving upwards or downwards , with fixed intervals between each note , especially a series of eight starting on a particular note
extremely large in area , size , amount , etc .
to move or to make sth move in very small waves
to suddenly attack a place
connected with the amount or number of sth rather than with how good it is
qualified according to the rules of a professional organization that has a royal charter
used to describe a colour that is like one of the colours in a sunset
an event , an action , a fact , etc. that shows that sth exists , is happening or may happen in the future
excited and pleased about sth
to bring sth up from the bottom of a river , etc. using a boat or special machine
the way in which a particular person speaks
lacking or not having enough of a particular quality
a small hard ball of any substance , often of soft material that has become hard
a series of actions done by a machine , such as a washing machine
something you do to protect yourself against sth bad happening in the future
existing or arranged permanently , not formed or made for a particular situation
a person who owns a bank or has an important job at a bank
a person who has been charged with a crime
full of noise
to hit sb / sth hard , especially with your closed hand
the final score or the name of the winner in a sports event , competition , election , etc .
at what time ; on what occasion
not very good or impressive
a small amount of extra money that you give to sb , for example sb who serves you in a restaurant
used for asking or talking about particular periods of time
to be covered with a lot of liquid
to make contact with the ball and hit or kick it in the way mentioned
to mix two or more substances together
used to tell sb to be careful about sth or warn them about a danger
to look for sth , especially by digging or by looking through or under other things
the act of saving sb / sth from a dangerous or difficult situation ; the fact of being saved
a piece of music for five musicians or singers
to be allowed
of or connected with the sun
for or including people of several different races , religions , languages and traditions
a drug used to treat allergies , especially hay fever
that has stayed the same and not changed
a short informal letter
to write sth in a careless untidy way , making it difficult to read
a large room where students can eat in a school , college , etc .
a part of the body that has a particular purpose , such as the heart or the brain ; part of a plant with a particular purpose
the energy that a person has
used to politely get sb 's attention , especially sb you do not know
to damage sb 's body so that they are no longer able to walk or move normally
used when a person , especially a criminal or an actor , is known by two names
in real life , not in a film / movie
a person who is in charge of a newspaper , magazine , etc , or part of one , and who decides what should be included
to win or achieve sth easily
to compare two things in order to show the differences between them
the art of speaking without moving your lips and of making it look as if your voice is coming from another person
an act of travelling from one place to another , especially when they are far apart
white clothes , sheets , etc. when they are separated from coloured ones to be washed
critical and unkind
to remove sth from the ground with a tool
an area of land that is part of a mountain or hill
very obvious or important
a person or an animal that eats a particular thing or in a particular way
a small crisp red or white root vegetable with a strong taste , eaten raw in salads
a period of drinking a lot of alcohol or taking a lot of drugs
having beauty ; pleasing to the senses or to the mind
before anything extra is added
to move or turn around a central fixed point ; to make sth do this
the activity or work done in an area of business or industry
an expert on matters involving the judgement of beauty , quality or skill in art , food or music
what is remembered about sb after they have died
a substance in the blood that helps the clotting process . There are several types of this substance
the universe , especially when it is thought of as an ordered system
the opportunity that you are given to begin sth in a successful way
feeling or showing thanks because sb has done sth kind for you or has done as you asked
a glass of orange squash
concerned with improving the behaviour of criminals , usually by punishing them
a place where a lot of people go on holiday / vacation
to repair or fit new parts , equipment , etc. to sth
in or into a position right beside sb / sth
a swimming race in which people taking part can use any stroke they want ( usually crawl )
an account , often spoken , of what happened to sb or of how sth happened
a piece of wire that is used to carry an electric current or signal
trying to find or catch sb / sth
three times as much or as many
not busy ; slow
having wide interests in a particular area or activity
likely to change ; often changing
the area around a swimming pool
to clean sth large or a surface with a lot of water
used when you are giving or showing sth to sb
a very slight amount of sth that is left behind or that you are not sure really exists
definite and direct ; complete
to change to a different vehicle during a journey ; to arrange for sb to change to a different vehicle during a journey
to improve the condition of a building , etc. in order to provide a better service
to deliberately make an estimate of the cost , value , etc. of sth that is too high
a telephone that does not have wires and works by radio , that you can carry with you and use anywhere
a situation when there is new interest in a particular subject , form of art , etc. after a period when it was not very popular
an act or a sound of coughing
unconscious as the result of injury , illness , etc .
a system of parts in a living thing that together perform a particular function
a sports team
to notice or recognize sb
to complete or end sth by dealing with the final parts
used to express disgust at a bad smell
activities involving building or repairing sth
sent in advance
a book
to try to take hold of sth with your hands
apart from that
the fact of being morally bad
not mixed with anything else ; with nothing added
ready or made available when needed
that involves reconstructing part of a person 's body because it has been badly damaged or because the person wants to change its shape
the person or people who ; any person who
the process of making sth easier to do or understand
measuring or covering a great length or distance , or a greater length or distance than usual
liquid or partly liquid waste , for example urine or dirty water from baths
not friendly ; not wanting a close relationship with sb
a thing that you use to prevent light from coming through or to make it less bright
to continue doing sth , especially after an interruption
money that sb invests in a company
to hold a liquid when it falls
a particular area of business and the people or companies that are connected with it
a person or thing whose qualities or achievements are praised and who therefore earns respect for sb / sth else
without any killing
people sometimes say Blast ! when they are annoyed about sth
to lift and turn up a pack / deck of playing cards in order to decide who is to play first , etc .
the time of day when light first appears
a crouching position
to do sports or other physical activities in order to stay healthy or become stronger ; to make an animal do this
a good person , especially in a book or a film / movie
to compare the prices of different types of the same thing
a large bag that you carry on your back
a very small copy or model of sth ; a very small version of sth
able to be changed
to have or express opinions that are different from those that are officially accepted
extremely bad or annoying
one of the two groups of elected politicians who make laws in some countries , for example in the US , Australia , Canada and France . The Senate is smaller than the other group but higher in rank . Many state parliaments in the US also have a Senate .
the steady development or forward movement of sth
the quality of being exclusive
a long narrow passage in a building , with doors that open into rooms on either side
a person that the Christian Church recognizes as being very holy , because of the way they have lived or died
to be located in a quiet place , where not many people go
not affected by feelings when trying to get what you want
a flag , badge , etc. that represents a team , country , ship , etc .
to pay no attention to sth
to make sth look bright , as if covered with gold
used after nouns to say that except for one thing , sth is true
used to show that you are angry or annoyed with a particular young person
the act or process of returning to a former state or condition
to force liquid , food , etc. out of your mouth
making people feel less angry or suspicious than they were before
the person who has signed that particular document
the act of sponsoring sb / sth or being sponsored
not only … but also …
cold and unfriendly ; not showing feelings
to make sb / sth different
to rub writing , a drawing , etc. so that it is no longer clear ; to become not clear in this way
said or done without sb asking you to say or do it
to use energy by doing exercise
able to judge the good quality of sth
used in orders to tell sb to hurry or to try harder
where only a few people ever come or visit
an opportunity to take part in sth , especially to study at a school or university or on a course
a self-catering holiday is one which provides you with accommodation and the equipment that is necessary to cook your own meals
to make sb dislike sb / sth or not trust them / it
a metal container in which a liquid such as paint or hairspray is kept under pressure and released as a spray
lasting or happening all day and night
a person who approves of sth and shows enthusiasm for it
to do too much when trying to correct a problem and so cause a different problem
to be located away from sth
a soft covering that wraps all around a person or thing and forms a protection
extra interest or excitement
very informal , sometimes in a way that is unpleasant
in a correct or accurate way
a way for a company or person to reduce the level of carbon dioxide for which they are responsible by paying money to a company that works to reduce the total amount produced in the world , for example by planting trees
looking neat and clean and therefore socially acceptable
to shine with a soft light that seems to move slightly
the legal system used to punish people who have committed crimes
lit by the moon
connected with a large or capital city
an agreement , especially in business , on particular conditions for buying or doing sth
a violent or aggressive act towards sb because of sth bad that they have done towards you
to move gently backwards and forwards or from side to side ; to make sb / sth move in this way
not very bright
having or using many small parts , such as microchips , that control and direct a small electric current
the act or process of performing a task , an action , etc .
to complete a number or an amount required
continuing for a long period of time in a way that cannot be ignored
connected with the time in history before information was written down
a reason for complaining about sb / sth or for disagreeing with sb / sth
away from a place ; at a distance in space or time
used to show that you have a low opinion of sb 's behaviour
a situation in which a group of people behave in a violent way in a public place , often as a protest
to make sb less kind or less affected by extreme situations
calm and informal
in the opposite direction to the way in which the wind is blowing
the part of the sky where planes fly , usually the part above a particular country that is legally controlled by that country
having bones of the type mentioned
to link a group , a company or an organization very closely with another , larger one
in or into an unconscious state
not close friends with sb , but having met a few times before
a reverse-charge telephone call is paid for by the person who receives the call , not by the person who makes it
a room or rooms in a building , partly or completely below the level of the ground
a piece of equipment that changes electrical signals into sound , used in public places for announcing things , playing music , etc .
to find time to see sb or to do sth
to move towards sb / sth that you are attracted to
the state of a place that is ruined or destroyed and offers no joy or hope to people
to make people think that sth is less important than it really is
extremely attractive or impressive
a shame ; a pity
located between the ribs ( = the curved bones that go around the chest )
to try to obtain or achieve sth , for example money , work or success
of the highest class
a thick white liquid that is produced by some plants and trees , especially rubber trees . Latex becomes solid when exposed to air , and is used to make medical products .
if a flag flies , or if you fly it , it is displayed , for example on a long pole
the use of power , a skill , a quality or a right to make sth happen
a business or an organization that provides a particular service especially on behalf of other businesses or organizations
to increase rapidly in number or amount
to solve a problem , perform a task , etc .
to remove or end restrictions
to shut an animal or a person in a small space
without enough money to pay what you owe
the state of being very tired
next to a place or person ; in the area mentioned
a subject that is talked about or discussed by many people
to stop a process that happens automatically and control it yourself
not carefully planned ; not sensible or accurate
to express what sb has said or written using different words , especially in order to make it easier to understand
connected with convalescence ; in the process of convalescence
a thin tube of paper filled with tobacco , for smoking
expecting bad things to happen or sth not to be successful ; showing this
not valid or legal
the act of considering or examining sth in detail
the act of giving sth to sb for a particular purpose
to have the unpleasant feeling in your mouth and stomach as if you are going to vomit
an act or the sound of sniffling
the abbreviation for ‘ positron emission tomography ’ ( a process that produces an image of your brain or of another part inside your body )
to look after sb who is sick , very old , very young , etc .
a sea animal ( a mammal ) that looks like a large fish with a pointed mouth . Dolphins are very intelligent and often friendly towards humans . There are several types of dolphin .
the giving or taking of bribes
to arrange people or things in a particular position or order
to show clearly that sth exists or is true
a member of a part of the Western Christian Church that separated from the Roman Catholic Church in the 16th century
a long hard hit or kick
illness caused by difficult physical conditions
to change the place where you live , have your work , etc .
an angry or violent situation
the amount a tablespoon can hold
intended to give an advantage to your own country 's industry
to show an opening
away from a person 's own house , flat / apartment , etc .
staying within limits that are considered to be reasonable by most people
a lack of agreement between people
to change or make sth change from one thing to another
to carry sth onto land
a machine for polishing sth
the effect of colours , light , etc. that makes an object more noticeable than others around it
to put sth in position and make it stand vertical
stupid or silly ; with no meaning
to produce smoke , light , heat , etc .
the state of not working correctly or as expected ; an occasion when this happens
because of or concerning sth ; about sth
any thick oily substance , especially one that is used to make machines run smoothly
a place where pets with no owner are taken care of
difficult to see through
an occasion when snow falls ; the amount of snow that falls in a particular place in a period of time
either of two places connected by a telephone call , journey , etc .
an organization that provides various financial services , for example keeping or lending money
a flash of lightning that comes at the same time as the noise of thunder and that hits sth
to become aware of sth even though you cannot see it , hear it , etc .
travelling a long distance
an arrangement , a promise or a contract made with sb
the act of winning a victory over sb / sth
cheerful and confident about the future
to perform a part in a play or film / movie
by means of sth ; using sth
not covered by any clothes
to punish or hurt sb because they have made you suffer
used with negatives to mean ‘ anything ’ in order to emphasize what you are saying
accepting what happens or what people do without trying to change anything or oppose them
to see sb / sth for a moment , but not very clearly
to not believe that sth is true or that sb is telling the truth
the speed of any movement or activity
having little or no flavour
confident and not worried or afraid
to start in a particular place or be produced from a particular thing
the state of not having sth or not having enough of sth
an area where there are a large number of a particular type of animal
if food burns , or if you burn it , it is spoiled because it gets too hot
basic and important
to be present for a short time and then go away
a worried , sad feeling after you have received an unpleasant surprise
the state of being safe and protected from danger or harm
to bite sb many times
to deal with or discuss sth in a particular way
the substance that plants grow in
the interesting or unusual quality that a place or a person has
that is easily noticed by the mind or the senses
a feeling of being sad because nothing seems to have any value
a strong feeling of excitement or pleasure ; an experience that gives you this feeling
expressing or sharing emotion in a way that is exaggerated or embarrassing
a natural development or result of sth
to be very close to an extreme state or condition
an act of throwing sth , especially in a competition or game
a machine or a person that moves things from one place to another , especially sb who moves furniture from one house to another
a place where an army , a navy , etc. operates from
a formal suggestion or plan ; the act of making a suggestion
to make sb feel very worried or unhappy
having problems and getting weaker
a part of a piece of furniture such as a desk , used for keeping things in . It is shaped like a box and has a handle on the front for pulling it out .
to elect or choose sb as sth
a period of time during which doctors give special medical treatment or advice
a period of time between lessons at school
to increase sth as much as possible
to go up sth towards the top
a transparent substance that is put on sunglasses and car windows to make the sun seem less bright
to exchange sth such as shares or vouchers for money or goods
the smallest , weakest animal of the young that are born from the same mother at the same time
done on a small scale in order to see if sth is successful enough to do on a large scale
to finish making or doing sth
a person , company , or piece of equipment that makes or produces sth
the act of a spacecraft leaving the ground and rising into the air
exact
a bad or weak aspect of sb 's character
simple but clever
a chocolate
to pay for , replace or repair sth that has been lost or damaged
a glass of vodka
the amount or distance that sb / sth is in front of sb / sth else
the business of attracting the attention of the public to sth / sb ; the things that are done to attract attention
to have a particular weight
the part of a glove that covers the thumb
to have a telephone in your home or place of work
very good or skilful
a title used to address a man in some official positions
very famous and talked about a lot by people , especially in a way that shows admiration
connected with school students who are slower at learning than others
to lead to or suggest a particular development or logical argument
very likely to happen , win , etc .
the fact of making sure that nothing is known about sth ; the state of being secret
money that has to be paid as taxes
used when changing the subject of a conversation , ending the conversation or returning to a subject
most recently
all the gods of a nation or people
several events or things of a similar kind that happen one after the other
a sudden , strong forward or upward movement
to describe or present sb / yourself in a particular way
to make sth appear important when it is not really
worry and anxiety that you show by behaving in a nervous way
to remove or destroy sth , especially by a chemical process ; to be destroyed in this way
to make sth such as a strong alcoholic drink in this way
a small flat plastic case containing tape for playing or recording music or sound
something that causes great suffering of mind or body
a container made of glass , used for drinking out of
all the parts of a country except the capital city
empty ; not being used
the quality of being austere
to cut grass , etc. using a machine or tool with a special blade or blades
an effect that causes things to move in a particular way
the act of discovering or identifying the exact cause of an illness or a problem
the act of separating sb / sth ; the state of being separate
to make sth false appear to be genuine , especially in order to cheat sb
( in the past ) the female head of a house , especially one who employed servants
polite words or good wishes , especially when used to express praise and admiration
a ceremony performed by a particular group of people , often for religious purposes
to cause sb / sth to be in a number of different places
moving or pointing towards a lower level
to deal with a situation in the way mentioned
lasting or taking a small amount of time or less time than usual
a piece of equipment that is used for creating pressure on things , to make them flat or to get liquid from them
to make sb have more of sth than they can deal with
the way a person always behaves
from the thing mentioned
the act of showing sth or of giving sth to sb
to develop a bruise , or make a bruise or bruises appear on the skin of sb / sth
unfriendly or aggressive feelings or behaviour
having little knowledge or experience of sth
a refusal to allow sb to have sth they have a right to expect
connected with weapons that use nuclear energy
made as a copy of a particular thing and used for playing with
to frighten sb
a person who sells things , for example food or newspapers , usually outside on the street
no longer involved in or connected with sth , especially sth that used to be important to you
a pleasant strong taste
interested in and knowing about sth , and thinking it is important
a large bird that is often kept for its eggs or mea t
not including sb / sth
not interrupted or disturbed in any way
to change or spoil the usual or natural shape of sth
any sports that people compete in
something that is said or written in order to support sth
great in number
cold and calm and without feeling or sympathy
the act of taking care of or managing sth , for example property , an organization , money or valuable objects
the area at the edge of a river , lake , etc .
extremely generous
a short part of a film / movie that is shown separately
not skilful or successful ; of very low quality
extremely unpleasant or bad
having or feeling no doubt or confusion
not attractive ; depressing
a system of symbols and rules that is used to operate a computer
the process of discussing a bill in a parliament so that it can become law
the simplest and most important things that people need in a particular situation
a set of experiences of a particular type
a measurement of the power of an instrument to magnify sth
found , used or happening below the surface of water
moving or able to move quickly
an act of breaking a rule or law
to amuse or entertain sb with stories , jokes , etc .
to feel and show that you are very excited and happy because of sth that has happened
how strong a particular flavour or substance is
not married
avoiding saying sth in a clear and obvious way
a long flat surface over which goods are sold or business is done in a shop / store , bank , etc .
that can be cured
to warn sb officially that anything they say may be used as evidence against them in court
a person with a lot of experience and skill in a particular activity
very soon ; in a moment
to deal with a problem , question or threat successfully
to make a big physical or mental effort
a company or person involved in a particular area of business or politics
to take violent action against the people in power
connected with the constitution of a country or an organization
receiving money for doing work
a line or mark showing the highest point that the sea or floodwater has reached
made by a well-known company and having that company 's name on it
a group formed by people from several different groups , especially political ones , agreeing to work together for a particular purpose
to make sth fall over by hitting it by accident
to pick a fruit , flower , etc. from where it is growing
to save a badly damaged ship , etc. from being lost completely ; to save parts or property from a damaged ship or from a fire , etc .
full of hatred and anger
a space under the ground which is almost completely closed on all sides
very correct and suitable for official or important occasions
one of the metal parts that stick out of an electric plug and fit into a socket
dishonest or illegal behaviour , especially of people in authority
the act of starting or introducing sth such as a system or a law
to develop or use sth for business or industry
not having the same quality in all parts
a process in which gases expand or travel in a direction that is opposite to the usual one
a person whose ancestors were among the first Europeans who settled in the West Indies or S America , or one of the French or Spanish people who settled in the southern states of the US
an unkind refusal of a friendly offer , request or suggestion
used to express surprise that sth has happened so soon or so early
to make sb responsible for doing sth or taking care of sb
the profit that a company makes
to record thoughts , speech or data in a written form , or in a different written form from the original
prepared or cooked in jelly
a wooden or metal bar hanging from two pieces of rope high above the ground , used especially by circus performers
to produce a good / bad photocopy
belonging to or connected with the permanent armed forces or police force of a country
12 o 'clock in the middle of the day ; the period around this time
an increase in economic activity
not clear in shape or sound
to hit sb / sth many times , usually very hard
the act of leaving a place ; an example of this
involving two groups of people or two countries
no longer stopping sb from moving or doing sth
a feature or characteristic in a person 's body or behaviour that is not usual and may be harmful , worrying or cause illness
above an allowed weight
connected with the way in which sth is built or organized
a person who takes part in a crusade
to put things away and make a room neat
in good condition ; not damaged , hurt , etc .
to remove sth that is covering sth
to believe that sb / sth has a particular good quality or feature
used to show that you accept that sth cannot be changed
to leave a political party , state , etc , especially to form a new one
a person who walks , usually for pleasure or exercise
a situation in which people do not trust each other , or feel unfriendly towards each other , and which may cause them to attack each other
not decorated or complicated ; simple
a deep narrow valley with steep sides
to state sth exactly
to become old-fashioned
before now or before a particular time in the past
to become involved in sth that does not concern you
used for asking people to listen to sth that is being announced
to move or roll somewhere slowly and noisily ; to move sth slowly and noisily , especially sth heavy , with wheels
nearer to the north than sth
any plant that is grown for its grain , such as wheat ; the grain of these plants
an expression that is shown on sb 's face
a person who works in the way mentioned
not hurt
to carry sth ; to have sb / sth in your hand , arms , etc .
the thick juice of some fruits as a drink
to take more time or money than was intended
words , magazines , etc. that are connected with sex and that are considered very rude and offensive
intended to take effect from a particular date in the past rather than from the present date
having bad luck or happening because of bad luck ; not lucky
an act of demanding or saying sth firmly and refusing to accept any opposition or excuses
a type of thick rough cloth made of wool that has small spots of different coloured thread in it
to arrive at or reach a place or point
extremely small
used when you are saying how attractive , etc. sb is
an amount of money by which sth is made cheaper
a point in a book , speech , piece of music , etc , especially one that sb has reached at a particular time
either of the two times of the year at which the sun reaches its highest or lowest point in the sky at midday , marked by the longest and shortest days
having thorns
the opinion that people have of sb / sth
a slight amount or sign of sth
to say sth that is not true because you think it is funny
to make sth sharper ; to become sharper
to remove tartar from the teeth by scraping
to combine two different things , ideas , etc. successfully
the act or state of keeping together
to stop sth for a short time
used to ask the reason for sth
in a sad way
the land along a coast , especially when you are thinking of its shape or appearance
to be able to bear sth
a surface or piece of land that slopes ( = is higher at one end than the other )
one long step ; the distance covered by a step
to show the image of sb / sth on the surface of sth such as a mirror , water or glass
feelings of disapproval that people have about particular illnesses or ways of behaving
something very important or valuable that is difficult to achieve or obtain
an international computer network connecting other networks and computers from companies , universities , etc .
used to suggest that you are not as important as other people , but in a way that is not sincere or not very serious
to take a lot of money from sb by charging them too much
to prevent sth bad or dangerous from happening
having an engine ; using the power of an engine
the quality of a sound , especially the sound of a musical instrument or one produced by electronic equipment
too strong to be defeated or changed
to begin to smoke a cigarette
a range of radio waves
to be spread around a place , making it look untidy
the strength of character that you need to do sth difficult
valuable or important and not to be wasted
a layer of material used to cover the inside surface of sth
between 13 and 19 years old
to put or push sth into or through a machine
to punish sb for breaking a rule or law by making them suffer a disadvantage
a feeling of great worry or unhappiness ; great suffering
not fair or right
any living thing that is not a plant or a human
to succeed in doing sth that most people would find difficult
that is considered typical of a situation , an area of work , etc .
an area of tropical forest where trees and plants grow very thickly
used after other nouns to say that a place is full of a particular thing
almost in a particular state ; likely to do sth soon
( especially for sizes of clothes ) large
connected with art or artists
a particular ability of the body or mind
to or from a position far down or across the field
something that seems unfair or dishonest , for example a way of doing sth with less effort than it usually needs
a shelter made of a large sheet of canvas , nylon , etc. that is supported by poles and ropes fixed to the ground , and is used especially for camping
writing that is not poetry
equipment that is used for a special purpose
to decay slowly and steadily
an amount by which two things are separated
having a very strong , unpleasant smell
with light from the stars
a carbon offset , which a person or company may choose to buy as a way of reducing the level of carbon dioxide for which they are responsible
the business of buying and selling shares in companies and the place where this happens ; a stock exchange
to arrive somewhere and cause difficulties that have to be dealt with
the act of making a rule or some form of control less strict or severe
a hard hit with the hand , a weapon , etc .
to gradually become , or to make sth become , slower , less active , etc .
one of the bits or parts that sth breaks into
extremely rude and showing a lack of respect
an aim or a purpose
a building , an object , etc. that is unpleasant to look at
to contact sb by telephone , letter or email
to draw a straight line using sth that has a firm straight edge
a young animal or plant in the very early stages of development before birth , or before coming out of its egg or seed , especially a human egg in the first eight weeks after fertilization
the belief in and process of increasing the size and importance of sth , especially in a country or a business
creating an unpleasant effect
lacking imagination
to take or get sth quickly , especially because you do not have much time
long and difficult and making you work hard so you become very tired
to order sb to appear in court
feelings of pity , romantic love , sadness , etc. which may be too strong or not appropriate
a situation in which all activity or movement has stopped
used to emphasize that you are surprised , annoyed , etc. about sth
in or to what place or situation
showing a lack of feeling or sympathy
an injury
if your eyes twinkle , you have a bright expression because you are happy or excited
to improve as a result of a particular kind of treatment
not funny or amusing , especially when sth is supposed to be funny
lack of attention
to struggle to move or get somewhere in water , mud , etc .
a liquid substance produced by parts of the body or plants
to decorate food , especially a cake , with thin lines of icing , etc. by squeezing it out of a special bag or tube
despite
sounding rough and unpleasant , especially because of a sore throat
breath
to limit sth , especially a noise
to move apart and go away in different directions
a small narrow river
to listen to a conversation that you are not supposed to hear
used when speaking or writing to a woman in a formal or business situation
when time passes , it goes by
to make sth definite , so that it cannot be changed or argued about
to criticize sb / sth in an unkind way
the quality of being fast , especially at thinking , etc .
Professor
to avoid sth unpleasant
to start to have a skill , ability , quality , etc. that becomes better and stronger ; to become better and stronger
a set of rooms for living in , including a kitchen , usually on one floor of a building
complete and not doubted
a place where a lot of a particular activity , especially sth bad or violent , is happening
better than all others
an act of climbing up a mountain , rock or large number of steps ; a period of time spent climbing
a unit for measuring weight , equal to 0.454 of a kilogram
a situation when sth is necessary or must be done
made of separate sections
to show sb how to do sth so that they will be able to do it themselves
to twist your mouth or eyebrows suddenly ; ( of your mouth or eyebrows ) to move in this way
to do things with sb as a friend
the parts of a vehicle , building , etc. that remain after it has been badly damaged or destroyed
to increase the value of the money of a country when it is exchanged for the money of another country
easy to use or to do
the state of being an adult
a person who is travelling or who often travels
to become steady or rise steadily
typical of a particular group of people
pleasant to spend time with because their interests and character are similar to your own
country areas , a long way from cities
used to ex press shock or surprise at what sb has said
a shape with four straight sides of equal length and four angles of 90 ° ; a piece of sth that has this shape
a part of a car that is above a wheel
the act of copying sb / sth
a strange or crazy person
used to emphasize an adjective or adverb
unhappy or disappointed because of sth unpleasant that has happened
a way of protecting sb from danger , disaster , loss , etc .
an example of two or more things happening at the same time
a join made by tying together two pieces or ends of string , rope , etc .
to become popular or successful again
to move in a very unsteady way , for example because you are drunk or have been hit
making sb / sth dirty and / or untidy
an illness that causes a part of the body to stop functioning correctly
to be strong enough not to be hurt or damaged by extreme conditions , the use of force , etc .
a job that is available for sb to do
an extra thing that you keep in case you need to replace the one you usually use ( used especially about a tyre of a car )
allowed or limited by the constitution of a country or an organization
the amount that a spoon can hold
having total power ; able to do anything
a large deep pot for boiling liquids or cooking food over a fire
producing a lot of smoke
travelling or leading towards the west
a soft sound
with strong winds and heavy rain or snow
the study of the nature and meaning of the universe and of human life
to remove sth from the ground by digging
a person who begins doing a particular activity in the way mentioned
an experience , especially an unpleasant one , that sb can learn from so that it does not happen again in the future
that makes you suspicious because it seems dishonest
to some extent but not very
pleasant or acceptable to sb
an area of East London traditionally connected with working people
used to tell sb to say what they want to say
to choose to have particular people or things near you all the time
confident , sometimes aggressive behaviour that shows you do not care about other people 's opinions and that you want to do things in an individual way
having a lining inside them
further forward in space or time ; in front
to think about sth carefully for a period of time
showing very strong feelings , especially anger
in the same family
the act of finishing sth ; the last part of sth
to lift a glass of wine , etc. in the air and drink it at the same time as other people in order to wish sb / sth success , happiness , etc .
the quality of sth , especially a person 's ability
to cause slight damage to a car , etc .
the practice of training people to obey rules and orders and punishing them if they do not ; the controlled behaviour or situation that results from this training
a long thin piece of plastic or metal with a point at one end that you use for knitting . You usually use two together .
to cover sth with wax
to go in the wrong direction or to have the wrong result
two separate periods of time that you spend working in a single day , with several hours between them
the shape and size of the human body
at all times ; on every occasion
an act of collecting money to help a charity or during a church service ; the money collected
a mark , an object or a sign that shows that sb / sth existed or was present
used by young people as a wa y of accepting sth that is offered
each of one thousand parts of sth
used with plural nouns and a plural verb to mean ‘ not many ’
to experience and deal with sth that is painful or unpleasant , especially without complaining
a unit for measuring liquids and some dry goods . There are 8 pints in a gallon , equal to 0.568 of a litre in the UK and some other countries , and 0.473 of a litre in the US
if sb is bereaved , a relative or close friend has just died
rude and likely to offend
opposite to the front
not pleasant or friendly ; not like yourself
( in writing ) cubic
the act of sneezing or the noise you make when you sneeze
easy to control ; willing to be influenced by sb / sth
the day in each year which is the same date as the one on which you were born
to help sth develop in a useful or positive way by mixing ideas from a different area
to put information into a computer
a person who makes a speech or talks to an audience about a particular subject
designed so that cars can be driven straight on and off
made of rock ; full of rocks
two lines of poetry of equal length one after the other
sounding low and rough
a small piece that is left after sth has been used
the time when a new technology or idea is introduced
very small and much less than the normal cost or change
with strong winds
having the shape of a cube
to cover a surface with Tarmac
the act of balancing two things that are opposed to each other
the physical strength of sth that is shown as it hits sth else
to restrict or reduce the amount of sth that you or sb can have or use
people belonging to a high social class
the spreading of a disease by people touching each other
able to take in sth easily , especially liquid
a short period of rain or snow
having the skill and ability to produce sth new , especially a work of art ; showing this ability
brown coins that do not have much value
deliberately not expressing any strong feeling
to perform a ceremony showing that a building can start being used
the opinions that sb has about sth and expresses publicly
a person who is in charge of running a business , a shop / store or a similar organization or part of one
having or showing a lack of respect for other people and their feelings
an act of criticizing sb / sth severely
a raised area , usually in a theatre , etc. where actors , dancers , etc. perform
how strong a natural force is
a thing that looks exactly the same as or very similar to sth else
during the whole of a particular period of time
to stop being directed on sth and to move without much control to other ideas , subjects , etc .
about or concerning sth
the only remaining part or items of sth
an act or the process of calculating sth
a person that you feel sympathy or pity for
the ability to plan sth and work successfully to achieve it
a group of people who own a business or a farm and run it together ; the business that they run
the US ( used especially at the time of the Civil War )
a machine for recording sound or pictures or both
to remove sth from inside sb 's body , especially a part of it
to make sb / sth suitable for a particular job
to be waiting for sb / sth to arrive , as this has been arranged
to do sth too quickly
a situation involving three people in a complicated relationship
a relationship between two or more people , countries or organizations
having the type of neck mentioned
to gradually destroy sth or make it weaker over a period of time ; to be destroyed or made weaker in this way
not many people , things or places
a region of SE Europe , including the countries to the south of the rivers Sava and Danube
in an impressive way
to make sb feel extremely shocked and upset
pale yellowish-white in colour
a strong feeling of sadness or worry
a pale clear light , often reflected from sth
the group of musical instruments in an orchestra that are mostly made of wood or metal and are played by blowing . Flutes , clarinets and bassoons are all woodwind instruments .
to repeat the exact words that another person has said or written
to show or suggest that sb is guilty of sth
used to express the fact that you are annoyed or surprised
not containing any alcohol
the part of a word that has the main meaning and that its other forms are based on ; a word that other words are formed from
to open sth that has been folded so that it covers a larger area than before
a particular way of looking at , reacting to or understanding sth
not allowing much freedom of opinion or action
an occasion when a person is talking to sb in a way that shows they are interested in them sexually
officially approved as being of an accepted qual ity or standard
to think or decide that sb / sth is a particular type of person or thing
a thing that covers , hides or protects sth
to the greatest possible degree
pieces of furniture , and other large objects that you do not use any more
one of a pair of wooden or metal covers that can be closed over the outside of a window to keep out light or protect the windows from damage
very sad and without hope
showing effectively what sb / sth is really like , but often without intending to
to publicly ask for sth to happen
the seats where players sit when they are not playing in the game
a question that is difficult to understand , and that has a surprising answer , that you ask sb as a game
the lowest level of income on which it is possible to live
a programme of entertainment at a theatre , etc .
used to emphasize that there is a large number or amount of sth
a small group of sea animals , such as dolphins or whales , swimming together
to put right sth that is wrong
an area of land , and the buildings on it , used for growing crops and / or keeping animals
the third highest mark / grade that a student can get for a piece of work
to act or move in an awkward or confused way
to do sth to make sb angry with you
to decide definitely to do sth
to not remember to do sth that you ought to do , or to bring or buy sth that you ought to bring or buy
to continue to exist for longer than expected
something that helps sb / sth
not intended seriously ; done or said as a joke
containing , tasting of or preserved with salt
to mark the size of sth ; to give a size to sth
to cover a wall with wallpaper in order to hide sth
not yet familiar with sth because you have only just started , arrived , etc .
a container that you put waste in
feelings of sadness
the ability to understand and decide things quickly and well
closely ; carefully
to make a series of short loud sounds as it moves somewhere
to hit sb quickly and lightly with your hand , especially in a way that is not serious
a person who is very friendly and kind
to decide not to do or have sth , especially sth you like or enjoy , because it is bad for your health or considered morally wrong
the events in a story , play , etc .
cut in a deep V shape at the front
too confident that sth will be successful
extremely pleasant or enjoyable
appearing very bright when light shines on it ; that can be seen in the dark
often changing ; likely to change
a large number or amount of sb / sth
to give sb support , courage or hope
to move violently
an untidy group of things
connected with the clergy ( = priests )
the ability to bounce or to make sth bounce
involving people who are naked
easily formed into different shapes
used after that when sth is suggested or arranged
to put forward an idea or a plan for other people to think about
an impressive show or performance
a short passage from a book , piece of music , etc. that gives you an idea of what the whole thing is like
to some extent ; fairly
to give sb the idea for sth , especially sth artistic or that shows imagination
a group of lines that form a unit in a poem or song
the limit of sth , especially the limit of what is known about a particular subject or activity
to take part in a competition , election , etc. and try to win it
that can be easily seen ; having a strong clear appearance
sad , without much hope
to ask sb for sth in a very strong and serious way
a type of needlework in which small pieces of cloth of different colours or designs are sewn together
a person who helps another more important or more intelligent person
to sell sth in order to buy sth more expensive
decorated in an unusual style that shows imagination
for use against enemy tanks
the process of thinking about sth
a law or policy that seems likely to help people do sth bad
to bring a law , tradition , way of working , etc. back into use
in charge for a short time , until a new leader or government is chosen
to stop developing or making progress
to destroy sth
a painting , drawing , or photograph of a place and the things that are happening there
to fasten sth with buttons
serious and very important ; affecting the most central and important parts of sth
a set of strips of leather , etc. for fastening sth to a person 's body or to keep them from moving off or falling
to provide the power that makes a machine work
a single thing that may consist of a number of different parts
covered on one side with a sticky substance so that it can be stuck to sth without the use of glue , etc .
the same person
dishonest or unfair
that is neither very good , large , hot , etc. nor very bad , small , cold , etc .
to discover or recognize sth after careful study
in large quantities ; large
to make sb / sth die
a pub near where you live
connected with a bride or a wedding
a commercial area in a town where cars cannot go
a special plastic card with information recorded on it which can be read by an electronic device
to succeed in gaining sb 's respect , affection , etc. so that you can use the situation to your own advantage
not giving any reason for criticism
in a way that is intended to be offensive
to clean , polish , or make smooth with a brush
guesses and ideas that are not based on certain knowledge
what sb deserves , especially when it is sth bad
a piece of equipment for catching animals
simple , natural and honest
a thing that sweeps sth
a small amount of sth that shows what the rest of it is like
showing that you think that sth needs to be dealt with immediately
a building or set of buildings at an airport where air passengers arrive and leave
to be on fire
to make sb / sth wet by making water , mud , etc. fall on them / it
a state of not being certain about what is happening , what you should do , what sth means , etc .
to behave badly
made of milk ; containing a lot of milk
( in writing ) full-time
attractive and exciting in a mysterious way
a slight pain caused by a sharp point or sth that feels like a sharp point
with the aim of obtaining sth , or helping sb to obtain sth
if sb 's voice breaks , it changes its tone because of emotion
wild or violent
an Italian dish consisting of a flat round bread base with cheese , tomatoes , vegetables , meat , etc. on top
to win sth , especially a large sum of money or a prize
to allow sb to join an organization , attend an institution , use a service , etc .
to break or make sth break into small pieces or parts
to support one person or group in an argument against sb else
to break into small parts or pieces and be destroyed
a person who takes sth
typical of a period in the past and of high quality ; the best work of the particular person
completely different in nature or direction
to learn or study sth
used when you are saying that sth is probable
loud cries from a number of people
to divide sth into different parts
a type of hard sweet / candy made in long sticks , often sold in places where people go on holiday / vacation by the sea / ocean
something that is simple enough to seem interesting to , or to be understood by , the highest number of people in a particular group ; the sort of people who are least intelligent or accept sth that is of low quality
the care and treatment of a person 's hands and nails
the cost of dealing with an order , delivering goods , booking tickets , etc .
connected with , or having the habit of , regular migration
a statement about what will happen in the future , based on information that is available now
the amount of sth contained in a crate
single ; happening once
a small amount of a colour , feeling or quality
a very unpleasant or frightening experience
to make a sound because sb is trying to telephone you
something that you do , write or make to take part in a competition , for example answering a set of questions
to put pollen into a flower or plant so that it produces seeds
extremely bad or unpleasant
either of the two parts of the body between the top of each arm and the neck
a measurement of the width of the barrel of a gun
connected with the years before a war , especially the American Civil War
as the most important thing
in a way that is just possible but only with difficulty
saying only what is true
to obtain sth , especially with difficulty
to escape from a situation that you no longer want to be involved in
a computer program that converts text into spoken language
meat from the back or sides of a pig that has been cured ( = preserved using salt or smoke ) , usually served in thin slices
just beginning
quick to notice or understand things or to react
used as a polite way of asking a question or asking sb to do sth
a typical example or pattern of sth
the act of joining with other people to achieve a difficult task
a set of figures that show how many people watch or listen to a particular television or radio programme , used to show how popular a programme is
very successfully
a part of sth that sticks out at the back like a tail
a period of time during which sb stops talking or stops what they are doing
the way that a particular word is written
to come or go into sth
if a boat or a person in a boat is adrift , the boat is not tied to anything or is floating without being controlled by anyone
a person who lives , and can vote in a constituency
to become hard , and often turn to ice , as a result of extreme cold ; to make sth do this
a very small area of sth , especially light
showing you do not think that you are as important as other people
if one thing overlaps another , or the two things overlap , part of one thing covers part of the other
so obvious that it cannot be doubted
the very small drops of water that form on the ground , etc. during the night
a person who has very strong , unreasonable beliefs or opinions about race , religion or politics and who will not listen to or accept the opinions of anyone who disagrees
able to persuade sb to do or believe sth
a title of respect used when speaking to or about a judge , a bishop or a nobleman
a state of nervous excitement
a person who treats other people , especially women , unfairly because of their sex or who makes offensive remarks about them
the hard reddish-brown wood of a tropical tree , used for making furniture
in a state like sleep because of an injury or illness , and not able to use your senses
thinner than usual
helping you to relax
something that is boring and ti ring to do
to travel and live in various places
an area of red spots on a person 's skin , caused by an illness or a reaction to sth
of the best quality ; excellent
to take sth out of your house and leave it , for example for sb to collect
a period of 30 minutes
to change your behaviour in order to deal more successfully with a new situation
to spend time walking , especially in mountains and for enjoyment and interest
to force sb to pay an unfairly high price for sth ; to raise prices unfairly
the quality of being attractive and exciting
to have a particular label or piece of information attached
that cannot exist or be done ; not possible
to serve a drink by letting it flow from a container into a cup or glass
to push sb underwater for a short time , as a joke ; to put sth into water
to experience or suffer sth
not able to eat particular foods , use particular medicines , etc .
to not be enough when needed or expected
to leave
to give sb official permission to leave a place or job ; to make sb leave a job
a large area of land that has no buildings on it
to fail very badly
people who are insane
allowing things or people to go through
a group of people who meet to discuss and make the laws of a country
to give sb / sth a particular quality or character
better in quality than sb / sth else ; greater than sb / sth else
in a pleased or grateful way
high and weak
one of a pair of long narrow pieces of wood , metal or plastic that you attach to boots so that you can move smoothly over snow
a pattern made by a curved line that forms a rough circle , with smaller circles inside bigger ones
in contrast to sth
used to introduce the last in a list of things
a story created using the imagination , especially one that is full of action and adventure
to open or close curtains , etc .
consisting of small , thin pieces ; not thick
a large party or social occasion
if a liquid coagulates or sth coagulates it , it becomes thick and partly solid
an advantage that sth gives you ; a helpful and useful effect that sth has
difficulty in resisting sth / sb that you like ve ry much
pleasant and attractive
to shine with an unsteady light ; to flash on and off
the number or range of different things from which to choose
the act of living in a place
slow and careful ; controlled
a thing , fact or person that is found or learned about for the first time
a lot of people or things
a crowd of people pressed close together in a small space
a person , a thing or an activity that you like very much
acting without careful judgement
the part of a hospital where people who need urgent treatment are taken
a living creature
to look in a different direction from the other eye
impressive and exciting events and ceremonies involving a lot of people wearing special clothes
connected with a system of farming in which animals are kept in natural conditions and can move around freely
used when you are saying what is the most important thing about sb / sth
to cover sb / sth with a lot of small things with a lot of force
a piece or collection of music released as a record , or on CD , the Internet , etc .
to produce a liquid substance
the total number of people who are taking part in a competition , race , etc .
in or into a closed position
used to say that you think that sth is probably true
typical middle-class Americans
to give sb official permission to do , own , or use sth
the letters that are used to identify a radio or television station
the part of a court where the person who has been accused of a crime stands or sits during a trial
property in the form of land or buildings
to complete a form , etc. by writing information on it
to keep irritating or annoying sb / sth until they react
made warmer using a heater
less than zero
covered with blood ; bleeding
receiving or sending signals in all directions
the government of a country , especially the US
to seem likely
a flat green part of a plant , growing from a stem or branch or from the root
to elect sb again
to state publicly that you no longer wish to have a connection with sb / sth because you disapprove of them
a person who rents sth
that sb cannot control or stop
used as a title of respect when talking to or about an archbishop , a duke or a duchess
a shop / store that sells goods of a particular make at reduced prices
to give sth as an explanation or excuse for sth
to add a quality to sth
to happen suddenly and have a harmful or damaging effect on sb / sth
a particular part or aspect of sth
to succeed in attracting and keeping sb 's attention and interest
a speech or piece of writing giving advice on the correct way to behave , etc .
a device that is attached to people or objects to make them fall slowly and safely when they are dropped from an aircraft . It consists of a large piece of thin cloth that opens out in the air to form an umbrella shape .
the complete number or quantity needed or allowed
to get money as profit or interest on money you lend , have in a bank , etc .
a strong , very unpleasant smell
a group of friends who meet regularly
the act of a group of people wishing sb happiness , success , etc. by drinking a glass of sth , especially alcohol , at the same time
used to make what you say about your thoughts , feelings or actions less strong
to prepare sb for a situation so that they know what to do , especially by giving them special information
the process of collecting sth
to mix sth together
the system of organizing a company , etc. in which information and instructions are passed from each employee and manager to the person one rank above or below them
to make sth shorter , especially by cutting off the top or end
a quick kiss
to operate a tape , film , etc. so that it moves nearer to its ending or starting position
to treat sb badly , without considering them or their needs
used to say that sth is uncertain
not expecting sb / sth to be good or useful , especially because of experiences that you have had in the past
connected with magic powers and things that cannot be explained by reason or science
an amount of sth
with the wind blowing in gusts
to be upset , annoyed or worried by sth
to get rid of sth / sb because you no longer want or need it / them
the position of sb / sth on a scale that shows how good or important they are in relation to other similar people or things , especially in sport
to tell sb about sth in a way that makes it easy to understand
the state of being very likely to be influenced , harmed or affected by sth
a radio
the art or work of preparing books , etc. for printing , especially of designing how text will appear when it is printed
connected with the northern part of a country or region
done with speed ; taking or lasting a short time
between midnight and midday
used instead of something in negative sentences and in questions ; after if / whether ; and after verbs such as prevent , ban , avoid , etc .
showing that you expect people to obey and respect you
to say that you do not know the answer to a question , especially during a quiz
a feeling of not being able to trust sb / sth
the act of using money that is available to you ; the amount used
a group of people who form a business , club , etc. together in order to achieve a particular aim
given by a teacher , etc. to one person or a small group of people for payment
to keep biting sth or chewing it hard , so that it gradually disappears
with two or more sections joined together in a way that makes it easier to turn corners
an organization of people who do the same job or who have the same interests or aims
used in some expressions to refer to the responsibility or blame for sth
a feeling of wanting to hurt or upset sb
if a building or piece of land is crumbling , parts of it are breaking off
a metal that is formed by mixing two types of metal together , or by mixing metal with another substance
very pretty , in a way that you find unpleasant and silly ; appearing sentimental
physical exercises intended to make the heart and lungs stronger , often done in classes , with music
a banknote or coin worth one dollar
to use land for growing crops and / or keeping animals
to treat sb unfairly or cheat them
a telephone call which is intended to wake you up
to say or do sth that makes sb less frightened or worried
during sth
used as a basis for work , discussion , etc. but likely to be changed or improved in the future
meaning
making new discoveries ; using new methods
the way in which a play is produced and presented on stage
the sound that people make when they are deciding what to say next
if the ball is in , it has landed inside the line
to put a symbol shaped like a star ( = an asterisk ) next to a word , etc. in order to make people notice it
connected with sth that is happening or of interest at the present time
calm and relaxed ; seeming not to worry about anything
an activity , a form of entertainment , etc. that helps you avoid or forget unpleasant or boring things
the study of past events as a subject at school or university
known about by a lot of people
to become bigger or rounder
containing only a particular metal and no other substances that reduce the quality
to make or cause sth to make a sharp ringing sound , like that of glasses being hit against each other
to lie or spread over the surface of sth
a period of time in which two events or activities happen together
not seeming to be based on a reason , system or plan and sometimes seeming unfair
the possibility of being successful or surviving at a later time
an organization ( officially called the Scout Association ) originally for boys , which trains young people in practical skills and does a lot of activities with them , for example camping
a way of doing sth that works well ; a good method
straight into the main part of a story or account without giving any introduction
to have none or not enough of sth
to go to where sb / sth is and bring them / it back
the ability to make sensible decisions after carefully considering the best thing to do
the quality of being based on facts or the truth
admitting that you are a particular type of person or have a particular problem , especially a bad one
to cause sb / sth to be in a particular condition or place
an attempt to do sth , especially sth new or difficult
to look closely at sth / sb , especially to check that everything is as it should be
thinking too much about one particular person or thing , in a way that is not normal
a special liking for sth
God , or a force that some people believe controls our lives and the things that happen to us , usually in a way that protects us
the state of feeling very sad and without hope
to begin to run a program , etc .
to believe that sth is true
controlling sth by means of rules
expressing congratulations
a place where people are digging to look for old buildings or objects
that does not produce any phlegm ( = the thick liquid that forms in the nose and throat )
having the type of chest mentioned
active and well known in a sport , profession , etc .
a larger number or amount of
a photograph produced from film
to improve or develop in the way you want
used to emphasize the truth of what you are saying
to burn brightly , but usually for only a short time or not steadily
to become available
to state the main points of sth in a short and clear form
wanting to keep or protect sth that you have because it makes you feel proud
a piece of equipment for heating a room
to discuss an idea thoroughly
a situation when many people suddenly want to buy sth
to make a particular impression
an action that you take to try to stop or change sth that you feel is bad
concerned with electronic equipment
having a good reason for doing sth
causing anxiety ; showing anxiety
to have control of sth ; to have sth available for use
that happens again and again
to make sth seem small or unimportant compared with sth else
to introduce a new law
to hide your real feelings or intentions , often by pretending to have different ones
a thing of low quality ; a failure
to give out leaflets to people
in or related to small spaces between the parts of an organ or between groups of cells or tissues
done by people who choose to do it without being paid
to annoy or disturb sb
to put an end to sth or make sth easier to bear ; to end or become easier to bear
a tool that you can fix onto a machine , to make it do another job
to begin to work hard at sth
used to say that you are almost certain that sth is true or that sth will happen
to suck smoke from a cigarette , pipe , etc. into your mouth and let it out again
water that has fallen as rain
an international competition in a particular subject , especially a science
a pleasure or an advantage that you do not often have
to take sth such as power or control from sb / sth with great effort
the act or process of correcting sth
to reach its highest level before it falls again
the men and women who work for you or support you
held or fixed in position firmly ; difficult to move or undo
a person with a strong desire to achieve a position of importance or to win a competition
the profession of barrister ( = a lawyer in a higher court )
to take or begin to have power or responsibility
to behave in a silly and annoying way , especially instead of doing sth useful
a very serious crime
used to show the basis or reason for sth
the act of one object hitting another ; the force with which this happens
familiar with sth because you do it or experience it often
a period of thinking carefully about sth or telling people your thoughts about it
the coming of an important event , person , invention , etc .
an object that is in your way and that makes it difficult for you to move forward
to try hard to persuade sb to do sth
not natural or sincere
a medal made of gold that is given to the winner of a race or competition
used to emphasize a point that you are making , so that the person you are speaking to takes notice
first ; beginning
to be weak and seem likely to fall
to run , especially in order to escape from sb
used to tell sb to be careful
a large number of people gathered together in a public place , for example in the streets or at a sports game
to push sth / sb suddenly or violently in a particular direction ; to move quickly and suddenly in a particular direction
a particular type of person , thing , organization , etc .
still to come ; not yet passed
to speak a lot about sth ; to repeat sth in a boring or annoying way
one of two long pieces of wood that have a step on the side that you can stand on , so that you can walk above the ground
used to suggest that sth is true when you are not certain or when you want to be polite
to become gradually weaker or smaller
covered in buildings , roads , etc .
living and working in towns and cities rather than in the country
not causing , or not likely to cause , any disagreement
the process of burying large amounts of waste material
the place on a computer where new email messages are shown
an act of falling
the art of writing music
a person or company that arranges for sb to make a programme for radio or television , or a record , CD , etc .
having a lot of space inside
to prevent sth such as a piece of writing or a television broadcast from being read or seen
a unit for measuring weight , in Britain 2 240 pounds ( long ton ) and in the US 2 000 pounds ( short ton )
happening now ; of the present time
to aim a gun at a place or person so that nobody can escape or shoot
to exchange messages with other people on the Internet , especially in a chat room
uncertain or confused about sth
a thick slice of good quality beef
to make sth less severe by adding sth that has the opposite effect
a competition or struggle between two people or groups
one of the different parts of an idea , a plan , a story , etc .
to remove sth from sth larger by cutting , usually with scissors
full of anger and excitement
not connected with or influenced by sth ; not connected with each other
the system of transporting and delivering goods
a small amount of a substance taken from a larger amount and tested in order to obtain information about the substance
that is true and cannot be disagreed with or denied
the feeling of being frustrated
to happen at the time mentioned
a person 's first experience of sth
to dress yoursel f in sth
a thick white liquid food , made by adding bacteria to milk , served cold and often flavoured with fruit ; an amount of this sold in a small pot
not able to be happy because of bad luck or fate
a place where people are put by the police because they are drunk
to cut food , especially meat , into very small pieces using a special machine ( called a mincer )
the line of hair above the eye
made in an artistic way and beautiful to look at
the action of going across , through or past sth
giving advice or a warning
the fact of including sb / sth ; the fact of being included
the act of bringing back a system , a law , etc. that existed previously
a small hard mass of tissue , especially near a joint in the human body
ancient in its form and no longer used in a spoken form
to become fixed or stuck somewhere ; to make sth become fixed or stuck somewhere
very impressive or very difficult and perhaps rather frightening
to rub you r skin with your nails , usually because it is itching
a medical instrument with a long thin needle that is used to give sb an injection under their skin
completely different
to make air blow onto sb / sth by waving a fan , your hand , etc .
a person or machine that picks flowers , vegetables , etc .
to be able to see or hear sth
in payment for sth
not involving or causing argument or violence
to move very fast and with a loud deep noise
a sport in which two people fight each other with their hands , while wearing very large thick gloves ( called boxing gloves )
money that has been lost by a business or an organization
the flesh of fish eaten as food
to make sb a member of a group , committee , etc. by the agreement of all the other members
a combination of elements from different sources used to create a new song , video , computer file , program , etc .
involving the use of skill and the imagination to produce sth new or a work of art
to leave sb ; to end a relationship with sb
to find as much support , courage , etc. as you can
an amount of money that can be earned or received before you start paying tax
a thick liquid that is eaten with food to add flavour to it
following strictly a set of rules or principles
to defeat sb / sth by winning a larger number of votes
if you pout , pout your lips or if your lips pout , you push out your lips , to show you are annoyed or to look sexually attractive
a noisy argument between two or more people
used to tell sb to stop doing or saying sth annoying
sums of money
able to burn without producing smoke
in a way that shows what you really feel or think about sb / sth
annoyed or bitter feelings that you have , usually because your pride has been hurt
having bad luck ; caused by bad luck
to perform a play or piece of music or show a film / movie to an audience for the first time ; to be performed or shown to an audience for the first time
a large wild animal of the dog family , that lives and hunts in groups
of or connected with the literature and language of Arab people
one section of a match in games such as tennis or volleyball
a large antelope with curved horns
to move your hands , feet , etc. around in water
to own and manage a shop / store or restaurant
to make sth develop , usually sth unpleasant
having only one syllable
that you consider to be real and of a good enough standard
a medical test in which a machine produces a picture of the inside of a person 's body on a computer screen after taking X-rays
the quality of sth , such as an excuse or a lie , that allows sb to see the truth easily
in opposition to sb / sth ; against sb / sth
kept as a prisoner or in a confined space ; unable to escape
the important facts , ideas or events that support sth and that it can develop from
filled with sth ; with a full supply of sth
the early development of sth
the ability to remember things
a strongly built shelter for soldiers or guns , usually underground
used to show that you think sth is disgusting or unpleasant
to talk to sb about your problems or sth you have been worrying about , so that you feel less anxious
the fact that sb takes part in social activities at a particular time
to take a photograph
hard unpleasant work that makes you very tired
one of the five tendons behind the knee that connect the muscles of the upper leg to the bones of the lower leg
a country ; an area of land
a loud deep sound made by an animal , especially a lion , or by sb 's voice
serious ; severe
to make the value of prices or wages lower
dirty and smelling bad
to make a sudden strong forward movement at sb with a weapon , etc .
a response by the body , usually a bad one , to a drug , chemical substance , etc .
to leave a place and begin a journey
not deserving to have or receive sth
worried and feeling concern about sth
to amuse and interest sb
sitting or resting on sth
the way that people react to sth , which shows their opinion of it
received
one of the parts of a parliament
to reach the same level or standard as sb who was better or more advanced
to say or pronounce words clearly
showing only one side of the situation ; not balanced
having or including the most recent information
a person who makes formal speeches in public or is good at public speaking
to need or require sth in order to happen or be done
to look at sb / sth closely , to see if there is anything wrong or to find the cause of a problem
affecting all or most people , places or things
not containing or affected by sth harmful or unpleasant
to send sb / sth somewhere , especially for a special purpose
to avoid getting too friendly or involved with a person , group , etc .
a large and important unit or section of an organization
in a cheerful way ; with feelings of pleasure or satisfaction
the particular way in which sb understands sth
to fail to hear , see or notice sth
behaviour or activities that are not serious but come from a sense of enjoyment
not great in amount , degree , etc .
quiet and peaceful
not liking sth or wanting to do sth ; opposed to doing sth
a group of people who run a company or an organization
the sound of music being played or sung
happening in each of the periods that the school or college year is divided into
a special day at school when there are no classes and children compete in sports events
to gradually grow or become bigger , more advanced , stronger , etc ; to make sth do this
causing harm
an ugly expression made by twisting your face , used to show pain , disgust , etc. or to make sb laugh
a conversation or discussion in which two or more people disagree , often angrily
very difficult to believe and unlikely to be true
a person that sb has persuaded to love them or to have sex with them
( in the past ) to send sb to a far away place as a punishment
a small area of grass that is longer and thicker than the grass around it
having money and possessions of a particular value
to telephone sb
soft and sticky
extremely funny
to take action ; to do sth
Police Constable ( a police officer of the lowest rank )
to have a particular physical quality which you become aware of by touching
to be extremely angry about sth but try not to show other people how angry you are
important and impressive
the edge of a person 's hair , especially at the front
the abbreviation for ‘ Higher National Diploma ’ ( a British university or college qualification , especially in a technical or scientific subject )
a thing that has been reproduced , especially a copy of a work of art
a loud kiss
connected with a medical operation
that does not change
fuel made from plant or animal sources and used in engines
starting from a particular time and at all times in the future
the subject matter of a book , speech , programme , etc .
a small change in the quality , behaviour or movement of sth
designed for people , especially old people , who can still live fairly independent lives , but with staff available to help them if necessary
the outline of a person 's face when you look from the side , not the front
a group of people sharing the same profession , interests or beliefs
a traffic light
to make sb 's hair untidy
an unpleasant or dangerous possibility
feeling that you want to vomit
a perfect example of a good quality
speech or writing that is intended to influence people , but that is not completely honest or sincere
not very intelligent ; not mentally normal
filled with too much air
not fashionable
interesting and enjoyable and holding your attention completely
having a hole or empty space inside
every month or once a month
to wash dishes after a meal
to wash or pour water on sth using a hose
a difficult time for the economy of a country , when there is less trade and industrial activity than usual and more people are unemployed
not correct ; based on wrong information
to make sth known to the public ; to advertise sth
something that you allow yourself to have even though it is not essential
to make sth future-proof
to prove sb / sth wrong
to attract sb / sth to a place or business
what you intend or plan to do ; your aim
to search through sth
not considered to be socially acceptable by most people , especially concerning sexual behaviour
a wild plant of northern Europe with large thick leaves that can be rubbed on skin that has been stung by nettles to make it less painful
recently produced or picked and not frozen , dried or preserved in tins or cans
used in Britain before a number to refer to a particular important road
from that place ; following that
special permission , especially from a religious leader , to do sth that is not usually allowed or legal
that is neither male nor female , or does not seem to be either male or female
a number or set of thi ngs that are supplied and made available at the same time
to play particular games
the parts of a town or city that are furthest from the centre
to do great damage or harm to sb / sth
twisted into a ball
not including
to burn yourself or part of your body with very hot liquid or steam
used to tell sb that sth would amuse or surprise them if they saw or experienced it
to try to stop arguing with sb and be friends again
to put sth / sb in a particular place or position
not looking at a particular thing or person ; not having been focused
an illness , usually one that is not very serious
at or to a higher place or position than sth / sb
the fact that sth is acceptable according to a constitution
a sports event or set of races , especially for horses
a method of printing in which ink is forced through a design cut in a piece of fine cloth
strong wire with short sharp points on it , used especially for fences
to tell sb that they have made a mistake
a type of insurance in which you make regular payments so that you receive a sum of money when you are a particular age , or so that your family will receive a sum of money when you die
to keep food at a very low temperature in order to preserve it
so as to be formed or brought together
at or to the greatest distance in space or time
to make or do sth using whatever is available , usually because you do not have what you really need
behaviour by sb that annoys other people and that a court can order the person to stop
very stupid ; not able to understand or to do sth
connected with the people who live in a country
to separate or to be separated into its parts
having an even shape
used to show your role in a situation
connected with or considered typical of Germany or its people
a small group of trees
an illegal drug
a vehicle with two or four wheels that is pulled by a horse and used for carrying loads
partly melted snow that is usually dirty
an amount of work that a person or machine has to do
an organization or a group of people that invests money that is given or lent to it and uses the profits to help a charity
a thing that hides or covers sb / sth
to have a strong desire for sb / sth or to do sth
a unit for measuring angles
strongly supporting the British Conservative Party
having or producing an itch on the skin
used to say that sth is a cause for feeling sad or disappointed
kind , generous and forgiving , especially towards an enemy or a rival
a way of connecting a computer to the Internet , which allows you to receive information , including pictures , etc , very quickly
clear ; not blocked
the enjoyment of sth that most people would find unpleasant or painful
on purpose ; deliberately
an act of trying to find sth / sb
in a slow way that sounds as though you are worried or sad
the fact of being involved , or of involving sb , in sth , especially a crime
cut in a way that leaves it with a rough surface
men 's underpants similar to the shorts worn by boxers
to have sth taken away by sb / sth
a round sweet biscuit made from wholemeal flour , sometimes covered with chocolate
willing to do sth or allow sth
to sing , especially in a high voice that is not very steady
long and thin , often in a way that is not normal
the very great size , effect , etc. of sth ; the fact of sth being very serious
the state of being kept as a prisoner or in a confined space
in the direction of sb / sth
not involving the use of weapons
a struggle to change or stop sth even when it is not likely that you will succeed
to come closer together ; to bring people or things closer together
an offensive word for a woman
a heavy metal object that is attached to a rope or chain and dropped over the side of a ship or boat to keep it in one place
a piece of jewellery that consists of a raised design , often of a head , on a background of a different colour
to stay somewhere f or longer because you do not want to leave ; to spend a long time doing sth
having a soft , round body ; slightly fat
the importance or social status sb has or thinks they have
a flat piece of rubber , etc. placed between two metal surfaces in a pipe or an engine to prevent steam , gas or oil from escaping
to move freely , especially in the wind or water
stand-up comedy
used for expressing a hope or a wish
the state of being a slave
an area of land that is higher than the land around it , but not as high as a mountain
to speak very quietly to sb so that other people cannot hear what you are saying
a level that you stay in for one year ; a student at a particular level
to hesitate or lose confidence about doing sth
a river rises where it begins to flow
to help ; to play a part in doing sth
shy and nervous ; not brave
to move , or to make sb move , in order to do sth
the power that sb / sth has to affect your body or mind
if a measuring instrument registers an amount or sth registers an amount on a measuring instrument , the instrument shows or records that amount
honest , direct and sometimes shocking
a man who is big , strong and sexually attractive
an event at which people , businesses , etc. show and sell their goods
the type of person you are , especially the way you normally behave , look or feel
a difficult or unpleasant thing or task
to affect sb / sth very strongly
likely or having a natural tendency to do sth
a style of painting that was developed in France in the late 19th century in which very small dots of colour are used to build up the picture
a regular pattern of changes or events
soft and giving way to sb , especially in a sexual way
able to run fast
solid waste matter that is passed from the body through the bowels
to be on your feet ; to be in a vertical position
friendly but not involving sex
to completely fill your mind so that you cannot think of anything else , in a way that is not normal
a long narrow part of sth
connected with the task of preparing sth such as a newspaper , a book or a television or radio programme , to be published or broadcast
to get money for work that you do
flavoured with vanilla
a set of all the different forms of a word
to have a particular flavour
a good or lucky situation that is unlikely to last long
an activity that you think is a waste of time or that you do not take seriously
having the amount of sexual activity or desire mentioned
to mention sth that has been forgotten , especially sth unpleasant or embarrassing
breath that smells unpleasant
full of anger
not doing a job well and not making the best use of time , money , energy , etc .
physical desire for food
connected with the place where you were born and lived for the first years of your life
if a group of people close ranks , they work closely together to defend themselves , especially when they are being criticized
a musical part played to accompany another instrument , in which a line of low notes is shown with figures to represent the higher notes to be played above them
very poor ; without money
when a boat grounds or sth grounds it , it touches the bottom of the sea and is unable to move
a person or thing that is difficult to see clearly
a large board with a smooth black or dark green surface that teachers write on with a piece of chalk
weak or depressed ; with very little energy
a person who buys sth , especially sth expensive
stiff material like very thick paper , often used for making boxes
a secret plan by a group of people to do sth harmful or illegal
to give sb an extra amount of money to thank them for sth they have done for you as part of their job
in a short time ; without delay
having a very complicated design , especially when used to perform a very simple task ; not practical
to remove sth that is unpleasant or not wanted from sb / sth
if a person is deep , they hide their real feelings and opinions
to make , or cause sth to make , a regular sound or movement
to come safely through a difficult period or experience
so good that nothing can be compared with it
a narrow strip of cloth with a lot of folds that is attached to the edge of a dress , curtain , etc. to decorate it
extremely skilled ; perfect
a person who drinks alcohol regularly , especially sb who drinks too much
a story , an event or an example that clearly shows the truth about sth
the soft pale wood of fir or pine trees , especially when it is cut into boards for making things
not following accepted standards of sexual behaviour
not sincere , especially when you pretend to know less about sth than you really do
a belief that sth will happen because it is likely
to find out information and facts about a subject or problem by study or research
to eat dead animals that have been killed by another animal , by a car , etc .
containing a substance for preventing or curing infections of your skin or hair
showing that you think sb / sth is ridiculous
an unfair remark about sb / sth that may damage other people 's opinion of them
unimportant matters , details or information
the sport or activity of climbing rocks or mountains
to wrap strips of material around a wound or an injured part of the body
a car , plane , etc. that has been very badly damaged in an accident
in the middle between two sizes , amounts , lengths , temperatures , etc .
an object , a piece of evidence or some information that helps the police solve a crime
a title for a man that shows respect
high in tone
action that a person takes against sb who has harmed them in some way
the legal punishment of being killed for a serious crime
a 500th anniversary
the ability to do sth dangerous , or to face pain or opposition , without showing fear
a covering for part or all of the face , worn to hide or protect it
how long sb takes to run a race or complete an event
in the opposite direction to the movement of the hands of a clock
a current in the sea or ocean that moves in the opposite direction to the water near the surface
two things that are incompatible are of different types so that they cannot be used or mixed together
a number puzzle with nine squares , each containing nine smaller squares , in which you have to put the numbers one to nine so that a number appears only once in each of the nine squares and in each row of nine across and down the puzzle
to say or believe that sb is responsible for doing sth , especially for saying , writing or painting sth
a picture or design that is marked permanently on a person 's skin by making small holes in the skin with a needle and filling them with coloured ink
an investigation to find out more information about sth
to plan your / sb 's work and activities in an efficient way
to say or do sth that you know will annoy sb so that they react in an angry way
a word or phrase that expresses a group 's beliefs and calls people to action
ordinary and boring
difficult or dangerous to deal with and making you feel worried or uncomfortable
not like sth else
to not allow sth
to say or describe sth that is not true , especially in order to trick people
the way in which sb / sth behaves
used to speak to a man you do not know
to make sb rush into doing sth without giving them time to think about it
the separation of members of the British parliament into groups to vote for or against sth
from a time in the past until a later past time , or until now
to attract or interest sb very much
the behaviour of sb who is dallying with sb / sth
to take illegal drugs
a word , phrase or sound that is repeated again and again , especially during prayer or meditation
the process of adding two or more numbers together to find their total
extremely ; with no limit
connected with sound that is recorded
to not include sb / sth
made untidy by the wind
a collection of different things or of different types of the same thing
to discuss , repeat or read sth quickly
a natural opening or crack , for example in the ground or in rock , or in a person 's chin
to fight back when attacked ; to use force to stop sth from happening
the process of sth being damaged or made worse
to let sb stay at your home
a feeling of doubt or worry about whether what you are doing is right
happening or coming after all other similar things or people
to be the teacher or leader in a class or a religious service
dangerous or frightening but often exciting
the sharp pointed part of an insect or creature that can go into the skin leaving a small , painful and sometimes poisonous wound
to use money , time , information , etc. in a sensible way
to be going to happen very soon
a strong bitter alcoholic liquid that is made from plants and added to other alcoholic drinks to give flavour
information about a performance , an actor 's career , a piece of music , etc. printed in a special book or on a CD case , record cover , etc .
connected with modern popular music
calm
something that is better
a tall cup for drinking from , usually with straight sides and a handle , used without a saucer
having the colour of earth or coffee
an act of asking for sth that you want very much , in an emotional way
covered with stains or marked with a stain
the process of trying to find an answer by guessing when you do not have enough information to be sure
to take and use sb / sth that belongs to sb / sth else , especially in a secret , dishonest or unfair way
the state of being cheerful and full of fun
in small amounts or numbers over a period of time
wanting more money , power , food , etc. than you really need
all the words in a particular language
used to express the fact that the quality or thing mentioned is present in large amounts
an extremely small amount
cruel or violent behaviour
to move your hand gently and slowly over an animal 's fur or hair
later than the time mentioned
to stay in the same situation , without changing your mind or taking any action
not producing very much ; not producing good results
a small dot used in writing , especially the dot that separates a whole number from the part that comes after it
very worried about sth / sb ; thinking about sth / sb too much
able to live together , play or fight each other , etc. because they are similar in character , ability , etc .
to take off the paper , etc. that covers or protects sth
rude in a way that causes you to feel upset , insulted or annoyed
on sb 's body ; being worn
used to emphasize sth that you are saying
all possible
to arrange to have or use sth on a particular date in the future ; to buy a ticket in advance
to eat little or no food for a period of time , especially for religious or health reasons
doing sth as a paid job rather than as a hobby
used to be exact about the thing or things that you mean
not suitable for sth ; not encouraging sth
the act of kissing sb / sth
a better or greater level of sth ; a situation where sth is very good
going from one thing to another , without a definite plan and without enthusiasm
to place food over boiling water so that it cooks in the steam ; to be cooked in this way
to say or do sth in a careful way , especially because it might upset or offend sb
to become , or to make sth become , less tight
not showing feelings , thoughts , etc .
to put one or more horseshoes on a horse
conversations in a book , play , or film / movie
to get ready to argue , fight or compete with sb
a measurement in space , for example the height , width or length of sth
a strong belief about the way sth should happen or how sb should behave
an open pie filled with sweet food such as fruit
to break the contact between two people who are talking on the telephone
the area or distance within which sb can see or sth can be seen
a moving part of a machine that supports or moves another part , for example on a typewriter
to be easy / difficult to drive or control
the act of sending items by mail
to change or make sth / sb change into sth completely different , especially over a period of time
an agreement or a promise to do sth
used to express what you hope will happen
to take sb so mewhere , especially with difficulty
to imagine sb / sth ; to create an image of sb / sth in your mind
determined to do what you want ; not caring about what other people want
to make sb / sth rich or richer
a person who collects things , either as a hobby or as a job
an official mark placed over the stamp on a letter , etc. that shows when and where it was posted and makes it impossible to use the stamp again
the existence of many different groups of people in one society , for example people of different races or of different political or religious beliefs
the US President and his or her officials
the result when you multiply a whole number by all the numbers below it
sticks twisted together as a material for making fences , walls , etc .
a sound like a long ‘ s ’ ; this sound used to show disapproval of sb
to invest money so that it is not easily available for use
to cook or heat sth in a microwave
the abbreviation for ‘ Member of the Scottish Parliament ’
to decide that sb / sth has a particular position or rank compared with other people or things
to become less or weaker , especially before disappearing completely
better , happier , etc. following sth
used to state the age at which sb does sth
a device that gives out light in which all the waves oscillate ( = change direction and strength ) together , typically producing a powerful beam of light that can be used for cutting metal , in medical operations , etc .
the first design of sth from which other forms are copied or developed
a liquid with a pleasant smell that you wear on your skin to make it smell nice
that must be done because of a law or a rule
not smooth or pleasant to taste , listen to , etc .
the main part of sth ; most of sth
to hold sth , ready to use it as a weapon or tool
not made clear or definite
a gate that can be opened or closed to control the flow of water on a river
the act of showing a film / movie or television programme
a person or group that offers to pay an amount of money to buy sth
a series of things or people that come closely one after another
used to show that sth is surprising
something that does not have the qualities or values that it should have , and as a result is often shocking or offensive
at a time later than sth ; when sth has finished
to cover sth completely so that it cannot be seen
to think that sb does not deserve to have sth
a track made of cinders , soil , etc. used for motorcycle racing
to go somewhere with great energy or purpose
something that you need for a particular purpose
the main entrance to a house , usually at the front
bags , cases , etc. that contain sb 's clothes and things when they are travelling
very kind , generous and friendly
in the same direction as the longest side of sth
an increase in the size , amount or degree of sth
the quality of being simple and clear , so that it is impossible not to un derstand
the capitalist class
to receive and deal with questions or comments
connected with the rituals performed as part of a ceremony
a person who is responsible for planning or creating an idea , an event or a situation
a large amount
a learning activity in which you behave in the way sb else would behave in a particular situation
( in stories ) a creature like a small person , who has magic powers
hitting sth / sb at an angle , not with full force
a reduction in the amount of money , jobs , etc. available ; a difficult situation caused by this
to decide not to do or use sth that you had planned to do or use
a combination of different things
to make sth real ; to make sth happen
used to describe a close family connection
a group of officials led by an ambassador who represent their government in a foreign country
thick and sticky , like a jelly
making you feel very unhappy ; caused by great unhappiness
to make a photocopy of sth
if two hard objects clack , they make a short loud sound when they hit each other
dull ; not romantic
to give sth a particular name or description
used to describe the person , animal or team that is considered almost certain to win a race , etc .
made of many fibres ; looking like fibres
with two people facing each other directly in order to decide an argument or a competition
to move through water in a horizontal position using the arms and legs
money or sth valuable that you give or promise to a bank , for example , to make sure that you will do what you have promised
to throw sth carelessly or without much thought
when not expected
a leather seat for a rider on a horse
a person who makes a public protest
to express or represent an idea or a quality
copyright
behaviour that is thought to be morally or sexually offensive
showing feelings of love
confused because of mental , emotional or social problems
not willing to listen or pay attention to sth
used to give extra details about sth that has just been mentioned
a strong regular repeated pattern of sounds or movements
pleasantly new or different
to mark or sign sth with your initials
used in the names of some academic subjects
something that you are very pleased or proud to do because people are showing you great respect
having strong beliefs about what is right and wrong ; based on strong beliefs
to make a quiet continuous sound
a colour or combination of colours which a piece of clothing , etc. is available in
the act of breaking a religious or moral law
to pour a lot of liquid over sb / sth ; to soak sb / sth in liquid
the dried leaves of the tobacco plant that are used for making cigarettes , smoking in a pipe or chewing
the action of arriving in or coming back to a place that you were in before
to hold sth in your hand and move it from side to side
to beat or sound with a strong , regular rhythm
refusal to help a person in authority by doing what they have asked you to do , especially as a form of protest
a fashion for sth
probably
( in some religions ) a being or spirit who is believed to have power over a particular part of nature or who is believed to represent a particular quality
if two things or parts of things part or you part them , they move away from each other
funny , clever and not serious
used to say how often sth happens or is done
to be the place where an event happens
travelling or leading towards the north
from one aircraft to another while they are both flying
to put your arms or legs out straight and contract your muscles
existing under th e surface of sth else
the system of sending letters , etc. by air
to stop sth from happening or being done by using your official authority ( = by using your veto )
a process by which a word is changed , for example because of a mistaken belief that it is related to another word , or to make a foreign word sound more familiar
a glass of gin
to appear a strong , warm colour
a person who goes regularly to a particular place or event
making a short , high sound ; squeaking
to start to have an effect
to keep sb 's attention by being interesting , attractive , etc .
an object , a decoration , a mark , etc , usually with five or six points , whose shape represents a star
a view that you see
the state of being known and talked about by many people
the feeling caused by a need to eat
a type of badge that is fastened with a pin at the back
working for or forming part of an organization
used in Britain before a number to refer to a particular secondary road
the sound or mark made each time your foot touches the ground when you are walking or running
full of anger or hatred
having good qualities that people think are typically American
to prove that sth is not true
an instrument for looking through or watching sth with
a speaker 's actual words ; the use of these in writing
a product of your imagination
to ask for sth to eat or drink in a restaurant , bar , etc .
the state of being aware of sth
playing cricket ; connected with cricket
to buy or sell sth
a large amount of a restricted range of activities
one of a group of senior managers who run a company
a very strong artificial material , used for making clothes , rope , brushes , etc .
showing a tendency to commit crimes
the amount of money that you pay to use sth for a particular period of time
the roasted seeds ( called coffee beans ) of a tropical bush ; a powder made from them
to move with noisy steps
an act of looking at sb / sth for a long time , especially in a way that is unfriendly or that shows surprise
to use cigarettes , etc. in this way as a habit
the highest point or end of sth , usually happening after a long time
to produce milk from the breasts to feed a baby or young animal
the particular opinion or idea that sb has about sth
depending on sth that may or may not happen
to make a design on a surface or cloth by pressing a surface against it which has been coloured with ink or dye
connected with , or like , a demon
an amount or a supply of sth
used for showing surprise or pleasure
the state of being or becoming a mother
to create or prepare sth again
for sb ; showing that sth officially belongs to sb
to use calories or energy by doing exercise
to officially appear somewhere
a formal written or spoken statement saying what you know to be true , usually in court
an official statement that allows people who have been put in prison for crimes against the state to go free
not firm or safe ; not certain
something that you say or do to greet sb
the wine that was produced in a particular year or place ; the year in which it was produced
very formal , when men are expected to wear white bow ties and jackets with tails
as a result of sth
a member of any of the races of people who were the original people living in America
the contents of a glass
the physical and mental effort that you use to do sth
used to contrast sb / sth with another person or thing
to make sb do sth faster than they want to
the hard pointed or curved outer part of a bird 's mouth
if sth catches the light or the light catches it , the light shines on it and makes it shine too
to make sb feel extremely frightened
to help sb remember sth , especially sth important that they must do
a quick , angry or humorous reply
to increase the sound , heat , etc. of a piece of equipment
in reality , although not officially intended
a mark that represents a star and tells you how good sth is , especially a hotel or restaurant
the movement of the sea towards the land
not large or special in any way
a situation that is full of problems , usually because of a lack of organization or because of mistakes that sb has made
used to show that you are pleased that sth good has happened or that sth bad has been avoided
to become
a tool with a long handle and a broad blade with curved edges , used for moving earth , snow , sand , etc .
to be told about sth
large and likely to cause people problems , especially financial problems
the cloth made from the cotton plant
to pay interest on money that has been borrowed
that is not limited or managed by law or rules
clearly and completely
something that must exist or happen before sth else can happen or be done
done as part of a ritual or ceremony
to put sth down in a careless or untidy way
used in questions to show that you are angry or surprised
sent out while the event is actually happening , not recorded first and broadcast later
always done or said in the same way , especially when this is not sincere
used to contrast two things
to make sb feel disgusted
having a strong dislike of sth / sb
most important , famous or successful
that cannot be changed
having the number or type of wings mentioned
something that weighs the number of pounds mentioned
being the total amount of sth before anything is taken away
an activity or a subject that you enjoy and that you spend your free time doing or studying
to make a clock or other piece of machinery work by turning a knob , handle , etc. several times ; to be able to be made to work in this way
not in or to any place
to be equal in value , amount , etc. to sth else that has the opposite effect
in order to obtain sth
used when you are referring to sth , but are not being exact and do not mention its name
to point a camera , light , gun , etc. at sb / sth and move it slowly from one side to the other
to feel or make sb feel less sad , worried or serious
a sudden strong emotion or sign of strong emotion
the way that things happen in the physical world when it is not controlled by people
showing signs of being good or successful
used to show the reason why sth is done
to hit against sth with the noise of sb being slapped
a group of shops / stores or hotels owned by the same company
the process of putting data in a particular order
lively ; quick
to make sth happen faster or sooner
the strong effect or influence of sth
to ski on water while being pulled by a fast boat
not likely to cause disagreement between people
an unusual or unexpected change in what is happening
to control or influence sb / sth , often in a dishonest way so that they do not realize it
to cook food in an oven without extra fat or liquid ; to be cooked in this way
to think or calculate sth to be sth
the person in charge of a bank or a commercial organization
dry material , especially wood or grass , that burns easily and can be used to light a fire
to write or speak about sth / sb , especially without giving much information
an indirect word or phrase that people often use to refer to sth embarrassing or unpleasant , sometimes to make it seem more acceptable than it really is
that can help you to do or achieve what you want
having official permission to sell alcoholic drinks
to state that you believe that sth is true or genuine , for example in court
a limited variety or amount of food that you eat for medical reasons or because you want to lose weight ; a time when you only eat this limited variety or amount
a small amount or distance
a house built of , or with a front made of , a type of reddish-brown stone , which is also called brownstone
not admitted to ; not stated in an open way ; not having been declared
to cook sth slowly , or allow sth to cook slowly , in liquid in a closed dish
the act of attacking a building , an area , etc. in order to take control of it
to remove the ovaries of a female animal , to prevent it from breeding
the thing or things that ; whatever
that you think will happen
to make sb excited or make them feel sth strongly
the last meal of the day , either a main meal , usually smaller and less formal than dinner , or a snack eaten before you go to bed
strongly ; firmly
morally bad ; completely unacceptable
probably caused by the thing mentioned
producing a lot of wealth so that many of its people can live at a high standard
to let sb know a secret
not having , experiencing or showing sth
a clear glass ball used by people who claim they can predict what will happen in the future by looking into it
severe
having or showing a wish to protect sb / sth
extremely good and successful
the fact of using computers
an act of washing your whole body by sitting or lying in water
full of strong emotion
to say or prove that a statement or criticism is false
to do things in a way that people think is correct or polite
if you can 't face sth unpleasant , you feel unable or unwilling to deal with it
to provide sth good to balance or reduce the bad effects of damage , loss , etc .
the second of two things , people or groups that have just been mentioned , or the last in a list
penny pence
to deal with all the remaining details of sth
strongly felt
connected with the physical laws of movement and cause and effect ( = with mechanics )
to succeed in achieving or winning sth
to cause sb to do sth
to come together or bring people together in order to help or support sb / sth
something that you allow or do , or allow sb to have , in order to end an argument or to make a situation less difficult
the act of closing a factory or business or stopping a large machine from working , either temporarily or permanently
without experience of doing a particular job
a line of vehicles including one or more that famous or important people are travelling in
in every way that is important ; completely
a situation in which you think wrongly that you recognize sb or have found the person you are looking for
to lead or be in charge of sth
to allow sb / sth to enter
a substance or things of a particular sort
continuously , without looking away , but often with no real interest
very anxious and unhappy about sth
that prevents the waste of the thing mentioned or stops it from being necessary
to walk slowly or with difficulty because one leg is injured
to prove or show sth ; to be evidence of sth
containing a lot of slang
to be important or have an important effect on sb / sth
impossible to control
agreement to have sex with sb
oil in its natural state , before it has been treated with chemicals
the period of time that sb is able to remember events
to grow well ; to be healthy and happy
a place where two roads meet and cross each other
a person without power or influence
to provide evidence , reasons , facts , etc. in order to explain sth or to show that sth is true
to make sth right or accurate , for example by changing it or removing mistakes
a large number of points , goals , etc .
to move back and / or away from sb because you are afraid
the way in which the different parts of sth are arranged
suffering pain ; in a poor physical condition
to jump over sth while you are running
used to show that you are annoyed when you do sth stupid or when sth goes wrong ( to avoid saying ‘ shit ’ )
used to describe a style of architecture in ancient Greece that has thin columns with decorations of leaves at the top
a medical condition in which a person has a temperature that is higher than normal
of the later part of the Stone Age
to teach sb to do sth by making them repeat it a lot of time s
to move your lips as if you were saying sth , but without making a sound
expensive and beautiful
intended to explain or describe sth
thin and growing in a way that is not even
a practice of what to do in an emergency , for example if there is a fire
even if nothing else is true or you do nothing else
a light pink wine
a space between two things or in the middle of sth , especially because there is a part missing
to drop or throw water , paint , mud , etc. on sb / sth ; to make sb / sth wet or dirty by landing on them in large drops
to force sb to do sth or behave in a particular way
the process of using information you have in order to understand a particular situation or to find the answer to a problem
the period in Europe during the 14th , 15th and 16th centuries when people became interested in the ideas and culture of ancient Greece and Rome and used these influences in their own art , literature , etc .
to do a particular type of dance
to dislike sb / sth so much that you hate having to be with or deal with them
when one thing fuses with another , or two things fuse or are fused , they are joined together to form a single thing
the business of making and sending out radio and television programmes
fashionable and new
to arrive where you have arranged to meet sb or do sth
to grow again ; to make sth grow again
secretly or illegally
an annoying situation , thing or person
showing a lack of feeling
any of the four sets that form a pack / deck of cards
a group of vehicles or ships travelling together , especially when soldiers or other vehicles travel with them for protection
to make sth stronger or more solid by supporting it with sth
to take liquid into your mouth and swallow it
to give sb special instructions for what they should do or say in a particular situation
an important job that is done by a soldier , group of soldiers , etc .
the people who live in and vote in a particular district
dull or depressing ; not having much hope for the future
a dirty or unpleasant place
without real rest or sleep
very enthusiastic about starting to do sth
to help or encourage sth to be successful by giving it money
to surround an area , a town , etc. with a wall or walls
to stop sth by force
to succeed in reaching a particular goal , status or standard , especially by making an effort for a long time
a reason for having particular feelings or behaving in a particular way
in a different way to the way mentioned ; differently
your mind and all of your feelings
used as a friendly way of addressing sb , especially between men
a situation or a pattern of behaviour that is usual or expected
the part of a person 's character , an argument , etc. that is easy to attack or criticize
polite behaviour
the Persian Gulf , the area of sea between the Arabian peninsula and Iran
to continue in a violent way
a large orchestra that plays classical music
an extra amount of money that has to be paid , especially as a tax to the government
not believing that sth good will happen or that sth is important
tasting or smelling of lemon
the state of becoming old-fashioned and no longer useful
to make an attempt or effort to do or get sth
an easy way to gain or achieve sth that is usually very difficult to get
a person who dishonestly avoids doing sth
used to say that a criticism sb makes is surprising and not reasonable , because they have the same fault
paid , valid or calculated for one month
the range of an idea , a piece of writing , etc. that considers many different things
green vegetables
an official claim made by the police that sb has committed a crime
the ability to move or travel a round easily
not good or not as good as sb / sth else
unfortunately
a sudden inability to think clearly which causes unusual behaviour
to have ideas , words or images in your mind
a piece of music for two players or singers
completely full of sth
slightly lower than the mark / grade A , B , etc .
showing a lack of effort or care
to do sth to make your feelings or opinions known
the part of a road nearest to the middle
without a seam
to go with sb to help or protect them
a hit from the side
to rise quickly and reach a high value
a person who is going past sb / sth by chance , especially when sth unexpected happens
British Standard ( used on labels , etc. showing a number given by the British Standards Institution which controls the quality of products )
to give a performance of sth , especially one of a particular kind
the feeling of extreme pleasure and excitement that sb gets after taking some types of drugs
to give sb else the authority to represent you or do sth for you
something that makes you guess the real truth about sth / sb
a long straight part with a weight at the end that moves regularly from side to side to control the movement of a clock
an arrangement in which several people own a holiday / vacation home together and each uses it at a different time of the year
a well-known phrase or statement that expresses sth about life that most people believe is wise and true
to create a legally recognized company
a complete set of equipment for eating with ( knife , fork , spoon , glass , etc . ) for one person , arranged on a table
to severely damage sth or make sth weaker
a period when a country 's economy or a business is doing very badly
a mood created by thinking or worrying about sth and ignoring everything else
not containing mineral salts and therefore good for washing
a part of a surface that is lower than the parts around it
to go on a long and difficult journey , especially one that involves going to many different places
a serious disease in which growths of cells , also called cancers , form in the body and kill normal body cells . The disease often causes death .
very aggressive or violent ; very strong
to make a feeling , an attitude , etc. stronger
the range of products or services offered by a particular company or organization
a method or way of doing or thinking about sth
to put sth into a position so that it covers an opening ; to get into this position
the act of watching sb / sth carefully in case of possible danger or problems
aimed at producing as much food as possible using as little land or as little money as possible
not achieved or created
used instead of a particular word or phrase , to avoid repeating it
on the thing mentioned
happening in a slow and natural way , rather than suddenly
doing things quietly or secretly ; done quietly or secretly
having or showing very strong feelings , opinions or thoughts about sb / sth
to cut away unnecessary parts from sth
following a particular standard set , for example , by an industry
the part of a plane where passengers have a high level of comfort and service , designed for people travelling on business , and less expensive than first class
the abbreviation for ‘ Graphic Interchange Format ’ ( a type of computer file that contains images and is used a lot on the Internet )
a group of people available for work when needed
to give marks to students ' work
to help sth to happen more easily
to annoy sb or create problems , especially by asking for sth , demanding attention , etc .
planted in a pot
a person 's political views or beliefs
very easy to understand ; completely obvious
used to describe the relationship between mother and children that continues in a family with each generation , or sth that is based on this relationship
used in orders to get sb 's attention , give permission , etc .
if a person says or does sth ad nauseam , they say or do it again and again so that it becomes boring or annoying
a building , column , statue , etc. built to remind people of a famous person or event
likely to change suddenly
still in existence
being the only one of its kind
showing sexual desire and love towards sb
in an unpleasant or critical way
trousers
the activity of attacking a wild animal with dogs
under the thing mentioned
to think of sb in a particular way
the television
to become or to make sth less bright , rough or strong
the fact of sth being in a safe place where it will not be lost or damaged
to go beyond what is normal or allowed
to go or move in the direction mentioned
to make a series of short loud sounds when hitting against sth hard ; to make sth do this
a special type of knife for taking the skin off fruit and vegetables
material used to make the floor of a room
cool air or a cool place
the ability to control your movements well
kept or located in a country that has more generous tax laws than other places
the act of forgiving sb ; willingness to forgive sb
to sell sth in order to get money
tending to cry or complain a lot in a way that annoys people
a mild illness or disease
the date after which an official document , agreement , etc. is no longer valid , or after which sth should not be used or eaten
having a lot of trees and plants
to make sth such as a device or chemical process start working
to repeat the actions of a past event
a careful study of a subject , especially in order to discover new facts or information about it
to deal with sth quickly
used to show which person or people you mean
extremely emotional and romantic and therefore unpleasant ; too sentimental
to succeed in playing a trick on sb , committing a crime , etc .
something that prevents sb from seeing or being aware of sth , or that protects sb / sth
to leave your own country to go and live permanently in another country
kind , friendly and patient when dealing with people
to take sb / sth somewhere very quickly , especially in a vehicle
to use a telephone by pushing buttons or turning the dial to call a number
to make sb have a strong feeling
to go down below the surface or towards the bottom of a liquid or soft substance
a room or building for showing works of art , especially to the public
to get back the same amount of money that you have spent or that is owed to you
that can be obtained from the ground
not working normally or properly
the quality of being honest and having strong moral principles
to talk to or deal with sb , even though this is difficult or unpleasant
clean , neat and looking new and attractive
the technology of sending signals , images and messages over long distances by radio , telephone , television , satellite , etc .
a grey or white mass made of very small drops of water , that floats in the sky
not behaving in a reasonable , calm way , because you are worried about sth
able to be guided or steered
used when giving an example that proves sth you have just said
a word or symbol that represents an amount or a quantity
connected with the sense of touch ; using your sense of touch
not appropriate or correct in the situation
to be much higher or taller than the people or things that are near
surrounded by sth
impossible to identify
to deal with a problem successfully
in many directions in a place ; here and there
the use of objects , designs , etc. as decoration
to pay money regularly to be a member of an organization or to support a charity
in addition to an amount that is necessary , usual or legal
lasting only a short time
full of new , exciting or dangerous experiences
to make high musical sounds
the practice or skill of arguing strongly for or against sth / sb
wearing enough clothes to allow sb to see you
a thing that is a slightly different form or type of sth else
to send or bring sb back to their own country
to raise sth or put it in a higher position
to stop sleeping ; to make sb stop sleeping
to fill or use a space , an area or an amount of time
a possibility of sth happening , especially sth that you want
a picture , diagram , etc. in a book , that is referred to by a number
likely to continue or be successful for a long time
the act of interrupting sb / sth and of stopping them from speaking
to cut words or designs on wood , stone , metal , etc .
to put your foot down with force on sth
used to refuse an offer politely
not blocked by anything
one of the main things that influence sth or cause it to make progress
to find out or decide sth by thinking or considering
a sports competition , especially in swimming
a group of people , animals or things
a situation in which sb tricks you or makes it seem as if you have done sth wrong
magnetic resonance imaging ( a method of using a strong magnetic field to produce an image of the inside of a person 's body )
to become or make sth become smaller , weaker , less important , etc .
to keep sth so that it can be used later
to waste time or an opportunity
an occasion when sb / sth is collected
to put your name on the list for an exam , a race , a competition , etc ; to do this for sb
the parts of a tool or machine that are used to hold things tightly
used for ordering sb to do sth
a boxer weighing between 67 and 72.5 kilograms , heavier than a welterweight
the abbreviation for ‘ Officer of the Order of the British Empire ’ ( an award given in Britain for a special achievement )
a tax that you pay on things that you buy , especially those that you bring into a country
to agree to take part in sth
the position of ordinary soldiers rather than officers
willingness to accept an unpleasant or difficult situation
receiving or involving a lot of attention and discussion on television , in newspapers , etc .
more than sth
reminding you of sb / sth
destroyed or severely damaged so that only parts remain
to start speaking or behaving in a different way , often one that is less acceptable
to get out of bed ; to stand up
the way of writing the sound that people make when they want to say that they have done sth wrong or that they think there will be trouble
to steal sth
a continuous decrease in the number , value , quality , etc. o f sth
to run away , especially in order to escape
the punishment of being sent to prison for life ; life imprisonment
the fact of deliberately not doing what you ought to do , especially when it is part of your job
a meeting of people for a particular purpose
to deal with changes , effects , costs , etc .
used to show a day or date
any of various sweet substances that are found naturally in plants , fruit , etc .
not morally right or honest
dark bluish-grey in colour
at an angle ; joining two opposite sides of sth at an angle
to say that you no longer want to continue with an agreement , especially one that has been legally arranged
used when you are comparing two people or things , or two situations
to start an activity
a large meal , especially one that is prepared for a special occasion
a common bird that lives on or near water and has short legs , webbed feet ( = feet with thin pieces of skin between the toes ) and a wide beak . There are many types of duck , some of which are kept for their meat or eggs .
used to describe the group of people who are considered to be the most famous , successful or important
ideas in politics , science , etc. connected with a particular person , group or period of history
a person who takes part in terrorism
to fire bullets , etc .
a person who buys and sells things as a job
to copy sb 's behaviour or the way sb speaks , sings , etc , especially in order to make people laugh
never changing and therefore boring
a small dark red soft fruit that grows on bushes
that never ends or improves
during or for the night
the greatest or highest degree of sth
to try to hide unpleasant facts about sb / sth ; to try to make sth seem better than it is
a collection of modern tools and devices
using several different ways of giving information or several different materials
having the type of chest or breasts mentioned
a low continuous sound
the things such as food , medicines , fuel , etc. that are needed by a group of people , for example an army or expedition
caused by an allergy
exactly
a large area of land that has very little water and very few plants growing on it . Many deserts are covered by sand .
very serious or great in quantity
an official meeting at which the facts about a crime , complaint , etc. are presented to the person or group of people who will have to decide what action to take
to increase in value
twice the number or amount
saying unkind things about other people
the seats that are nearest to the stage in a theatre
a period of seven days , either from Monday to Sunday or from Sunday to Saturday
to give money to sb on condition that they pa y it back over a period of time and pay interest on it
the practice of not allowing yourself sth , especially food , alcoholic drinks or sex , for moral , religious or health reasons
to be very strict in opposing what sb wishes to do
noisy , exciting and / or full of activity
the most important item
a situation that suddenly becomes much worse and is not under control
used with a verb to make a statement sound less strong
a person or group of people that replaces another when they have finished working for the day or when they are sick
harm or injury that is done to sb or to their reputation
damaged or not functioning normally
the state of having or owning sth
to accept that a difficult situation exists , although you would prefer not to
a public telephone call on Skype in which many people take part in a discussion , that may be recorded and made available on the Internet
a person who has a university degree
kindness and sympathy towards other people , especially when you are judging them
causing you to look silly and to lose the respect of other people
to be destroyed gradually by natural processes ; to destroy sth in this way
to injure part of the body , especially by making a hole in the skin using a weapon
in the middle of or during sth , especially sth that causes excitement or fear
the area at either side of the body between the top of the leg and the waist ; the joint at the top of the leg
made or done through the skin
not sensible ; likely to cause difficulties in the future
far away in time
to stick out over and above sth else
to use the power of your mind to do sth or to make sth happen
a service that provides a place where you can store things and a key so that you can get them when you need them
a stroke played with the back of the hand turned in the direction towards which the ball is hit
clearly different or of a different kind
if sth such as an event or a remark rankles , it makes you feel angry or upset for a long time
extremely unpleasant and frightening and usually connected with death and violence
the soft , sensitive flesh that is under your nails
to ask people about sth in order to find out what they think about it
an area of high air pressure ; an anticyclone
forming the source or base from which everything else is made ; not able to be divided any further
a situation in which people or organizations compete with each other for sth that not everyone can have
used to refer to a person , especially a man , that you like or feel sympathy for
to breathe noisily through your nose and mouth while you are asleep
large in number or amount
that you cannot avoid or ignore
a set of movements or activities that you do to stay healthy or develop a skill
likely to become easily excited
to say that sth is true , especially in an argument
to tell a story
one of the groups of people in a society that are thought of as being at the same social or economic level
strong personal qualities such as the ability to deal with difficult or dangerous situations
likely to be affected by sth , especially sth bad
a particular activity that sb does when they are not working
to be full of a sound ; to fill a place with sound
often used in Britain in the names of schools for young people between the ages of 11 and 18
to make sth float somewhere
an idea of what sth is like or that sth is going to happen
an area of ground covered in short grass in a garden / yard or park , or used for playing a game on
to stick out beyond an edge or a surface
only a very short time before
warm , comfortable and safe , especially because of being small or confined
cruel and violent and not as expected from people who are educated and respect each other
a drug used to reduce pain and fever
a low level or point ; a low figure
to choose to believe sth good about yourself and your abilities , especially when other people do not share this opinion
very small pieces of metal , made when a larger piece of metal is filed
used when you are saying sorry about sth
to make sth point away from the centre
a situation in which a child is banned from attending school because of bad behaviour
a particular set of beliefs , especially about religion or politics
changing direction suddenly
having ideas that are the same as or different from other people 's
a substance that is used for keeping insects away from you
to feel that sth exists or is going to happen
the act of composing sth
to surprise sb and put them in a difficult position
with a traditional pattern of lines and diamond shapes made by raised stitches
a round area that covers the distance mentioned from a central point
an idea or a principle that is connected with sth abstract
fast
to be held very tightly by sb
impossible to avoid or prevent
attractive or interesting
having or showing both good and bad feelings about sb / sth
using or produced by a system that gives very clear detailed images
to cut the wool off a sheep
giving too much of sth
a small number of candidates for a job , etc , who have been chosen from all the people who applied
to say that sth is good enough to be used or is correct
to hide sth , especially sth small
to return to a situation that existed in the past ; to remember a past age
a dull sound or way of speaking in which the tone and volume remain the same and therefore seem boring
having no definite shape , form or structure
a substance that causes death or harm if it is swallowed or absorbed into the body
to put numbers or amounts together to get a total
a period of time doing sth or working somewhere
to make sb pleased by doing or giving them what they want
an act of bringing an aircraft or a spacecraft down to the ground after a journey
the practice of obeying a law , celebrating a festival or behaving according to a particular custom
that has not been finished
used with a direct object
very quickly or suddenly
am not
furthest east
a period of sleep
the fact of successfully completing the final year of school and being able to study at university or college
to be extremely strongly affected by sth
involving examining an event or a situation to find out the truth
to search for sth inside a bag , container , etc .
if an idea or feeling impels you to do sth , you feel as if you are forced to do it
to stick to sth
to aim or direct a product or service at a particular group of people
a valuable item , such as a house , that you agree to give to sb if you are unable to pay back the money that you have borrowed from them
belonging to the past ; no longer practised or fashionable
moving very quickly ; able to move very quickly
large and showing success
a strip of material worn around the wrist , as a decoration , to absorb sweat during exercise , or to show support for sth
to feel a sharp stinging pain in a part of your body
a period of study at a college or university that leads to an exam or a qualification
having no noticeable characteristics or identity
existing or measured independently and not in relation to sth else
natural ability or skill at doing sth
a light canoe in which the part where you sit is covered over
to make a knot in a piece of string , rope , etc .
the quality of being boring
a short sound , word or phrase spoken suddenly to express an emotion . Oh ! , Look out ! and Ow ! are exclamations .
firm or dry and making a pleasant noise when crushed
easily annoyed and difficult to deal with
not giving enough information
able to be represented by a straight line on a graph
to fit or make sth fit tightly around the shape of sth
having an important and lasting influence on the development of sth or of sb 's character
a fraction ( = a number less than one ) that is shown as numbers above and below a line
a process of making sb / sth , especially your enemy , weaker by repeatedly attacking them or creating problems for them
the ability to feel physically
connected with keeping places clean and healthy to live in , especially by removing human waste
immediately before the time you are talking about
to kiss each other , especially for a long time
the range or quality of information that is included in a book or course of study , on television , etc .
brightly coloured and likely to attract attention
to include sth in an official list of things
to make sure that information , figures etc. are correct by using a different method or system to check them
connected with pictures
to deal officially with a document , request , etc .
to leave a place , especially in order to do sth
to run with long steps , especially in an enthusiastic way
extremely annoying , unpleasant and difficult to bear
a street , often a narrow one with buildings on both sides
the front part of the head between the forehead and the chin
without any other people or things
trusted with private or secret information
a device or container , for example an aerosol , that you use to apply liquid in fine drops
the way that sb deals with or treats a situation , a person , an animal , etc .
used to express the fact that you are surprised , sorry , etc .
a quicker or shorter way of getting to a place
morally right and good
getting or likely to get worse as time passes
used to tell sb to be careful when doing sth
a hollow in the ground that you must get the ball into ; one of the sections of a golf course with the tee at the beginning and the hole at the end
used to refer to cruel military rule
( in writing ) dozen
giving many details and a lot of information ; paying great attention to details
to speak quickly and with difficulty , making soft spitting sounds , because you are angry or shocked
a flat hard area outside , and usually behind , a house where people can sit
the abbreviation for ‘ National Vocational Qualification ’ ( a British qualification that shows that you have reached a particular standard in the work that you do )
at any time that ; whenever
to move around in a large group
post-production work on music or on films / movies is done after recording or filming
when news or information goes out , it is announced or published
( in some places in Africa ) a sheet of corrugated iron that is used to make a roof , shelter , etc .
lasting for a week
a journey made for pleasure during which several different towns , countrie s , etc. are visited
the state of living in friendship with sb without arguing
to reach , or make sth reach , the limit at which nothing more is possible
to sit down in or use a chair , etc .
a part of an activity with which sb is concerned , especially in business
not clear or easy to understand ; using a lot of words
the care of children , especially while parents are at work
containing a lot of air
written but not pronounced
a type of bean that is white with a black spot and is grown for food
to suggest indirectly that sth unpleasant is true
( used before a name ) Reverend
to get sb 's attention
a position in which you stretch your legs flat across the floor in opposite directions with the rest of your body vertical
friendly , sometimes in a way that is not completely sincere
a long boring account of a series of events , reasons , etc .
an act of moving from one place to another or of moving sth from one place to another
a small wave on the surface of a liquid , especially water in a lake , etc .
to legally agree to give sb property or goods that are worth the same amount as the money that you have borrowed from them , if you are unable to pay the money back
the pay that you get before anything extra is added
to stop believing in or practising your religion
made of wax
having a job that involves hard physical work rather than office work , studying , etc .
to make slight changes to a machine , sy stem , etc. to improve it
used to show surprise
to interest sb very much so that they pay no attention to anything else
for that reason
a thing that helps sb in a difficult situation ; sth that saves sb 's life
gentle and kind ; not usually getting angry or violent
the flowers of the lavender plant that have been dried , used for making sheets , clothes , etc. smell nice
an amount of food for one person
enjoyment or fun
the ability to remember sth ; the act of remembering sth
the act of joining two or more things together ; the state of being joined together ; the act of two people joining together
to crush or press sth with your feet
an opinion that you form about sth after thinking about it carefully ; the act of making this opinion known to others
the art or process of deciding how sth will look , work , etc. by drawing plans , making models , etc .
not one ; not any ; not a
to give a plant a special substance to make it grow
a thick liquid that is found in rock underground
the part of some objects that is shaped like a bowl
the act of moving or taking sth away or back
a race in which the people taking part run , swim , etc. very fast over a short distance
involving people who have different abilities ; involving one person more than another
a person who has been chosen for a job or position of responsibility
to experience a series of images , events and feelings in your mind while you are asleep
made very simply of rough wood
a part of an area of activity , especially of a country 's economy
to give money to an organization , a project , etc. so that it can function
the quality of design and work shown by sth that has been made by hand
a machine that you connect to your telephone to answer your calls and record any message left by the person calling
a medical condition in which sb partly or completely loses their memory
( especially in the past , or in poorer countries ) a farmer who owns or rents a small piece of land
an extra force used when pronouncing a particular word or syllable
to prevent sb / sth from being forgotten in the future , especially by mentioning them in literature , making films / movies about them , painting them , etc .
a person who likes to make other people notice him or her
facts about many subjects that are used in a game to test people 's knowledge
( used especially in newspapers ) connected with Europe , especially the European Union
the part of a line , page or document that is empty
a powerful illegal drug , methamphetamine , that looks like small pieces of glass
likely to become angry or violent
the use of language in speech and writing in order to produce meaning ; language that is studied , usually in order to see how the different parts of a text are connected
to hide sth or change it , so that it cannot be recognized
to stay in a place and wait for sth unpleasant or boring to finish
the amount of money that people need to pay for food , clothing and somewhere to live
to put a band of a different colour or material around sth
to be located behind sth
to write all the information you are asked for on a form
a piece of cloth that is hung to cover a window
to make sb / yourself feel unhappy , anxious or annoyed
used for offering help to sb
( usually in science fiction ) to move sb / sth immediately from one place to another a distance away , using special equipment ; to be moved in this way
fairly good , but not very good
a person who does not believe that sth good will happen or that sth is important
to force sb to leave a house or land , especially when you have the legal right to do so
not having lost or been defeated
a loud cry showing that you are in pain , angry , amused , etc .
a special ability for finding or recognizing sth
a department in a company that provides technic al help to its workers or customers
going to happen soon
not aware of changing situations , and therefore of the need to react to them
the most important or successful part of sth
a climbing plant that produces grapes
an argument or discussion expressing different opinions
having a taste like that of a lemon or of fruit that is not ready to eat
a deep greenish blue in colour
not very good ; of only average standard
made to appear to exist by the use of computer software , for example on the Internet
shy , awkward or guilty feelings ; a feeling of being embarrassed
a time of training and testing when you start a new job to see if you are suitable for the work
the main printed part of a book or magazine , not the notes , pictures , etc .
to make a substance spread through an area so that the area is full of the substance
a smooth thick liquid that is made from plants , minerals , etc. and is used on the skin or hair
persons ; men , women and children
to make a liquid or other substance flow from a container in a continuous stream , especially by holding the container at an angle
the paid work that sb normally does
main ; most important ; basic
if your eyes mist or sth mists them , they fill with tears
a device or weapon that attacks or destroys sth quickly
time when a parent is allowed to be away from work to care for a child
having good luck
to begin to move
a substance that has been specially prepared for use as a medicine , cosmetic , etc .
to press sth such as snow or soil to form a thick hard mass
finished
to give out sth to people
to prevent sb from expressing their opinions in public as they want to
good at sth
a regular customer
the kindness that God shows towards the human race
a person who is very clever at doing sth ; a person or thing that seems very good or effective
a complete failure to reach agreement or settle an argument
to mark or establish the limits of sth
the amount contained in a basket
directed against a person 's character rather than their argument
not tied together ; not held in position by anything or contained in anything
going to do sth only a few moments from now or then
to cut sth into slices
of excellent quality
a cartridge in a gun that contains an explosive but no bullet
as stated or reported by sb / sth
large or important enough to have an effect or to be noticed
to cheat or trick sb who trusts you ( usually in connection with sth illegal or dishonest )
good and accurate , but not excellent
to provide evidence or information that supports a statement , theory , etc .
liking home life ; enjoying or good at cooking , cleaning the house , etc .
relating to a planet or planets
a way of acting in or dealing with a particular situation
the part of a cooker / stove shaped like a box with a door on the front , in which food is cooked or heated
a mark or spot of blood on sth
the limits that are set on what an official committee or report has been asked to do
to put clothes on sb and make them the right size and shape
with a belt around it
something that is self-regulating controls itself
to stop sb from being angry by trying to please them
to frighten or threaten sb in order to make them do sth
to feel as if a lot of small sharp points are pushing into it
a person living in a country that is not their own
used to disagree with sth negative that sb has just said
to do a scientific experiment or experiments
to brush , comb , etc. your hair in a particular direction
very close to sth / sb
to tell two or more people who have not met before what each other 's names are ; to tell sb what your name is
the material or the form that an artist , a writer or a musician uses
a person who owns land , especially a large area of land
to make sb pay too much for sth
served from a large container ( = a barrel ) rather than in a bottle
the state of not being active and having no energy or enthusiasm
to break open so that a young bird , fish , insect , etc. can come out
used to introduce the third of a list of points you want to make in a speech or piece of writing
with a lot of wind
officially secret and only available to people with special permission
to take or show sb where they should go
the ability to understand other people 's feelings
to do sth badly or make a mistake
connected with or happening in the mind
to use sth such as a skill , method , etc. for a particular purpose
dark reddish-brown in colour
to decorate cloth with a pattern of stitches usually using coloured thread
to become or make sth worse than it was before
a competition , an argument or a struggle between people or groups of people trying to win power or control
the place where sth important began
that can be exchanged for money or goods
used to emphasize that you are referring to one particular person or thing on its own
to make sb relaxed and calm
the state in which sb / sth is not well known or has been forgotten
an increase in the amount of money sb earns
to be large and / or heavy and make it difficult for sb to move
a feeling of being completely confused
special importance that is given to sth
to be connected with sb / sth ; to connect sth to sth
very large ; larger than usual
used to refer to sth that has been replaced by sth else
willing to do what other people ask
not directly connected with the particular situation you are in or the subject you are dealing with
of or affecting the two main branches of the windpipe ( called bronchial tubes ) leading to the lungs
the practice of keeping yourself and your living and working areas clean in order to prevent illness and disease
the act of choosing sb as a candidate for an election
to give sth to sb because they have done sth good , worked hard , etc .
a very strong feeling of dislike for sb / sth
to build new houses , factories , etc. on an area of land , especially land that was not being used effectively before
to happen in a particular way ; to develop or end in a particular way
something that has a bad effect on a situation , a person 's life or the environment
the physical features of an area of land , especially the position of its rivers , mountains , etc ; the study of these features
supporting the separation of people according to their sex , race or religion
fairly large
to allow sb to win , have or take control of sth that has been yours until now
to stop yourself from saying or doing sth or from showing a particular emotion
used to describe actions and behaviour that you do not tell other people about
a piece of recorded music , usually popular music , that consists of one song ; a CD that a single is recorded on
carried through the air
to arrange and settle an agreement with sb formally and finally
am not / is not / are not
a game of baseball
to remove things that you do not use so that you have more space and can easily find things when you need them
used after a measurement of distance to show how wide sth is
calm ; not excited , angry or emotional
that you can spray onto sth / sb from a special container
a public official who charges sb officially with a crime and prosecutes them in court
to fail completely , usually causing embarrassment
a female animal
to experience or be affected by sth
neither the best nor the worst that is available
a plant grown for its grain that is used to produce the flour for bread , cakes , pasta , etc ; the grain of this plant
having the colour of smoke or ashes
separate capital letters
to force your way somewhere ; to force sth somewhere
except sth
to leave sb , especially sb you are responsible for , with no intention of returning
the power or process of thinking
the quality of being large and empty , allowing you to move freely
considered according to its position or connection with sth else
brave ; willing to do dangerous or unusual things ; involving danger or taking risks
to or in the south of a country
of very good quality ; better than other similar things
the act of taking goods , letters , etc. to the people they have been sent to
used in adjectives to state the number or type of sides
a public or religious occasion that includes a series of formal or traditional actions
to add alcohol , poison or a drug to sb 's drink or food without them kn owing
to make the sound of water flowing over rocks , like a stream
to get back to a place that you have left
the skin of a dead animal with or without its fur , used for making leather , etc .
to make it seem as if sb has done sth wrong or illegal
a group of people or a system that protects a way of life or a belief when it seems that it may disappear
a part of the body , usually one that has a particular character or problem
showing kindness ; making you feel relaxed and as though you are among friends
an important position where sb / sth can easily get people 's attention
with no particular activities ; free
a paper tube wrapped around sweets / candy , etc .
basic ; very important
a special ability to know sth without using any of the five senses that include sight , touch , etc .
connected with the meaning of words and sentences
the process of learning sth by repeating it until you remember it rather than by understanding the meaning of it
to get into , or to put sb / sth into , a warm comfortable position , especially close to sb
a person or thing that is strange or unusual
the process of giving certificates for a course of education
a noticeable spot or area of colour on the body of a person or an animal which helps you to recognize them
a person , a country or an organization that has signed an official agreement
a building for keeping one or more cars or other vehicles in
that can be turned inside out and worn or used with either side showing
to hear , especially by accident , a conversation in which you are not involved
a line on a person 's head where the hair is divided with a comb
belonging to one person or group ; not shared
forming the whole or part of sth / sb ; contained within sth / sb
sold at a reduced price
behaving in a way that shows that you want to keep sth secret and do not want to be noticed
all the past achievements , successes or failures of a person or an organization
to record the cost of sth as an amount that sb has to pay
following in order of time or place
to control and have authority over a country , a group of people , etc .
the amount of sth that sth provides ; the amount or way that sth covers an area
( in the US ) a police officer who walks or drives around an area to make sure that there is no trouble or crime
to satisfy a particular desire , interest , etc .
an act of hitting the ball in order to start playing ; the way that you hit it
an argument or fight
to break a religious or moral law
to pay money to borrow sth for a short time
an injury to a part of your body , such as a muscle , that is caused by using it too much or by twisting it
to shake or to make sth shake violently
in a way that uses no more of sth than is necessary
being the first of a series
existing or spreading everywhere in a way that cannot be controlled
to go out ; to leave a building , stage , vehicle , etc .
likely to suffer or do the thing mentioned
used to refer to a particular person , thing or event that is close to you , especially compared with another
strong or deep ; very beautiful or pleasing
to accept sth as true or existing and act on that basis , before it has been proved to be true
unfriendly and impatient
to keep sb and not allow them to leave
a thing that a person really needs or enjoys
not closely related
connected with your physical senses
prepared in order to show the usual way of doing sth or to provide a standard method
not real , although seeming to be
to remove a layer from sth , especially so that it is completely exposed
the state of feeling pleasure when sth goes well for you or when your desires are satisfied ; sth that gives you pleasure
the process of showing , proving or recognizing who or what sb / sth is
that makes you worry
to shine brightly with a particular emotion , usually a strong one
to have too many people in it
the fact of behaving according to a particular rule , etc , or of following a particular set of beliefs , or a fixed way of doing sth
not easily made angry or upset
to take in a liquid , gas or other substance from the surface or space around
using words that are clever , but are not sincere , and do not show much thought
a thing that is used as a model for producing other similar examples
to state that sth will or must happen
to place food on a hook , in a trap , etc. in order to attract or catch an animal
very unpleasant ; very bad
to make a person or an animal move more quickly and / or in a particular direction , especially by pushing or forcing them
a thin stick that bends easily
to give sth a fixed structure or form by introducing rules
seeming to be everywhere or in several places at the same time ; very common
resulting in sth or causing sth
a famous and excellent singer , performer , sports player , etc .
false , although seeming to be genuine
to rest while you are doing sth enjoyable , especially after work or effort
meat from a goose
forming part of , or typical of , any of the seven main land masses of the earth
to defeat sb / sth ; to be successful
to fill or spread over an area quickly , especially in large numbers
an effort to do sth or to obtain sth
the basic or most important details of an issue or a situation
a place where things are bought and sold
a situation in which two or more things are not the same size or are not treated the same , in a way that is unfair or causes problems
a piece of ice used to keep food and drinks cold
having no value or useful qualities
to joke with sb
a metal container used for cooking food in
to distinguish one thing or person from another
to hit sth , especi ally a part of the body , against sth by accident
the act of choosing a person for a job or position of responsibility ; the fact of being chosen for a job , etc .
to let sth fall ; to drop sth
to set the speed at which sth happens or develops
quickly
a unit used for stating the size , quantity or degree of sth ; a system or a scale of these units
a piece of music or song on a record , tape or CD
very strong emotion , especially anger or enthusiasm
not changed in any way
the top part of your legs that forms a flat surface when you are sitting down
to stop doing , using or eating sth
a person , an organization or a country that is used to pass things or information to other people or places
covered in blood
having a normal healthy mind ; not mentally ill
to watch a game , television programme , performance , etc .
a person who pays rent for the use of a room , building , land , etc. to the person who owns it
the form of a language that is spoken in one area with grammar , words and pronunciation that may be different from other forms of the same language
to form a wrong opinion about a person or situation , especially in a way that makes you deal with them or it unfairly
calm and peaceful
an amount of sth that is kept secretly
a situation , number or quantity that can vary or be varied
to curve in a particular direction
all but dissertation ( having completed all the work for a higher degree except the dissertation )
a large moving mass of fire or water
the belief that sb / sth is good , sincere , honest , etc. and will not try to harm or trick you
having the second-highest military rank , and wearing a uniform that has four stars on it
to feel bitter or angry about sth , especially because you feel it is unfair
a telephone connection ; a particular telephone number
a student studying a particular subject as the main part of their course
a thing or person that is random is strange and does not make sense , often in a way that amuses or interests you
a collection of cells that form the different parts of humans , animals and plants
a natural ability to learn or do sth easily
to show sb / sth in a photograph or picture
a person who has come to live permanently in a country that is not their own
used to show that sth happened or is true although sth else might have happened to prevent it
to talk about sb / sth in a way that makes it clear that you think they are stupid or ridiculous
doing sth regularly ; functioning
to move quickly , especially with difficulty , using your hands to help you
a person who works in an office , working for another person , dealing with letters and telephone calls , typing , keeping records , arranging meetings with people , etc .
floating , able to float or able to keep things floating
the edge or outline of s th that you see against a background
making you unable to think clearly
that can be edited by the user
a book that explains the words that are used in a particular subject
involved in sth ; making a determined effort and not leaving sth to happen by itself
a liquid in which sth is dissolved
considered very good and worth having
if sth perplexes you , it makes you confused or worried because you do not understand it
a narrow line of light , heat or other energy
a long and complicated process that is annoying and seems unnecessary
to say that sth is not true or fair
to get back sth / sb that was lost after searching for it / them
a small quantity of food or drink that you try in order to see what it is like
using only black , white and shades of grey
extremely sad or disappointed
any very light delicate material
all the people or animals competing in a particular sports event
to send sb away or allow them to leave
an invitation
the period that includes Christmas Day and the days close to it
a person who is in charge of an institution
used to refer in a general way to a person or thing , especially for emphasis
not sweet
a thing that is not real or possible to obtain
a strong feeling of pleasure , excitement or achievement
to not understand or judge sb / sth correctly
completely flat and even , without any lumps , holes or rough areas
to write sth quickly and carelessly , especially because you do not have much time
to allow sb / sth to be or go first
worked by air under pressure
a large group of noisy people who are or may become violent
a period of not speaking and being bad-tempered because you are angry about sth
the ability to see
in agreement with sth ; not contradicting sth
to make sb interested and excited about sth
to say unpleasant things about sb
that you are trying to achieve or reach
the sport or activity of travelling down a river on a raft
to take control of a situation and influence the way in which it develops
the process of producing and selling tickets
the act of starting a new institution or organization
to show or tell sth about yourself to other people
very relaxed
to add things to sth to make it look or sound better , especially by making it more individual
worried or frightened that sth unpleasant may happen
to replace sth that has been lost ; to compensate for sth
the belief or feeling that we have no control over what happens to us
a word used at the end of prayers and hymns , meaning ‘ may it be so ’
to present a proposal , some information , etc. to sb for them to think about and decide on
used to address sb in a friendly way
a cell that is produced by the sex organs of a male and that can combine with a female egg to produce young
the chances of being successful
not as important as the main aim , part , etc. of sth
used to emphasize sth , especially your anger , surprise or agreement with sth
all the time ; repeatedly
used to show that two things are attached or connected
a British coin worth 20 pence
the symbol ( + ) , used in mathematics
the form in which a book is published
to give money , a present , etc. to sb / sth
to burn sth until it is completely destroyed
an act of boycotting sb / sth
very ; very well
the front of a building , especially when this faces a road or river
not strong or bright
to present a new product or advertising campaign to the market
used when the time when sth happens is not important
written information and details about a property , business , job , etc .
if your heart knocks , it beats hard ; if your knees knock , they shake , for example from fear
in an untidy way that lacks any order
to make a situation worse or more difficult to deal with
a person who owns or manages a plantation in a tropical country
a new problem or illness that makes treatment of a previous one more complicated or difficult
a change of place or position
to annoy sb , especially by asking them sth many times
calm and peaceful , with very little movement
expressing deep feelings , especially feelings of sadness or love
twisted together in an untidy way
connected to and changing according to the amount of money that you earn
a person rather than an animal or a machine
to consider or treat sb / sth as a serious opponent , problem , etc .
a piece of material that covers sth
to produce new plants from a parent plant
for example
having insurance
a situation in which people behave violently in a public place
quiet and easy to control
an empty space on a printed form or document for you to write answers , information , etc. in
connected with sports
going beyond the limits of human knowledge , experience or reason , especially in a religious or spiritual way
belonging to a class of nouns , pronouns or adjectives that have feminine gender not masculine or neuter
saying or doing things that are likely to annoy or to upset other people
thick and heavy
a piece of land that is a protected area for animals , plants , etc .
not taken care of
to gain , win or achieve sth
a word or statement saying sorry for sth that has been done wrong or that causes a problem
to tell sb what to do , especially in an annoying way
the colour of fresh snow or of milk
a story that is not true about sb that is intended to damage their reputation , especially in politics
connected with the way children behave towards their parents
that can be understood in more than one way ; having different meanings
to ask for sth to be returned , often because there is sth wrong with it
a strong feeling that you understand sb / sth and like them or it
feelings of pain and unhappiness
in the presence of sb who is listening , watching , etc .
feeling ill / sick because you are travelling in a car
to succeed in getting sth quickly , often before other people
a part of a newspaper or magazine which appears regularly and deals with a particular subject or is written by a particular writer
the wish or tendency to behave or play in a way that causes trouble
a willingness to allow sth that you do not like or agree with to happen or continue
having or using special powers to make impossible things happen or seem to happen
a series of living creatures in which each type of creature feeds on the one below it in the series
extremely ( usually used about positive qualities )
based on syllables
that has been used , so that it cannot be used again
decorated with designs of wood , metal , etc. that are set into the surface
the act of keeping sth in good condition by checking or repairing it regularly
skilfully and well
of or using a scale of temperature in which water freezes at 32 ° and boils at 212 °
a society , its culture and its way of life during a particular period of time or in a particular part of the world
a type of cloth with threads in it that are not of an even colour
a line , route , or journey around a place
making you feel embarrassed
that can be found out or calculated
a consonant that is pronounced with the breath passing through the throat , so that the sound can be continued . / f / , / l / and / m / are examples of continuants .
making you feel less worried or uncertain about sth
to be suitable or be enough for sb / sth
connected with the planet Earth
a note in a book that tells you where a particular piece of information comes from
a warning of danger or of a problem
to make a request or tell sb to do sth by using a sign , especially a hand movement
used after the name of a note to show that the note is neither sharp nor flat . The written symbol is ( ♮ ) .
to lose your interest in or enthusiasm for sth
a member of a group of violent criminals
a piece of equipment that artificially creates a particular set of conditions in order to train sb to deal with a situation that they may experience in reality
to spoil sth because you do not do it very well
to fasten a belt around sth
done or happening often
the activity or process of expressing ideas and feelings or of giving people information
trying too hard to please sb , especially sb who is important
to view or consider sth in a particular way
a short period of time between the parts of a play , film / movie , etc .
an object
a person who accepts and deals with a situation as it really is and does not try to pretend that it is different
something that you believe , especially as part of your religion
the best , most interesting or most exciting part of sth
the lowest position in a class , on a list , etc ; a person , team , etc. that is in this position
obeying the law too strictly
to officially make sb leave a school or an organization
the activities that are done in order to plan , organize and run a business , school or other institution
to be or hold sth steady in a particular position , especially above sth else
to allow fresh air to enter and move around a room , building , etc .
to shape a soft substance into a particular form or object by pressing it or by putting it into a mold
done or taken without payment
healthy or strong
having some special training or qualifications , but less than skilled people
used to show the person or thing that receives sth
help or support
the customs and beliefs , art , way of life and social organization of a particular country or group
to shout loudly
to be a sign that sth will be successful or not successful in the future
a position in a competition or an event
to stop resisting sth / sb ; to agree to do sth that you do not want to do
a frozen surface that people skate on
done or shared by all members of a group of people ; involving a whole group or society
to stop considering sth ; to forget sth
the good / bad effect of doing a particular thing , being in a particular place , etc .
enjoyment ; pleasure ; a thing that gives enjoyment or pleasure and makes you feel happy
an area or a region of the world , a country , a town , etc .
a long line of vehicles on a road that cannot move or that can only move very slowly
the unit of money in the UK , worth 100 pence
a man who hates women
to give or get official approval for sth to be done
to continue doing sth ; to do sth repeatedly
the things that sb requires in order to live in a comfortable way or achieve what they want
a piece of sth with straight sides
an act of understanding sth
given to a person as a sign of honour and respect , without their having to take an exam
quiet and calm ; not worried or disturbed in any way
to be a sign of sth
to move or make sb / sth move with short quick movements from side to side or up and down
dull ; lacking interest or enthusiasm
to find and get back data or information that has been stored in the memory of a computer
a group of people who have the power to make and change laws
to make sb unable to breathe easily for a short time
to survive after a serious illness or accident ; to deal successfully with a difficult experience
not causing very many problems or changes , especially in the environment
the act of moving into a country , town , etc. and taking control of it using military force ; the period of time during which a country , town , etc. is controlled in this way
to crush or twist sth so that it is badly damaged
a large area of sea that is partly surrounded by land
that you receive from property or other sources but do not have to earn
a rude way to describe a person that you think is very stupid
something to which too much importance or attention is given
a series of moving pictures recorded with sound that tells a story , shown on television or at the cinema / movie theater
a decorative twist in a pat tern , piece of music , etc .
not kind or pleasant to sb
to talk in an indirect way about sth that you think you might do
where there is little or no sound ; making little or no sound
used after an expression of time to mean ‘ at which ’ or ‘ on which ’
until disappearing completely
an event or a situation that makes everyone equal whatever their age , importance , etc .
the formal social , political , etc. situation from which a society or person grows and develops
the meaning of sth
used to encourage sb to do sth
the pleasant way in which a person 's voice rises and falls
the activity of making musical sounds with your voice
an act of throwing a coin in the air in order to decide sth
the smallest unit , consisting of a group of atoms , into which a substance can be divided without a change in its chemical nature
to cause sb 's death
making you feel confused because there are too many things to choose from or because sth is difficult to understand
to wait in a line of people , vehicles , etc. in order to do sth , get sth or go somewhere
to make sth holy by saying a prayer over it
to need a great amount of physical or mental effort
in a way that makes you feel uncomfortable or anxious
to move through a place in an unpleasant or threatening way
printed in a book , newspaper , etc .
used to describe literature , music or art , especially of the 19th century , that is concerned with strong feelings , imagination and a return to nature , rather than reason , order and intellectual ideas
the fact of giving advice or help that takes away a person 's fears or doubts
used to describe a person who hoped to follow a particular career but who failed in it or never tried it
to destroy or damage the surface of sth
to be born again in another body after you have died ; to make sb be born again in this way
relating to or involving the kidneys
an area of ground covered with grass
a sudden increase of a strong feeling
to take or hold sb / sth with your hand suddenly , firmly or roughly
a person who is chosen by a court to be in charge of a company that is bankrupt
to make sb feel upset , confused , or surprised
any other human
to decide which thing or person you want out of the ones that are available
ready and willing to fight or argue
to learn a lot of things in a short time , in preparation for an exam
making products specially , according to the needs of an individual customer
a soft black or brown substance formed from decaying plants just under the surface of the ground , especially in cool wet areas . It is burned as a fuel or used to improve garden soil .
to have an important influence on the way that sb / sth develops
in the end ; finally
very quickly
an act performed by a machine , especially a computer
to be or go around the edge of sth
to be very different and opposed to each other
away from a place ; out
to sell goods and replace them
a system of laws or written rules that state how people in an institution or a country should behave
to form an opinion about sth even though you do not have much information on it
music in the traditional style of a country or community
to make sth bad happen to sb
to lend a valuable object to a museum , etc .
taking part in sth ; being part of sth or connected with sth
to enjoy a feeling or an experience thoroughly
not involving much work ; too easy and comfortable
to take the place of sb / sth
( used as part of a telephone number ) extension
to work very well
fixed and definite
a mark made by moving a pen , brush , etc. once across a surface
happening too soon or sooner than is normal or expected
too much ; unreasonable
a short high sound made by a car horn or a whistle
a group of writers , artists , etc. whose style of work or opinions have been influenced by the same person or ideas
a quiet expression of feeling
the act of causing sb severe pain in order to punish them or make them say or do sth
a very stupid act , remark , etc .
an opinion or idea that sb believes is true but that is not proved
the amount that the front wheels can be turned in one direction or the other in order to turn the vehicle
to prevent sb from being with sb else
a band or singer who performs in a pop or rock concert before the main performer
to make sb feel sorry for sth they have done
a room where radio or television programmes are recorded and broadcast from , or where music is recorded
very rich
a limit on what sb / sth can do or how good they or it can be
a special building made to hold the dead body of an important person or the dead bodies of a family
to do a test / check on sth
a mild swear word , used instead of damn
thin and easily torn
another ; in addition to one that you already own or use
a noisy and violent fight involving a group of people , usually in a public place
the act of fixing equipment or furniture in position so that it can be used
an adjective or phrase that is used to describe sb / sth 's character or most important quality , especially in order to give praise or criticism
to form or to make sth form small folds or lines
the creating of sth from ideas , opinions and knowledge
a plan of action or a way of achieving sth
a substance similar to tar that is formed by burning tobacco
an action of joining or combining two things
very tall and having a lot of floors
a game , etc. that you have to think about carefully in order to answer it or do it
absent without leave ( used especially in the armed forces when sb has left their group without permission )
a type of fuel oil that is made from petroleum and that is used in the engines of planes and for heat and light . In British English it is usually called paraffin when it is used for heat and light .
a word that has the same origin as another
a machine that sends and receives documents in an electronic form along telephone wires and then prints them
in or into a position covering , touching or forming part of a surface
caught with a hook , not in a net
very well designed and easy to use so that it cannot fail and you cannot use it wrongly
a rude way of addressing a female person in an angry or important way
to deal with sth with a lot of energy and determination
strictly following a theory in all circumstances , even if there are practical problems or disagreement
a person who dances or whose job is dancing
7th
finely chopped fish , vegetables , nuts , etc. made into flat round shapes like hamburgers
an actor who performs badly , especially by exaggerating emotions
to offer to pay a particular price for sth , especially at an auction
to give cards to each player in a game of cards
something that sb says or a sound that sb makes
to cover the roof of a building with thatch
apples baked in a dish with pastry on the bottom , sides and top
not interested in sth
all of sth , especially whe n you think that it is not very much
very unhappy or uncomfortable
to drink alcohol , especially in large amounts
to make sb very angry
the activity of competing in an aggressive way with another group , company , etc .
to give a degree , diploma , etc. to sb
powerful and very dangerous rays that are sent out from radioactive substances
to have as a usual or correct position ; to be placed
to attach an animal to sth with a rope , chain , etc .
a range or variety of sth
a person who operates the controls of an aircraft , especially as a job
judged from written information only , but not proved in practice
to allow sb / sth to go somewhere
made to last longer than the ordinary type
the fact of being similar to another person or thing , especially in appearance ; an example of this
full of the thing mentioned
showing determination ; not giving up easily
having a strong effect on your mind or body
a style in painting developed in France in the late 19th century that uses colour to show the effects of light on things and to suggest atmosphere rather than showing exact details
a complicated system of roads , lines , tubes , nerves , etc. that cross each other and are connected to each other
that can be washed without being damaged
for a long time
a thick sweet liquid made with orange juice and sugar ; a drink made from this with water added
to force or push sth out of sth ; to be forced or pushed in this way
one of the two periods that the school or college year is divided into
to get out of a container , especially through a hole or crack
to be making good progress
a strong wish to have or do sth
if the price of sth , the temperature , etc. goes up , it becomes higher
sexual power in men
to say exactly what an illness or the cause of a problem is
one of the parts that sth is made of
to get to a higher position or rank by going past sb else or by missing out some stages
a large bird of prey ( = a bird that kills other creatures for food ) with a sharp curved beak and very good sight
connected with the Mediterranean Sea or the countries and regions that surround it ; typical of this area
an action or a remark that shows that a person is je alous
to admit that you have lost a game , an election , etc .
the period in your life when you go to school
a printed record of money paid , received , etc .
the form of an adjective or adverb that expresses more in amount , degree or quality
to make progress in the way or direction mentioned
to begin doing sth suddenly
not expressed directly or clearly because you do not want your meaning to be obvious
supporting or connected with secession
the process of preparing food
to have sth as a result or a likely result
in a way that is the opposite or reverse of sth
an opening that allows air , gas or liquid to pass out of or into a room , building , container , etc .
a place where people come to worship because it is connected with a holy person or event
never stopping
able to begin burning easily
pleasantly hard and dry
not completely necessary
designed to reflect a particular subject or period of history
a person who tries to stop people arguing or fighting
bread that is sold already cut into slices
a person or thing that you treat like a toy , without really caring about them or it
to help to show that sth is true
liking literature very much ; studying or writing literature
an opportunity to sell a particular produc t to a particular group of people
the space directly around where you are standing or sitting
my home
the next day ; tomorrow
not wearing any clothes
to pull sth hard , often several times
a position you take to defend yourself , especially in a sport such as boxing or fencing
to give yourself the courage or strength to do sth
to stay at a steady level of development or progress after a period of sharp rises or falls
a formal rule of an organization or institution
the state of having lost a relative or close friend because they have died
a building or room in which members of the armed forces have their meals
to destroy sth slowly , especially by chemical action ; to be destroyed in this way
a person who starts using a new technology
to press buttons or keys on a computer , telephone , etc. in order to operate it
a sudden loud noise that is caused by emotion or excitement
a drug or substance that makes you feel more awake and gives you more energy
a business or company
black like ink
a way of expressing ideas and feelings
a person who is in charge of the practical and financial aspects of making a film / movie or a play
a spoken or written description of sth containing information that sb needs to have
an amount of money that is paid regularly to sb , especially a priest , as wages or money to live on
seeming to notice things about another person that would not normally be noticed , especially in a way that makes that person feel anxious or embarrassed
a large impressive house
to show sth clearly by giving proof or evidence
extremely good at sth
not controlled or limited in any way
feeling or showing surprise
physically or mentally ill
to make sb nervous and / or confused , especially by giving them a lot to do or by making them hurry
to take money from a person or bank and agree to pay it back to them at a later time
the process and work of building
a region or an area of a place ( sometimes used for one that is far away or difficult to reach )
a state of being very angry
to add a drug to sb 's food or drink to make them unconscious or sleepy
fast continuous talk by sb who is trying to sell you sth or entertain you
feeling or showing horror or disgust at sth unpleasant or wrong
to film / record / paint , etc. sb / sth
having an ability that you were born with
the process of learning the skills that you need to do a job
to control or use sth in a skilful way
the feeling of extreme pleasure and excitement that sb gets from doing sth enjoyable or being successful at sth
a person whose job is to make sure there is a good relationship between two groups or organizations
the way that sth is done or happens
to make sth , especially a feeling , less strong
to be accepted , especially after a struggle or an argument
to feel that you cannot trust or believe sb / sth
a process for producing copies of letters , documents , etc. using a special machine ; a copy made using this process
to bring things together that have been spread around
the act of teaching sth , especially to one person or to people in small groups
to share sth out among people in a different way
used to ask if sb managed well or was successful in a particular situation
to build sth or place sth somewhere
a group of people who have power to make decisions and control a company or other organization
connected with being a mother
a combination of words in a language , that happens very often and more frequently than would happen by chance
a mark or an object formed by two lines crossing each other ( X or + ) ; the mark ( X ) is often used on paper to show sth
a thing that is useful or has a useful quality
if a shop / store , bank , business , etc. is open , it is ready for business and will admit customers or visitors
to produce saliva
a person or thing from the past that a person , animal or plant that is alive now is related to
a simple musical instrument that consists of a curved metal tube that you blow into
with the official permission of sb / sth and as a favour
a small raised red spot on the skin
with a name that is not known or that is not made public
having a lot of space to put things in
used to describe a state in which things are strange and mysterious , or where things are kept secret and do not seem to be part of the real world
the crime of cheating sb in order to get money or goods illegally
a government department that provides a particular service
feeling or causing sexual excitement
with branches that hang downwards
to move quickly and / or smoothly , especially in a way that impresses or is intended to impress other people
to move or to do sth with great speed , often too fast
starting to lose the hair on your head
to make sth clearer by explaining it more fully
about people and events in the past
a machine for producing electricity
to turn your eyes , etc. away from sth that you do not want to see
in relation to
to become very popular or successful in a place
an official order given by a court which demands that sth must or must not be done
to be next to sth
a written or printed sign representing a sound used in speech
a person who travels in a plane as a passenger
to ask sb for some information
connected with marriage
to be successful in your job , earning money , power , respect , etc .
a sudden strong increase in the amount and speed of wind that is blowing
to make an illness or a bad or unpleasant situation worse
used to refer to a particular time in the past or future
Jesus Christ as the second member of the Trinity
the beliefs or views of a group of people
the department of a newspaper office or a radio or television station where news is received and prepared for printing or broadcasting
a glass , bottle or can of beer
the part of an egg that surrounds the yolk ( = the yellow part )
a way of talking about sb who comes from a particular place , etc .
larger than normal , especially as a result of a disease or an injury
a period of time , either long or short , during which you do sth or sth happens
to prevent sb / sth from entering a place
always happening as a result of a particular action or situation
average or normal rather than having special or unusual features
an act of turning sb / sth around
a thing such as a bath / bathtub or a toilet that is fixed in a house and that you do not take with you when you move house
being part of the beliefs , customs or way of life of a particular group of people , that have not changed for a long time
a gentle friendly touch with your open hand or with a flat object
the day after today
a country that is next to or near another country
a thin layer of a liquid , especially paint , that is put on a surface
the round or curved part of an object
a group of people chosen to give advice , make rules , do research , provide money , etc .
the state of being alone and not watched or disturbed by other people
in or into a level or vertical position ; in or into the correct position
the state of having illegal drugs or weapons with you at a particular time
a person who says what is expected to happen , especially sb whose job is to forecast the weather
a small earthquake in which the ground shakes slightly
what you can see from a particular place or position , especially beautiful countryside
the act of moving up or of reaching a high position
a way of speaking English by educated people from London which copies the words and sounds of cockney speech ( = a way of speaking typical of the East End of London )
a sign that a system , society , etc. is very bad or very wrong
the theory that living things evolve by natural selection , developed by Charles Darwin in the 19th century
an official record of events during a particular period of time , especially a journey on a ship or plane
unlikely to succeed , come true , etc .
to catch or take hold of sb , especially in order to harm or punish them
to tell sb that sth is definitely true or is definitely going to happen , especially when they have doubts about it
the act of certifying sth
to turn or slide suddenly in another direction ; to make a vehicle do this
hard work
a soldier whose job is to guard sth
to add up to sth ; to make sth as a total
to make sth by twisting flowers , pieces of wood , etc. together
more than two but not very many
a long thin mark on the ground to show the limit or border of sth , especially of a playing area in some sports
determined to succeed in a difficult situation , even if this means using force or upsetting other people
a public road in a city or town that has houses and buildings on one side or both sides
a person who is strongly influenced by the ideas and attitudes of a particular time or person
a creature from another world
used as a polite way of addressing a woman
substances used especially by women to make their faces look more attractive , or used by actors to change their appearance
an ending of the period of time when an official document can be used , or when an agreement is valid
the pleasant state of feeling lazy and without energy
the state of being blocked
willing to do things that will help other people in society
hanging or falling loosely ; not hard and stiff
to try to prevent sth or to prevent sb from doing sth , especially by making it difficult to do or by showing that you do not approve of it
a way of life , an attitude , an idea , etc. that has become very popular
formal discussion between people who are trying to reach an agreement
having the ends joined together so it forms one piece
a piece of cloth that is hung up as a screen in a room or around a bed , for example
a law that is passed by a parliament , council , etc. and formally written down
to imagine that you are doing sth that you would like to do , or that sth that you would like to happen is happening , even though this is very unlikely
tasting or smelling like smoke
a large party or celebration
things that you throw away because you no longer want or need them
not being used
to take an organ , skin , etc. from one person , animal , part of the body , etc. and put it into or onto another
aggressive and violent ; causing great harm
involving a lot of activity , argument or strong feelings
getting a lot of wind
to officially become a student at a university
to ban or prevent sb from doing sth
to become red , especially because you are embarrassed , angry or hot
an act of pushing sth with your hand or with a tool that you are holding
the form of I that is used when the speaker or writer is the object of a verb or preposition , or after the verb be
to use a tool , especially in a skilful way
to make a sudden , unsteady movement forward or sideways
happening without the person concerned wanting it to
a work of art , piece of writing , etc. that is created by deliberately copying the style of sb / sth else
the time sb spends in the armed forces
using a system of receiving and sending information as a series of the numbers one and zero , showing that an electronic signal is there or is not there
a thing that protects sb / sth against sth
the future
to disagree strongly
to stop having sth , especially when this happens unwillingly
a sudden loud noise
pleasant to listen to , like music
a mass of cloud , snow , etc , especially one formed by the wind
an urgent request for help
a large area of land , usually without exact limits or borders
to start happening ; to make sth start happening
a short trip that you make when you want or need sth
making you feel serious and think carefully
used to say when sth happens
morally good ; having a good moral influence
a movement away from a place or an enemy because of danger or defeat
without wind
in a firm and strong way
to score points by hitting a ball
the last secondary school exam in France and other countries , and in some international schools
the quality of being average or not very good
to reduce the number of people living in a place
to give particular importance to sth
a strong feeling of wanting sth / sb
suddenly or quickly
the lines along the two long sides of a sports field , tennis court , etc. that mark the outer edges ; the area just outside these
to get rid of the last few people who continue to oppose you , especially by capturing or killing them
difficult to do , understand or answer
to put sth in liquid for a time so that it becomes completely wet ; to become completely wet in this way
given or done as a gift or favour , not because there is a legal duty to do it
a movement in which sth rises or is lifted up
to move from place to place or from person to person
the fact of sth happening or existing
having a rough surface
thick
a judgement that you make without having the exact details or figures about the size , amount , cost , etc. of sth
to come to an end ; to bring sth to an end
material in the form of a duct or ducts
how far or well you can see , especially as affected by the light or the weather
located in or passing through the middle
to make a formal request to a court or to sb in authority for a judgement or a decision to be changed
a wonderful and surprising person or thing
not using the public supplies of electricity , gas , water , etc .
used to say that sth is facing sb in the future
a long jacket divided at the back below the waist into two pieces that become narrower at the bottom , worn by men at very formal events
something that is difficult to measure or estimate
a traditional type of taxi in London and some other British cities . Its driver is licensed by the city to stop and pick up passengers in the street .
to present sb / sth / yourself to other people in a particular way , especially one that giv es a good impression
the position a fullback plays at
the process of cutting open a part of a person 's body in order to remove or repair a damaged part
a task or duty
too important to be without
a quantity of goods that are sent or delivered somewhere
used to emphasize your opinion or say that you agree very strongly
a tube of coloured paper that makes a loud explosive sound when it is pulled open by two people . Crackers usually contain a paper hat , a small present and a joke , and are used in Britain at Christmas parties and meals .
to spread a piece of news widely
not receiving the thanks or praise that is deserved
to sit on and control a bicycle , motorcycle , etc .
the activities involved in protecting a country , building or person against attack , danger , etc .
an act of applying liquid to sth in very small drops
a very noisy and busy activity or situation
to cause sb difficulties or problems
the way that a society , the world , etc. is arranged , with its system of rules and customs
unfair or unreasonable
to change the time , date or place of an event
used in place of a rude word that the speaker does not want to say
involving all political parties
to burst , or make sth burst , with a short explosive sound
connected with the front part of the head
used to show that a comment or fact is connected with what you have just said
because of sb ; for sb
to officially state that sb is not responsible for sth that they have been blamed for
to be a judge in a competition
not pleasing or attractive to look at
to cover sth with lather
receiving or involving very little attention
when a bank debits an account , it takes money from it
to move or to make sb / sth move suddenly and roughly
full of excitement ; making people excited
used when speaking to the judge in court
the moral ideas and attitudes that belong to a particular group or society
extremely ( in a way that other people feel jealous of )
a place that is empty
the state of lacking a good quality or feature
a word or group of words in a sentence that behaves in the same way as a noun , that is as a subject , an object , a complement , or as the object of a preposition
a number used to identify sth or communicate by telephone , fax , etc .
to develop in a successful way
the form of a verb that states a fact
to make sb lose hope or confidence
the position of winning a sports competition
a word or phrase that is easy to remember , used for example by a political party or in advertising to attract people 's attention or to suggest an idea quickly
to think that sb / sth will win or be successful at sth , especially in a race
used to say that a thing is similar to sth else but lacks many of its serious or important qualities
connected with the Devil and with what is bad in the world
the right to decide whether to accept or refuse sth before it is offered to others
carefully planned to get what you want
in an unpleasant situation or place that you cannot escape from
not having much money
to be different from sb / sth
not unusual or different in any way
information about sb / sth , especially details that are not generally known
a longer way in the past or the future
all the money and property that a person owns , especially everything that is left when they die
to carry sth that is large , heavy or awkward in your hands
containing a lot of fat , butter , eggs , etc. and making you feel full quickly
to move sb from one group or position to another ; to remove sb from a group
true in such an obvious way that you do not need to prove it
one of the steps in a set of stairs
without a husband , wife or partner to share the care of children
a relationship between two organizations or different departments in an organization , involving the exchange of information or ideas
the practice of using ideas , designs , etc. from the past
able to use sth or deal with people well
one of the separate institutions that some British universities , such as Oxford and Cambridge , are divided into
to obtain an official document or service
used when you travel
connected with religion
the version of a magazine , etc. published on a particular day , in a particular month , etc .
performed without anyone else playing or singing at the same time
to give a talk or a series of talks to a group of people on a subject , especially as a way of teaching in a university or college
being the cause of sth
to be the most obvious feature of a place or moment
having become popular and / or made a lot of money
a person or thing being used to study sth , especially in an experiment
a quiet sound or words that are difficult to hear
any of the physical or mental abilities that a person is born with
a feeling of respect and liking for sb / sth
the skill or the process of planning a route for a ship or other vehicle and taking it there
to provide sth specially
extremely unpleasant or offensive
football club
built with bricks of a reddish-brown colour
to restrict or limit sb / sth
the act or process of representing sth in a written or printed form
to make a piece of clothing quickly , especially by sewing
the quality of always behaving in the same way or of having the same opinions , standard , etc ; the quality of being consistent
to show that you are annoyed and / or offended at sth , especially by moving your head up and backwards in a proud way
the study of large economic systems , such as those of whole countries or areas of the world
a shaking movement you make because you are cold , frightened or disgusted
to fry food in a pan in shallow fat
( in writing ) minute ( s )
the part of a political party whose members are least in favour of social change
something that has continued to exist from an earlier time
making little or no noise
to be brave enough to do sth
opposite and at a diagonal angle from sth / sb
a period of time when sb , especially a teacher at a university , is allowed to stop their normal work in order to study or travel
to take sth , sb 's ideas , etc. for your own use , especially illegally or without permission
having plenty of good food to eat regularly
a social occasion , often in a person 's home , at which people eat , drink , talk , dance and enjoy themselves
an organized group of criminals
the way to achieving sth
unable to speak because of surprise
used to change the order of the subject and verb when an adverb is moved to the front
most recent
to interrupt sb when they are trying to work , sleep , etc .
used to make question tags ( = short questions added to the end of statements )
to put a lot of effort into sth , so that you get or achieve sth
to ride on a sledge / sled
lasting or taking a great amount of time or more time than usual
a thing that provides a connection or contact between two different things
based on anecdotes and possibly not true or accurate
a device that is used to send a rocket , a missile , etc. into the sky
in a loyal way ; in a way that you can rely on
excited , especially because of an event
happening at the end of a period of time or of a process
a person or thing that looks exactly like another
extremely enjoyable
to make an animal or a plant breed with a different breed ; to breed with an animal or a plant of a different breed
to completely defeat sb
a table or a vertical structure that goods are sold from , especially in the street or at a market
to get sth from a particular place
the 50th anniversary of an important event
available but not yet used
in a way that causes you physical or emotional pain
the priests or ministers of a religion , especially of the Christian Church
used to show that you do not think that the word or phrase that is being used to describe sb / sth is appropriate
the practical study of machinery
a strong feeling of affection for sb / sth
to move slowly and lightly , especially in circles
to make thread from wool , cotton , silk , etc. by twisting it
behaving well or politely
high speed
to have to pay sb for sth that you have already received or return money that you have borrowed
a place where young people go on holiday / vacation and take part in various activities or a particular activity
a small local shop
to put your arms around sb as a sign of love or friendship
used to introduce another phrase or idea that adds to and is as important as what you have just said
to make sth go or be taken to a place , especially by post / mail , email , radio , etc .
a person or an animal that travels with you or spends a lot of time with you
to attach a boat , ship , etc. to a fixed object or to the land with a rope , or anchor it
the sport or activity of swimming underwater with a snorkel
right or appropriate for a particular purpose or occasion
costing a lot more money than you can afford or is necessary
working in an efficient and organized way and not wasting time or thinking about personal things
unable to think in a clear way
soft and deep or heavy in a way that is pleasing to feel , look at or hear
to put furniture in a house , room , etc .
a small amount or example of sth that can be looked at or tried to see what it is like
to decide or say officially that sth is not allowed
a very large lorry / truck
a state of confusion and lack of organization in a situation or a place
in complete agreement ; agreed on by everyone
that cannot be defended or excused because it is morally unacceptable
tired and easily annoyed
art , music , literature , etc , thought of as a group
aware of what is happening in a particular situation
having small hard lumps
containing no salt
to say that you believe sth is true because you have evidence of it
to repair a hole in a piece of clothing , etc .
a period of time in which sb is taught sth
an object or action which is intended to attract sb or to persuade them to do sth
used as a reply , agreeing with what sb has just said , or emphasizing that it is correct
the quality of knowing or understanding a lot of details about sth ; the ability to provide and explain these details
done in order to find out information about a country , an organization , a situation , etc .
to succeed in dealing with or controlling sth
a woman 's dress , especially a long one for special occasions
the rank or position of a university professor
intended for or involving a particular person or group of people , not for people in general or for others to know about
something that you have imagined rather than sth that exists
to move forward by pushing with your elbo w
a type of book , film / movie , etc. that is designed to frighten people
a thin layer of sth , usually on the surface of sth else
a sport in which two people fight and try to throw each other to the ground
to defeat sb / sth by a large number of points in a sports game , competition , etc .
claiming to behave better or have higher moral standards than other people
to place the action of a play , novel or film / movie in a particular place , time , etc .
to make an official or legal statement about sth
to avoid answering a question or dealing with a problem
involving the use of very low temperatures
to say that you do not want sth that has been offered to you
a substance that disinfects
used in the name of streets
a slight friendship with sb or knowledge of sth
to make a short visit to a person or place
to sit or lie in a relaxed way , with your body leaning backwards
to move sth from its usual position
using or containing pictures
complete
a law , a rule or a theory that sth is based on
a sign that sb / sth will be successful
to have or wear sth in a proud way
to give sb / sth a new name
a piece of furniture for sleeping on
any flat or level surface , or an imaginary flat surface through or joining material objects
a citizen of a particular country
the ground below the water in a lake , river , swimming pool , etc .
a long narrow piece of water or land that is joined to a larger area
an expression of sympathy for sb who has had sth unpleasant happen to them , especially not winning a competition
the particular attitude or way of thinking of a person or group
to read or watch only parts of sth
that brings , or is thought to bring , bad luck
to excite or please sb very much
to bend or let sth bend downwards
in a position that is balanced but likely to change in one direction or another
an act of cleaning sb / sth using water and usually soap
providing or intended to provide protection
the universities of Oxford and Cambridge , when they are thought of together
if a liquid evaporates or if sth evaporates it , it changes into a gas , especially steam
the impression that a person , an organization or a product , etc. gives to the public
with spaces between
a process of trying hard to get sth
to think that sb / sth is a particular type of person or thing or has particular characteristics
connected with or caused by the force of gravity
not famous or well known
to continue to exist after sth else has ended or disappeared
to tell sb what to do in an aggressive and / or annoying way
an act of fitting a device to a telephone so that sb 's telephone calls can be listened to secretly
to start a line of print or writing further away from the edge of the page than the other lines
to fill sth with a particular mood or tone
fixed onto a wall
to listen secretly to what other people are saying
taking care to be exact and accurate , especially about small details
causing people to feel affection
an object used for producing musical sounds , for example a piano or a drum
a sport in which you wear a parachute and are pulled along behind a boat , car , etc. so that you rise up into the air
the legal right or duty to take care of or keep sb / sth ; the act of taking care of sth / sb
to add some of the q ualities of one system or pattern to another one in order to produce sth that combines the qualities of both
a place where water comes naturally to the surface from under the ground
to obtain sth
to begin by doing or being sth
the way sth works or is done
to end the link between a group , a company or an organization and a larger one
an official document stating that a ruler or government allows a new organization , town or university to be established and gives it particular rights
to change data into a digital form that can be easily read and processed by a computer
a small detail in a law or set of rules , especially one that does not seem fair
a dishonest person
the fact of being related in a family
to start to use a particular method or to show a particular attitude towards sb / sth
the right to refuse to allow sth to be done , especially the right to stop a law from being passed or a decision from being taken
a country ruled by a king or queen
to find out about thin gs that have happened
to show other people that you are a particular type of person or that you have a particular quality
a feeling of unhappiness because sb has been unkind or unfair to you
a large group of armed ships sailing together
connected with the direction in which sth is moving
an act of citing or being cited
a floor that is built between two floors of a building and is smaller than the other floors
a small round sweet cake
to be able to live without having much money
a single item of the type of product that a company sells
very much ; to a great degree
a piece of material of a particular width
complete and not damaged
made to remain fresh longer than the ordinary type
any of the lines that form a flat shape such as a square or triangle
to be a candidate in an election
used to show that sth exists or happens
a game in which one player acts out the syllables of a word or title and the other players try to guess what it is
extremely plain and lacking any decoration
to make sb feel pleased or happy
to make a pattern on sth with many straight lines that cross each other
to control or be in charge of sb / sth
to be the particular thing that shows that things or people are not the same
standards of behaviour in society that people think are acceptable
a very strong interest in sb / sth , that is not normal or natural
not typical of sb / sth
directly ; not at an angle or to one side
to write or print the date on sth
the act of sending sb away from a school or an organi zation , so that they can no longer belong to it ; the act of expelling sb
to feel a very strong emotion or desire
very loud
the official process of settling an argument or a disagreement by sb who is not involved
to buy and sell sth illegally
connected with a nerve or the nervous system
having or caused by cerebral palsy , an illness which makes it difficult for sb to control their muscles and movements . Using this word is now often considered offensive
towards the sky ; up into the sky
having the type of physical or mental problem mentioned
feeling depressed or sad
not as good as the best
to make a structure or material stronger , especially by adding another material to it
the quality of being new , different and interesting
the way that sb drives a vehicle ; the act of driving
the back of the neck
to pay money to sb in order to get their help
to make a particular number when added together
more important than others ; deserving or getting more attention than usual
to start in one area and then affect other areas
a large area or a long distance
less ; younger
a person in a court who has the authority to decide how criminals should be punished or to make legal decisions
the rate at which sth happens or is done
a small device that fits inside the ear and makes sounds louder , used by people who cannot hear well
fastened with a zip / zipper
a change in people 's atti tudes or behaviour caused by disapproval of the attitudes , etc. of the past
a person or thing that everyone has a right to know about
having enough ability , experience and knowledge to be able to do sth well
taking place or existing at a time after the present
a series of drawings or pictures that show the outline of the story of a film / movie , etc .
a piece of advice
the young form of an insect when it looks like a short worm
not easily broken or damaged ; made well
looking clear , bright and attractive
to do or satisfy what is needed or what sb asks for
by moving the whole of sb 's body ; by force
to find an acceptable way of dealing with two or more ideas , needs , etc. that seem to be opposed to each other
used when you think sb / sth is wrong or silly
stems of wheat or other grain plants that have been cut and dried . Straw is used for making mats , hats , etc , for packing things to protect them , and as food for animals or for them to sleep on .
an estimate of how much money will be needed for sth
expressing admiration , praise , etc .
a firm transparent fruit-flavoured sweet / candy that you chew
connected with or in the style of the Pre-Raphaelites
an act or a period of reading sth
money given by the government to organizations or local areas
a large building divided into flats / apartments , especially in a poor area of a city
a story , play or novel that is full of exciting events and in which the characters and emotions seem too exaggerated to be real
to speak in a confused or silly way that is difficult to hear or understand
a set of two or more rooms that you rent to live in
not certain
to suddenly blow very hard
if sth is customary , it is what people usually do in a particular place or situation
to happen ; to start to exist
a chemical change produced by two or more substances acting on each other
a measurement of the level of acid or alkali in a solution or substance . In the pH range of 0 to 14 a reading of below 7 shows an acid and of above 7 shows an alkali .
a very powerful state , especially one that is formed by several nations joining or working together
a light umbrella or other object such as an awning , that is used to protect people from hot sun
to clean a person 's car thoroughly , especially on the inside
a continuous pain in the back
to examine evidence in court and decide whether sb is innocent or guilty
to make sb feel that it is not worth making an effort
a person 's descendants are their children , their children 's children , and all the people who live after them who are related to them
to destroy itself , usually by exploding
used to suggest that sth has not been successful or useful
happily ; with thanks
to make sb feel bored , especially by talking too much
a toy that consists of two round pieces of plastic or wood joined together , with a piece of string wound between them . You put one end of the string around your finger and make the yo-yo go up and down .
a mixture of raw vegetables such as lettuce , tomato and cucumber , usually served with other food as part of a meal
to infect sb with an illness
the distance between the two long sides of a swimming pool
that cannot be stopped or changed
a person who thinks seriously , and often writes about important things , such as philosophy or science
a senior priest in charge of the work of the Church in a city or district
a person who regularly drinks the particular drink mentioned
to move forward on your hands and knees , with your body close to the ground
a light , soft material that is the thick bark of a type of Mediterranean oak tree
in most cases ; used to talk about the largest part of a group of people or things
a way through sth
a thing that is said or done that makes sth , especially an argument , continue or get worse
the belief that sth that you want to happen is happening or will happen , although this is actually not true or very unlikely
loud and powerful
a feeling that good things will happen and that sth will be successful ; the tendency to have this feeling
clean and neat , with everything in the correct place
to use sth or make sth work in a particular situation
the way in which sb is sitting or standing , or the way in which sth is arranged
a word used as a friendly way of addressing sb
the reason why sb fails at sth or is unsuccessful in life
depending on sth in order to be completed or agreed
used when speaking to sb in a friendly way , for example by an older person to a young person or a child
a poem that speaks to a person or thing or celebrates a special event
physical strength
with a cover or a frame of lead
of or in the Latin language
used to introduce the next item in a series of actions , events , instructions , etc .
to reach , enter or use sth
a list showing the times at which particular even ts will happen
speaking in the way mentioned
an instrument for finding direction , with a needle that always points to the north
to walk with loud heavy steps
versus ( = against )
a mountain or rock which people climb up for sport
each of five equal parts of sth
the act of looking at or considering sth very carefully
a person who agrees to be responsible for sb or for making sure that sth happens or is done
connected to a system of computers
to give an official order
used for emphasis to mean ‘ a single ’ or ‘ just one ’
a complaint
to understand or think of sb / sth in a particular way
without any conditions or limits
a person who conquers
the man that a woman is married to ; a married man
a space or an opening between two or more things
a type of lock on a door that n eeds a key to open it from the outside
public discussion and argument about sth that many people strongly disagree about , disapprove of , or are shocked by
the way in which sb / sth is described or defined
to be or come so close together that there is no space between
if it were not for
to replace for a short time sb who is doing a particular activity so that they can rest
a picture taken from a television or video film , stored as an image on a computer
able to stop the loss of blood from a wound
not present in sth
to remove sth that is bad or painful from your mind
to produce and se ll tickets for an event , a trip , etc ; to give sb a ticket
on paper ; on a list
to provide sth that is suitable for or enough for a particular situation
to kick sth roughly or without control
to officially settle an argument or a disagreement between two people or groups
a large number of things or people of the same type
to ask sb for food , money , etc. especially because you cannot or do not want to pay for sth yourself
expecting good things to happen or sth to be successful ; showing this feeling
not influenced by personal feelings , or by the chance of getting some advantage for yourself
a special event that people organize in order to celebrate sth
a pipe that carries away dirty water or other liquid waste
most important
involving many people or things , especially over a wide area
extremely angry or full of strong emotion
very famous and much admired , especially because of what you have achieved
the final practice of a play in the theatre , using the clothes and lights that will be used for the real performance
the back part of a plane , spacecraft , etc .
all the peasants in a region or country
that cannot be questioned or proved to be false ; that cannot be disputed
concerning sb / sth ; about sb / sth
able to communicate by telepathy
the area in a factory where the goods are made by the workers
to put sth , for example oil , milk or egg , on sth using a brush
the act or result of dividing sth into parts
a machine or container holding money , drinks , paper towels , etc. that you can obtain quickly , for example by pulling a handle or pressing buttons
to speak or tell sb sth , using words
in its original pure or natural condition and not changed , touched or spoiled
to search an area for gold , minerals , oil , etc .
to make sth loose , especially sth that is tied or held tightly
very great ; impossible to measure
light rain
said or done carelessly , at a time when you are not thinking about the effects of your words or are not paying attention
from an event in the past until a later past event , or until now
a dramatic story , especially in verse , told or performed by one person
a state of peaceful existence and agreement
containing talk about the shocking or immoral things that people have done or are thought to have done
a series of successful shots by one player ; the number of points scored in a series of successful shots
to say sth in a loud and / or serious way
behaving in a stupid or silly way
to lift or carry sth heavy from one position to another
missed very much
a street in New York City where there are many theatres , sometimes used to refer to the US theatre industry in general
to persuade sb to do sth by making it easier for them and making them believe it is a good thing to do
to spend time doing nothing important
to appear in a radio or television programme and introduce the different items in it
to make a hole in sth by pushing your finger or another object into it
an act of licking sth with the tongue
to push , fight or compete with others in order to get or to reach sth
a permanent feeling of great sadness or mental pain that a person is left with after an unpleasant experience
the main or mos t important idea in sth that is said or done
an act of trying to make sth move by holding it firmly and bringing it towards you
protected from any danger or harm
a very large quantity of sth
much smaller than the normal size
given as extra information in a speech or piece of writing
to make contact with sb by telephone
if you are wedded to sth , you like or support it so much that you are not willing to give it up
very similar
to hit , kick or shoot sb / sth with a lot of force
to be suitable for sth ; to match sth
to give sb a different duty , position , or responsibility
a straight line going from one side of a circle or any other round object to the other side , passing through the centre
the ability to experience and understand deep feelings , especially in art and literature
to spend time , energy , effort , etc. on sth that you think is good or useful
too brightly coloured in a way that lacks taste
something that you buy although it costs a lot of money , perhaps more than you can afford or than is necessary
reasonable or acceptable in a particular situation
used to show that sb / sth does not have any of sth
to put tasks , problems , etc. in order of importance , so that you can deal with the most important first
having more information about sth than most people
that cannot be continued or repeated for a further period of time after it has ended
something that is old-fashioned and no longer interesting
full of strong emotion or excitement
the instructions given by sb directing a film / movie
to appear or become noticeable
difficult to control
something that you wear or own that is new or unusual and is meant to draw attention to you
an act of emptying solid w aste matter from the bowels
not good or honest ; that should make you feel shame
that can or must be given back after a period of time
very difficult and unpleasant to live in
the state of being unimportant or dealing with unimportant things
to laugh at sb / sth in an unkind way , especially by copying what they say or do
real or genuine
certain to be successful or to happen as you expect
a book with spaces for each day of the year in which you can write down things you have to do in the future
a dance in which two people dance together to a regular rhythm ; a piece of music for this dance
a thing that is worth buying because it will be useful or helpful
open and without shame , usually about sth that people find shocking
a large piece of equipment for cooking food , containing an oven and gas or electric rings on top
a person who helps another person , especially a politician , in their job
to earn or win an amount of money
responsible for starting or developing sth
to say that you are sorry for doing sth wrong or causing a problem
what is possible , practical or right
technology which reduces the size of files that contain video images or sounds
doing or experiencing sth for the first time
an intention or a hope of doing sth
that involves fighting very hard
a shop / store that sells meat
living in a tent , etc. on holiday / vacation
having a thin weak body
the desire or ability to keep fighting for sth
in a way that is appropriate to what has been done or said in a particular situation
a man who comes to your house to do a job
lasting a long time ; continuous
to accept a proposal , law , etc. by voting
a building next to a sports ground , used by players and people watching the game
much ; a lot
sounding as though the throat is tightly squeezed , usually because of fear or worry
the state of being formed of many parts ; the state of being difficult to understand
talk or behaviour that is too brave or dramatic for a particular situation
busy and noisy activity
progress in a job , social class , etc .
a gambling game played with two dice
to make sth illegal
a small sharp part on the stem or leaf of a plant or on the skin of some animals
able to get what you want in a clever way , especially by tricking or cheating sb
an act of hitting sb , especially a child , several times with your open hand , as a punishment
the moment during sexual activity when feelings of sexual pleasure are at their strongest
to remove or obtain a substance from sth , for example by using an industrial or a chemical process
acting suddenly without thinking carefully about what might happen because of what you are doing
an area or a situation in which sb has control or influence
having recently finished a supply of sth
a sudden increase in the flow of electrical power through a system
thinking deeply about things
a reptile with a very long thin body and no legs . There are many types of snake , some of which are poisonous .
in every way possible
a metal frame for cooking food on over an open fire outdoors
to give sb a particular impression
not likely to move , fall down , etc .
to be useful to sb in achieving or satisfying sth
principles concerning right and wrong or good and bad behaviour
something made by putting together different parts or materials
( of an area in the US ) having more people who vote for the Republican candidate than the Democratic one
increasing or spreading rapidly
at a level which is a long way above the ground or above the level of the sea
to take away property or honours from sb , as a punishment
to put a lot of things or people into a limited space
well organized and confident
used to add a positive comment about a negative situation
a scientific or academic examination of the facts of a subject or problem
a group of people who share the same language , history , culture , etc .
fully developed ; fully grown
to decide that sth will be used for a particular purpose , or to state that sth will happen to sb / sth in the future
something that is or contains a large supply of good things
happening or experienced before menstruation
to ignore or forget sth , usually a feeling or difference of opinion
to use a light to give sb a signal
a type of sandal ( = open shoe ) that has a piece of leather , etc. that goes between the big toe and the toe next to it
to use force to move past sb / sth using your hands , arms , etc .
using only as much money or food as is necessary
the feeling that you are certain about sth
having qualities that people find attractive and easy to love , often despite any faults
a woman 's chest or breasts
an opening through which liquid , air or gas can enter a machine
connected with studying things to find out how similar or different they are
a building in which collections of books , CDs , newspapers , etc. are kept for people to read , study or borrow
to come together to form one larger group , substance , etc .
to waste an opportunity
not equal , for example in the way each side or part behaves
to become so full that it spreads out onto the land around it
determined not to change your opinion or attitude
after a long period of time or series of events
to decide not to use or develop sth , for a period of time , especially a piece of equipment or a plan
to defeat sb , especially in a competition , race , etc .
something that does not succeed , often in a way that causes embarrassment
to have the same feelings , ideas , experiences , etc. as sb else
causing problems for other people
done , decided or organized just before sth happens or before it is too late
likely to succeed or happen
a strong feeling of hatred
to produce flowers
to move , or make sth move , partly touching the ground
to injure a joint in your body , especially your wrist or ankle , by suddenly twisting it
used to show what is usual or typical for sb
approximately , but not exactly , the direction / area mentioned
a particular attitude towards sth ; a way of thinking about sth
to deliberately stop thinking about sb / sth
a small bag for storing or carrying small objects
loud and enthusiastic behaviour when people are praising each other for sth good they have done
used with uncountable nouns to mean ‘ a small amount ’ , ‘ some ’
in a way that represents things as they are in real life
a side or surface of sth
to make a judgement about the nature or quality of sb / sth
to go back into a previous condition or into a worse state after making an improvement
marked with lines to show measurements
the act of combining separate ideas , beliefs , styles , etc ; a mixture or combination of ideas , beliefs , styles , etc .
louder or clearer than another sound
used to emphasize that you are saying ‘ no ’ to sth
a rule , fact or condition that limits sth
to talk quickly and in an excited way so that it is difficult to understand what you are saying
if sb speaks drily , they are being humorous , but not in an obvious way
showing great joy and peace
near the sea
to see what might happen in the future and take action to prepare for it
to say or write unpleasant things about sb / sth so that other people will have a low opinion of them
not allowing the substance mentioned to enter
using gas to keep the temperature cool
to beat sb in a race , competition , etc. by only a small amount or at the last moment
to be so different from each other that one of them must be wrong
an amount of bread that has been shaped and baked in one piece
of or produced by movement
a story that sb tells that is not true ; a lie
one half of the earth , especially the half above or below the equator
not necessary
to avoid sth unpleasant or dangerous
used to show affection or a lack of respect
the bottom of a river , the sea , etc .
demanding that particular rules , processes , etc. are strictly followed
the system of keeping people in prisons
an official document that may be used to prove that the facts it states are true
not spoiled , damaged or marked in any way
a person who takes part in a competition or tries to win sth
a small , pale brown spot on a person 's skin , especially on their face , caused by the sun
with your attention directed to what you want to do ; with very clear aims
not involving a decision as to who is to blame for sth
to be very surprised or impressed by sth
reports and pictures of events recorded by ordinary people and shown on the Internet
a person who does crazy things that are often dangerous
below sth
a sudden increase in a particular activity or feeling
in which there is a good result for each person or group involved
a person who is poor and not educated
in a vertical position
to understand sb / sth wrongly
to have an argument with sb about sth
exactly in a particular position
in its natural state ; not changed by people
to force sb to do sth
used to introduce another possibility
in a way that is not detailed or exact
dark green in colour
an arrangement to risk money , etc. on the result of a particular event ; the money that you risk in this way
the qualities , training or experience that make you suitable to do sth
very bad weather of the type mentioned
to make sb / yourself happy by doing sth special
considered by other people to be strange or unusual
a mass of tall narrow objects that are close together
a list of the names and addresses of people who are regularly sent information , advertising material , etc. by an organization
bad management of a company , etc .
to leave a mark that is difficult to remove on sth ; to be marked in this way
full of difficulty and problems , especially because of a lack of money
the smallest number of people , etc. that you need to do sth
making you believe that sth you want will happen ; bringing hope
a strange or unusual feature or habit
used to refer to sth that has just been mentioned
not supported by or attached to anything
boring , stupid and weak or sentimental
to cut sb / sth with rough , heavy blows
a quantity or thickness of sth that lies over a surface or between surfaces
taking an active part in a particular religion , profession , etc .
almost no ; almost not ; almost none
used for correcting yourself when you have said sth wrong
to make strong efforts to persuade or force sb to do sth
the direction in which an object faces
inside ; towards or close to the centre of a place
a state of thinking about pleasant things , almost as though you are dreaming
in or towards the east
previous
given to a person who does not deserve or return those feelings
used when you mention a name that you think is difficult to remember or pronounce
a piece of sth , especially food , with six sides
having or showing no interest in sb / sth
existing in all parts of a place or thing ; spreading gradually to affect all parts of a place or thing
to think about sth so that you fully understand it
cold but pleasantly fresh
to wound a person or another animal with a horn or tusk
used with the name of a city to describe an area that includes the centre of the city and a large area all round it
a short period of time during which sth lasts
not until
to make a high sound
to create sth , especially when skill is needed
small , round and bright ; watching everything closely or with suspicion
a thing that you must have and cannot manage without
to print letters , words , a design , etc. onto sth using a special tool
filled with sth unpleasant
a short section from a book , piece of music , etc .
dead or appearing to be dead
the state of being well organized or planned with all the parts linked together ; a careful plan
not having or showing sth
the act or process of finishing sth ; the state of being finished and complete
to damage sth very badly
to give sth as a rule , principle , etc .
material made from the skin of a sheep or goat , used in the past for writing on
the work of teaching people about Christianity , especially in a foreign country ; a group of people d oing such work
to lie and roll about in water or mud , to keep cool or for pleasure
having great power or force ; very effective
that most people consider to be morally fair and reasonable
the length of time that sth lasts or is able to continue
words or actions that are carefully planned to get an advantage over sb else
a set of jobs that are processed together on a computer
sufferin g from an illness or disease ; not feeling well
a general study , view or description of sth
that you do not have to pay tax on
to agree to give sb what they ask for , especially formal or legal permission to do sth
to m ake a short low sound in your throat , especially to show that you are in pain , annoyed or not interested ; to say sth using this sound
the movement of blood around the body
connected with a particular generation or with the relationship between different generations
the things that you own which can be moved , for example not land or buildings
a formal meeting at which sb is asked questions to see if they are suitable for a particular job , or for a course of study at a college , university , etc .
connected with or typical of a child
a large amount of water falling down from a height
to hold sb / sth tightly
the information , results , etc. produced by a computer
a plan of things that will be done or included in the development of sth
the money that you receive when you sell sth or organize a performance , etc ; profits
the state of being carefully and neatly arranged
happening or existing outside rather than inside a building
to move past or to the other side of sb / sth
used before the plural of sb 's last name to refer to a whole family or a marri ed couple
the act or process of remembering an event in the past or a person who is dead
used to say goodbye to sb
to get used to a changed or new situation
a formal agreement between two organizations , countries , etc .
to make a child an orphan
calm ; not showing excitement or nerves
a narrow road in the country
to pass the time while you wait for sth more interesting
to choose sb / sth carefully from a group of people or things
if you leave a place feet first , you are carried out after you are dead
to allow your attention or effort to become weaker
the movement of a liquid or of air into a place from somewhere else
a model of a person , used especially when making clothes or for showing them in a shop window
extremely unpleasant or unfriendly
moving quickly and in a hurry
to have a romantic relationship before getting married
used to say what you think can actually be achieved in a particular situation
a pointed end where two curves meet
in one piece ; completely
to feel or express great sadness
without any purpose or reason and therefore not worth doing or having
to record sth on tape
something that is useful and can make things easier or quicker to do , or more comfortable
weapons , especially as used by the army , navy , etc .
to make sb feel very tired
to make sth known to sb
to order sb to return
the ability to react quickly and stay calm in a difficult or dangerous situation
to change a machine , an instrument or a control so that it gives a different time or number or is ready to use again
creating a relaxed atmosphere
to end an activity for a short time in order to do sth
paid for by sb
speaking very quietly
a place to live , work or stay in
a complete separation from a person , an organization , a way of life , etc .
to produce false evidence against an innocent person so that people think he or she is guilty
to begin business for the day ; to start a new business
easy to understand and not causing any confusion
sweet food made of sugar and / or chocolate , eaten between meals ; a piece of this
that you only get after fighting or working hard for it
to fill sb with awe
speaking to sb using few words in a way that seems rude
to say sth in a soft quiet voice that is difficult to hear or understand
to develop gradually
a feeling of doubt about a plan or an idea
to spend time skiing for pleasure
a very powerful feeling or situation that you cannot avoid or escape from
controlled by representatives who are elected by the people of a country ; connected with this system
the amount of money that you pay to the government according to how much you earn
placed on sth or attached to sth for display or support
to suddenly see sth , especially sth you have been looking for
to be worth a particular amount at the end of the day 's business
not completely , but as a most important part
the act of stopping a vehicle at a place and leaving it there for a period of time
the work or activity of making fair , careful judgements about the good and bad qualities of sb / sth , especially books , music , etc .
bad-tempered
in a way that involves the use of physical force
a very large shop / store , built on one level and located outside a town , which sells goods at low prices
that can be used again
a line or ring of police officers , soldiers , etc. guarding sth or stopping people from entering or leaving a place
to help sth that is having difficulties
to live or grow in large numbers in a particular area
excellent ; of very good quality
a restaurant
without a sign or words to show what or where sth is
the way in which two people , groups or countries behave towards each other or deal with each other
at or on a sports field
unable or unwilling to accept sth unpleasant
any of the parts into which sth is divided
showing great energy and enthusiasm for sth , especially because you feel strongly about it
the real facts about the present situation
to take sb / sth in or completely cover it so that they cannot be seen or no longer exist separately
a particular movement made usually with your hand or your head , especially to communicate sth
cooked in an oven or over a fire
to move in an orbit ( = a curved path ) around a much larger object , especially a planet , star , etc .
the large size of sth
a strong unpleasant smell
a piece of work involving careful study of a subject over a period of time , done by school or college students
the head of the government of a town or city , etc , elected by the public
the sport or activity of riding horses
a problem that is difficult to deal with
to pay money for sth
having an unreasonable dislike of or preference for sb / sth , especially based on their race , religion , sex , etc .
to say or do sth that offends sb
to push sb / sth in a rough way
used to show the result of an action
to have the opposite effect to the one intended , with bad or dangerous results
a special importance that is given to sth
a number or letter that is given to show the standard of sb 's work or performance or is given to sb for answering sth correctly
used to refer to a country or region in a way which appeals to the emotions or the imagination
happening in response to a particular stimulus
near the beginning of a period of time , an event etc .
small and not important
to direct or manage an organization , an area or a situation
showing great knowledge or understanding
to allow sb to do sth or to allow sth to happen
to use sth well in order to gain as much from it as possible
a person who is against sth and tries to change or stop it
a quick often noisy movement of sth up and down or from side to side
used to show that you are disappointed about sth
to come up to the surface of water
to bring back a feeling or repeat an experience that you had in the past
at the upper end of the range of sounds that humans can hear ; not deep or low
a person suffering from a serious mental illness that causes them to behave in a violent way towards other people
of a particular age
to act , tell a story , etc. by moving your body and face but without speaking
used to show affection towards sb because of sth they have done
a company , piece of land , etc. bought by sb , especially another company ; the act of buying it
to leave a job or position
the way of writing the sound / ʌm / or / əm / that people make when they hesitate , or do not know what to say next
to force yourself to do sth
to be dirty or untidy
to join a team as a substitute during a game
secret religious ceremonies ; secret knowledge
the state of being physically or mentally ill
the food that cows and similar animals bring back from the stomach into the mouth to chew again
to drink sth , taking a very small amount each time
containing too much water ; thin and having no taste
very suitable or useful for sth
having a strong pleasant taste
to obtain sth by losing sth else of great value
very critical
used before a noun to emphasize that it is exactly that and nothing else
to walk or go somewhere in a very confident way
at the present period
to say sth that is intended to embarrass sb or make them look silly
one of the sides in a competition and the people connected with it
a request for information about sb / sth ; a question about sb / sth
fairly good and not too expensive
feeling sad and sympathetic
to make a high sound by blowing into a whistle
showing an interest in learning new things
to go with sb to protect or guard them or to show them the way
to come down through the air onto the ground or another surface
to run or walk fast , taking short quick steps
liking to argue ; involving a lot of arguing
showing no feelings or pity for other people
an object or a sign that shows the position of sth
to include sb / sth in a particular group ; to be included in a particular group
to try or test new ideas , methods , etc. to find out what effect they have
the act of becoming part of an international organization
a collection of all the laws made by a government
to give sth to sb , especially officially
having no mistakes
to slope or to make sth slope in a particular direction or at a particular angle
the pressure of blood as it travels around the body
a shop / store that provides particular goods or services
the process of filming a film / movie
empty space that can be used for a particular purpose
to walk in a noisy , heavy way , especially because you are angry or upset
with pictures but no sound
having many mountains
used to say where sb works or studies
doing sth well and thoroughly with no waste of time , money , or energy
an artist who paints in the style of Impressionism
used to show that you are not afraid or worried about sb doing sth
needs that a person has because of mental or physical problems
to hit sth very hard and break it , in order to get through it
a row or layer of sth that has several rows or layers placed one above the other
a film / movie in which drawings of people and animals seem to move
to start speaking
a person who suffers very much or is killed because of their religious or political beliefs
to touch sth lightly while passing it
famous and likely to be remembered for ever
one of the openings on the side of a fish 's head that it breathes through
a combination of events , etc , that causes a particular result
to play and move around in a lively , happy way
happening or done to a very large number of people or things
the people who live in the house or flat / apartment next to yours
used to describe sth that is the complete opposite of sth else
a room or space just below the roof of a house , often used for storing things
a level in a scale of how serious sth is
used especially in shops / stores as a word for tights , stockings and socks
illegal trade in sth
the most respected or most experienced woman member of a group or profession
to make trade , business , etc. less active
legally responsible for paying the cost of sth
a single successful action or event
a short prayer that is usually said before a meal to thank God for the food
to express your thanks to or your respect for God
to say what should be done or how sth should be done
showing that you are confused and unable to think clearly
shaking and feeling weak because you are ill / sick , emotional or old
to move somewhere very quickly or in an excited way
to be unable to find sth / sb
to be going to happen to sb
a layer of bubbles or an unpleasant substance that forms on the surface of a liquid
used to describe a person who tries to stop sth from happening but will never succeed
not eaten or drunk
to avoid talking about a subject , especially because it is difficult or embarrassing
looking clean and attractive and suitable to be seen in public
talking or behaving in a way that shows they are crazy
a brake in a vehicle that is operated by hand , used especially when the vehicle is not moving
to trick sb , especially in order to get money from them or persuade them to do sth for you
one visit to a single page on a website
used at the beginning of a formal business letter when you do not know the name of the man or people that you are dealing with
a round white vegetable with a brown or red skin that grows underground as the root of a plant also called a potato
objects made of the material or in the way or place mentioned
a shop / store that sells newspapers , magazines , sweets / candy , etc .
not natural ; forced or too controlled
to walk at a slow relaxed speed
used after that after many adjectives that describe feelings
a military attack , especially by aircraft dropping bombs
to steal sth , especially sth small and not very valuable
important matters that need to be dealt with or discussed
the keeping of animals in order to breed from them
made or produced to copy sth natural ; not real
to make sth happen in a particular way or be of a particular type
to do or give sth unwillingly
to say ‘ yes ’ ; to say that you will do what sb wants or that you will allow sth to happen
equal or the same for each person , team , place , etc .
the language that you learn to speak first as a child ; the language that you speak best
a separate item in an agreement or a contract
to pull a rake over a surface in order to make it level or to remove sth
that can be made longer , or made valid for a longer time
full of or loaded with heavy things
an evergreen forest tree with leaves like needles
to treat sb / sth without genuine respect
extreme ; complete
extreme suffering , especially mental suffering ; a person or thing that causes this
a dessert ( = a sweet dish ) made from fruit that is covered with a rough mixture of flour , butter and sugar , cooked in the oven and usually served hot
a small tool for making holes in wood to put screws in
the art , process or job of taking photographs or filming sth
a large meal
a particular group of people or animals living in a particular area
if a country mobilizes its army , or if a country or army mobilizes , it makes itself ready to fight in a war
a vitamin found in fruits such as oranges and lemons , and in green vegetables
( in Britain ) a woman belonging to a high social class
( of a text ) complete and containing all the original material , even if it is offensive
able to understand art , music and literature and to express yourself through them
an action or a thing that continues sth that has already started or comes after sth similar that was done earlier
a round object or a thing that has been formed into a round shape
at the present time
a loud cry of anger , fear , excitement , etc .
beliefs about what is right and wrong and what is important in life
feeling no shame or embarrassment about sth , especially when people might expect you to
a small square or rectangle drawn on a page for people to write information in
the 25th letter of the En glish alphabet
at a greater distance away from you
the part of a piece of clothing that covers the knee
if you inherit a particular situation from sb , you are now responsible for dealing with it , especially because you have replaced that person in their job
having strong feelings about sth that you dislike very much or about an unfair situation
using enzymes ( = chemical substances that are found in plants and animals ) to get clothes , etc. clean
an amount of money still owed after some payment has been made
something that is given to a person or an organization such as a charity , in order to help them ; the act of giving sth in this way
unsuccessful or likely to be unsuccessful because of needing too much effort , money or time
not sure ; uncertain and feeling doubt
continuing for only a short time
to move or grow by winding around sth
a lot of
one of the floors of a ship or a bus
an animal or a plant that lives or grows naturally in a particular area
a short period of enjoyment when you do not allow yourself to worry or think seriously about anything
used after a verb or preposition to mean ‘ in , at or to this position or place ’
the act of cutting or separating sth in an operation
to choose a new name , a country , a custom , etc. and begin to use it as your own
to remove sth that is not wanted or needed from a place
to become less valuable over a period of time
a person , or work done by a person , who does not have a permanent contract with a company
a group of words that includes a subject and a verb , and forms a sentence or part of a sentence
objects such as rings and necklaces that people wear as decoration
very evil or cruel
a person who is very good and kind ; a child who behaves well
a strong position in a business , profession , etc. from which sb can make progress and achieve success
a drawing or painting of sth , especially one done for practice or before doing a larger picture
a very large amount or number of sth
that can easily be made longer or wider without tearing or breaking
private and personal , often in a sexual way
public limited company ( used after the name of a company or business )
to take place or start to exist as expected or planned
used to show that sb / sth is not or no longer in a particular state or condition
a particular type of artistic activity
used to talk about a place where all the people who should be there have disappeared in a mysterious way
the way in which sth is ordered or arranged ; the act of putting sth into an order
a small amount of food ; a small meal
to become or make sth become more pleasant or enjoyable ; to bring hope
used to check that sb agrees with you or understands you
to make quic k , light sounds as a surface is being hit several times
a short performance of music , comedy , etc. that is intended to prepare the audience for the main show
used to describe sth which is three quarters of the usual size
to accept sth as a basis for your decisions , attitudes or actions
that can be moved from one place or position to another
a person or thing that is connected with or related to another , often in a way that you would not expect
to separate or make people separate into two groups with completely opposite opinions
cut , chopped or crushed into very small pieces or powder
praise that is not sincere , especially in order to obtain sth from sb
connected with the poles ( = the positive and negative ends ) of a magnet
to look through the pages of a book , newspaper , etc. without reading everything
difficult to understand ; not clear
a person or thing that catches sth
a company that gives expert advice on a particular subject to other companies or organizations
in a way that is limited
that can be divided exactly by two
activities or behaviour that seem honest or true but that hide sb 's real identity or feelings , or that hide sth illegal
a trick that you can do on a bicycle or motorcycle by balancing on the back wheel , with the front wheel off the ground
a rule that deals with a particular crime , agreement , etc .
something that you can hear
to make sb / sth bigger ; to become bigger
used to describe a slight feeling of worry or pain that does not go away
to stick sth to sth else using glue or paste
greater than what seems reasonable or appropriate
using , or willing to use , force or strong pressure to achieve your aims , especially to achieve social or political change
the regions of the world around the South Pole
an idea or a picture in your imagination
having drunk so much alcohol tha t it is impossible to think or speak clearly
a short statement that gives only the main points of sth , not the details
controlled by or connected to a computer or to the Internet
to try to make sb believe that you will do sth that you do not really intend to do , or that you know sth that you do not really know
a person who watches sth that is happening but is not involved in it
to be independent or not connected with other people , organizations or ideas
to make sb feel upset because of sth you say or do that is rude or embarrassing
to spend time walking for pleasure
all the animals living in an area or in a particular period of history
belonging to a military enemy
that can be made valid for a further period of time after it has finished
a round piece of metal or plastic used instead of money to operate some machines or as a form of payment
to arrange or fix sth ; to decide on sth
physical strength used in action ; physical strength that sb possesses and might us e
mentally ill ; insane
the actions that players take to try to score a goal or win the game
to cause sb to learn and remember ideas , moral principles , etc , especially by repeating them often
used when you have just said or done sth that you know is stupid
the power of pleasing or attracting people
kind ; friendly
used in the name of some roads
to develop into an adult
a bird of the pigeon family . The white dove is often used as a symbol of peace .
connected with schools and education
a system of electric wires or pipes carrying gas , for sending power over a large area
a rider on a horse ; a person who can ride horses
happening on a ship
to become accepted widely
used to emphasize the fact that the person who is being spoken to is doing sth
very lively or busy
Young Women 's Christian Association ( an organization that exists in many countries and provides accommodation and social and sports activities )
to sit or to make sb sit on sth , especially on the edge of it
with no thoughts or plans for the future
a particular part of the earth ; a particular group of countries or people ; a particular period of history and the people of that period
the features of a book , painting , building , etc. that make it typical of a particular author , artist , historical period , etc .
having two halves , parts or sides that are the same in size and shape
to eat more than you need or more than is healthy
moving in a direction that means that no progress is being made
a thing that you must do as a formal or official part of a legal process , a social situation , etc .
a piece of wood or metal , shaped like a tube , that is used for moving heavy objects
used when making a suggestion or an offer
of or like earth or soil
to make an area , institution , etc. develop and grow strong again
to claim or take sth that you have no right to
to separate sth from sth
the money sb earns for doing overtime
permission
a single sheet of glass in a window
in a way that is connected with a person 's job or training
to go or allow sth such as a car to go as fast as possible
to touch sb / sth gently several times with your hand flat , especially as a sign of affection
the act of using sth until it is completely finished
the willingness to accept or tolerate sb / sth , especially opinions or behaviour that you may not agree with , or people who are not like you
a night train with beds for passengers on it
a creature that is covered with feathers and has two wings and two legs . Most birds can fly .
an instrument used by doctors , with two long thin parts for picking up and holding things
to move or move sth very quickly and with great power in a particular direction
a hospital for people who are dying
having more workers than are needed
to remove part of the sex organs of an animal so that it cannot produce young
a particular aspect of sth
the fact or state of having swallowed or absorbed poison
treating people in a cruel and unfair way and not giving them the same freedom , rights , etc. as other people
the state of not being continuous
not exactly vertical or horizontal ; at an angle
a large group of people who play various musical instruments together , led by a conductor
not cut into separate pieces
formal and neat
inside the range or limits of sth
to look at sb / sth for a time , paying attention to what happens
a group of people who sing together , for example in church services or public performances
to describe or show sth accurately
to express great happiness about sth
a small sign of sth
closely and firmly ; tightly
up to the point in time or the event mentioned
that can be used for two different purposes
extremely interesting and attractive
from a distance
if you fasten your arms around sb , your teeth into sth , etc , or if your arms , teeth , etc. fasten around , into , etc. sb / sth , you hold the person / thing firmly with your arms , etc .
to stop sth from burning or shining
to take part in a public meeting or march , usually as a protest or to show support for sth
to have a particular name
used to show that you are not at all interested in or impressed by sth
a small solid piece of an illegal drug
to put sth in a place by pushing it firmly
prepared and ready for sth
the act of using the legal system to settle a disagreement , etc .
to break and fall to the ground
very strict and firm
making you feel unhappy , anxious or annoyed
on or in a ship , an aircraft or a train
to do sth for sb or give them a payment for sth that they have suffered
a soldier who goes in front of the others to look for danger
feeling affection for sb , especially sb you have known for a long time
money that is paid by a government or an organization to reduce the costs of services or of producing goods so that their prices can be kept low
ridiculous and not worth taking seriously
clever but possibly dishonest
not aware of sb / sth ; not noticing sth ; not conscious
a thing that can be seen and touched , but is not alive
any animal that has cold blood and skin covered in scales , and that lays eggs . Snakes , crocodiles and tortoises are all reptiles .
to pay the costs of a particular event , programme , etc. as a way of advertising
very bad ; not of good quality
to be able to organize your life well and keep calm
not at any time ; not on any occasion
more attractive or more suitable ; to be preferred to sth
to be opposite sb / sth ; to have your face or front pointing towards sb / sth or in a particular direction
a row of people or things next to each other or behind each other
showing no feeling , understanding or interest
a group of people with the same religious beliefs
typical of sb from a low social class and not having good manners
the feeling that sth is present or is going to happen very soon
the fact of sth being dangerous or harmful
relating to the place where or the time when sb was born
to examine people in order to find out if they have a particular disease or illness
of no particular type or size ; various
the abbreviation for ‘ mainstream media ’ ( traditional media such as newspapers and broadcasting )
to spend your life in a particular way
to make a new version of a recorded piece of music by using a machine to arrange the separate parts of the recording in a different way , add new parts , etc .
the industry of building aircraft , vehicles and equipment to be sent into space
to not be able to fight an attack , an illness , a temptation , etc .
if a member of the public retains sb such as a lawyer , he or she pays money regularly or in advance so the lawyer , etc. will do work for him or her
the preparation and use of land for growing plants or crops
a photograph
to have a short experience of sth , especially sth that you want more of
to act as a link between two or more people or groups
awkward , uncertain or hesitating
a unit or system of units by which weight is measured
tending to follow what is done or considered acceptable by society in general ; normal and ordinary , and perhaps not very interesting
to make sb / sth less strong or powerful ; to become less strong or powerful
to replace the original speech in a film / movie or television programme with words in another language
the activity of checking and correcting the written work or exam papers of students
not covered with much flesh
a person or company that supplies goods to shops / stores , etc .
the last part of sth that is moving away from you
a movement in art and literature in the 1920s and 30s that did not try to show realistic figures and scenes but aimed to express confidence in the modern world , particularly in modern machines
not very busy ; containing little action
used to describe an idea or a way of looking at a situation as being better or more positive than it really is
not full or round in shape
to hide or protect sth / sb by placing sth in front of or around them
money that you have saved , especially in a bank , etc .
pale , especially because of illness
easy to defend against attack or criticism
a person who makes a formal request for sth ( = applies for it ) , especially for a job , a place at a college or university , etc .
a person who has a special interest in sth , especially sb who keeps or breeds birds , animals or plants
to lead or extend from one place to another
showing or feeling respect
of or used at a funeral
more concerned with profit and being popular than with quality
willingly ; without being forced
correct in every detail
to write sth ; to make a note of sth
to touch sth lightly , usually several times
bad-tempered and not speaking , either on a particular occasion or because it is part of your character
that may be false and that cannot be relied on
an act of washing your hair using shampoo
made so that it can be seen from all sides
to imagine that sth is true as part of a game
using peaceful methods , not force , to bring about political or social change
success or satisfaction
a branch of the Scout Association for boys between the ages of eight and ten or eleven
used to say that sth that was expected has not happened
a long series of events or adventures and / or a report about them
involving , or done by , several people or groups of people working together
to make arrangements more final and fixed
used to say what has probably happened or is probably true
the rate at which sb / sth moves or travels
the fact of owning sth
to quickly make a meal or sth to eat
very suitable for a particular purpose and resulting from clever new ideas
the side of a ship or aircraft that is on the left when you are facing forward
the building near Washington DC that is the headquarters of the US Department of Defense and the military leaders
after sth else ; then ; afterwards
allowing more of sb 's body to be seen than usual
decay in teeth or bones
connected with ballistics
a person or team that has defeated all the other people or teams taking part in an important competition
the abbreviation for ‘ general practitioner ’ ( a doctor who is trained in general medicine and who works in the local community , not in a hospital )
any type of drink except water
a feeling that makes you do sth or believe that sth is true , even though it is not based on facts or reason
stupid or embarrassing , especially in a way that is more typical of a child than an adult
definitely true and based on inf ormation that can be proved
a small piece of wood , glass , etc. that has broken or been broken off an object
a strong or violent attack
serum taken from the blood of an animal and given to people to protect them from disease , poison , etc .
new and still developing
to make sth seem larger , better , worse or more important than it really is
the ability to decide sth clearly and quickly
an object that is not alive in the way that people and plants are
one of a set of small boxes that are fixed on a wall and open at the front , used for putting letters , messages , etc. in ; one of a similar set of boxes that are part of a desk , used for keeping papers , documents , etc. in
showing that you think about and care for other people
a child of your aunt or uncle
a person or thing that makes you want to be better , more successful , etc .
a cultural or religious custom that does not allow people to do , use or talk about a particular thing as people find it offensive or embarrassing
happening only for short periods ; not continuous or regular
the fur , hair or wool that covers an animal 's body
to arrange for a singer , etc. to perform on a particular date
not moving in an easy way ; not comfortable
not worried ; calm ; relaxed
an act or the process of finding sb / sth , or learning about sth that was not known about before
very silly or unreasonable
connected with a person 's armpit
a list of the food that is available at a restaurant or to be served at a meal
( in Kenya ) the informal jobs that people do to earn money , for example making useful things from old metal and wood
a strong substance that can be stretched and does not allow liquids to pass through it , used for making tyres , boots , etc . It is made from the liquid ( = sap ) inside a tropical plant or is produced using chemicals .
to say or state sth
ordinary people or people who are considered to have a low social position
very pretty ; attractive
like steel in colour
causing great pain , anxiety or difficulty
really ; in fact
a quality that a person or thing has that makes them so attractive or interesting that they have a strong influence on you
in which place , situation or thing ; in what way
a movement of sth spinning round and round
to score a goal that makes the score of both teams equal
to fall suddenly and quickly from a high level or position
using particular facts and examples to form general rules and principles
to choose sb for a job or position of responsibility
all the letters of the alphabet , especially as they are learnt by children
to make a serious promise to do sth
the information or other material contained on a website or CD-ROM
causing worry and fear
to be logical or consistent
to avoid doing sth you should do , especially because you are too lazy
to go straight forward
not necessary ; that can be got rid of
publicly and by sb who is in a position of authority
a type of fine smooth cloth made from silk thread
a natural ability to do sth well
the low , short sounds that a chicken makes
straight , and with great force
to pay attention to sth
something that is the product of mixing two or more different things
changing their form in the same way as most other verbs and nouns
the abbreviation for ‘ Doctor of Philosophy ’ ( a university degree of a very high level that is given to sb who has done research in a particular subject )
your name as you usually write it , for example at the end of a letter
the wife of a count or an earl
the cinema / the movies
to cause text to be carried over to a new line automatically as you reach the end of the previous line ; to be carried over in this way
to put sth somewhere and then be unable to find it again , especially for only a short time
to succeed in reaching a place in time , especially when this is difficult
the use of land , oil , minerals , etc .
if a chemical solution ( = a liquid with sth dissolved in it ) is saturated , it contains the greatest possible amount of the substance that has been dissolved in it
to put sth somewhere and keep it there to use later
to suddenly try to hit sb
a feeling of being confused because you do not understand sth
the history , traditions and qualities that a country or society has had for many years and that are considered an important part of its character
written or printed with a special mark on it to show it should be pronounced in a particular way
very ; extremely ; completely
used to emphasize how bad , stupid , etc. sth is
to notice or make a link between people , things , events , etc .
a thin flat part that sticks out from the body of a vehicle , an aircraft , etc , used for improving its balance and movement
to arrange for sth to happen or to be provided
the quality of being done carefully and gently
to find the exact position of sb / sth
a small city in the US state of Illinois . The opinions of the people who live there are considered to be typical of opinions in the whole of the US .
the system of official rules and ways of doing things that a government or an organization has , especially when these seem to be too complicated
to stop doing sth , especially a job
generous
to produce flames and heat
a person who steals sth from another person or place
if sth shows , people can see it . If sth shows a mark , dirt , etc , the mark can be seen .
an amount of food given to sb at a meal
a person who is the first to study and develop a particular area of knowledge , culture , etc. that other people then continue to develop
to give sth to sb without their having to make any effort to get it
to go around enjoying yourself in a way that annoys other people or makes the m jealous
a system for representing pieces of data using the numbers 0-9 and the letters A-F
an animal , especially a horse , that has hair of two colours mixed together
impressive and large or important
discussion of prices , conditions , etc. with the aim of reaching an agreement that is acceptable
to move your hand or arm from side to side in the air in order to attract attention , say hello , etc .
the activity of testing sb / sth in order to find sth out , see if it works , etc .
not certain ; that you do not accept without question
one of the groups of an army with a special responsibility
a share of sth ; an amount of sth
cotton cloth that has a pattern printed on it ; this pattern
trying to appear important , intelligent , etc. in order to impress other people ; trying to be sth that you are not , in order to impress
a thing that you keep or give to sb to remind you or them of a person or place
a group or set of similar things that are made to fit inside each other
used to describe the highest level of sth , or a time when the greatest number of people are doing sth or using sth
something that you think of or remember
to be full of a particular feeling
a thick soup , especially one made from shellfish
to disturb sb because you want to ask them sth
having strong relationships with each other and taking a close , friendly interest in each other 's activities and problems
a large area of land with grass but few trees , especially in SE Europe and Siberia
to become involved in sth ; to start sth
a tall narrow building or part of a building , especially of a church or castle
costing a lot of money
to make or complete sth quickly and often not very well
to deliberately forget an experience because it was unpleasant or embarrassing
general ; not detailed
causing a lot of damage and destruction
outdoors
meat from a chicken
a small simple building , usually built of wood or metal , used for keeping things in
perfect ; most suitable
wearing a veil
to walk somewhere in a slow relaxed way
a room or building used for scientific research , experiments , testing , etc .
a person who is in a position of authority in the government or a large organization
very definite and direct and not very polite
100 , especially when connected with a speed of 100 miles per hour
to give sth a smooth even shape so that it can move quickly and easily through air or water
to have an image or idea of sth / sb in your mind
the act of inviting sb or of being invited
a word or remark that is pejorative expresses disapproval or criticism
the act of separating people or things ; the state of being separate
to make a figure , result , etc. wrong
shining brightly with many small flashes of light
to show that an idea , a belief , etc. is false ; to show that sth is not as good as people think it is
to be the person who introduces reports or reads the news on television or radio
smooth and even ; without lumps or holes
a group of people within an organization or a community who use their power to get advantages for themselves
hired for a particular purpose
arranged or happening when necessary and not planned in advance
the machinery in a vehicle used to make it move backwards
the numbers that are used for a particular town , area or country , in front of an individual telephone number
a copy of printed material which is produced so that mistakes can be corrected
not considered correct by most educated people
each of the sounds made by a clock or bell giving the hours
suffering and problems caused by not having enough money , food , etc .
in or into a vehicle
with the edge upwards or forwards ; on one side
ultraviolet
quiet , especially in a way that lacks excitement
connected with a church parish
owed to sb as a debt , because it is their right or because they have done sth to deserve it
the appearance that things have that results from the way in which they reflect light . Red , orange and green are colours .
a feeling of liking sb , especially sexually
a meeting of school students before a sports event to encourage support for the team
to continue to exist
to close sth firmly so that it will not open ; to be closed in this way
to reach a place
to officially prevent sb from doing sth , joining sth , etc .
to go around a corner
a group of words whose meaning is different from the meanings of the individual words
to end or to end sth after a fixed period of time
made to look as if they are moving
lines , colours or shapes painted on roads , vehicles , etc .
what will happen to sb / sth at a later time
dirty and therefore likely to cause disease
an act of giving proof or evidence for sth
to persuade sb to do sth that they do not really want to do , especially by using their lack of knowledge or experience
an organization or a company that provides sth for the public or does sth for the government
most of a group of people or things
a person who behaves badly , but in a harmless way
to pay attention to sb / sth that you can hear
a person or an organization that competes against others , especially in business
the hollow inside of a tube , such as a pipe or a gun ; the width of the hole
left by a person or people who do not intend to return
to create particular conditions that exi st in real life using computers , models , etc , usually for study or training purposes
the area of a town where Jews were forced to live in the past
the ability to think about or plan the future with great imagination and intelligence
on the subject of sb / sth ; in connection with sb / sth
to have much less of a particular quality than sb / sth
happening or working in three ways or directions , or between three people
a thing that has not been included or done
the position ahead of everyone else in a race or competition
( especially in Britain ) an organization and a place where people , usually men only , can meet together socially or stay
to move quickly through the air in a way that makes a soft sound ; to make sth do this
in , at or to another place
lacking the amount that is needed
used to show that you are being honest about sth , even though people might not like what you are saying
to try and reach a place by feeling with your hands because you cannot see clearly
a person , an object , an event , etc. that represents a more general quality or situation
a chemical used for killing pests , especially insects
a guilty feeling about sth you have done or failed to do
in a way that is connected with the practical use of machinery , methods , etc. in science and industry
in order to prevent sth from happening
a situation in which sth gets worse or decreases over a period of time
to move making a loud noise like hard objects knocking together
an agreement to marry sb ; the period during which two people are engaged
a television channel
a secret look around a place
having the number of levels mentioned
going directly to the correct place
having no useful or serious purpose
to make a loud unpleasant noise
based on instinct , not thought or training
not important
to produce small bright flashes of light
not too strong and blowing in the right direction
involving making fair , careful judgements about the good and bad qualities of sb / sth
to spend money
to pile coal , etc. on a fire so that the fire burns slowly for a long time
the part of a gun that you press in order to fire it
to keep information or facts in a computer or in your brain
a part of sth that sticks out at the front
the fact of staying where you are or delaying doing sth until sb / sth comes or sth happens
used as the object of a verb or preposition to show that each member of a group does sth to or for the other members
to hand sth to sb as a present ; to allow sb to have sth as a present
an arrangement that sb has with a company that allows them to use the Internet , send and receive messages by email , etc .
to tell sb about sth that another person has done wrong
to accept that sth is true
a group of customers who are of a similar age , the same sex , etc .
to order sb to appear in court ; to name sb officially in a legal case
if a surface is stacked with objects , there are large numbers or piles of them on it
connected with electricity ; using , produced by or producing electricity
the words that are used in a piece of writing or speech , especially when they have been carefully chosen
extremely pleased
a detailed description of how sth is , or should be , designed or made
fences ; wood , wire , or other material used for making fences
the advantage in a discussion or an argument , etc .
the act of giving sth to sb ; the act of giving sb a particular task
a description that gives you an idea in your mind of what sth is like
to move a liquid from one container to another , using a siphon
to happen as a result of a particular situation
that is legally or officially acceptable
to shake small pieces of sth or drops of a liquid on sth
very friendly with sb , especially in a way that makes other people suspicious
containing slate ; like slate
failing to give sb / sth enough care or attention , especially when this has serious results
to take sb / sth away from a person or place , especially by force ; to steal sth
in or to the parts of a town or city that are away from the centre , where people live
to remove sth / sb from a place or a person
spreading in an untidy way
becoming or making sth less advanced
a mark on sb 's school record showing that they have done sth wrong
a small piece of film held in a frame that can be shown on a screen when you shine a light through it
not needed in the situation and likely to be offensive
relaxed ; not formal or awkward
an event that may or may not happen
a cover placed over a device or machine , for example , to protect it
a deep continuous sound
to tie sb 's arms and legs tightly so that they cannot move or escape
a small amount of liquid that falls onto sth ; the mark that this makes
to separate sth into parts and give a share to each of a number of different people , etc .
something that people do not agree on and that prevents progress in a discussion
children of your own
behaviour or attitudes that show high moral standards
harmful effects on sb / sth
made of cast iron
a round open area in a town where several streets meet
to calculate or estimate sth fairly accurately
that you only pay tax on later
connected with longitude
used especially in shops / stores to describe clothes for men
a person or thing that contrasts with , and therefore emphasizes , the qualities of another person or thing
to send or throw sth up or away from yourself
to give an official order to sb , especially a soldier , to do a particular task
to get a degree , especially your first degree , from a university or college
soft and thick , like mush
an organized set of ideas or theories or a particular way of doing sth
a person or thing that carries sth
the belief that a country should have great military strength in order to be powerful
to increase your experience , knowledge , etc .
to be successful / unsuccessful in a particular situation
a person 's family origins
to bend sth , especially paper or cloth , so that one part lies on top of another part
the time , usually twice a day , when the roads are full of traffic and trains are crowded because people are travelling to or from work
very similar ; related
a period of 15 minutes either before or after every hour
the act of washing plates , glasses , pans , etc. after a meal
the side or slope of a mountain
to deliberately try and make people excited or feel strongly about sth
a small amount of snow , rain , etc. that falls for a short time and then stops
having bad luck
to say or write sth in a particular way
very strong and sudden , often like being cut or wounded
things that make a bad situation better
a person , place or thing that is especially good
to put information in an official record or write a record of events
to stop or reduce stro ng or unpleasant feelings
a dull steady light , especially from a fire that has stopped producing flames
used as a swear word when sb is disagreeing with sth , or when they are angry about sth
if two rooms communicate , they are next to each other and you can get from one to the other
to hit sb hard with your fist
very enjoyable and pleasant ; wonderful
to use your power , rights or personal qualities in order to achieve sth
the whole number of
a road vehicle with two wheels , driven by an engine , with one seat for the driver and often a seat for a passenger behind the driver
a short lo ud sound made by a gun or a voice
a series of hiccups
to ask sb a lot of questions about their ideas , actions , etc , often in an unpleasant way
the system of paying criminals so that they will not attack your business or property
( in Britain ) one of the group of teams that a sport competition is divided into , especially in football ( soccer )
extremely bad and shocking or frightening
able to do or produce everything that you need without the help of other people
something disgusting
a substance that people put on their bodies to prevent or hide unpleasant smells
an amount of money that sb is willing to pay for sth
very delicate , and not natural
a heavy gun that fires bombs and shells high into the air ; the bombs that are fired by this gun
the bullets that are fired from a gun
the quality of being accurate
having a useful and helpful effect rather than being negative or with no purpose
that is helpful and easy to use ; that helps sb / sth or does not harm it
in a way that produces the intended result or a successful result
to say or do what sb in authority tells you to say or do , even if you do not share the same opinions , etc .
used to introduce a new idea or suggestion
a strong feeling that sth unpleasant or dangerous is going to happen
to feel unhappy or upset
to twist and turn your body or part of it with quick short movements
the steady and continuous movement of sth / sb in one direction
having the type of will mentioned
a game played by two teams of five players , using a large ball which players try to throw into a high net hanging from a ring
to make it possible to recognize who or what sb / sth is
to give sb a lot of pleasure and enjoyment
the state of being not very large , expensive , important , etc .
to move from one place to another ; to move sth / sb from one place to another
to fill the dead body of an animal with material and preserve it , so that it keeps its original shape and appearance
the scientific study and treatment of the medical conditions and diseases of women , especially those connected with sexual reproduction
to wait until you can speak to the person you have telephoned
as a group rather than separately
in a way that leaves no possibility of doubt
inside
full of emotion , excitement , activity , etc .
involving very strong criticism
to take out weeds from the ground
in a very direct way , without trying to be polite or kind
to fail an exam , a test or a course
used to describe a time in the past when life was good
happening with or caused by haemorrhage
to make sb do sth by persuading them that it is wrong not to do it
until now ; until the particular time you are talking about
a piece of meat or fish that has no bones in it
saying nice things about sb / sth
the direction that sb / sth is moving or located in
art , music , theatre , literature , etc. when you think of them as a group
the lack of light in a place , especially because it is night
to annoy or irritate sb
to produce a photograph from a film
to fill sth , especially a plane , with fuel in order to continue a journey ; to be filled with fuel
wide in range and involving many things
not doing sth ; preventing sth from existing or happening
a school or college for special training
a collection of things , which may be similar or different
a wire or plastic net that is held in a frame and fastened on a window , or a door , to let in air but keep out insects
used for expressing strong agreement
able to speak three languages equally well
of the present time or recent times
the act of stealing things
the quality of behaving calmly and with control
the action of forming sth ; the process of being formed
the act of offering prices , especially at an auction
a person who owns or has sth
at the same moment as
to cause sb / sth to fail
to move away or back
the quality of continuing to try to achieve a particular aim despite difficulties
to press a key or set of keys on a computer keyboard in order to turn a feature on or off , or to move from one program , etc. to another
not having the right or necessary qualities for sth
the attractive qualities of sth
as much or as many as is possible ; not limited in any way
below a level of quality that is usual or expected
a separate section of a train for carrying passengers
the fact of a fire suddenly starting to burn again more strongly than before
small , firm and attractive
the ability to suffer sth , especially pain , difficult conditions , etc. without being harmed
to prepare a bed for use ; to create a temporary bed
to do sth in the same way or pattern every time
a place with many houses , shops / stores , etc. where people live and work . It is larger than a village but smaller than a city .
church
something that is difficult for you to do or achieve
to start to exist
something that you need or want
a large fruit with hard green , yellow or orange skin , sweet flesh and juice and a lot of seeds
the state or quality of being enthusiastic and / or friendly
the fact that sth is preventing sth / sb from succeeding
having a lot of physical power so that you can lift heavy weights , do hard physical work , etc .
to go or move somewhere quickly and suddenly
to be in a particular place , especially while waiting to go somewhere
a tool made of two crossed pieces of metal , used for holding things firmly and pulling things , for example nails out of wood
something that is put inside sth else , or added to sth else
the process of becoming or making sb / sth healthy again ; the process of getting better after an emotional shock
to look or not look attractive in photographs
to fail a test or an exam very badly
the first man to introduce a new way of thinking about sth or of doing sth
a person that you work with or that is like you ; a thing that is similar to the one mentioned
to search for sth , using your hands
a person who gets pleasure , especially sexual pleasure , from hurting other people
to hold a trial of sb in a military court
wanting a lot of new information and knowledge
a measurement of the number of times sth happens or exists during a particular period
to include a large area or a lot of things
based on good evidence
to behave in a particular way , in order to make other people believe sth that is not true
that has been continuing for a long time
a covered vehicle with no side windows in its back half , usually smaller than a lorry / truck , used for carrying goods or people
long hair that is divided in two and tied at each side of the head
a player who takes part in a sports competition against another country
without a father , either because he has died or because he does not live with his children
to take part in a boxing match
to travel in a vehicle , especially as a passenger
a flower with a sweet smell that grows on a bush with thorns ( = sharp points ) on its stems
to try to reach an agreement by formal discussion
an occasion when the name of a person or thing is mentioned or included in a list
a general or scientific law that explains how sth works or why sth happens
to come into a place slowly or in small amounts
of greater importance or of higher quality than sb / sth
having the type of manners mentioned
to come down to the ground after jumping , falling or being thrown
a machine that is used to force liquid , gas or air into or out of sth
a long piece of furniture lik e a bed , especially in a doctor 's office
unable to be successful in a particular career
making sth perfect or complete
small stones , often used to make the surface of paths and roads
the male ruler of an independent state that has a royal family
wrong because you have understood or judged a situation badly
very strong ; impossible to control or stop
to die because there is no air to breathe ; to kill sb by not letting them breathe air
very easy and pleasant ; needing little or no effort
to notice or be aware of sth because it is touching you or having a physical effect on you
full of energy ; wanting to play
the fact of not giving enough care or attention to sth / sb ; the state of not receiving enough care or attention
clever at getting what you want , and willing to trick people
used to express surprise , shock , etc .
a tendency to prefer sth or to believe in particular ideas , opinions , etc .
to become or make sb become very hot
the spiritual part of a person , believed to exist after death
in or towards the front part of a ship or plane
to fly very high in the air or remain high in the air
used to show that sth is not a surprise to you , as you could easily have predicted that it would happen or be true
the ability or willingness to believe that sth is real or true
a person who communicates sth to others
a written work published in printed or electronic form
unpleasant in a way that makes you feel disapproval
a way of referring to the money that a government , an organization , etc. has available to spend
weighing a lot ; difficult to lift or move
to give time , money , tasks , etc. to sb / sth as a share of what is available
to make a bad situation better ; to get back sth that was lost
a place where a building , town , etc. was , is or will be located
a size of railway / railroad track that is not as wide as the standard track that is used in Britain and the US
having the colour of blood or fire
used to show that you are being more accurate about sth that you have just said
of the most basic kind
the part of your mind that tells you whether your actions are right or wrong
to fall onto sb / sth , especially in a lot of small pieces
a man employed in the past at the court of a king or queen to amuse people by telling jokes and funny stories
a person who leads a group of people , especially the head of a country , an organization , etc .
a critical comment made about sb / sth while you are talking about sb / sth completely different
against the accepted rules of behaviour in a parliament
to end a romantic relationship with sb in a sudden and unkind way
very good at doing sth ; knowing a lot about sth
the position , especially an important one , that sb is advertised or described as having in a show , etc .
to increase the size , quality or number of sth
the habits and customs of a particular group of people
an evening when a special event happens
the act of giving time or effort to a particular task in order to make it successful
the part of a piece of electrical equipment that gives out heat
used to refer to sb / sth that is the only , normal or obvious one of their kind
that cannot be trusted or depended on
connected with or similar to feudalism
a loud cry of pain , excitement , etc .
to win back a place , position , etc. that was previously taken from you by an enemy or a rival
coins of low value
to push through sth , touching it with your chest
to order sb to be sent to a hospital , prison , etc .
with plenty of fresh air because there is a lot of space
a strong desire for more wealth , possessions , power , etc. than a person needs
the top or highest part of sth
to do two or more things at the same time
to be removed from sth by washing or cleaning
into sth
to live and take meals in sb 's home , in return for payment
evil or immoral
hot , with the sun shining
the position of a figure after a decimal point
the feelings or connections that you have with a place because you have lived there or your family came from there
without any unusual or interesting features
to become or make sb / sth become calm or relaxed
to remove sth from a hook ; to undo the hooks on clothes , etc .
to make yourself ready to do sth or for sth that you expect to happen
fruit baked in a dish with pastry on the bottom , sides and top
unusually ; in a surprising way
to fix or place sth in a particular position , so that it will not move
loud and hard
a space or passage inside the entrance or front door of a building
to put sth back in the place where it was before
to trick sb into believing sth that is not true
the relationship between two people , usually a strong sexual attraction
an urgent emotional request
an attempt to make sth happen by thinking hard about it , especially in stories when it often happens by magic
to force sth to go in a particular direction or into a particular position by pushing it , hitting it , etc .
that cannot be cured and will lead to death , often slowly
to make sb / sth less aware of sth , especially a problem or sth bad , by making them become used to it
new , exciting and of great interest to people
a slight shaking movement in a part of your body caused , for example , by cold or fear
a long series of things that happen ( usually bad things )
one of the three traditional divisions of the natural world
the act of behaving in a particular way , in order to make other people believe sth that is not true
a transparent sheet with drawings , figures , etc. on it that can be placed on top of another sheet in order to change it
having a mark or marks like a ring on it
a whole main course of a meal , served on one plate
causing a lot of angry public discussion and disagreement
to raise or increase sth
a piece of work or a job that has been done badly
a small bet
if a sound rises , it becomes louder and higher
a man who comes from the place mentioned or whose job or interest is connected with the thing mentioned
to keep close to sth for a distance
full of living or moving things
to choose sb as an officer in one of the armed forces
a tall tree with broad leaves
the deliberate ending of a pregnancy at an early stage
difficulties and feelings of anxiety that are caused by the need to achieve or to behave in a particular way
to limit sth or make it happen in a particular way
to lose power or stop working
to curl very tightly ; to make hair do this
happening every night
things that people are saying that may not be true
having no fear
to make sth , especially sb 's confidence or authority , gradually weaker or less effective
of the highest standard of skill in cooking
remaining faithful to sb / sth and supporting them or it
all the people who work for a company or in a country
( in England ) a small country area that has its own elected local government
an annoying or unpleasant person . People sometimes say so-and-so to avoid using an offensive word .
to add water to an alcoholic drink
an order to appear in court
a favourite person or thing
that can be punished , especially by law
in what way or manner
for which tickets need to be obtained in advance
a boy or young man
behaving well ; peaceful
paper , plastic , etc. used for covering sth in order to protect it
that has not become smaller or weaker
without being aware
to make a feeling or an attitude stronger
the coldest season of the year , between autumn / fall and spring
a detailed description of sth , especially the design and materials needed to produce sth
a sound that people make to show that they are surprised or relieved about sth or that they are very hot or tired
to pass quickly through sth
to seem very bad , unpleasant or dishonest
to do more or to spend more money than you originally planned
not complete or whole
to cause a race to be run
a person who regularly does a particular activity , especially one that requires skill
to make sth more modern by adding new parts , etc .
the quality of working hard
the act of doing sth wrong or illegal
the whole of sth
an act of trying to escape from a particular situation to one that you think is safer or more pleasant
very great ; on a large scale
a plan of action agreed or chosen by a political party , a business , etc .
a small European bird . There are several types of tit .
worry or fear that sth unpleasant may happen
to produce sth ; to publish sth
not severe
the action of hitting sb / sth with the flat part of your hand
to become very angry , excited or unable to think clearly
to make a long deep cut in sth , especially a person 's skin
to spread a liquid or other substance over a surface while pressing firmly
to make it difficult for sth to continue in the normal way
a liquid that makes hair soft and shiny after washing
to prevent direct light from reaching sth
connected with glands that do not put substances directly into the blood but export their product through tubes for use outside the body
used between repeated words to show that sth is repeated or continuing
a strong feeling of dislike
the process of supplying heat to a room or building ; a system used to do this
used to introduce a contrasting fact , etc. that must be considered
a person whose job is to help people who are sick or injured , but who is not a doctor or a nurse
courage and the willingness to take risks
to continue to cause problems for sb for a long time
like flour ; tasting of flour
to support sth that you think is right and make sure that it continues to exist
care for small children , or for old or sick people , away from home , during the day
a system of marking things with different colours so that you can easily identify them
everything connected with occult practices , etc .
needing great care and attention to detail
an organized activity that involves several people doing different things
made to work too hard or too much
either of two periods of time into which a sports game , concert , etc. is divided
to suffer or die because you do not have enough food to eat ; to make sb suffer or die in this way
having the same centre
a person who takes part in a sport or other activity for enjoyment , not as a job
reflective surfaces send back light or heat
used to say that sth is finished , or that no more can be done
made of wool
not able to see clearly , especially because you are tired
to state or show that sth is definitely true or correct , especially by providing evidence
unpleasant and strange because connected with death and frightening things
to study a subject at school , college , etc .
very shocking and upsetting
used in exclamations
in whatever way
used when you are asking or talking about the distance between two places or the distance that has been travelled or is to be travelled
to make sb poor
to increase very quickly and suddenly
bad-tempered ; easily made angry
the period of a person 's life during which their sexual organs develop and they become capable of having children
to follow sb closely , especially in order to watch where they go and what they do
to complain or say that you are not happy about sth
the surface of a road that is covered with tar
to agree to give sb m oney for a charity if they complete a particular task
moral principles that control or influence a person 's behaviour
a long thin piece of material like string that goes through the holes on a shoe and is used to fasten it
a small piece of glass , wood , etc. with a hole through it , that can be put on a string with others of the same type and worn as jewellery , etc .
to do sb else 's job for a short time or work during different hours so that they can do your job or work during your usual hours
to become thick or solid
a tight , hard feeling in the stomach , throat , etc. caused by nerves , anger , etc .
to flow slowly and in small quantities through sth or into sth
to be connected with sth using an interface ; to connect sth in this way
listening or watching carefully and with interest
bad , dirty or of low quality
having qualities that do not seem to belong to this world
the act of hitting sb / sth hard ; the sound made by this
a person who makes illegal copies of DVDs , computer programs , books , etc , in order to sell them
to stay in a particular condition or position ; to make sb / sth do this
the outside limit of an object , a surface or an area ; the part furthest from the centre
to prevent sth from growing or developing
a unit for measuring how pure gold is . The purest gold is 24 carats .
a particular kind of teaching or training
to turn or balance on a central point ( = a pivot ) ; to make sth do this
all through a period of time
the correct or usual way to do sth
to put sth down or stop using it
to meet in order to do official business
a sudden strong hit with sth pointed or with a fist ( = a tightly closed hand )
able to do many different things
to present sb / sth in a particular way
an answer to a puzzle or to a problem in mathematics
to rise up and down with strong , regular movements
to help sb by doing what they want
the pressure that is put on sth when a physical force stretches , pushes , or pulls it
the process or experience of changing your religion or beliefs
disgusting or very unpleasant
the feeling or appearance of believing sth strongly and of being sure about it
an extremely large number of sth
not believing in or respecting God
without being invited or asked
to record data in the memory of a computer
that is over there ; that you can see over there
a high place or position
to make food , drink , etc. go down your throat into your stomach
to spend time and / or energy doing sth
a thick woven material made of wool , etc. for covering floors or stairs
used to emphasize that there is a large amount of sth
something that is wrapped in paper or put into a thick envelope so that it can be sent by mail , carried easily , or given as a present
a person on the left wing of a political party
a very young child or animal
a person who sees sth that is happening but is not involved
a road vehicle with two wheels that you ride by pushing the pedals with your feet
in a way that makes a lot of noise or can be easily heard
a small thing such as an idea or a fact that people think of as valuable
that is / are going to be mentioned next
at some time in the past
to change sth that is old , damaged , etc. for a similar thing that is newer or better
a teacher , especially one who teaches adults or who has a special role in a school or college
to cut very thin pieces from the surface of wood , etc .
a strong shoe that covers the foot and ankle and often the lower part of the leg
the main church of a district , under the care of a bishop ( = a priest of high rank )
the 23rd letter of the English alphabet
to make sb behave or think in a more serious and sensible way ; to become more serious and sensible
a part of sth , especially cloth , that is folded or hangs as if it had been folded
involving people , countries , etc. that live or are located near each other
not able to speak , especially because you are extremely angry or surprised
a large building used for sports or entertainment
the place that sth originally came from
to decide that sth is worth a particular amount of money
the central part of a telephone system used by a company , etc , where telephone calls are answered and put through ( = connected ) to the appropriate person or department ; the people who work this equipment
to be formed from sth
to say that you disapprove of sb / sth ; to say what you do not like or think is wrong about sb / sth
a number of people standing or sitting next to each other in a line ; a number of objects arranged in a lin e
to fire a gun or other weapon ; to fire sth from a weapon
in the part of a theatre , restaurant , etc. where the public sits
next to or at the side of sb / sth
in a way that causes a lot of suffering or damage , or that costs a lot of money
to show that you have noticed sb / sth by smiling , waving , etc .
a meeting , especially one that is sudden , unexpected or violent
not clearly defined
the number of years that a person has lived or a thing has existed
if sth defeats you , you cannot understand it
to cover a surface with things
to come or bring sth out of the water and onto the beach
to make a hole in the ground or to move soil from one place to another using your hands , a tool or a machine
a drink made with wine ( usually white ) mixed with either soda water or sparkling mineral water ( = with bubbles in it )
located on or living on the land
evil or frightening
to produce a musical note , sound , etc. by pressing a key or hitting sth
to be a symbol of sth
loved or valued very much
people who have expert knowledge of sth
praise or attention that sb gives to a new book , film / movie , etc. in order to encourage people to buy or see it
to be all around sth / sb
experiencing a particular process
to repair and paint an old building , a piece of furniture , etc. so that it is in good condition again
to turn or wind threads , etc. together to make sth longer or thicker
to be sold at a particular price
to change into a new form
to aim a sudden violent blow at sb / sth
a mixture of clay , etc. that was used in the past for making walls
spending a lot of time on sth
used to ask sb to pretend that sth is true or to imagine that sth will happen
containing furniture
to refer to sth ; to provide a book , etc. with references
an activity involving a special skill at making things with your hands
a serious or violent event , such as a crime , an accident or an attack
in honour of sb / sth
secret or hidden , making it difficult to notice
hot weather ; the hot conditions in a building / vehicle , etc .
to cause sth to be delayed
to fall on a surface in drops , often noisily
behaviour that shows you find sb sexually attractive but are not serious about them
entertainment in the form of magic tricks , especially ones which seem to make things appear or disappear
unable to answer or understand sth
a place which is dirty or untidy
an angry look or expres sion
to stop sth from increasing beyond a particular amount or level
not effective ; not showing determination or energy
much too high
the part of sth that is furthest forward
to want sth very much , especially sth that belongs to sb else
important ; serious
work , especially of a hard physical kind
a position of the body
the act of setting a person or an animal free ; the state of being set free
a quick movement down and up of your head and body
money that the government pays regularly to people who are poor , unemployed , sick , etc .
a situation in which there is not enough of sth ; a lack of sth
board made by sticking thin layers of wood on top of each other
grand and impressive beauty
the act of restricting or preventing a process or an action
a feeling of extreme pleasure and happiness
behaviour or attitudes that show people 's vanity
the act of helping sb to do sth
to harm or punish sb who has harmed or cheated you in the past
a series of similar items in which each is almost the same as the ones next to it but the last is very different from the first
to find a new owner for a pet , especially a dog or cat , usually after caring for it for a time
an event , a piece of news , etc. that is unexpected or that happens suddenly
to check that sth is true or accurate
a person , an animal or a plant that lives , grows or is often found in a particular place
to have a particular job or position
very fast and with a lot of force
the top part of a pig 's leg that has been cured ( = preserved using salt or smoke ) and is eaten as food ; the meat from this
all the documents that you need for sth , such as a court case or buying a house
the rate at which a sound or electromagnetic wave vibrates ( = moves up and down )
a particular type of gas or mixture of gases used as fuel for heating and cooking
to make sth flat or smooth by using force or putting sth heavy on top
not having enough money to spend , with the result that it cannot function well
to make a solid become part of a liquid
used to introduce more exact and detailed information about sth that you have just mentioned
to pass over sth by jumping
an enthusiastic interest in sth such as a sport or a hobby
the supporting structure of a piece of furniture , a building , a vehicle , etc. that gives it its shape
to begin to consider that sb is good or acceptable after a long period during which they were considered bad or unacceptable
a day that a group of workers spend together away from their usual place of work in order to discuss ideas or plans
to move smoothly ( on wheels or as if on wheels ) ; to make sth do this
the state or fact of being real or living or of being present
before a particular period of time has passed ; during a particular period of time
the act of becoming involved in sth
a boxer weighing between 51 and 53.5 kilograms , or a wrestler who weighs between 52 and 57 kilograms , heavier than a flyweight
where you cannot see well because there is not much light
that cannot be returned
an animal or a thing that is very large or ugly
the right to stay permanently in your job , especially as a teacher at a university
to show an image of sb / sth in a picture
to be full of activity
to arrest sb for committing a crime
( in the US ) a government department or part of a government department
not having or showing much experience of the world and social situations
to perform the activity or task mentioned ~ the ironing , cooking , shopping , etc .
with people being told only the things they need to know when they need to know them , and no more than that
a mixture of various things that were not originally intended to form a group
a person whose job is to carry sth , especially at a ceremony
not fair , morally right or legal
typical of a particular person
the area that is near or around a building , etc .
a person who writes the questions for , or marks / grades , a test of knowledge or ability
connected with a charity or charities
to fill with clouds
a large deep hole in the ground
to persuade a customer to buy more products or a more expensive product than they originally intended
an act that you give yourself to do , or that a priest gives you to do in order to show that you are sorry for sth you have done wrong
silly or stupid
to treat sth as less serious or important than it really is
used to identify a person
used with adjectives to show the cause of sth
gentle attempts to persuade sb to do sth or to get a machine to start
used with periods of time related to the present
to stop sth from continuing ; to destroy sth because it is a problem for you
a set of questions in a book that tests your knowledge or practises a skill
a place where vehicles are repaired and where you can buy a car or buy petrol / gas and oil
usually followed by a past participle showing that sth has been made , prepared , etc. recently
very close together
something that is shaped like a wedge or that is used like a wedge
if a vehicle or building disgorges people , they come out of it in large numbers
a person , especially a boy or young man , who is extremely interested in sth such as a particular type of music or software
a part of a government or other large organization that deals with one particular aspect of its work
a small hole in a surface , often one of a series of small holes
to talk or shout in a way that is not logical or sensible
of the sex that can lay eggs or give birth to babies
said or done by sb as they leave
the number of beats in a bar / measure of music
a ship that can travel underwater
a country house with farm buildings
per year ( from Latin ‘ per annum ’ )
connected with the anus
to repair sth , especially in a temporary way by adding a new piece of material or a patch
to present a film / movie on television with the width a lot greater than the height , and with a black band at the top and bottom
in a perfect way
a title used for some high official positions in Britain
to be too generous in allowing sb to have or do whatever they like
having its own kitchen , bathroom and entrance
a person who has been trained to advise people with problems , especially personal problems
to take an animal for a walk ; to make an animal walk somewhere
very severe an d that people find very difficult to pay
to add a small amount of alcohol , a drug , poison , etc. to a drink
a young person who is unusually intelligent or skilful for their age
to take part in a n audition
to fall in small drops or in a thin stream
to tell the public about a product or a service in order to encourage people to buy or to use it
to feel great embarrassment or shame
a road vehicle , usually with four wheels , that is pulled by one or more horses and was used in the past to carry people
a thing or person that has been found , especially one that is interesting , valuable or useful
if hair rises , it stands vertical instead of lying flat
the quality of being suitable , or likely to be successful
a title that comes before a married woman 's family name or before her first and family names together
a flat / apartment in a former factory , etc , that has been made suitable for living in
careful and patient , with no sudden actions
to choose sb / sth from a group of people or things
made in the particular way that is mentioned
a seed , or pod containing seeds , of a climbing plant , eaten as a vegetable . There are several types of bean and the plants that they grow on are also called beans .
a thing that sb does that is usually very good or very bad
to treat sb 's injuries , especially quickly or temporarily
used to mean ‘ there is no problem ’
to say
a soldier who has been killed in a war , whose body has not been identified , and who is buried in special ceremony . The Unknown Soldier is a symbol for all the soldiers killed in a particular war or in wars generally
having a future which has been decided or planned at an earlier time , especially by fate
the first part of the small intestine , next to the stomach
the process of learning sth
a friendly relationship between two countries
faster than the speed of sound
for each person
something such as a handle or rope that you use to pull sth
the ability to do sth well
at a time that is not fixed
lasting for the whole of sb 's life
that must be respected and not attacked or destroyed
a large round theatre without a roof , used for concerts , etc. outdoors
a vehicle that uses diesel fuel
positioned in the correct way ; level , vertical or parallel to sth
not yet paid , done , solved , etc .
a failure of a relationship , discussion or system
an object or a pile of things that has the shape of a pyramid
because you believe it will bring you good luck , or because this is a traditional belief
to throw sth or make sth fall violently onto a hard surface ; to beat against a surface
broadcast or published in several separate parts
a holy table in a church or temple
that can resist or protect against the thing mentioned
not lucky and ending sadly , especially in death or failure
a person who is very good and successful at sth , especially at a young age
to behave in an anxious or excited way
pleasant ; friendly and easy to like
proudly talked about or praised as being very good , especially when this is not deserved
happening or being born before the normal length of pregnancy has been completed
a fault or a weakness in sth / sb that makes it or them less successful
an object used to keep sth in position or as part of a machine
used to express doubt or surprise
a hard brown sweet food made from cocoa beans , used in cooking to add flavour to cakes , etc. or eaten as a sweet / candy
a means of earning money in order to live
the abbreviation for unique selling proposition or unique selling point ( a feature of a product or service that makes it different from all the others that are available and is a reason for people to choose it )
very ill / sick , crazy or drunk
to put sb in a new position of authority , often with an official ceremony
a way of using words that are the opposite of what you mean in order to be unpleasant to sb or to make fun of them
consisting of or decorated with many colours , especially bright ones
to put flour or some other fine substance through a sieve / sifter
having more than a basic knowledge of sth but not yet advanced ; suitable for sb who is at this level
to state clearly and firmly that sth must be done , or how it must be done
an act of plagiarizing sth ; sth that has been plagiarized
not as busy or as active as it used to be
a small amount of air , smoke , etc. that is blown from somewhere
a group of things that are organized or placed in a particular order or position ; the act of placing things in a particular order
made by knitting wool or thread
to create or establish sth
to make sth dirty or untidy
attractive in a sexual way with large breasts and hips
a cap given to sb who is chosen to play for a school , country , etc ; a player chosen to play for their country , etc .
keeping or showing a balance so that different things or different parts of sth exist in equal or correct amounts
some of the way
that makes sb believe that sth is true
in or into every part of sth
to sit or lie with your arms and legs spread out in a relaxed or awkward way
a word or group of words that expresses an action ( such as eat ) , an event ( such as happen ) or a state ( such as exist )
in a position of authority that allows you to give formal orders
the head of government in Germany or Austria
to experience sth bad
above zero
something that affects a situation or people 's lives in a way that they do not want
bad or unpleasant
the ceremony in which two people become husband and wife
the process of improving or developing , or of getting nearer to achieving or completing sth
to think carefully about sth , especially in order to find the answer to a problem
unexpected , surprising or strange
to mark sth in some way to show that it belongs to a particular person
smooth and elegant
not damaged or spoilt
the early part of the day from the time when people wake up until midday or before lunch
a statement that sb makes that avoids dealing with sth or talking about sth honestly and directly
interesting or exciting ; full of variety , sometimes in a way that is slightly shocking
a short piece of writing by a student as part of a course of study
to stop yourself from saying or doing sth that you could or would like to say or do
to show the time by making a ringing noise , etc .
something that makes sth else certain to happen
to make sb do sth by talking to them and being very nice to them
to say or write sth that you know is not true
the part of the body where the feelings and emotions are thought to be
to give sb sth that they can use , or some work or responsibility
the punishment of being killed that is used in some countries for very serious crimes
a piece of paper that shows how much you have to pay for the food and drinks that you have had in a restaurant
to be pleased to receive or accept sth
the act or process of causing or getting a disease
a quick swim
a surface of flat stones or material like stone on the ground
fame , praise or honour that is given to sb because they have achieved sth important
to have enough space for sth / sb ; to contain sth / sb
a person who makes sure that a particular situation does not change
to free a country or a person from the control of sb else
a set of items , events etc. arranged to follow one another
used to ask about or state the distance between opposite sides or surfaces
quite cold with some wind
a set of events , actions , numbers , etc. which have a particular order and which lead to a particular result
completely flat ; level
to force sb to do sth by using threats
a town or part of a city that has its own local government
to understand or remember sth that you hear or read
a boat or ship
a strong blow , especially with the fist
in a way that is acceptable or good enough
something that you are proud and lucky to have the opportunity to do
exciting and encouraging you to do or feel sth
never having been alive
the ability to make yourself do sth , especially sth difficult or unpleasant
something that exists between one thing or person and another and keeps them separate
a thick sweet soft mixture made from sugar and water , used especially to cover cakes
to develop quickly and be successful or common
meat that comes from a cow
showing strong emotions , sometimes in a way that other people think is unnecessary
a wrong musical note
dull ; lacking the qualities that make sth / sb interesting and full of life
to work correctly or in the way mentioned
a large number of fish or other sea animals , swimming together
moving or working very quickly
often ill / sick
to jump over or get past sth without touching it
a point that is a particular amount of space away from sth else
to speak to sb about sth , especially to ask them for sth or to offer to do sth
the influence that a large place , organization or system has and that is hard to avoid
used to show that you know what sb has said is not correct
the flat upper part of a piece of furniture , that is used for working on
to cover part of the same area of interest , knowledge , responsibility , etc .
ordinary p eople , not special or unusual in any way
deep , clear and continuing for a long time
to suddenly start laughing , crying , etc .
if sb / sth deserves sth , it is right that they should have it , because of the way they have behaved or because of what they are
loosely woven for extra warmth
almost
at a high or difficult level
a magic liquid that is believed to cure illnesses or to make people live for ever
to say sth in a speech or a performance that you have not prepared or practised
to repeat what sb else has just said , especially because you find it surprising
to make sth perfect or as good as you can
that can be done ; that will be successful
to make a plan , situation , etc. go wrong
if your head or mind clears , or you clear it , you become free of thoughts that worry or confuse you or the effects of alcohol , a blow , etc. and you are able to think clearly
a small amount of sth
familiar with sth and accepting it as normal or usual
a group of people who do sth at the same time ; a number of things that happen at the same time
if a part of your body is sore , it is painful , and often red , especially because of infection or because a muscle has been used too much
connected with marriage and the sexual relationship between a husband and wife
a state of being extremely angry about sth
to risk losing sth valuable or important if you are not successful at sth
a person who cures people of illnesses and disease using natural powers rather than medicine
to have arranged to do sth
to produce or make sth
used especially with can / could to say that sb / sth can survive sth or can tolerate sth without being hurt or damaged
to force sb / sth down to the ground
not helped or paid for by sb / sth else
secret information that is collected , for example about a foreign country , especially one that is an enemy ; the people that collect this information
a feeling , movement or sound of trembling
a person whose job is repairing machines , especially the engines of vehicles
a wide hard path or a private road that leads from the street to a house
a type of oven that cooks or heats food very quickly using electromagnetic waves rather than heat
a woman who is polite and well educated , has excellent manners and always behaves well
used with the past participle to form perfect tenses
making you feel disgusted or shocked
a lawyer or group of lawyers representing sb in court
combining two things or qualities
a sound that people make to show that they are very cold
in a way that makes people think sth wrong , illegal or dishonest is happening
a person who is unusually intelligent or artistic , or who has a very high level of skill , especially in one area
not seeming suited to each other
to cut the surface of the skin and make it bleed
to connect similar things ; to be connected to or with similar things
a sudden decrease in an amount or the value of sth
without money , food and the other things necessary for life
the fact of sth happening , changing , etc. quickly
an amount of money that is taken away from the cost of sth , before you pay for it
a thing that you hope for very much
used before a full verb to form negative sentences and questions
used to say what feature or quality is important in deciding sth
to be in a curved line or shape across or over sth
said , made or done very quickly , especially when this has bad results
an official who acts as a judge in the lowest courts of law
the ability to keep steady with an equal amount of weight on each side of the body
if two things are indistinguishable , or one is indistinguishable from the other , it is impossible to see any differences between them
a good quality that is difficult to describe
under control ; prevented from being expressed or coming out
used to show that sth is more than you would like
a person or an animal that lives in a particular place
used in written English to represent how some people say the word ‘ old ’
to add notes to a book or text , giving explanations or comments
to have existed since a particular time or for a particular period
controlled by people from another country , etc , using military force
made of slats ( = thin pieces of wood )
the time during the day when children are working in a school
having no children
causing or likely to cause death
to move sth / sb by pulling it or them gently
made of very hard baked clay
peaceful and happy
£ 10 or a ten-pound note
to fall heavily
what is needed or socially acceptable
to make sth appear as a picture in your mind
having a lot to do ; perhaps not free to do sth else because you are working on sth
to stop yourself from doing sth , especially sth that you want to do
not on a published list , especially of stock exchange prices
( at ) the present time
the most important or best person or thing
used to add force to a request or statement
a person or company that buys land or buildings in order to build new houses , shops / stores , etc , or to improve the old ones , and makes a profit from doing this
a device for controlling the flow of liquid or gas from a pipe or container
to start dealing with a problem , task , etc. in a particular way
not quick to learn ; finding things hard to understand
the emphasis that you should give to part of a word when saying it
used as a reply to tell sb that you do not care what happens or that you are not interested in what they are talking about
travelling , or ready to travel , in a particular direction or to a particular place
to warn sb about the possible dangers or problems of sth
a swede ( = a large round yellow root vegetable )
a thing that is not known or mentioned by name
an enjoyable sexual experience that is not serious
a small piece of jewellery with a part that is pushed through a hole in your ear , nose , etc .
that can be exchanged
to be or provide enough money for sth
to believe that sb / sth is of a particular type or quality
to fail to see or notice sth
a small special piece of food
the end of a relationship
to be important or to matter
a pile of sth , usually neatly arranged
any object in the shape of a straight thin stick
to cover sb 's eyes with a piece of cloth or other covering so that they cannot see
involving senior people
for which money has not yet been received
in sb 's home
a group of buildings of a similar type together in one place
the act of making sth perfect by doing the final improvements
used to say what is arranged to happen
if two or more things harmonize with each other or one thing harmonizes with the other , the things go well together and produce an attractive result
the abbreviation for ‘ Member ( of the Order ) of the British Empire ’ ( an award given to some people in Britain for a special achievement )
not knowing very much about a particular subject area
at some time in the future
advice , money , etc. that is given to sb in order to solve their problems
an Internet company that collects information about other companies ' products and services and puts it on a single website
a prison or a police station
to send sb a document , message , etc. by fax
a treatment or medicine to cure a disease or reduce pain that is not very serious
the act of forming opinions about what has happened or what might happen without knowing all the facts
used with uncountable nouns to mean ‘ not much ’
used to say that one thing can , will or might happen or be true , depending on another thing happening or being true
a sum of money
a feature that things or people have that makes them like each other
different
to refer to another text or part of a text , especially to give more information about sth
to have lunch , especially at a restaurant
a long speech by one person during a conversation that stops other people from speaking or expressing an opinion
a small amount or a piece of sth , especially food
a thick substance like jelly , especially one used in products for the hair or skin
things made in this way
a small amount of a liquid or substance in a round shape
to have a big happy smile on your face
an act of speaking in an angry or bad-tempered way ; the sound you make when you are angry , in pain , etc .
the land or gardens around a large building
if sth adsorbs a liquid , gas or other substance , it holds it on its surface
to go or gather together somewhere in large numbers
to state formally that sb is not guilty or responsible for sth
extremely unpleasant
to last all through a period of time or to cover the whole of it
a drive-by shooting , etc. is done from a moving car
a sore area on the outside of the body or on the surface of an organ inside the body which is painful and may bleed or produce a poisonous substance
a bad thing or action that damages sb / sth 's reputation
not attractive
the act of returning sth to its correct place , condition or owner
having a layer or amount of sth on it
a firm hold of sb / sth or control over sb / sth
being a sign of an illness or a problem
used to state that sth i s / was not necessary or that only very little is / was necessary ; used to ask if sth is / was necessary
over the side of a boat or a ship into the water
something that is seen or heard when it is not really there
to have a great effect on sth so that it cannot be forgotten , changed , etc .
as a result
not very good or original , and without style , in a way that is embarrassing but amusing
a feeling of sadness or disappointment that you have because of sth that has happened or sth that you have done or not done
with firm muscles ; not fat
when you think about the true , important or basic nature of sb / sth
( in the US ) a wide road , where traffic can travel fast for long distances . You can only enter and leave freeways at special ramps .
upset and anxious
to try a small amount of a particular food to see what it is like ; to experience sth for a short time to see what it is like
seeming likely to cause you harm or danger
people say Huh ! to show anger , surprise , disagreement , etc. or to show that they are not impressed by sth
to defeat sb in a game or competition
a sudden strong feeling of pain , etc. that travels through your body
to carry people or goods in a boat or other vehicle from one place to another , often for a short distance and as a regu lar service
the final part of a period of time , an event , an activity or a story
the way in which the body and cells of a living thing behave
a wish to have or be sth , especially one that seems difficult to achieve
a small piece of sth , especially paper , cloth , etc .
to stop doing sth , or leave sth , especially sth that you enjoy
connected with heat
the fact of being useful
a thing that sb says or writes giving their opinion or stating a fact
containing or producing pus
having an engine
a person or thing that comes after sb / sth else and takes their / its place
a change in the form or structure of sth
a supply of sth that a country , an organization or a person has and can use , especially to increase their wealth
a British coin worth ten pence
very clever , amusing and interesting
the fact of losing or destroying sth , especially because it has been used or dealt with carelessly
placed under a spell ( = magic words that have special powers )
the time when light first appears in the morning
the fact of one thing being affected by another
to be worried or unhappy and not able to relax
the amusing or strange aspect of a situation that is very different from what you expect ; a situation like this
in some sports , for example football ( soccer ) and hockey , a player is offside if he or she is in a position , usually ahead of the ball , that is not allowed
to make a film / movie or photograph of sth
measuring a long distance from the bottom to the top
to make sb pure by removing evil from their souls
to know or realize the meaning of words , a language , what sb says , etc .
an act of giving sth to sb else even though you do not want to , especially after a battle , etc .
a number of activities or events happening one after the other
to have enough money for the basic things you need to live
an arrangement of things in a public place to inform or entertain people or advertise sth for sale
feeling or showing disgust
needing or wanting to drink
very cold
to ring loudly
protected from the problems and dangers of normal life
less well
if sb does sth with aplomb , they do it in a confident and successful way , often in a difficult situation
always behaving in a careful and formal way , and easily shocked by anything that is rude
a mark made by pressing or stamping sth onto a surface
a twist or curve , especially one of many
something that shows that sth else is going to happen soon
filled with great pleasure
the middle point or part of sth
done or made in a way that is clever and efficient but often does not seem to be sincere or lacks important ideas
complaining
done in a hurry and in a way that lacks organization
in which there is a lot of noise and people laugh or shout a lot
very brave ; not afraid of danger or difficulties
to interrupt a conversation
excited in a way that makes you do things without worrying about the possible results
very pleasant
a person who is invited to a particular place or organization , or to speak at a meeting
a bird with a fat body and feathers on its legs , which people shoot for sport and food ; the meat of this bird
connected with the breasts
a subject of study
full of vapour ; like vapour
to visit or attend a place for a particular purpose
a great number and variety of sth
connected with political revolution
the time when two people have a romantic relationship before they get married ; the process of developing this relationship
the act of making people aware of sth that has been secret
a time when people can meet their Me mber of Parliament to ask questions and get help
the return of land or property to sb
a row of words on a page or the empty space where they can be written ; the words of a song or poem
the colour of gold
that has grown too large
used when giving sb a surprise
a long story , especially one that is exaggerated or invented
with good reason
the act of controlling strong emotions and desires and not allowing them to be expressed so that they no longer seem to exist
not happening at regular times ; not following any plan or regular pattern ; that you cannot rely on
a substance that consists of very small fine grains of rock . Sand is found on beaches , in deserts , etc .
with a specially designed outline that makes sth attractive or comfortable
to be frightened of sb / sth or frightened of doing st h
to suggest sth or support a suggestion that sb has made
the number of births every year for every 1 000 people in the population of a place
a failure
the forward movemen t of a group of people , especially armed forces
if you transfer a feeling , a disease , or power , etc , or if it transfers from one person to another , the second person has it , often instead of the first
to have sth as the main or only part or feature
to enter a country , town , etc. using military force in order to take control of it
to talk in a way that other people think is silly and annoying
to decide , guess , etc. sth
a mug and what it contains
to become infected with an illness ; to suffer from a pain , etc .
a television or radio programme in which famous people are asked questions and talk in an informal way about their work and opinions on various topics
ordinary clothes worn by people such as soldiers who wear uniform in their job
a medical operation
to be ready for action
to make sth less tight
an opinion or a position that is strange or unusual and a long way from the normal position
after 12 o 'clock noon ( from Latin ‘ post meridiem ’ )
not agreeing with or the same as sth else
your written or spoken thoughts about a particular subject or topic
your thoughts , interest , etc .
to make sth less harmful , serious , etc .
to arrive at sth naturally ; to reach sth
a unit of an army , consisting of several brigades or regiments
connected with a department rather than with the whole organization
unfriendly , in a way that suggests that sb does not approve of sth
to stop sth from spreading or getting worse
a collection of written or spoken texts
something pleasant you do in order to rest , especially after you have been working
a girl or woman who has the same mother and father as another person
anti-lock brakes stop the wheels of a vehicle locking if you have to stop suddenly , and so make the vehicle easier to control
the part of sth that is furthest from you , your house , etc .
a mixture of finely chopped meat , fat , bread , etc. in a long tube of skin , cooked and eaten whole or served cold in thin slices
clear and accurate
the human body when considering its physical and sexual needs , rather than the mind or soul
an amount of sth that sb is given or allowed to have ; the process of giving sth to sb
people who are unwary
not containing bubbles of gas ; not fizzy
a newspaper
if you arch part of your body , or if it arches , it moves and forms a curved shape
lasting or intended to last or be used only for a short time ; not permanent
the most exciting or important event or point in time
to add sth to a previous statement to make the meaning less strong or less general
the fact that you have achieved sth that you want and have been trying to do or get ; the fact of becoming rich or famous or of getting a high social position
a rest while sitting in a chair
the abbreviation for ‘ tender loving care ’ ( care that you give sb to make them feel better )
a close relationship between two people or things that have similar qualities , structures or features
that can be trusted to do sth well ; that you can rely on
support by one person or group of people for another because they share feelings , opinions , aims , etc .
separately , rather than as a group
to talk more ; to add details to what you are saying
connected with or containing metaphors
continuing through the night
connected with individual people , especially their feelings , characters and relationships
if a person or an organization holds the copyright on a piece of writing , music , etc , they are the only people who have the legal right to publish , broadcast , perform it , etc , and other people must ask their permission to use it or any part of it
the person in charge of a committee , a company , etc .
typical of winter ; cold
( in writing ) Major
dead and therefore free from trouble or anxiety . People say ‘ at rest ’ to avoid saying ‘ dead ’ .
a list of items to be discussed at a meeting
a sharp cut made in sth , particularly during a medical operation ; the act of making a cut in sth
used for stating what you think is probably true
used to say you are satisfied with sth
to arrive at the place that you have been travelling to
showing a lack of control over yourself
introducing ideas and methods that have never been used before
the words of a song
a message that is written down or printed on paper and usually put in an envelope and sent to sb
to be ready for sb to have or use
to prepare a book to be published by collecting together and arranging pieces of writing by one or more authors
dangerous or serious
to make sb feel that they are in a different place , time or situation
an amount of sth , usually a medicine or a drug , that is taken regularly over a particular period of time
a painting , drawing , etc. of a person , especially one that looks very like them
to give a reason , or be a reason , for sth
the number of workers needed or available to do a particular job
done completely ; with great attention to detail
showing or expecting a fall in the prices of shares
using too many words , especially formal ones
universal serial bus ( the system for connecting other pieces of equipment to a computer )
very good or pleasant
to put or store sth in a particular place
a clever or amusing remark
to stop a meeting or an official process , especially a trial , for a period of time
to have a lot of a particular quality
having a job for which you are paid
upset and offended by sth that sb has said or done
to treat sb / sth as ridiculous and not worth considering seriously
people say Cool ! or That 's cool to show that they approve of sth or agree to a suggestion
to provide everything necessary , especially money , so that sb / sth can live or exist
a feeling of worry or excitement that you have when you feel that sth is going to happen , sb is going to tell you some news , etc .
a small object used by actors during the performance of a play or in a film / movie
an amount of sth that is provided or available to be used
the air that you take into your lungs and send out again
impossible to imagine or believe
wearing clothes of a particular type
the act of giving or receiving official information about sth
used to mean ‘ the world ’ , especially when talking about the environment
used when you are annoyed because sb is always asking questions or interrupting you
used when referring to the gas carbon dioxide in terms of the effect it has on the earth 's climate in causing global warming
to exist and operate as a business or company
so strong that it cannot be stopped or resisted
behind sb when they have left ; following sb
to cause pain
money , food , etc. that is sent to help countries in difficult situations
to suddenly appear or become obvious after having been hidden for a while
the best result or the highest or lowest level that has ever been reached , especially in sport
a break in a bone or other hard material
material made with rubber , that can stretch and then return to its original size
used to show sb / sth belongs to a group , often after some , a few , etc .
to move in a lively way
connected with the navy of a country
a mass of thick , often untidy , hair
used instead of his or her to refer to a person whose sex is not mentioned or not known
the way that sth is shared or exists over a particular area or among a particular group of people
the act of not allowing yourself to have or do sth in order to help other people
something that provides protection against attack from enemies , the weather , illness , etc .
to keep your feelings under control
to produce a slightly uncomfortable feeling in a sensitive part of the body ; to have a feeling like this
used to express gre at surprise or admiration
a flat , hard area , especially outside a house or restaurant , where you can sit , eat and enjoy the sun
to be at an angle rather than being straight or vertical
full of or causing strong feelings or opinions
to say firmly and often publicly what your opinion is , what you think is true , etc .
something that sb has done or written that does not seem natural ; the fact of seeming artificial
very large or important
making you very tired
attractive and pleasing
a tall plant like grass with a hollow stem that grows in or near water
one of the parts of a large building that sticks out from the main part
the loss or destruction of a ship at sea because of a storm or because it hits rocks , etc .
an act of showing a feeling or an opinion
a person 's inner character , containing their true thoughts and feelings
far away from any others
unhappy , bad-tempered and not talking very much
to move in a way that makes the shape of a loop
to discover or find sb / sth by looking
very dirty ; covered with dirt
the flesh of an animal or a bird eaten as food ; a particular type of this
to give or attach a particular level of importance , trust , value , etc. to sth
the right or opportunity to use sth , for example sth that belongs to sb else
used to describe behaviour that is part of the character that a person or an animal was born with
to choose sb / sth from a group of people or things , usually according to a system
following one after another in a series , without interruption
to take small bites of sth , especially food
a number of baby animals that one mother gives birth to at the same time
a plant with curly green leaves that are used in cooking as a herb and to decorate food
a large sailing boat , often also with an engine and a place to sleep on board , used for pleasure trips and racing
giving or causing pleasure
a person or thing used to protect sb / sth , especially by forming a barrier
a story or piece of information that may or may not be true
a ticket that allows people from particular groups ( for example , students or old people ) to travel free or at a reduced cost
without thinking carefully about sth before acting
where a large number of people live
using or containing more words than are needed
the damage or loss of quality that is caused when sth has been used a lot
in the way that is mentioned
the large flat leaf of some water plants , especially the water lily
not listed in the public telephone book , at the request of the owner of the telephone . The telephone company will not give ex-directory numbers to people who ask for them .
to impress sb a lot with your beauty , skill , etc .
to limit sth or make it last for a shorter time
if you bet money each way on a race , you win if your horse , etc. comes first , second or third in the race
an area of land where people can practise shooting or where bombs , etc. can be tested
produced without moving your vocal cords ; not voiced
the quality of being slow and careful in what you say or do
to drive around in a vehicle
when the day or dawn or a storm breaks , it begins
to separate a part of a situation , problem , idea , etc. so that you can see what it is and deal with it separately
used with a present participle to form progressive tenses
a medical test of a particular part of the body
to include a few of sth in sth else
to fill a container and go over the edge
showing no strong emotions or excitement ; not saying anything very interesting
used to emphasize how easy or basic sth is
connected with academic study
12 o 'clock at night
a law , etc. that everyone knows about and accepts even though it has not been made official
if two things match or if one thing matches another , they are the same or very similar
full of bright colours and lights
having both electrical and magnetic characteristics ( or properties )
punishment
something that is long and narrow and shaped like a tongue
control or power over sb / sth
the way that sb / sth appears to be , which is different from the way sb / sth really is
disagreement or refusal
to write music
to cry loudly , especially in an unpleasant and annoying way
concerning or containing members of two different races
a statement or piece of writing that tells you how sth works or makes sth easier to understand
better than all others of its kind
a part of your income that you do not have to pay tax on
a small brown bird with a pleasant song
to damage sb 's reputation by saying unpleasant things about them that are not true
used to say that sth exists , grows , etc. somewhere
a me ans of travelling or communicating between two places
a system of tracks , together with the trains that run on them , and the organization and people needed to operate them
a room in which a particular person works , usually at a desk
the act of rubbing sb / sth with a cloth or special material , for example to make a person dry or to make sth dry , clean or smooth
not anything ; no single thing
to exist ; to be valid
used to say that sb / sth is as good , bad , etc. as they can be
the business of selling goods to the public over the Internet
to leave a place where you have lived for a long time ; to make sb do this
to be or become visible above the surroundings
riding a horse
to buy drinks or food for sb in a bar , restaurant , etc .
a sign , number , letter , etc. that has a fixed meaning , especially in science , mathematics and music
involving a lot of blood or violence ; showing or describing blood and violence
an electronic device for counting sth
moving around in a circle
very attractive and easy to feel love for
a situation in which sth is no longer being used
brave and determined ; full of enthusiasm
crazy ; not sensible
to have a similar appearance to sb / sth ; to have an appearance that suggests that sth is true or will happen
a short piece of writing , music , film , etc. taken from a longer whole
the busiest time , which is therefore charged at the highest rate
very great ; very strong
to smile widely
to cause sth to start or develop , especially suddenly
a member of one of the middle ranks in the army and the air force , below an officer
to let sb see sth
the head or the brain
of poor quality or low social status
the way in which sb plays sth , especially a musical instrument
the belief that a perfect life , situation , etc. can be achieved , even when this is not very likely
regularly found in a particular place or among a particular group of people and difficult to get rid of
to serve food onto plates for a meal
to come out o f a place in large numbers and spread out
to laugh quietly
a vehicle without an engine , that can be pulled by a car or truck or used as a home or an office when it is parked
not remembering sb / sth and not considering them or it when you do sth
a jar and what it contains
enjoying the object or activity mentioned
the official decision to give sth ( such as a diploma ) to sb
a bush or small tree with hard shiny leaves with sharp points and bright red berries in winter , often used as a decoration at Christmas
age ; time of life
to make sb / sth seem less bad
copied from sth else ; not having new or original ideas
not asleep ( especially immediately before or after sleeping )
moving in an unsteady way from side to side
the state of needing sb / sth in order to survive , be successful , etc ; the fact of being able to rely on sb / sth
to pretend to have a particular feeling or quality
earlier in sth written or printed
used to ask sb to wait for a short time or to stop what they are doing
on or at the front of sth
very strong and determined
to fail or be unsuccessful
a piece of writing , music , acting , etc. that deliberately copies the style of sb / sth in order to be amusing
a large sea fish that is used for food
used on the telephone to ask sb who is calling to wait until they can talk to the person they want
a long narrow flat piece of wood that is used for making floors , etc .
showing pain or suffering so that people will be kind and sympathetic towards you
thank you
connected with military tactics
designed for a particular person or thing ; connected with a particular person or thing
one card from the suit called clubs
a means of going into or leaving a place , such as a door or gate
having two parts or aspects
to flow , or to make sth flow , slowly in a thin stream
the speed at which a computer operates
having difficulty doing sth
very large or heavy , often in a way that causes you to feel nervous or afraid
with areas on it of white and another colour , usually not black
the outer appearance of a person , thing or situation ; the qualities that you see or notice , that are not hidden
if you incur costs , you have to pay them
a supply of things or money that is shared by a group of people and can be used when needed
not moving , acting or done quickly ; taking a long time ; not fast
the conditions , or a document stating the conditions , on which money or property is given to sb
already dead when arriving at hospital
a person who is in a vehicle , seat , etc. at a particular time
a layer of material such as carpet or wallpaper , used to cover , decorate and protect floors , walls , etc .
able to use your senses and mental powers to understand what is happening
difficult and not producing much money , food , etc .
very great surprise , excitement , or interest among a lot of people ; the person or the thing that causes this surprise
to make it difficult or impossible to do sth
a plant that grows in the way mentioned
to consider sb / sth when you are doing or planning sth
the light and heat from the sun
not able , or not confident enough , to deal with a situation
the scientific study of drugs and their use in medicine
when the time mentioned comes
a promise to do sth or to behave in a particular way ; a promise to support sb / sth ; the fact of committing yourself
a close look at sth / sb , especially to see if there is anything wrong or to find the cause of a problem
after everything has been considered
moving or doing things in a very awkward way
a boy or girl who is a member of the Scouts
if a part of the body atrophies , it becomes weak because it is not used or because it does not have enough blood
treatment that is fair but not official or expected
finished ; over
to finally agree to sth after refusing
to have a new tooth beginning to appear through the gum
to remove or get rid of sth , such as a name , piece of information or a memory , from a book or list , or from your mind
to force sb to leave their country , especially for political reasons or as a punishment ; to send sb into exile
the rate at which people accept sth that is offered or made available to them
( BrE ) to easily achieve sth that you want
a strong feeling of dislike or disgust about sth
a government official who is the representative of his or her country in a foreign city
not easily upset or frightened ; not easily influenced by other people
making you feel unhappy and anxious
a type , category or opinion
to put a fuse in a circuit or in a piece of equipment
to laugh at sb or shout rude remarks at them to show that you do not respect them
connected with people who do physical work in industry
to become more cheerful
working hard at sth because it is very important to you
looking very angry
to produce a particular feeling in sb
the edge of the sea , the ocean or a lake
a friendly form of address that is used by an older man to a young man or boy
to use your power to think and understand
one of the principles or beliefs that a theory or larger set of beliefs is based on
unusually good
used to emphasize that sth is very ordinary , not special in any way
to move or turn skilfully or carefully ; to move or turn sth skilfully or carefully
to attack sb violently in order to steal their money , especially in a public place
to pay back money to sb which they have spent or lost
a large metal container with a tap , used for making and / or serving tea or coffee
between continents
happening once a fortnight
a prize such as money , etc. for sth that sb has done
to become unconscious when not enough blood is going to your brain , usually because of the heat , a shock , etc .
in which one weak or short syllable is followed by one strong or long syllable
an occasion when sth that has been thrown , fired , etc. at an object reaches that object
in a very delicate or exact way
keeping only the most basic or essential features , with everything else removed
that is legally given to sb 's child , when that person dies
a word meaning ‘ the ’ , used in the names of pubs , shops , etc. to make them seem old
an act of moving the body or part of the body
to press sth such as a button to operate a machine , etc .
a list , especially an official or published list of people or things , often arranged in alphabetical order
the decaying flesh of dead animals
a large number of people or animals , often moving or doing sth as a group
most obvious or noticeable
a situation in which a number of people , groups , organizations , etc. are competing , especially for political power or to achieve sth first
a way of emphasizing that sth is true and that there is no doubt about it
connected with or involving two or more countries
wild and powerful ; like the forces of nature
to return to an earlier topic or subject
a device in a vehicle for making a loud sound as a warning or signal
a small bag made of leather , plastic , etc. for carrying coins and often also paper money , cards , etc , used especially by women
to make two or more people disagree
as fast or as hard as possible
very great and important
to find the right answer to a question or the truth without knowing all the facts
a television or radio programme that combines several recent programmes in a series
without anything stopping the movement or flow of sth
to get information or a reaction from sb , often with difficulty
the lowest part of the leg , below the ankle , on which a person or an animal stands
used to ask what is likely to happen to sth in the future
containing long thin pieces like string and difficult to chew
Royal Air Force ( the British air force )
towards a worse state
a place or situation from which sb cannot escape
dark and unpleasant because of smoke , fog , etc .
a fat person
far from the point aimed at
a detailed pattern of curved shapes that look like feathers , used especially on cloth
great willingness or enthusiasm
used with verbs to express movement on or to a particular place or position
an area surrounded by a fence or wall in which a factory or other group of buildings stands
needing sb who can be trusted and relied on ; involving important duties
the act or effect of making sb change from moral to immoral standards of behaviour
that needs to be dealt with or happen immediately
seeming amused because you know more about a situation than other people
a fixed amount of money that is charged or paid for sth
connected with heathens
able to understand difficult or complicated ideas
to gradually begin to do sth
a conservative politician who supports moderate policies rather than extreme ones
the different things , people , etc. that combine to form sth ; the way in which they combine
to make an effort to produce a particular quality in yourself , especially when you find it difficult
to ask sb a lot of questions over a long period of time , especially in an aggressive way
connected with or consisting of the cells of plants or animals
an area of knowledge studied in a school , college , etc .
in the same way
a light , quick movement that keeps changing
to take care of babies or children for a short time while their parents are out
floating on water
to add details to a story , statement , etc .
not a prisoner or slave
a short sentence or phrase that expresses the aims and beliefs of a person , a group , an institution , etc. and is used as a rule of behaviour
very thin so that you can see through it
to get the essential meaning or ideas from thoughts , information , experiences , etc .
having left a place ; away from a place
having too much detail or decoration
a device on a machine that shows speed , pressure , etc .
a small hollow place in the skin , especially in the cheek or chin
to go across sth in order to make your route shorter
made wet , dirty or untidy by rain , mud , etc .
a part of sth where two or more sides , lines or edges join
a place on your body that has become larger or rounder than normal as the result of an illness or injury
the process of training sb to play a sport , to do a job better or to improve a skill
a line that goes around a circle or any other curved shape ; the length of this line
not previously seen
to become tight or to form tight folds ; to make sth do this
the central or essential point of a situation , problem , etc .
a person with a very strong interest in a particular subject
an occasion during the day when letters , etc. are collected or delivered
too willing to agree with other people or to obey rules
an extra telephone line connected to a central telephone in a house or to a switchboard in a large building . In a large building , each extension usually has its own number .
to say that sb is suitable for a particular job or role or describe them in a particular way
to show or make known a feeling , an opinion , etc. by words , looks or actions
information or ideas used in books , etc .
direct and clear about sth unpleasant ; not thinking of people 's feelings
a disagreement or difference in opinion , way of life , etc , especially between members of a society or an organization
very difficult to deal with
the moon as it appears in the sky at a particular time
a liquid that you put on your hair when it is wet in order to change its colour
a particular length of time
to become completely dry
an infectious disease can be passed easily from one person to another , especially through the air they breathe
to behave in a particular way towards sb / sth
to join or to make sb join the armed forces
a type of a thing , for example a plant or language , that is different from the others in the same general group
not further than a particular distance from sth
to present information or a situation in a particular way , especially one that makes you or your ideas seem good
to officially prevent sb from doing their job , going to school , etc. for a time
to bring , give , put or send sth back to sb / sth
not financially strong or successful
the period that includes Easter Day and the days close to it
not having much distance between the top or surface and the bottom
the abbreviation for ‘ Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ’ ( an illness which attacks the body 's ability to resist infection and which usually causes death )
to think or believe that sth is true because you have been told that it is
to help sth to succeed
dishonest or immoral
playing in a lively happy way
a member of a Muslim religious group whose members make a promise to stay poor and live without comforts or pleasures . They perform a fast lively dance as part of their worship .
that will not be successful , as if fate has decided this from the beginning
to say sth in a loud , high voice
an attempt to win sth or defeat sb
an important feature of sth , that is responsible for making it what it is
a person who commits a crime or does sth that is wrong or evil
an event where people applying for a job are given a number of tests and interviews to find out what their strengths and weaknesses are ; the place where this happens
to think or accept that sth is true but without having proof of it
a formal statement of an opinion agreed on by a committee or a council , especially by means of a vote
reddish-purple in colour
to make sth / yourself into the shape of a ball or tube
to provide what is necessary for sb to live ; to support sb by paying for food , etc .
to protect or defend yourself against danger , illness , attack , etc .
used to describe an area of land in a city that was used by industry or for offices in the past and that may now be cleared for new building development
the permanent end or destruction of sth
to discover sth and let it be known
a liquid soap that is used for washing your hair ; a similar liquid used for cleaning carpets , furniture covers or a car
bright yellow in colour , like gold
the failure to consider sth as important
to risk money on a race or an event by trying to predict the result
an angle of 90 °
healthy and full of energy
a piece of cane or a thin stick , used in the past in some schools for beating children as a punishment
part of a tape , CD or computer disk that music or information can be recorded on
to put words that sound the same together , for example when you are writing poetry
very large ; much larger or more important than similar things usually are
not interesting or special and therefore easily forgotten
( describing actions in sport ) done very fast or with great energy
a large amount of sth unpleasant that is increasing and is difficult to control
keeping you warm or staying warm in cold weather
to take , send or bring goods or people secretly and illegally into or out of a country , etc .
the state of being sensible and reasonable
the study of computers and how they can be used
unable to understand sth or the reason for sth
a word or phrase used to describe sb / sth else , in a way that is different from its normal use , in order to show that the two things have the same qualities and to make the description more powerful , for example She has a heart of stone ; the use of such words and phrases
to take action to stop sth from continuing
the number of radio waves for every second of a radio signal
used when saying how much or showing how long , big , etc. sth is with your hands
the act of placing sth somewhere
a strong feeling of dislike or fear of people from other countries
the things that have happened to you that influence the way you think and behave
to tell sb that you do not approve of sth that they have done
to travel quickly through an area making political speeches , or getting a lot of attention for your organization , ideas , etc .
preserved by boiling in sugar ; cooked in sugar
the amount contained in a can
looking or behaving like a boy , in a way that is attractive
a number representing a particular amount , especially one given in official information
the relationship between production , trade and the supply of money in a particular country or region
a set of matches for which the teams or players are chosen in a draw
the fact of a large number of people or things arriving somewhere , especially people or things that are disturbing or unpleasant
doing sth or going somewhere when you have not been asked or invited to , especially when sb does not want you to
created or done in order to remember sb who has died
to make sb feel happy or satisfied
unpleasant and depressing
if sth happens on alternate days , nights , etc. it happens on one day , etc. but not on the next
a high cliff at the south-western edge of the Mediterranean Sea , near the town and port of Gibraltar . When people say that sth is like the Rock of Gibraltar , they mean it is very safe or solid .
to die in battle ; to be shot
connected with electricity ; using or producing electricity
large waves in the sea or ocean , and the white foam that they produce as they fall on the beach , on rocks , etc .
to move sb / sth that is caught or fixed on sth
in a critical , rough or severe way
many or a lot
continuously ; without stopping
to lead or stretch from one place to another ; to make sth do this
aware of sth ; knowing sth exists and is important
an event , action or thing that is a sign that sth exists or is happening ; the act of appearing as a sign that sth exists or is happening
a copy of a document , etc. made by the action of light on a specially treated surface
a container made of glass , clay or plastic , used for storing food in
the unfair treatment of people , especially women , because of their sex ; the attitude that causes this
used to describe a British university degree which is good but not of the highest class
all the way to sth that is far away
old and not in good condition
that cannot be understood or explained
to break or ruin sth
used to express happiness
unfortunate or not suitable
to put small pieces of fat on or into sth before cooking it
to fall asleep ; to sleep somewhere you do not usually sleep
connected with getting an advantage in a war or other military situation
in a way that is connected with sb 's personal life rather than with their job or official position
to copy the way sb else behaves or talks , in order to make fun of them
a shiny yellow mineral that is made up of sulphur and a metal such as iron
to affect sb suddenly and deeply
that makes , or should make , you feel ashamed
United States Ship ( used before the name of a ship in the US navy )
born in the order , way , place , etc. mentioned
the money that is available to a person or an organization and a plan of how it will be spent over a period of time
to have an influence on the way that sth develops
to fasten sth with pegs
something that makes you feel sad or anxious
likely to be dishonest or morally wrong
the state of relying on sb / sth for sth , especially when this is not normal or necessary
clothes that you wear , especially at parties , to make you appear to be a different character
a loud noise made by two metal objects being hit together
in or towards the south
full of reeds
used to emph asize sth negative
very old
the distance over which sth can be seen or heard
to have a particular quality or feature
thin coloured rope that is used to decorate furniture and military uniforms
a very sad event or situation
a number that divides into another number exactly
the lower edges of a roof that stick out over the walls
to touch or use sth in a careless and / or annoying way
having respect for yourself and not wanting to lose the respect of others
a way of describing things that are similar or related in some way
one of the areas that a country is divided into , that has its own customs and / or its own government
to add sth to the end of a piece of writing
to have sth in front of you that you have to deal with or react to
used in the titles of people of very high social rank
lasting for a period of time that has no fixed end
to make sth weaker or less controlled than before
connected with a style of dancing to pop music in which women dance wearing very few clothes
moving pictures of real events , shown for example on television
likely to suffer from sth or to do sth bad
chasing and killing wild animals and birds as a sport or for food
in a good enough condition to be sold
an opinion or a judgement about sb / sth that has been thought about very carefully
to become impossible to see
to sit or stand in a particular position in order to be painted , drawn or photographed
having a regular pattern of sounds , movements or events
not happy ; sad
work that is done as preparation for other work that will be done later
to use a particular name or title for sb when you speak or write to them
kind or generous
to make sth small , especially on a computer screen
showing that you are trying to guess sth
a level on a scale , often marking quality or achievement
intending to make people very shocked or very angry
a share of the profits of sth
a piece of equipment used to check or record sth
the sound of sth hitting liquid or of liquid hitting sth
causing fear or suffering
used to emphasize how strongly you want to express your feelings
meat from a crab , used for food
something that will solve a problem , improve a bad situation , etc .
the act of returning to a place or an area of activity that you used to be in
a person who votes or has the right to vote , especially in a political election
to demand that sth happens or that sb agrees to do sth
( in the British political system ) the amount of money that a candidate in an election to Parliament has to pay , and that is returned if he / she gets enough votes
a strip around the edge of sth such as a picture or a piece of cloth
for which people receive money
something that is designed to protect people from harm , risk or danger
not related to or connected with the things or people around
an act of saying or showing that you will not do , give or accept sth
the 20th letter of the English alphabet
to not consider sb for a job or position , even though they might be suitable
to get back sth you no longer have , especially an ability or a quality
used in negative sentences when mentioning two or more things
to give a particular impression when read
small balls of ice that fall like rain
to make you feel confused or shocked , so that you do not know what to do
like sb / sth but not exactly the same
exactly right for sb / sth
to mention sth that you think is important and / or the reason why a particular situation exists
all the people who buy or use a particular product or service
a trip by car , plane , boat , etc , especially a short one or one that is made regularly
to move somewhere quickly in a group
a person who is higher in rank or status
the various aspects of a person 's character that combine to make them different from other people
a time when a company or piece of business earns just enough money to pay for its costs
to suddenly increase in value
suffering from an illness that cannot be cured and will lead to death
used to tell sb to stop behaving in a silly way
stone ( a British measurement of weight )
connected with the ordinary people of a country
to manage to stay alive , especially with limited food or money
able to be used for several different purposes
a fungus with a round flat head a nd short stem . Many mushrooms can be eaten .
to combine two or more things so that they work together ; to combine with sth else in this way
a way of hiding soldiers and military equipment , using paint , leaves or nets , so that they look like part of their surroundings
to shine very brightly for a short time ; to make sth shine in this way
willingness to ignore the weaknesses in sb / sth
dirty and / or untidy
perfectly clean
too many to be counted ; very many
a part of a film / movie , play or book in which the action happens in one place or is of one particular type
the time measured in a particular part of the world
to attach sth , or to be attached , at the top so that the lower part is free or loose
the period around Christmas Day
the act of using energy , food or materials ; the amount used
to let people know that sth is going to happen , or that a job is available by giving details about it in a newspaper , on a notice in a public place , on the Internet , etc .
to add a gas , especially carbon dioxide , to a liquid under pressure
strange or unusual , especially in a way that is unpleasant or worrying
to move so that one end or side is higher than the other ; to move sth into this position
showing that you are slightly surprised or amused
to have or express doubts or suspicions about sth
connected with a fetus ; typical of a fetus
a simple description of a system , used for explaining how sth works or calculating what might happen , etc .
a process that , if started , will cause many problems that cannot be solved
the part of the face that sticks out above the mouth , used for breathing and smelling things
the way that sb behaves towards other people
treating sb as if they have no value , so that they lose their self-respect and the respect of other people
to steal sth and escape with it
a subject that a student can choose to study , but that they do not have to do
a sweet fizzy drink ( = a drink with bubbles ) made with soda water , fruit flavour and sometimes ice cream
writing done by hand
an attack by a number of aircraft dropping many bombs on a place
not too expensive
completely ready for sth or to do sth
either of the two round soft parts at the front of a woman 's body that produce milk when she has had a baby
a player who scores points , goals , etc .
a social class
an electronic machine for producing different sounds . Synthesizers are used as musical instruments , especially for copying the sounds of other instruments , and for copying speech sounds .
having too much of sth or too many people
to use or control a machine or make it work
impossible to put into practice
in a way that ends all discussion about sth
ways of behaving that people think are polite and acceptable
extremely painful or bad
extremely large or impressive , especially greater or better than you expect
to make contact with the ground as it lands
invo lving punishment by death
to obtain the money , etc. that sb owes , for example by going to their house to get it
to move somewhere by twisting and turning your body or part of it
having raised lines
to sell goods , especially goods that are difficult to sell
an amount of sth that has the value mentioned
to record or follow the progress or development of sb / sth
a person , especially a child , who cries too often or without good reason
to start a career in a particular profession
concerned with reducing suffering and improving the conditions that people live in
things you can buy that are connected with or that advertise a particular event or organization
a person who climbs ( especially mountains ) or an animal that climbs
a short distance away
brave and confident ; not afraid to say what you feel or to take risks
to have sb / sth on one or both sides
being four times as much or as many
a small house or shelter , usually made of wood
to provide sb with a room or place to sleep , live or sit
official permission for a person or vehicle to enter or leave an airport or a country
to look in or at sth to get information
to take in and keep heat , light , energy , etc. instead of reflecting it
preventing people from doing what they want
a large number of people of one particular type
the part of a piece of clothing that covers a woman 's bosom
to press yourself close to sb or under sth
the light ringing sound that is made when glass objects or coins touch
the normal temperature inside a building
in a way that shows you are thinking of the good things about a situation , not the bad
a swear word that some people use when they are annoyed or surprised or to emphasize sth . Its use is offensive to some people .
to shine light on sth
to be the start of sth new
ideas or statements that may be false or exaggerated and that are used in order to gain support for a political leader , party , etc .
a feeling of not liking sb / sth
to make a continuous low noise
to begin sth again after a pause or an interruption
used instead of he or she to refer to a person whose sex is not mentioned or not known
a man or woman whose job is to sell goods , for example , in a shop / store
an animal with four legs and a tail , often kept as a pet or trained for work , for example hunting or guarding buildings . There are many types of dog , some of which are wild .
of or related to an axis
to shine with a pale clear light
having or showing great determination
the act of offering sth to a god , especially an animal that has been killed in a special way ; an animal , etc. that is offered in this way
a person who helps sb do sth more easily by discussing problems , giving advice , etc. rather than telling them what to do
to increase gradually
to give an opinion or make a decision openly so that it is then difficult to change it
official agreement to or approval of sth
producing too much natural oil
not mixed with other substances ; not adulterated
an officer of very high rank in the navy
to hit sb / sth quickly and lightly
the order that events , actions , etc. happen in or should happen in
to be present when an official document is signed and sign it yourself to prove that you saw this happen
used to say that sth has been removed
to be likely to be dismissed from a job
to pass across an area
made and sold illegally
not showing respect to sb / sth that other people usually respect
to have a very good opinion of sb / sth ; to admire sb / sth
a liquid that you put on your hair or skin in order to make it healthier
to walk using the front parts of your feet only , so that other people cannot hear you
to unfairly influence sb 's opinions or decisions
used to make a request , especially in a letter or in a formal situation
to grow too big to be able to wear or fit into sth
very fast and dangerous
having come to have a strong belief in a particular religion ( especially evangelical Christianity ) or idea , and wanting other people to have the same belief
the line between two states in the US
an occasion when people come together to discuss or decide sth
to cut sb 's hair very short
a person who plays the piano
to give a lot of attention to sb , especially to a student because you want them to join your fraternity or sorority
to read sth quickly and not thoroughly
an unusual and interesting thing
leading to a bigger road , etc .
a situation in which there is aggressive competition between groups , companies , countries , etc .
to make sth remain at a high level
made or measured using the metric system
kind , gentle and loving
to be strongly built , often with many locks , strong doors , guards , etc , so that it is difficult for people to enter and the things kept there are safe
louder than sth
a feeling that gradually spreads through a person or group of people
never dying or forgotten
to move sb to a higher rank or more senior job
a person who is in charge of other people at work and tells them what to do
an idea , argument , etc. that you think is stupid
to say sth as an answer , especially sth quick , critical or amusing
a short ride in a car for pleasure
to include sth with what you are selling or offering , without increasing the price
to say that you no longer believe that sth you previously said is true
to behave in a way that shows a lack of respect by doing sth that you have no right to do
a short , interesting or amusing story about a real person or event
a person , particularly an unpleasant or strange one
to put a layer of a substance onto the surface of sth ; to be able to be put onto a surface
most important or best
completely new
a type of thick soft pale brown cloth made from camel 's hair or a mixture of camel 's hair and wool , used especially for making coats
a turn to the right
a type of entertainment in which a machine plays only the music of popular songs so that people can sing the words themselves
a thick mass of sth that is stuck together
the part of the day between the afternoon and the time you go to bed
not having interest in or enthusiasm for sth , especially work or study
to put a mark ( ✓ ) next to an item on a list , an answer , etc .
a list of possible choices that are shown on a computer screen
the edge of a piece of clothing , especially a woman 's , which fits around or below the neck
making a continuous loud deep noise
requiring or showing courage
to notice or become aware of sth
to find sb and make them answer a question or tell you sth you need to know
to suddenly affect sb strongly
a place of worship for some groups of Christians
without trying to avoid the truth even though it might be unpleasant or embarrassing
the complete control of trade in particular goods or the supply of a particular service ; a type of goods or a service that is controlled in this way
young and lacking experience
any area outside towns and cities , with fields , woods , farms , etc .
to help sell a product , service , etc. or make it more popular by advertising it or offering it at a special price
a device that makes a regular sound like a clock and is used by musicians to help them keep the correct rhythm when playing a piece of music
the outer edge of a particular area
the period of time when sb is getting used to not taking a drug that they have become addicted to , and the unpleasant effects of doing this
to make sb learn about sth or do sth for the first time
an open pie made of pastry or cake filled with eggs and cheese , fruit , etc .
considered to be the best of its kind and almost impossib le to improve
to remove clothes
at a fast speed ; quickly
the quality of being individual or unique
unlikely to happen and therefore not worth considering
to move or make sth move backwards
a song or dance , especially one of several in a performance
thin plastic that is sensitive to light , used for taking photographs and making films / movies ; a roll of this plastic , used in cameras
a person who is extremely successful in their career or at a particular sport
a line or pattern on paper or a screen that shows information that is found by a machine
to make sb feel weak and tired
a humorous way of talking to or about a boy or man that you think is trying to be too important
used with singular nouns to refer to all the members of a group of things or people
to show that sb / sth is not good by being very much better than it / them
the amount of money that you have to pay for sth
to provide sb / sth with insurance against fire , injury , damage , etc .
( in writing measurements ) feet ; foot
to become clean
week commencing ( the week that begins on the date mentioned )
a path through the countryside
that cannot support a lot of weight ; likely to break
without colour or very pale
to increase in price or amount
to stay close to an opponent in order to prevent them from getting the ball
to celebrate festivals , birthdays , etc .
on all sides of sb / sth ; surrounding sb / sth
to try to hide a problem or disagreement in a way that is temporary and not likely to be successful
used to show that you are going to say sth surprising or exciting
to have sth on your body as a piece of clothing , a decoration , etc .
the crime of harming a child in a physical , sexual or emotional way
the food and drink that people , animals and plants need to live and stay healthy
to organize or hold an event
that can be dissolved in a liquid
a place where a road , river , etc. divides into two parts ; either of these two parts
to put sth in the same envelope , package , etc. as sth else
connected with the natural heat of rock deep in the ground
to suddenly make an expression with your face that shows that you are feeling pain or embarrassment
a system in which employees work a particular number of hours each week or month but can choose when they start and finish work each day
used to show a quantity or rate
to show and explain how sth works or how to do sth
a newspaper that you believe to be of low quality
a search to find out information about the identity of sb / sth , especially what number a telephone call was made from
to put sth in a safe place and lock it
to become twisted or make sth twisted out of its natural or normal shape
a situation in which there are problems or difficulties , especially when these are unexpected
to make sb / sth calm
to form into a mass or group ; to collect things and form them into a mass or group
at a slow speed ; not quickly
a curve like the path of an object thrown into the air and falling back to earth
happy or willing to do sth
the state of no longer having sth or as much of sth ; the process that leads to this
words that are spoken , but without the necessary facts or actions to support them
to give sb sth in separate small amounts
to compete strongly with sb in order to obtain or achieve sth
to happen unexpectedly and put sb in a difficult situation
a person , a thing or an event that is much better than others of a similar type
the top surface of the upper part of the legs when you are sitting down
able to move quickly and easily
a small table on very small wheels , used for carrying or serving food or drink
to perform a piece of music , a role in a play , etc. in a way that shows your feelings about its meaning
needing a lot of study or thought
an imaginary limit or border between one place or thing and another
ultraviolet rays that are very short and do not get through the ozone layer
not washed ; dirty
belonging to past times ; not modern
a device for controlling the flow of water from a pipe into a bath / bathtub or sink
very serious and intended to impress people
a strip of red carpet laid on the ground for an important visitor to walk on when he or she arrives
to take action to discover where sb is hiding or to make a secret publicly known
to intend sb to be or do sth
an upstairs area at the back or sides of a large hall where people can sit
to kill a large number of people or animals violently
a person on the right wing of a political party
a tool that is used to open things
a curved piece of glass or plastic that makes things look larger , smaller or clearer when you look through it
not formed in the normal way
not accurate or exact
upset or offended because sth unfair has been done
an act of pressing sth , usually with your hands
a particular direction ; in a particular direction
at various places in an area
because of
the activity of writing books , articles , etc , especially as a job
the study of signs and symbols and of their meaning and use
a thing that you see or can see
a group of states or countries that have the same central government or that agree to work together
eating or wanting large amounts of food
to arrange sth in the correct position , or to be in the correct position , in relation to sth else , especially in a straight line
the act of making arrangements or preparations for sth
doing things very carefully and with great attention to detail
nonsense ; silly things that sb says
a male person , animal or plant
willing to use their power to do dishonest or illegal things in return for money or to get an advantage
to adjust sth so that it is of the required standard ; to establish a required or agreed standard for sth
a closed coach / car on a train for carrying bags , cases , etc. or mail
to use a particular course of action in order to deal with or achieve sth
a copy of sb / sth in the form of a picture or statue
physically attractive
an occasion when two teams or players compete against each other
to stop supporting or helping sb ; to stop believing in sth
adults or people who have reached an advanced level
to accept sb / sth that is annoying , unpleasant , etc. without complaining
exactly the same
to continue for a particular period of time without stopping
to go or move further in the same direction
to arrange or agree sth by formal discussion
when a part of a machine engages , or when you engage it , it fits together with another part of the machine and the machine begins to work
the small pieces of sth that are left when you have cut sth
to hit the ball far enough for you to get to second base
warm and pleasant
to stop rising or falling and remain horizontal
continuing to exist
an act of passing waste matter from the body through the bowels
all the people who act in a play or film / movie
to provide the answer to sth ; to settle sth that was not certain
so attractive that you feel you must have it
coming from or happening in a different state
used to show that sth faces in a particular direction
personal qualities such as courage and imagination that help you deal with difficult situations
to lift and move food with a spoon
that can be taken off
to make sb notice sb / sth , especially by pointing or moving your head
connected with fashionable rich people
a jump into deep water with your head first and your arms in front of you
feeling angry and unhappy because you feel that you have been treated unfairly
if a pipe , lock or machine freezes , or sth freezes it , it becomes blocked with frozen liquid and therefore cannot be used
the joint between the upper and lower parts of the arm where it bends in the middle
to give sb a particular rank or title
to call sb 's name over a public address system in order to find them and give them a mes sage
a large tropical fruit with thick rough skin , sweet yellow flesh with a lot of juice and stiff leaves on top
an act of criticizing sb / sth strongly in public
used to agree to a request or to give permission
annoying or irritating
a tower , wall , gun position , etc. built to defend a place against attack
a person who hates sb or who acts or speaks against sb / sth
the action of organizing or controlling sth
to cut hair from the skin , especially the face , using a razor
the extra money that you pay back when you borrow money or that you receive when you invest money
the moment at which sth begins to exist or starts to be seen or used
harming or likely to harm sb / sth
( of a business ) small and offering products or services of a high quality to a small number of customers
to move or travel from one place to another
a person or thing that is the reason why sb creates or does sth
the quality of seeming to be true or real
a particular place or area
to sing sth quietly and gently
sympathy and help that you give to sb who is in a difficult or unhappy situation
that has a bitter sharp taste
the sport o f shooting animals and birds with guns
with no people or things inside
an increase in the price or value of sth
to become successful or popular very quickly or suddenly
not attractive or exciting ; dull
a way of doing business with sb
to discuss sth with sb to get their permission for sth , or to help you make a decision
preventing people from doing sth by law
used for talking about habits
the part of the body that you sit on ; your bottom
prisoners or slaves who are forced to work
connected with the development of sb / sth
honestly and directly
done in a way that shows you are aware of the effect that is being produced
a unit of measurement that allows you to compare the different amounts of substances in sth
able to understand sb / sth quickly and accurately ; showing this
an attractive appearance that is only on the surface and hides what is not so attractive
moving around in the same direction as the hands of a clock
to dig a tunnel under or through the ground
used before uncountable nouns when these have an adjective in front of them , or phrase following them
a place where things are made or industrial processes take place
a look on a person 's face that shows their thoughts or feelings
seeming to be dishonest ; looking guilty about sth
without help
as beautiful , pure , etc. as an angel
to suggest or accept that sth is true so that it can be used as the basis for a theory , etc .
used to show that sth is almost , but not completely , accurate or correct
a medical condition in which there is severe loss of blood from inside a person 's body
to seem to be spinning around and around
the state that sth is in
a painting or drawing , etc. that shows a scene , a person or thing
to make other people recognize again your right or authority to do sth , after a period when this has been in doubt
a passage between rows of seats in a church , theatre , train , etc , or between rows of shelves in a supermarket
connected with horses ; like a horse
the way in which sb plays a game
to make sth available that had previously been restricted
a thing that you think is amusing
something that you say or do to make people laugh , for example a funny story that you tell
slowly , over a long period of time
a thing that stops sb from doing sth
to make sb have a wrong idea about sb / sth
a large organized sports event
chance ; the force that causes good or bad things to happen to people
a particular type of gas used in war to kill or injure people , or used by the police to control people
the bed in which sb is dying or dies
an old woman , especially sb 's wife or mother
a small picture , map , etc. inside a larger one
a round figure or amount is one that is given as a whole number , usually one ending in 0 or 5
having a flat surface that does not slope
to send sb away from a court to wait for their trial which will take place at a later date
completely lacking sth
to deliberately lose a game or contest that you should have won
to face or curve towards the centre
to force sb to move in a particular direction or to get into a particular situation
not right or correct
not putting enough care , attention or energy into sth and so not doing it well enough
to be at a particular level , amount , height , etc .
the information that you get from a scientific test or piece of research
the distance covered in a particular journey
an increase in an amount , a number or a level
to stop sth from happening ; to take action to end sth
connected with or belonging to the king or queen of a country
the raised part on the bottom of a shoe , boot , etc. that makes the shoe , etc. higher at the back
more than is necessary ; large
to stop speaking or stop doing sth for a time
a container for putting sth in
the second letter of the English alphabet
a temporary stopping of an activity , especially by official agreement
to work hard at sth
the brother of your mother or father ; the husband of your aunt
a plant or part of a plant that is eaten as food . Potatoes , beans and onions are all vegetables .
to become loose and drop
to say in a will that you want sb to have your property , money , etc. after you die
a wound made by an animal or insect
a cut or mark on the edge or surface of sth
to decrease in amount , number or strength
to come out of your mother 's body at the beginning of your life
a building or an area of land used for a particular purpose
the limits between which sth varies
used for asking sb what they want
to move the beak forward quickly and hit or bite sth
rude ; not showing respect for other people
movement forwards or towards a place
the system of helping an industry in your own country by taxing foreign goods
a way of saying or writing ‘ one ’
to persuade sb to do sth that they should have done already
used as decoration rather than for a practical purpose
used for describing a possible action or event that did not in fact happen , because sth else did not happen first
a thing that is invented or imagined and is not true
to fall down ( and usually become unconscious ) , especially because you are very ill / sick
a flat piece of stone that has words written on it , especially one that has been fixed to a wall in memory of an important person or event
to burst or pour out suddenly ; to produce sudden , powerful streams of liquid or flames
to feel certain about sth
the distance that you cover when you take a step
a dish made with masala
to make light , an image , etc. fall onto a flat surface or screen
in the highest position ; facing upwards
the deliberate development of a particular relationship , quality or skill
an underground railway / railroad system in a city
impossible to understand
an area that is by the sea , especially one where people go for a day or a holiday / vacation
on the other side of sth
not trained to perform a particular job or skill ; without formal training in sth
a loud noise like thunder
to contain or hold a lot of sth
a poem that has 14 lines , each containing 10 syllables , and a fixed pattern of rhyme
an upper floor of a theatre or cinema / movie theater where the seats are arranged in curved rows
the district near docks ( = the place where ships are loaded and unloaded in a port )
in which you spend a lot of time sitting down
the state of continuing to exist or function
to move around quickly in a circle ; to make sth do this
growing or climbing in all directions , for example up a wall
very much ; far
to arrange people or things in a straight line or row
the 50th anniversary of a wedding
excellent
like glass ; smooth and shiny
the use of words or actions that are intended to encourage people to oppose a government
as far as a particular number , level , etc .
to choose or name sb for a particular job or position
a small round piece of some types of food
to decide to do sth ; to agree to be responsible for sth / sb
a period of time when you are allowed to be away from work for a holiday / vacation or for a special reason
an acute illness is one that has quickly become severe and dangerous
a description of an event from the position of a particular person or group of people
to speak quickly in a way that is difficult to understand , often because of fear
an object , especially a record , made by using pressure or weight to shape a piece of metal , plastic , etc ; a number of such objects that are made at one time
a state of feeling or being happy or satisfied
in a simple way , without decoration
a reason for not being satisfied ; a statement that sb makes saying that they are not satisfied
having one part that is pulled over to cover another part at the front and then loosely fastened
too little in amount for what is needed
to show other people how good you are at doing sth or that you are capable of doing sth
a large public meeting , especially one held to support a particular idea or political party
without much flesh ; thin and fit
a through road or route is open at both ends and allows traffic to travel from one end to the other
information that you write down when sb is speaking , or when you are reading a book , etc .
to work closely together
a Japanese style of wrestling , in which the people taking part are extremely large
a person or thing that is not included in sth
up the stairs ; on or to a floor of a house or other building higher than the one that you are on
a district that elects its own representative to parliament
unfair or unkind
the act of performing a play , concert or some other form of entertainment
to force sb / sth / yourself into or through a small space
to wear a particular size in shoes or clothes
a large bird , usually without feathers on its head or neck , that eats the flesh of animals that are already dead
a hard substance in meat that is unpleasant to eat
evil behaviour ; an evil act
tending or liking to hide your thoughts , feelings , ideas , etc. from other people
things that sb / sth makes you do , especially things that are difficult , make you tired , worried , etc .
to mention an example of sth to support what you are saying
to move your head suddenly upwards , especially to show that you are annoyed or impatient
continuing for a long time and difficult to cure or remove
a round object around which you wind such things as thread , wire or film ; a reel together with the film , wire , thread , etc. that is wound around it
to have a particular effect
to get a particular feeling or quality from a situation
to try to persuade sb to do sth by suggesting that it is a fair , reasonable or honest thing to do
soon ; after a short time
to give sb the rank and title of a knight
a fly or sth made to look like a fly , that is put on a hook and used as bait to catch fish
to need sth
lying on the ground , after falling
a meeting or conference of the members of a profession or group
a quantity that contains another quantity an exact number of times
to reach a particular total
used to introduce the first point you want to make
the act of joining one thing to another ; a thing that joins two things together
existing in a particular place or thing
an experience or a person that causes difficulties for sb
the length of time within which you must do or complete sth
not modern ; no longer fashionable
excited
a protest against authority , especially that of a government , often involving violence ; the action of protesting against authority
to make marks or holes on the surface of sth
a record of sth happening frequently in the past life of a person , family or place ; the set of facts that are known about sb 's past life
to be unable to understand sth because it is too difficult ; to be in a situation that you cannot control
nervous , excited and very active
to make sb feel better
the act or activity of travelling
relating to Britain or the British Empire
the sound of sth heavy hitting the ground or another object
unhappy and disappointed
used after some verbs before mentioning sb / sth involved in the action
a drug used to reduce pain , fever and inflammation
one of the five large areas that the ocean is divided into
a piece of string or wire used for fastening or tying sth
to have a short circuit ; to make sth have a short circuit
having the same number , colour , size , quality , etc .
to take an active interest in sth and be aware of what is happening
something that can be used to help you make a decision or form an opinion
a place where sth such as a new machine , vehicle or weapon can be tested
something that you must have in order to do sth else
time without end , especially life continuing without end after death
to study sth as your main subject at a university or college
to seem unpleasant to sb
an insect that lives in organized groups , mainly in hot countries . Termites do a lot of damage by eating the wood of trees and buildings .
having none or not enough of sth
able to cure illness
a sudden strong movement of air
in a way that provides good service or value in relation to the amount of time or money spent
in a logical and sensible way
a cup of tea
a shallow plastic box , used for various purposes
to make sb unable to move because they are afraid , surprised , etc .
a barrier that stops people or vehicles from entering or leaving a place
to move or go somewhere by putting one foot in front of the other on the ground , but without running
to press a switch , button , etc , for example in order to make a machine start working
to work in the correct way
an agreement between countries to stop testing nuclear weapons
what is measured in minutes , hours , days , etc .
to keep existing or happening without stopping
an occasion when sb is called to do repairs , rescue sb , etc .
shared by , or for the use of , a number of people , especially people who live together
too offensive or shocking to be repeated
the act of saying goodbye to sb
used to tell sb rudely to go away
a person who does or studies sth but is not serious about it and does not have much knowledge
an informal talk involving a small group of people or only two ; the activity of talking in this way
having spiritual powers or qualities that are difficult to understand or to explain
if a building is in a commanding position or has a commanding view , you can see the area around very well from it
if sth overturns , or if sb overturns it , it turns upside down or on its side
happening or done later than the time or event mentioned
to allow sb to get into your vehicle and take them somewhere
to strictly limit or reduce the amount of money that sb / sth has or can use
to make a mark on the smooth surface of sth when you rub it against sth rough
to make sb confused because they do not understand sth
the process of choosing sb / sth from a group of people or things , usually according to a system
well-organized socially with a very developed culture and way of life
to make sb feel upset or worried , especially because a situation has changed
having a strong effect on your senses ; making you feel excited and confident
equally far from two or more places
lasting only for a very short time
a small plastic tube that hair is rolled around to give it curls
to make a suggestion or guess which you know may be wrong
food and drink
the life and teaching of Jesus as explained in the Bible
to go through or over an area on a horse , bicycle , etc .
an increase in how fast sth happens
an idea , a design , etc. that sb has created and that the law prevents other people from copying
to have a period of rapid growth ; to become bigger , more successful , etc .
a long thick curtain
to lead or guide sb to a place
having a strong taste or smell
the state of being clean or the habit of keeping things clean
to admit that sth is true
a small piece of metal with a hole through the centre that is screwed onto a bolt to hold pieces of wood , machinery , etc. together
to compete with sb in a contest
connected with the land or sea that is owned by a particular country
the act of upsetting or insulting sb
an official document with a particular purpose
a mother
well known to you ; often seen or heard and therefore easy to recognize
to protect sb / sth from attack
to move or make sth move quickly up and down , especially in water
relating to the process of removing or obtaining sth , especially minerals
to defend or block sth by building a barricade
honest or legal
sounding deep , quiet and rough , sometimes in an attractive way
connected with the education of children from 2 to 5 years old
talk or behaviour that people think is annoying , rude or lacking in respect
a person who mends sth
having the same size and shape
a person who earns money for a job that they do
to develop and improve sth , especially a skill , over a period of time
used to show that sb / sth is well known or often talked about
to stop sb / sth that is going from one place to another from arriving
the amount of time , or number of votes , etc. by which sb wins sth
completely necessary ; extremely important in a particular situation or for a particular activity
to clean the fur or skin of another animal or itself
used before the number of a main road in the US
to try to do sth
a very small amount of sth
a state of human society that is very developed and organized
to become the father of a child
an area or a region with a particular feature or use
the relation between the actual size of sth and its size on a map , diagram or model that represents it
a man from a high social class , especially one who does not need to work
to lift , pull or throw sb / sth very heavy with one great effort
( used as a friendly way of addressing sb ) a friend
feeling shame or embarrassment about sb / sth or because of sth you have done
a group of people who are similar in some way , or who spend time together
to use a particular set of facts or ideas in order to form an opinion that is considered valid for a different situation
temporarily not speaking or refusing to speak
willing and quick to do or give sth
a person or an animal that is difficult to control
made to look older and more worn than it really is
used , especially by children , to address a man whose name they do not know
to have an influence on sb 's opinion or the result of sth
a person or spirit that you cannot see but that you feel is near
to ask sb to vote in writing and secretly about sth
damage to a surface caused by rubbing sth very hard against it
happening before you were born or can remember or before you lived , worked , etc. somewhere
to make sb feel bored or not interested
an occasion when you show a particular quality , feeling or ability by the way that you behave
a person who investigates crimes
to look like or be similar to another person or thing
feeling , tasting , smelling or looking like oil
the feeling that you are free from pain , anxiety or some other unpleasant feeling
made or seeming to be made at the back of the throat
to sell sth at an auction
an open area with a market at a place where two roads meet in a city
to put sth somewhere suddenly and violently
to exist or to apply in a particular situation or at a particular time
to find a way of stopping or defeating a criminal or an enemy
( in Britain ) a title used by Members of Parliament when talking about or to another Member during a debate
the clothes that a person has
very modern in appearance ; using modern materials
a very spicy Indian dish , usually containing meat or fish
a state of confusion , in which things are not clear
to have an official position as sth or as a member of sth
to move quickly off the ground or away from a surface by pushing yourself with your legs and feet
a type of strong soft cotton cloth with a pattern of raised parallel lines on it , used for making clothes
to join two things firmly together ; to join firmly to sth else
not big or valuable enough to be considered important
very small and not covering much of your body
to produce sth that can be seen or heard , based on written information or instructions
( in Britain ) a title used by a woman who is a member of the nobility , or by sb who has been given the title ‘ lady ’ as an honour . The wives and daughters of some members of the nobility and the wives of knights are also called ‘ Lady ’ .
to give or leave sth to sb who is younger than you
preparation or an arrangement for dealing with sth
the face of a clock or watch , or a similar control on a machine , piece of equipment or vehicle that shows a measurement of time , amount , speed , temperature , etc .
towards the sea ; in the direction of the sea
to make sb a seed in a competition
a type of loud and aggressive rock music popular in the late 1970s and early 1980s
an electrical device that produces rays of heat and that is used for medical or scientific purposes
a short break or escape from sth difficult or unpleasant
broken stones or bricks from a building or wall that has been destroyed or damaged
to put the name of a person , a company , a product or a country on a blacklist
used , happening or located outside rather than in a building
to prevent sth harmful from spreading or getting worse
a fine powder that consists of very small pieces of a particular substance
strongly alcoholic
based on facts , not on ideas or guesses
to squeeze sth , especially a piece of paper , into a tight ball
at a more advanced level ; greater in rank or importance than others
to think with pleasure and excitement about sth that is going to happen
to use sth in a way that is not appropriate to a particular situation
( in Britain ) a place where students go to study or to receive training after they have left school
to not keep to an agreement or not keep a promise
to state openly that you have a p articular belief , feeling , etc .
to exchange a cheque / check for the amount of money that it is worth
behaviour that is very cruel and violent
that cannot be used , or that does not apply , in a particular situation
not important ; not serious
a sweet food made from a mixture of flour , eggs , butter , sugar , etc. that is baked in an oven . Cakes are made in various shapes and sizes and are often decorated , for example with cream or icing .
to move on skates ( usually referring to ice skating , if no other information is given )
the main part of a town or city where there are a lot of shops / stores and offices
physically strong
to admit sth that you feel ashamed or embarrassed about
to make a loud sharp sound
a device consisting of a band , ropes , etc. for holding and lifting heavy objects
causing serious problems or damage
to become more active ; to make sth more active
a fast physical movement in which you turn in a circle sideways by putting your hands on the ground and bringing your legs , one at a time , over your head
a disorder of the nervous system that causes a person to become unconscious suddenly , often with violent movements of the body
used after negative phrases to state that a feeling or situation is similar to one already mentioned
full of life and energy
a remark that expresses blame or disapproval
according to the judgement of critics of art , music , literature , etc .
to return to a normal state after an unpleasant experience or a period of difficulty , and become ready to make an effort again with new enthusiasm or strength
paper that you use to cover and decorate the walls of a room
to describe or show the most typical characteristics of sb / sth , especially in a few words
to reach an acceptable level or standard
the number of people who vote in a particular election
a type of solid , liquid or gas that has particular qualities
a short period of doing sth or of behaving in a particular way , especially in a way that you cannot control
to block or get in the way of sth
to make it possible for people , cars , goods , etc. to pass through a place
to spend the weekend somewhere
the advantage that you get from doing sth
an act of looking for information in a computer database or network
to be or become stagnant
that has decayed and cannot be eaten or used
the number of votes given in an election
to introduce an idea or activity to another country or area
a type of politics that claims to represent the opinions and wishes of ordinary people
not speaking
to hold or be attached to sth and move it along behind you
an area that one person , group , animal , etc. considers as their own and defends against others who try to enter it
to move your body quickly away from sb / sth because you find them or it frightening or unpleasant
if sb arrests , their heart stops beating
to do sth or to allow sth to happen as fast as possible
to make sb decide not to do sth or continue doing sth , especially by making them understand the difficulties and unpleasant results of their actions
the 12th letter of the English alphabet
a pint of beer ( especially in a pub )
to get back the use of your senses , control of your emotions , etc .
the skill of making pots and dishes from clay , especially by hand
a formal agreement between two or more people , groups or countries , especially one in which they agree to help each other
not exact ; not including all details
grateful for sth
used as the written or spoken way of showing the sound that people make when they disapprove of sth
the movement or direction of an object as it travels through the air
the family or social backgroun d that is thought to result in good manners
not the right size or shape
music that is played to support singing or another instrument
a strip of leather , cloth or other material that is used to fasten sth , keep sth in place , carry sth or hold onto sth
to show that sth is wrong or false
damaged or injured by burning
to make it possible for sth to happen or exist by creating the necessary conditions
not harmful or dangerous
if it is suffocating , it is very hot and there is little fresh air
containing mistakes ; that you cannot rely on
thoroughly and completely
the thick pale yellowish-white fatty liquid that rises to the top of milk , used in cooking or as a type of sauce to put on fruit , etc .
that has been removed , lost or destroyed and has not been replaced
a word or phrase that shows a part or quantity of sth
to show that a day or an event is important by doing sth special on it
to complete or achieve sth without any difficulty
to move , especially down a hill , without using any power
the activity of buying and selling things
used for talking about behaviour that you think is typical
a thing that is very important and needs immediate attention or action
( in Britain and many other countries ) a senior member of the government who is in charge of a government department or a branch of one
how sensible sth is
to stretch your hand out or up in order to get sth for sb
happening at a time or in a situation that is not suitable
the state of being well known for sth bad or evil
to need or require a particular amount of time
bearing problems or another person 's unpleasant behaviour with patience
one of the categories of verb use that expresses facts , orders , questions , wishes or conditions
used to show that you do not feel sorry for sb who has a problem
the wide curved set of bones at the bottom of the body that the legs and spine are connected to
to perform well / badly in a test of knowledge or ability
containing very small shiny pieces
the activity of working well together as a team
only remaining
used to describe sth that is difficult or unpleasant
to make sb feel annoyed or impatient because they cannot do or achieve what they want
to fail to keep sth you want or need , especially money ; to cause sb to fail to keep sth
words or expressions that are used by a particular profession or group of people , and are difficult for others to understand
used to describe sb who had a particular title , job , etc. at the time in the past that is being discussed
to provide an area of land with water
to block a hole with a substance
a party at which you give presents to a woman who is getting married or having a baby
without power to move or act
to reach as far as a particular point
a decrease in the amount or success of sth , usually for only a short period
to sell too much or more of sth than is available
made completely of the material mentioned ( that is , the material is not only on the surface )
able to think clearly and make decisions based on reason rather than emotions
working or ready to work
an association or a club for people or organizations with the same interest
a direction or place from which you look at sth
to buy or find things of a particular type and keep them as a hobby
to keep sth for sb else or for longer than usual
to make sb decide to do sth ; to cause sth to happen
an effort that you make to do or join sth new
so weak or uncertain that it hardly exists
the activity of fighting a war , especially using particular weapons or methods
the type of mathematics that deals with the adding , multiplying , etc. of numbers
the belief that the universe and living things were created by an intelligent being
an act of taking furniture , etc. from one house to another
based on good judgement
a short piece of music with words that you sing
opposition to authority within an organization , a political party , etc .
friendly remarks and jokes
land that is under the control of a particular country or ruler
connected to the laws that deal with crime
to keep asking sb questions
happening or coming after sth else
used to show that you are happy to help sb or that sth will be easy to do
any of the tubes that carry blood from the heart to other parts of the body
a trip to a place that you have been to once before , or a trip to see sb who has already come to see you
a break or change in a continuous process
done secretly or kept secret
to say or write particular words or a particular type of language
that people consider to be dishonest and bad
to make a particular decision in a court case
to take place , especially without being planned
the act of listening to , looking at or thinking about sth / sb carefully
a class in a school
taking place within a single institution , especially a school or college
made weaker or less effective
based on your own ideas or opinions rather than facts and therefore sometimes unfair
to put sth / sb in a vertical position somewhere
an idea , a fact , a situation , etc. from which sth is developed
to make sb feel or believe sth even more strongly
the degree to which the ground slopes , especially on a road or railway
to bring a product , a service , an idea , etc. into one country from another
an event or occasion that you experience in a particular way
to injure part of your body , especially your ankle , wrist or knee , bending it in an awkward way
a person who takes goods illegally into or out of a place
after anyone or anything else ; at the end
directed or moving towards the front
the area around a particular place
a photograph of a scene from a film / movie or video
used as a polite way of accepting sth
a person who is suspected of a crime or of having done sth wrong
a place where people who cannot care for themselves live and are cared for by others
not real , imaginary
a formal occasion when soldiers march or stand in lines so that they can be examined by their officers or other important people
land covered by small trees or bushes
something that spoils the opinion that other people have of you , or your happiness
very impressive and successful
the amount that a company sells of its products or services compared with other companies selling the same things
happening once a year or every year
to make sb feel weak , shocked , and unable to do anything
to tell a parent , teacher , etc. about sth wrong that another child has done
behaviour that shows that you think you are better than other people
controlling people by force and restricting their freedom
the width of sth from one side to the other
a time during the day when many people are driving their cars , for example to or from work
careless , untidy or dirty in appearance or habits
all the men of a country
to change the time at which sth has been arranged to happen , especially so that it takes place later
familiar with sb / sth so that you can understand or recognize them or it and act in an appropriate way
a long thin piece of potato fried in oil or fat
having long legs
to have confidence in sb ; to believe that sb is good , sincere , honest , etc .
material made by weaving wool , cotton , silk , etc , used for making clothes , curtains , etc. and for covering furniture
a particular ability or type of ability
something that is genuine and that has value , not a copy
a person , an animal or an insect that jumps
a person who suffers because of a particular action , decision , etc .
very disappointing
the state of not being influenced by other people or by your own feelings
to move a piece in chess , etc .
a space surrounded on all sides by walls and a roof for heating metal or glass to very high temperatures
an area surrounded by a fence in which animals are kept
used to tell sb rudely to be quiet
a system of paying for sth with a credit card or debit card in which the card has information stored on it in the form of a microchip and you prove your identity by typing a number ( your PIN ) rather than by signing your name
to damage or destroy sth deliberately to prevent an enemy from using it or to protest about sth
respected and important
the words , pictures , etc. shown on a computer screen
to work at sth or study sth very hard
connected with an institution
to be or remain in a flat position on a surface
a phrase that many people find offensive , used to mean ‘ none at all ’ or ‘ nothing at all ’
definitely and in an obvious way
very high
all the military ships of a particular country
to move away from sth or stop being involved in it
very bad ( at sth ) ; with no ability or skill
a flat surface raised above the level of the ground or floor , used by public speakers or performers so that the audience can see them
no longer feeling enthusiasm for sb / sth ; not believing sth is good or worth doing
a sign of the size or the strength of sth
a fixed period of time , usually while other people are asleep , during which sb watches for any danger so that they can warn others , for example on a ship ; the person or people who do this
a person , newspaper , etc. that speaks on behalf of another person or group of people
not willing to give personal information about yourself
the act of sending sb who needs professional help to a person or place that can provide it
to begin to have a particular quality or feeling over a period of time
the quality of being useful or important
the condition of being more important than sb else and therefore coming or being dealt with first
without enough money
enthusiastic clapping by an audience as a sign of their approval
stopping and starting often , especially because you are not certain or are not very confident
to laugh noisily
to treat raw material , food , etc. in order to change it , preserve it , etc .
to say in a direct way to sb that you would like to have sex with them
used with an adjective to emphasize a statement
one of a pair of single beds in a room
a person who has the same interests and opinions as yourself , and will help and support you
a lack of sth ; the fact of there not being enough of sth
used after a number and a noun such as ‘ year ’ ‘ day ’ or ‘ time ’ , to say that sth has happened in the same way several times , without a change
to put oil or water on sb 's head as part of a religious ceremony
simple and not very accurate but giving a general idea of sth
of the highest quality or standard
a young insect that has a body form which compares with that of the adult
a word or phrase used with a different meaning from its normal one , in order to describe sth in a way that pro duces a strong picture in the mind
without hurrying
a design or a pattern used as a decoration
having a lot of stones on it or in it
to move along the ground with small bounces
the activity and industry of advertising things to people on television , in newspapers , on the Internet , etc .
to create an idea in your imagination
covering the floor of a room completely
a particular type of business , especially one connected with entertainment
the part of a curved road or track nearest to the middle or shortest side of the curve
next to or near sth
a person or an animal in a drawing , painting , etc , or in a story
a representative of the Pope ( = the leader of the Roman Catholic Church ) in a foreign country
for hours , days , etc. without stopping
a box or folded piece of card for keeping loose papers together and in order
used to show that you must or should do sth
to use power or influence to affect sb / sth
a book , play , etc , especially one studied for an exam
to spend time getting your health and strength back after an illness
to punish sb who has harmed you and stop them doing you any more harm
the central part of a sports field ; the group of players in this position
a knockout competition is one in which the winning player / team at each stage competes in the next stage and the losing one no longer takes part in the competition
that is not fixed in one place and can be moved easily and quickly
a group of soldiers that are part of a larger force
a length of film in a camera that is used to take a photograph
the amount of goods or services that you sell
any of the numbers from 0 to 9
used to say that the opposite of what you have just said is also true
to laugh very hard
something that encourages a process or activity to develop more quickly
more than usual
without the help of other people or things
having pride in yourself because you believe that what you do is right and good
of average size , quality , status , etc .
an acceptable reason for doing sth
a coach / car on a train of a particular type
a list of people , organizations , etc. against whom some unpleasant action is being planned
a type of spicy sausage
smelling strongly of the thing mentioned
to open sth by turning a handle
not having the necessary documents , especially permission to live and work in a foreign country
connected with the work of a tutor
the symbol & , used to mean ‘ and ’
a product that is sold at less than its usual price , especially in order to persuade people to buy it ; the act of offering goods in this way
a very large number of things or people that appear at the same time
feeling angry or unhappy because you wish you had sth that sb else has
used to describe the extent to which sth can stretch without breaking
too strange or difficult to be understood
used when speaking to an older female who is not related to you , as a title showing respect
to drive faster than the speed that is legally allowed
a particular group of Christians
the good opinion that people have of sb / sth
to recommend sb / sth to sb
whether you want to or not
the filling in of a space with sth , especially the building of new houses in spaces between existing ones
a thing that has been formed , especially in a particular place or in a particular way
to base sth on sth
famous and often talked about , but rarely seen
to take care of sb / sth in your home , especially for a limited period
to work as a clerk
an organization of people who are trained and employed to put out fires and to rescue people from fires ; the people who belong to this organization
although ; despite the fact that …
the place where you pay for the things that you are buying in a supermarket
people of greater age , experience and authority
things that are achieved successfully
to have sth as an ending
heavy goods vehicle ( a large vehicle such as a lorry / truck )
to use a particular method to find out people 's opinions
that can be drawn out or stretched
caused by sb / sth ; because of sb / sth
a business or company involving many parts
very fat , in a way that is not healthy
something that encourages sb to do sth , usually sth bad
a copy of a book , piece of music , etc. before it has been printed
an animal 's skin , especially when it is bought or sold or used for leather
the gradual passing of a liquid through a membrane ( = a thin layer of material ) as a result of there being different amounts of dissolved substances on either side of the membrane
to push , fold or turn the ends or edges of clothes , paper , etc. so that they are held in place or look neat
to start doing sth more difficult or important than what you were doing before
a person who calculates the value or cost of sth or the amount of money to be paid
to mark sth on a computer screen ; to choose sth , especially from a menu
not real or true ; false , and trying to trick people
having the type of bill mentioned
a young person , usually a woman , who is sexually attractive but not very intelligent
relating to nerves or to the science of neurology
to make sth necessary in order to be successful
the amount a teaspoon can hold
used to emphasize how complete sth is
the world ( used especially to emphasize its size )
fighting in a battle or war
( used in written addresses ) Gardens
meat from a duck
a piece of clothing that has been knitted
to say which side of a coin you think will face upwards after it is thrown
an understanding of what sth is like
a person who is bereaved
to risk money or sth important on the result of sth
the origin or basis of sth
used to show who has possession of or responsibility for sth
to wake up ; to make sb wake up
difficult to control or manage
the men , women and children that a person leads
a lie
to show the true character of sb , or a hidden truth about sth
having very strict moral attitudes
a state in which sth has been completely destroyed
the fact of allowing yourself to be controlled by sth
unable to get rid of sb / sth that you do not want
a short holiday / vacation ; a place that is suitable for a holiday / vacation
a feeling of being jealous
to move or make sth move in the shape of a curve ; to be in the shape of a curve
to separate a machine , etc. into parts so that they can be cleaned or repaired
easy to influence ; not having much power
to put , push or throw st h into a particular place or position with a lot of force
to get back money that you have spent or lost
used by a member of parliament to refer to another member of parliament or by a lawyer to refer to another lawyer in a court of law
to put sb / sth on land from an aircraft , a boat , etc .
deep and not as clear as normal , especially because of illness or emotion
a small area of sth that you can see through , for example to talk to sb or read sth on the other side
to get sth back or to ask to have it back after it has been lost , taken away , etc .
feelings of unhappiness and disappointment caused by sth unpleasant that has happened
a person who starts an idea or a development
a person in a light sleep is easy to wake
the correct use of language
talk that does not have any meaning ; nonsense
to say numbers in the correct order
the most important part of sth
to give sb too much love or protection so that they feel restricted
used to show sb 's position or point of view
home or family life
a new event or stage that is likely to affect what happens in a continuing situation
a person or thing that cuts
to move text on a computer screen up or down so that you can read different parts of it
to fall noisily onto a surface
causing problems , noise , etc. so that sth cannot continue normally
accepted as right or true without really being considered
that looks , tastes or sounds like metal
done or arranged in a very careful way
to keep touching sth or making small changes to sth because you are not satisfied with it
to find sth in the ground by digging
belonging to or for the use of a particular person or group ; not for public use
not going in a straight line
an act or the sound of sighing
money that does not really exist or has no real value
not good or skilled at sth
to speak the words that form the text of a documentary film or programme
a prime example of sth is one that is typical of it
using a continuously changing range of physical quantiti es to measure or store data
a small amount or piece of sth
a strong container made from cloth , plastic , leather , etc , usually with one or two handles , used to carry things in when shopping or travelling
to enter a building by force ; to open a car , etc. by force
a situation in which sth does not exist any more
letters or words that are written or printed in a particular style
not reasonable or acceptable
very different in style , colour or attitude
something that is not valuable or important
a group of people with special skills working together
to sit down heavily or carelessly
a mark on a letter to show that it should be pronounced in a particular way
a sports competition
to help sb begin doing sth
to leave sb and stop having a relationship with them
a period of life in a particular form
fine ; very nice
large and impressive
a humorous copy of a film / movie , television programme , etc. that exaggerates its main features
when a vehicle or its driver reverses or the driver reverses a vehicle , the vehicle goes backwards
a signal that controls the traffic on a road , by means of red , orange and green lights that show when you must stop and when you can go
a natural or suitable environment , especially for an animal
ordinary people in society in general
with the help , support or protection of sb / sth
drunk
a strong and sudden expression of feeling
films / movies , jokes or stories that are blue are about sex
if a company , shop / store , etc. closes , or if you close it , it stops operating as a business
gas , et c. that is sent out into the air
great skill and ability
an officer of very high rank in the British air force
the back part of the leg between the ankle and the knee
to produce a caricature of sb ; to describe or present sb as a type of person you would laugh at or not respect
a thing that is used in court to prove that sb is guilty or not guilty
to talk quickly and continuously , especially about things that are not important
to examine sth very carefully in order to decide what is important or useful or to find sth important
when money goes , it is spent or used for sth
goods that are intended to be used fairly quickly and then replaced
a person who is lazy and has no skills
to include or cover sth
a prefabricated building
to try to cause trouble
to move smoothly from one song , subject , place , etc. to another
a very slow speed
a secret way of writing , especially one in which a set of letters or symbols is used to represent others
not lucky ; unfortunate
to manage to achieve sth with difficulty , or in a hurry , without much control
an event or a situation to be grateful for , usually because it stops sth unpleasant
a quality of behaviour that is polite and pleasant and deserves respect
very thin or narrow
an occasion or a period of time when sb goes to see a place or person and spends time there
a natural ability
to put a letter , etc. into a postbox
to criticize sb for doing sth wrong
without enough food , education , and all the things that are necessary for people to live a happy and comfortable life
a graduate student who holds a fellowship
following or able to follow the rules of logic in which ideas or facts are based on other true ideas or facts
finished ; not able to be used any more
to give sth a particular , pleasant smell
right , appropriate or correct ; according to the rules
to be able to be washed without losing colour or being damaged
suddenly feeling that you are in love with sb
a statement that sth will happen in the future , especially one made by sb with religious or magic powers
to give sb a signal so they know when to start doing sth
to dislike sb / sth very much
not interested ; not wanting to know about sb / sth
deep and thorough
to react to sb / sth in a particular way
to make much better progress than sb
easily broken or damaged
to sell sth in advance of when it is available
a bend or corner in a road
a hot dish of eggs mixed together and fried , often with cheese , meat , vegetables , etc. added
most important or noticeable
enough in quantity , or good enough in quality , for a particular purpose or need
connected with the real physical world , not spiritual matters
the fact of not complaining or showing what you are feeling when you are suffering
used to express sudden pain
what is needed in a particular situation
to give sb their money back , especially because they have paid too much or because they are not satisfied with sth they bought
an agreement made between two people or groups in which each side gives up some of the things they want so that both sides are happy at the end
used to emphasize sth that you have already said
silly and more typical of a child than an adult
a written record of your education and the jobs you have done , that you send when you are applying for a job
the practice of thinking deeply in silence , especially for religious reasons or in order to make your mind calm
a person who protects sth
that cannot be predicted because it changes a lot or depends on too many different things
to commit a crime again
a person born in or living in the same country as sb else
of , on or towards the side of the body that is towards the east when a person faces north
electricity
a day on which you usually work or on which most people usually work
the state of being pregnant
a death
to fail to be or go somewhere
to search thoroughly for information
a polite thing that you say or do when you meet people in formal situations
to fill or cover sth with a lot of water
behaving in a way that shows a sexual attraction to sb that is not serious
to arrange sth in layers or strata
containing or consisting of many separate and different events
to sell or obtain sth , often illegally
a way of twisting hair into a small round shape at the back of the head
out of the corner of your eye , especially in a way that is secret or disapproving
done by one member of a group or an organization without the agreement of the other members
attracting attention by being large or expensive , or by having expensive clothes , etc .
a piece of information , or a story , that people talk about , but that may not be true
a person of a particular type
if an engine , a lamp or a fire sputters , it makes a series of short explosive sounds
that you can get back after it has been spent or lost
a person 's hand
a board or sign giving information , an instruction or a warning
producing many useful results
near sb / sth ; at the side of sb / sth ; beside sb / sth
to slope downwards
to become stronger because of sth else
food put on a hook to catch fish or in nets , traps , etc. to catch animals or birds
automatically ; without anyone doing anything
the state of being rich in sth , such as colour , minerals or interesting qualities
physical beauty that also suggests wealth or success
to cut skin or flesh with sth sharp
a thing that you say or do to show your admiration or respect for sb / sth or to welcome sb
if your mind , thoughts , etc. whirl , you feel confused and excited and cannot think clearly
space for people to stand in , especially in a theatre , sports ground , etc .
to move , or make sth move , quickly and suddenly or violently in a particular direction
small in amount ; little
an arrangement to employ sb ; the process of employing sb
a mark used to represent sth , especially in mathematics
a piece of music , dance or entertainment performed by only one person
a particular machine , for example in the home , when you do not refer to it by its full name
to play music on a pipe or the bagpipes , especially to welcome sb who has arrived
to move soldiers or weapons into a position where they are ready for military action
an uncontrolled way of behaving that shows that sb does not care what other people think
if sth is located in a particular place , it exists there or has been put there
the division of sth into different layers or groups
moving in a circle around a central fixed point
a piece of research that ex amines a subject or question in detail
a fixed period of time during which people work , an office is open , etc .
an official document written by a group of people who have examined a particular situation or problem
to start doing sth with a lot of energy
connected with a parliament ; having a parliament
to carry people between two places that are close , making regular journeys between the two places
having fine personal qualities that people admire , such as courage , honesty and care for others
to add to sth in a way that improves it or makes it more attractive
needing great effort ; causing trouble or worry
a person or group that offers to do sth or to provide sth for a particular amount of money , in competition with others
used when you want to congratulate sb
to send a letter , etc. to a particular place or to a particular person
to become or to make sth become paler or less bright
to develop an ability for sth
thinking and / or worrying continuously about sth so that you do not pay attention to other things
done , said , etc. in order to be helpful but often not succeeding
to use sth in a way that would not normally be considered fair , acceptable , etc .
a written statement of the principles and aims of an organization
to make a judgement about sth , especially people 's feelings or attitudes
to criticize sb / sth strongly
the mark or sign of a particular quality or person
a door in an aircraft or a spacecraft
to suggest or accept that sth is true so that it can be used as the basis for an argument or discussion
not done deliberately , but happening by accident
to become healthy , happy or confident
a mass of very small air bubbles on the surface of a liquid
the things that you do to keep your clothes and hair clean and neat , or to keep an animal 's fur or hair clean
to move very fast in a particular direction , especially in a way that you cannot control
a small individual fact or item ; a less important fa ct or item
a large flat board used for holding a piece of paper while a drawing or plan is being made
written in a Western musical tradition , usually using an established form ( for example a symphony ) and not played on electronic instruments . Classical music is generally considered to be serious and to have a lasting value .
without payment ; free
to recognize sb / sth from among other people or things
to eat sth very fast , in a way that people consider rude or greedy
the connection between two numbers that shows how much money sb will receive if they win a bet
shy , awkward or ashamed , especially in a social situation
interested in or active in politics
to gain control of a political party , a country , etc .
a member of a senate
( in writing ) kilowatt ( s )
a substance formed b y a chemical reaction of two or more elements in fixed amounts relative to each other
to bring a bat , etc. against a ball and push it away with force
a substance added to food or drink to give it a particular flavour
a university teacher of the highest rank
the highest part or point of sth
( used after degree titles ) of Oxford University
used to describe the policy of first restricting and then encouraging economic activity and growth
to turn over into a different position with a sudden quick movement ; to make sth do this
a system of philosophy based on things that can be seen or proved , rather than on ideas
a sign , or a reason for hope that sth may happen , especially sth good
connected with or used in court
the thing or things that you will mention next ; the person or people that you will mention next
the last part or the end of sth
at a short distance away
hard , especially because it requires a lot of physical strength
a sandwich
a shop / store or an organization that sells goods made by a particular compa ny or of a particular type
an animal or plant that has parents of different species or varieties
a short period of time when sb does too much of a particular activity , especially eating or drinking alcohol
the line across a sports track , etc. that marks the end of a race
an organized political community forming part of a country
the number of people in a group , a team or an organization
making you feel very sad and without enthusiasm
a person who owns , manages or works on a ranch
to exist or be successful because of the help or influence of sb / sth
to depend on sth in order to exist or be true
to stop sth from being done or used especially by law
the day of the week after Sunday and before Tuesday , the first day of the working week
something that is difficult to understand or to explain
to officially accept a plan , request , etc .
lack of delay ; speed
to force sb to leave a country , usually because they have broken the law or because they have no legal right to be there
an area of land used for the purpose mentioned
to fail to hit , catch , reach , etc. sth
to arrive just before another one leaves so that passengers can change from one to the other
willing to try new ideas , methods , etc. and therefore likely to succeed
to give particular information , or a time or measurement
an uncomfortable feeling on your skin that makes you want to scratch yourself
the part that is not included in the main part of a group or situation
seeming suitable for a purpose
people who are disabled
the desire or determination to be successful , rich , powerful , etc .
a thing that you formally ask for
to take the bones out of fish or meat
from Latin , or relating to Latin
no longer doing sth or dealing with sb / sth
a series of letters or numbers that you must type into a computer or computer system in order to be able to use it
to suddenly happen or become available
to prepa re sth in detail
the switches and buttons , etc. that you use to operate a machine or a vehicle
a person who is head of an important international project
Queen ; King ( from Latin ‘ Regina ’ ; ‘ Rex ’ )
the teaching of the basic parts of a subject
to complete a journey / trip
a member or supporter of the British Conservative party
to add a note or comment to a piece of writing to explain a difficult word or idea
a separate group within a larger group of people
all at the same time
extremely beautiful
used before a verb instead of to , to show purpose
to perform a movement by moving your body in a circle
an act of holding sb / sth tightly ; a particular way of doing this
a situation that is disappointing because it happens at the end of sth that was much more exciting , or because it is not as exciting as you expected
not very large , expensive , important , etc .
using only 0 and 1 as a system of numbers
a band of coloured lights in order of their wavelengths , as seen in a rainbow and into which light may be separated
a report of what the weather will be like , that is on the radio or television , or in the newspapers
to fail to get , hear or understand sth
in a way that is comfortable and enjoyable
to beat very quickly and not regularly
very unpleasant ; making you feel very unhappy , upset or frightened
having a lot of force , often causing offence to people
having moods that change quickly and often
where you only stay for a short time
the art of managing or guiding sb / sth
an activity or a practice which is not according to the usual rules , or not normal
the place where two or more roads or railway / railroad lines meet
to put an artificial covering on a tooth to make it look more attractive
when a kettle , pan , etc. boils or when you boil a kettle , etc , it is heated until the water inside it boils
next to or very close to a particular place or time
having the most modern and recently developed ideas , methods , etc .
to go , rise , improve , etc. faster than sb / sth
to have the skill , intelligence , opportunity , etc. needed to do sth
things of the type mentioned
to move around in a circle
trousers / pants made of strong cotton , especially denim
to continue to pay or do sth regularly
a group of people doing such a job ; the place where they work
to be greater in number than sb / sth
a cell that combines with a sperm to create a baby or young animal
to go back along exactly the same path or route that you have come along
a method of buying sth by giving a used item as part of the payment for a new one ; the used item itself
formal discussions between governments or organizations
to open sth that is fastened , tied or wrapped
to make sb feel a particular emotion or react in a particular way
to fill a container that already has some liquid in it with more liquid
to choose to do sth
elegant and expensive
not stopping or getting less strong
agreed or approved of by most people in a society
to try very hard to achieve sth difficult or to deal with sth unpleasant or dangerous
not wanting to do or be sth , but forced to by other people
an attack on a building , etc. in order to commit a crime
a person who behaves in a strange or crazy way
to collect information from different sources
to learn sth well enough to remember it exactly
high enough to reach the waist
a pile of burning fuel , such as wood or coal , used for cooking food or heating a room
to climb or move with difficulty or a lot of effort , using your hands and feet
to be joined to sth else by a joint , so that movement is possible ; to join sth in this way
having or bringing more bad luck than is normal
willingly ; happily
all the works of a writer , artist , etc .
an area of land , shaped like a triangle , where a river has split into several smaller rivers before entering the sea
not confident
the part of a country 's armed forces that fights at sea , and the ships that it uses
to put each of two things or people in the other 's place ; to move or be moved from one place to another in this way
very large ; having a lot of cloth
to look closely or carefully at sth , especially when you cannot see it clearly
to create a plan or an idea , especially in secret
a male servant
a layer of paint or some other substance that covers a surface
full of smoke
having fresh energy , courage or health
to not tell sb sth they want or need to know
a mass of small smooth stones on a beach or at the side of a river
to fly somewhere
a person who writes plays for the theatre , television or radio
a single ticket , etc. can be used for travelling to a place but not back again
mysterious ; hidden and not known about
to describe sth in words , or give an impression of sth in words or with a picture
the members of your family , especially your parents
the area that sth exists in or happens in
to take off your clothes ; to remove sb else 's clothes
used especially at the end of a sentence to add a fact or an opinion that makes the previous statement less strong or less important
connected with the science of biology
the position of being in charge of a department in a university
great respect and admiration ; a good opinion of sb
with no water
to send a text message to sb
used with singular nouns to refer to a person , place , thing or time that is not known or not identified
to set sth at a particular level
the act of killing sb by squeezing their throat tightly ; the state of being killed in this way
using very few words and sounding rude
the reason why people take a particular action
to become firm or hard
a device for measuring the thing mentioned
to stop sth unpleasant or harmful from happening or from getting worse
to slowly become known
an amount of a medicine or a drug that is taken once , or regularly over a period of time
the path or direction that sb / sth is moving in
the fact of sb doing another person 's job when they are away or when there are not enough staff
a formal meeting to discuss sth
the action of touching , feeling or holding sth with your hands
the position of being a champion
used in questions to ask sb to be exact about one or more people or things from a limited number
the joke
the process of capturing , storing and showing an image on a computer screen
delicate and sensitive
only ; not involving sb / sth else
the particular area of responsibility of a government minister
to express your ideas in carefully chosen words
a unit for measuring angles . There are 60 seconds in one minute .
to come or go after or behind sb / sth
the process of growing physically , mentally or emotionally
a small area of water used especially in the past to make the wheel of a mill turn
not having everything that it should have ; not finished or complete
an area of water that has been created for people to swim in
to organize sth successfully
a large group of people , especially an organized group with a particular purpose
a sudden good idea
to use or let sb use sth , especially property or equipment , in exchange for rent or a regular payment
a person who hits the ball in the way mentioned
to control or influence a situation in a skilful but sometimes dishonest way
to send a message to sb by SMS
the ability to show good judgement about the quality of sb / sth
not moving ; calm and quiet
going from place to place , for example in order to work
the killing or wounding of people , usually during fighting or a war
outdoors ; the countryside
to keep sth , not sell it or give it away
a compound of oxygen and another chemical element
a small piece of code ( = instructions that a computer can understand ) which can be added to a computer program to improve it or to correct a fault
that does not exist as a physical thing but is still valuable to a company
to become or make sth become thicker and / or rougher
something that many people believe but that does not exist or is false
the state of being similar to sth
to make sb suffer because they have broken the law or done sth wrong
a pipe or chamber with several openings for taking gases in and out of a car engine
to bring sb to a police station in order to ask them questions or arrest them
a man who is in a position of authority , for example your employer
the period of sb 's life when they are a child
connected with a particular subject and therefore difficult to understand if you do not know about that subject
not definite or certain because you may want to change it later
infected with harmful bacteria
rock , earth , etc. from which metal can be obtained
doing the thing mentioned quickly
the activity of looking at the goods in shop / store windows , usually without intending to buy anything
an extremely strong wind
to say sth in an angry and aggressive way
to gradually become weaker or come to an end
the action of hitting the ball , etc. back to your opponent
to visit a place as a tourist
having a shape that is not normal because it has grown wrongly
to do sth harmful to sb because they have harmed you first
the number 0 , especially as the score in some games
injured by a weapon , for example in a war
an amount of money
a good or useful quality or aspect
to type words into the search engine Google ® in order to find information about sb / sth
showing that you feel better , or more intelligent than sb else
a large round container without a lid , used for washing clothes in , growing plants in , etc .
the disadvantage that is caused when sb leaves or when a useful or valuable object is taken away ; a person who causes a disadvantage by leaving
to entertain sb in your home
to support sth by putting it on or against sth ; to be supported in this way
a person 's wealth including their property
to give yourself / sb food , drinks , etc .
having a pleasantly strong taste or sound
things that are or that seem to be absurd
to put sth on or above sth else
the abbreviation for ‘ Ministry of Transport ’ ( a test that any vehicle in Britain over three years old must take in order to make sure that it is safe and in good condition )
to take part in a television or radio show , a concert , a game , etc. as a visiting or temporary performer or player
great in number , amount or degree
used to say that sth is not possible
the upper part of the sky
used with a unit of weight to say that sth weighs less than it should do
easy to know or identify
a person chosen to take the place of sb else
to become more confident in a new job , etc. and learn to do it better
showing information by using figures , rather than with hands that point to numbers
dressed in a particular way , especially in beautiful clothes
a small amount of sth good or of sth that you are hoping for
immediately ; at once
to be lying somewhere not being used
something that connects two facts , ideas , etc .
to make a very small hole in sth with a sharp point
cloth used for making clothes , curtains , etc .
the use of symbols to represent ideas , especially in art and literature
a substance that looks or tastes like salt
not covered to prevent it from causing damage or injury
behaviour that causes pain or suffering to others , especially deliberately
violent behaviour that is intended to hurt or kill sb
making you feel excited so that you cannot think clearly
a thing that has been built or made
fighting between two armies , etc .
an arrangement to meet sb at a particular time
to use a toilet
using the hand or number of hands mentioned
a structure with a steep slope that children use for sliding down
shocking and violent in a way that is deliberate
light or a place that light comes from
when you first begin to consider sth
to start laughing a lot
the time in Britain after 1660 when , following a period with no king or queen , Charles II became king
to learn sth carefully so that you can remember it exactly
to make sb calm , less excited or less enthusiastic
to be successful in your career , etc .
a difficult or unpleasant situation , especially one where it is difficult to know what to do
to make a hole in sth by force
to get sth from sb by asking them for it rather than by paying for it
to take part in a war or battle against an enemy
liquid from the throat or lungs , especially when it is coughed up because of disease
a hope or wish that you cannot make happen because it is not realistic
in a way that shows that you feel strongly about sth
the activity of getting information about an area for military purposes , using soldiers , planes , etc .
one complete movement in a circle around a fixed point
an offer by a person or a company to pay a particular amount of money for sth
considered to be bad , immoral or not pure in a religious way , and therefore not to be touched , eaten , etc .
used to show that sth happens very suddenly
not studying or looking at sth thoroughly ; seeing only what is obvious
the process of caring for your child or children
a member of a religious group of men who often live apart from other people in a monastery and who do not marry or have personal possessions
a place that many people like to visit , especially for a particular reason
private and secret ; not expressed or shown to other people
connected with the conditions that affect the behaviour and development of sb / sth
in the middle of the Atlantic ocean
strong and efficient because the number of employees has been reduced
to use sth again
a sheet of metal , plastic , etc. that has been treated so that words or pictures can be printed from it
a friendly form of address that is used by one boy or man to another
tending to increase or stay at a high level , usually showing financial success
a final warning to a person or country that if they do not do what you ask , you will use force or take action against them
used to tell sb to wait or stop
a word or phrase that you type on a computer keyboard to give an instruction or to search for information about sth
a serious promise
any of the buttons that you press to operate a computer or typewriter
that plants grow well in
a game of American football played after the main season between the best teams
the same ; in a similar way
to look at sth quickly and secretly because you should not be looking at it
a method of doing or making sth , especially one that is used in industry
an occasion when sth bursts ; the hole left where sth has burst
in agreement and working together
something that makes you feel better , happier , healthier , etc , especially medicine or an alcoholic drink
a long list of people or things
having two possible meanings or results , one good and one bad
used in orders to tell sb to hurry , or to try harder
to give polarity to sth
a person who tries to make sth popular again
a deep hole in the ground from which minerals are dug out
the act of printing a number of copies of a book at one time
that cannot be cured
not having insurance ; not covered by insurance
a priest of the highest rank in the Roman Catholic Church . Cardinals elect and advise the Pope .
goodbye
to hang or tie sth in place , especially as decoration
the act of cleaning a toilet with a sudden flow of water
to happen or to come , especially when you have been waiting for it
to ask a question
a situation in a country , an organization , etc. in which there is no government , order or control
generally accepted or approved of ; following generally accepted beliefs
the group of people who are elected to make and change the laws of a country
to work or function well or badly
to make sb begin doing sth
a group of people at a meeting or an event who have sth in common , especially the place they come from , that is not shared by other people at the event
used by young people to show that they approve of sb / sth
a piece of equipment used for spraying liquid , especially paint or a substance used to kill insects that damage crops
an activity that sb does very well and gives them the opportunity to show imagination
having the number of tiers mentioned
having much greater power , knowledge , etc. than is normal
the size or extent of sth , especially when compared with sth else
a pleasant , noticeable smell
land ; the hard surface of the world that is not the sea or the sky ; the ground
to show clearly the way that an argument , a speech , etc. will develop
a person who joins an organization , a company , etc .
a suitable time for sth
to decide sth in advance
a series of events or actions that are connected
the act of lending sth ; the state of being lent
a place or building where a service is organized and provided or a special type of work is done
a painting , usually a large one , done on a wall , sometimes on an outside wall of a building
to make sth seem more important , better , worse , etc. than it really is
to stop sth from having any effect
to start to use sth again
towards the outside ; away from the centre or from a particular point
to flow in a particular direction as if it is being forced by a pump
an area , especially in a city , which is dangerous for people to enter , or that the police or army do not enter , often because it is controlled by a violent group
having a lot of experience of life and therefore not easily shocked
not receiving payment for work that they do
a person who lives in the continent of Europe
to put sth on a surface in a quick , careless and often noisy way , especially because you are angry
according to what you have heard or read ; according to the way sth appears
a penis
a quantity that does not have a known value
to make sth / sb clean using water and usually soap
connected with real situations rather than with ideas or theories
a person who is staying in a hotel
careful , often in a way that suggests good manners
an act of taking sth away from a place ; an act of bringing things together into one place
a special chair with wheels , used by people who cannot walk because of illness , an accident , etc .
a long thin structure that supports sth , especially an organ in some animals , and joins it on to another part
a friendly way of addressing more than one person
the mass of ordinary people
an occasion when a group of people vote on sth
involving large numbers of people who work together to do sth in a way that has been carefully planned
a period of sth good or bad happening ; a series of successes or failures
full of bright light or colours
the activities and organizations whose aim is to prevent terrorist attacks in the US
expressing your opinions or feelings in a loud and confident way
the members of a left-wing political party who have the most extreme opinions
light emitting diode ( a device that produces a light on electrical and electronic equipment )
a quiet period between times of activity
in a direct way that is easy to understand
that can be dated to a particular time
containing people of different types or from different countries , and influenced by their culture
a bowl held out by sb asking for food or money
men and women who work in a particular type of job or are involved in a particular area of activity
well known and respected in a job , etc. that they have been doing for a long time
a person who has red hair
money that you spend while you are working and which your employer will pay back to you later
a worker who gives help or support to the main group of workers
an illness affecting humans , animals or plants , often caused by infection
a game in which each player has a card with numbers on . Numbers are called out in no particular order and the first player whose numbers are all called out , or who has a line of numbers called out , wins a prize .
used instead of him or her to refer to a person whose sex is not mentioned or not known
to give a particular quality to sth
that you do not want other people to know about
not tightly packed together ; not solid or hard
connected with the people who live in a town or city
travelling from a place rather than arriving in it
to stop yourself from having sth you like or doing sth you very much want to do
a person who answers questions , especially in a survey
the amount of profit that you get from sth
to not recognize how good , valuable or important sb / sth really is
to change sth that is old or damaged and replace it with sth new of the same kind
a shy or nervous feeling that stops you from expressing your real thoughts or feelings
to own and use a vehicle or machine
a friendly remark made in order to be polite
to burn the surface of sth in a way that is sudden and powerful
built in the style that was popular in western Europe from the 12th to the 16th centuries , and which has pointed arches and windows and tall thin pillars
the white part of the eye
a small bag made of very thin rubber that becomes larger and rounder when you fill it with air or gas . Balloons are brightly coloured and used as decorations or toys .
having the most recent and accurate information or knowledge
to respect and admire sb / sth very much
full of light ; shining strongly
calculated before the final results of sth are known
the typical or most important quality or mood of sth
to put an end , often by force , to a group or an activity that is believed to threaten authority
a building for people to live in , usually for one family
to spread beyond the limits of a place or container that is too full
a person who supports or approves of sb / sth , especially a political cause or party
the organization or structure of sth ; the system for doing sth
used to tell sb to stop talking about sth because they are annoying you
a series of musical notes that are sung or played in a particular order to form a piece of music
not having the necessary qualifications to have or to do sth
containing a word such as ‘ no ’ , ‘ not ’ , ‘ never ’ , etc .
patient willingness to accept a difficult or unpleasant situation that you cannot change
if two people disagree or one person disagrees with another about sth , they have a different opinion about it
no more than ; no longer than
for which you can be indicted
an official agreement that ends an argument between two people or groups
including or dealing with a large number of different subjects or areas
the feeling that sb / sth is not good enough to deserve your respect or attention
an illegal act that causes harm to people in general
the conditions that affect the behaviour and development of sb / sth ; the physical conditions that sb / sth exists in
the act of changing the position or order of sth to its opposite , or of turning sth upside down
without anything stopping or preventing the progress of sb / sth
a task or journey that is very difficult and takes a long time to complete
to cover a large area
a piece of stiff paper that is folded in the middle and has a picture on the front of it , used for sending sb a message with your good wishes , an invitation , etc .
to fasten a tag onto sth / sb
a piece of special flat glass that reflects images , so that you can see yourself when you look in it
to get or collect sth in large quantities
a device for examining sth or recording sth using light , sound or X-rays
an act of showing a film / movie
a place where you can get information or be served at an airport , a hotel , etc .
consisting of relatively large pieces
material from which a wall is built
to mix cards up in a pack / deck of playing cards before playing a game
the act of playing a piece of music
connected with people between 13 and 19 years old
including
typical or expected of a wife
full of things or people
a tendency to behave in a particular way
a flow ; an act of flowing
cheerful and without problems
to annoy sb or cause them trouble , especially by asking them to do sth many times
a person or thing that provides money to help pay for sth , or support sth
liking to talk a lot
an event that people are talking about or describing in a particular way
a series of people , things or events that follow one another in time
to cover sth so that it cannot be seen
an area where wild birds or animals are protected and encouraged to breed
to become sad or depressed
a large number of things that happen one after the other
the act or the process of finding the size , quantity or degree of sth
not impressing or exciting you at all
consisting of one piece , not separate parts
to fit sheets of glass into sth
a planned public or social occasion
a short experience of sth that helps you to understand it
to show that you have no respect for a law , etc. by openly not obeying it
used to mean ‘ please ’ when you are asking a question or telling sb to do sth
taking up all of your time or energy
depending on sth
existing for ever ; impossible to give an age to
to become calmer , less excited or less enthu siastic
to be still in good condition after a long journey
a small group of musicians who play popular music together , often with a singer or singers
the general position a person or thing moves or points towards
used to politely tell sb that you are going to leave or talk to sb else
having many sexual partners
the amount of sth that exists in a particular situation at a pa rticular time
enjoying spending time with other people
a sticky label with a picture or message on it , that you stick onto sth
to a different place or in a different direction
a person who believes in pacifism and who refuses to fight in a war
grown in a person 's garden
a longer route that you take in order to avoid a problem or to visit a place
a particular quality or feature that sb / sth has
to wound sb by making a small hole or mark in their skin
a kind or class , especially of people
to hit your open hands together several times to show that you approve of or have enjoyed sth
existing only in your imagination
a way out of an airport through which passengers go to get on their plane
if sth costs a particular amount of money , you need to pay that amount in order to buy , make or do it
to buy things in shops / stores
an estimate about the size , cost , etc. of sth that is too low
a thing that you say ; a remark or statement
used to say that a particular situation or fact makes you sad or disappointed , or gets you into a difficult position
if a machine , a vehicle , a place or an activity is unmanned , it does not have or need a person to control or operate it
to print and publish an item or a st ory
to say that a trial or legal case should not continue , usually because there is not enough evidence
very unlikely to be successful ; not working when it is delivered
free from smoke
to be removed from a place where it is fixed
a period of time during which a student or new graduate gets practical experience in a job , for example during the summer holiday / vacation
a report sent to a newspaper by a journalist who is working in a foreign country
a short and not very violent fight or struggle
used after a noun or pronoun to show that the person or thing mentioned is the only one
to force sb to leave a place , for example by chasing them
to stop and hold a moving object , especially in your hands
ill / sick or upset
to rise quickly and smoothly up into the air
very old-fashioned
a long , smooth movement on ice or a smooth surface
the fact of not being able to do sth
to stay firm and determined in a difficult situation
a piece of women 's underwear that covers the body from the waist to the tops of the legs
a valley , especially in northern England
the most important or best
connected with the stars
to order that planes , etc. should take off immediately in an emergency ; to take off immediately in an emergency
done carefully and with a lot of attention to detail
facts or details about sb / sth
unable to think clearly , especially because of a shock or because you have been hit on the head
to examine sth to see if it is correct , safe or acceptable
not certain because people can have different ideas and opinions about the thing being discussed
to go in front of sb
( in England , Wales and Northern Ireland ) the head of a town , borough or county council , chosen by other members of the council to represent them at official ceremonies , etc .
a decision that is made by a jury in court , stating if sb is considered guilty of a crime or not
a belief or feeling that sth is true or that sth will happen , although there is no proof
easy to see
goods that are illegally taken into or out of a country
to make sb stop expressing opinions that are opposed to yours
used to say that you expect sth is true or will happen
a statement or an opinion that is discussed in a logical way and presented with evidence in order to prove that it is true
done because it is part of the usual way of doing sth , although it has no real meaning
the top part of the front of your body , below your neck
to work together with sb else in order to achieve sth
an act of usin g violence to try to hurt or kill sb
a way of forgetting sth unpleasant or difficult for a short time
used to ex press surprise , anger , etc .
a large number of people
a large area of land covered with the thing mentioned ; an area from which the thing mentioned is obtained
to experience or be given a particular type of treatment or an injury
the way that you are feeling at a particular time
to decide on a date , a time , an amount , etc. for sth
a theory that states that it is impossible for a text to have one fixed meaning , and emphasizes the role of the reader in the production of meaning
to find or discover sb doing sth , especially sth wrong
clever at understanding and making judgements about a situation
coming or happening late
if you are on the brink of sth , you are almost in a very new , dangerous or exciting situation
( in cooking ) cup
to refuse to keep an agreement or promise
the state of being forced to stay in a closed space , prison , etc , the act of putting sb there
not making enough financial profit
not or no longer burning or lit
to go around a corner of a building , a bend in the road , etc .
to pay a large sum of money for sth
a vegetable with green leaves around a large hard white head of flowers
to move your fingers on a sensitive part of sb 's body in a way that makes them laugh
a place outside a film studio where scenes of a film / movie are made
the area around a place or a building , sometimes surrounded by a wall
taken from the price
a piece of jewellery that fastens to your clothes
not good or important
connected with Whitsun
without a shade or other covering
big , tall and strong
to go to a website on the Internet
put and / or sold in a box
a number or letter that shows which groups of people a particular film / movie is suitable for
a hernia of the abdomen
to get up from a lying , sitting or kneeling position
having nowhere that you really think of as home , or as the place where you belong
to make a problem less serious
to give sb a short account of sth that is going to happen , be studied , etc .
very thin and delicate
the hard dry fruit of a pine or fir tree
to encourage sb to do sth , especially sth that they should not do
cheerful and happy
directly or exactly ; without confusion
a machine or tool for grinding a solid substance into a powder
on a ship , aircraft or vehicle
to prevent sth from functioning normally
either of the two halves of a surface , an object or an area that is divided by an imaginary central line
not of high quality ; too easy
to do everything possible to achieve sth or to do sth well without trying to limit the time or money involved
any substance that makes sth dirty , for example dust , soil or mud
a type of bacteria that makes people sick if they eat infected food ; an illness caused by this bacteria
all the people who live in a particular area , country , etc. when talked about as a group
to make a noise and throw out fat , sparks , etc .
to suddenly let out large amounts of a liquid
a person or team that is winning in a sports competition
a group of officials who control the use of a port , a river , an area of land , etc .
of poor quality ; cheap and / or old-fashioned
the fact of two or more words often being used together , in a way that happens more frequently than would happen by chance
information or comments in a film / movie , television programme , etc. that are given by a person who is not seen on the screen
taking one day
to understand or become aware of a particular fact or situation
to express your approval or admiration for sb / sth
a number of shares that sb has in a company
too bad to accept or forgive
to hit sb in the face with a glass
able to turn in a circle
to cause a lot of problems for sb / sth over a long period of time
a word or sound that is produced by the voice
a substance used to make food or drink taste sweeter , used instead of sugar
basic or plain without anything extra or unnecessary
a meeting at which sth , especially a new product or idea , or piece of work , is shown to a group of people
giving you claustrophobia ; suffering from claustrophobia
stated in an open way so that people know about it
very fashionable
to combine or make one thing combine with another
a person whose job is to decide how things such as clothes , furniture , tools , etc. will look or work by making drawings , plans or patterns
to persuade sb to give you sth , or to let you do sth , by talking to them in a clever or amusing way
not real or true ; existing only in stories ; connected with fiction
to become or make sth lower in price or value
a slight push , usually with the elbow
containing both letters and numbers
used to emphasize how much you want , need , etc. sb / sth
meat , especially beef , that has been finely chopped in a special machine
seeming too full of emotion in a way that is not sincere
lack of ability or skill
to become or to make sth become too hot
to be unable to continue
criminal activities that involve sex or drugs
existing or done for a good reason , and therefore acceptable
pleasant
with more money taken out than was paid in or left in
a soft wet substance that is made especially by crushing sth
showing respect for the person you are speaking to
to make sth less physically strong ; to become less physically strong
to remove sth completely
a thing or person that makes you feel better when you are unhappy or disappointed
to cut or shape wood or stone with a chisel
an answer that shows that you agree with an idea , a statement , etc ; a person who says ‘ yes ’
of or belonging to people in general
a scientist who studies and is trained in psychology
accepted by most people as being correct
a piece of music that is written for the prayers , etc. of this ceremony
rubber shoes ( no longer very common ) that are worn over normal shoes in wet weather
a place , a situation or an event that is a problem or that causes a lot of problems
a method or an idea that seems likely to have a particular result
a piece of news that is spread by being talked ab out but may not be true
the act of interfering
the ability to see and understand the truth about people or situations
north-west ; north-western
on the outside of sth
one of the two times in the year ( around 20 March and 22 September ) when the sun is above the equator and day and night are of equal length
the ability to make sb / sth do what you want
a funny play for the theatre based on ridiculous and unlikely situations and events ; this type of writing or performance
to press on sth hard with your hand , foot , etc. to make sth work or have an effect on sth
not having sexual qualities ; not interested in sex
the act of giving a lot of time and attention to sth you care about
the fourth highest mark / grade that a student can get for a piece of work , showing that it is not very good
a way of behaving that shows that sb thinks that they are more important , etc. than they really are
that can be believed
turned upside down
the circumstances of your life , work , etc .
without spots or marks
to happen or appear with sth else
a place where people go to learn a particular subject or skill
histrionic behaviour is very emotional and is intended to attract attention in a way that does not seem sincere
a person who is not a member of the armed forces or the police
a spirit that some people believe protects and guides them , especially when they are in danger
the state of not having enough food , money or support
a group of people with similar interests , often within a larger organization or political party
used to describe a situation in which people or organizations compete against each other
the sport or activity of travelling in a boat with sails
to make sb / sth become quiet and more relaxed , especially after strong emotion or excitement
a person who does not have much knowledge
to be very full of sth ; to be very full and almost breaking open
a small plastic object with two or three metal pins , that connects a piece of electrical equipment to the main supply of electricity
an officer of high rank in the British air force
causing or intending to cause sb to feel offended
behaviour or conditions that are unpleasant and not socially acceptable , especially because sex is involved
artificial ; made by combining chemical substances rather than being produced naturally by plants or animals
the quality of being arranged in a neat , careful and logical way
the best people or things in a particular group
used to give a negative reply or statement
an instrument for measuring the amount or level of sth
to continue to live or exist
in every way ; in all respects
to demand sth loudly
the rate at which sth happens or is repeated
a line on a map that joins points that are the same height above sea level
to stop getting worse
a person with strange or crazy ideas
the right of a vehicle to go before other traffic at a particular place on a road
a difficult situation in which no progress can be made because the people involved cannot agree what to do
a written or printed symbol that is used as a sign of sth , for example the quality of sth or who made or owns it
an image created using this technology
a part of a flat surface that is not even , but raised above the rest of it
very willing to do sth
to end a romantic relationship with sb ; to be told that a romantic relationship with sb is over
a type of solid mineral substance that is usually hard and shiny and that heat and electricity can travel through , for example tin , iron and gold
relating to or used in a ceremony
having great love for sb / sth and being loyal to them
used to send good wishes to sb at the end of a letter , or when asking sb to give your good wishes to another person who is not present
a quality that an idea or a story has that makes you believe it is true
feeling or showing that you are sorry for doing sth wrong or for causing a problem
a musical instrument that usually has six strings , that you play with your fingers or with a plectrum
a type of thick , soft thread ; cloth made from this
happening or done once every year
something that happens unexpectedly and is not planned in advance
to make sb unable to think clearly or understand sth
a country that is ruled by a prince
a display of fireworks
the act of forming a federation
a movement of your arm and hand from side to side
the amount that a unit of money can buy
the fact of not being able to react to a particular thing
the process of coming to live permanently in a country that is not your own ; the number of people who do this
the act of secretly listening to other people 's telephone conversations by attaching a device to the telephone line
on a large scale
to do sth that sb in a higher position than you would usually do
( especially in Britain ) one of the three periods in the year during which classes are held in schools , universities , etc .
a thing that is very easy to do or cheap to buy
to put clothes on or to take them off quickly and easily
to talk to sb about sth ; to have a conversation with sb
the part of an object or a place that is the furthest away from its centre
the place deep inside a mine where the coal is cut out of the rock
operated by liquid moving under pr essure
to get rid of sth / sb that you no longer need or want
to gradually get more of sth
to take another person 's child into your home for a period of time , without becoming his or her legal parents
the breaking of a substance into the parts of which it is made
to make an opening or a wound in sth , especially with a sharp tool such as a knife or scissors
a person who is well known because they have been in a particular place or job for a long time
solid waste matter from the bowels
a long journey , especially by sea or in space
a moderate ( = middle ) political position or party , between the extremes of left-wing and right-wing parties
if hard objects clatter , they knock together and make a loud noise
a slight sign or feeling of sth
a thing or person that is the centre of interest or activity
to be changed from one language to another
a thick cloud of very small drops of water in the air close to the land or sea , that is very difficult to see through
to admit that sth is true , logical , etc .
( used in written addresses ) Square
an individual unit that adds to a score in a game or sports competition
to defend yourself against sb who is attacking you by pushing their arm , weapon , etc. to one side
a statement about what you believe , feel or think about sth , that is sometimes made publicly
to stop working or to make sth stop working because a fuse melts
using light for reading or storing information
to sleep longer than you intended
the act or process of limiting or controlling sb / sth
to cut off sb 's hair
to give sth away , especially un willingly ; to allow sb to have sth
to take notice of what sb says to you so that you follow their advice or belie ve them
cut-off trousers / pants
causing or showing sadness
the study of how to manage a business
to legally give sth to sb
to put a saddle on a horse
to bring back to your mind a fact , piece of information , etc. that you knew
that can be folded flat or made into a smaller shape that uses less space
continuing without interruption
the side of the street or path near the kerb
to look or feel warm or pink , especially after exercise or because of excitement , embarrassment , etc .
spreading gradually or without being noticed , but causing serious harm
in a way that is very difficult to believe
a pair of glasses that fit closely to the face to protect the eyes from wind , dust , water , etc .
an act of chasing wild animals to kill or capture them
to send sb to a hospital for treatment
a club or party where people dance to recorded pop music
( in the House of Commons in Britain , and in certain other parliaments ) any of the seats for Members of Parliament who do not have senior positions in the government or the other parties
to suggest a way of explaining sth when you do not definitely know about it ; to form a hypothesis
of the present time
to delay sth until a later time
to officially charge sb with a crime
not yet paid
a large crowd of people , especially one that may become violent or cause trouble
a website that allows any user to change or add to the information it contains
suffering from a mental or physical disorder
preferring not to spend time with other people
feeling no pity for other people
to say , write or do sth as a reaction to a question or situation
using sth
used , especially at the beginning of a sentence , when you are accepting that sth is true
the public health service in Britain that provides medical care and is paid for by taxes
complete and not mixed with anything else
a young child who is poor and dirty , often one who has no home
where sb / sth is not likely to be in danger or to be lost
if you throw a ball overarm , you throw it with your arm swung backwards and then lifted high above your shoulder
a group of players , runners , etc. from which a team is chosen for a particular game or match
a person who draws
to punish sb by hitting them many times with a whip or stick
a person older than me , etc .
used to ask sb to listen to your opinion
the process of taking sb / sth from one place to another
to say h ello to sb in a friendly way when they arrive somewhere
more suitable or appropriate
a thing that is cheap and good value
able to be connected using a plug
the activity of making secret plans in order to achieve an aim , often by tricking people
a system that provides sth that the public needs , organized by the government or a private company
to try to do sth as well as sb else because you admire them
a passage in a building with rooms down either side
to succeed in doing sth or causing sth to happen
in the period of time between two times or two events
to bend your body forwards and downwards
to make and use a nest
a company that performs opera ; a building in which operas are performed
an area in a room that is formed by part of a wall being built farther back than the rest of the wall
a plan that lists all the work that you have to do and when you must do each thing
the fact that sb / sth is able to do sth
continuous giggling that you cannot control or stop
the right to vote , especially in political elections
to examine the blood , a part of the body , etc. to find out what is wrong with a person , or to check the condition of their health
the earliest stages of the development of sth
a large public building , such as a hotel or cinema / movie theater
a person who leads or takes part in a campaign , especially one for political or social change
used to refer to an animal or a thing that has already been mentioned or that is being talked about now
to continue trying to do or achieve sth despite difficulties
to watch other people doing sth and make comments or give advice about it , often in an annoying way
a person who represents an organization and tries to make its activities seem acceptable to the public , although in fact they may be illegal
metal in the form of thin thread ; a piece of this
part of a song that is sung after each verse
a tight hold on sb / sth
a short section at the beginning of a piece of music
to deal with a problem or difficult situation
to control every detail of a business , especially your employees ' work
having many industries and a complicated economic system
to achieve the required standard in an exam , a test , etc .
that should make you feel ashamed
a name , symbol or design that a company uses for its products and that cannot be used by anyone else
to find the origin or cause of sth
a country which has this system of government
to make a place untidy when looking for sth
a large number of things that happen or arrive at the same time
a person who praises important or powerful people too much and in a way that is not sincere , especially in order to get sth from them
the act of using sth in a dishonest way or for the wrong purpose
used to show what sb intends to do in the future
a dead animal that has been stuffed
the belief that knowledge of God and of real truth can be found through prayer and meditation rather than through reason and the senses
a company that provides regular flights to take passengers and goods to different places
the part of a piece of paper , etc. that is on the opposite side to the one that has information or the most important information on it
to organize people to become members of a trade / labor union ; to become a member of a trade / labor union
the act or process of getting ready for sth or making sth ready
to shoot a bullet from a gun
a country or an area that is part of the US , Australia or Canada but is not a state or province
a feeling of being sad and without hope
a person who admires sb / sth or enjoys watching or listening to sb / sth very much
to make sb / sth be in a particular state
used in the title of some newspapers
a shop / store that sells jewellery and watches
with no problem
a number of people who come one after the other
the process of preparing to take part in a sports competition by doing physical exercises
a warning about a danger that does not happen ; a belief that sth bad is going to happen , when it is not
radio waves that are used in broadcasting radio and television
the act of people paying money for sth to be done
having folds or lines because of age , worry , etc .
covered with or containing sand
in a normal way
used to suggest sth
a feeling that you are better than other people
to ask a large number of members of the public what they think about sth
a protein found in skin and bone , sometimes injected into the body , especially the face , to improve its appearance
a person who has escaped or is running away from somewhere and is trying to avoid being caught
a statement or description that makes sth seem larger , better , worse or more important than it really is ; the act of making a statement like this
to sit on sth , usually a chair , in a relaxed position
used when explaining which person or thing you mean
( in newspapers , on television , etc . ) a special article or programme about sb / sth
very exciting or impressive ( usually in a pleasant way ) ; very surprising
extremely ; in an essential way
to be present in every part of sth
doing everything that you are expected to do ; willing to obey and to show respect
an upward movement
to move through a place in a group , usually breaking things and causing damage
relating to drugs or substances that affect a person 's mental state
to become different
a part of a coat , etc. that you can pull up to cover the back and top of your head
an extremely excited and exa ggerated way of behaving or reacting to an event
to be equal to a particular amount as an average
an action that you do or need to do to achieve sth
a ticket that you can use many times within a particular period , for example on a regular train or bus journey , or for a series of games , and that costs less than paying separately each time
a short time ; not long
types of energy that can be replaced naturally such as energy produced from wind or water
feeling doubt about sth ; not sure
an unkind or insulting remark about sb
having a lot of experience of the world and knowing about fashion , culture and other things that people think are socially important
to hesitate about what to do because you are unable to decide
a condition that must be accepted before an agreement can be made
very angry or annoyed
the form of an adjective or adverb that expresses the highest degree of sth
to change your opinion about sth , especially when you then hold the opposite opinion
used to introduce the result of the action or situation mentioned
to find the meaning of sth secret
the science or practice of building and flying aircraft
an open space that is partly or completely surrounded by buildings and is usually part of a castle , a large house , etc .
connected with the part of a person 's body near their sexual organs
a soft sticky substance that becomes hard when it is dry and that is used for fixing glass into window frames
to admit you were wrong or to stop having a particular position in an argument
to not do sth that you have promised to do , for example to not pay money that you owe
to give up or stop doing sth
difficult or unpleasant
a small animal with a long tail , that looks like a large mouse , usually considered a pest ( = an animal which is disliked because it destroys food or spreads disease )
to go across ; to pass or stretch from one side to the other
that cannot be changed back to what it was before
praise and approval for sb / sth , especially an artistic achievement
to shout sth in a loud , high voice because of fear , anger , etc .
a layer of sth that covers sth else
moving from place to place , and having no permanent home
written material that is to be printed in a newspaper , magazine , etc ; news or information that can be used in a newspaper article or advertisement
a substance that is used to change the colour of things such as cloth or hair
true or certain ; that cannot be denied
to notice or recognize a particular smell
to be a possible danger to sth / sb
to form a judgement about a situation by considering the facts and using your power to think in a logical way
the instructions that a person is given explaining what their job is and what their duties are
money that you pay to use a particular road or bridge
into the correct position
to ask sb to come , especially to an emergency
to twist sth around in order to fasten it in place
soft fine wool from lambs , used for knitting clothes
to criticize or tease sb in an annoying way
very often ; repeatedly
to attack , discover , etc , sb suddenly and unexpectedly
also
a place where a dentist sees patients
that cannot live for ever and must die
making it very clear what you mean by speaking with force
the 19th letter of the English alphabet
willingly
a piece of carpet used as a floor covering , especially when shaped to fit a room
to spread things or people over an area ; to be spread over an area
a name that comes between your first name and your family name
to make sth a permanent part of a system , plan , etc .
not good , interesting or pleasant
if land rises , it slopes upwards
to touch or move the parts of sth in order to try to change it or repair it
not related or connected in any way
the soft substance between the skin and bones of animal or human bodies
a slightly uncomfortable feeling in a part of your body
a young person of about 11 or 12 years of age
a series of classes on a particular subject
having similar qualities to another person or thing
too bad , unpleasant , etc. to bear
the ordinary members of an organization
one of two or more things that are the same in every detail
to fill sth with air or gas so that it becomes firm
used to make sb pay attention to what you are going to say , often when you are annoyed
the building that contains a public swimming pool
dealing with ordinary life and ordinary people , especially when this involves describing the boring or difficult side of their lives
connected with the government and the services it provides
the name used by some people in Britain for the cooked meal eaten in the evening , especially when it is eaten early in the evening
to be in a particular place
romantic in a silly or embarrassing way
imagining or pretending things to be different or more exciting than they really are
likely to do sth ; ready for sth or to do sth
in the middle of the period that a government , a council , etc. is elected for
a position among the winners of a race or competition
no longer correct or working properly
according to the laws of nature
to publish or broadcast sth in parts as a serial
an organized group of Cubs / Cub Scouts or Brownies
within a short period of time
difficult to attack or criticize
a piece of cloth that is worn around the neck , for example for warmth or decoration . Women also wear scarves over their shoulders or hair .
to put pepper on food
( in sport ) a victory in every game in a series
very small in size or amount ; as small as possible
extremely strong
to make sb feel great pain or unhappiness , especially so that they make a sound or cry
not having any knowledge or experienc e of sth
used especially by and to young children , and often as a name , to mean ‘ father ’
the scientific study of the nature and development of society and social behaviour
the state of part of the body being blocked with blood or mucus
one of the regular times that a ship leaves a port
using a method in which a series of individual pictures of a process are shown together so that sth that really happens very slowly is shown as happening very quickly
to give attention , effort , etc. to one particular subject , situation or person rather than another
a time of little or no change after a period of growth or progress
the ability to be successful again after playing or performing badly for a time
to make a place more able to resist attack , especially by building high walls
to arrive late at a place , without seeming worried or sorry
not connected with a person 's job or official position
something which is left to remind people of a particular person , a period of time or an event
to officially delay sth ; to arrange for sth to happen later than planned
then ; following this
an obscene word or act
used to describe a place that is very busy or crowded
willing or too willing to ignore the weaknesses in sb / sth
used to mean ‘ fairly ’ or ‘ to some degree ’ , often when you are expressing slight criticism , disappointment or surprise
used to refer to the countryside and the way people live in the country as opposed to in cities
not complete ; good in some parts , but not in others
a member of one of the middle ranks in the army , the British air force and the US navy
to move around in circles ; to make sth , especially a part of your body , move around
to hit sb on the head , making them become unconscious or confused for a short time
to show or be a sign of the nature of sth or of sb 's attitude or feeling
that can be brought to the screen quickly while you are working on another document
an area in space that nothing , not even light , can escape from , because gravity ( = the force that pulls objects in space towards each other ) is so strong there
details and decoration that are used in speech or writing
to pass waste liquid from your body
used to introduce an idea that is different or opposite to the idea that you have stated previously
connected with the Democratic Party in the US
a road accident involving several vehicles crashing into each other
with no player from the other team staying close to prevent them from getting the ball
the thin material that you write and draw on and that is also used for wrapping and packing things
thin , light and almost transparent
a hard , usually transparent , substance used , for example , for making windows and bottles
a building where people go to drink and meet their friends . Pubs serve alcoholic and other drinks , and often also food .
to understand sb 's words or actions wrongly
involving the transport of goods or passengers over long distances
a set of steps built between two floors inside a building
the situation in which sth happens and that helps you to understand it
a member of a small group of soldiers who are not part of an official army and who fight against official soldiers , usually to try to change the government
behaving in a way that does not attract attention to herself or her body ; quiet and serious
that has been used so continuously for so long that it does not look new
used for stating what is generally true
a list of the things that sth is made from , giving the amount of each substance to use
dried straw , reeds , etc. used for making a roof ; a roof made of this material
to be suddenly unable to remember or think of sth
no longer continuing or working in the normal way
to stop working as a result of being damaged ; to damage sth and stop it from working
to be acceptable
wide loose trousers / pants that end just below the knees , where they fit closely , and that used to be worn , for example , by men playing golf
without any changes or differences in sound or colour
the part of the day from 12 midday until about 6 o 'clock
the process of wrapping goods
direct and honest in manner and speech
to come together , or bring people together , in one place to form a group
the sound / h / , as in house
two sets of instruments for controlling a vehicle or aircraft , so that a teacher , for example , can take control from the driver
a road vehicle without an engine that is pulled by a car , designed for people to live and sleep in , especially when they are on holiday / vacation
the activity or habit of smoking cigarettes , etc .
critical and unkind , but funny
a person who brings a message , a letter , etc .
to make a disease or an illness spread to a person , an animal or a plant
firmly established ; difficult to destroy
the place where sb / sth is
a daughter
very pretty
always telling the truth , and never stealing or cheating
a new production of a play that has not been performed for some time
great love , care and support for sb / sth
following or copying sb / sth exactly without having any original thought at all
to avoid doing sth difficult or unpleasant ; to make sb able to avoid doing sth difficult or unpleasant
the act of stopping a particular type of work , especially in sport , politics , etc .
to bring sb / sth into the state or condition mentioned
a payment that you make to increase the amount of money , etc. to the level that is needed
a sweet / candy flavoured with a type of mint called peppermint
that cannot be explained by the laws of science and that seems to involve gods or magic
to show clearly a line , shape or edge
the complete set of genes in a cell or living thing
to move somewhere quickly
buildings , services , equipment , etc. that are provided for a particular purpose
a blow that is made with your left hand
to be able to give the exact reason for sth or to describe sth exactly
a period of time when you get well again after an illness or a medical operation ; the process of getting well
the treatment of problems concerning the position of the teeth and jaws
the top part of a shoe that is attached to the sole
an appearance of a ghost or spirit
a line of poetry with ten syllables
near in family relationship
the tendency to resist great or sudden change
used to show that you are excited or extremely pleased about sth that you have done or sth that has happened
a piece of clothing that is worn over the foot , ankle and lower part of the leg , especially inside a shoe
a human or an animal body , or a part of it , when it is being thought of as the organs and processes that make it function
confusion and fear , usually caused by violent behaviour or by some sudden shocking event
to perform sth in public
to hit sb / sth hard with your fist ( = closed hand )
page
a unit for measuring distance equal to 1 609 metres or 1 760 yards
strongly or by a large number of people
to be expressed or appear somewhere for a short time
of or like a phallus
to move somewhere without much control , for example because the ground is steep or wet
to be able to understand and have sympathy with sb / sth
an official document that identifies you as a citizen of a particular country , and that you may have to show when you enter or leave a country
an act of lifting , pulling or throwing
a picture that has been painted
to fasten sth by turning it
owing money to other countries or organizations
a very small part of a conversation or some music that you hear
good at subjects involving a lot of reading and studying
a unit of language that can be used by itself
a long loose outer piece of clothing , especially one worn as a sign of rank or office at a special ceremony
action that is taken to hide a mistake or illegal activity from the public
a person who tells stories , etc .
a long thin creature with no bones or legs , that lives in soil
very pleased
a group of people , especially soldiers , who have been sent to a place to deal with a particular situation
a liquid made by cooking bones , meat , etc. in water , used for making soups and sauces
a healthy fresh appearance
a substance that is needed to keep a living thing alive and to help it to grow
important , enjoyable , interesting , etc ; worth spending time , money or effort on
to hit sb / sth with a stream of water , gas , etc .
the position of the gears of a vehicle in which no power is carried from the engine to the wheels
to correct sth that is wrong or not in its normal state
more than is usual , expected , or than exists already
a wooden post that sb could be tied to in former times before being burnt to death ( = killed by fire ) as a punishment
to win the support or sympathy of sb ; to persuade people to accept your argument
each of two
songs in general ; music for singing
the part of a bomb that causes it to explode
a person or thing that prevents sb from moving easily or from doing what they want
seeming to last for ever
a view of a wide area of land
connected with the heart , particularly the arteries that take blood to the heart
the lowest rank in the British air force
a substance that is used to give a particular colour to food
to walk slowly because you are tired or bored , especially behind sb else
a person who accepts responsibility if sb else does not pay a debt , appear in court , etc .
a sh ort film or recording of an event , made using digital technology and viewed on a computer , especially over the Internet
a person who knows several foreign languages well
connected with education , especially studying in schools and universities
to work in an institution , a company , etc ; to provide people to work there
to make sb ill / sick
behaving in a kind and pleasant way because you like sb or want to help them
to send out sth , especially a liquid , in a stream with great force ; to come out of sth in this way
suggesting that a secret is being shared
to do or produce sth again or more than once
to put sb suddenly into a particular state
the act of moving sb / sth from one place , grou p or job to another ; an occasion when this happens
angry and aggressive in a way that is frightening
having no holes or spaces inside ; not hollow
not in the company of sb
to lose a game , especially deliberately
presented to a god as a sign of thanks
a weakness ; a lack of sth
something very successful , especially a very successful book or film / movie
used to mark the end of a conversation
to make sth using crochet
consisting of different parts that are all co nnected to each other
men 's underpants or women 's knickers
the light that a candle produces
a person
to make a system , methods , etc. more modern and more suitable for use at the present time
with each note played separately in order to produce short , sharp sounds
very angry , often in a violent or uncontrolled way
a situation or place in which violence or anger starts and cannot be controlled
the amount of grain , fruit , etc. that is grown in one season
words spoken to sb that are rude and show a lack of respect for that person
a unit for measuring an area of land ; 4 840 square yards or about 4 050 square metres
a decision to stop sth that has already been arranged from happening ; a statement that sth will not happen
to fasten sth with a lock ; to be fastened with a lock
to press two surfaces against each other and move them backwards and forwards ; to be pressed together and move in this way
the movement of the waves of the sea
doing sth often or to a large degree
used to describe the purpose or an aspect of sth
a person or thing that you see only as a source of money and food
the appearance of hair being shiny and wet , obtained by using hair gel or by treating it with chemicals
belonging to a particular type of thing ; natural in a particular situation or place
to agree , often unwillingly , that sth is true
a substance that makes sth impure
not reported to the police or sb in authority or to the public
not hiding the truth about sth
to cover a surface with another material
to curve a lot rather than being in a straight line
for now , but not for a long time
the worst moment of a particular situation
annoyed or angry
to love or like sb very much
to take a long time to do sth or go somewhere
a place that is away from the places where most things happen , and is therefore not affected by events , progress , new ideas , etc .
the act of entering a room , building or place , especially in a way that attracts the attenti on of other people
a piece of jewellery consisting of a chain , string of beads , etc. worn around the neck
to park a car or other vehicle beside one that is already parked in a street
a bed
a type of glue that is used for sticking paper to things
unable to behave and think normally , especially because of mental illness
continuous rapid movements ( called vibrations ) that travel through air or water and can be heard when they reach a person 's or an animal 's ear
the use of physical force to control sb who is behaving in a violent way
a child 's toy in the shape of a person , especially a baby or a child
at a high price
very dark in colour
used in the negative for saying that you are sure sth is not true
used to give support to sb who has been upset and is trying to become calmer
the period of time when it is winter
to be s ent or passed somewhere
a character in a children 's story who changes from a wooden figure into a boy . Whenever he tells a lie , his nose grows longer .
a book in which you can write down the experiences you have each day , your private thoughts , etc .
to suggest or choose sb for a job , position , etc .
selling goods at a reduced price
to find out if sth is correct , or if sb is acceptable
fairly brown in colour
elected
an opening in the wall or roof of a building , car , etc , usually covered with glass , that allows light and air to come in and people to see out ; the glass in a window
a serious disagreement between people , organizations , etc. about sth
connected with the work of a journalist
relating to the part of the ocean which receives enough light for plants to grow
to end sth before it would normally finish
the right to choose or the possibility of choosing
the clever or humorous use of a word that has more than one meaning , or of words that have different meanings but sound the same
an act of moving your body quickly and suddenly because you are surprised , afraid , etc .
designed to keep you warm by preventing heat from escaping from the body
completely lacking sth ; having lost sth
a person who is advised and helped by a more experienced person over a period of time
in a confused state
professional advice about a problem
to provide money for a project
a smooth thick liquid that is made from plants or animals and is used in cooking
words which sound important but have little meaning , used to impress people
a difficult or unpleasant experience
a circular movement made by sth fixed to a central point , for example in a car engine
the way of writing the sound people say when they want to attract sb 's attention quietly
extra time that is given to sb to enable them to pay a bill , finish a piece of work , etc .
to agree to be legally responsible for sth or for doing sth , especially for paying back money that sb else owes if they cannot pay it back themselves
the work of making the inside of a house , etc. clean
the transparent layer which covers and protects the outer part of the eye
acts of fighting in a war
not brave enough ; wanting to be safe and comfortable
to go regularly to a place
the movement of ships or aircraft
the outside part of the roof of a building
a person who supports an organization , a charity , etc , especially by giving or raising money ; a person who supports a particular idea , etc .
that produces good results ; that encourages activity
using computers , telephones , etc. rather than paper to exchange information
a tool for washing floors that has a long handle with a bunch of thick strings or soft material at the end
fixed in one place ; not moving or changing
an occasion when people pack a meal and take it to eat outdoors , especially in the countryside
having experienced a complete spiritual change
to obtain sth , especially sth good , as a direct result of sth that you have done
to make yourself or part of your body firm , straight and still , especially because you are angry or frightened
to the place where sb / sth is
the killing of animals for their meat
to be a good / bad sign for sb / sth
no longer useful because of being old-fashioned
morally right ; behaving in a way that is morally right
to put people or things together , especially in order to show a contrast or a new relationship between them
if a liquid condenses or you condense it , it becomes thicker and stronger because it has lost some of its water
not changing and not interrupted
to make a rolled piece of clothing , etc. hang or lie flat
a wide smile
a large sea fish with white flesh that is used for food
to say sth officially so that it can be recorded
a service or services in a church
to be spent on sth or used to do sth
a building , road , etc. that is in a state of disrepair has not been taken care of and is broken or in bad condition
a very enjoyable experience that is a lot of fun
wh en a car horn toots or you toot it , it makes a short high sound
to find out about a person 's past life and career in order to decide if they are suitable for a particular job
that does not seem natural ; that cannot be explained by natural laws
connected with elections
a fact or a piece of evidence that helps you discover the answer to a problem
to make sb feel happy and satisfied with what they are doing or have done
willing to help sb
not ordinary or usual ; serious or severe
people who are suicidal feel that they want to kill themselves
not wanting or not willing to do sth
to make sb seem more attractive or better than they really are
to copy the way a person speaks or behaves , in order to amuse people
to produce smoke
the equipment , machinery and vehicles used to do sth
to break , or to make sth break , into small , thin sharp pieces
to become or be made weaker or less severe
connected with the period from 1837 to 1901 when Queen Victoria ruled Britain
typical of young people
not serious
in a way that relates to or is especially typical of one particular person , thing , place , etc .
a large notice , often with a picture on it , that is put in a public place to advertise sth
in a way that is very difficult to explain ; without any obvious reason
a strong alcoholic drink
to use sth , especially for a practical purpose
done or said very fast , one after the other
to look attractive on sb
a set of letters , numbers , etc. of a particular design , used in printing
to harm sb who is weaker than you , or make use of them in a dishonest way to get what you want
to deliberately forget sth unpleasant
to go around a particular area to make sure that no body is breaking the law there
the quality of treating people equally or in a way that is reasonable
to say or do sth to show that sb took part in sth , especially a crime
a seat with legs but with nothing to support your back or arms
to expect sth
a book or set of books giving information about all areas of knowledge or about different areas of one particular subject , usually arranged in alphabetical order ; a similar collection of information on a website or CD-ROM
in all cases that
careful when dealing with sb / sth because you think that there may be a danger or problem
to have sth that belongs to you , especially because you have bought it
plants in general , especially the plants that are found in a particular area or environment
the position of having power or influence over sb / sth
a person who competes with sb else in sport or in politics for an important position that the other person already holds
a feeling of being cold
an indirect and usually bad result of an action or event that may happen some time afterwards
sudden and unexpected , often in an unpleasant way
a strip of ground with a hard surface beside a major road such as a motorway or interstate where vehicles can stop in an emergency
an amount equal to half of sth / sb
to manage or survive
tending not to talk very much
producing pollen
in a way that shows a lack of feeling or sympathy
the fact of sb having a disease or an injury ; a person suffering from a disease or an injury
happy and satisfied with what you have
presented or arranged in a table ( = in rows and columns )
extremely annoying
if sb / sth is exempt from sth , they are not affected by it , do not have to do it , pay it , etc .
used to describe money that you receive but do not earn by working
a particular habit or way of speaking or behaving that sb has but is not aware of
to find a way of avoiding a difficulty or a rule
ships in general or considered as a group
a swear word that many people find offensive , used to emphasize a comment or an angry statement to avoid saying ‘ fucking ’
the weakest part of sth that is most easily attacked
completely used or finished
a statement of the current value of goods or shares
to cut or divide sth into four parts
when a car horn , etc. beeps or when you beep it , it makes a short noise
to be or move yourself into a sitting position , rather than lying down or leaning back
full of strong emotions , especially connected with sex and love
the act of using force to oppose sb / sth
fighting or a fight , especially during a time of war
having little or no rain ; very dry
to cross another line
wet earth that is soft and sticky
to make a subject more difficult to understand
without thinking about the problems that your actions might cause
connected with the study of psychology
very hot and uncomfortable
to make a person or an animal unconscious for a short time , especially by hitting them on the head
approximately but not exactly
an occasion when sb / sth is saved from a dangerous or difficult situation
to stop doing sth or lose interest in sth as you become older
a single item of writing , art , music , etc. that sb has produced or created
to look carefully at sb / sth
of a lower amount or standard than sb / sth
to get better after a serious illness , operation , etc .
to damage sb 's reputation , pride , etc .
wearing fashionable or expensive clothes
a long thin case filled with seeds that develops from the flowers of some plants , especially peas and beans
a flower that is a type of iris and that grows near water
too hot
to divide into parts to be analysed
to bite food into small pieces in your mouth with your teeth to make it easier to swallow
evidence that proves that a person was in another place at the time of a crime and so could not have committed it
a group of birds or aircraft flying together
showing a lot of anger
clearly ; definitely
to escape to a place that is quieter or safer
carefully arranged or organized
to make sb feel upset , annoyed or not satisfied
a railway / railroad engine pulling a number of coaches / cars or trucks , taking people and goods from one place to another
the limit of your desires , knowledge or interests
a member of one of the lower ranks in the British army
used after numbers to show the size of a group
used to mention sth that happens immediately afterwards , especially sth that causes surprise , disappointment , etc .
to put your foot down heavily and noisily on the ground
not providing a clear and definite answer or result
used after verbs of movement to mean ‘ with the intention of giving sth ’
acceptable to people in a particular situation
a fully grown animal
a list of people employed by a company showing the amount of money to be paid to each of them
the act of showing a skill , a feeling , or a kind of behaviour
a note played a semitone / half tone higher than the note that is named . The written symbol is ( ♯ )
to secretly find a way of looking at and / or changing information on sb else 's computer system without permission
the amount or level of sth
the process of dividing one number by another
near in space or time
with no people living there ; not inhabited
a feeling of cold
having many twists or curves
giving enthusiastic praise
of a period of time when businesses are growing and people are making money fast
to be in a position where people can criticize or blame you
according to a rule or the way that sb says that sth should be done
to fill with air and swell out
concerning the governments of two or more countries
to try to please sb in order to get sth you want , especially the support of a person , an organization , etc .
to make sb feel offended or disgusted
having a mind that does not work normally ; mentally ill
to see or hear sb / sth ; to become aware of sb / sth
the distance between the rails of a railway / railroad track or the wheels of a train
the ability to move quickly in response to sth , especially if in danger
the process of selling shares in a company to the public for the first time in order to raise money
according to a particular set of rules , laws , etc .
employed for a special purpose in addition to the usual staff
something dangerous , difficult or embarrassing that you try to persuade sb to do , to see if they will do it
meant to be kept secret and not told to or shared with other people
attempts to start a sexual relationship with sb
without any problems or difficulties
a person who thinks deeply about things
a person on television who talks straight to the camera
used in front of a person 's name when sb signs a business letter on his / her behalf
to find and start to use sth that is needed for a particular purpose
to become less powerful and lose influence over people , society , etc .
to make sth appear on a computer screen
a period of time in which you sit or lie in a room ( also called a sauna ) which has been heated to a very high temperature . Some saunas involve the use of steam .
careful questions that are asked in order to find out people 's opinions about sth
connected with medical treatment that is intended to improve a person 's appearance
damp , cold and unpleasant
to offer sth such as advice or an explanation
used in questions to ask for particular information about sb / sth
unkind and likely to hurt sb 's feelings
an act of coming or being brought to a place
to be next to or joined to sth
used after hope , expect , believe , etc. to give a negative reply
an idea or opinion that is formed before you have enough information or experience
a person who has received a medal , usually for winning a competition in a sport
that does not allow water to get in or out
containing or holding as much or as many as possible ; having no empty space
easily or clearly seen or understood ; obvious
a form of iron used to make decorative fences , gates , etc .
the state of being very important and worth protecting
used in the names of office buildings
the person who is wearing sth ; a person who usually wears the thing mentioned
a violent attack or threats by one person against another person or by one country against another country
a place where you pay to sit in a plane , train , theatre , etc .
no longer valid
having the highest position or the greatest power
a quality that makes sth effective or powerful
to reach a particular point
the system of voting in writing and usually in secret ; an occasion on which a vote is held
a sudden change of government that is illegal and often violent
a clever person who works hard at school
to hide ideas , feelings , opinions , etc. completely
an unpleasant event , especially in a vehicle , that happens unexpectedly and causes injury or damage
to move sth into a particular place or position
the person in charge of a group of people or an organization
a fault or weakness in sth such as a plan , law or story
that allows information to be passed continuously and in both directions between a computer and the person who uses it
as good as or better than others
appearing to be trying to attract sb sexually
a container , usually made of paper , that holds a number of the same thing or an amount of sth , ready to be sold
to behave in a friendly way towards sb because you want them to give you sth or do sth for you
with all the members having strong friendly relationships with one another
badly planned or judged ; not carefully thought about
belonging to or connected with the particular place or area that you are talking about or with the place where you live
to be prepared by boiling , baking , frying , etc .
detailed information on how to do or use sth
known or done by sb in a group or an organization
a mental state where sb becomes delirious , usually because of illness
slow to learn or understand things ; not clever or intelligent
an examination of a vehicle or machine followed by any work that is necessary to keep it operating well
to kick a ball very hard or a long way
used meaning ‘ by itself ’ to show that you are referring to sth on its own , rather than in connection with other things
to think about sth and try to decide what is true , what will happen , what you should do , etc .
to move smoothly and quietly , especially as though it takes no effort
between two people only
determined to be successful , rich , powerful , etc .
already existing and therefore more important
a small wooden barrel used for storing liquids , especially alcoholic drinks ; the amount contained in a cask
the relationship between the cost of doing sth and the value of the benefit that results from it
used to refer to people or things that are additional or different to people or things that have been mentioned or are known about
a mark , usually not regular in shape , on skin , plants , material , etc .
a person of higher rank , status or position
a kitchen utensil ( = a tool ) with a rough surface , used for grating food into very small pieces
to use a particular manner , way of speaking , expression , etc .
to avoid giving clear and accurate information , or a clear answer
to keep hitting sb / sth hard , especially with your fists ( = tightly closed hands )
a narrow flat piece of rock that sticks out from a cliff
to stick or attach sth to sth else
a place where goods of a particular kind are kept
to behave in a way that is the opposite of what sb expects of you , especially in protest
boring and always the same
the fact of following the rules or standards of sth
to become , or allow sb to become , a part of a country or community rather than remaining in a separate group
a thing that uses a lot of the time , money , etc. that could be used for sth else
to combine or make two or more things combine to form a single thing
a valley
to be in a particular state or position at the end of a race or a competition
one of the four long thin parts that stick out from the hand ( or five , if the thumb is included )
a violent attack that injures or damages sb / sth
to do sth again , especially when it is unnecessary
very serious or unpleasant
a false way of thinking about sth
a piece of land that is surrounded by a fence or wall and is used for a particular purpose
a control that allows you to stop a tape recorder , CD player , etc. for a short time
connected with managing a business or an organization , and with making plans and decisions
a roof that is supported on posts and is sometimes also attached at one side to a building
cubic centimetre ( s )
to make a physical or electronic connection between one object , machine , place , etc. and another
that makes you feel unhappy
having a lot of academic knowledge learned from books and studying , but not necessarily knowing much about people and living in the real world
to go to a place and wait there for a particular person to arrive
to give sb money for work , goods , services , etc .
as the result of a particular thing or situation
in a way that is thick and attractive
to develop a particular habit
not reasonable or sensible ; impossible to control
used to show that you are very surprised about sth because you do not believe it is possible
connected with the nose
important ; with a lot of responsibility
used to say that sth is in a place but you do not know exactly where
to make thoughts , feelings , etc. clear to sb by using words , looks , movements , etc .
a person or thing that is similar to sb / sth that existed in the past
to state officially at a meeting that you support another person 's idea , suggestion , etc. so that it can be discussed and / or voted on
to make yourself clean using water and usually soap
a dark cloud that you see when bad weather is coming
a member of the British House of Lords who does not belong to a particular political party
an official warning that sth bad is going to happen
an act of passing urine from the body
used with nouns to talk about tasks such as cleaning , washing , arranging , etc .
the size and extent of a situation
a piece of clothing
having lost the amount of money mentioned
a group of chosen members of a government , which is responsible for advising and deciding on government policy
a situation in which a lot of people are anxious or frightened about sth
the best of its kind
( in ) the place or situation in which
feeling very angry or worried
to become or make sth better , more skilful , more effective , etc. than before
out of your way
to apply to sb / sth
a person that everyone laughs at because they have done sth stupid
an act of crying
having been pregnant for the length of time mentioned
the name that you use to enter a computer system
used to show that you are almost certain of what you are saying and want other people to agree with you
fast and elegant
in a way that shows skill and experience
used to say you think sb is late or is too slow in doing sth
a particular type of musical rhythm
used as a form of address by children in some schools to a woman teacher , whether she is married or not
boring , depressing and ugly
the quality of sth , such as a situation or an argument , that makes it easy to understand
the science of thinking about or explaining the reason for sth using formal methods
a person or thing that is a well-known or typical example of a particular quality
to choose information , etc. from a book , a computer , etc. to be used for a particular purpose
too large or too small when compared with sth else
a person or thing that is similar to another
a quick and clever remark
used to say that you like sth very much or that sth surprises you
continuing too long ; repeated too often
a short film showing events that are known to have happened , made in order to try and get more information or better understanding , especially about a crime
looking attractive in photographs
a number which when multiplied by itself produces a particular number
to interest and amuse sb in order to please them
having a wide variety of qualities that combine to produce sth pleasant , complete and balanced
to split into several parts so that it no longer functions or exists ; to split a society or an organization , etc. in this way
fitting closely to your body and sometimes uncomfortable
different from what is usual or normal
a piece of material used to cover the inside surface of sth
consisting of different kinds of people , for example , people from different races and cultures
containing a lot of juice and good to eat
to divide sth into parts or portions
to criticize sb strongly in public
used to say that it does not matter who , since the result will be the same
putting a lot of effort or energy into an activity
including everything or everyone ; in total
the influence of a particular thing or group within society
a sports event that has been arranged to take place on a particular date and at a particular place
to study very hard , especially in order to prepare for an exam
to be made or formed from several parts , things or people
connected with the place where you have always lived or have lived for a long time
used to say that sb is getting a lot of money
to become twisted , untidy or confused
a large light , usually one of two , at the front of a vehicle ; the beam from this light
connected with seeing , hearing and understanding
a difference that separates people , or their opinions , situation , etc .
a fixed amount of food , fuel , etc. that you are officially allowed to have when there is not enough for everyone to have as much as they want , for example during a war
good enough to win a prize in a competition
to travel over an ocean or area of land in an aircraft
to begin to take effect
to make sth using special skills , especially with your hands
to happen in a way that delays sth or prevents it from happening
with eyelids or lips apart
full of interesting and entertaining news
in the company or presence of sb / sth
the thick skin of some fruits and vegetables
to move or to move sth slowly and carefully in a particular direction
using rude , offensive language
to produce sth in a particular way or make it have a particular shape
the activity of going to nightclubs regularly
a particular tendency in the character of a person or group , or a quality in their manner
the British royal family or the people who advise them
to give sb permission to do sth
to limit the amount of time spent discussing a new law in Parliament
very bright in colour
what you see when you cut through the middle of sth so that you can see the different layers it is made of ; a drawing of this view
the power that a court , an organization or a person has to deal with sth
the amount of difference between light and dark in a photograph or the picture on a television screen
to state firmly or publicly that sth is true or that you support sth strongly
the time in December and early January that includes Christmas , Hanukkah and New Year
the men , women and children that you are closely related to , especially your parents , grandparents , etc .
silly and sentimental ; full of unnecessary emotion
to become longer ; to make sth longer
a group of people living in a religious community , especially monks or nuns
spent with little or no sleep
artificial and not as good as the real thing or product
without limits ; without end
a subject or situation that you must consider or deal with
too bad to be corrected or cured
to search an area or various areas in order to find or discover sth
used to ask sb to repeat what they have just said because you did not hear
the amount picked up by a scoop
the process of controlling the direction of a rocket , etc , using electronic equipment
the total amount of sth that sth can carry or contain
a very large and powerful thing
in a particular direction towards or at sb / sth
one of many dots that together form a pattern , especially on cloth
strange and unusual
having both good and bad qualities or feelings
located away from the centre of a town or city
ended or destroyed
the act of controlling or limiting sth because it is necessary or sensible to do so
a smell , especially one that you only smell for a short time
one of two children born at the same time to the same mother
the base that a column , statue , etc. rests on
that cannot be affected or harmed by sth
the title of the emperor of Russia in the past
something that stops you from learning the truth about a situation
to tell a customer how much money you will charge them for a job , service or product
a natural system in living things that controls regular physical activities such as sleeping
swear words , or religious words used in a way that shows a lack of respect for God or holy things
not popular or fashionable at a particular time
a large farm building for storing grain or keeping animals in
to take sb else 's child into your family and become its legal parent ( s )
something that is said or done to show respect for sb
a feeling that you get when sth affects your body
a man who believes men are more important , intelligent , etc. than women
under the surface of the ground
a collection of valuable things such as gold , silver and jewellery
used with a mute
a few words or an action in a play that is a signal for another actor to do sth
the first letters of all of a person 's names
a piece of music for one or more solo instruments playing with an orchestra
to wait for sth to happen
based on what at first seems to be true , although it may be proved false later
enjoyable
happening to an actor in real life , not on the stage
to murder sb
consisting of a number of areas or groups that are joined together and are controlled by one government or group
to hurt sb physically or mentally in order to punish t hem or make them tell you sth
suitable for all members of a family , both adults and children
alone ; one at a time
very difficult to believe
earned or resulting from hard work
not true or real ; invented
a small part of sth that still exists after the rest of it has stopped existing
an organization that sells books , CDs , etc. cheaply to its members
the central or most important person or thing
very good
to have to give up sth ; to fail to keep sth
to design and arrange the steps and movements for dancers in a ballet or a show
the form of a word or phrase that has become changed from its original form in some way
pale in colour
thin or narrow
a hot bright stream of burning gas that comes from sth that is on fire
a round object used for throwing , hitting or kicking in games and sports
the symbol , badge or sign that shows sb 's rank or that they are a member of a group or an organization
anxious care for sb 's comfort , health or happiness
to gradually increase in number or quantity over a period of time
to happen more than once in the same way
the right side or direction
with musical skill
to hit a ball so that it spins and does not move in the expected direction
letters and symbols that show the parts of a chemical compound , etc .
to still be present after the other parts have been removed , used , etc ; to continue to exist
having a strong effect on your body or mind
the five days other than Saturday and Sunday
to appear on a television screen , computer screen , etc. for a short time ; to make sth do this
to fasten sth with screws
different from anything known before ; new , interesting and often seeming slightly strange
to fix sth in a place where it will be seen
intended as an introduction to a subject or an activity for people who have never done it before
the quality of doing sth well with no waste of time or money
connected with God or a god ; considered to be holy
sloping upwards
the sound that is made by sth repeatedly hitting a surface quickly and lightly
to protect sth that breaks easily by surrounding it with soft material
to make a sudden movement because of surprise , fear or excitement
the colours that exist in sth , especially a plant or an animal
materials that are no longer needed and are thrown away
an exciting event
a secret and clever plan ; a trick
a measurement of the distance food has to be transported from the producer to the consumer and the fuel that this uses
the quality of being true ; the habit of telling the truth
an increase in sth , especially a feeling
to not go to bed until later than usual
to search for or try to get sth
a version of a record , tape , film / movie , etc. from which copies are made
to such a great degree
to move your head in the direction of sb / sth to show that you are talking about them / it
feeling angry or unhappy because sb you like or love is showing interest in sb else
the highest level or number
to move or push sb / sth suddenly and with a lot of force
to have a noticeable effect on sth / sb , especially a bad one
to write sth using a computer or a mobile / cell phone
across , especially from one corner to the opposite one
a long thin piece of rope or leather , attached to a handle , used for making animals move or punishing people
connected with the sea or ships
a written suggestion for a new law that is presented to a country 's parliament so that its members can discuss it
the system of collecting money by taxes
to cause sb / sth to feel uncomfortable or anxious
an action or a comment that is deliberately rude in order to show sb that you do not like or respect them
to be different from each other in size , shape , etc .
to show that sth is true ; to provide evidence for sth
a piece of equipment that holds several discs , etc. and is able to switch between them
essential for an organization to function successfully
a person who needs , or is thought to need , special treatment or attention
to shake because you are cold or frightened , or because of a strong feeling
to say publicly that you support a person , statement or course of action
to put or consider different things together in the same group
to make sth into a package
a fast turn or spin that a person , especially a ballet dancer , makes on one foot
a flat round metal container used for storing film
able to speak , read or write a language , especially a foreign language , easily and well
using sth ; by means of sth
to enjoy yourself , especially by eating , drinking alcohol and dancing
extremely beautiful or carefully made
to lose control of your feelings and start crying
an economic system in which the price of goods and services is affected by supply and demand rather than controlled by a government
to drive sb to a place in a car
to move to one side
a house , flat / apartment , etc. where a person lives
a person or group of people , especially as a source of help , information or a reaction
a complicated series of paths , which it is difficult to find your way through
crazy , ridiculous or extremely stupid
more seriously and with more force or effort than before
a tight hold with your hand or in your arms
a place that provides shelter from bad weather or protection from an attack
to make sth happen more quickly
to become interesting and exciting
a lot of sth
in this place , document , statement or fact
a piece of clothing that consists of trousers / pants with an extra piece of cloth covering the chest , held up by strips of cloth over the shoulders
the act of taking an amount of money out of your bank account
the action of keeping sth rather than losing it or stopping it
serious , uncertain and possibly dangerous
connected with activities in which people meet each other for pleasure
something that you say or do in an indirect way in order to show sb what you are thinking
a round fruit with shiny red or green skin and firm white flesh
to strongly influence the way sb 's character , opinions , etc. develop
when a light , the electricity , etc. goes on , it starts to work
that can be held for a particular period of time
to support sb by paying for their training or education
a thick round piece of plastic , rubber or metal that you put in the hole in a bath / bathtub or a sink to stop the water flowing out
to form a line along or around the edge of sth
finely balanced between success and failure
to give reasons why you think that sth is right / wrong , true / not true , etc , especially to persuade people that you are right
soft and shining
very old and well known and therefore no longer interesting
in a clean way
unusual or strange
sudden and impossible to control
to earn a particular amount of money before tax has been taken off it
a person whose job is to keep the records or accounts in an office , shop / store , etc .
to not do sth immediately
to have or keep sth that you love and that is extremely valuable to you
to be a particular height
used as a friendly way of addressing sb
to accept or receive sth with great enjoyment , without thinking about whether it is good , true or sincere
costing less money for people in particular situations ; given as a concession ( 3 )
to judge sb / sth to be of a particular standard
used to give the only situation in which sth will not happen or be true
the part of a person that includes their mind , feelings and character rather than their body
to go against or refuse to obey a law , an agreement , etc .
connected with vehicles that are driven by engines
an act of trying to get elected to public office
to intend or expect to do sth
that you have doubts about because you think it is not accurate or correct
intended to be sexually exciting
to make it clear that you have a particular quality
a way of standing or sitting in which your shoulders are not straight , so that you look tired or lazy
an official visit to a school , factory , etc. in order to check that rules are being obeyed and that standards are acceptable
a person that you are doing an activity with , such as dancing or playing a game
to produce or reflect light ; to be bright
the fact of wearing sth
an account of past events or of how sth has developed
all the children or students and the teachers in a school
a song , poem or prayer that praises God , especially one in the Bible
cooked in an oven without adding oil or fat
a student who is in his or her first year at a university or college , or in the ninth grade at school
in some places in Africa , a mother or older woman ( often used as a title that shows respect )
in a way that is connected with politics
to be impossible or almost impossible to believe , explain , describe , etc .
happening or appearing occasionally ; not very regular or frequent
if you exude a particular feeling or quality , or it exudes from you , people can easily see that you have it
surrounded by sb / sth ; in the middle of sb / sth
without a clear outline ; not clear
a group or quantity of people
the feeling of having lost all hope
without milk
to become badly infected
very grand ; generous
a dirty mark on sth , that is difficult to remove
to feel sorry for sb because of their situation ; to feel pity for sb
while talking about sth else and without giving much information
the process of keeping sb in prison while they are waiting for their trial
true and accurate ; not changing anything
to put one image on top of another so that the two can be seen combined
running water is water that is flowing somewhere or water that is supplied to a building and available to be used through taps / faucets
a power or a quality that exists and is capable of being developed
critical of sb / sth ; suggesting that sb is guilty
not being able to control their behaviour
to travel around a place , for example on holiday / vacation , or to perform , to advertise sth , etc .
the people and activities involved in crime in a particular place
a remark that is intended to annoy or upset sb
to believe or understand that sth is true because of information or evidence you have
approval of or permission for sth
if smoke , cloud , etc. billows , it rises and moves in a large mass
done very often , or existing in many places , and therefore not unusual
the quality of being complete and satisfying
God 's help and protection , or a prayer asking for this
the fact of continuing to try to do sth despite difficulties , especially when other people are against you and think that you are being annoying or unreasonable
ordinary and traditional
a man who has people working for him , often as servants in his home
a colour ; a particular shade of a colour
holding your attention completely
at the beginning
making you feel physically relaxed ; pleasant to wear , sit on , etc .
a skill or special ability
on or connected with the part of a fish or an animal that is underneath ( or that in humans faces forward )
acceptable ; in an acceptable manner
the origin and history of the rocks and soil of a particular area
free to go where you like or do what you want because you have no responsibilities
having an effect on sth
to feel very sure that sth is true or that sb will succeed
small and unimportant
used when you are naming people or things , describing them or giving more information about them
to try to deal with two or more important jobs or activities at the same time so that you can fit all of them into your life
a 400th anniversary
a title used to refer to God or Christ
used to show a vote for sb in an election
interesting and exciting details or qualities
multiplied by
possessions that can be moved
happening as a natural result of sth
a bac kground that a design is painted or printed on
in order to help sb / sth
separating one place from another
not thinking enough about the effects of what they do ; not showing a feeling of responsibility
to give sb advice on mora l standards , behaviour , etc , especially in a way that they find annoying or boring
a person or thing responsible for causing a problem
connected with getting rid of waste matter from the body
of or belonging to the speaker or writer
a formal , official written request or demand for sth
excellent ; wonderful
to question sb carefully and in a lot of detail about answers that they have already given , especially in court
to be the same as sth or to match it
trouble or problems , especially concerning what you need or would like yourself
to be a regular customer of a shop / store , restaurant , etc .
a glass or plastic container , usually round with straight sides and a narrow neck , used especially for storing liquids
to take part in or lead a campaign , for example to achieve political change or in order to win an election
a soft smooth shiny quality
used as a polite way of referring to the fact of time passing and of sb growing older
to make a disagreement between people , or an issue on which people disagree , clearer and more likely to produce a result
a curved street with a row of houses on it
a large hole in the ground caused by the explosion of a bomb or by sth large hitting it
the measurement from one side of sth to the other ; how wide sth is
necessary or essential in order for sth to succeed or exist
the two final years at school for students between the ages of 16 and 18 who are preparing to take A levels ( = advanced level exams )
a strong fast bird of prey ( = a bird that kills other creatures for food )
to make a loud sound like pieces of metal hitting each other ; to cause sth to make this sound
to be used instead of sth / sb else ; to do sth instead of sb / sth else
to cook meat or vegetables very slowly with a little liquid in a closed container
to tell sb that you have received sth that they sent to you
a piece of music written as an introduction to an opera or a ballet
not moved or touched by anyone or anything
if sth is in order , it is a suitable thing to do or say on a particular occasion
to be extremely successful very quickly in a particular place or among particular people
people , money or space that should be used more fully in an organization
one of the choices you can make when using a computer program
a feeling that you do not want to accept or agree to sth , etc. until you are quite sure that it is all right to do so
to check the contents , quality , etc. of sth carefully
to deal with a situation , a person , an area of work or a strong emotion
a particular occasion ; a time for doing sth
the number of items sold
thin , in a way that is attractive
a straight tree with a mass of long leaves at the top , growing in tropical countries . There are several types of palm tree , some of which produce fruit .
happening , done , published , etc. after a person has died
a journey across a sea or a wide river
the first page of a newspaper , where the most important news is printed
very great or obvious
the outside or top layer of sth
a local branch of a society , club , etc .
a position or an item on a list
not done in the appropriate or usual amount of time
a young adult
pieces of material that are not wanted and rubbish / garbage that are left somewhere
behaving very well and showing very good manners ; like a gentleman
used to ask for more information about sth
in a way that does not hide the unpleasant aspects of sth
the quality of being subtle
the time when sb stops working and is able to relax
to heat sth until it forms curls or until it burns
not certain and slightly suspicious about sth ; not knowing whether sth is good or bad
made after you have promised to tell the truth , especially in court
trade , especially between countries ; the buying and selling of goods and services
a single piece of news in a newspaper , on television , etc .
feeling as if you want to vomit
the degree to which sth has not been changed or damaged by age , weather , etc .
a length of time in the life of a particular person or in the history of a particular country
a process for separating substances from a liquid , especially for taking waste substances out of the blood of people with damaged kidneys
a toy
used to describe sb who is the same as you in some way , or in the same situation
suitable ; with the right qualities and skills
like a cat ; connected with an animal of the cat family
to make or remove a mark , etc. on sth deliberately , by rubbing it with sth hard or sharp
consisting of people who have been chosen to speak or vote on behalf of the rest of a group
the power , energy , etc. produced by a piece of equipment
connected with chemistry
an academic qualification given by a university or college , for example a BA or BSc , that is given to sb who does not already have a degree in that subject
used to express whole hours in the 24-hour system
an arrangement for two people to share the hours of work and the pay of one job
having a special quality that makes sth seem wonderful
a substance similar t o chalk made into white or coloured sticks for writing or drawing
unusually great intelligence , skill or artistic ability
very safe
the state of being like sb / sth but not exactly the same
things that are important or used for only a short period of time
of course
the area at the side of a road or path
to start suddenly and with force
to run too fast
to force sb to give you money or do sth for you by threatening them , for example by saying you will tell people a secret about them
providing or connected with evidence
the act of believing or claiming that sth is true even though it cannot be proved
a well-known make of a product , especially a car , that is expensive and fashionable
of the thing mentioned
the act of officially removing sb from their job , school , team , etc. for a period of time , usually as a punishment
to say that you believe that sb will behave well and that you will be responsible for their actions
a way of avoiding sth , especially a responsibility or duty
not paid , done , returned , etc. by the required or expected time
an example or action for people to copy
an ability or a skill that you can develop with training and practice
not attracting unnecessary attention
to make sb feel that they have lost honour or respect
extremely effective , so that no defence is possible
to move or do sth suddenly and quickly
a small piece of paper , especially one for writing on or with sth printed on it
the qualities of a person 's character that make them interesting and attractive
the exact opposite of sth ; the act of causing sth not to exist or to become its opposite
a formal sign made by a woman in a dance or to say hello or goodbye to an important person , by bending her knees with one foot in front of the other
to get on a vehicle very quickly
connected with the game of football ( soccer )
to make a feeling or situation exist
the intelligence or good sense to know what is the right thing to do
the chance to change sth or to understand it in a different way
used especially in names of birds or animals which have a crest
a fast exciting Spanish dance that is usually danced to music played on a guitar
to one side ; out of the way
hard physical work that is not skilled
places or things that are not known about
a tube in the body through which air , liquid , etc. passes
a danger or difficulty , especially one that is hidden or not obvious at first
the ability to make sensible decisions and give good advice because of the experience and knowledge that you have
expert and highly trained ; excellent at sth
not opened yet
that deserves to be hated
the possessions , clothes , etc. that are connected with a particular situation , job or social position
to make sb feel confused because they do not understand sth
existing or done for a good reason
the act of making sth longer or larger ; the thing that is made longer and larger
a trip or visit somewhere for a day
having parents , grandparents , etc. from only one race or country
a sum of money or sth valuable that you give or offer to sb to persuade them to help you , especially by doing sth dishonest
tired and bored , usually because you have had too much of sth
to persuade sb to do sth that they would not usually agree to do by making it seem very attractive
to mark or cover sth with streaks
to give a bank , etc. the legal right to own your house , land , etc. if you do not pay the money back that you have borrowed from the bank to buy the house or land
a drug that is taken by a person or given to an animal to affect their performance in a race or sport
a person , a country or an organization that has joined a particular group , club or team
a place in a race , competition , or test , when compared to others
to press sth firmly , especially with your fingers
a US , Australian or New Zealand dollar ; a South African rand ; an Indian rupee
the quality of being good
difficult to manage with because there is not enough
an easy book that is intended to help people learn to read their own or a foreign language
all the way ; completely
an effort to do better than sth , such as a very good performance in sport
a building that provides a temporary home for people in need of shelter or protection from sb / sth
to make sure that a particular set of rules is obeyed
the process of detecting sth ; the fact of being detected
happening fairly often and regularly
the fact of being or looking similar to sb / sth
having sth in large quantities
located on land near the ocean
to take away part of sb 's wages , etc .
the fact of seeing that sth might happen in the future and perhaps doing sth about it now
involved in the busiest or most active part of sth
to receive and send on information , news , etc. to sb
likely to decay or go bad quickly
to express so much praise or emotion about sb / sth that it does not seem sincere
a small amo unt of sth that is added to sth else
to get away from an unpleasant or dangerous situation
used to express surprise , fear , joy , etc .
the act of taking a drug , especially an illegal one
a container for holding or carrying things . Baskets are made of thin strips of material that bends and twists easily , for example plastic , wire or wicker .
caused by the thing that has just been mentioned
an electrical device that produces a buzzing sound as a signal
in the form of a diagram that shows the main features or relationships but not the details
a male teacher at a school , especially a private school
having a mandate to do sth
a place where sth , especially a bone in your body , has broken
with a wide range of skills or abilities
to drink sth after , or at the same time as , eating sth
going away from a particular place , especially one that you are going to return to
a small accident or piece of bad luck that does not have serious results
willing to accept change ; easy to influence or control
to shake or brush sth so that it looks larger and / or softer
a number or an amount of sth that can be held in a fist
the state in which sb / sth has been forgotten and is no longer famous or important
the state of remaining unknown to most other people
a substance that is produced during the process of making or destroying sth else
metal made into very thin sheets that is used for covering or wrapping things , especially food
used for referring to sth without saying exactly what it is
to give sb money before the time it would usually be paid
the work of trying to destroy , prevent or achieve sth
to make sb feel horror or disgust
to be available for sb to use if they pay a particular amount of money
to eat sth
to make a bomb , etc. explode
to prevent or limit sth
a situation that is likely to cause serious problems in the future
the qualities or features of sth that make it seem attractive
to buy a newspaper or magazine regularly
the cheapest seats in a plane
used to refer to every one of two or more people or things , when you are thinking about them separately
the numbers from 100 to 999
to arrange for sth official to take place
as if
to make sb fall asleep or become unconscious
a relationship between two people , organizations , etc ; the state of having this relationship
a formal lunch or a formal word for lunch
the process or act of organizing the way that sth is done
the business or industry of producing goods in large quantities in factories , etc .
a cold sweet transparent food made from gelatin , sugar and fruit juice , that shakes when it is moved
the sport or activity of swimming underwater with simple breathing equipment but without a special suit for protection
having made less progress than normal ; developing slowly
a substance , strip of material , etc. used to fill a crack so that air , liquid , etc. cannot get in or out
made of thinner material and less heavy than usual
concerned with principles of right and wrong behaviour
the state of being poor
that could possibly exist , happen or be true , although this is unlikely
a long piece of metal or wood that sticks out from a wall to support the end of a bridge or other structure
to cover sth with sheets of metal or another hard substance
to cut a small amount off a price , etc .
happening at exactly the right time
to cause sth to develop or be produced
in or to the infield
sounding sweet and pleasant
a particular way of feeling or behaving
to organize the contents of sth ; to tidy sth
making you feel very bored and unable to think of new ideas
a short announcement made at the beginning or end of a meeting , a church service , etc .
having the qualities or characteristics of the thing mentioned
a long deep sound or series of sounds
having the latest information
the act of congratulating sb
the act of giving a form and structure to inner thoughts and feelings
a short time away in the future
what is said in court to prove that a person did not commit a crime ; the act of presenting this argument in court
to do and complete a task
the institutions or people involved in teaching and training
to put soldiers in a place in order to defend it from attack
to pass
complete and total
to show sth in a public place for people to enjoy or to give them information
a disadvantage given to a player or a team when they break a rule
the people who are going to take part in a particular event
to remove sth or a part of sth , using a knife , etc .
wrong ; not as it should be
an animal or a plant which produces other animals or plants
a physical condition in which you cannot s top your body from shaking because of fear , illness , or because you have drunk too much alcohol
used when you are very annoyed about sth
the official system used for sending and delivering letters , packages , etc .
the particular way in which sth exists , is experienced or is done
a person , horse , car , etc. that is in a race at the beginning
a tyre that has lost air , usually because of a hole
a person who is unable to walk or move normally because of a disease or injury
paying attention to what is happening in case of danger , accidents , etc .
to undo the buttons on a piece of clothing
to have one of the main parts in a film / movie , play , etc .
in a way that is connected with religion
the work or the business of some professional people such as doctors , dentists and lawyers ; the place where they work
any unpleasant thick liquid substance
good or useful
th e place in a person where the feelings and emotions are thought to be , especially those connected with love
an arrangement when two people or groups from different countries visit each other 's homes or do each other 's jobs for a short time
funny and enjoyable
connected with or involving crime
when waves break , they fall and are dissolved into foam , usually near land
the strong feeling of enjoyment that sth gives you
something that you can choose to have or do ; the freedom to choose what you do
to officially make a claim , request , etc .
to produce sth by mixing different types together
connected with mental processes of understanding
to arrive or go somewhere in large numbers
to officially open a building or start an organization with a special ceremony
the process of planning sth or putting a plan into operation in a skilful way
at or near the top of sth
to mix people , ideas , colours , etc. together ; to be mixed in this way
a length of time which is a division of an era . A period is di vided into epochs .
the mixture of gases that surrounds the earth and that we breathe
showing that sth exists or has happened
the colour of lemons or butter
to build a wall , fence , etc. around sth
to include sth ; to deal with sth
a game for two people played on a long table covered with green cloth . Players use cues ( = long sticks ) to hit a white ball against other balls ( 15 red and 6 of other colours ) in order to get the coloured balls into pockets at the edge of the table , in a particular set order .
a person or thing that represents or is a typical example of an idea or a quality
one of the various types of powder or seed that come from plants and are used in cooking . Spices have a strong taste and smell
a person who has sexual relationships with people of the opposite sex , rather than the same sex
opposing sth and trying to stop it happening
without sleep
to travel in a punt , especially for pleasure
the power that destroys life , imagined as human in form
to organize and begin sth
at the end of sth
harm ; bad luck
to learn about or be aware of the news , cu rrent events , etc .
to consider sb / sth in a particular way ; to be considered in a particular way
a thing , situation , etc. that is different from what is normal or expected
to cause sb to feel sudden and great pain
covered in forest
a situation when nobody is speaking
the policy of allowing private businesses to develop without government control
a sum of money that is given by the government or by another organization to be used for a particular purpose
the process of comparing one thing with another thing that has similar features in order to explain it
a particular situation or a situation of a partic ular type
slightly open
to suddenly let a strong force , emotion , etc. be felt or have an effect
a very small creature like a spider that lives on plants , animals , carpets , etc .
involving a lot of change and confusion and / or violence
showing calm control rather than emotion
having a particular colour or different colours
the bottom edge of a dress or skirt ; the length of a dress or skirt
living in water that is not the sea and is not salty
the part that sticks out and can be moved at the back of the body of a bird , an animal or a fish
the act of reducing sth or of being reduced
extremely useful
having a pleasant smell
moving forwards or downwards with your head in front of the rest of your body
of the most excellent type or quality
not having one clear or definite meaning or intention ; able to be understood in more than one way
a theatre performance , especially one that includes singing and dancing
connected with the physical world rather than with the mind or spirit
the state of wearing no clothes or very few clothes
to let or make sth / sb go down
relating to psychiatry or to mental illness
the number of times that an amount is to be multiplied by itself
to have difficulty breathing or speaking
a short loud laugh or shout
a piece of cloth , often used for a special purpose , especially cleaning things or covering a table
to come into sb 's mind suddenly
to produce a profit
an area of water , especially a lake , river , sea or ocean
unkind and showing that you think sb / sth is ridiculous
feelings of being anxious and nervous , especially before an important event or before having to do sth difficult
to send sb / sth by a particular route
used to say that you think sb has done more than is necessary , or has added unnecessary details to make sth seem better or worse than it really is
a lump that sticks out from sth in a round shape
suddenly and extremely popular and successful ; establishing sb 's reputation
showing trust ; showing that you want to tell sb a secret
with the seeds removed
to try to find a job
to put sth ( usually sth artificial ) into a part of the body for medical purposes , usually by means of an operation
to shoot an arrow
done in a smooth and skilful way
people who have very little money
a single thing , person or group that is complete by itself but can also form part of sth larger
a mistake in the way a law , contract , etc. has been written which enables people to legally avoid doing sth that the law , contract , etc. had intended them to do
suited to the taste and knowledge of ordinary people
a boy or man who has the same mother and father as another person
immediately after the situation mentioned ; as a direct result of the situation mentioned
small and delicate
to attract or impress sb so much that they cannot think in a sensible way
not normal or ordinary ; greater or better than usual
the act of offering to do sth or to provide sth for a particular price
at this moment
to make you feel horror or disgust
having a lot of curls or a curved shape
the action or sport of running
hardly any ; not very much and not as much as there should be
used when one noun describes a second one
using or connected with computers
a soft wet mixture , usually made of a powder and a liquid
not being broadcast
a thing that makes a situation more complicated or difficult
rude or offensive language
a particular type of animal that has been developed by people in a controlled way , especially a type of dog , cat or farm animal
an area of public land in a town or a city where people go to walk , play and relax
that can be said to be true in the case of sb / sth
criminal or violent activity that causes sb 's death
the small hard part prod uced by a plant , from which a new plant can grow
the cost of producing sth or the price at which it is sold without profit
a strong wish to have sex with sb
becoming angry very easily
useful or necessary for a particular purpose , but not always fair or right
a piece of equipment used for listening to programmes that are broadcast to the public
trying too hard to please sb
showing strong feeling
the less important part of sth , for example of a particular activity or of a social or political group
of the type already mentioned
to do sth again or in a different way
a word or phrase
to do sth so well that people notice and admire you
holy
a rope or wire that is stretched tightly high above the ground and that performers walk along , especially in a circus
a period during which sth is very successful , especially in the past
to achieve control over sb in a clever and dishonest way , especially so that they will do what you want
expressing sth that must happen or be true if another thing is to happen or be true
the process of changing sth that is written or spoken into an other language
any thing of importance
a way of referring to money and how it is controlled or spent
a system that allows a person who has committed a crime not to go to prison if they behave well and if they see an official ( called a probation officer ) regularly for a fixed period of time
a piece of furniture , especially a cupboard , that fits with and matches others of the same type
while doing sth ; while sth is happening
relating to a competition or game in which teams or players take part to decide if they are good enough to be in another competition
very sorry for sth bad that you have done
showing or describing sexual activity in a detailed or violent way
thick paper , often with a pattern on it , used for covering the walls and ceiling of a room
difficult and unpleasant
to have a particular role or purpose
the testing or examining of a large number of people or things for disease , faults , etc .
artificial teeth on a thin piece of plastic ( = a plate ) , worn by sb who no longer has all their own teeth
caused or made by glaciers ; connected with glaciers
the part of a day during which you work
continuing for ever ; never changing
to get rid of or sell sth , especially sth illegal or of bad quality
a British coin worth 50 pence
not achieving what you want to achieve ; not having any effect
a person who has similar tastes , interests , etc. to your own and whose company you enjoy
a discussion about sth that has failed
done without thought or control ; wild and excited
happening or doing sth at the arranged or correct time ; not late
a place where large amounts of stone , etc. are dug out of the ground
to fight against or refuse to obey an authority , for example a government , a system , your parents , etc .
a person who is not accepted by a particular group of people , especially because their behaviour or their ideas are very different
to shout in a loud deep voice , especially because you are angry
strong pressure that makes sb do sth that they do not want to do
used or visited by people following a current fashion , especially by rich people
the opening in the face used for speaking , eating , etc ; the area inside the head behind this opening
if you tell sb to beware , you are warning them that sb / sth is dangerous and that they should be careful
expressed strongly and not hidden
thick soup made by boiling meat or fish and vegetables in water
believing or claiming that sb / sth is more important or impressive than they really are
a word meaning ‘ you ’ , used when talking to more than one person
not containing any fat
water that covers land after there has been a flood
the feelings and activities connected with a person 's sexual desires
the sport of hunting animals with dogs , using sight rather than smell
still able to explode or light ; ready for use
to come very close to being sth , especially a strong or unpleasant emotion or quality
a small paper or cardboard container in which goods are packed for selling
to take words , ideas , etc. from another language , person , etc. and use them , as your own
using money , time , materials , etc. in a careless way
a person who is very good at doing sth or using sth
if colour or light deepens or if sth deepens it , it becomes darker
a small stick made of wood or cardboard that is used for lighting a fire , cigarette , etc .
an explanation of the meaning of a word or phrase , especially in a dictionary ; the act of stating the meanings of words and phrases
a woman who has the same rank as a baron . In Britain , baronesses use the title Lady or Baroness .
well educated and enjoying activities in which you have to think seriously about things
a large amount or quantity of sth
extremely cruel and shocking
not less than
confused and not knowing what to do
the state or quality of being hard to do or to understand ; the effort that sth involves
intending or likely to murder
to tell sb to take a particular medicine or have a particular treatment ; to write a prescription for a particular medicine , etc .
used to say that sb must do sth , usually when you are angry
not great or extreme
the state of being morally bad
a feeling or an opinion , especially one based on emotions
the ability to recognize a difference between one thing and another ; a difference that is recognized
to officially make a new product available or start a new political campaign
to use magic powers in order to harm sb
if you have a sneaking feeling for sb or about sth , you do not want to admit it to other people , because you feel embarrassed , or you are not sure that this feeling is right
to go into or through sth
involving different areas of knowledge or study
to walk or travel around an area without any definite aim or direction
an act of sending sb to a particular place to do their job , especially for a limited period of time
weak and not successful
to eat dinner
to spend time in a pleasant lazy way
having a number to show that it is part of a series or list
a system of government by a king or a queen
feeling or showing strong sexual desire
a child who behaves badly
shocking because it is done in a very obvious way and shows no respect for people , laws , etc .
a thick soft flat cake made with chocolate and sometimes nuts and served in small squares
to measure how long it takes for sth to happen or for sb to do sth
to relax while enjoying sth very pleasant
the intention to do sth right
( in compounds ) related to or used for swimming
unpleasant ; real , and impossible to avoid
to injure sb seriously , causing permanent damage to their body
not clear or loud
to help sb succeed in doing sth very difficult
to become or make sth become tight or tighter
connected with the inside part of sth
a way of changing the style of your hair by using chemicals to create curls that last for several months
a boyfriend or girlfriend with whom you have arranged a date
to calculate the total number of people , things , etc. in a particular group
the clothes , etc. that you have just ironed or that need to be done
making the high whistling sound that your chest makes when you cannot breathe easily
one of the many soft light parts covering a bird 's body
the natural colour and condition of the skin on a person 's face
money that sb owes that they have not paid at the right time
to take or to order a recess
the shape and style that a piece of clothing has because of the way the cloth is cut
a weapon with a long metal blade and a handle
a person who is travelling or visiting a place for pleasure
made of plastic
happening or coming from outside a place , an organization , your particular situation , etc .
to make , repair or attach sth using a needle and thread
to make a note of sth for future use or action
to put your possessions into a bag , etc. before leaving a place
relating to leaves
a direction or route followed by a ship or an aircraft
causing death or likely to cause death ; very serious
a person who is stupid and easy to trick
an event at which animals compete or perform
a medical test for pregnant women in which a machine uses ultrasound to produce a picture of a baby inside its mother 's body
the dried seeds of the cumin plant , used in cooking as a spice
not interrupted by anyone
something that has grown
near the beginning of a period of time , an event , a piece of work , etc .
a successful pop song or record
a particular point in time
to mix with a liquid and become part of it
unnecessary excitement , worry or activity
the usual number of copies of a newspaper or magazine that are sold each day , week , etc .
to increase suddenly and by a large amount
the ability to keep doing sth , even if it is sometimes boring
to make sth known formally
anything that makes people feel healthier or happier
to become paler than usual
either of a pair of birds or animals
causing great harm or injury ; very serious
an event that is very similar to sth that happened before
a piece of equipment that passes liquid food , medicine or blood very slowly through a tube into a patient 's vein
to firmly base sth on sth else
to make sth last longer
bright light consisting of many little flashes
to make another formal request for sth
made shorter by cutting off part of the legs
things that people , especially children , do for pleasure rather than as work
to clean sth using a vacuum cleaner
the way that sb walks ; the sound that sb makes when they walk
not clear because of a lack of memory , understanding or detail
to be present while sth bad is happening but not do anything to stop it
our home
to suggest or give sth as an example or a possibility
of or connected with N or S America , especially the US
supported by private money rather than government money
to move back or away from a place or situation ; to make sb / sth do this
( to be ) very anxious or excited while you are waiting to find out sth or see what will happen
the form of a verb that expresses an order ; a verb in this form
having a definite limit or fixed size
done without enthusiasm or energy
using both sound and pictures
slightly warm , sometimes in a way that is not pleasant
the action of a person spinning around once
to share your emotions and feelings with sb / sth without speaking
a track with a number at a train station that a train arrives at or leaves from
to do an exam
a lack of respect for sb / sth
to fix the price of sth at a particular level
not flowing very easily
to be so strong or great that it affects or disturbs sb / sth seriously
a period of time in which a play is shown in one place ; a series of plays , films / movies or television programmes
a particular look , sound or impression that sb , such as an artist or a writer , wants to create
to have or own sth
to do sth that people find very shocking
to change the colour of sth using a coloured liquid
to spend your time not doing anything , especially when you should be working
a person whose job is to clean other people 's houses or offices , etc .
a large basket with a lid , especially one used to carry food in
to accept an offer , a bet , etc. from sb
the activity or job of using a typewriter or computer to write sth
likely to need treatment or care for a long time
to strongly attract sb
an extra small amount of a drug that is given to increase the effect of one given earlier , for example to protect you from a disease for longer
a string that you wear around your neck or wrist for holding sth
not as strict as expected when punishing sb or when making sure that rules are obeyed
a plan or trick that is used to get sth that sb wants
= comprehensive n .
a person or an animal that competes in races
a feeling of excitement about sth ( usually sth good ) that is going to happen
the weapons and soldiers that an army , etc. has , considered as things that may be used
a road , path or street for travelling along
to teach sb new skills ; to learn new skills
involving writing rather than speaking or practical skills
an official examination of a dead body by a doctor in order to discover the cause of death
suffering from a disease
connected with the general costs of running a business or an organization , for example paying for rent or electricity
to move your head or body downwards to avoid being hit or seen
a person with special knowledge
( an area of ) wet soft ground , formed of decaying plants
a result of sth that has happened
to make a mistake
to decide not to use , sell , publish , etc. sth because its quality is not good enough
not clear ; not able to be clearly identified
to make sth lower in price
to make sb worried or upset
the way that sb behaves , especially towards other people
a large pile of sth , especially snow , made by the wind
a sudden movement downwards or away from sth
developing , growing , etc. gradually and in an even and regular way
a player who replaces another player in a sports game
for a very short time
the height above sea level
to walk somewhere in a shy or uncertain way as if you do not want to be noticed
the act of fulfilling a need or desire
yellowish-brown in colour
if metal rusts or sth rusts it , it becomes covered with rust
a short period of trying a new or different activity
( of a skill , quality or type of behaviour ) present when you are born and not changing during your life
an object that is used to support or hold sth
a section of a book , television series , etc , especially one that is published or broadcast separately
to put or place sth across or over sth else
bright red or orange in colour
not strict , severe or careful enough about work , rules or standards of behaviour
the authority that you give to sb to do sth for you , when you cannot do it yourself
an act of cleaning sth using a cloth
having a result that increases in strength or importance each time more of sth is added
to make sb confused
a number of different goods or currencies
a large quantity of writing
a tall container with a wide mouth , with or without handles , used in the past for carrying water , etc .
a group of members of the public who listen to the facts of a case in a court and decide whether or not sb is guilty of a crime
to fight sb who is attac king you and drive them away
work that students do at school or for school
clothes that you wear under other clothes and next to the skin
an occasion when a group of students meet to be taught
a reaction to sth that has happened or been said
a thin round piece of plastic on which music , etc. is recorded
able to do the work of two or more things that are usually separate
moving , reacting or working more slowly than normal and in a way that seems lazy
a particular period during which a parliament is working ; Parliament as it exists between one general election and the next
a garden tool like a pair of strong scissors , used for cutting plant stems and small branches
awkward ; too complicated to understand or use easily
an idea or a strong feeling that sth is true although you cannot explain why
the process of making films / movies , videos and computer games in which drawings or models of people and animals seem to move
without a job because there is no more work available for you in a company
to make sth , especially butter , pure by heating it
to make changes to text or data on screen
a drop of liquid that comes out of your eye when you cry
a woman who invites guests to a meal , a party , etc ; a woman who has people staying at her home
a letter or message sent by fax
if a watch or clock loses or loses time , it goes too slowly or becomes a particular amount of time behind the correct time
designed not to shatter
the people who work for an organization or one of the armed forces
to teach a person or an animal the skills for a particular job or activity ; to be taught in this way
to make sth weaker or less effective
to shock or surprise sb very much
not ready or not expecting sth
noticing or feeling sth very strongly
looking severe and without any colour or decoration
concerning or related to sb / sth
if cloth frays or sth frays it , the threads in it start to come apart
a place on the Internet where you can buy goods and services
the combination of two or more tunes played together to form a single piece of music
friendly and cheerful
the action of one object or surface moving against another
if not
able to measure very small changes
connected with the leader of a country attending an official ceremony
to make short , light , regular repeated sounds to mark time passing
having a useful or helpful effect on sb / sth
an action that is bad or unacceptable , but not very serious
a small change to sth that improves it
that not much is known about
a person 's stomach , especially when it is large
able to see in the way mentioned
how well or badly you do sth ; how well or badly sth works
having , or appearing to have , length , width and depth
to use oars to move a boat along
to change or to make sth change so that there is greater variety
to give sb more energy , strength , etc .
one of the seven actions for which you can go to hell , in Christian tradition
a plan that is intended to achieve a particular purpose
used to express surprise
an extremely skilful performance or achievement
measles , mumps , rubella
a line made of dots
to give students an informal test
a nut that grows underground in a thin shell
used when giving the time according to the 24-hour clock , usually in military or other official language
the part of a city that is between the central business area and the outer parts
a particular newspaper or magazine , or radio or television programme , especially one in a regular series
a weapon that is sent through the air and that explodes when it hits the thing that it is aimed at
a number of different things combined together , especially different types of food
not expressed or done in a direct way SYN indirect
in control of a situation
th e activity of learning or gaining knowledge , either from books or by examining things in the world
used to say that it is possible for sb / sth to do sth , or for sth to happen
going from one side of a town or city to the other
to give , offer or provide sth
used to emphasize that what you are saying is true or correct
to make sb pay money as an official punishment
to supply or produce information , results , etc .
to place minesn . ( 2 ) below the surface of an area of land or water ; to destroy a vehicle with mines
a children 's activity when they play with toys , pretend to be sb else , etc .
a group of commercial organizations controlled by one person or company
one circle of rope , wire , etc. in a series
a request for food or drinks in a restaurant , bar , etc ; the food or drinks that you ask for
to put new paint and / or paper on the walls of a room or house
a situation in a story , film / movie , competition , etc. that is very exciting because you cannot guess what will happen next , or you do not find out immediately what happens next
connected with growing crops such as wheat
the unit for measuring electric current
to appear and need to be dealt with by sb
not defeated or not ready to accept defeat
to shine
a story from ancient times , especially one that was told to explain natural events or to describe the early history of a people ; this type of story
to move backwards and forwards in a straight line
found , used or happening below the surface of the sea
producing emotions such as pity , romantic love or sadness , which may be too strong or not appropriate ; fee ling these emotions too much
the act of making sth better ; the process of sth becoming better
used to emphasize sth unexpected or surprising
a tune
used as the object of a verb , after the verb be or after a preposition to refer to a male person or animal that has already been mentioned or is easily identified
the powerful personal quality that some people have to attract and impress other people
an act of looking for sb / sth that is difficult to find
containing a lot of water
unpleasant or difficult to do and unlikely to bring you any rewards or thanks from anyone
accurately ; carefully
to express very strong disapproval of sb / sth , usually for moral reasons
either of two numbers or letters used to fix the position of a point on a map or graph
a pattern , etc. that is added to sth and that stops it from being plain
to cut or tear sth into small pieces
a piece of music made up of three or more related parts , for example pieces from an opera
used to show that what you are referring to is known or understood by the person you are speaking to
having the ability or qualities necessary for doing sth
sticky and slimy
if the police or authorities catch up with sb , they find and punish them after some time
in a way that is pleasant to listen to , like music
a series of moving pictures recorded with sound that tells a story , shown at the cinema / movie theater
happening not as the main aim , cause or result of a particular action , but in addition to it
used by people who have a lot of money or a high social position
a place or situation in which large numbers of people , ideas , etc. are mixed together
a person who gives sb a tip ( = a small amount of extra money to thank them for doing sth as part of their job ) of the size mentioned
to do or be better than sth
with great strength or effort
the fact that sth might exist or happen , but is not certain to
connected with young people below a particular age , rather than with adults , especially in sports
to put sb in a room away from other people , especially so that they can talk privately with sb , or so that they can be alone
to satisfy a wish , need , etc .
a crime that sb is accused of committing
used to show that you have finished talking about sth
a building that people are living in without permission and without paying rent
shining in the dark ; giving out light
exaggerated in order to create a special effect and attract people 's attention
to stay in the air
an act of looking at sb / sth
used before a figure to show the position of sth in a series
to send sth by mail , paying extra money to protect it against loss or damage
to change sth in order to make it suitable for a new use or situation
a pleasing feature
to become full of tears
clever at getting what you want , especially by indirect or dishonest methods
a quality or an ability that a person or thing has that gives them an advantage
not belonging to a trade / labor union
to wear clothes in order to show them to people who might want to buy them
not friendly , interested or enthusiastic
expressing the answer ‘ no ’
towards a higher amount or price
annoyed
a small electronic device for calculating with numbers
matching or connected with sth that you have just mentioned
larger than the usual size
modern ; of the latest type
to produce a stream of light and / or heat
the beginning of the year
containing menthol
to tell sb your name or sb else 's name when you or they arrive at a place
showing sth unpleasant as it really is
a stupid or dangerous act
to happen or to make sth happen faster or earlier than expected
used to show that sth has been stated , and you do not know if it is true or not
a person who admires sb / sth , especially a well-known person or thing
to give sth to sb in exchange for money
a planned piece of work that is designed to find information about sth , to produce sth new , or to improve sth
exaggerated in style , especially in a deliberately amusing way
to consider sth , such as sb 's opinion or a fact , and be influenced by it when you are deciding what to do or explaining sth
used to refer to a substance , material , group of objects , etc. when you do not know the name , when the name is not important or when it is obvious what you are talking about
( in ancient Rome ) a man trained to fight other men or animals in order to entertain the public
forming a unit by itself ; not joined to sth else
a lack of agreement about important things , which causes bad feelings between people or groups of people
to live in a place or fill it with people
a building or group of buildings where goods are made
happening or existing between people of different races
including everything possible ; very thorough or complete
the whole of space and everything in it , including the earth , the planets and the stars
to spend a period of time in a particular job or training for a job
the way that some things happen without any cause that you can see or understand
a person who has full powers to take action , make decisions , etc. on behalf of their government , especially in a foreign country
an amount of property that is owned by a person , museum , library , etc .
having feelings that you cannot express
the department in a hotel , a hospital , an office building , etc. that is responsible for cleaning the rooms , etc .
to add a particular quality to a book , speech , etc .
to do sth that is against the law ; to not keep a promise , etc .
to behave in a relaxed way without worrying about what people think of your behaviour
to provide weapons for yourself / sb in order to fight a battle or a war
a written suggestion , especially one for a new law made by the lawmakers of a state
to prepare sb / yourself / sth for sth
to believe or imagine that sb / sth has a particular quality
performed or performing with acoustic rather than electric instruments
a mountain or a hill
a member of a religion formed by Joseph Smith in the US in 1830 , officially called ‘ the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ’
more important , powerful or noticeable than other things
the person in charge of some organizations , clubs , colleges , etc .
used to describe the most expensive of a group of similar products
to believe that sth is important or worth thinking about
new to a job or an activity and therefore without experience or skill
to be sth first , before becoming sth else
able to be accepted by sb
sounding as if it is produced partly through the nose
rather
a natural substance found in meat , eggs , fish , some vegetables , etc . There are many different proteins and they are an essential part of what humans and animals eat to help them grow and stay healthy .
not original ; used too often to be interesting or to sound sincere
wireless application protocol ( a technology that links devices such as mobile phones / cell phones to the Internet )
to sink to a lower level ; to sink lower into the ground
that cannot be found or that is not in its usual place , or at home
the people , activity , etc. from which sb / sth gets most of their support , income , power , etc .
to make sth increase , or become better or more successful
the distance of a place east or west of the Greenwich meridian , measured in degrees
to do sth to reduce or prevent the bad effects of sth
very small and therefore unable to be seen or felt
a piece of music consisting of several songs or tunes played or sung one after the other
to put or hold sb / sth in a comfortable position in a warm or soft place
the process of removing air or liquid from a space or container so that sth else can be sucked into it or so that two surfaces can stick together
a container made of wood , cardboard , metal , etc. with a flat stiff base and sides and often a lid , used especially for holding solid things
to build or make sth such as a road , building or machine
the rate at which a vehicle increases speed
a person or thing that causes trouble or suffering
connected with banquets
to work together secretly or illegally in order to trick other people
not active or growing now but able to become active or to grow in the future
easy to sell ; attractive to customers or employers
used for emphasis when you are comparing things
to free sb / sth from whatever holds them / it in place
angry disagreement between people
in a position to gain from a situation or be affected by it
attended by a lot of people
ideas , statements or beliefs that you think are ridiculous or not true
a light touch made in passing sth / sb
the act of arresting sb
a large area of land that has never been developed or used for growing crops because it is difficult to live there
referring to an earlier noun , sentence or part of a sentence
terrible and without hope
to be in control of sth ; to be the leader of sth
hurry up !
a thing shaped like a column
the sport of moving over snow on a snowboard
extremely amusing
to take place
in the direction that a strong wind is coming fr om
a place where there is a break that is longer than usual in the layers of rock in the earth 's crust
a person who is eligible for sth or to do sth , is able to have or do it because they have the right qualifications , are the right age , etc .
if knowledge , technology , etc. advances , it develops and improves
rough woven material for making mats
a set of answers to exercises or problems
the successful result of a plan , a process or an activity
to keep sb in an official place , such as a police station , a prison or a hospital , and prevent them from leaving
the power to make your own decisions without being controlled by God or fate
the ability to have new and exciting ideas
one of the two sides of a motorway or other large road , used by traffic moving in the same direction
slow to act , move or happen ; late in happening or arriving
a system of organs in the body
an occasion at which you can see a film / movie , a show , etc. before it is shown to the general public
a difficult task that takes a long time and a lot of effort to complete
to make sth happen , especially before other people are ready
carefully chosen as the best out of a larger group of people or things
extremely clever or impressive
full of respect or admiration
to be more important than sth
an idea suggested by a word in addition to its main meaning
to spend a holiday somewhere
an official whose job is to advise the government on policy in a particular area
a long narrow piece of bread , cake , land , etc .
to make a formal judgement about the value of a person 's work , usually after a discussion with them about it
a hope about sth that is not likely to happen
not connected with religion or holy things
used to show that you are annoyed that sb has done sth because it cau ses trouble or difficulty for you
without trees
often not planned in advance and that anyone who wants to can join in
a structure made of metal bars or wire in which animals or birds are kept
a place where buses stop ; the buildings connected with this
to suddenly start or become much stronger
an act of rowing a boat ; the period of time spent doing this
to choose sb to do a particular job by voting for them
a piece of music , usually part of a larger work , that is written for a choir ( = a group of singers )
a large number of people or things grouped together , often in a confused way
to have had more than enough of sb / sth , so that you cannot deal with any more
used instead of himself or herself to refer to a person whose sex is not mentioned or not known
very unpleasant or unkind
a device that controls the amount of fuel that goes into the engine of a vehicle , for example the accelerator in a car
something that fills you with surprise an d admiration
an illness or a medical problem that you have for a long time because it is not possible to cure it
the process of allowing sb to join sth or be a member of a group
made for a period of time that will last a long way into the future
an act of emptying solid waste matter from the bowels
to use less money , time , etc. than you normally use
to make your or sb else 's behaviour seem less offensive by finding reasons for it
the edge of a container or a hollow place in the ground
a word used in the past to refer in a positive way to a person or people who did not live in an advanced human society
an experienced person who advises and helps sb with less experience over a period of time
the central idea of a book , a speech , etc .
to the end ; completely
a situation in which many things are destroyed and many people killed , especially because of a war or a fire
very angry
difficult to do or use because small objects are involved
to burst or explode with a sudden short sound
a way of referring to contraception
a type of large thin book with a paper cover that you can buy every week or month , containing articles , photographs , etc , often on a particular topic
an act of urinating
to find out the group or class that a person or thing belongs to
showing many bright colours that seem to change in different lights
to stop growing or going up
suggesting a lack of clear thought or attention
an official decision in court that a person is not guilty of a crime
that you cannot avoid or prevent
rude and too confident in a way that shows a lack of respect for sb or a sexual interest in sb
to set the controls of a piece of electrical equipment so that it will start to work at a particular time
able to fly
beautiful and making you feel pleasure ; seeming expensive
a person or thing that uses too much of sth in an unnecessary way
arranged neatly and with everything in order
to exist
a very strong feeling of love , hatred , anger , enthusiasm , etc .
the act of stating or expressing sth in words
a person 's young son
a wide range ( of knowledge , interests , etc . )
the mark / grade you get in an exam or in a number of exams
to arrange or pay for sb to attend a school , college , etc .
a language
not able to be played ; impossible to play on or with
wanting to do sth or wanting sth to happen very much
a system consisting of parts that depend on each other
the act or process of making sth that is new , or of causing sth to exist that did not exist before
the act of cancelling a law , etc .
a way of judging or measuring sth
to make sth such as time or money available to sb or for sth , especially when it requires an effort for you to do this
to do extremely well and even better than you usually do
that you can notice or feel with your senses
something that can show what will happen in the future
a complaint about sth
the state of not being worried about anything
nobody or nothing except
to move through water , making soft sounds
the fact of working too hard
a government tax on some goods made , sold or used within a country
to take part in a discussion
not staying at a particular hotel
to make sth start to burn
any large impressive house
a situation in which sb has lost all self-respect and the respect of other people
used in titles for the head of a religious community
to force sb to do sth , by law , because it is a duty , etc .
a period of time leading up to an important event ; the preparation for this
a person who is being taught how to do a particular job
a way of saying any question tag , such as ‘ don 't you ? ’ or ‘ haven 't you ? ’
difficult or too unpleasant to describe
to find out how much sb knows , or what they can do by asking them questions or giving them activities to perform
pages
to make sth less tight or firmly fixed ; to become less tight or firmly fixed
to think that sth is probably true
a small thin pointed piece of metal with a flat head , used for hanging things on a wall or for joining pieces of wood together
the process of removing rubbish and tidying things
in equal parts , amounts , etc .
the possibility that sth will happen
a type of food made from milk that can be either soft or hard and is usually white or yellow in colour ; a particular type of this food
mysterious and difficult to understand
to fit the parts of sth together again after it has been taken apart
a piece of meat from the back or sides of an animal , near the tail
to form part of sth or have an influence on sth
to spend too much money or more than you planned
to wind or twist around sth ; to make sth do this
to irritate or annoy sb
fish that are caught by ships by accident when other types of fish are being caught
to remove all the things from a place and leave it empty
if one thing is associated with another , the two things are connected because they happen together or one thing causes the other
during the journey
a V-shape or a circle cut in an edge or a surface , sometimes used to keep a record of sth
a Japanese system of fighting in which you use your hands and feet as weapons
a material , etc. that is water-repellent is specially treated so that water runs off it rather than going into it
to give a lower value to sth , making it seem less important than it really is
if glass , water , etc. clouds , or if sth clouds it , it becomes less transparent
to make sb have strong feelings of sadness , pity , etc .
used to emphasize how bad or annoying sb / sth is
a small mistake , usually made by being careless or not paying attention
a single stem or piece of straw
the meal , usually consisting of sandwiches , salad and fruit , etc. that you take with you when you go on a picnic
a physical attack , or a series of attacks , on a person or group of people
a small business in which the work is done by people in their homes
quick at learning and understanding things
to accept that sth is true ; to believe sth
the particular character of sth
more than a particular time , amount , cost , etc .
shopping
the action of rubbing and pressing a person 's body with the hands to reduce pain in the muscles and joints
used to speak to a man you do not like
the poor condition of a person 's body or mind
a short journey to find a particular thing or to visit a new place
a strong band of tissue in the body that connects bones and supports organs and keeps them in position
the people who live in a village
connected with or belonging to a nation , race or people that shares a cultural tradition
very noticeable , obvious or strongly expressed
not giving sth enough care and attention
an exciting , usually short , relationship between two people who are in love with each other
a service provided in a hotel , by which guests can order food and drink to be brought to their rooms
to swallow , but without eating or drinking anything , especially because of a strong emotion such as fear or surprise
to perform music so that it can be copied onto and kept on tape
to have a religious faith
the process by which a person 's character and abilities are developed
a continuous pain in your head
to disturb or upset sb severely
to make or shape sth by blowing
having different parts that all agree with each other
made of small parts that are not connected or complete
a single movement from one position to another of sth that is oscillating
to cover metal with zinc in order to protect it from rust
no longer powerful , effective or able to continue
a person with radical opinions
into pieces or parts
to keep sb busy so that they have no time for other things
a child who is active and likes playing tricks on people
talking about yourself in a very proud way
the number , amount , rate of sth , expressed as if it is part of a total which is 100 ; a part or share of a whole
in a very great or impressive way
to bring sth together in one place
a person in your family who lived a long time ago
a thing that grows out of sth else
born dead
used to say what you expect or would like to happen
not wanting to spend much money ; not generous
to destroy sb / sth completely
very great in degree
any object that looks like the shell of a snail or sea creature
at some point along a scale from one amount , weight , distance , etc. to another
used to emphasize that you strongly disagree with sb , or to refuse permission
like treacle
to make people leave sth or stop doing sth , especially by using force
often changing their mind in an unreasonable way so that you cannot rely on them
to attack sb / sth
amusing
having the type of head or number of heads mentioned
the sound or act of crying
a type of food made from flour , water and usually yeast mixed together and baked
to come after sth / sb else in time or order ; to happen as a result of sth else
that follows the original words exactly
to develop over time , often many generations , into forms that are better adapted to survive changes in their environment
to leave school , college , etc. without finishing your studies
raised to a spiritual level
something that is stale has been said or done too many times before and is no longer interesting or exciting
to do what you have promised or agreed to do
knowing sth or carrying sth that you need in order to help you to perform a task
a style of religious singing developed by African Americans
a large building where people who are ill / sick or injured are given medical treatment and care
the function or position that sb has or is expected to have in an organization , in society or in a relationship
the best or only way to achieve sth ; the way a particular person achieves sth
one of the two games or parts of a sports competition that are held to decide who will compete in the last part ( the final )
a shade or small amount of a particular colour ; a faint colour covering a surface
a large fish with silver skin and pink flesh that is used for food . Salmon live in the sea but swim up rivers to lay their eggs .
the act of causing sth to begin or happen
a short piece of music or a talk , etc. that fills this period of time
to believe sth , especially sth surprising or unexpected
arguments and disagreements between people in the same group who are competing for power
a machine that is designed to do a particular thing in the home , such as preparing food , heating or cleaning
to make a hole or a tunnel in the ground by digging
a way of studying a subject that combines being taught in class with the use of different technologies , including learning over the Internet
to want sth to happen and think that it is possible
the power to influence people because they respect your knowledge or official position
if you call sb stupid , you are telling them , usually in a joking way , that you think they are not being very intelligent
located or living near or next to a place or person
to be greater or more important than sth
help
something that shows what sth else is like
that moves towards the heat coming from the aircraft , etc. that it is intended to hit and destroy
to put school students into groups according to their ability
a person who cannot resist sb / sth or likes sb / sth very much
a sweet dish made from fruit , especially a banana cut in two along its length , with cream , ice cream , etc. on top
afraid ; feeling fear
an opening that can be closed by a gate or gates
an artificial part of the body , for example a leg , an eye or a tooth
the direction in which the opinion of a large number of people seems to be moving
physical exercises done in a gym , especially at school
the final stages of sth just before it comes to an end
( in Britain ) a senior police officer who is in charge of the police force in a particular area
used to show that sb is no longer involved in sth
to study or consider sth in detail , especially by repeating it
a set of moral principles or rules of behaviour that are general ly accepted by society or a social group
to work well together
never changing
a place where game s such as tennis are played
a soft food that you put on bread
having straight lines
used with many uncountable nouns to describe a single example or an amount of sth
not present after an accident , battle , etc. but not known to have been killed
used to describe time when you are awake
to support or give strength to sb / sth
to make a tense or painful part of your body feel more comfortable
a flat , usually square , piece of baked clay , carpet or other material that is used in rows for covering walls and floors
the swinging movement you make with your arms and body when you hit the ball in the game of golf
behaving in a confused or strange way , and unable to remember things , because you are old
to risk money on a card game , horse race , etc .
to collect sth because you like it or for a special purpose
to be located in a position that is protected , sheltered or partly hidden
confident in an aggressive way
used water that contains waste substances from homes , factories and farms
starting a race
to give a spoken or written answer to sb / sth
to be discovered to be ; to prove to be
the oldest or youngest age at which you are allowed to do sth
a large ship that carries passengers
the moment when a machine is switched on and starts working
to pay tax on a vehicle so that you may use it on the roads
a sudden strong feeling or expression of an emotion that cannot be controlled
to vomit food
equal in value , amount , meaning , importance , etc .
having a very strong feeling of love or attraction for sb / sth so that you cannot think clearly and in a sensible way
asked only to make a statement or to produce an effect rather than to get an answer
giving generously
an organization for helping people in need
a person , often a member of the clergy , who gives religious talks and often performs religious ceremonies , for example in a church
something that is done in advance in order to prevent problems or to avoid danger
the words spoken by an actor in a play or film / movie
to make known sth that was secret
affected or decided by sth
used before countable or singular nouns referring to people or things that have not already been mentioned
a small amount of a feeling that sb wants to express
earning or providing a lot of money
very clear ; perfect
to make cloth , a carpet , a basket , etc. by crossing threads or strips across , over and under each other by hand or on a machine called a loom
to state firmly and strongly that sth is true
what / which time
a branch of the Christian Church
to become gradually lower or of less value
a strong glove with a wide covering for the wrist , used for example when driving
a journey made by air , especially in a plane
a person whose job is to wear and show new styles of clothes and be photographed wearing them
given free
having knowledge or skill in a particular job or activity
the work of a member of the armed forces , especially during a war
famous and respected , especially in a particular profession
to put together different items , amounts , etc. into a single group or total
kind , helpful and generous
the state of being a woman , rather than a girl
ready and willing to do sth new , difficult or dangerous
to remove a layer , covering , etc. from the surface of sth ; to come off the surface of sth
if you reject , etc. sth out of hand , you do so immediately without thinking about it fully or listening to other people 's arguments
to make a long continuous sound
a small metal bar that is used to fasten a door or a gate . You raise it to open the door , and drop it into a metal hook to fasten it .
a noun , noun phrase or pronoun that refers to a person or thing that is directly affected by the action of a verb
a feeling of great respect or admiration for sb / sth
a large amount of liquid suddenly and quickly flowing or pouring out of sth
to bend the top part of your body forward and raise your shoulders and back
connected with your position in society
a fight between two members of the same family
inside sth / sb
done , chosen , etc. without sb deciding in advance what is going to happen , or without any regular pattern
to make a feeling show clearly on sb 's face , in their actions , etc .
a short thin piece of stiff wire with a sharp point at one end and an item of decoration at the other , worn as jewellery
a sudden strong expression of an emotion
a reduction in the amount , size or activity of sth , especially a business
connected with the sense of sight or the relationship between light and sight
used as a mild swear word by some people to emphasize sth or to show that they are annoyed
by a direct route ; immediately
in addition ; also
to be greater in amount or number than sth / sb else in a place , group , etc .
the system of gutters on a building ; the material used to make gutters
a gear on a bicycle , in a car , etc .
the walls or outer structure of sth , for example , an empty building or ship after a fire or a bomb attack
the part of a pair of trousers / pants that covers the leg
a word used to emphasize that sb / sth can be compared to sb / sth else that is more exciting , more impressive , etc .
a task that has no hope of being done successfully
a small piece of paper , cloth , metal , etc. that sticks out from the edge of sth , and that is used to give information about it , or to hold it , fasten it , etc .
working or performing with a lot of energy and skill
an explosion or a powerful movement of air caused by an explosion
the parts of an area or a place that are a long way from the centre
the organ in the chest that sends blood around the body , usually on the left in humans
to become or make sb become less determined or certain about sth
for or connected with a period of time that is neither long nor short ; in the middle of a particular period
the time when one period of 1 000 years ends and another begins
to move through air or space
not serious or practical
not helped by anyone or anything
extremely good ; excellent
to work at a place or be in charge of a place or a machine ; to supply people to work somewhere
to grow , spread or move in an untidy way in different directions
to put sth together with sth else so as to increase the size , number , amount , etc .
involving a lot of work or activity ; very busy
to find the answer to sth
not convenient
to make an idea , a story , etc. clearer by explaining it further
the extra things that it is traditional to have for a special meal or occasion
an important or famous person
a bad or evil character in a film / movie , book , play , etc .
to become aware of sb 's activities , especially when they have been doing sth bad or illegal
to be closely connected with sth / sb
a product that a company promises to have ready for a customer
one of the main groups that humans can be divided into according to their physical differences , for example the colour of their skin
informal trousers / pants made from strong cotton
a special table that you lie on to have a medical operation in a hospital
in which the water has been naturally heated by the earth
to give or be ready to give help to sb if they need it
young people considered as a group
in a time of sexual activity
to be the reason why sb does or thinks sth
the ordinary men and women of a country rather than those who govern or have a special position in society
a person who is somewhere where they are not wanted
the British Labour Party
to accept advice , instructions , etc. and do what you have been told or shown to do
an official written statement allowing sb to do sth
a thing that is made to be the same as sth else , especially a document or a work of art
very ; extremely
a summary of what has been done or said
having the total cost , or the cost of sth that is mentioned , contained in the price
official orders or measures that prevent people from knowing about , seeing , etc. sth
an object for children to play with
the act of relying on your own efforts and abilities in order to solve your problems , rather than depending on other people for help
of high rank , position or great importance
to ask God to protect sb / sth
a formal promise to do sth or a formal statement that sth is true
having one side lower , smaller , etc. than the other
to say that sth is good or bad
to fall heavily in a particular direction
a written promise to pay back money that sb else owes , or do sth that sb else promised to do , if they cannot do it themselves
to say that sb has done sth wrong or is guilty of sth
an issue or a problem that frequently causes argument and disagreement
to go beyond the limits of what you can believe , understand , etc .
to make or shape sth , especially with your hands
referring to sex in a rude and offensive way
across a street , an open space , etc .
which people in general agree with
tasting , smelling or looking pleasant and fresh
power in a car
to put things away and make things neat , especially for sb else
a person who does deliberate damage to sth to prevent an enemy from using it , or to protest about sth
used , especially by children , to say that what sb says is not the case and the opposite is true
to move into position all around sb / sth , especially so as to prevent them from escaping ; to move sb / sth into position in this way
the way a part of the body moves or functions
a building , vehicle , etc. that is dangerous and could cause sb 's death
a piece of paper money
to accept the authority , control or greater strength of sb / sth ; to agree to sth because of this
not under the control of its owner , rider or driver
the government of a country or control of a group of people by a particular person , group or system
to make use of sth , especially sth bad , as a means of achieving sth , often because there is no other possible solution
the sound that people make when they are surprised or pleased or when they have discovered sth
a sharp blow that can be heard
the ropes , chains , etc. by which a ship or boat is moored
to put sth on a surface with quick light movements
relating to more than one
to come back again
to represent sth in a particular way , for example by symbols
with little or no space in between
to make a formal request to sb in authority , especially by sending them a petition
the result of an action ; what is done by sb
a word meaning ‘ you ’ , used when talking to only one person who is the object of the verb
in the most excellent way ; to the highest standard
not genuine or real
possible
a small part that fits on or over the end of sth
to take sb / sth away in a quick , secret or mysterious way
a situation in a game or competition when two or more players have the same score
to remove a cover or curtain from a painting , statue , etc. so that it can be seen in public for the first time
a young human who is not yet an adult
to make sb annoyed , worried or upset
liking to touch other people a lot
not tied up or in a cage
an extra high gear in a vehicle , that you use when you are driving at high speeds
work that is given by teachers for students to do at home
the quality of being good and of deserving praise , reward or admiration
the fact of sb dying or being killed
used to make question tags ( = short questions at the end of statements )
to do or be better than sb / sth
using few words
the result of adding several amounts together , finding a total , and dividing the total by the number of amounts
happening or existing at the same time
to discuss sth with sb , in order to exchange opinions or get advice
a swear word that people use to show that they are annoyed , disappointed , etc .
to completely change the way that sth is done
to be careful about sth
the process of moving forward to a better position or of making progress
affected by storms and strong winds
to divide an area by crossing it
a way of thinking or explaining sth
a strong feeling such as love , fear or anger ; the part of a person 's character that consists of feelings
important in making sth happen
living ; not dead
( used especially after names ) and other people or things ( from Latin ‘ et alii / alia ’ )
used to ask sb to stop behaving badly
an act of running ; a period of time spent running or the distance that sb runs
with your face and stomach facing upwards / downwards
land and buildings
one of four equal parts of sth
likely to be successful
a person whose job is to serve or help people in a public place
the first , second , etc. road on the left side
to not work as it should
the lowest price that sb will accept
to wash sth with water , especially a part of your body
used to attract sb 's attention to a particular person , thing or fact
in the US , a section of the law dealing with bankruptcy ( = being unable to pay debts ) , that allows companies to stop paying their debts in the normal way while they try to find a solution to their financial problems
connected with the different groups working in politics , especially their policies and the competition between them
to take goods , letters , etc. to the person or people they have been sent to ; to take sb somewhere
all the people or products competing in a particular area of business
knowing a lot
to add decoration to sth
the fact of sth being raised or of sth increasing
to show sth ; to carry sth so that it can be seen
having the type of brim mentioned
to crush or beat sth so that it becomes soft and wet
good enough for a particular purpose
to jump forwards with a lot of force
to prevent sth from happening , developing or making progress
the musical sounds that birds make
to suddenly feel frightened so that you cannot think clearly and you say or do sth stupid , dangerous , etc ; to make sb do this
to show or offer sth for other people to look at or consider
any covering that fits closely over sth for protection
a light strong material that is produced by chemical processes and can be formed into shapes when heated . There are many different types of plastic , used to make different objects and fabrics .
to take money out of a bank account
to be a total of sth
to hit sb lightly on the head or to hit yourself by mistake
the study of cultures of the past , and of periods of history by examining the remains of buildings and objects found in the ground
a short joke or funny remark
to tell sb to do sth , especially in a formal or official way
a way or track that is built or is made by the action of people walking
wet weather ; rain
not restricted or limited
used when people or animals performing an action are also affected by it
a person who tries to find out information about other people 's private lives in a way that is annoying or rude
small sticks of chalk
the space above the ground or that is around things
the amount of sth that a person , a machine or an organization produces
paper , plastic , etc. that is used for wrapping things in
making a lot of noise
letters , packages , etc. that are sent and delivered
a type of accommodation in a hotel , etc. that includes all meals
the liver of some animals that is cooked and eaten
an argument about sth
a fact or an event in nature or society , especially one that is not fully understood
to sit or lie down in a warm or soft place
to spread from person to person
to be d ismissed from a job
full of stars
a full explanation of a theory , plan , etc .
like a miracle ; completely unexpected and very lucky
beautiful
to defeat sb / sth completely
the Celtic language of Wales
the size or measurement of sth from one end to the other
a place where people , especially young people , go and listen to music , dance , etc .
a change from one opinion or situation to another ; the amount by which sth changes
of the sky or of heaven
a vertical piece of furniture or equipment that is fixed or that can be moved to divide a room or to keep one area hidden or separate
a woman who comes from the place mentioned or whose job or interest is connected with the thing mentioned
the fact of a number of people not having a job ; the number of people without a job
a book containing a description of the rules of a language
to make sth change position so that the other side is facing towards the outside or the top
from the very beginning , not using any of the work done earlier
in the opposite direction to the usual one
on all sides of sb / sth
the small pieces of solid matter in a liquid that have fallen to the bottom
without furniture
to think that sth is true or possible , although you are not completely certain
to interrupt sb and stop them from speaking
not based on reason or evidence
loved very much by sb ; very popular with sb
to formally ask for sth in court
a slow relaxed walk
a set of letters in which a language is written
using force or the threat of force
showing that you think you are more important than other people , especially by using long and formal words
to score points by kicking the ball
an act of reducing or cancelling the amount of money that sb has to pay
a continuous row of similar houses that are joined together in one block
a way of pronouncing the words of a language that shows which country , area or social class a person comes from
used when you are expressing pleasure that you have understood sth or found sth out
to make hair very flat and smooth by putting oil , water , etc. on it
tubes or blocks of paint used for painting pictures
the forming of fixed ways of behaving by copying or repeating sth
a group or philosophy that accepts and includes individuals and organizations that have a wide variety of opinions or styles
frequency modulation ( a method of broadcasting high-quality sound by radio )
million ( s )
a person or thing that gives sb a feeling of safety
to notice sth only for a moment
any of the flat surfaces of a solid object
fairly easy to see through
coming from within a thing itself rather than from outside it
belonging to the system , or connected with the ideas that most people accept or believe in
having no strength or feeling
the work of providing medical services
to move sth somewhere with a gentle movement
not formal
to put information into a computer using a keyboard
very small ; much smaller than usual
to receive sth
a reason given to a court for doing or not doing sth
having very fixed beliefs and being unlikely or unwilling to change them
to end a relationship with sb
sleeping
to suddenly start running ; to start running faster than before
connected with being a father ; typical of a kind father
strong feelings , especially of anger or excitement
a station for passengers to get on or off buses or taxis
the act of looking closely at sth / sb , especially to check that everything is as it should be
to write or draw sth with chalk
having developed particular abilities and ways of behaving at a much younger age than usual
having many different uses
used to express the cost or amount of sth for each person , number used , distance travelled , etc .
a route used by ships or aircraft on regular journeys
in the habit of doing sth
the act of adopting a child
to promise sincerely that you will definitely do sth , keep to an agreement or arrangement , etc .
the beginning of sth , especially sth unpleasant
spread or put on the body using a ball that moves around in the top of a bottle or container
sleep
very strict and that must be obeyed
used to introduce a list of things that explain sth more clearly or are given as examples
in favour of new ideas , modern methods and change
to see or notice a person or thing , especially suddenly or when it is not easy to do so
short wave
a feeling about sth important
something that remains or results from a situation in the past
important and noticeable
an animal or a person that is being hunted or followed
an argument or a disagreement between two people , groups or countries ; discussion about a subject where there is disagreement
a person who is very good at doing sth
in the form of drawings or diagrams
a break in a relati onship between people or countries
to make sth that is wrong or unfair seem acceptable
used to add extra information to a statement
the male of any animal in the cow family
comfortable and relaxed
frost , considered as a person
to have power over a person , company , country , etc. so that you are able to decide what they must do or how it is run
sad , quiet and unhappy
very calm and in control of yourself
final ; not able to be changed
the right of a parent who is divorced or separated from his or her partner to visit a child who is living with the partner
to hit your foot against sth while you are walking or running and almost fall
having a moral or legal duty to do sth SYN obliged
not eaten
not married and not having sex , especially for religious reasons
to be able to be kept at a very low temperature
connected with religion or with a particular religion
connected with a system of paying for a service just before you use it rather than paying for it later
a unit for measuring the strength of the wind
to exchange money for the same amount in different coins or notes
a course of action that can be used , if necessary , to make people obey a law or behave in a particular way
( used when you are comparing two or more things or situations ) making the small changes that are necessary for each individual case , without changing the main points
located behind or at the back of sth
as a result ; therefore
the process of a gas becoming solid
a race or competition that sb has taken part in
the place or situation in which
to get the juice out of fruit or vegetables
to remove the lid , undo the fastening , etc. of a container , etc. in order to see or get what is inside
enough of sth for a particular purpose
not making people interested or excited
a plant with dark green leaves that have a fresh smell and taste and are added to food and drinks to give flavour , and used in cooking as a herb and to decorate food
extremely happy
to cook food , especially meat , without liquid in an oven or over a fire ; to be cooked in this way
used in the names of some organizations that give help and money to people in need
the state of being able to use your senses and mental powers to understand what is happening
to move lightly and quickly ; to make sth move in this way
a set of clothes that you wear together , especially for a particular occasion or purpose
air containing sth that makes it difficult to see through it
the place where a plant or animal usually lives ; the place where sb / sth can be found
that you can rely on ; having a strong basis
the way in which the parts of sth such as the page of a book , a garden or a building are arranged
if sb pays lip service to sth , they say that they approve of it or support it , without proving their support by what they actually do
used to show that you agree with what has been said
used with I and we for talking about or predicting the future
a continuous description of an event , especially a sporting event , that sb gives as it happens
needing a great amount of physical or mental effort
to not give enough attention to sth
to plant seeds in an area of ground
a group of male friends who often go out together
in a strange or unusual way
in a good , right or acceptable way
a substance with a strong smell that is used in making some perfumes . It is produced naturally by a type of male deer .
controlled by a computer , so that it appears to act in an intelligent way
different from the previous one
that cannot be clearly seen , heard or smelt
the star that shines in the sky during the day and gives the earth heat and light
an offensive way of referring to a woman
necessary as part of sb 's duties
involving using the hands or physical strength
with a lot of force or effort
( in writing ) division
willing or pleased to do sth
in the style of jazz
the way that sb appears or behaves , especially when this is very different from their real feelings or character
a drink made by boiling barley in water . It is usually flavoured with orange or lemon .
showing that what you are saying is private or secret
to give sth to sb / sth
something that temporarily stops an activity or a situation ; a time when an activity is stopped
to make sth sharp or smooth by rubbing it against a hard surface
to make people stop respecting sb / sth
not understanding a situation or what is happening
to make yourself , another person or a place look neater or more attractive
to result in some advantage or profit for sb
to give people information about sth that you have heard , seen , done , etc .
to provide sb with a different home to live in
to give sb / sth to sb in order to be taken care of
an area within which the force mentioned has an effect
to give sb / sth a particular name , often in a humorous or critical way
a place where sth happens or exists ; the position of sth
to offer or express sth in speech or writing
to multiply a number by itself
relating to the future
the feeling of being grateful for sth
higher than normal
to cover a particular area , distance or length of time
happening by chance ; doing sth by chance
to put or keep sb / sth in a place where they / it cannot be seen or found
a track , sign or smell that is left behind and that can be followed , especially in hunting
to talk about or study a subject until there is nothing else to say about it
offered to people so that they can consider or discuss it
not bought by anyone
to tell sb to leave or stay away from a place or person , especially in a threatening way
a narrow flat shelf fixed to a wall , especially one below a window
a legal document that is signed by a judge and gives the police authority to do sth
something a person often does
a hard hit made with the fist ( = closed hand )
a change from one system , method , policy , etc. to another
a sheltered area of water providing a safe harbour for boats
that cannot be allowed
the people who run and control a business or similar organization
if sth is in sb 's favour , it gives them an advantage or helps them
the activity of voting
not bright in colour
not involving biology or living things
be made up of
to have or require sth when used in a sentence or other structure
the practice of using professional players in sport
not clearly belonging to a particular social class
used to state the rate at which sth happens
used to say in a polite way that you are sorry if what you are doing or saying seems rude or silly
to make a short angry sound
farm animals , such as cows and sh eep , that are kept for their meat , wool , etc .
( especially in Britain ) a person who teaches at a university or college
grateful to sb for helping you
used with too and an adjective or adverb to mean ‘ not at all ’ or ‘ not very ’
something that provides a standard against which other things are compared and / or judged
to begin a job , task , etc. with a particular aim or goal
a person who thinks that a particular quality or type of behaviour is very important and expects other people to think and behave in the same way
to have a particular opinion about sth
a line , for example in sb 's handwriting , that is drawn or written in a careless way with twists and curls in it
to accept behaviour that is morally wrong or to treat it as if it were not serious
in a disgusting way
the strength and power of feelings
in this way ; like this
people who believe in a religion ; the loyal supporters of a political party
used to refer to sb / sth that is connected with a person , especially when you have a particular attitude towards it or them
something that is given to sb without payment , usually by a company
to arrive at a place
employed by a group of lawyers , architects or accountants while training to become qualified
the fact of having or expressing opinions that are different from those that are officially accepted
a person who offers to do sth without being forced to do it
a person who is attractive or kind
the time when the greatest number of people are watching television or listening to the radio
a thing of value , especially property , that a person or company owns , which can be used or sold to pay debts
angry , and behaving in a threatening way ; ready to attack
involving two political parties
to help sb during a difficult period by providing what they need
freedom to live as you choose without too many restrictions from government or authority
the period or season of gathering grapes for making wine
a physical condition in which your heart beats very quickly and in an irregular way
to live in sb 's house for a short time , especially when you do not have a bed there
to admit that sth is true , although you may not like or agree with it
the process of paying to keep furniture , etc. in a special building until you want it
to suggest that sth is true or likely
strange and showing a lot of imagination
a large number or amount of sb / sth ; plenty
a section of a large organization that deals with one particular activity
to go away from a place and leave it empty
the act of expressing disapproval of sb / sth and opinions about their faults or bad qualities ; a statement showing disapproval
work , especially when it is done to earn money ; the state of being employed
a piece of music written by a famous composer and usually followed by a number that shows when it was written
the process of becoming discoloured
a box , bottle , etc. in which sth can be stored or transported
the act of hitting sb with your head
planned in advance and not natural or genuine ; written or arranged in a way that is not natural or realistic
to stop working
solid and liquid waste matter passed from the body
to make sth / sb warm or warmer ; to become warm or warmer
to feel annoyed and impatient about sth , especially because it limits what you can do
an act of breaking sth noisily into pieces ; the sound this makes
a person who sleeps in a particular way
how hard sth is
if two things are confusable , it is easy to confuse them
money made of metal
a person or company that grows plants , fruit or vegetables to sell
a person considered separately rather than as part of a group
a person whose job is to manage and organize the public or business affairs of a company or an institution
a mark like a line on sb 's skin that people usually get as they get older
something , especially money , that can be obtained from a particular situation in an easy or a dishonest way
anything or nothing at all
wearing shoes of the type mentioned
to not pass a test or an exam ; to decide that sb / sth has not passed a test or an exam
Saturday and Sunday , or a slightly longer period , as a holiday / vacation
even and regular , without sudden stops and starts
to continue doing sth that has already been started ; to continue being done
a cover or top for a pen , bottle , etc .
to argue angrily and usually for a long time about sth
a large strong box , usually made of wood , used for storing things in and / or moving them from one place to another
a very good stroke , shot , etc. in a sport
to place or keep sth in a particular position
the outer layer of an organ in the body , especially the brain
big or fat
connected with the words of a song
( used in the name of a company ) Brothers
one another is used when you are saying that each member of a group does sth to or for the other people in the group
carried in ships
to say or state sth , especially officially
to attach or fix sth to sth else
a person or company that refines substances such as sugar or oil
the way in which sth is done that most people in a society expect and consider to be polite or the right way to do it
to divide sth into two or more parts and share it between different people , activities , etc .
to want
a person or thing that is very popular
to cover an area of ground with turf
to refuse to obey or show respect for sb in authority , a law , a rule , etc .
happening or existing in the sea , not far from the land
a person or thing that builds , creates or develops sth
to move around freely
a part of sth larger
a self-fulfilling prophecy is one that becomes true because people expect it to be true and behave in a way that will make it happen
to expect or demand sth
a situation or thing that is boring or that annoys you
speaking the language mentioned
connected with the stomach
to examine sth carefully in order to understand it
rather stupid
of or inside a particular country ; not foreign or international
to make sb / sth use all their effort , abilities , supplies , etc .
the activity of applying scientific knowledge to the design , building and control of machines , roads , bridges , electrical equipment , etc .
a set of attitudes or fixed ideas that sb has and that are often difficult to change
a place where you can get information
with the front part or surface facing upwards / downwards
the fastest speed at which a horse can run , with a stage in which all four feet are off the ground together
to officially remove sb from their job
having a sharp exciting quality
the feeling that a difficult or an unpleasant experience has come to an end or been dealt with in an acceptable way
to help sb by doing what they ask or what you know they want
a grey or white horse
a person like sb
playing golf ; connected with golf
two people or things
the highest limit or amount of sth
the written records of the financial affairs of a business
a person or spirit that gives a writer , painter , etc. ideas and the desire to create things
made to be thrown away after use
to find out about sth ; to find some information about sth
small business expenses that you pay yourself , with your employer paying you back later
to pull sth gently apart into separate pieces
a written promise that you will pay sb the money you owe them ( a way of writing ‘ I owe you ’ )
used to stop people arguing with you or criticizing you
to make a lot of plants , animals , etc. die
the number that you get when you multiply a number by itself twice
a person who is qualified to perform religious duties and ceremonies in the Roman Catholic , Anglican and Orthodox Churches
a question to be decided in court
used without a noun immediately after it to show who is the older of two people
used in the name of a business company that is made up of a number of smaller companies
a little more or less than ; a little before or after
in a happy , cheerful way
changing shape easily when pressed ; not stiff or firm
to come to an end ; to be completely used up
( in Britain ) the title used by a lord
managed smoothly and well
a way of hitting a ball in which the inner part of the hand ( = the palm ) faces the ball as it is hit
an item or a number of items to be sold , especially at an auction
to play , fight , etc. together as opponents in a competition
to be unable to decide what to do about sth or what you think about sth
for yourself
a regular amount of money that you earn , usually every week , for work or services
to make light , a shadow , etc. appear in a particular place
to make a short , aggressive or violent movement with a finger or pointed object
made of many different things or parts that are connected ; difficult to understand
harmful or annoying to other people , or to society in general
used before a number to mean ‘ approximately ’ , ‘ just below or above ’
the offence of touching the ball with your hands
feeling or showing love and affection for sb / sth
broadcast at the time of an actual event ; played or recorded at an actual performance
the division between two qualities or conditions
the act of preventing sth from growing or developing
containing or like grit
to give a number to sth as part of a series or list
difficult to get rid of or deal with
a place that is safe and peaceful where people or animals are protected
to give information about sb / sth that is not true or complete so that other people have the wrong impression about them / it
a place , usually including buildings , used for a particular purpose or activ ity
dark cloth with white vertical lines printed on it ; a suit made from this cloth
the handle of a sword , knife , etc .
to go higher in the sky
a list of sports teams , countries , schools , etc. that shows their position in a competition , etc .
suffering from rabies
to imagine and think about sth that you would like to happen
to cover sb / sth with a wet or sticky substance
extremely wet
to be a sign that sth exists or is likely to happen
a long straight piece of metal or wood . Bars are often used to stop sb from getting through a space .
strong and made well
to use or spend a lot of time , money , energy , etc .
a particular kind of thing
large and round . ‘ Full ’ is sometimes used to avoid saying ‘ fat ’ .
a rank or position of authority in an organization or a society
that you have when you are born
the form of a pronoun or verb used when addressing sb
doing pieces of work for different people rather than a regular job
to plan an activity , a project etc. for a time in the future
after
( especially on a map ) port
a building used for the worship of a god or gods , especially in religions other than Christianity
increasing , often in a manner that causes or expresses anxiety
a thing that you use to fasten clothes , bags , etc . It consists of two rows of metal or plastic teeth that you can pull together to close sth or pull apart to open it .
to leave sb in a place from which they hav e no way of leaving
very quickly or more quickly than usual
to think that sb / sth is not good enough to deserve your respect
to play first ; to play sth as your first card
the time when you leave a hotel at the end of your stay
to begin again ; to start doing sth again
joined onto a bedroom and for use only by people in that bedroom
used for addressing sb in a friendly , or sometimes a rude way
a piece of writing that has been translated into a different language ; the particular way in which it has been translated
dried up and dead
not big ; small ; smaller than others
afraid of doing sth or being involved in sth
a bed big enough for one person
a conversation in which two people talk honestly about their feelings and personal problems
something that looks like a mass of small bubbles on liquid
injured physically
built to be fixed into a particular space
used after a list to show that there are other things that you could have mentioned ( the abbreviation for ‘ et cetera ’ )
the feeling of being upset and annoyed
to make sb else responsible for sth you should do or sth bad that you have done
a bird of prey ( = a bird that kills other creatures for food ) with large round eyes , that hunts at night . Owls are traditionally thought to be wise .
a basic rule or principle ; an essential part
a small boat made of rubber or plastic that is filled with air
shared by two or more people
to stop sb in order to talk to them
an active and aggressive man
to throw sth / sb violently in a particular direction
to have the right qualities to be described as a particular thing
connected with movement of the body that is produced by muscles ; connected with the nerves that control movement
meat that has been cut into long strips and smoked or dried
a legal agreement that allows you to use a building , a piece of equipment or some land for a period of time , usually in return for rent
a pile
to find a mistake or a weakness in sb / sth
a particular city , town , building , etc .
the centre of the target that you shoot or throw at in shooting , archery or darts ; a shot or throw that hits this
( used when you are giving a figure that is not exact ) approximately
to move along quickly
things that are true rather than things that have been invented
very important and having a lot of influence
a period of time that sb spends in prison
the act of protecting sb / sth ; the state of being protected
having confidence in yourself and your abilities
the series of computer slides ( = images ) that accompany the talk when sb gives a presentation at a meeting
a short walk
a type of cloth with a smooth shiny surface
to give sb a drug , often in their food or drink , in order to make them unconscious ; to put a drug in food , etc .
an amount of food that is large enough for one person
when ; whenever ; every time
an activity that is designed to achieve a particular result
at the home of
a British coin worth five pence
wrong or mistaken , because it is based on sth that is not true or correct
to make a loud high unpleasant noise as it moves
the male owner of a dog
to give a machine instructions to do a particular task
a series of rulers of a country who all belong to the same family
to arrive somewhere ; to be received
connected with or belonging to a town , city or district that has its own local government
to quickly push your fingers or another object into sb / sth
Liberal Democrat
one of the smaller parts into which a part of sth has been divided
small and having a beautiful shape or appearance
a medical operation on the heart in which blood is directed along a different route so that it does not flow through a part that is damaged or blocked ; the new route that the blood takes
enjoying playing tricks and annoying people
to say sth directly to sb
a situation in which people push , fight or compete with each other in order to get or do sth
to wait for sb / sth
used to refer to the first of two things or people mentioned
doubt or confusion about sth
to wash yourself under a shower
to make sb laugh a lot
a separate part that a process , etc. is divided into
a movement performed with care and skill
the fact of being careful and paying great attention to detail
covered with powder
difficult to deal with because people have very different ideas about it
to create a copy of an activity , a situation , etc. so that you can study it before dealing with the real thing
a statement of what may , must or must not be done in a particular situation or when playing a game
a person who is paid to work for sb
something , such as a large building , that you can see clearly from a distance and that will help you to know where you are
intended to bring sth to an end
to behave towards sb as though you are more important and more intelligent than they are
pink or red in colour , like coral
an area of land where large amounts of waste material are buried under the earth
looking or sounding sad and serious ; making you think of death
the act of deciding that sth is not possible
a hollow metal device for heating rooms . Radiators are usually connected by pipes through which hot water is sent .
a complete circular movement around a point , especially of one planet around another
the fact of a part of the body not working normally
a person who can swim ; a person who is swimming
one of the levels of achievement in a British university degree exam
an attack or period of illness
too small ; without much space
a number puzzle in which you have to put numbers into white spaces in a diagram so that their total is the number given in a black space
to order sb to come to a place
a boyfriend or girlfriend
a product , usually a book , which is bought by large numbers of people
a very tall plant with large yellow flowers , grown in gardens or for its seeds and their oil that are used in cooking
to state officially that sth is useful and of an acceptable standard
to fail to do sth that you legally have to do , especially by not paying a debt
to make sb / sth lose all their money , their position , etc .
to be damaged or injured by the sun , heat , acid , etc ; to damage or injure sb / sth in this way
done in a way that makes your own achievements or abilities seem unimportant
a small insect that bites humans and animals and sucks their blood . There are several types of tick , some of which can carry diseases .
a person considered only as sb who needs to be provided with food
of this
the state of not being involved in sth in an emotional or personal way
not shiny
a physical fight between two people or groups of people , especially when one of them is trying to escape , or to get sth from the other
a thin layer of coal or other material , between layers of rock under the ground
a person or an organization that is used to hide an illegal or secret activity
painted , written , etc. by the artist rather than copied
serious in manner , as if sth sad , important or worrying has just happened
a situation in which people are made to feel very anxious , causing them to act quickly and without thinking carefully
to tear sth apart with force or violence
an outer appearance of a particular quality that hides the true nature of sb / sth
to leave a person or place
to guess or suppose sth using the evidence you have , without definitely knowing
work that is part of your job
to move around in a busy way or to hurry sb in a particular direction
used before could , may or might to suggest sth or to interrupt sb politely
something that sb tells you to do
to go or move somewhere suddenly with great force ; to come from somewhere suddenly
smaller than is usual for things of the same kind
pleasant and amusing but looking as if they might do sth wrong
with no interest charged on money borrowed
that might exist or happen but is not certain to
in a small size
the form of a noun , a pronoun or an adjective used when talking to a person or thing
connected with the practical use of machinery , methods , etc. in science and industry
to build or form a bridge over sth
to make sth smooth and shiny by rubbing it
happening as a result of sth
professional
a statement that makes sth seem less important , impressive , serious , etc. than it really is
to tell a person in authority about a crime , an accident , an illness , etc. or about sth bad that sb h as done
connected with Christians
making very little noise
the production of goods from raw materials , especially in factories
to be faster , better or more successful than sb you are competing against
from a st anding or vertical position to a sitting or horizontal one
not fully awake or thinking clearly , sometimes because you have taken a drug
that you cannot predict or foresee
having no worries or responsibilities
in a way that people in general are not aware of
a chemical that kills bacteria , used as an antiseptic and as a disinfectant ( = to prevent infection from spreading )
to be a typical feature of sth
that never fails ; always doing what it is supposed to do
to provide people with sth they need , such as shops / stores , or a transport system
the act of throwing sth , especially a ball or dice
used to express surprise , pleasure , admiration or sympathy , or when you disagree with sb
when sth unpleasant or dangerous lurks , it is present but not in an obvious way
to be replaced by sth
the highest temperature reached during a particular day , week , etc .
to go with or in front of a person or an animal to show the way or to make them go in the right direction
to do hard physical work
an act of saying that you are willing to do sth for sb or give sth to sb
food for animals or plants
the right to enter or the act of entering a building , an institution , etc .
a device that changes an electronic signal into a form that people can understand , such as sound and pictures
to decide which type or group sb / sth belongs to
to experience the effects or results of sth , often strongly
going past
a group of countries or states that are controlled by one ruler or government
the land along the edge of the sea or ocean , a lake or another large area of water
nearer to the end of a period of time than the beginning
the fact of working on your own or in a small independent company rather than as an employee of the government or a large company
easily damaged or broken
able to dissolve another substance , or be dissolved in another substance
a beautiful or wonderful person or thing
of poor quality ; below an acceptable standard
a horse of a dark brown colour
a situation or a period of time in which there is no war or violence in a country or an area
one or the other of two ; it does not matter which
something that covers a part of a person 's body or a dangerous part of a machine to prevent injury
to be sold for a particular price
words that show approval of or admiration for sb / sth
to make sb feel a slight pain as if they were being pricked
to keep going on and off as it shines or burns
the real or intended meaning or purpose of sth
a flower ( usually one on a plant that people admire for its flowers )
to give particular information or instructions
added to
very clearly and in great detail
to succeed in putting sth into a small space or a place where it does not fit very easily
a person who is so famous that they will be remembered for ever
to push or squeeze part of a device , etc. in order to make it work
to form an idea , a plan , etc. in your mind ; to i magine sth
something that seems to prove that sb has done sth wrong or illegal
poor and dirty in appearance
a bar fixed to the wall for hanging things on
drops of liquid that form on your skin when you are hot
a good or true reason for saying , doing or believing sth
something that you achieved
a sudden feeling of sth such as joy or fear
to show that sb has a particular quality
done in order to prepare for sth
completely familiar with sth
a ride on sb 's back , while he or she is walking
to form the edge or limit of an area
to celebrate or officially remember an event that you consider to be important
in a way that is without difficulties or problems
twice as much or as many
caused by yourself
to come or go back from one place to another
acceptable
a large amount of money that is the most valuable prize in a game of chance
a part in a machine that is used for hitting sth very hard or for lifting or moving things
an act of hitting sb / sth with the side of your hand in a quick downward movement
to spend or waste a lot of money on sth
to start to produce the results that are intended
to murder an important or famous person , especially for political reasons
to sell your business or a part of your business
used to emphasize the great degree of sth
having a greater than average height
used to say that you are very happy for sb to have sth because you definitely do not want it
in a way that is connected with one particular person rather than a group of people
a substance produced in the body when you are excited , afraid or angry . It makes the heart beat faster and increases your energy and ability to move quickly .
to appear somewhere again
a type of soft fine knitted cloth used for making clothes
unpleasant or of poor quality
something that you eat , drink or use together with sth else
to block , fill or close a hole , an opening , etc .
the shape of a person seen from a distanc e or not clearly
a situation in which there is a lack of friendly feelings o r of a close relationship between two people or groups of people
able to resist great heat without burning or being badly damaged
a race over one mile
to state that there is a connection or relationship between two things or people
a person or thing that is the best , or in first place in a race , business , etc .
a personal reason for wanting sth to happen , especially because you get some advantage from it
to throw sth lightly or carelessly
made , trained or educated in your own country , town , etc .
a person who is boring , wears clothes that are not fashionable , does not know how to behave in social situations , etc .
to not do sth until a later time or to make sth happen at a later time
done in an obvious and open way without caring if people are shocked
dislike of or opposition to a plan , an idea , etc ; refusal to obey
following in order or importance after sb / sth
to do sth before it can be done by sb else
by which ; because of which
a type of court that can decide on disagreements between employees and employers
apart from
a person who admires people in the higher social classes too much and has no respect for people in the lower social classes
to understand sth ; to see the reasons for sth
if you tense your muscles , or you or your muscles tense , they become tight and stiff , especially because you are not relaxed
a sudden flash of light or colour shining from a bright surface
a device that is placed inside a car engine , clock , radio , etc. and that produces the electricity that makes it work
without thinking carefully before doing sth
( of a substance , especially a drug ) that people take so that they will be more successful in a sports competition
to run , drive , etc. after sb / sth in order to catch them
an award presented by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts
to receive an electronic signal and change it into pictures that can be shown on a television screen
the way in which a machine , a system , an organization , etc. works
showing a belief that you are worth more than other people
the activity of writing letters
to wait for a short time
a thing that you have promised or agreed to do , or that you have to do
to work with other people in order to complete a task
showing no emotion
a person who has been given the authority to represent sb else
a group of soldiers , ships , etc. sent away from a larger group , especially to do special duties
done without preparation or planning
a person who is in a position of authority in the armed forces
the normal order and way in which you regularly do things
a game or match that a person or team has to win in order to enter a particular competition
working or done secretly in order to find out information for the police , a government , etc .
to not do sth that you usually do or should do
one of a set number of chances before a player is out of a game
to make or produce a work of art
spending a lot more money or using a lot more of sth than you can afford or than is necessary
a large number of people or things , especially when they are organized in some way or involved in a particular activity
a period of time when you let a house or other property to sb else
something that you say
a garden tool like a very large pair of scissors , used for cutting bushes and hedges
allowing or showing a freedom of behaviour that many people do not approve of , especially in sexual matters
an official organization that is part of a larger organization and has a special purpose
the real importance of a feeling or experience
( especially in Australia ) a doctor who travels in an aircraft to visit patients who live far from a town
a short experience of sth
to stop working ; to be destroyed
to affect sb badly or to punish them , especially by making them lose money
a person or thing that copies sb / sth else
a sudden attack
a person who is extremely enthusiastic about sth
an arrangement that helps to prevent disaster if sth goes wrong
to end or make sth end
having another colour showing through or mixed with the main colour
the quality of a particular situation , problem , etc. that makes it more noticeable than before
concerned with the protection of the environment ; supporting the protection of the environment as a political principle
the direction that a boat with sails takes as it sails at an angle to the wind in order to fill its sails
to become less determined , strong , etc .
to suddenly become very annoyed or offended at what sb says or does
a place , person or thing that provides shelter or protection for sb / sth
a public performance of music
to remain in good condition
a solution to a problem in which two or more things cannot exist together as they are , in which each thing is reduced or changed slightly so that they can exist together
to state sth indirectly
the people who go on an expedition
very great and affecting you deeply
used to say that the result of a situation is uncertain and that there is a possibility that sth bad or unpleasant will happen
on or to a place on the outside of sth
a thing that sb has made , especially sth that shows ability or imagination
used to emphasize that sth is very true or obvious
to express an opinion in an editorial
done in a way that makes people notice it
a high open area of land that is not used for farming , especially an area covered with rough grass and heather
a written or spoken piece of information , etc. that you send to sb or leave for sb when you cannot speak to them yourself
to argue about things that are not important
shiny and black
food in the form of a thick liquid made by crushing fruit or cooked vegetables in a small amount of water
one of the small circles of wool that you make around the needle when you are knitting
to gradually become completely flat
a suitable time or situation when you have the opportunity to do sth
a person or thing belonging to a particular group
particular work that you feel it is your duty to do
to make an illness go away
to perform a particular action
to make a tape , CD , etc. produce sound
to go slower or make a vehicle go slower using the brake
something that is wrong with a machine , vehicle , etc .
a person who takes care of their child or children without a husband , wife or partner
not showing much interest in sb / sth
sure that sth is true or that sth is going to happen and stating it to other people
the act of employing sb
the speed of sth in a particular direction
to change an opinion , a habit , etc .
to make a mistake with sth
the piece of metal inside a bell that hits the sides and makes the bell ring
the act of stating , using or claiming sth strongly
to free sb / sth from sth that has become wrapped or twisted around it or them
the skin of a baked potato
by a particular person rather than by sb acting for them
very bad ; unpleasant
to stop being careful about how you look and dress , etc .
a meeting that you have arranged with a boyfriend or girlfriend or with sb who might become a boyfriend or girlfriend
to leave the track ; to make a train do this
a very small amount of liquid , in a thin stream
used to introduce a summary when you have mentioned a number of different things
further advanced than sb / sth ; in front of sb , for example in a race or competition
to this degree
to make sth start or happen , usually sth official
using telepathy
a hot drink made from coffee powder and boiling water . It may be drunk with milk and / or sugar added .
all the personal websites that exist on the Internet , viewed as a network of people communicating with each other
the letters a person sends and receives
to move quickly and suddenly to one side in order to avoid sb / sth
showing that you are not really looking at or thinking about what is happening around you
just beginning to form and therefore not clear or developed
used to introduce the second part of a comparison or ratio
to think or form an opinion about sth
not part of the usual course of work or studies at a school or college
quotation marks that a writer puts around a word or phrase to show that it is used in an unusual way , usually one that the writer does not agree with
a long heavy piece of wood used in building a house or ship
a group of five musicians or singers who play or sing together
a type of soft light cloth , containing cotton or wool , used for making clothes
courage , determination or energy
to make an unpleasant noise by rubbing against a hard surface ; to make sth do this
to explode , or to make a bomb or other device explode
a thing , amount , word , etc. that is equivalent to sth else
to be used later
to receive a relatively light punishment
a place that people visit because it is connected with sb / sth that is important to them
to tell the true facts about a person or a situation , and show them / it to be immoral , illegal , etc .
to stop sth such as violent behaviour or protests
not one nor the other of two things or people
intended as punishment
an occasion in a club when anyone can sing , play music or tell jokes
relating to a throw that puts the ball into play again after it has gone out of play
to form words correctly from individual letters
operated by a form of energy such as electricity or by the type of energy mentioned
a thing that you put on the end of sth to close it
a clever action that sb / sth performs as a way of entertaining people
to be very shocking or harmful to sb / sth
an act of encouraging sb or of reminding sb to do sth
a person or group whose actions are controlled by another
much more than average in degree or quantity
used to refer to sb who has been asleep for a long time
beautiful , sad or frightening in a way that cannot be forgotten
a person who is opposed to political or social change
to take too much of a drug at one time , so that it is dangerous
a person who has no home or job and who asks other people for money or food
a mark that is left on the skin after a wound has healed
to crash a vehicle
a sharp pull or twist
an enlargement of a photograph , picture or design
to start to talk about sth that is not connected with the main point of what you are saying
rude and offensive ; criticizing rudely and unfairly
something that sb buys to add to what they already own , usually sth valuable
used in negative sentences to mean ‘ to be unwilling to do sth ’
to cheat sb
an unusual trick or unnecessary device that is intended to attract attention or to persuade people to buy sth
to go to the physical position that is necessary for an activity
to open a shop / store , theatre , etc. again , or to be opened again , after being closed for a period of time
a man 's white bow tie , also used to mean very formal evening dress for men
very ugly or unpleasant
seeming unfriendly and frightening and likely to cause harm or danger
waste material that has been thrown away
to test sb / sth again
a place where waste or rubbish / garbage is taken and left
to flow
the position of being a member of a sports team
done while sb is working in a job , in order to learn new skills
in an honest and direct way that people might not like
making you feel extremely shocked , disgusted or frightened
with a range of notes similar to that of a tenor voice
serious and often involving a lot of action in a short period of time
to have sb / sth as parts or members
agreement to , or permission for sth , especially a plan or request
to have an angry and bitter argument with sb over a long period of time
to cry or complain about sth in a loud high voice
to bring a business , an activity , etc. to an end gradually over a period of time
an agreement between countries , political parties , etc. to work together in order to achieve sth that they all want
a person , an organization or a thing that protects sb / sth
if you ring a bell or if a bell rings , it produces a sound
a sudden period of wild and violent behaviour , often causing damage and destruction
to use words to express sth
a tune , especially the main tune in a piece of music written for several instruments or voices
advice , especially given by older people or experts ; a piece of advice
covering a large area ; great in amount
not approved of by the normal rules of society
to fix an idea , attitude , etc. firmly in sb 's mind
not in a good situation
to make a movement which has a particular shape ; to form a particular shape
a large or capital city , especially Delhi , Kolkata , Mumbai or Chennai
to give sb the extra time to do sth that they want to do
a musical instrument with strings , that you hold under your chin and play with a bow . A viola is larger than a violin and plays lower notes .
connected with language or the scientific study of language
unfriendly and aggressive
not needing much attention or effort
to be , remain or be kept in a particular state
needing to be dealt with immediately
correctly following the rules of grammar
a particular task or piece of work that you have to do
excellent ; of good quality
to arrest or capture sb
a narrow opening in sth , especially one that lets light through
a type of beer , especially one made in a particular place
to show or suggest sth
to carry sb somewhere on a stretcher
to a greater degree than sth else ; to a greater degree than usual
the very unpleasant nature of sth , especially when it is shocking or frightening
to have a period of time as a break from work
in bad health because of a lack of food or a lack of the right type of food
likely to change suddenly ; easily becoming dangerous
to move quickly in a particular direction , especially in a vehicle
a person who has suddenly left or escaped from sb / sth , especially a child who has left home without telling anyone
a demand or pressure placed on sb / sth
thick and smooth like cream ; containing a lot of cream
morally unacceptable
wanting to start the career or activity that is mentioned
used to emphasize how bad sth is
the movement of large numbers of people , birds or animals from one place to another
to get money , food , etc. regularly from other people without doing anything for them or offering to pay
to make or repair shoes
to make sb appear for trial
immoral and unpleasant
the act of using force to control a group of people and restrict their freedom
for all future time
the first of the bases that players must touch
appearing or written on the screen of a computer , television or cinema / movie theater
to spend a period of time doing sth
the final details that are added to sth to make it complete
without getting what you wanted ; without taking sth to sb
the process of giving birth to a baby
rain , snow , etc. that falls ; the amount of this that falls
used about a sum of money to emphasize how large it is
a section giving extra information at the end of a book or document
a large thick piece of fish
a period during which young people train in the armed forces
to fire shells at sth
having or containing a large nu mber or amount of sth
to escape from sb / sth
to order sb to leave a place , especially a country , as a punishment
to do sth badly or spoil sth
that has been admitted or stated in public
joined together as a political unit or by shared aims
a small room that is made by separating off part of a larger room
the crime of stealing sth from a person or place
a piece of clothing that covers the body from the waist down and is divided into two parts to cover each leg separately
the place where legal trials take place and where crimes , etc. are judged
to go downwards or to a lower level ; to make sth do this
a person or thing that makes you laugh
a machine or piece of equipment that looks strange
not allowing yourself physical pleasures , especially for religious reasons ; related to a simple and strict way of living
like a peach in colour or appearance
to have a strong effect on people for a long time or over a large area
the quality of being large and round
a hot drink made by pouring boiling water onto tea leaves . It may be drunk with milk or lemon and / or su gar added .
a job that you do for sb that involves going somewhere to take a message , to buy sth , deliver goods , etc .
to laugh in a loud unpleasant way
to rest your weight on your bottom with your back vertical , for example on / in a chair
a small amount of a thick wet substance
aware of sth
happening or done quickly and unexpectedly
a person who is given special attention by sb , especially in a way that seems unfair to other people
to continue doing sth despite difficulties
located in the east or facing east
having teeth
an action that is a serious mistake or that other people disapprove of
silly , often in a way that is amusing
not the same
not representing or belonging to a particular political party
to clean or decorate sth again
used for giving or asking for advice
directed or moving upwards
to a great extent ; mostly or mainly
very unusual and slightl y shocking
low in alcohol
the main part of sth , especially a building , a vehicle or a book , an article , etc .
made of a hard substance like horn
full of people , activity , vehicles , etc .
three times as much or as many as sth
not at all pleasant or interesting
all the music , speech and sounds that are recorded for a film / movie
the action of asking for sth formally and politely
a state of complete confusion and lack of order
the feeling of not being able to believe sth
suffering from a mental illness in which you wrongly believe that other people are trying to harm you or that you are very important
that
to give sb a lot of sth
to discover or give information about sth , especially the way it is arranged or organized
a competition between people , animals , vehicles , etc. to see which one is the faster or fastest
to make a smile appear on your face
without a smell
if a situation , an event or an activity involves sb / sth , they take part in it or are affected by it
curving out
a series of hits on the bottom , given to sb , especially a child , as a punishment
to move sth in a particular direction by shaking
the last match in a series of matches in a competition that gives a cup as a prize to the winners
polite behaviour towards or care for sb / sth that you think is important
the state of feeling happy and safe from danger or worry
a newspaper published every day except Sunday
a floor of a building ; a layer of ground
one of the vertical sections into which the printed page of a book , newspaper , etc. is divided
more than half of sb / sth ; almost all of sb / sth
a written statement in which a group of people , especially a political party , explain their beliefs and say what they will do if they win an election
a location or combination of characteristics that produces the best results
the strong feeling that you have when sth has happened that you think is bad and unfair
a line along which sb / sth moves ; the space in front of sb / sth as they move
separated from other things or people of the same kind
cloth made especially of wool , used for making suits
simply made and not finished in every detail ; plain or basic
separated from the body
after a particular length of time
protection that a government gives to people who have left their own country , usually because they were in danger for political reasons
a mark l eft by your finger , foot , etc. on the surface of sth
showing that you do not approve of or like sb / sth
in sb 's own country , not in a foreign country
that you are sorry about and wish had not happened
a short , light , regularly repeated sound , especially that of a clock or watch
a self-service shop / store , restaurant , etc. is one in which customers serve themselves and then pay for the goods
a person who is blamed for sth bad that sb else has done or for some failure
to refuse to work , because of a disagreement over pay or conditions
to design or change sth so that it is suitable for the needs of a particular person
to fill an opening in a wall with bricks
an act of admitting that you were wrong , or of changing your position in an argument
the amount of food , drink , etc. that you take into your body
to officially charge sb with a crime in court
smelling bad because there is no fresh air
to go somewhere on a bicycle or motorcycle
a title that comes before a man 's family name , or before his first and family names together
very large ; very great
to hit a child with a cane as a punishment
a change or set of changes to sth
certain to get sth
having regular paid work
the outer layer of sth hollow such as an organ of the body or a cell of an animal or a plant
the happiness and enjoyment that exist when people celebrate sth
to try to become thinner , for example by eating less
to be officially accepted ; to accept sth officially
used to say what must happen or be done to make it possible for sth else to happen
a group of clubs , trade / labor unions , etc. that have joined together to form an organization
used to get sb 's attention
a person who has done , or is believed to have done , a very bad thing , especially sth that is harmful to society
used in the names of some political organizations
a large amount of sth , especially of food and drink
to feel guilty or sorry about sth
having or showing a lot of knowledge about a particular subject or situation
to cut sth into two pieces ; to cut sth off sth
one of the best players in a competition . The seeds are given a position in a list to try and make sure that they do not play each other in the early parts of the competition .
with small drops of a liquid on it
wishing or intending to do sth
to write without joining the letters together
to harm yourself or sb else physically , especially in an accident
a particular amount , level or number that it is difficult to get past
to move suddenly and quickly because you are surprised or afraid
to say or do sth to show that you are not connected with or do not support sb / sth ; to make it clear that sth is not connected with a particular plan , action , etc .
expressed clearly and in a way that shows that you are very sure about what you are saying
the group of people who are responsible for controlling a country or a state
something such as knowledge , words , actions , etc. that can be used to attack or fight against sb / sth
with wide spaces between the threads
not pleasant or comfortable
to cause pain or trouble to sb / sth over a period of time
to take the place of a player who is on a base
used to refer to any of a large group of British qualifications that can be taken in many different subjects at several levels ( the abbreviation for ‘ Business and Technology Education Council ’ )
a person who has or owns the thing mentioned
unhappy because life does not seem to have a purpose , usually after sth sad has happened
the total amount of money that needs to be spent by a business
military exercises involving a large number of soldiers , ships , etc .
to allow sb to do sth or sth to happen without trying to stop it
flames that are out of control and destroy buildings , trees , etc .
a boring person or thing ; sth that is annoying
used to describe furniture that has the type of back mentioned
a place , person or thing that you get sth from
a heavy wild animal with thick fur and sharp claws ( = pointed parts on the ends of its feet ) . There are many types of bear .
a man who has sex with a lot of women
to start again ; to continue
the act of increasing the area of activity , group of people , etc. that is affected by sth
a piece of wood , metal , etc. used to support sth or keep it in position
an attitude or a belief , especially one that sb states publicly
to bend or turn sth into a particular shape
the largest and / or most important
the courage and determination that it takes to do sth difficult or unpleasant
the act of doing a p iece of work , performing a duty , or putting a plan into action
to want to do sth ; to want sth to happen
to take part in a short fight or argument
to a degree that you do not wish to get any greater
fastened to sth with a clip
in order to help sb
at a higher level than normal
to arrange ideas , pieces of writing or pieces of film into a new form but without any great change or improvement
to move sth so that it is in a different position or facing a differen t direction
a room at the main entrance to a building for the person whose job is to see who enters and leaves the building
existing or located under the sea
as a whole ; in general
a person who behaves in a strange or unusual way
to leave a person , place or state permanently
broad but not very high
towards a higher place or position
an amount that has been calculated and that must be paid
without doubt ; certainly
the kind of journey you make in a car , etc .
to have a particular attitude or opinion about sth or towards sb
to become or make sth become liquid as a result of heating
connected with people 's feelings ( = with the emotions )
dirt that forms a layer on the surface of sth
coming straight after sb / sth in time , order or space
to protect sb / sth from danger , harm or sth unpleasant
allowed and acceptable according to the law
a person who buys and sells goods in large quantities , especially one who imports and exports goods
of extremely high quality
to affect or make sth affect more people or things
a person or thing that achieves a better result or higher level than has ever been achieved before
a doctor who has specialized in a particular area of medicine
( of an army , etc , especially in the past ) to destroy things and steal property in a town or building
something that controls and puts limits on sth
unable to move
to defeat sb easily and completely
a group of people who are gathered together in a church to worship God , not including the priest and choir
a small round sweet / candy of the type mentioned
to introduce a system , policy , etc. or start a process
an atmosphere that makes you feel threatened or frightened
pretty and attractive
a polite way of refusing sth that sb has offered you
a person who is given the power to act on behalf of another in business or legal matters
to think or say that sb / sth is responsible for sth bad
not referring to any particular person
a straight thin stick that is held by sb when performing magic or magic tricks
the right to influence sth by giving your opinion before a decision is made
pressure put on sth that can damage it or make it lose its shape
able to speak two languages equally well
very good and skilful
to eat snacks between or instead of main meals
1 000 000
a person who agrees t o give sb money for a charity if that person succeeds in completing a particular activity
a method of cooking meat on a long straight piece of metal ( called a spit ) in a clay oven , originally used in S Asia
the state of being liked , enjoyed or supported by a large number of people
used to emphasize a state or quality
a large sum of money that is spent to help improve a situation , business , etc .
the lower part of sb 's cheek when it is fat and hangs down below their chin
a thing that is made up of many different pieces or parts
hot liquid rock that comes out of a volcano
to take hold of sth suddenly , because you are afraid or in pain
to use sth instead of sth else , especially instead of the thing you would normally use
the number of people who want to buy sth
to hold sb / sth close in your arms to show love or affection
a system of recording moving pictures and sound , either using videotape or a digital method of storing data
a person who looks for a particular type of thing or person , as a hobby or job
the quality of being difficult to understand or to explain , especially when this makes sb / sth seem interesting and exciting
advice from a professional person
able to feel better quickly after sth unpleasant such as shock , injury , etc .
having four stars in a system that measures quality . The highest quality is shown by either four or five stars .
to steal sth from sb
in or into agreement
to take an amount of money off the usual cost of sth ; to sell sth at a discount
a hill or low mountain at the base of a higher mountain or range of mountains
shiny greyish-white in colour
holding your body in a lazy way , often with your shoulders and head bent forward
to be grateful for sth that sb has done ; to welcome sth
the period of your life when you are neither young nor old , between the ages of about 45 and 60
to put or keep an animal in a cage
a female child
to make a sound like a bee buzzing
something that is thought of as an example of the highest quality of a type of thing
causing harm or damage deliberately and for no acceptable reason
the amount by which one thing covers another thing
something that makes movement or progress difficult or impossible
to try to get the support of sb
to show a particular measurement
if you do sth on sufferance , sb allows you to do it although they do not really want you to
not wanted or approved of ; likely to cause trouble or problems
to refuse to let sb be a member of a social group ; to refuse to meet or talk to sb
decorated with beads
control and authority over a situation or a group of people
one of two long sticks that you put under your arms to help you walk after you have injured your leg or foot
not giving information about sth ; refusing to speak about sth
low in price
a firm hold on sth with the hands or feet , for example when you are climbing
used for emphasis , or to show that you are angry , annoyed or surprised
a row or series of similar objects , especially machines
to move somewhere in a smooth , controlled way , often close to the ground
one of two towns in different countries that have a special relationship with each other
to interrupt sb when they are speaking in order to say sth
the shape of the human body , especially a woman 's body that is attractive
a sudden increase in a particular feeling , activity or type of behaviour
an example of sth that shows its good qualities
a female member of a royal family who is not a queen , especially the daughter or granddaughter of the king or queen
a person or group of people or vehicles that travels with sb / sth in order to protect or guard them
showing that you think that you are morally better than other people
very strong and powerful
a piece of land that is completely surrounded by water
having large and dangerous waves
low , with only a few floors
putting sb in a position that does not give them the respect that they should have
a machine for washing plates , cups , etc .
a game in which you have to fit words across and downwards into spaces with numbers in a square diagram . You find the words by solving clues .
a statement that gives only part of the truth , especially when it is intended to cheat sb
the act of following or chasing sb
a strong stick or pole
the money that you spend on sth
to send sth by express post
( in writing ) died
the electronic circuits and components ( = parts ) used in electronic equipment
to punish sb for sth they have done
done in a skilful and accurate way
used for referring to people in general
an adult male human
with an expression on your face that does not show what you are thinking or feeling
to add dirty or harmful substances to land , air , water , etc. so that it is no longer pleasant or safe to use
despite problems , opposition , etc .
a legal document that says what is to happen to sb 's money and property after they die
to accept sth that is offered or available
to be pregnant with sb
if a picture , substance or sound has clarity , you can see or hear it very clearly , or see through it easily
a swimming race in which each member of a team uses a di fferent stroke
to not come or happen to sb
to fasten or join one thing to another
to examine or check sth carefully
if sb 's feelings or attitudes harden or sb / sth hardens them , they become more fixed and determined
feeling or showing that you do not believe sb / sth
anxious about sth or afraid of sth
to stop taking part in an activity or being a member of an organization ; to stop sb / sth from doing these things
an article or a story that you cut from a newspaper or magazine and keep
a thick dark cloud of sth
the playing of a game
written after a word that you have copied from somewhere , to show that you know that the word is wrongly spelled or wrong in some other way
to discover and record sth
difficult to find , define , or achieve
following closely the traditional beliefs and practices of a religion
the smallest unit of living matter that can exist on its own . All plants and animals are made up of cells .
without any limit ; complete
a person 's personality or character that makes them different from other people
added to words for family members to show a further stage in relationship
a person , especially a police officer , whose job is to examine crimes and catch criminals
a cover over a container that can be removed or opened by turning it or lifting it
pretending to be real or genuine
to do sth or take sb / sth somewhere secretly , often without permission
to support sb / sth over a long period of time by giving money , paying for food , etc .
the amount or number shown on an instrument used for measuring sth
a row of bushes or small trees planted close together , usually along the edge of a field , garden / yard or road
not fair ; expecting too much
to prevent sth from growing , developing or continuing
a large strip or area of sth
a male child or a young male person
living in the house where they work
the fact of doing or saying the same thing many times
very surprising , especially in a way that makes you feel pleasure or admiration
not skilled or important , and often boring or badly paid
a period of time that you spend working somewhere or doing a particular activity
an area with particular characteristics or where a particular group of people live
a young man
used in writing by some people when the subject of the verb could be either female ( she ) or male ( he )
relating to or connected with sexual desire or activity
used to introduce sb / sth into the conversation
to make sb who is angry or upset become calm and quiet
in or to many places in an area
the quality of being general rather than detailed or exact
( especially in the US ) a formal dance , especially one that is held at a high school
caught in the act of doing sth wrong and likely to be punished
the programmes broadcast on television
done on purpose rather than by accident
that people are not aware of or do not realize is important
the feelings that you have in your body when you have been hurt or when you are ill / sick
suitable for a funeral ; sad
the sound made by sth wet hitting a surface with force
a sudden increase in amount , price or value
any of the main parts that a long piece of music is divided into
the abbreviation for ‘ video cassette recorder ’ ( a machine which is used to play videos or to record programmes from a television )
leaving the position of responsibility mentioned
the friendship that exists between people who have the same profession or interests
to walk noisily in water or mud
to lose your balance and fall ; to make sb / sth lose their balance and fall
as a normal , logical result of sth
a permanent physical or mental condition that makes it difficult or impossible to use a particular part of your body or mind
a female god
the period of time at the start of a new activity when nobody is criticized and people feel enthusiastic
a shoe that is fastened with laces
a large mass of sth , especially flowers
the process of becoming aware of sth
a ticket that can be used later if a game , show , etc. is cancelled because of rain
an important and often unpleasant situation or piece of information
a lack of sth ; poor quality
to throw or drop things in different directions so that they cover an area of ground
of a high quality and expensive and therefore not often bought or used by most people
to cover the end or edge of sth with a colour , a substance , etc .
the ancient past , especially the times of the Greeks and Romans
used as a swear word when sb is annoyed about sth or to show that they do not care about sth at all
done or acting without thought and for no particular reason or purpose
to make sth secular ; to remove sth from the control or influence of religion
to move suddenly forwards in order to attack or catch sb / sth
to leave sb without help or support
to clean sth using a substance that kills bacteria
not fastened
to make a hole or hollow place in the ground
the act of going shopping and buying things in order to make yourself feel more cheerful
to be as good as sth
the branch of medicine concerned with children and their diseases
the ability to understand
having the features of an epic
( in writing ) private
different ; a different person or thing
a soft fruit with a lot of juice and shiny red skin that is eaten as a vegetable either raw or cooked
to make changes to sth in order to adapt it to a new situation
too excited and not behaving in a calm or sensible way
connected with a particular nation ; shared by a whole nation
not liking to lend things or share things with others
the equipment in a vehicle that takes power from the engine to the wheels
the quality of a situation in which things are likely to change or fail suddenly
to cook sth by keeping it almost at boiling point ; to be cooked in this way
a seat for a passenger behind the driver of a motorcycle
more ill / sick or unhappy
if two things merge , or if one thing merges into another , the differences between them gradually disappear so that it is impossibl e to separate them
an untidy pile of sth
the state of being under a magic spell
impossible to understand or explain
to hit sth with a sudden quick movement , especially using your finger and thumb together , or your hand
to cause trouble or difficulty for sb
to care for a child or young animal until it is able to take care of itself
the fact of giving up sth important or valuable to you in order to get or do sth that seems more important ; sth that you give up in this way
a sum of money that is given to a person or an organization in order to help pay for sth
to be moving in a direction in which it is likely that you will crash into sb / sth
a feeling of happiness or satisfaction
proving sth , and allowing no doubt or confusion
relating to , or in the form of , particles
a particular type of disease in which sb has a high temperature
to show sth or make sth appear from somewhere
a frame that is covered to make a figure
a change to sth that makes it different
the low wooden wall surrounding the area where a game of ice hockey is played
to injure yourself or part of your body by making it work too hard
an angry argument in which people insult each other
a strong show of feeling when you are playing music , speaking , acting , etc .
to be a sign that sth is going to happen
very complicated and detailed ; carefully prepared and organized
connected with young people who are not yet adults
an international sports festival held every four years in a different country
to make repeated short high sounds
not intelligent ; not able to understand how complicated things are
a trip in a boat or ship
a light hit with an open hand
to make you feel drunk
to hit a ball with a bat , especially in a game of cricket or baseball
in addition to what has just been stated . Furthermore is used especially to add a point to an argument .
to agree to sth or give your permission for sth
showing extremely great skill
if a particular quality deserts you , it is not there when you need it
the ability to remain calm and not show your emotions even though you are feeling angry , excited , etc .
used , especially in spoken English , to give emphasis to what you are saying
dishes , decorative objects , etc. that are made of silver
to say or do sth without delay
a country considered as a group of people with the same language , culture and history , who live in a particular area under one government
a very strong attraction , that makes sth very interesting
things that are produced to be sold
a system of recording or producing sound which comes from only one direction
to communicate with sb , especially while you work , play or spend time with them
to replace one thing , person , service , etc. with sth new or different
the place where sb / sth is located
a formal or official account of facts or opinions
not formal ; as used in conversation
to increase sth ; to make sth stronger
to have so many problems that it is no longer possible to exist or function
near the equator or typical of a country that is near the equator
ready to give sth , especially when it is not wanted
to make sb / yourself popular
having a lot of people or too many people
the meaning of sth , especially when it is not immediately clear
to form an opinion about sth without knowing all the details or facts
connected with literature
the food that is eaten at a meal
a substance that has no physical effects , given to patients who do not need medicine but think that they do , or used when testing new drugs
an act of showing or explaining how sth works or is done
having no power to change things or to influence a situation
a place where particular fish or animals are bred
the right to live or work in a building or on land that you rent
an organization or a group of organizations that is recognized by law as a single unit
used after some adjectives before mentioning sb / sth that a feeling relates to
a particular period of a person 's life
something that is very easy
to deal with or attend to sb / sth
to find sth
empty , with nothing written , printed or recorded on it
suitable , acceptable or correct for the particular circumstances
a chemical or a substance that produces an effect or a change or is used for a particular purpose
ruled or controlled by men ; giving power and importance only to men
to keep sb / sth alive , or safe from harm or danger
a new idea , way of doing sth , etc. that has been introduced or discovered
to put an artificial cover on a tooth
a woman 's light soft flat shoe worn for dancing or exercise ; a similar style of shoe worn as a fashion item
that can be moved to different positions or changed in shape or size
to be generally considered to be sth
to start to be seen
feeling happy because sth unpleasant has stopped or has not happened ; showing this
trying to avoid being caught
a style of swimming
to care for sb / sth / yourself ; to be careful about sth
the situation as it is now , or as it was before a recent change
to reach a decision by means of a formal vote
if one thing interacts with another , or if two things interact , the two things have an effect on each other
showing deliberate determination to behave in a way that most people think is wrong , unacceptable or unreasonable
the fact of being male or female , especially when considered with reference to social and cultural differences , not differences in biology
a medal that is given to the person or the team that wins the second prize in a race or competition
a list of goods that have been sold , work that has been done etc , showing what you must pay
moving upwards and downwards
to give sb , especially a government or a committee , the authority to do sth
to join things together into one ; to be joined into one
the process of writing and testing programs for computers
to cause sb / sth to be in a particular state ; to start sth happening
something that blocks a passage or tube in your body ; a medical condition resulting from this
to be in a particular position during a competition
to become aware of sth by hearing about it from sb else
an easy victory in a sports competition
a thing or person that is successful or likely to be successful
in a direct way and without trying to hide anything
showing that you think sb has done sth wrong
to give public praise , an award or a title to sb for sth they have done
made of or covered in a substance that sticks to things that touch it
connected with the words of a language
to increase in value after falling in value
not opposed by anyone
used to describe an activity or a state
likely to be punished by law for sth
to write sth
if sth unpleasant overtakes a person , it unexpectedly starts to happen and to affect them
to add an amount of money to sb 's bank account
ordinary ; not special in any way
not important or worth considering
a difference in the amount , value or size of sth , especially the difference in rates of pay for people doing different work in the same industry or profession
used to say ‘ yes ’ to sb
of or like a pearl
soldiers ; the armed forces
( in the past ) a market at which animals were sold
a period of three months during the time when a woman is pregnant
to use sth again , especially in a different situation
Saturday and Sunday
to produce a detailed list of things
acrobatic acts and movements
a person who has the responsibility of watching for sth , especially danger , etc .
one of the very small structures like threads in the nuclei ( = central parts ) of animal and plant cells , that carry the genes
a fact or detail , especially one that is officially written down
to be using the telephone
an upper level in a church , or a farm or factory building
to make a part of a drawing , etc. darker , for example with an area of colour or with pencil lines
to train sb to play a sport , to do a job better , or to improve a skill
a small animal with soft fur that people often keep as a pet . Cats catch and kill birds and mice .
a public performance of music or poetry , usually given by one person or a small group
having made good progress
to think about sb / sth until you understand them / it
the state of not being a prisoner or a slave
to change direction to form a curve or an angle ; to make sth change direction in this way
part of the way towards doing or achieving sth
in favour of thorough and complete political or social change
the work that sb does for an organization , etc , especially when it continues for a long time or is admired very much
to throw or push a spear or other pointed object through sth / sb
to move , especially quickly , in a particular direction
happening only occasionally or at intervals that are not regular
connected with the skills needed for a particular job , sport , art , etc .
on this day
smooth and pleasant
a large tree that produces small nuts called acorns . Oaks are common in northern countries and can live to be hundreds of years old .
to que stion whether a statement or an action is right , legal , etc ; to refuse to accept sth
the head of a government department , chosen by the President
to curve instead of following a straight course
used to avoid repeating a full verb
a person who writes books or the person who wrote a particular book
to compete against sb in order to gain sth
to make a telephone call to sb
knowledge or understanding of sth
written information , especially advertisements , official documents , forms , etc , that seem boring or unnecessary
something that you use to represent sth else that you are trying to measure or calculate
to store information on a computer
to read sth wrongly
a word in a foreign language that looks similar to a word in your own language , but has a different meaning
opposed to priests and their influence in political life
permission for sb to start doing sth
very strange , unusual or unexpected
a special right or advantage that a particular person or group of people has
an action to celebrate victory or to express happiness in which two people raise one arm each and hit their open hands together
to continue to live or exist despite a dangerous event or time
paid to sb according to the results of a means test
( in writing ) General
having less than the normal level of intelligence
not well cared for ; not neat or tidy
matching sth else in an exact way
a layer of earth with grass growing on it ; a piece of th is that has been removed
a small river
having or showing a cheerful and relaxed manner
a medicine or medical treatment that cures an illness
if metal tarnishes or sth tarnishes it , it no longer looks bright and shiny
to achieve sth or do sth right , especially in sport
an excellent example of its type
however ; despite this
if sth commends itself to sb , they approve of it
large enough to be noticed or to have a clear and noticeable effect
a person who does not have much luck , money , etc .
south-east ; south-eastern
the time taken by a camera shutter to open and close
used when you are saying what the facts of a situation are
used to say that sth is done to the greatest possible degree
a statement admitting sth that you are ashamed or embarrassed about ; the act of making such a statement
to have an effect on all p arts of sth
an electrical device which makes a ringing sound when a button on it is pushed ; the sound that it makes , used as a signal or a warning
making goods or growing crops , especially in large quantities
using force or not being careful and gentle
firmly fixed ; not likely to move , change or fail
very rude
a person who knows a lot about a group or an organization , because they are part of it
the 24th letter of the English alphabet
possible to deal with or control
to start a new business
an organization of European television companies that share news and programmes
the act of electing sb using a spoken not written vote
skilful
a person who buys goods from shops / stores
used to refer in a general way to things that people do , say , think , etc .
to give sb the job that they used to have in the past
a thick soft substance made from very finely chopped peanuts , usually eaten spread on bread
a time or season of the year
the difference between the number of members that the government has in a parliament and the number that all the other political parties have together
something that is achieved , especially by reducing the power or success of sth else
to be connected with sb by telephone
to have or think that sb / sth has a particular level of quality , value , etc .
showing feelings openly , especially feelings of affection
completely covered with a particular material
demanding that rules , especially rules about behaviour , should be obeyed
easy to do or to understand ; not complicated
connected with the act of showing , explaining or offering sth to other people , especially a new product , a policy or a performance
to feel very shocked or upset about sth
connected with the skills , knowledge , etc. that you need to have in order to do a particular job
noisy and full of life and energy
an officer of fairly high rank in the army or the US air force
a name used by sb , especially a writer , instead of their real name
to pass the responsibility for sb / sth to sb else
not connected or functioning
behaving towards sb in a manner which is too confident or too informal
to go from one place to another , especially over a long distance
to help sth to happen or develop
to clean sth by causing water to pass through it
far away from the cities of a country or from the main part of a place
in the way that is deserved ; correctly
cruel and critical
the group of musical instruments in an orchestra that have strings , for example violins ; the people who play them
a small sour red berry that grows on a small bush and is used in cooking
to march with heavy equipment over rough ground
to say that you are willing to do sth for sb or give sth to sb
boring because it is too familiar or has been used too much
enjoyment from watching or making sb suffer
to walk with quick short steps , in a way that is not natural
easily the winner of a contest ; definitely the one that people prefer
a brave , exciting or interesting act
clear , pure and flowing
a device that can react to light , heat , pressure , etc. in order to make a machine , etc. do sth or show sth
having a smell
a marriage
at or around the time of birth
to delay or block the movement or progress of sb / sth
used to show that you do not believe what sb has said
an insect or animal that destroys plants , food , etc .
an unexpected change or development in a story or situation
the latest information about sb / sth , especially details that are not generally known
to press or push sth down , especially part of a machine
in the place where sb / sth is or was
( in writing ) Detective
to seem to work together to make sth bad happen
to describe another word in a particular way
to a high degree
because the thing mentioned is happening or has just happened
not influenced by emotion
used to replace a word beginning with C that you do not want to say , for example the offensive swear word ‘ cunt ’ , or ‘ cancer ’
in a way that shows that you are not paying attention or thinking clearly
the feelings of sadness , embarrassment and guilt that you have when you know that sth you have done is wrong or stupid
the rate at which a worker , a company or a country produces goods , and the amount produced , compared with how much time , work and money is needed to produce them
a careless untidy way of writing ; sth written in this way
to be able to stretch your hand far enough in order to touch sth , pick sth up , etc .
connected with the inside of sth
to call God holy ; to praise God
a device that holds things firmly together or holds and supports them in position
a thing that makes sb want to do or have sth that they know is bad or wrong
to start driving a vehicle very fast
a small round green seed , eaten as a vegetable . Several peas grow together inside a long thin pod on a climbing plant also called a pea .
a piece of equipment that keeps sb alive when they are extremely ill / sick and cannot breathe without help
powerful and aggressive
a dirty or untidy state
not arranged correctly or neatly
natural ; done without effort
to allow fresh air into a room or a building ; to be filled with fresh air
to put things into groups in order to deal with them
the rights that every person in a society has , for example to be treated equally , to be able to vote , work , etc. whatever their sex , race or religion
to give sb / sth its typical or most no ticeable qualities or features
money that a business , bank or government receives
not involving much energy or activity ; slow and relaxed
an insulting or unkind rema rk that is intended to make sb angry or upset
to need or depend on sb / sth
one of the opinions , attitudes or positions held by sb in an argument , a business arrangement , etc .
a group of people who work together to achieve sth , especially by putting pressure on the government , etc , usually on behalf of people who are unable to speak for themselves
the activities involved in getting and using power in public life , and being able to influence decisions that affect a country or a society
an activity that more and more people are becoming involved in
the action or skill of being able to copy the voice , movements , etc. of others
not willing or honest enough to speak in a direct or open way about what you really think
that you would like to have or do ; worth having or doing
to ask sb to come to your home after you have been somewhere together
to show the position of sth
near the end of a period of time , life , etc .
not easy to find
a group of people who share the same religion , race , job , etc .
to present sth formally for discussion by a parliament or committee
to move back into the main part of sth ; to pull sth back into the main part of sth
extremely funny ; making people laugh a lot
in an advanced state
when a liquid fizzes , it produces a lot of bubbles and makes a long sound like an ‘ s ’
not strong and easily becoming ill / sick
to take part in sth that sb else is doing or to go somewhere with them
to an average extent ; fairly but not very
helping to explain sth or show it more clearly
a thing or an experience that you find very exciting
to have or use the power of sight
= dampen
to produce a book , list , report , etc. by bringing together different items , articles , songs , etc .
a journalist who works for a newspaper or a television or radio station
along a river , in the opposite direction to the way in which the water flows
to surround or cover sb / sth completely
our society and the way people live and behave ; the people in the world
when a person is stiff , their muscles hurt when they move them
to carry sth along
to deal with or begin sth again after a period of time ; to start again after a period of time
a spoken or written answer
to keep moving your body , your hands or your feet because you are nervous , bored , excited , etc .
( in Britain ) a law that states that goods must be described honestly when they are advertised or sold
prices , etc. within a particular range
to prevent sth from happening by taking action to stop it
a feeling that sb / sth is unpleasant or offensive
connected with the study of history
not feeling or showing any sympathy
a liquid that is put on surfaces to give them a particular colour ; a layer of this liquid when it has dried on a surface
to get rid of sth that is no longer wanted
to explain sth that is difficult to understand or is mysterious ; to become clearer or easier to understand
to make changes to sth in order to improve it
said or done without showing any emotion , especially in a situation in which you would expect sb to express their feelings
a method of learning in which students choose their materials and use them to study on their own
to make two rooms or buildings into one by removing the wall between them
to sell a business or an industry so that it is no longer owned by the government
a period of time when sb stops their usual activities and goes to a quiet place for prayer and thought ; an organized event when people can do this
a statement that is not true ; a lie about sth that is not important
to decide sth by picking cards , tickets or numbers by chance
to go somewhere with sb on foot , especially in order to make sure they get there safely
the act of inventing sth
any of the four main periods of the year : spring , summer , autumn / fall and winter
a device with a key that prevents a vehicle or machine from being used
quick and usually done with force
a feeling of anger or unhappiness about sth that you think is unfair
done as a paid job rather than as a hobby
the act of scratching a part of your body when it itches
to pretend to be sth that you are not
to be confirmed
having the qualities that deserve sb / sth
used before adjectives to emphasize that a particular quality is greater than normal
the process of improving or becoming stronger again
a quick journey , especially one made by a politician , in which sb visits several different places in a short time
something that is new
a pleasant smell
to understand or consider sth in a particular way
to make sb feel sad because sth that they hope for or expect to happen does not happen or is not as good as they hoped
to work very hard at sth
extreme physical weakness
to become or to make sth become very hot in the sun or by a fire
an act of walking around a town , building , etc. in order to visit it
connected with the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland or the people who live there
to put sb / sth in a particular position , especially when it is done gently or carefully
to hold onto or to move over a surface without slipping
to stop a film / movie or video in order to look at a particular picture
sounding rough with sudden changes in how loud or high it is , because the person is upset
an official note from one person to another in the same organization
having a large distance from the front edge to the furthest point inside
made rough and hard , usually by hard work
used to correct sth you have said , or to give more accurate information
used to refer to sb / sth that is considered as a type , especially one that is considered as good as sb / sth else
existing or happening over a large area or among many people
a series of numbers or letters used to open a combination lock
to push roughly against sb in a crowd
a strong and emotional desire
a thick layer or covering of sth
used for expressing surprise
a lot of sth in one place
to remove a recording from a tape or information from a computer 's memory
the first public performance of a film / movie or play
a government system that provides financial support to a particular group of people
to change sth such as an idea , a system , etc .
if sb / sth has a particular tendency , they are likely to behave or act in a particular way
not allowed by the law
an act of hitting sb very hard , especially with a stick
extremely light or thin ; made of extremely small pieces
to be or put yourself in a flat or horizontal position so that you are not standing or sitting
an act of kicking sb hard and repeatedly , especially when they are lying on the ground
the first , second , etc. road on the right side
very detailed and thorough
a strong feeling that sb / sth is ridiculous and not worth considering seriously , shown by laughing in an unkind way or by making unkind remarks
at exactly the right time or at the exact time mentioned
a device for producing an electric current , for example by the action of chemicals or light
used to describe physical surroundings
in a state of developing or being developed
a large animal with four legs , a mane ( = long thick hair on its neck ) and a tail . Horses are used for riding on , pulling carriages , etc .
the process or result of changing from one area of activity or style of doing sth to another
events that are of public interest or political importance
big in size or quantity
a statement saying that sth you previously said or wrote is not true
to control or organize a large group of people
producin g a lot of money
a situation in which sth begins again after a pause or an interruption
the first or main part of a substance to which other things are added
to try to stop sb asking questions or complaining by telling them sth that is not true
used to say that you do not mind what you do , have , etc. and that anything is acceptable
a round mark or shape
a climbing plant , especially one with dark green shiny leaves with five points
a real or imagined line that marks the limits or edges of sth and separates it from other things or places ; a dividing line
having to report to sb / sth with authority or in a higher position and explain to them what you have done
to chase wild animals or birds in order to catch or kill them for food , sport or to make money
correct in your opinion or judgement
the life and behaviour of people who are outside normal society , especially criminals
used to describe a situation in which a small or weak person or organization tries to defeat another much larger or stronger opponent
deep ; low
one of the areas that some countries are divided into with its own local government
measuring or marking the edge or outside of sth
time when a person who is normally very busy relaxes or does sth they enjoy
each of one million equal parts of sth
to think about sth again , especially because you might want to change a previous decision or opinion
having the type of lips mentioned
a word or remark expressing blame or criticism
to fall or move rapidly and with great force
used or practised now
if a person or business is based in a particular place , that is where they live or work , or where the work of the business is done
suitable or appropriate for sb or their situation
to try to end a disagreement between two or more people or groups by talking to them and trying to find things that everyone can agree on
a very bright show of lights or colour ; an impressive or noticeable show of sth
a man who belongs to a particular place or country , etc .
when a volcano erupts or burning rocks , smoke , etc. erupt or are erupted , the burning rocks , etc. are thrown out from the volcano
that you can achieve
different from the usual or traditional way in which sth is done
to present information based on a particular way of thinking , especially in an unfair way
a small round flat bread roll
speaking or acting in a way that seems unfriendly and rude ; not taking time to say more than is necessary
one continuous action of swallowing liquid ; the amount swallowed
the place where sth happens , especially sth unpleasant
a thing that you want to have or to happen
to make a new master copy of a recording in order to improve the sound quality
used to show that sth happened after a short time
a person whose job involves examining facts or materials in order to give an opinion on them
without a job although able to work
to make a person or an animal want sth that they cannot have or do
a message of good wishes for sb 's health , happiness , etc .
lacking clear organization
a long curved fruit with a thick yellow skin and soft flesh , that grows on trees in hot countries
population
pieces of leather that are placed at the side of a horse 's eyes to stop it from looking sideways
a person , book or document that provides information , especially for study , a piece of written work or news
to begin to exist and gradually develop into a particular shape ; to make sth begin to exist in a particular shape
to cry noisily
without mistakes or faults
information , documents , etc. that show that sth is true
to become involved in a situation that does not concern you
to prepare ( sth )
an idea or view that is generally accepted
10 Downing Street , London , the official home of the British prime minister , often used to refer to the government
success in achieving sth
a common wild plant with narrow green leaves and stems that are eaten by cows , horses , sheep , etc .
a feeling of surprise and admiration that you have when you see or experience sth beautiful , unusual or unexpected
not very large , important or serious
to show sth clearly ; to be a sign of sth
a position from which you look at sth
three of the four equal parts into which sth may be divided
entertainment with singing and dancing that is performed in restaurants or clubs in the evenings
to hit sth hard while moving , causing noise and / or damage ; to make sth hit sb / sth in this way
to interrupt another speaker in order to say sth
people say blah , blah , blah , when they do not want to give the exact words that sb has said or written because they think they are not important or are boring
to become wider towards the bottom
to make sb feel less confident or enthusiastic about doing sth
( used on letters to a person staying at sb else 's house ) care of
to make a remark
to stop light or noise from coming in
happening as a consequence of sth that has happened earlier
the act of calculating sth , especially in a way that is not very exact
a great fear or hatred of sth
used to disagree politely with sb
an act of hitting sb hard and repeatedly , as a punishment or in a fight
a state of confusion or lack of order
a good result or an advantage for sb / sth
level with or parallel to sth
not likely to happen ; not probable
to arrange for an event or activity to happen , or arrange for sb to be available to do sth
to make a short low sound with your tongue to show that you feel sorry for sb or that you disapprove of sth
farming , especially when done carefully and well
to make sb start to talk about or do sth that is different from the main thing that they are supposed to be talking about or doing
telling people what should be done
connected with hydraulic systems
money , jewellery , etc. that is made of gold
that you have used or relied on in the past successfully
to buy and sell things
if the price of sth , the temperature , etc. goes down , it becomes lower
a level of ability or rank that sb has in an organization
a woman 's family name before marriage
the act of paying interest on money that has been borrowed
freedom from political control by other countries
the action or process of getting sth back that has been lost or stolen
that cannot catch or be affected by a particular disease or illness
the total amount of rain that falls in a particular area in a particular amount of time ; an occasion when rain falls
the amount of money that a shop / store , theatre , etc. receives from selling goods or tickets over a particular period of time
a person who lives next to you or near you
expressing authority
a large quantity of things that may seem to be attacking you
to have a particular type of life
to clean a room , surface , etc. using a broom ( = a type of brush on a long handle )
the state of being dead
towards the bottom of a hill ; in a direction that goes down
to move yourself or part of your body suddenly and with a lot of force
an idea or standard that seems perfect , and worth trying to achieve or obtain
used for showing that sb is willing to do sth
making an ‘ s ’ or ‘ sh ’ sound
brightly
to work very hard
used as a way of emphasizing sth negative or unpleasant
used to represent the second of two or more possibilities
that sb has tried to do but without success
used to talk about how quickly or slowly time seems to pass
a course of study
to choose sb / sth from a group for special attention
of a lower standard or quality than the best
near ; not far away
for which there is a fair and acceptable reason
an object or a piece of equipment that has been designed to do a particular job
careful planning for yourself without caring about other people
a drug that makes a person or an animal unable to feel anything , especially pain , either in the whole body or in a part of the body
very cold ; like ice
very much ; to an extreme degree
very tired
an area of open land in a town or village that anyone may use
to make the number of points you have scored in a game or competition equal to those of your opponents
a word or statement that means ‘ no ’ ; a refusal or denial
to ask people to give you money for a particular purpose
used to introduce some new information that adds to or supports what you have said previously
to close one eye and open it again quickly , especially as a private signal to sb , or to show sth is a joke
the act of putting paint onto the surface of objects , walls , etc .
complete and definite
to put your hand into a container to take sth out
to wrap or cover sb / sth in order to keep them / it warm
a person who does not live in one place but travels around , especially as part of a group
to sell more tickets on a plane or reserve more rooms in a hotel than there are places available
full of strong feelings and angry arguments
to pay in order to have or do sth
work done by soldiers in the kitchen , usually as a punishment
the business of buying and selling products on the Internet by using mobile / cell phones and other similar technology
in spoken words and not in writing or actions
strong and designed to be used in difficult conditions
to lean or slope in a particular direction ; to make sth lean or slope
to move very quickly or to make sth move very quickly in the direction mentioned
to make progress ; to develop
used in the titles of some newspapers
used to check that sb agrees with you or has understood you
to confuse sb 's thoughts , ideas , etc. so that they have no order
consisting of individual sections , events , etc. that are not organized into a whole
very weak
a thing that limits or restricts sth , or your freedom to do sth
used to express the fact that you are annoyed about sth / sb
needing equal effort from both people or groups involved
work that is very hard and very badly paid
used with a negative to show that sth surprises you and you do not want to believe it
to consider sb / sth to belong to the class or level mentioned
a person who is very interested in a particular activity and follows all the recent news about it
to use up a large supply of sth , especially money or time
about sth / sb
a game or games in which playing cards are used
a journey to a place tha t is connected with sb / sth that you admire or respect
if sth is a squash , there is hardly enough room for everything or everyone to fit into a small space
very bad weather with strong winds and rain , and often thunder and lightning
a place , building or set of buildings where journeys by train , bus or boat begin or end
that cannot be defended against attack or criticism
a bar , etc. that is a popular place for people to meet
protection against sth bad that might happen in the future
silly or amusing , especially when such behaviour is not suitable
men 's underpants , with an opening in the front sewn in the shape of a Y upside-down
disagreement between people or within a group
a situation that contains hidden dangers or difficulties
to do sth at the wrong time , especially when this makes sth bad or unpleasant happen
an official list or record of names , items , etc ; a book that contains such a list
belonging to or connected with a division ( = a section of the army or department of an organization )
a number of people or things that do not fit into the space available
to cut patterns or designs on metal
behaving in a dishonest or indirect way , or tricking people , in order to get sth
a place where people live and are cared for when they cannot live at home or look after themselves
to hit a person or an animal with a heavy stick or similar object
a substance or tool that is used for removing paint , etc. from sth
to make changes to sth in order to improve it or make it more suitable
making it easy , possible or likely for sth to happen
a way or style of life
the glass part that fits into an electric lamp , etc. to give light when it is switched on
used between two numbers to show approximately how many
to create or develop sth
to make animals move together as a group
a line or row of soldiers , police , etc. standing next to each other
the place where sth first happened
having or showing a wide experience of people and things from many different countries
the process of changing an amount of one currency ( = the money used in one country ) for an equal value of another
a person or thing that affects the way a person behaves and thinks
things that you have heard from another person but do not ( definitely ) know to be true
not based on , or not using , clear logical thought
in a way that is connected with a person 's body rather than their mind
the quality of being attractive in a sexual way
strange and interesting because you do not know much about them
a highly valued object
to move your body to the sound and rhythm of music
to take off clothing , etc. from the body
to remove people from an organization , often violently , because their opinions or activities are unacceptable to the people in power
opposition to the increase in the power of large international companies and institutions because of the bad effects on the economies of individual countries , especially poorer ones
a person who has been given an official honour or prize for sth important they have achieved
to take care of sb / sth for a short time
a child at school between the ages of four and seven
not in any player 's control
that you can rely on to always be there and always be the same
an event ; something that happens , often sth unusual
to exist or be found somewhere
not staying in the same chemical or atomic state
a track for races between runners , cars , bicycles , etc .
feeling sure about your own ability to do things and be successful
concerned with or interested in serious artistic or cultural ideas
the process of giving birth to a baby before it is fully developed and able to survive ; an occasion when this happens
to make a service , course of study , etc. available to people
( used especially when ta lking about clothes or measurements ) a woman 's breasts or the measurement around the breasts and back
to leave a person or place very quickly , especially because you are afraid of possible danger
the correct speed and rhythm of a piece of music
a very small amount of liquid that forms a round shape
to put on a piece of clothing
used to say that you will not accept sth any longer
used to show the person or thing that is affected by an action
having all the important qualities that make sb / sth a typical example of a particular kind of person or thing
to improve your behaviour , work harder , etc .
the state of not having any unusual or interesting features
a word meaning ‘ king ’ , used , for example , in the titles of legal cases brought by the state when there is a king in Britain
a group of noisy people
a popular way of behaving , doing an activity , etc .
the job of being a waitress
a situation or series of events where a lot of things happen very quickly
to ask for sth seriously
the building in which an embassy works
behaving badly ; not willing to obey
an official document stating that sb should receive the punishment of being killed for a crime that they have committed
a situation in which sth improves or increases over a period of time
to make sth more difficult for sb to do
the state of being private or of having little contact with other people
not considered to be good or honest by most people
the crime of marrying sb when you are still legally married to sb else
in return or reply
to travel by asking for free rides in other people 's cars , by standing at the side of the road and trying to get passing cars to stop
to suddenly swell out or get bigger
not wanting to give sb information
useless ; that does not work correctly
an arm or a leg ; a similar part of an animal , such as a wing
to rise suddenly by a large amount
funny and entertaining ; showing a sense of humour
to go or leave somewhere in a hurry
having or using electromagnetic waves which are longer than those of red light in the spectrum , and which cannot be seen
greater than usual ; special
the whole area in which all things exist and move
when the sun , moon , etc. rises , it appears above the horizon
the use of violent action in order to achieve political aims or to force a government to act
in all places that
to start to act or move as if alive
rich in sth that is pleasant or beautiful
to leave an idea , a proposal , etc. to be discussed at a later date
to make a small hole in sth ; to get a small hole
an officer of the highest rank in the British army
to make smoke or steam blow out in clouds ; to blow out in clouds
involving low moral standards or dishonest behaviour
a person who does not like to obey rules or who does not accept normal standards of behaviour , dress , etc .
connected with the family or a particular family
to place sth or yourself firmly in a particular place or position
to ask sb to do sth in an anxious way because you want or need it very much
the legal aspect of an action or a situation
a finite verb form or clause shows a particular tense , person and number
to manage to reach or go to a place or position
to walk slowly without lifting your feet completely off the ground
to take part in a ruck ( 1 )
a person or thing that stops or gets rid of sth
to transport sb by bus
the past events concerned in the development of a particular place , subject , etc .
having a pattern of squares , usually of two colours
done by one person alone , without anyone helping them
to become fewer or less
a fight that involves a large number of people
to become empty
used when you are identifying the person or thing you are talking about
used to refer to a place , direction , etc. that is the opposite to where you are , are going , etc .
a long line of rocks or sand near the surface of the sea
to an unusual degree ; extremely
the language used when speaking
a position of having control over sb / sth ; responsibility for sb / sth
willing to do sth
not in a curve or at an angle ; in a straight line
a mistake in sth that means that it is not correct or does not work correctly
a bill for goods you receive but pay for later , especially for food or drinks in a restaurant or bar ; the price or cost of sth
used to tell sb that you are not going to repeat what you said
how strong a country 's currency ( = unit of money ) is in relation to other countries ' currencies
a small piece of material like a small bag sewn into or onto a piece of clothing so that you can carry things in it
designed or organized to achieve a particular purpose , or to be suitable for a particular group of people
a person who often makes strong personal attacks on other people in public
to bend sth so that it becomes smaller or flatter and can be stored or carried more easily ; to bend or be able to bend in this way
in a forward position
if a price , a temperature , a rate , etc. comes down , it gets lower
a period of discussion and practical work on a particular subject , in which a group of people share their knowledge and experience
a situation in which sth increases in size , number , strength , etc .
used at the end of a negative sentence to mean ‘ at all ’
connected with the human spirit , rather than the body or physical things
too far away to hear sb / sth or to be heard
permission to become a member of a club , society , university , etc .
feeling or showing sympathy for people who are suffering
showing or including people wearing no clothes
the support , especially financial , that is given to a person or an organization by a patron
the family or the race of people that you come from
the abbreviation for ‘ physical education ’ ( sport and exercise that is taught in schools )
to start to control sb / sth more strictly
morally perfect
a card or piece of paper that you use to invite sb to sth
to find new people to join a company , an organization , the armed forces , etc .
to make sb feel surprised
the sound of light , dry things moving together
to be full of a lot of people or animals , especially when they are all moving around
a set of stairs inside a building including the posts and rails ( = banisters ) that are fixed at the side
relating to sth that can be removed by being torn off , especially part of a sheet of paper
connected with the spiritual rather than the physical world of existence
to have a harmful effect on sth
to become caught or twisted in sth and stop it working or moving
the state of being very old or ancient
to attack or take hold of sb / sth with a lot of energy and enthusiasm
without being seen
firm and fresh
the condition of losing flesh , muscle , strength , etc. in a part of the body because it does not have enough blood
used to show that one action immediately follows another
to create or prepare sth carefully , giving particular attention to the details
a short light stick that one member of a team in a relay race passes to the next person to run
a record of the number or amount of sth , especially one that you can keep adding to
people in general , living together in communities
to go through written or printed words , etc. in silence or speaking them to other peopl e
containing an idiom
a pill that some women take to prevent them becoming pregnant
a situation where the army of a country controls an area instead of the police during a time of trouble
the system of voting in an election
to affect the result of sth
a person who plays a barrel organ ( = a large musical instrument played by turning a handle )
a layer of sth that other things lie or rest on
to carry sth , especially sth heavy
a book containing lists of information , usually in alphabetical order , for example people 's telephone numbers or the names and addresses of businesses in a particular area
a piece of soft cloth or other thick material that is folded around a baby 's bottom and between its legs to absorb and hold its body waste
morally bad , but in a way that people find attractive
to give up some of your demands after a disagreement with sb , in order to reach an agreement
the act of forming words correctly from individual letters ; the ability to do this
having a large distance from the top or surface to the bottom
during the whole journey / period of time
the sound or sounds produced through the mouth by a person speaking or singing
the things that are needed for a particular purpose or activity
having problems caused by lack of money
to make a country , an organization , etc. weaker
to make sth such as a container or a pipe break or burst ; to be broken or burst
the period from 1 January to 31 December , that is 365 or 366 days , divided into 12 months
very bad and unacceptable , often in a way that shocks people
a thick sweet substance made by boiling fruit with sugar , often sold in jars and spread on bread
a person who is not accepted as a member of a society , group , etc .
typical of or used by people who belong to a high social class
a spicy Indian dish , usually containing meat
a person who shows other people the way to a place , especially sb employed to show tourists around interesting places
the act of looking at sth for information
having sth as equipment
permission to live in a country that is not your own
to cover or block sth
a regular movement between one position and another or between one amount and another
not intended to attract a lot of attention
addicted to sth ( = unable to stop taking or using it )
not willing or not able to believe sth ; showing an inability to believe sth
a person from the country who is considered to be stupid and to have little experience of life
to put perfume in or on sth
a powerful man in medieval Europe , who owned a lot of land and property
the act of renting sth or an arrangement to rent sth
involving doing sth together or working together with others towards a shared aim
to become hot or warm
to give official permission for sth , or for sb to do sth
that is accepted by the system
to officially cancel or delay a punishment for a prisoner who is condemned to death
to stop sth from happening or stop sb from doing sth , especially by using force or authority
a method of sending a letter or package in which the person sending it gets an official note to say it has been posted and the person receiving it must sign a form when it is delivered
the area of ground over which a river usually flows
a short branch at the end of a nerve cell , which receives signals from other cells
used to express the opposite of what is mentioned
to make sb 's body or mind weaker
a thin piece of metal on a scientific instrument that moves to point to the correct measurement or direction
the part of a pair of trousers / pants , etc. that covers the crotch
outside the normal times of working
an occasion when people buy and sell goods ; the open area or building where they meet to do this
based on situations or ideas which are possible and imagined rather than real and true
well known because of a special skill or feature
a unit for measuring electrical power
that functions ; that can be used
to make a formal statement about sth to a public organization or authority
a high quality of performance achieved with great skill
a place in which a particular kind of food or drink is the main thing that is served
pleasantly clean , pure or cool
the complete structure within which a user , computer or program operates
a circle that is tied in one end of a rope with a knot that allows the circle to get smaller as the other end of the rope is pulled
above the correct pitch ( = how high or low a note sounds )
in a way that is not controlled
at or near a place
connected with sex in a way that most people find offensive
full of energy , determination or courage
the act of giving sth to sb or doing sth for them in order to show that you are sorry for suffering that you have caused
temporary accommodation
to stop sth from being successful
extremely physically sensitive to particular substances , medicines , light , etc .
to develop gradually , especially from a simple to a more complicated form ; to develop sth in this way
to put or lay sb / sth down in a particular place
something which makes you sad
used to say that sth is very bad
to cause sb / sth to be in a particular state ; to make sb react in a particular way
to make sth such as an interest , emotion , etc. start to grow in sb ; to start to be felt by sb
a belief in your own ability to do things and be successful
difficult to understand or explain clearly or easily
to move in a particular way or while doing sth else
lacking style , taste , quality , etc .
to allow a sum of money or debts to grow over a period of time
a device in a machine that connects and disconnects working parts , especially the engine and the gears
to increase in degree or strength ; to make sth increase in degree or strength
used when the speaker or writer and another or others are the object of a verb or preposition , or after the verb be
to show sb / sth in public so that people can see them / it
to make a particular sound or movement
to get rid of sth , especially a strong feeling , by using physical effort
a type of sweet frozen food made from milk fat , flavoured with fruit , chocolate , etc. and often eaten as a dessert ; a small amount of this food intended for one person , often served in a container made of biscuit that is shaped like a cone
the act of watching sb / sth carefully for a period of time , especially to learn sth
to travel in front of other people in your group and arrive before them
the state of being derelict
complete and without any doubts
shy or pretending to be shy and innocent , especially about love or sex , and sometimes in order to make people more interested in you
the headache and sick feeling that you have the day after drinking too much alcohol
a chemical element . Tin is a soft silver-white metal that is often mixed with other metals or used to cover them to prevent them from rusting .
wanting more money or goods than you need or have a right to
physically strong , fit and active
not harming the environment
that you can connect to from far away , using an electronic link
goods supplied in response to a particular order that sb has placed
predicting or leading to death or destruction
knowing sth very well
too difficult or complicated for sb to understand
respected or given official status because it has existed or been used for a long time
a set of moving parts in a machine that performs a task
to make sth unable to work so that it cannot be used
written in the front of a book before the name of the person the book belongs to
to begin to affect sb , especially before they realize it
to complain about sth in a way that other people find annoying
a person who is chosen to be in charge of the government of a state in the US
used to say that you disapprove of what sb has done and should do sth about it , although you probably will not
an increase in the amount or number of sth that there is , or in the area that is affected by sth
to enjoy sitting or lying in the heat or light of sth , especially the sun
in a bad mood , especially because sb has annoyed or upset you
to be very hot in a way that makes you feel uncomfortable
satisfied that sth is good or right ; not anxious
to change sth , such as a book or an estimate , in order to correct or improve it
a bicycle
to remove sth such as a dirty mark
always trying to get money , possessions , power , etc. for yourself
very simple plants , such as seaweed , that have no real leaves , stems or roots , and that grow in or near water
pigs
having sleeves of the type mentioned
to make secret plans to do sth that will help yourself and possibly harm others
the science that deals with the relations between heat and other forms of energy
with one side facing forwards
to move out of a place because of danger , and leave the place empty
a person 's connection with a political party , religion , etc .
to write or say sth to sb very quickly , often when you are angry
used to e mphasize a particular state or quality
where laws do not exist or are not obeyed
used to describe how sb feels the next morning , after an occasion when they have drunk too much alcohol
words that are spoken quietly by sb but that they in fact want everyone to hear
to stare in a way that makes sb feel uncomfortable
a thing that stops sth from growing or developing
an activity which is designed to help achieve a particular learning goal , especially in language teaching
to have an important part in sth
to return to a point that has already been mentioned or discussed
to experience difficulties , etc .
to risk sth or put it in danger
an act of talking or writing about a series of things
lower ; underneath
in , to or at every place ; all places
to put a layer of a soft substance over a surface
the hot gas that water changes into when it boils
feeling ill / sick or wanting to vomit when you are travelling on a boat or ship
( in the past ) a son of the Emperor of Austria
the group of people who have gathered to watch or listen to sth ( a play , concert , sb speaking , etc . )
to buy and sell a particular product
to urinate
used to show that you do not think that sth is funny
the area of a stock exchange where a particular product is traded
to legally control a country or its people and be responsible for introducing new laws , organizing public services , etc .
to put sth through a hole into a container
a person who plays a musical i nstrument
not very bright ; dark or soft in colour
closely and firmly packed together
a situation in which there is a large supply of food , money , etc .
an act of cuttin g a small amount off sth , especially hair
no longer alive
without power to control or to influence sb / sth
the opportunity or right to use sth or to see sb / sth
having the type of limbs mentioned
a thing that holds the object mentioned
to make sb a member of a particular group , especially as part of a secret ceremony
liking to do sth which other people find annoying or unpleasant , and doing it often
used when you are emphasizing sth , to mean ‘ to the greatest degree possible ’
to be related to sth so that together the two parts form a whole
the system of money used in a particular country
having three corners
the far left or right side of the sports field
shaped like an egg
to make sb extremely angry
a telephone call that you arrange to be made to you at a particular time , for example in a hotel , in order to wake you up
to begin talking about a subject that is difficult to discuss , especially because it is embarrassing or because people disagree about it
in a person 's own house , flat / apartment , etc .
on the other side of a particular area from sb / sth and usually facing them
to arrange a group of things in a pleasing way or so that they are in order
provided or happening during a journey on a plane
to pass liquid waste ( called urine ) from the body
when it snows , snow falls from the sky
if a feeling rises inside you , it begins and gets stronger
to choose a time , date or title for sth
living or growing in natural conditions ; not kept in a house or on a farm
a feeling or an emotion that lasts for only a very short time
to build sth suddenly or in a hurry
something that is given to sb to persuade them to do sth
the legal relationship between a husband and wife
kilometre ( s )
to lock sth with a padlock
the members of a particular group or organization
to cook food over a fire , especially outdoors
a large wild animal of the cow family that is covered with hair . There are two types of bison , the N American ( also called buffalo ) and the European .
the act of risking money , etc. on the unknown result of an event
a way of saying goodbye , used by young people
a particular religion
preparations that you make for sth that might or will happen in the future
the point at which an aircraft 's speed is the same as the speed of sound , causing reduced control , a very loud noise ( called a sonic boom ) and various other effects
to become weak or tired or less confident
a fight or an effort over a long period of time to get rid of or stop sth unpleasant
a person who does secret work , especially for a government organization
the principle or practice of protecting a country 's own industry by taxing foreign goods
a room in which meals are cooked or prepared
used to replace a word beginning with F that you do not want to say , especially the offensive swear word ‘ fuck ’
the side or direction from which the wind is blowing
to keep doing sth without stopping
a view of sth from the side
all the people in the world and the societies they live in , considered as a whole
a medical operation in which the skin on a person 's face is made tighter in order to make them look younger
to a great degree
a decision that a court case should be heard later
unwilling to tell people about things
the activity of carrying people or goods from one place to another by ship
suitable for normal conversation and writing to friends rather than for serious speech and letters
to try to take hold of sth in your hands
medical treatment of injuries or diseases that involves cutting open a person 's body and often removing or replacing some parts ; the branch of medicine connected with this treatment
nervous and afraid
relaxed and friendly ; not following strict rules of how to behave or do sth
( in some countries ) the group of people who control a university
getting better after an illness or injury ; improving after a difficult situation
extreme ; not reasonable
the act of using sth in a careless or unnecessary way , causing it to be lost or destroyed
used to describe useful work that you are paid for
a curved path followed by a planet or an object as it moves around another planet , star , moon , etc .
to move sth suddenly and with force
to make a telephone call to a radio or television station
to make sb / sth more interesting or full of energy
to make a bush , etc. smaller by cutting branches off
with no spaces or pauses between one part and the next
of the same sex
something that is done in a particular way
in real life ; not on the Internet ( used in chat on the Internet )
used when addressing sb , to show affection
connected with the trade , industry and development of wealth of a count ry , an area or a society
if a drug is addictive , it makes people unable to stop taking it
having learned sth by reading books , etc , rather than by sb teaching you
to agree sth with sb without it needing to be said
a period of time during which you do not achieve anything
to say sth that you do not really feel , believe or understand
a sound , especially when it is loud , unpleasant or disturbing
believed to be the person or thing mentioned
a social event at which food is cooked outdoors over an open fire
water that has frozen and become solid
to press sth so that it becomes soft , damaged or flat , or changes shape
in few words
the kind of mind that sb has that makes them think or behave in a particular way
to stop a supply of gas , water , etc. from flowing or reaching a place
the outer layer of some fruits and vegetables
with nothing written on it
despite sth ; even so
a round vegetable with large green , purplish-red or white leaves that can be eaten raw or cooked
having no purpose because there is no chance of success
to consider or examine sb / sth and form an opinion about them or it
involving violence
used to show a rate or relative amount
an area of land taken by force
to return
without evil thoughts or actions , especially sexual ones ; morally good
to make sb 's hair curl slightly
official permission not to do sth or pay sth that you would normally have to do or pay
to surround sb / sth
not made with milk or cream
to increase , improve or add to sth
to do sth next , after having done sth else first
the smaller part of a group ; less than half of the people or things in a large group
unable to control a strong feeling
continuing for a whole year
a very high hill , often with rocks near the top
the layer of the earth 's atmosphere between about 10 and 50 kilometres above the surface of the earth
a room , set of rooms or building where people work , usually sitting at desks
to make a boat , fish , whale , etc. be left on land and unable to return to the water
to make sb want to do sth , especially sth that involves hard work and effort
a situation in which there is a lot of confusion
connected with the sea and the creatures and plants that live there
touching or next to sth
one of the five powers ( sight , hearing , smell , taste and touch ) that your body uses to get information about the world around you
not doing anything ; not active
a small flat piece of metal used as money
a series of movements , jokes , etc. that are part of a performance
the policy of not becoming involved in the affairs of other countries or groups
to take an illegal drug
an aggressive violent man
full of a particular unpleasant thing
the ability to control your thoughts and actions in order to achieve what you want to do ; a feeling of strong determination to do sth that you want to do
to have an equal but opposite effect to sth else
the possessive form of one
to become much less strong or united and be gradually destroyed
one of several short pieces of entertainment in a show
to persuade or encourage sb to do sth that they may not want to do
a number of similar things attached together by a string or thread
not important or serious ; not worth considering
a state in which you are not aware of what is happening around you , usually because you are unconscious or asleep
in the usual or ordinary way
to shout loudly , especially in an unpleasant or angry way
able to be used in both a transitive and an intransitive way with the same meaning , where the object of the transitive verb is the same as the subject of the intransitive verb
an area outside a building , usually with a hard surface and a surrounding wall
fear and anxiety that sb feels when sth dangerous or unpleasant might happen
a rule or situation that restricts your behaviour
an explanation or a description of an idea , a theory or a process
a person that suffers or a thing that is destroyed when sth else takes place
slightly
the colour that is produced when you mix red and white together
a sudden sharp noise , especially one made by sth closing or breaking
bringing good luck
to lose a layer of dead skin , etc .
using sound , pictures and film in addition to text on a screen
to change an area , a person , etc. so that they are suitable for , or can mix with , people of a higher social class than before
looking soft , full and attractive to use or eat
of or shown by an exponent
to express an amount of money using a particular unit
caused by or relating to the chemical action of light
very typical of sth or of sb 's character
furthest south
not difficult ; done or obtained without a lot of effort or problems
to care for sb who is ill / sick or injured
to move in the direction mentioned by pushing
to kill sb , usually as a punishment , by tying a rope around their neck and allowing them to drop ; to be killed in this way
a note played a semitone / half tone lower than the note that is named . The written symbol is ( ♭ ) .
being the largest or most important of its kind
to draw a line across sth
a place in an electronic document on a computer that is linked to another electronic document
to make a sound like a bell
to kiss sb lightly and quickly
the way in which the natural features of a place are arranged
to fall from above and come to rest on sth ; to stay for some time on sth
to keep a particular quality , feature , etc ; to make sure that sth is kept
too closely linked to be separated
one more time ; on another occasion
if two organizations amalgamate or are amalgamated , they join together to form one large organization
having a friendly informal style
to introduce a new public official or leader at a special ceremony
a design or words made by stamping sth onto a surface
an act of catching sth , for example a ball
a large area of land , especially in a hot country , where crops such as coffee , sugar , rubber , etc. are grown
a place in a river or the sea where currents of water spin round very fast
to face sth or be in front of sth ; to have the front pointing towards sth
a written record of money that is owed to a business and of money that has been paid by it
full of liquid or gas and therefore bigger than normal , in a way that is unpleasant
giving the amount of crops , profits , etc. mentioned
to start burning again ; to make sth start burning again
to show that an idea or theory is completely wrong
connected with or controlled by a dictator
a person who is in charge of or works in a library
to rely on sb / sth and be able to trust them
to remove sth from a surface by moving sth sharp and hard like a knife across it
food that has been prepared in a particular way
used to say that you are annoyed or surprised at sb 's actions
a thing that sb does
something that is considered as a series of interesting and different events
the process of becoming well again after an illness or injury
a person who has been conscripted to join the armed forces
badly ; not in an acceptable way
to reduce a number by a very small amount
showing strong feelings that are sincere
used to show purpose or intention
to form an opinion of the amount , value or quality of sth after thinking about it carefully
anything pleasant that is extra and more or better than you were expecting
used to emphasize a negative statement instead of ‘ not ’
including many famous performers
something that is very large and very ugly , especially a building
a great success
a person who smokes tobacco regularly
a summary of the most important points of a particular subject , especially the news
to notice sth that is not very obvious ; to see sth that you are looking for
the most important and necessary facts , skills , ideas , etc. from which other things develop
a process in which the genetic material of a person , a plant or an animal changes in structure when it is passed on to children , etc , causing different physical characteristics to develop ; a change of this kind
of or from a past time
the rate at which goods are sold in a shop / store and replaced by others
not capable of doing sth , for example because of illness
becoming smaller , less important or less common
a good feature that deserves praise , reward or admiration
ceremonies
bloodshot ( = with thin lines of blood in them ) or surrounded by red or very pink skin
to affect sth in an unpleasant or annoying way
the 25th anniversary of an important event ; a celebration of sth that began 25 years ago
to find sb / sth pleasant , attractive or of a good enough standard ; to enjoy sth
to leave dirty marks behind you as you walk
that does not let water through or that cannot be damaged by water
to stop making a product
to catch or keep sth in a place and prevent it from escaping , especially so that you can use it
to be busy with sth , especially sth surprising or unpleasant
to come or go somewhere continuously in large numbers
a piece of land
a wide flat area of sth , covering the surface of sth else
a piece of broken glass , metal , etc .
to be aware of fear , danger , trouble , etc. in a situation
to give sb information about sth
to make sb / sth feel or seem European
the 21st letter of the English alphabet
to travel around making political speeches , especially before an election
materials used to wrap or protect goods that are sold in shops / stores
feeling painful or uncomfortable because of illness or emotion
a period of time of the type mentioned , usually a difficult or unhappy one
aware of and able to understand other people and their feelings
that is not part of sb 's official business
having a taste or smell that is typical of vinegar
supporting capitalism and accepting some social change
10
the way that words and ideas are linked together in speech or writing
a set of activities for training soldiers
to take control of a place or situation , often suddenly and violently
a person who sings , or whose job is singing , especially in public
if a liquid froths , or if sb / sth froths it , a mass of small bubbles appears on the surface
responsible for sth and ready to accept punishment or criticism for it
feeling happy about sth
a game for two players , played in a court surrounded by four walls , using rackets and a small rubber ball
if a sight meets your eyes , you see it
a quality , condition , or way of doing sth that is in the middle of two extremes and better than either of them
without using words or sounds to express sth
a picture or pattern made by placing together small pieces of glass , stone , etc. of different colours
to have a sexual relationship with sb , usually with sb who is not your usual partner
used to introduce the final point that you want to make
a feature or quality that is typical of sb / sth
sadness because sth has not happened or been as good , successful , etc. as you expected or hoped
to make sb unable to feel normal human emotions such as pity
if your eyes pop or pop out , they suddenly open fully because you are surprised or excited
away from or not in a particular place
a feature of sth , especially one that makes it different from sth else
connected with facts rather than things that have been invented or guessed
to believe or imagine sth
a part of sth such as a story that has not been completely finished or explained
to say what sb 's punishment will be
to do sth badly or without skill ; to fail at sth
a member of an academic or professional organization
to make a long high sound
the length of one side of a piece of land or group of buildings , from the place where one street crosses it to the next
to persuade sb to do sth , especially to help you
more than big , long , etc. enough
connected with a high social class
the quality of saying what you think openly and honestly
connected with or like a republic ; supporting the principles of a republic
to move quickly making a quiet rubbing noise
an idea or a plan that you mention for sb else to think about
suddenly and by a large amount
to prevent sth bad from happening
to keep sb in a dangerous place or bad situation that they want to get out of but cannot
to give a letter to sth as part of a series or list
to prefer to do sth ; to prefer sth to be made or to happen in a particular way
a set of related computer programs
not showing or accepting things as they are
to give a mark / grade to a student or to a piece of their written work
if you are determined to do sth , you have made a firm decision to do it and you will not let anyone prevent you
to be enough for sb / sth
an action that is different from what is usual or expected
easily seen
towards the west
an area of ground in a garden / yard or park for growing flowers , vegetables , etc .
feeling that you would like to sleep or rest ; needing rest
particularly pleasant and worth having
a thing that you do for fun or as a joke
to begin to exist ; to make sth begin to exist
greater in number , level or age
to be fully understood or realized
male in an aggressive way
a small machine for crushing or grinding a solid substance into powder
a wound that is made when an insect , a creature or a plant stings you
used to introduce the second of a list of points you want to make in a speech or piece of writing
public protest in order to achieve political change
used to describe feelings that two or more people have for each other equally , or actions that affect two or more people equally
to come together to form a single thing or group ; to join two or more things or groups together to form a single one
a plan , thought or suggestion , especially about what to do in a particular situation
to increase the price of sth ; to increase in price
a place connected to the Internet , where a company or an organization , or an individual person , puts information
special conditions or restrictions
a way or style of doing sth
all the things that a person is able to do
the place where a vet works
a piece of information or news
willing to take risks or to do sth shocking
more than sth ; greater in number , level or age than sb / sth
a piece of wax ( = a soft substance produced by bees ) , soft metal or paper that is placed across the opening of sth such as a letter or box and which has to be broken before the letter or box can be opened
either of the two small organs at the sides of the throat , near the base of the tongue
firm and crisp and making a sharp sound when you bite or crush it
something that helps to give a more accurate or fairer view of sb / sth
to stop breathing for a short time
the abbreviation for ‘ Member of the European Parliament ’
the sum of money that sb is ordered to pay for lawyers , etc. in a legal case
to ride a bicycle without using the pedals
a way of organizing sth , such as government or education , that involves one central group of people controlling the whole system
a glass of Scotch
a belief or set of beliefs held and taught by a Church , a political party , etc .
the kidneys of some animals that are cooked and eaten
if sth dry and light rustles or you rustle it , it makes a sound like paper , leaves , etc. moving or rubbing together
an object that has been broken
at a time in the future ; after the time you are talking about
if sth clouds your judgement , memory , etc , it makes it difficult for you to understand or remember sth clearly
a written record of events in the order in which they happened
so large or good that it amazes you
the quality of understanding or dealing with a subject at a very serious level
to make use of sb / sth in a way that is unfair or dishonest
the state of touching sth
impossible to achieve or reach
strength or influence in a particular area of activity
to have sth you have gained or achieved
a person who throws sth
having temperatures that are below 0 ° Celsius
everything or everyone except sth / sb
a mixture of flour , water , etc. that is made into bread and pastry
the season of the year between summer and winter , when leaves change colour and the weather becomes colder
an activity or a sport with rules in which people or teams compete against each other
not clear and hard to understand
an area controlled by one ruler
behaviour that is morally right or acceptable
thin soft paper used for cleaning yourself after you have used the toilet
the period of time just before sth important happens
to move forward
anger or complaints about sth , especially sth that is not important
to lean or stretch over sth in order to see sth better ; to stretch your neck
very ; in an unusual way
popular with the public ; successful
a seed from a coffee plant , or some other plants
to meet or cross each other
that has fallen to the bottom of the sea or the ocean , or of a lake or river
used with the numbers 1 to 12 when telling the time , to mean an exact hour
making sb feel pleased and special
to become fashionable
to go somewhere quietly , especially in order to avoid sth / sb
strong feelings and emotions
at or to a lower level , position or place
and other members of a group of people
with quick light steps or beats
relating to the physical needs and basic feelings of people
people who use their money to start businesses , considered as a group
during the period of time between two events ; until a particular event happens
bringing joy ; full of joy
used to say that sb knows how to do sth
in good health
to shine with a faint unsteady light
an official order or statement from the Pope ( = the head of the Roman Catholic Church )
to mention sth , especially in an indirect way
in which people have strong feelings such as worry , anger , etc. that often cannot be expressed openly
an area of a subject or situation that is not clear or does not fit into a particular group and is therefore difficult to define or deal with
a group of people , especially soldiers , that have been brought together
a task or piece of work that sb is given to do , usually as part of their job or studies
in or to a position higher than but not touching sb / sth ; above sb / sth
to talk to sb and answer ques tions at a formal meeting to get a job , a place on a course of study , etc .
very enthusiastic and showing strong feelings about sth / sb
to leave your boyfriend or girlfriend and stop having a relationship with him or her
to become worse
to stop using , buying or supporting sth
number
time that you spend working at your job after you have worked the normal hours
very serious and causing strong feelings
in , at or to any place , when it does not matter where
all the people who work for a particular company , organization , etc .
an instrument such as a hammer , screwdriver , saw , etc. that you hold in your hand and use for making things , repairing things , etc .
connected with or used for punishment , especially by law
the structure of an animal or a plant
badly made and not strong enough for the purpose for which it is used
to seem likely to happen or cause sth unpleasant
bullshit
used to refer to a thing in general rather than a particular example
old and torn ; in bad condition
a statement that discusses general principles or issues rather than details or particular examples
to make sth work by using electricity ; to pass an electrical current through sth
a quality or feature of sb / sth
rude and offensive remarks , usually made when sb is very angry
to work together with sb in order to produce or achieve sth
in the correct position ; ready for sth
designed to travel only over short distances
a small piece of advice about sth practical
places to sit ; seats
a claim to be or to do sth
to mark sb 's skin with a tattoo
in a way that shows sb accepts in a sensible way what it is actually possible to do or achieve
the act or process of changing sth from one form , use or system to another
connected with a parent or parents
the act of holding sth firmly in position or preventing it from falling
if sth is done with pinpoint accuracy , it is done exactly and in exactly the right position
a friendly informal manner
easily annoyed or irritated
a kind , sympathetic or emotional person
an occasion when sb is officially ordered to sell land or property to the government or other authority
turning while moving , in an elegant way ; having many curves
to no longer be able to function normally because of pressure
miles per hour
happening between two or more people who deal directly with each other rather than through another person
the amount of electricity that is put into a battery or carried by a substance
strength or energy
a symbol of peace ; sth you say or do to show that you wish to make peace with sb
a long time from the present ; for a large part of a particular period of time
the fact of being extremely patient and not complaining
to look at sb / sth , especially in a particular way
the ground at the side of a river
having a lot of exciting events
an important development that may lead to an agreement or achievement
to have personal experience of sth
a set of pronouns and verb forms used by a speaker to refer to other people and things
not interesting ; making you feel tired and impatient
a hard sticky sweet / candy made by heating sugar , butter and water together and allowing it to cool
to go somewhere in your car and collect sb who is waiting for you
the amount of money that you need in order to buy , make or do sth
to make detailed arrangements for sth you want to do in the future
to make a person , an animal , etc. behave in a particular way , so that it happens automatically
to be brought to sb
a piece of machinery used for a particular purpose
connected with sth else , but in addition to it and less important
not knowing how to be polite and pleasant to other people
a person or thing that uses sth
a type of dark grey stone that splits easily into thin flat layers
to say sth quietly
serious
to become or make sb become too anxious or tired to be able to relax
to make sb a priest , minister or rabbi
coins rather than paper money
to bring food from the stomach back out through the mouth
the end of a sports game
the profits or advantages that sb gets from being successful
to expect sb to do sth for you or to spend time with you , when it may not be convenient for them
a young person who works for an employer for a fixed period of time in order to learn the particular skills needed in their job
having more power or influence than others
to make sb lose respect for himself or herself
to represent information without using words
to struggle to deal with sth that is difficult
to manage to avoid or escape from sb / sth , especially in a clever way
to sit or lie down and relax , especially after working hard
a person who has the legal right to receive sb 's property , money or title when that person dies
belief in or support of unilateral action , especially the policy of getting rid of nuclear weapons without waiting for other countries to do the same
the fact of things being present at the same time
a name used for a person or thing in order to keep the real name secret
a square or rectangular piece of wood , glass or metal that forms part of a larger surface such as a door or wall
military weapons , ammunition and equipment
havin g their own government
the act of placing sb in a new position of authority , often with a ceremony
an act of criticizing sb / sth
pressure on sb to do or achieve sth
a thing that makes sth possible or enables you to achieve sth
the organization that is responsible for the government of a local area and for providing services , etc .
to surround a building , city , etc. with soldiers until the people inside are forced to let you in
people say Huh ? to show that they have not heard what sb has just said
all the events that happened in the past
to move slowly and quietly towards an animal or a person , in order to kill , catch or harm it or them
for which the reason or cause is not known ; that has not been explained
to talk about sth unimportant and boring for a long time
a statement in which you tell sb that you will punish or harm them , especially if they do not do what you want
separate
having too much liquid in it
a sudden and violent twist or pull
sure or certain ; unlikely to change
to move around in a container , often so that some liquid comes out over the edge
the force that attracts objects in space towards each other , and that on the earth pulls them towards the centre of the planet , so that things fall to the ground when they are dropped
in a way that was not planned but that is connected with sth else
the ground along either side of a river
to stop existing ; to disappear
to return sb / sth / yourself to the normal , vertical position
the act of reaching a compromise
a dark reddish-brown metal made by mixing copper and tin
to move across a rough surface
a particular level of temperature in a gas oven
a small round mark , especially one that is printed
divided into groups or levels on a scale
a situation in which a machine does not work because sth is stuck in one position
to be left money by sb who has died
having or showing a desire to harm other people
to pay sb what they have earned and tell them to leave their job
to run very quickly
if a numb er will go into another number , it is contained in that number an exact number of times
located in a poor area where social conditions are bad
to travel on water using sails or an engine
to wake sb up , especially when they are sleeping deeply
any of the twelve periods of time into which the year is divided , for example May or June
with the head first and the rest of the body following
an instrument with two long thin parts joined at one end , used for measuring the diameter of tubes and round objects ( = the distance across them )
a way of spelling ‘ old ’ that was used in the past and is now sometimes used in names and advertisements to give the impression that sth is traditional
the act of successfully completing a university degree , or studies at an American high school
more than usual or more than other things
a level or part within a system or set of ideas
either of the two long thin parts on the heads of some insects and some animals that live in shells , used to feel and touch things with
willing to help ; showing kindness to other people
to allow sb / yourself to believe sth that is not true
to repair a building , work of art , piece of furniture , etc. so that it lo oks as good as it did originally
not fitting close to the body and not curving away from the body
to behave badly in a way that makes you or other people feel ashamed
an illness in which waste matter is emptied from the bowels much more frequently than normal , and in liquid form
to put a baby to bed
to decide that sb / sth is not important and not worth thinking or talking about
to employ sb for a short time to do a particular job
the size of a horse or boat from one end to the other , when it is used to measure the distance between two horses or boats taking part in a race
a large vehicle such as an SUV that is designed to be used in the country but is used in towns and cities instead of a normal car
the branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of existence , truth and knowledge
in a way that is clearly intended to show what you mean or to express criticism
to discuss a plan , an idea , etc. until everyone agrees or a decision is made
of the type that you are just going to mention
to destroy or spoil sth or make it stop
to grow or develop freely without any control
a number of companies that are owned by the same person or organization
happening very quickly or suddenly and usually without enough care and thought
different from what is usual or accepted
something that exists separately from other things and has its own identity
the group of people in a country who are fashionable , rich and powerful
suggesting that you know sth secret that other people do not know
a world that is not like the real world ; a person 's idea of reality that is not realistic
a restaurant serving coffee , etc , especially one of a type popular in Britain in the 18th century or one in a city in Central Europe
making a situation worse or returning to how sth was in the past
to help sb to have a normal , useful life again after they have been very ill / sick or in prison for a long time
a game when only one player plays against one other ; a series of two or more of these games
( especially in the past ) a person who has power over many other people
burning and covered in flames
completely ; without hesitating or having any doubts
a kitchen utensil ( = a tool ) for stirring eggs , etc. very fast
a person or a company that buys goods from the company that makes them and sells them to sb else
an official order that bans trade with another country
a criminal conviction ( = the fact of being found guilty of a crime )
a person whose job is writing books , stories , articles , etc .
pay , earn , charge , etc. a lot of money
to attach sth , especially a picture , to a hook on a wall ; to be attached in this way
to be willing to pay a particular amount of money for sth
used when adding sth to support an idea or argument
to drive along slowly , especially when you are looking at or for sth
things that are needed in order to do a particular activity
to arrange to have sth such as a room , table , seat , or ticket in advance
to push sb / sth with your finger or with a pointed object
to travel in a ship or boat visiting different places , especially as a holiday / vacation
to come together for a formal meeting
either of the organs on the sides of the head that you hear with
a spy
not deserving respect ; immoral or unacceptable
a belief or an opinion that disagrees strongly with what most people believe
the abbreviation for ‘ Bachelor of Science ’ ( a first university degree in science )
a mixture of two different things , breeds of animal , etc .
an act of leaving sth in a liquid for a period of time ; an act of making sb / sth wet
the design and production of expensive and fashionable clothes ; these clothes
to leave money or sth valuable in a safe place
to involve you in making an effort or doing sth unpleasant
to be no longer valid because the period of time for which it could be used has ended
without success
a part of a building , like a small room with windows , that sticks out from a wall above the ground
to hang loosely and freely
the quality of being dense ; the degree to which sth is dense
used in the names of political parties in some countries
to pass electricity through sth so that it is stored there
to hit sb on the head
to move forward quickly through an area
to repair and decorate a house , etc .
the state of being sent to live in another country that is not your own , especially for political rea sons or as a punishment
to make sb healthier , stronger , more lively , etc .
to give permission for sth to take place
a list of facts or numbers arranged in a special order , usually in rows and columns
travelling through a place without stopping or without people having to get off one train and onto another
the act of accepting that sth exists , is true or is official
any chemical substance obtained from petroleum oil or natural gas
not excited , nervous or upset
to decide not to do sth because you think it will not be successful or because you think it will be better to do it later
a regular journey made by a judge to hear court cases in each of the courts of law in a particular area
the level at which sth starts to happen or have an effect
connected with information
to show that your vehicle is going to change direction , by using lights or your arm
to allow heat or electricity to pass along or t hrough it
to save or keep money or time for a particular purpose
dark because there are no lights or the lights are not switched on
the hard outer part of eggs , nuts , some seeds and some animals
as far as possible from the centre , the beginning or in the direction mentioned
to be involved in a game ; to compete against sb in a game
aware of new things that are happening
the state or feeling of being very similar to and able to understand sb / sth
all the recorded music previously produced by a musician
to twist sth together with another thing
a newspaper or magazine that deals with a particular subject or profession
to express a comparison or a contrast
a large vehicle for carrying heavy loads by roa d
admiration or praise that is given to sb , not because of sth that they have done , but because of sth that sb connected with them has done
a metal container with a lid , in the shape of a cylinder , in which paint , glue , etc. is sold and stored ; t he contents of one of these containers
a wheel or set of wheels over which a rope or chain is pulled in order to lift or lower heavy objects
to forgive sb for sth they have said or done ( used in many expressions when you want to be polite )
an exaggerated movement that you make when you want sb to notice you
used in the position of the subject or object of a verb when the real subject or object is at the end of the sentence
a place that is high above s ea level
wood that is artificially shaped for making furniture
the work involved in taking care of a home and family , for example cleaning and cooking
to change from one state , position , etc. to another
according to the laws that deal with crime
all the teachers in a faculty of a college or university
designed to cause fires
a mixture of people or things of different kinds
a tendency to be easily offended or upset by sth
the way that parts of a machine or a system work ; the process of making sth work
to hit sth / sb very hard
a series of games that a team wins against another team ; the fact of winning all the parts of a contest
chance or luck , especially in the way it affects people 's lives
to spread all over or through sb / sth
weakness or illness over a long period
to search a place carefully for sth
always doing sth or enjoying sth , and unlikely to stop
if a drug or treatment is contraindicated , there is a medical reason why it should not be used in a particular situation
full of or containing many small stones
the quality of being quick or rapid
connected with the relationship between two things , where one causes the other to happen
to be of a high enough standard to enter a competition ; to defeat another person or team in order to enter or continue in a competition
the abbreviation for ‘ do-it-yourself ’ ( the activity of making , repairing or decorating things in the home yourself , instead of paying sb to do it )
growing or living in , on or near water
a way of thinking about sth , especially one that shows support for a particular opinion or side in a disagreement
used to show the degree or amount of sth
to make a strong clear mark or pattern on sth
to make sth stay at a low level ; to avoid increasing sth
to take information from a disk
the name of a book , poem , painting , piece of music , etc .
carrying a weapon , especially a gun
used to refer to senior politicians of the main opposition party who would become government ministers if their party won the next election
light fine rain
a slight argument between close friends or lovers
too heavy and fat
to arrange sb 's hair while it is wet so that it dries in a particular style
to send a message to sb by radio
the written form of the way some people pronounce ‘ I 've got you ’ , which is not considered to be correct
the way in which light meets a surface
to talk quickly in a way that is difficult to understand
the position of sb / sth in a race or a competition or in a list arranged in order of success
to grow together again to form one piece ; to make broken bones grow together again
planning for only one day at a time
a speech sound in which the mouth is open and the tongue is not touching the top of the mouth , the teeth , etc , for example / ɑː , e , ɔː /
only
to move around making a lot of noise or coming out over the edge of sth
intended to win back the friendship and approval of an angry or aggressive person
sympathy or love for sb / sth
one of a series of things that you do in order to achieve sth
to become , or to make sb / sth become , conscious or healthy and strong again
that can be believed or trusted
to touch or rub sb / sth with the nose or mouth , especially to show affection
to work together with sb to do sth wrong or illegal
to hit sth , especially a part of your body , against or on sth
money in the form of coins or notes / bills
used when you are saying that you want sth very much
which the people taking part have agreed to
used to show that you are surprised
relating to Spain and Portugal
with your feet touching the ground before any other part of your body
an act of having to land an aircraft unexpectedly in order to avoid a crash
a long angry speech criticizing sb / sth or accusing sb of sth
to formally write or say sth , especially in a careful and clear way
a person who attacks sb
to mark or correct a text , etc , for example for printing
to express sth in a different language
making sb / sth seem more important or better than they are
something that you say , write or do to react to a question or situation
a sudden powerful forward movement of the body and arm that a person makes towards another person or thing , especially when attacking or trying to take hold of them
to make sb believe sth that is not true
using no more of sth than is necessary
to gradually get more and more of sth over a period of time
needing a lot of effort , money or time to succeed
a situation in which two or more people meet together , because they have arranged it or by chance
to show that you are happy about your own success or sb else 's failure , in an unpleasant way
the process of an egg being fertilized inside a woman 's body so that she becomes pregnant
bright red in colour
not important in a particular situation
designed to teach people sth , especially a moral lesson
the state of knowing sb / sth well ; the state of recognizing sb / sth
a rich , fashionable person who travels a lot
the general arrangement , plan , design , etc. of sth
the act of delaying sth for a period of time , until a decision has been taken
that you can or should classify
the quality of being the same ; a lack of variety
to start a game such as ice hockey
either of a pair of thin pieces of clothing that fit closely over a woman 's legs and feet
to make sb feel less confident ; to make sb / sth feel or seem less important
to say words in a language
an object that has entered sth by accident and should not be there
the process of improving sth or of making sth pure
a person who wants to succeed at sth
connected with the spine ( = the long bone in the back )
a level of a building ; a floor
without any qualities or noticeable characteristics
powerful and making people admire and obey you
to show sadness , fear , ang er , etc ; to make sb look sad , afraid , angry , etc .
accommodation for people who need help , for example with tasks like washing and dressing themselves
a struggle to gain control or power
to play a musical instrument , especially a guitar , by pulling the strings with your fingers
a chemical substance in common use that is a compound of sodium
a small injury where the surface of the skin has been slightly broken by rubbing against sth
to hold sb / sth tightly with your arms around them
to force sb to accept your ideas or beliefs , for example by repeating the same thing many times or by preventing the person from thinking clearly
to talk or write about sth in a very enthusiastic way
encouragement to do sth
to give praise or attention to a new book , film / movie , etc. in order to encourage people to buy it or see it
used to show that sth is prevented
to say sth in a way that makes it seem more important than it really is
a death that is caused in an accident or a war , or by violence or disease
easily broken up into small pieces
when words come out , they are spoken
a person or company that has a contract to do work or provide goods or services for another company
a particular quality that words , sounds , etc. have
when you start a machine or a vehicle or it starts , it begins to operate
to turn part of your body around while the rest stays still
a change from an accepted style
a design or a shield that is a special symbol of a family , city or other organization
a light dry sound like leaves or pieces of paper moving or rubbing against each other
to do what you are told or expected to do
to cheat sb , especially by taking money from them
the sport or activity of climbing mountains
to deliberately change the meaning of what sb has said , or to present facts in a particular way , in order to benefit yourself or harm sb else
a situation in which two events happen at the same time so that you cannot go to or see them both
having practical knowledge and understanding of sth ; having common sense
a shop that sells bread and cakes
to shut , or to make sth shut , with a lot of force , making a loud noise
not worried or anxious
covered with flour
a container used for holding liquids , such as a bowl , cup , etc .
to eat or drink sth especially sth that is offered to you
calculated according to how much of sth has been used , the amount of work done , etc .
the amount that a plate holds
to become or make sth become fixed in one position and unable to move
directly
the study of plants and animals ; an account of the plant and animal life of a particular place
trousers / pants for women that fit tightly over the legs , made of cloth that stretches easily
to bend or move from a vertical position
to make a statement that sth happened or that sth is true , especially as a witness in court
used when talking to a young girl , especially to express anger or affection
serious thoughts on a particular subject that sb writes down or speaks
a person who thinks in a particular way
people who have no special knowledge or experience of sth
the state of being bankrupt
to walk or travel somewhere steadily , with great effort or difficulty
a picture that is made by using a camera that has a film sensitive to light inside it
to introduce a proposal for a new law , etc .
to work in a particular way
to remove people or things that are not necessary or wanted
a group of people or nations who have combined for a particular purpose
to make changes to a business , system , etc. in order to make it more efficient , especially by spending less money
a container in which a liquid such as paint or insect poison is kept under pressure and released as a spray or as foam
a grave . People say ‘ resting place ’ to avoid saying ‘ grave ’ .
alone , with no other people or things around
a combination of things that you need to make sth , often sold as a powder to which you add water , etc .
the use of the human voice to create the beat in hip hop
the noise made by a group of people clapping their hands and sometimes shouting to show their approval or enjoyment
to keep sth in its original state in good condition
the period since the birth of Christ when the Christian calendar starts counting years
to say officially and / or publicly that sth is not true
to remove things from a vehicle or ship after it has taken them somewhere
dangerous because of big waves , etc .
the crime of destroying or damaging sth , especially public property , deliberately and for no good reason
to some degree
to spread sth or become spread widely in all directions
to spend time in places or conditions that are much worse than those you are used to
a person working in the area of business mentioned ; a person concerned with the thing mentioned
of very low quality
lacking skill when using your hands or when dealing with people
a small , simply built house or shelter
a position at which the controls on a machine can be set , to set the speed , height , temperature , etc .
higher or nearer the top than other things
an arrangement with a shop / store or business to pay bills for goods or services at a later time , for example in regular amounts every month
near in position ; not far away
the most important thing
a statement containing two opp osite ideas that make it seem impossible or unlikely , although it is probably true ; the use of this in writing
to show sth to sb quickly
if you say that a situation is unfortunate , you wish that it had not happened or that it had been different
a vegetable of the onion family with a very strong taste and smell , used in cooking to give flavour to food
to adjust a musical instrument so that it plays at the correct pitch
the effort , loss or damage that is involved in order to do or achieve sth
rails that a train moves along
the distance between the end of one wing and the end of the other when the wings are fully stretched
flat ; having no depth ; appearing to have only two dimensions
warm in an unpleasant way and without enough fresh air
in a particular situation or in particular circumstances
the part of a political party whose members are most in favour of social change
showing great excitement or worry
having hips of the size or shape mentioned
not supported by written evidence
crushed and made into a powder
a secret piece of information that is known only by the people at a particular company
used to show the form , shape , arrangement or quantity of sth
a particular item or separate thing , especially one of a set
something that sticks out from a surface
to give information to sb by speaking or writing
containing a lot of fat ; consisting of fat
to miss an opportunity to do sth well
the things that are contained in sth
to prepare sb / yourself for sth difficult or unpleasant that is going to happen
to act as a lawyer for sb who has been charged with a crime
a statement accusing sb of doing sth wrong or bad
different in some way from others of the same kind because of a change in its genetic structure
an adult female human
to get rid of sb / sth that you do not want or cannot keep
an adverb used especially after a verb to show position , direction of movement , etc .
likely to be successful and popular in the future
having pleats
to become white or pale by a chemical process or by the effect of light from the sun ; to make sth white or pale in this way
a person , especially a child , who is under the legal protection of a court or another person ( called a guardian )
to travel the distance mentioned
to make sb / yourself believe that sth is true
an urgent demand or request for sth
treated in a special way or receiving special help or advantages in a way that may seem unfair
to recognize sb / sth and be able to identify them / it
to not do or fail to do sth
made using elastic material that can stretch
a very small dot of light or colour
limited in some way
a situation where one team easily beats another
the male ruler of a small country or state that has a royal family ; a male member of this family , especially the son o r grandson of the ruler
an important priest in some other non-Christian religions
quick and unkind
used by or intended for one particular person or group of people
a good or evil spirit that controls the lives of others
two or more things joined or mixed together to form a single unit
a room where a class of children or students is taught
to be responsible for planning and publishing a newspaper , magazine , etc . ( = to be the editor )
the last part of sth , especially when it is less important or interesting
having the power to decide sth
a large amount of sth ; a large number of things or people
the process of sending sb / sth in different directions ; the process of spreading sth over a wide area
showing that sb is very worried
to move , or to make a liquid move , in a particular direction or around a particular place
if a building or an area decays , its condition slowly becomes worse
made of gold
very high and impressive
having good qualities but not very interesting or exciting
a large building or covered area that has many shops / stores , restaurants , etc. inside it
the best , longest , etc. thing of its kind made , produced , writ ten , etc. until now / then
the act of sb becoming a member of a group , often with a special ceremony ; the act of introducing sb to an activity or skill
used to say that a particular situation is not normal or expected
to reach a point where you realize , understand or believe sth
to look carefully for sth / sb ; to examine a particular place when looking for sb / sth
measuring a short distance fro m one side to the other , especially in relation to length
to move to the side of the road or to the place mentioned and stop
a person , thing or situation that has two opposite features and therefore seems strange
covered with or containing liquid , especially water
a flat paper container used for sending letters in
to put a dot above or next to a letter or word
on the other side ; further on
providing an express service
a unit of measurement for the size of letters in printing or on a computer screen , etc .
an opinion on or an attitude towards a particular subject
the service of providing medical care
similar to or having the colour of copper
the use by humans of a system of sounds and words to communicate
containing more liquid than is normal or expected
connected with identifying sth , especially an illness
a substance that is forced out of a container such as an aerosol , in very small drops
to buy a drink or meal for sb
dull , heavy or slow
a number of things that are wrapped or tied together , especially for carrying
total and complete
a person who spoils other people 's enjoyment , for example by not taking part in an activity or by trying to stop other people from doing it
to become red as a result of a strong emotion ; to make sth become red
support and protection that is provided when sb is attacking or in danger of being attacked
used to refuse sth or to show that you are annoyed at a request ; used to express surprise about an event or a situation
to have a particular effect or result
to make sb start breathing again or become conscious again after they have almost died
a place where two bones are joined together in the body in a way that enables them to bend and move
offered as a sacrifice
the act of breathing
as a whole
to give all your attention to sth and not think about anything else
used to ask sb politely to do sth
used to form adjectives showing that sth is full of , or loaded with , the thing mentioned
bad and unkind feelings towards sb
the front part of a bird 's body
a round object or piece of sth
to be joined to another road or river but lead in a different direction
affecting only one part of the body
a person who has no experience of a particular activity
the state that exists when people obey laws , rules or authority
made of baked clay
already decided or planned by God or by fate
to affect sth , especially in a negative way
extremely large or great
a group of people who work or perform together
considering that
of a size that can be measured in nanometres
to make a long deep sound or series of sounds
in the area near a place
the light that comes from the sun during the day
unable to hear anything or unable to hear very well
information about sth
not healthy ; painful
the group of people or the organization that provides an air traffic control service
to raise sb / sth or be raised to a higher position or level
a strong shaking movement
to stop doing a job , etc .
to make a rough unpleasant sound
seriously affected by the thing mentioned
used before the name of a judge in a court of appeal
to start to have an effect again , after a period of not having any effect
a man who works for or supports a particular organization , comes from a particular town , etc .
a remark , especially when sb says it to achieve a particular purpose
the feeling that you are likely to vomit ( = bring food back up from the stomach to the mouth ) ; the fact of vomiting
existing in the same state without change or interruption
to fight or struggle with each other for a short time , in a way that is not very serious
very fat and ugly
to discover gold , oil , etc. by digging or drilling
a person or organization 's level of importance when compared with others
to take control of sth such as a town again
the state of two things not being at an equally high or low level ; an example of this
the action of taking air into the lungs and sending it out again
has not / have not
also ; as well
carrying the thing mentioned
to move a sports team from playing with one group of teams to playing in a better group
to move sth quickly up and down or in a nd out
to make sb feel shy , awkward or ashamed , especially in a social situation
having parts that are hard and twisted together
the basic outline of a plan , piece of writing , etc. to which more details can be added later
a tendency to a particular kind of behaviour
used to show the role of a person or thing in a situation
to cut off sb 's head
to tend to think or behave in a particular way ; to make sb do this
used in or connected with surgery
to produce sth in written form so that people can read , perform or use it , etc .
to be made to look like sth else
detailed and exact
used to show that you are surprised or shocked by sth
a group of soldiers living in a town or fort to defend it ; the buildings these soldiers live in
an act of marching ; a journey made by marching
to finish a drink or eat sth quickly
a person who supports monetarism
to occur together or at the same time
to make sth seem more exciting or important than it really is
the crime of stealing sth from sb ; an occasion when this takes place
a situation that is full of confusion , especially because sb has made a mistake
a feeling of responsibility or worry that is difficult to deal with
doing sth for enjoyment or interest , not as a job
badly
to perform , act or practise sth
a line of seats in a cinema / movie theater , etc .
made of silk
to make a position , an agreement , etc. more definite or official ; to establish sb / sth firmly
to describe or be connected to sb / sth
from the time of the British king Edward VII ( 1901 – 1910 )
to keep feelings or thoughts , especially negative ones , in your mind for a long time
not fixed permanently in one particular position or place
to fully develop a particular skill or quality
a person who works as a professional , especially in a sport
a period of 1 000 years , especially as calculated before or after the birth of Christ
done or happening gradually at different times and often in different ways , rather than carefully planned at the beginning
a period of mental illness in which sb becomes very depressed , anxious and tired , and cannot deal with normal life
having the type of tail mentioned
to affect or make sth affect , be known by , or used by more and more people
in a way that shows surprise and / or admiration
to sell more or to be sold in larger quantities than sb / sth
not bright
a person who has an official position
to mark part of a text with a special coloured pen , or to mark an area on a computer screen , to emphasize it or make it easier to see
a situation in which nothing happens as planned
a mass of small bubbles , especially on the surface of a liquid
connected with mania ( 2 )
used to praise sb who has made an effort to improve
a small room or a small space
a flat , usually round , dish that you put food on
the part of sth that faces downwards and is not usually seen
used to emphasize a word or phrase , even if it is not actually true in a literal sense
to make sb slightly angry
thinking more about the needs , happiness , etc. of other people than about your own
an unkind way of saying that you are pleased that sb / sth has gone
that everyone accepts or recognizes
a large amount of a substance that does not have a definite shape or form
with nothing blocking or stopping sb / sth
asking a question ; in the form of a question
a short jump by a person on one foot
the highest gear in a vehicle
to store a website on a computer connected to the Internet , usually in return for payment
used when talking about prices , quantities and rates
a long angry talk that sb gives to one person or a group of people because they have done sth wrong
a person , often sb who is involved with the arts , who lives in a very informal way without following accepted rules of behaviour
to look very pleased or satisfied
used to express fear , anger , or some other strong emotion
nervous and easily upset
used to emphasize one
having been made into malt
not seeming real or genuine
to discover or find out about sb / sth by reading
a man who has never been married
a person who has the most power or authority in a particular business or activity
to be very critical of sb 's ideas , opinions , etc .
used to refer to the police and the legal system
the present period of time
old and damaged
the years of a particular century
to make sb feel extremely unhappy or anxious
the process of removing restrictions and making sth such as land or jobs available to more people
to remove sth from sth larger ; to become separated from sth
giving a warm bright light
a way of behaving that other people think is rude or not appropriate
to spend time relaxing or being lazy
using vehicles with engines
the outer layer of sb 's personality ; how they seem to be or feel
a small baguette or part of one that is filled with food and eaten as a sandwich
an offence against God or against a religious or moral law
considered by society to be acceptable , good or correct
the interesting places , especially in a town or city , that are often visited by tourists
to have a powerful effect on sb / sth
a particularly good and successful year
to be able to accept and deal with sth unpleasant
praise and approval
connected with relationships between people
the state of being calm and without much noise
a choice or way of making progress towards sth
to say officially in court that sb is to receive a particular punishment
the freedom and the time to think or do what you want to
that you do not know or recognize
used when swearing to mean ‘ in the name of ’
to include a variety of different things in addition to those mentioned
in which you can buy or do everything you want in one place
to move backwards or forwards or from side to side while hanging from a fixed point ; to make sth do this
including many famous actors , players , etc .
an animal or a person that is killed and offered as a sacrifice
a small flat round cake made of a bread-like mixture , usually containing dried fruit
covered in a lot of grease or oil
not perfect ; not working or made correctly
curving in
to make a sound by hitting a surface again and again
an amount of money that is paid back to you because you have paid too much
to remove a program from a computer
a person who is kind and easy to like
the crime of attacking sb physically
the sudden movement and sound of air or water rushing past
that cannot be taken away from you
to lift and move earth , stones , coal , etc. with a shovel
used instead of one before some numbers
to happen or to do sth by chance
making you extremely angry
to be available to be bought ; to make sth available to be bought
to make an official decision about who is right in a disagreement between two groups or organizations
a collection of historical documents or records of a government , a family , a place or an organization ; the place where these records are stored
anxious , excited or slightly angry
the special way animals behave in order to attract a mate for producing young animals
an object with a round folding frame of long straight pieces of metal covered with material , that you use to protect yourself from the rain or from hot sun
the ability to breathe , grow , reproduce , etc. which people , animals and pl ants have before they die and which objects do not have
helpful by doing what you are asked to do
lacking friendly human feelings or atmosphere ; making you feel unimportant
being planned ; happening
a person who does sth very well or with a lot of energy
one page of an electronic presentation , that may contain text and images , that is usually viewed on a computer screen or projected onto a larger screen
not surprised
intended to make other people feel enthusiastic about sth
a clock that you can set to ring a bell , etc. at a particular time and wake you up
one of four or five positions of the gears in a vehicle
a small hole in a tyre made by a sharp point
the fact of an idea , event , etc. being like another and reminding you of it ; sth that reminds you of sth else
not trying to trick anyone ; honest and direct
not married or having a romantic relationship with sb
to go to a place and bring sb / sth back
used to say what must or should be done
frightened of sth or afraid that sth bad might happen
involving movements that do not put a lot of stress on the body
a person who eats meat , fish , eggs , etc .
most suitable or appropriate
used to talk to people in church or to talk about the members of a male religious group
a loud sound without words that expresses a stron g feeling
money in any form
to have or use sth at the same time as sb else
to produce sth such as heat , light , etc .
to fold sth in a particular way
to go forward in a game in order to try to score goals or points
a window or an opening to allow light in
threats or force that are used to make sb do sth
a machine that can perform a complicated series of tasks automatically
a stock excuse , answer , etc. is one that is often used because it is easy and convenient , but that is not very original
a medical condition that causes you to react badly or feel ill / sick when you eat or touch a particular substance
to take responsibility for sth
to touch sth lightly so that it moves in a particular direction
a measurement of the power of an atom to c ombine with others , by the number of hydrogen atoms it can combine with or displace
of or connected with seeing or sight
to be worth a particular number of points
consisting of tents ; like a tent
used , stressing the , to show that the person or thing referred to is famous or important
the process of helping sth to develop or to be successful
connected with the heart or heart disease
to begin , or to begin sth such as a career , in a particular way that changed later
placed in a high and / or dangerous position
a person or group of people whose job is to check that companies are not doing anything illegal or ignoring people 's rights
having existed for a very long time
to put sth into sth else or between two things
a smell , especially one that is unpleasant
not in agreement with sth ; not supporting an idea , aim , etc .
an area of ground , especially of a particular type or used for a particular purpose
spread out in a level , straight position , especially against another surface
very wet
to put sth on one side and not use it or think about it
to form an organization or a group again in a different way
a person 's first name rather than the name that they share with the other members of their family ( = their surname )
according to the exact meaning , facts etc .
higher than the area around
where there is a lot of exciting activity ; fashionable
jobs that are done to enable an organization or computer system to work well
a ball that moves in a curve when it is thrown to the batter
in prison
a knot with two loops and two loose ends which is used for decoration on clothes , in hair , etc. or for tying shoes
an important basic fact or piece of knowledge about a subject
in which the amount of carbon dioxide produced has been reduced to nothing or is balanced by actions that protect the environment
an official report or statement that gives particular information to the government or another body
to buy and sell illegal drugs
the subject or main idea in a talk , piece of writing or work of art
a logical connection between the parts of sth , or between two things
in very bad condition ; that has not been taken care of
a piece of thick material like a small carpet that is used for covering or decorating part of a floor
an evil spirit
a series of regular blows to sth , such as a drum ; the sound that this makes
in order to visit sb for a short time
part
easily influenced or affected by sb / sth
a period during which sb does not work but remains employed by a company in order to prevent them working for another company
having the colour of grass or the leaves of most plants and trees
very serious , formal , boring or old-fashioned
a shape like a curve or circle made by a line curving right round and crossing itself
having headquarters in a particular place
to turn or change direction suddenly ; to make sth do this
a strict policy or attitude
very much ; to a particular degree
very carefully and thoroughly
belonging to a class of nouns , pronouns or adjectives that have masculine gender , not feminine or neuter
to officially accuse sb of a crime
to turn left or right where a road , etc. divides into two
making you feel full of energy because it is cold
sexually offensive
without sth that was there before
money that is available to be spent
a person who organizes sth or advises sb
the arrangement of musical notes in a tune
ordinary clothes , not uniform , when worn by police officers on duty
not injured or harmed
to make sth / sb move quickly or suddenly
a person who is dirty or whose clothes and hair are not tidy
to turn or move your body , eyes or head around quickly to face another direction
the activity of learning about sth without a teacher to help you
that can change or be changed
parts that are joined together in order to make a large thing exist
belonging to us ; connected with us
a man who treats people in an unkind , cruel way
quite strong and cold
to be forced to stay somewhere or suffer sth unpleasant for a long time
the celebration every year of the date when two people were married
able to talk and express yourself clearly
more and more all the time
a series of performances of music , plays , films / movies , etc , usually organized in the same place once a year ; a series of public events connected with a particular activity or idea
connected with people who are gay
to happen before sth or come before sth / sb in order
to give your opponent or the other team an advantage
to exist at the same time or in the same place as sth ; to be found together
the army , the navy and the air force ; the work done by people in them
a feeling that you suddenly have that gets stronger and stronger
a game in which two or four players use rackets to hit a ball backwards and forwards across a net on a specially marked court
a situation in which people , groups or countries are involved in a serious disagreement or argument
something that is part of an austere way of life
either of a pair of marks , ( ) placed around extra information in a piece of writing or part of a problem in mathematics
a round loaf of bread
a husband or sexual partner
becoming more and more successful
a fairly large amount of sth
towards yourself and your interests
to continue with an activity
to move , or to move sth , into a particular position quickly , especially with a sudden sharp noise
the last part of a word , that is added to a main part
used with an adjective to refer to a person , especially a man
used especially in a letter or card to say that you hope that sb will be happy , well or successful
causing bad luck
a liquid used for cleaning , protecting or treating the skin
to cry
to change a previous decision , law , etc. to the opposite one
the ability to think of new projects and make them successful
no , used when answering a question
a piece of information that is sent from the brain to a part of the body , or from a part of the body to the brain
saying or doing sth that you do not really mean or believe
having enough money to pay debts ; able to survive
to become or to make sth become smaller , weaker , etc .
the state of being physically healthy and strong
small in quantity and poor in quality
to feel that sth is important and worth worrying about
the thing that keeps sth strong and healthy and is necessary for successful development
a small bed with high sides for a baby or young child
a dirty untidy woman
something that shows the changes that are happening in an economic , social or political situation
a thing that holds sth and prevents it from falling
the use of the imagination to express ideas or feelings , particularly in painting , drawing or sculpture
found in a particular part of a book , list , etc .
to become conscious again
a unit for measuring weight ; 1 000 grams
bad ; of very bad quality
to notice sth
the result of a test or an experiment that shows that a substance or condition is not present
to write or give your opinion of , or reaction to , a set of ideas , a work of art , etc .
a person 's male child
to hit sth in a way that makes a loud noise
having or showing hatred and a desire to harm sb or hurt their feelings
slightly crazy because you are very excited about sb / sth , or very much in love
a slope that is difficult to ski down
the identity of the person who wrote sth , especially a book
with very bad manners
a card from the set of spades
a person who is between 13 and 19 years old
to cook nuts , beans , etc. in order to dry them and turn them brown ; to be cooked in this way
as far up or down as the point mentioned
to give sb / sth to sb else so that they are under this person 's control
behaving in a crazy way because you are extremely upset or worried
to leave sb in a place that they cannot escape from , for example an island
the opposite of what has just been mentioned
to try very hard to do sth when it is difficult or when there are a lot of problems
a sudden shaking movement of your body because you are cold , frightened , excited , etc .
the ability to understand sb / sth or to do sth in a sensitive way
with the wind blowing quite strongly
to put sb at a disadvantage by treating them unfairly
a person 's particular way of behaving , thinking , etc , especially when it is unusual ; an unusual feature
describing or setting standards or rules of behaviour
the order in which a series of events happened ; a list of these events in order
a slope or set of steps that can be moved , used for loading a vehicle or getting on or off a plane
not involving much or any risk ; not likely to be wrong or to upset sb
nervous , especially about what might happen
( in the US ) a university where students can study for a degree after they have left school
to be obvious or easy to see
an opinion or a suggestion about what sb should do in a particular situation
the circumstances or situation in which people live , work or do things
the act of calibrating
the right to do or say what you want without anyone stopping you
a local office or shop / store belonging to a large company or organization
to break a promise , an agreement , etc .
if you face a particular situation , or it faces you , you have to deal with it
not hidden or secret
to have a particular idea after you have studied sth or thought about it
to touch sb with your lips as a sign of love , affection , sexual desire , etc , or when saying hello or goodbye
a thing or things that are owned by sb ; a possession or possessions
slow to speak or act because you feel uncertain , embarrassed or unwilling
angry criticism for sth bad sb has done
to grow in many different directions , especially over other plants or objects
to make a woman start giving birth to her baby by giving her special drugs
a hard surface built for vehicles to travel on
the business of selling houses or land for building
to do sb 's work or duties while they are away
a thing that helps , encourages or improves sb / sth
the amount of sound that is produced by a television , radio , etc .
a person who looks for and collects a particular kind of thing
an illness that is caused by bacteria or a virus and that affects one part of the body
an official meeting or series of meetings between the leaders of two or more governments at which they discuss important matters
a short loud sound
without deciding in advance what is going to happen , or without any regular pattern
used to say what you like , love , hate , etc .
in a definite and direct way ; completely
to own or have sth
without warmth or colour so it makes you feel depressed
to be equally successful in another place and not just where it began
a book that has a thick paper cover
not very loud
to belong to a particular class , group or area of responsibility
the land beside or near to the sea or ocean
thin pieces that have been cut off sth
to have qualities , physical features , etc. that are similar to those of your parents , grandparents , etc .
a type of court with the authority to deal with a particular problem or disagreement
a person or thing that is wished for
the state of continuing to live or exist , often despite difficulty or danger
to look quickly at sth / sb
a swear word that many people find offensive that is used to emphasize a comment or an angry statement
the quality or state of being dark in colour
a quick hard kick
difficult or impossible to define or explain
the system of wires that is used for supplying electricity to a building or machine
a person long ago in the past who belonged to a European people which was considered wild and uncivilized
a large group of people , especially of the same type
a victory in a game , contest , etc .
a friendly way of addressing a male person
to become or to make sth become hard by heating
having to explain your actions to sb in authority over you
to move or to make sth move very quickly , often with a high whistling sound
to officially recognize and accept sb as a member of a group
movement or travel backwards and forwards between two or more places
a speech problem in which a person finds it difficult to say the first sound of a word and repeats it several times
a wild animal of the cat family
millimetre ( s )
a sudden fall in sales , prices , the value of sth , etc .
something that you do or say to show a particular feeling or intention
a level of behaviour that sb considers to be morally acceptable
located away from the coast , on high ground or towards the north of an area
in a weak way
to make a liquid pure by heating it until it becomes a gas , then cooling it and collecting the drops of liquid that form
to move yourself slowly and with effort
so hot that it looks red
to annoy sb , especially by sth you continuously do or by sth that continuously happens
unhappy or showing unhappiness
a written text of a play , film / movie , broadcast , talk , etc .
the hard material that the trunk and branches of a tree are made of ; this material when it is used to build or make things with , or as a fuel
involving a lot of violence and killing
in which a performer or type of product is successful for the first time , when it is likely to be even more successful in the future
to take sb / sth to or from an area by aircraft , especially in an emergency or when roads are closed or dangerous
to push a bone out of its normal pos ition
a child whose parents are dead
covered with icing
to take drugs by breathing them in through the nose
to be reaching the time when sth must be done
to increase in amount or number
connected with the job of state governor in the US
to criticize or punish sb very severely
to protest or complain about sth / sb
to move with a lot of force against sth solid ; to make sth do this
a person or thing that is strange and interesting because you do not know much about them or it
the vehicles that are on a road at a particular time
to be certain that sth is good or useful
to put varnish on the surface of sth
that copies sb / sth
an office or organization that provides information on a particular subject
used in comparisons to show how much more , better , etc. sth is than sth else
to succeed in getting control of sth that other people are also trying to control
the flat pale sweet nut of the almond tree used in cooking and to make almond oil
a title of respect used by an official of high rank
to be successful / not successful in a fight , contest , etc .
a structure that is built over a road , railway / railroad , river , etc. so that people or vehicles can cross from one side to the other
a small piece of land that is used or intended for a special purpose
a loud noise especially one that is made by a lot of people or animals
Fellow of
small and delicate in a way that people find attractive
a white powder that is mixed with water and becomes very hard when it dries , used especially for making copies of statues or holding broken bones in place
used for saying what you want to happen
to twist three or more long pieces of hair , rope , etc. together to make one long piece
something that you can find out indirectly from what you already know
to give sb / sth a higher position or rank , often more important than they deserve
to make your skin or a part of your body sore or painful
( in the US ) the smallest size for women 's clothes , used to describe women who are extremely thin
straight up or down
when a gas or a liquid discharges or is discharged , or sb discharges it , it flows somewhere
an extremely impressive or exciting person or thing
to move , or to move sb , to a different sports team , especially a professional football ( soccer ) team
a road or way over or through mountains
a lack of food during a long period of time in a region
to make sb share a particular feeling
a person who is trained to repair machines and electrical equipment
something that you do to make sb believe sth which is not true , or to annoy sb as a joke
to become fine or bright
a student who is in the grade mentioned
the quality of being kind
a distance or period of time between two points
extremely cold
to move quickly forwards in time , especially to a later point in a story
involving speaking rather than writing ; expressed in speech rather than in writing
great beauty
very unusual
a religious song or prayer or a way of singing , using only a few notes that are repeated many times
a period of time when sb is not working or not doing sth that they normally do regularly
a strong border or structure of wood , metal , etc. that holds a picture , door , piece of glass , etc. in position
having or showing strong feelings of sexual love or of anger , etc .
a device that you look through to aim a gun , etc. or to look at sth through a telescope , etc .
in or to a foreign country
to paint sth with an airbrush ; to change a detail in a photograph with an airbrush
a large boat that carries people or goods by sea
the abbreviation for ‘ random-access memory ’ ( computer memory in which data can be changed or removed and can be looked at in any order )
to be similar or close to st h in nature , quality , amount , etc , but not exactly the same
an amount or a number of sth
to catch a fish with a hook
the joint between the hand and the arm
considering a whole thing or being to be more than a collection of parts
impressive in size , appearance or manner
of a standard size
more important than anything else in a particular situation
a person who is very good at sth because they have a lot of experience in it
suffering from or caused by arthritis
to say sth in a slow and serious voice without much expression
the activity of secretly getting important political or military information about another country or of finding out another company 's secrets by using spies
the organization of the people and systems that are used by a government to protect a country from attack
to increase the amount or level of sth
to look at or examine a person or thing that seems interesting or attractive
causing disaster or failure
the social class whose members do not have much money or power and are usually employed to do manual work ( = physical work using their hands )
to remove sb from a job or position
obtained too easily and having little value
performing at an expected rate or level
forming pa rt of sth ( although perhaps not directly expressed )
used with plural nouns and verbs , especially in negative sentences or in more formal English , to mean ‘ a large number of ’ . Also used in questions to ask about the size of a number , and with ‘ as ’ , ‘ so ’ and ‘ too ’ .
to produce an egg ( called an ovum ) , from the ovary
like the end of the world
used before numbers to mean ‘ approximately ’
used to introduce a different suggestion , after a sentence with if
an official document containing questions and spaces for answers
something that is said or written that refers to or mentions another person or subject in an indirect way ( = alludes to it )
dressed in a particular way
strong feelings of love or pity
used when you are dividing or choosing sth , and three or more people or things are involved
to be often used together in a language
to be upset or offended
in a direction towards the middle of a country ; away from the coast
a small US island near San Francisco where there is a former prison
very badly
extremely annoyed , especially if you cannot do anything to improve the situation
used for asking sb to repeat sth that you have not heard clearly
strong and not likely to fail or become weak
the state of being cold
to move quickly and quietly , for example in order not to be noticed ; to make sth move in this way
very stupid and showing no sympathy or understanding
a se nior teacher at a British university just below the rank of a professor
the time when the sea has risen to its highest level ; the sea at this time
the movement or sound of the heart as it sends blood around the body
exactly like a real person or thing
a short practice or a series of gentle exercises that you do to prepare yourself for doing a particular sport or activity
liking sb very much ; in love with sb
to make sth complete or perfect , especially by adding an achievement , a success , etc .
to become less interesting to sb over a period of time because they have done or seen it too much
to show signs of sth , especially a quality or feeling
to treat sb badly or in an unfair way
to find or have enough space for sb / sth in a place
the state of being hidden
to heat a clay object to make it hard and strong
to divide into smaller groups that are no longer connected ; to separate from a larger group
most badly or seriously
to change sth slightly to make it more suitable for a new set of conditions or to make it work better
having a strong or important effect ; effective
like or covered with slime
an old person , especially one with poor physical or mental health
not interesting or attractive
the right of people in general to go into particular buildings or areas of land or to obtain particular information
to have a sexual relationship with another person 's partner ; to have a sexual relationship with sb who is not your partner
measured or judged by how similar or different it is to sth else
intended to communicate or express sth to sb , without any words being spoken
a person who is asked to settle a disagreement
used to get sb 's attention , to introduce a new topic or to say sth that sb may not like , in a polite way
pol itical groups who support the ideas and beliefs of socialism
to exist or be found
an untidy state ; a lack of order or organization
a change to a lower or worse condition
an organized journey with a particular purpose , especially to find out about a place that is not well known
to make sth become bright like silver
a sharp tone of voice , often showing anger
not having enough food to eat
very busy ; full of activity
a whole slice of bread ; sandwiches made from two whole slices of bread
causing people to be split into groups that disagree with or oppose each other
a sudden hard pull
to come against sth / sb with force , especially causing damage or injury
the short threads , pieces of wool , etc. that form the soft surface of carpets and some types of cloth such as velvet
to swear
to cut or break small pieces off sth with a tool
a design or pattern on a surface made by setting wood or metal into it ; the material that this design is made of
not afraid , in a way that people admire
to reach a place , usually after a lot of effort
a fixed way along which a bus , train , etc. regularly travels or goods are regularly sent
a person who is praised by a lot of people in a particular place because of sth that they have done well
not showing any emotion
extremely small and difficult or impossible to see without a microscope
a sum of money that is paid by sb when they rent sth and that is returned to them if they do not lose or damage the thing they are renting
to repeat words , phrases , etc .
to be written or mentioned somewhere
to cook or wash sth in boiling water ; to be cooked or washed in boiling water
being able to control and influence people and events
to behave in a violent way in a public place , often as a protest
( used in written addresses ) avenue
quick and confident in a way that suggests that the person is busy or is not being friendly
to be placed on the top or the edge of sth
a clear liquid containing white blood cells that helps to clean the tissues of the body and helps to prevent infections from spreading
from or relating to areas in Africa that are south of the Sahara Desert
to hurt sb 's feelings
used to say what is actually the fact or the truth about sth
often angry ; in an angry mood
wearing sth
an emotional problem about sth that makes you embarrassed or worried
excitement and the willingness to take risks , try new ideas , etc .
to stop doing , using or providing sth , especially sth that you have been doing , using or providing regularly
happening
to hit sb / sth hard many times , especially in a way that causes serious damage
to make sb give you sth by threatening them
a large quantity that is more than enough
being an accurat e version or copy of sth
an area in the Atlantic Ocean between Bermuda , Florida and Puerto Rico where a large number of ships and aircraft are believed to have disappeared in a mysterious way
arriving , happening or done after the expected , arranged or usual time
a sum of money that is given as the first part of a larger payment
an act of reading sth
a person , company or country that sells goods to another country
the use of words that say the opposite of what you really mean , often as a joke and with a tone of voice that shows this
a word or an expression that is used to show affection
to be responsible for or to deal with a situation or task
a thing or a person that has no chance of success
the very last part of sth
strange in a mysterious and frightening way
to make a hole , etc. in the ground by digging
full of or covered in snot
used for introducing bad news
to criticize sb / sth severely
to have air come suddenly and noisily out through your nose and mouth in a way that you cannot control , for example because you have a cold
reacting with interest or enthusiasm
to give a document , proposal , etc. to sb in authority so that they can study or consider it
the contents of or the amount con tained in a barrel ; a unit of measurement in the oil industry equal to between 120 and 159 litres
to make the sounds and movements of your face that show you are happy or think sth is funny
the act of asking for sth with a very humble request or prayer
the amount of water in the air
to make sb / sth go away ; to get rid of sb / sth
in a way that produces a wide piece or deep layer of sth
to take sth away from sb / sth
to move easily over a smooth or wet surface ; to make sth move in this way
interesting and amusing
the part of a piece of clothing that covers the elbow
used the amount mentioned
a collection of weapons such as guns and explosives
of or containing semen
the death of a person
a sheet of strong cloth which the wind blows against to make a boat or ship travel through the water
to hit sth / sb with a short hard blow
a thing that can be dangerous or cause damage
in a way that cannot be doubted ; without question
able to wait for a long time or accept annoying behaviour or difficulties without becoming angry
the state of not being enough or good enough
an activity , a job , an interest , etc. that is thought to be suitable for one particular person or group of people
to try to persuade sb to have a sexual relationship with you
a rapid series of shots fired from one or more guns ; a rapid series of objects that are thrown
quick to understand
differences in colour or in light and dark , used in photographs and paintings to create a special effect
the ruler of an empire
to consider sth in a particular way
determined to do sth despite difficulties , especially when other people are against you and think that you are being annoying or unreasonable
the state of being as different as possible ; two things that are as different as possible
more than anything else ; also used to talk about the most important reason for sth
the process of making and passing laws
unable to move because of a strong emotion such as fear or horror
used to say that sth cannot be avoided
something that is done dishonestly to get money
suitable or appropriate for young people
to place an embargo on sth
having the same score as sb
to fall into a light sleep
to be understood or realized by sb
a condition of the eye muscles which causes each eye to look in a different direction
to turn a handle several times
a statement made by sb knowing that it is not true
connected with the time before a child learns to speak
a person who is present when an official document is signed and who also signs it to prove that they saw this happen
to become gradually stronger
to stop resisting an enemy and accept that you are defeated
an order that prevents sth from being publicly reported or discussed
to be similar to sth ; to happen at the same time as sth
belonging to the present time
a small shallow round dish that a cup stands on ; an object that is shaped like this
a thing shaped like a heart , often red and used as a symbol of love ; a symbol shaped like a heart used to mean the verb ‘ love ’
having an important , often very bad , effect on future events
in any place
able to be used together
less hard than average
the thickness of a solid , liquid or gas measured by its mass per unit of volume
a person who has the legal right to belong to a particular country
feelings of shock that people experience when sth bad happens suddenly
the way in which a person or a group of people lives and works
an object , a design , a piece of jewellery , etc. in the shape of a cross , used as a symbol of Christianity
rude and unfriendly
to grow very quickly
a person who spends money in the particular way mentioned
to advise or try hard to persuade sb to do sth
a thing that discourages sb from doing sth
to show clearly that you have or feel a particular feeling , quality or ability
the natural qualities of a person 's character
used to represent a kiss at the end of a letter , etc .
in support of sb / sth
to move people from a place of danger to a safer place
not nuclear
a piece of clothing worn on the top half of the body over a shirt , etc. that has sleeves and fastens down the front ; a short , light coat
a thick solid piece that has been cut or broken off sth
the way in which a child is cared for and taught how to behave while it is growing up
to know or realize how or why sth happens , how it works or why it is important
coming or existing between two events , dates , objects , etc .
with great effort ; with difficulty
to replace a sports player with another player during a game
the particular way sth is , seems , looks or is presented
attractive green leaves and plants
a weather condition in which the temperature drops below 0 ° C ( = freezing point ) so that a thin white layer of ice forms on the ground and other surfaces , especially at night
to prefer or decide to do sth
the feeling of fear and excitement that is created by a writer or a film / movie director
the amount of money that is a profit or a loss after everything has been calculated
used when giving a telephone number
used as the subject of a verb when the speaker or writer is referring to himself / herself
a place where two streets join
the feeling of being grateful and wanting to express your thanks
decided according to the judgement of a person in authority about what is necessary in each particular situation ; not decided by rules
a drink with ice cream floating in it
to be careful about how you do things , usually because yo u are in a situation that you are not familiar with
one of two or more people who sign a formal document
the degree to which sb / sth is involved in a situation or an activity and the effect that they have on it
only by a small amount
to suddenly enter a place and search it or arrest sb
to present a case to a court
a temporary loss of consciousness caused by a blow to the head ; the effects of a severe blow to the head such as confusion and temporary loss of physical and mental abilities
to relax and do very little
the group of musical instruments in an orchestra that produce sounds when you blow into them ; the musicians who play those instruments
a hidden difficulty or disadvantage
able to see very well and quick to notice things
to make or let sb / sth go into a particular place or state
a series of instructions for a computer , carried out in a particular order , for example when a link in a website is clicked
a way of describing people from another country who are similar in some way to people in your own country
a line or group of pickets ( 1 )
allowing gases to pass through
a situation that is not certain
to make sb unable to feel or move all or part of their body
to do sth that involves physical or mental effort , especially as part of a job
something that has become twisted in an untidy way
to damage sth so badly that it no longer exists , works , etc .
formal statements made to sb in authority , especially in order to make your opinions known or to protest
to carry sth on your shoulder
a long crack or hole made when sth tears
large ; larger than usual or expected
attached to the thing mentioned for support
a type of soft white stone
used to emphasize that sth is completely true
to provide support for sb / sth
a thing , person or situation that is annoying or causes trouble or problems
if an idea or opinion is irreconcilable with another , it is impossi ble for sb to have both of them together
the fact of making sth complete or perfect
a very old book or document that was written by hand before printing was invented
material made by weaving or knitting cotton , wool , silk , etc .
a speech or piece of writing praising sb / sth very much
very powerful
to suddenly affect sb strongly , so that they are not aware of anything else
dealing directly with customers or used by customers
typical of a comfortable and pleasant way of life
that hurts sb 's feelings
a place through which you can go to reach another larger place
a feeling that sth is possible
a person or thing that moves in a particular way
of average size
having the type of fingers mentioned ; having or using the number of fingers mentioned
to move or go somewhere slowly
the place where a particular type of animal or plant is normally found
to flow out quickly , or to make sth flow out quickly , in large amounts
willingness to be helpful and do as you are asked
to go or move at a particular speed , in a particular direction , or a particular distance
a coin of the value mentioned
to take part in a competition that you won the last time and try to win it again
to come out of an egg
to manage and organize the affairs of a company , an organization , a country , etc .
the sudden increase of a particular feeling among a group of people
a fraction ( = a number less than one ) that is shown as a dot or point followed by the number of tenths , hundredths , etc .
to send a letter , package or message somewhere
to make a piece of equipment or a machine ready for use
capital letters
a meeting for discussion or training
a group of animals of the same type that live and feed together
used in very informal speech , for example when you are thinking what to say next , explaining sth , or giving an example of sth
if two or more things interrelate , or if they are interrelated , they are closely connected and they affect each other
to decrease in amount , volume , strength , etc .
to interrupt sth ; to stop sth
lack of difficulty
the division of one country into two or more countries
to take sb somewhere in a boat with oars
if sb 's eyes blaze , they look extremely angry
a person who is emotionally strong and who you can rely on
the start of a race
a substance like jelly made from gelatin and meat juices , served around meat , fish , etc .
south ; southern
to struggle to know what to say or do or how to continue with sth
worked by quickly pulling or pressing part of it in and out or up and down
of or belonging to them
a change in position or direction
connected with the moon
the crime of attacking sb violently , or threatening to do so , in order to steal their money , especially in a public place
made to feel anxious about sth you have to do
to arrange sth in groups according to features that they have in common
a playing card with a large single symbol on it , which has either the highest or the lowest value in a particular card game
causing or able to cause death
to think or talk a lot about sth , especially sth it would be better to forget
to want sth very much , especially when it is very difficult to get
to remove sb from a place or situation , especially one that is unpleasant or dangerous
a person who works as a journalist for radio or television reporting on a particular area of news
to know sb 's character , how they feel and why they behave in the way they do
to use land to grow crops
pressure or worry caused by the problems in sb 's life
the part of a person that makes them able to be aware of things , to think and to feel
a film / movie made by photographing a series of gradually changing drawings or models , so that they look as if they are moving
to reduce by a half ; to make sth reduce by a half
fine
destroyed or badly damaged by fire
attention from newspapers , television and the public
a place that provides this service
too much of sth that reduces the effect it has
knowing everything
to keep money instead of spending it , especially in order to buy a particular thing
showing that sb is extremely intelligent
to give sth to a different person or organization ; to change the status of sth
attractive and pleasant to look at or to listen to without being large , beautiful or impressive
new , different and likely to have a great effect
used to say that two facts , actions , statements , etc. are like each other
a person who arranges things for other people , sometimes dishonestly
to bet money on sth
to say sth in a rough unpleasant voice
to be between two people , areas , countries , etc. so that they are not touching or connected
a ride on a horse at its fastest speed
to describe or show the qualities of sb / sth in a particular way
the artificial production of a substance that is present naturally in animals and plants
a type of oil obtained from petroleum and used as a fuel for heat and light
considered or officially stated to be a saint
towards the inside or centre
not able to exist or be a true statement at the same time as sth else
used in questions to show that you are annoyed
an act of being published or broadcast
to calm or control your feelings
to say that sth is not true ; to disagree with or deny sth
severe punishment for sth seriously wrong that sb has done
very enthusiastic about sb / sth
the process of splitting or tearing in such a way that a hole is left
typical of an area of a town or city where people have a lot of money
to be the same or very similar
a rule or law that limits what you can do or what can happen
not explained
fairly blue in colour
energy ; a special good quality
to change or make sb change their religion or beliefs
that is governed by bishops
to produce a sound or piece of music at a par ticular level
to cost
the abbreviation for ‘ Citizens ' Band ’ ( a range of waves on a radio on which people can talk to each other over short distances , especially when driving )
the activity or business of carrying goods from one place to another using lorries / trucks , trains , etc .
not dirty
a crowd of people
to put or spread sth such as paint , cream , etc. onto a surface
to start a process or a series of events
a long thin straight piece of wood or metal , especially one with the end placed in the ground , used as a support
having everything that is necessary ; complete and without faults or weaknesses
a large round bowl for holding liquids or ( in British English ) for preparing foods in ; the amount of liquid , etc. in a basin
the state of the face or body being twisted out of its natural shape
a smell or a line of smoke carried through the air
in a way that shows that sb is proud of sth
to cost a person or an organization a lot of money or more than they can spend
to collect information together from different sources in order to examine and compare it
with the highest range of notes in its group
connected with the area on the east coast of the US , that is near New York and immediately to the south of it
a place that is extremely beautiful and that seems perfect , like heaven
very carefully locked and guarded
anything that takes away the effects of sth unpleasant
used to ask whether sth is successful or enjoyable
to suggest sth formally so that it can be discussed and decided
to repair a hole in a piece of clothing by sewing stitches across the hole
to do sth wrong or illegal
allowed or required by law
a plan or preparation that you make so that sth can happen
9
to have a particular form , position or state
the time when problems become so great that a person , an organization or a system can no longer deal with them
used to reply to sb who has just thanked you for sth
used to show how far apart two places are
the state of sharing or exchanging thoughts and feelings ; the feeling of being part of sth
the abbreviation for ‘ severe acute respiratory syndrome ’ ( an illness that is easily spread from person to person , which affects the lungs and can sometimes cause death )
to measu re the speed at which sb / sth is travelling
Detective Inspector ( a British police officer of middle rank )
the act of caring for and protecting children or other people
used to mean ‘ complete ’ , usually when describing sth bad
a feeling that sth is true even though you do not have any evidence to prove it
a place that contains many valuable or interesting things
to make a small hole in sth , or to go through sth , with a sharp object
to prepare or train sb for an important job or position
not covered with leaves ; without plants or trees
the state of being together in the same place at the same time
the process or result of sth becoming or being made larger
not known or identified
to attack an area with a large number of bombs over a period of time
a violent storm with very strong winds , especially in the western Atlantic Ocean
present in a place ; available
a difficult situation
full of great joy and happiness
an extra payment added to the basic rate
an extremely large number of things or people
things that people or animals eat
( in the US ) an official chosen by a sports association to control it
used when swearing at sb / sth to show that you are angry
to begin to discuss or deal with sth
extra pitchers ( = players who throw the ball ) in a baseball team who are used , if necessary , to replace the usual pitchers
to give sth to sb , especially formally at a ceremony
agreement
to make sth easy to see or hear
to offer sth to sb , by holding it out to them
how successful sth is
beautiful in a way that makes you think of love or feel strong emotions
to prevent sb from doing sth because they have broken a rule or are not suitable
to make an unpleasant high loud sound
a liquid food made by boiling meat , vegetables , etc. in water , often eaten as the first course of a meal
to have and show a lot of respect for sb / sth , especially sb / sth that is considered to be holy or very important
a consequence of an industrial or commercial activity which affects other people or things without this being reflected in market prices
connected with scenery in a theatre
not willing to do sth if it is possible that sth bad could happen as a result
to remove a structure , especially by separating it into pieces
the ( large ) size or quantity of sth
very smooth , with no contrast between light and dark , and giving no impression of depth
made of or similar to crystals
in total , before anything is taken away
to show or think of an object , quality , etc. as a person
anyone who is interested in , or comes forward for , sth , especially a competition
not real although seeming to be
a sudden serious illness when a blood vessel ( = tube ) in the brain bursts or is blocked , which can cause death or the loss of the ability to move or to speak clearly
to carry or pull sth heavy
without confidence
enjoyment and enthusiasm
to be a member of a group of people and act or speak on their behalf at an event , a meeting , etc .
involving three people or groups
to stay with sb for a night
pleased ; happy
a big change or improvement in sth
a person who has a million pounds , dollars , etc ; a very rich person
to fall off in small thin pieces
showing no pity ; cruel
a reduction in how unpleasant , serious , etc. sth is
exciting and skilful movements performed in an aircraft , such as flying upside down , especially in front of an audience
intelligent and quick to notice and understand things
the amount by which sth , especially an amount of money , is too small or smaller than sth else
complete ; not limited by any negative qualities
the state of being in charge of sb / sth
a small group of people , objects or buildings that are close together , especially when they are not in any particular order
to strongly advise sb to do or not to do sth in order to avoid danger or punishment
to make very small changes to sth so that it is as good as it can possibly be
to become involved in an unpleasant situation , especially because you were not sensible enough to avoid it
a person or thing that is controlled by sth
used to emphasize that you agree with a statement , especially because you think it is obvious or is similar to what you have just said
very serious ; complete
a sweet white mixture made from egg whites and sugar , usually baked until crisp and used to make cakes ; a small cake made from this mixture
giving the wrong idea or impression and making you believe sth that is not true
holding a rank or title that is hereditary
to move quickly through sth
bad luck
to be next to sth or to have one side touching the side of sth
an area in a building that is used for a particular activity
the verb tense that expresses action in the past that is not complete . It is often called the past progressive or past continuous .
a number of things tied or wrapped together ; sth that is wrapped up
the movement of the sea or air
feeling happy and grateful because of sth kind that sb has done ; feeling emotional about sth
a method or system that people use to get information , to communicate , or to send sth somewhere
blowing from the west
connected with conversation
influenced or caused by a particular thing
( in writing ) Doctor
a person of a particular type , especially a strange one
made from or containing oats
to make sth , especially bread , turn brown by heating it in a toaster or close to heat ; to turn brown in this way
a team of Rugby Union players
connected with the theatre
used when you are saying the opposite of what you really mean
a connection between two things ; the fact of two things being similar
connected with the front of sth
a place where two things are fixed together
to sleep
to make a plant grow in a particular direction
connected with or happening in the mind ; involving the process of thinking
to walk slowly or with heavy steps , because you are tired or carrying sth heavy
the state of being legally responsible for sth
to become a friend of sb , especially sb who needs your help
a small or thin piece of sth that is cut or broken off from a larger piece
to have a meeting , competition , conversation , etc .
to succeed in getting sth , usually after a lot of effort
a lump of solid waste from the bowels
very great or extreme
to examine or think about sth again , especially because you may need to change your opinion
loud and determined but often unreasonable
to give most of your time , energy , attention , etc. to sb / sth
to give a book , piece of music , etc. a particular name
to give help or support to sb / sth
unpleasant or dishonest
to officially demand the use of a building , vehicle , etc , especially during a war or an emergency
to wrap sb / sth up or cover them or it completely
a very tall type of tree that grows especially in California and Oregon
to leave things in a place , making it look untidy
better ; more acceptable
fair or honest , especially in business matters
physical or emotional force and energy
without emotion ; unfriendly
a page or set of pages containing information in printed form from a computer
moving your body to music
involving two or more people together
acting or done in a way that shows that you are not worried or that you are not treating sth as serious
if a person 's eyes gleam with a particular emotion , or an emotion gleams in a person 's eyes , the person shows that emotion
to travel a particular distance
a person or thing that is as different as possible from sb / sth else
contained within an object , an area or a substance
consisting of only one cell
a person who is in charge of a large organization
products connected with a popular film / movie , person or event ; the process of selling these goods
an act of putting or spreading sth , such as paint or medical creams , onto sth else
to put a new piece of equipment into a machine that did not have it when it was built ; to provide a machine with a new part , etc .
facts or information , especially when exa mined and used to find out things or to make decisions
a sharp blow from sth hard
a weapon used for shooting arrows , consisting of a long curved piece of wood with a tight string joining its ends
to speak or sing in a high voice or with a high sound
an event or a statement that allows sb to avoid having to do sth
firm and difficult to bend or move
to fail because of a particular problem or difficulty
without help from anyone or anything
obeying and respecting the law
a country with a lot of influence in world affairs , or with great military strength
an exam that you take at the end of the last year in school or at the end of a period of training
a skin condition , common among young people , that produces many pimples ( = spots ) , especially on the face and neck
to become gradually more powerful , active , etc .
used to attract sb 's attention or to introduce a comment
a vegetable or vegetables
a person who tries to get secret information about another country , organization or person , especially sb who is employed by a government or the police
white clothes worn for playing some sports
the part that grows up from the ground when a plant starts to grow ; a new part that grows on plants or trees
confused and anxious because you are unable to understand sth ; showing this
a large round container , usually made of wood or metal , with flat ends and , usually , curved sides
to turn sth the opposite way around or change the order of sth around
busy noisy activity of a lot of people in one place
before anyone or anything else ; at the beginning
including or affecting all possible cases , situations or people
the power that is produced from steam under pressure , used to operate engines , machines , etc .
small enough to be held in the hand while being used
to reduce the harmful effects of sth
a situation in which companies can trade without restrictions , and prices depend on the amount of goods and the number of people buying them
to plan that sth will happen at a particular time in the future
a soldier of the lowest rank in the army
a way of behaving towards or dealing with a person or thing
loving sb / sth so much that you do not behave in a sensible way
similar or existing together ; connected with sth
an improvement in the way sth is developing
a movement over an area , for example in order to search for sth or attack sth
showing friendly feelings for sb
to stand , sit or move in a lazy way , often with your shoulders and head bent forward
producing or allowing quick movement
a feeling that sth is going to happen , especially sth unpleasant
in a safe financial position
a group into which animals , plants , etc. that have similar characteristics are divided , smaller than a class and larger than a family
to be the logical result of sth
to be careful about the amount of money you spend ; to plan to spend an amount of money for a particular purpose
having the fifth-highest military rank , and wearing uniform which has one star on it
to make a mark on sth in a way that spoils or damages it ; to become spoilt or damaged in this way
to be the reason why sb does sth
a group of people who together introduce new styles and ideas in art , music , cinema , etc .
a person who is not known or mentioned by name
strong and sli ghtly bitter
a particular type or kind of sth
not neat or tidy ; not well organized
to mix things together in a confused or untidy way
wide
a piece of work that sb has to do , especially a hard or unpleasant one
not very noticeable or obvious
extremely wet with the thing mentioned
a public event at which things are sold to the person who offers the most money for them
if an emotion awakes or sth awakes an emotion , you start to feel that emotion
very obvious and unacceptable
to put a fire out by beating
a S American dance with small fast steps
a place where people often meet
the responsibility for sth wrong that has happened or been done
a cold dessert ( = a sweet dish ) made with cream and egg whites and flavoured with fruit , chocolate , etc ; a similar dish flavoured with fish , vegetables , etc .
done without enthusiasm or effort
importance
to say or suggest sth about sb / sth in a private or secret way
confused
the action of holding sb close in your arms to show love or affection
to be lost or not where you sho uld be
without a job
the things , especially bad things , that will happen or have happened to sb / sth
having or showing contours ( 2 )
very white , like new snow
the arrangement or type of light in a place
an alcoholic drink made from plants or fruits other than grapes
not showing enough natural expression , emotion or movement
strict and serious in appearance and behaviour
used with a negative adjective to describe a person
to visit a house , etc. with the intention of buying or renting it
used to say what sb / sth is , consists of , or contains
complicated language that is difficult to understand , especially when used in official documents
that you have to treat with great care because it may offend people or make them angry or embarrassed
to think that you are very popular , attractive or intelligent
operating in only one direction
highest in rank or position
to give a lot of sth , often too much , to sb / sth
a strong feeling that sb / sth is stupid or not good enough , usually shown by the way you speak
a person with a high rank or the highest rank in a company or an organization
each of the small flat pieces of wood that are fitted together to cover a floor
to gradually change your attitudes about sth so that you behave in a different way
in strong disagreement
connected with teams in the minor leagues in baseball
a company that publishes popular romantic novels
a person who does the hard and often boring work for an organization , especially a politician
a large amount or a large number of sth
to put things away neatly
a group of people , countries , companies , etc. who are working together on a particular project
used to show a contrast between what is true and what sb believes , and to show surprise about this contrast
to give a summary of sth ( = a statement of the main points )
gone by in time
a card of this suit
used as a short form of ‘ Christmas ’ , usually in writing
of the colour mentioned and no other colour
not willing
to contain and direct the flow of water , electricity , etc .
to commit a crime or do sth wrong or evil
a word meaning ‘ your ’ , used when talking to only one person
a trick ; an act of cheating sb
information that can be used against another person in an argument
to no longer have any contact with sb / sth
pieces of writing or printed information on a particular subject
a type of strong rubber with a rough surface , used for making the soles of shoes
decorated with small raised pieces of metal
afternoon
to officially tell sb that you are leaving your job , an organization , etc .
at a high pitch
to start doing sth ; to do the first part of sth
looking pale and weak
a sudden fall
to a small degree ; not much
to fry food quickly in a little hot fat
shorts ( = short trousers / pants ) that come down to just above the knee
a passage of water that connects two areas of water , especially two seas
a series of short sharp sounds
the way of printing a document in which the top of the page is one of the longer sides
to not be useful ; to have no useful effect
covering , touching or forming part of sth
a god or goddess
the act of killing or harming sb / sth by giving them poison
a hot dish made with meat , vegetables , etc. that are cooked slowly in liquid in an oven
newspapers and magazines
despite the fact that
a clever plan designed to trick sb , either by capturing them or by making them do or say sth that they did not mean to do or say
very small ; not important
used with a noun to form a phrase that has the same meaning as the verb related to the noun
a long period of time when there is little or no rain
an officer just below the rank mentioned
being in a particular place
a person whose sexual behaviour is not thought to be normal or acceptable by most people
connected with sth but less important than it
having a lot of leaves
involving physical strength only and not thought or intelligence
not agreeing with ; opposite to
to make sb stop playing , acting , etc. and leave the field or the stage
able to be used again for different data
in a fair and reasonable way ; honestly
used to emphasize that sth is correct in every way or in every detail
to say firmly that sth is true , especially when you have been accused of sth or when other people do not believe you
a long or high jump
immediately before the last one
something that provides sb with a lot of money , that they must be very careful with in order not to lose it
a number of things that belong , or are sold together
a phrase or an idea that has been used so often that it no longer has much meaning and is not interesting
the process of using a court to settle a disagreement or to deal with a complaint
unusual ; excellent
if an object is poking out of , through , etc. sth , you can see a part of it that is no longer covered by sth else
to have a picnic
an attempt at doing sth
either the right or left part of a person 's body , from the armpit ( = where the arm joins the body ) to the hip
needing to be thought about carefully ; not only for pleasure
to make liquid flow away from sth ; to flow away
an artificial colour used to change the colour of your hair ; the act of colouring the hair with a tint
the place at a port or an airport where your bags are checked as you come into a country
an arrangement of lines and shapes as a decoration
happening at the end of a long process
a state of political or social excitement and confusion
as it should be
nervous about showing your feelings
a political situation in which people are angry and likely to protest or fight
an expression in sb 's eyes which shows what they are thinking or feeling
if you unroll paper , cloth , etc. that was in a roll or if it unrolls , it opens and becomes flat
to cover the inside of sth with a layer of another material to keep it clean , make it stronger , etc .
to become more interesting , exciting or full of activity
a person or an organization that buys sth from a shop / store or business
friendly and polite
the area of mathematics that deals with adding , multiplying , etc. numbers
an offensive word or phrase used to express anger , surprise , etc ; a swear word
the main female character in a story , novel , film / movie , etc .
in no particular order ; in various places
not located in the main building ; going out of the main building
a small fish with a strong salty flavour
something that is used for a particular purpose
cloth made from animal 's wool , used for making clothes , etc .
having curves
a thin flat strip or circle of any material that is put around things , for example to hold them together or to make them stronger
behaviour that shows that you respect sb / sth
a beautiful and elegant quality
used to show that you accept a statement or an order
to close sth or to be closed with a loud noise
to completely end a relationship or all communication with sb
used to suggest that sth would be a suitable or appropriate thing to do
the players who must prevent the other team from scoring ; the position of these players on the sports field
protection against damage or loss , especially in the form of a promise to pay for any damage or loss that happens
to have such a strong effect on you that you cannot give your attention to anything else
approval or support for sb / sth
to stop sth from moving or flowing through a pipe , a passage , a road , etc. by putting sth in it or across it
becoming older and usually less useful , safe , healthy , etc .
the feeling that you cannot trust sb / sth
a container with a lot of small holes in the top , used for shaking flour or sugar onto things
a social class that is very poor and has no status
to question whether sth is true and valid
to cause sth
one of a regular series of magazines or newspapers
to touch sb / sth lightly while moving close to them / it
the quality of being sensible and realistic
used when you are introducing a topic and stating sth important about it
relating to the medical care given to pregnant women
to suddenly feel sth
a unit for measuring the power of an explosive , equal to one million tons of TNT
to speak to sb by telephone
the fact of a powerful country increasing its influence over other countries through business , culture , etc .
a short visit to sb 's house
feeling physically relaxed in a pleasant way ; warm enough , without pain , etc .
a strange or unusual mixture of things , especially drinks or medicines
a class of racing car , based on engine size , etc .
used when you are talking to sb and you are grateful to them
if sth is true deep down , it is really like that , although it may not be obvious to people
to make sth such as a device or chemical process stop working
to be very closely involved or connected with sth
in or into the space separating two or more points , objects , people , etc .
the highest point of sth , especially the top of a mountain
to spread an idea , a belief or a piece of information among many people
a device that produces a bright flame , used especially as a signal ; a flame produced in this way
not changing in your attitudes or aims
just enough ; the most basic or simple
after ; following
not pure or clean ; not consisting of only one substance but mixed with one or more substances often of poorer quality
to think a lot about sth that makes you annoyed , anxious or upset
to show sth clearly , especially a feeling , an attitude or a quality
the cinema ( when contrasted with television )
connected with a town or city
brownish-yellow in colour
energy that can be collected and used to operate a machine , to make electricity , etc .
to move or to make people or animals move very quickly in different directions
to speak or make a noise in a loud , sharp voice because you are angry , surprised , etc .
to do sth too much ; to exaggerate sth
the power to cause strong feelings
a pause or period of time when sth stops before starting again
to make sb uncomfortable or unable to relax
something that a person talks about in a very proud way , often to seem more important or clever
a small piece of metal that you carry or wear to prove who you are , used , for example , by police officers
to make sb stop breathing by squeezing their throat
in a way that people think is right and good
one of several things that cause or influence sth
a sudden attempt to take or hold sb / sth
a situation in which sth stops working or moving forward
something that you cannot remember clearly
a special event , ceremony or celebration
to ask sb to come by shouting or speaking loudly
not in a place because of illness , etc .
District of Columbia in the US
dishonest behaviour that is intended to make sb believe sth that is not true ; an example of this behaviour
a mental state in which a person feels no hope and is very afraid
connected with the Ice Age
to want sth to happen or to be true even though it is unlikely or impossible
to collect cells or tissue from sb 's body for use in medical experiments or operations
connected with or typical of the eastern part of the world , especially China and Japan , and the people who live there
able to change to suit new conditions or situations
to calculate the amount or value of sth
to make a path , etc. by walking somewhere or by pressing branches down and walking over them
to support sth or agree to sth happening
inclusive
to leave a political party , country , etc. to join another that is considered to be an enemy
to be able to make use of sth because it is available
this / that is the end
a meeting at which people have formal discussions
having a variety of experiences and abilities and a fully developed personality
not tidy and often of poor quality
to hurry from one place to another
used for making your skin soft or less painful
to give sb information so that they understand sth better
high in rank or status ; higher in rank or status than others
your knowledge of sth ; your ability to do or use sth , especially a language
on duty ; working
to interrupt sb ; to talk to sb when they do not want to talk to you
to stretch part of your body , especially an arm or a leg , away from yourself
how strong and firm your muscles or skin are
feeling or showing happiness and enthusiasm
a course of study at a college or university
agreeing to use money , time or people in order to achieve sth
the amount by which the amount of money received is greater than the amount of money spent
the round yellow part in the middle of an egg
a painful , often red , place on your body where there is a wound or an infection
also ; in addition to
the central part of an object
to give sb control of sth or give them power , a right , etc , especially unwillingly
a tool with a handle and a wooden head , used by a person in charge of an auction ( = a sale at which things are sold to the person who offers the most money ) in order to get people 's attention when sth is just being sold
to fasten sth in place with a tack or tacks
extremely unpleasant and unacceptable
the type of clothes that a person or group usually wears
the system of communication in speech and writing that is used by people of a particular country or area
while waiting for sth to happen ; until sth happens
having a calm attitude towards a difficult or disappointing situation
to use sth too much or too often
a room used for the particular purpose that is mentioned
decorated with a pattern
a set of matching pieces of furniture
to say or suggest sth
to spread through a person or a group of people like a wave
to use a needle and thread to make stitches in cloth
the fact of being with sb else and not alone
the space between two lines or surfaces that join , measured in degrees
used when asking for information about sb / sth
the atmosphere of a place , situation , etc .
a fixed amount of food given regularly to a soldier or to sb who is in a place where there is not much food available
too great to calculate
the act of reducing a supply of sth that has been created over a period of time ; the amount used
to report on an event for television , a newspaper , etc ; to show an event on television
a product or a raw material that can be bought and sold
a written record of the things you do , see , etc. every day
far from a town or city
making you want to do , try , taste , etc. sth
difficult to understand because it contains a lot of information
to receive a particular number of votes in an election
the act of giving or delivering sth to a number of people
used to emphasize the truth of sth that may seem surprising
to confuse sb
a person who has been a soldier , sailor , etc. in a war
trying to control other people without considering their opinions or feelings
cruel and having or showing no pity for other people
the state of being protected or controlled by another person , organization or country
a tool for cutting paper or cloth , that has two sharp blades with handles , joined together in the middle
to take or keep sth , especially an amount of money , that does not belong to you
a small object worn on a chain or bracelet , that is believed to bring good luck
the smallest part of a chemical element that can take part in a chemical reaction
to spend a lot of time making yourself look attractive and then admiring your appearance
the practice of trying to lose weight
the state of being immortal
typical of or suitable for the summer
a long thin object that is used in some sports to hit or control the ball
an organization or a system in which there are fewer people at each level as you get near the top
to make sb feel braver or more confident
a system of allowing employees days off work for education
either of the two organs that produce sperm , located in a bag of skin below the penis
because
used to show that you think a particular word is not at all a suitable way of describing something and therefore seems ridiculous
the only thing ; everything
a feeling of illness
likely to suffer sth such as criticism , injury , etc .
a feeling that you are not pleased and satisfied
used as a form of address by a man to a girl or young woman
used to express surprise or anger
the act of complaining
continuing without any outside influence
to make a speech , an opinion , etc. less extreme or offensive
to become wider
having no seeds
when a lot of snow falls
acting in the most sensible way
to fill sth with a lot of people or things
a list of important events or dates of a particular type during the year
to make clothes , etc. from wool or cotton thread using two long thin knitting needles or a machine
connected with a verb whose subject is the person or thing that performs the action
a high area of rock with a very steep side , often at the edge of the sea or ocean
to listen carefully , especially because you have just heard sth interesting
to make a person or an animal go away by making them feel afraid
like or suggesting poetry , especially because it shows imagination and deep feeling
a particular way of holding sb , especially in a sport such as wrestling or in a fight
a piece of equipment , for example on ships or planes , for sending and receiving radio signals
to give extra force to a word or syllable when saying it
not able to do sth
a building , usually run by a charity , where people who have no home can stay for a short time
to some extent but in a way that you cannot easily describe
causing you to feel annoyed or upset ; causing problems
a thing that sticks out from a place or surface ; the fact of doing this
a substance that reduces pain
a person or an animal in a book , play or film / movie
greater or better than usual ; special in some way or for a particular group
lying on the ground and facing downwards
a book of instruction in a particular subject , especially music
relating to numbers ; expressed in numbers
a person 's way of thinking about and understanding life , which depends on their beliefs and attitudes
having a short strong body
a word that some people use to show that they are surprised , impressed or annoyed
used in the names of streets
capable of being passed from a parent to a child in the genes
to have or give sb the right to do sth
to use violence or threats to take control of a vehicle , especially a plane , in order to force it to travel to a different place or to demand sth from a government
to count sth wrongly
used especially by men to address a young woman when they do not know her name
in a way that is suitable or appropriate
a lesbian who is a fashionable and attractive woman
not having to work and therefore having a lot of time to do what you enjoy
a place where sb has to wait and watch or be ready to do work if needed
the feeling of being sorry for sb ; showing that you understand and care about sb 's problems
to cover sb / sth with drops of liquid , dirt , etc , especially by accident
happening in the same way and continuing for a period of time
an activity that is done for pleasure , especially because it takes your attention away from sth else
a goal or point that causes a team or a person to win a game
to pay a person or company to do some of the work that you have been given a contract to do
connected with the theme or themes of sth
the act of trying to reach the same level or standard as sb who is ahead of you
very strong feelings of love or attraction for sb / sth , especially when these are unreasonable and do not last long
to increase or decrease slightly
large , often in an attractive way
if sth is an open invitation to criminals , etc , it encourages them to commit a crime by making it easier
given as an honour , without the person having to have the usual qualifications
to vote secretly about sth
having many different features
the simplest and smallest forms of life . Bacteria exist in large numbers in air , water and soil , and also in living and dead creatures and plants , and are often a cause of disease .
the process of thinking about things in a logical way ; opinions and ideas that are based on logical thinking
the desire by a group of people who share the same race , culture , language , etc. to form an independent country
to lead to or result in sth
a body of a human or an animal that has been mummified
connected with hearing
a place where a group of people involved in fighting have put men and guns
to form a border around sth
a system of lines , roads , etc. that cross each other , forming a series of squares or shapes in between
having a pleasant full deep sound
a person who is not very good at sth
a design , set of instructions or shape to cut around that you use in order to make sth
a chemical element . Gold is a yellow precious metal used for making coins , jewellery , decorative objects , etc .
to live or work in a room , house or building
a special skill or ability
the act or process of beginning sth
violent behaviour of large groups of people
to pull sb / sth with great force in a particular direction
used for making an extra comment that adds to what you have just said
connected with reproducing babies , young animals or plants
to do sth to help a process or project start more quickly
to remove some of sb 's hair , part of sb 's body , etc .
a particular arrangement or pattern
a sum of money that you pay regularly to a charity , or to be a member of a club or to receive a service ; the act of paying this money
a piece of thick material such as rubber or plastic used especially in some sports for people to lie on or fall onto
the speed with which sb does sth ; how difficult it is to do sth
strange
to breed particular farm animals ; to grow particular crops
having a quality or characteristic that makes sth different and easily noticed
a female dog
to have an influence on sth
to make sth more interesting or cheerful by adding sth to it
to reduce sth or to become less in value , quality , etc .
the state of being legally or officially acceptable
travelling or leading towards the south
used after an expression for a time of day to mean ‘ exactly ’
a formal arrangement to meet or visit sb at a particular time , especially for a reason connected with their work
to supply extra equipment , especially software when selling a new computer , at no extra cost
to save sth or keep it available to use
to do things in a particular way
to make sth stay at a high level
a problem or difficulty
used when you are giving the first and most important reason for sth
done according to a system or plan , in a thorough , efficient or determined way
sound or pictures that have been recorded on CD , DVD , video , etc .
( in Britain ) the head of an important government department
slight friendship
despite this fact
an act of taking your clothes off , especially in a sexually exciting way and in front of an audience
not connected ; not related to sth else
uncomfortable because cold air is blowing through
an area of land that is almost surrounded by water but is joined to a larger piece of land
very bad or unacceptable ; that people should feel ashamed about
in or to many parts of sth
to say sth in a loud voice ; to speak loudly / angrily to sb
the area surrounding a place
to be organized into bands of price , income , etc .
not very bright or strong , such as grey or light brown
similar features
the way in which two people or things are not like each other ; the way in which sb / sth has changed
the activity of kissing and touching sb , especially in a sexual way
calm and in control of your feelings
consisting of musical instruments that have strings ; connected with these musical instruments
to match the colour of sth
a reason that sb gives for not doing sth or not agreeing
the particular skills or help that a person is able to offer
to hold sb / sth less tightly
the feeling of being extremely sorry for sth wrong or bad that you have done
at a point within an area or a space
to harm or spoil sth / sb
a picture that shows sth different from the main thing that is being shown
the act of keeping or saving money for a particular purpose
used to show that two teams or sides are against each other
very cheap
doing things in a careful and logical way
existing , but not yet very noticeable , active or well developed
an ordinary person who is typical of many others
to make sb / sth unsteady and in danger of falling
a period of time when an organized group of employees of a company stops working because of a disagreement over pay or conditions
outside , rather than in a building
the fact of seeming to see or hear sb / sth that is not really there , especially because of illness or drugs
completely and with great attention to detail
to say unpleasant things that give peopl e a bad opinion of sb
the act of making illegal copies of DVDs , computer programs , books , etc , in order to sell them
the movement of money into and out of a business as goods are bought and sold
showing kindness towards people and animals by making sure that they do not suffer more than is necessary
an agreement or arrangement between people or groups with different opinions which is acceptable to everyone ; the process of reaching this agreement
the colour of a person 's skin , when it shows the race they belong to
a small object that connects a wire from one piece of electrical equipment to an opening in another
a short form of a word
a large container for oil or chemicals , shaped like a cylinder
funeral ceremonies
to make sb / sth feel sth or be affected by sth
rude behaviour showing a lack of respect that is surprising because the person behaving badly is not embarrassed
the act of taking part in an activity or event
the pitch ( = how high or low a sound is ) of a syllable in speaking
able to move very quickly
not involving a war , violence or argument
the fact that a particular disease will result in death
relating to the amount of energy contained in food or fuel
the general impression that sb / sth gives to the public and the amount of attention they receive
all the words and phrases used in a particular language or subject ; all the words and phrases used and known by a particular person or group of people
a government formed by two or more political parties working together
if you go short of or run short of sth , you do not have enough of it
used to show a state or condition
to move sth somewhere by means of a natural process
words that have no meaning or are impossible to understand
a tendency to do sth
to ask sb to do a particular job or to be involved in sth
a device or system for finding sth
to make the sound that a door sometimes makes when you open it or that a wooden floor sometimes makes when you step on it
a person who travels into a city to work each day , usually from quite far away
used to say that sth has just begun , happened , etc .
cows and bulls that are kept as farm animals for their milk or meat
one of the four books in the Bible about the life and teaching of Jesus
based on or involving experience
used to say that sb is right , or is doing sth right
to depend or rely on sb / sth
to produce new leaves or buds ; to start to grow
a type or period of illness
a journey to a place and back again , especially a short one for pleasure or a particular purpose
to take an illegal drug by injecting it into a vein
to allow sb to not do sth that they should normally do
giving you interesting information that you did not know before
a swelling on the body , often caused by a blow
helpful in the process of healing illness or infection
a person who believes in rationalism
to a large degree ; a lot
used to emphasize an increase in the degree of sth ( = how bad , important , etc. it is )
to help sth to develop or be successful
a period during which a serious illness improves for a time and the patient seems to get better
to pull or twist sth / sb / yourself suddenly and violently
imagining what the future will be like
an unfriendly or dangerous place or situation , especially one where it is very difficult to be successful or to trust anyone
to organize a party that you have invited guests to
believing strongly in a particular religion or set of political ideas
a person who judges how well sb has done in an exam , a competition , etc .
in order to do sth ; in the process of doing sth
used when giving information that you expect other people to know already or agree with
a missile ( = a weapon that travels through the air ) that carries a bomb and is driven by a stream of burning gases
used to show that you approve of sth
the abbreviation for ‘ stamped addressed envelope ’ or ‘ self-addressed envelope ’ ( an envelope on which you have written your name and address and usually put a stamp so that sb else can use it to send sth to you )
to begin an activity or lead an attack against sb / sth
the liquid in a plant or tree that carries food to all its parts
to find the right way to deal with a difficult or complicated situation
not yet old ; not as old as others
produced or happening every three months
to make sb bankrupt
to suppose that sth is true or likely
a person who gives away secrets about their friends , their country , etc .
used to show that you are annoyed
an open area in a town , usually with four sides , surrounded by buildings
to stick close to sth / sb
not continuous ; disturbed or interrupted
a device that controls the flow of water from a pipe
the sister of your father or mother ; the wife of your uncle
to make less effort
having less power or authority than sb else in a group or an organization
to try to persuade people to buy your goods or services , especially by going to them and asking them directly
to have a particular position
at a greater distance in space , direction or time
the main area of land of a country , not including any islands near to it
connected with the best and most expensive way of travelling on a train , plane or ship
strong determination to achieve sth
something that concerns a particular person or organization
an involuntary movement , etc. is made suddenly , without you intending it or being able to control it
full of activity , excitement and anxiety ; behaving in a busy , excited , anxious way
performed in a serious way
to apply a theory , idea , etc. to a wider group or situation than the original one
material that is made of string , thread or wire twisted or tied together , with spaces in between
( in the past ) long narrow strips of paper with information , for example stock market prices , printed on them by a special telegraph machine
to have a bad effect on sb and make them behave in an immoral or dishonest way
showing intelligence or skill , for example in the design of an object , in an idea or sb 's actions
a printed form that you can write on and sign as a way of paying for sth instead of using money
like or connected with a prophet or prophets
to ask sb questions about their life , opinions , etc , especially on the radio or television or for a newspaper or magazine
wise , especially because you have a lot of experience
an independent country that is strongly connected to the US
a large unit of an army , consisting of two or more divisions
the state of having no end or limit
having complete power
used as the past tense of ‘ can ’
connected with a budget
needing or demanding a lot of effort and care about details
paid for by sth
to move or l ift sth with a scoop or sth like a scoop
a journey ; a period of time spent travelling or when you are not at home or work
to try to persuade sb to do sth for you by being very nice to them before you ask them
the hard outer surface of bread
an official list of names
a rude sound made by sticking out the tongue and blowing
small scissors that are usually curved , used for cutting the nails on your fingers and toes
stopping and starting often over a period of time , but not regularly
a person who flirts with a lot of people
to control an aircraft , etc. in the air
the outer edges of sth ; the outline of its shape or form
used to state the distance away from sth
a person you share an activity or accommodation with
suitable or appropriate in the circumstances
a book that tells you how to do or operate sth , especially one that comes with a machine , etc. when you buy it
an impregnable building is so strongly built that it cannot be entered by force
the act of carefully watching a person suspected of a crime or a place where a crime may be committed
tending to do sth ; likely to do sth
to be different from sth in a strange or unpleasant way
used in questions to mean ‘ where ’ , expressing surprise
a length of time which is a division of a period
ordinary ; without any special or extra features
covered with a thin layer of gold
sexually attracted to people of the same sex
a large comfortable chair
money that is invested or bet by people who have expert knowledge
to send or give sb / sth a large number of things at the same time
the part of the body below the chest
to go in a particular direction or to a particular place
the qualification obtained by students who successfully complete a university or college course
used to introduce the reason for the particular emotion mentioned
not wanted
without considering sth or being influenced by it
free to see or talk to people
the name or type of a machine , piece of equipment , etc. that is made by a particular company
a large and powerful force or institution that cannot be controlled
to spread or to make sth spread over a wide area
to support a weight without breaking or falling
to become lost ; to be stolen
if two or more facts , figures , etc. correlate or if a fact , figure , etc. correlates with another , the facts are closely connected and affect or depend on each other
to improve sth or make it stronger
to do what you promised to do or what you are expected to do ; to produce or provide what people expect you to
machinery with wheels and springs like that inside a clock
the part of an aircraft 's flight immediately before landing
to cover a surface or object with paint
not the person , thing or place that you would normally think of or expect
used instead of someone in negative sentences and in questions after if / whether ; and after verbs such as prevent , forbid , avoid , etc .
a member of a Christian Protestant Church that believes that baptism should take place when a person is old enough to understand what it means , and not as a baby
a place where people can get information or advice
a sudden quick movement or feeling
showing that you have understood sth quickly and completely
a photograph , especially one taken quickly
made weaker by adding water or another substance
to defeat sb
to send an email that appears to come from sb else 's email address
a continuous period of time
an exact moment in time
in a way that is not sincere or enthusiastic
serious behaviour , speech or appearance
a short period of time when you stop what you are doing and rest , eat , etc .
a way of organizing a system , society , etc. so that only a few people ( = an elite ) have power or influence
a trotting speed , taking short quick steps
to become four times bigger ; to make sth four times bigger
respected and admired as very important or of very high quality
a human , especially an ordinary person with little power or influence
a feeling that you do not like an idea , an action or sb 's behaviour because you think it is bad , not suitable or going to have a bad effect on sb else
to physically hurt sb , especially by hitting them
people or a person with a natural ability to do sth well
loud , cheerful and full of energy
that has not been read
used with a person 's name to show that the speaker does not know the person
arranged in tiers
done for enjoyment , not as a job
to throw a coin in the air in order to decide sth , especially by guessing which side is facing upwards when it lands
concerning or showing sb / sth
a system of sending and receiving signals
to deserve and get sth because of the special qualities you have
to put your body close to the ground by bending your legs under you
to get rid of sth that you no longer want or need
a place where money is made
used or having an effect over short distances or for a short time
a small amount of sth ; less than enough of sth
when a liquid boils or when you boil it , it is heated to the point where it forms bubbles and turns to stea m or vapour
connected with foreign countries
used to introduce a word or phrase that explains or means the same as another
containing magic ; used in magic
to put on formal clothes
used to show that you approve of or are pleased about sth that has been said or done , or to show that you want to move on to a new topic of conversation
a table or small shop with an open front that people sell things from , especially at a market
a large wooden container for transporting goods
existing a long time ago in the past
to achieve a score , performance , profit , etc .
a very rich , important and powerful person
not in the right position
to get the most recent information , for example on an Internet page , by clicking on a button on the screen
injured or damaged
a piece of safety equipment that stops an electric current from flowing through sth
to live or work in a place as a tenant
to win a medal in a competition
the time when sth starts ; the first part of an event , a story , etc .
in a way that smells sweet
related through the father 's side of the family
to arrange to do sth or arrange for sth to happen at a particular time
something that encourages you to do sth
any type of grass
to give sb the wrong idea or impression and make them believe sth that is not true
to jump into water with your head and arms going in first
to tell sb sth that is not true , especially as a joke
something unpleasant or ugly that spoils the appearance or public image of sth
not acceptable
without any stops
with a lot of control and rules that must be obeyed
to come together in large numbers ; to gather people or things together in large numbers
happening naturally , without being made to happen
to have enough seats for a particular number of p eople
very probably
an award , official title , etc. given to sb as a reward for sth that they have done
to fill sb with an emotion
to help an industry in your own country by taxing goods from other countries so that there is less competition
used to emphasize a statement
a feeling of worry or embarrassment
a small amount of a liquid
winning ; further advanced
the quality of being banal ; things , remarks , etc. that are banal
a large group of soldiers that forms part of an army , especially the one that existed in ancient Rome
a sudden large change or increase in sth
exactly ; in a straight line
a connection between two or more people or things
to move the hands of a clock to the correct later time
a formal choice that you make in an election or at a meeting in order to choose sb or decide sth
used at the end of a statement , to show that you have finished speaking , or to form a question or invite sb to reply
to think deeply about sth for a long time
baked clay used for building walls , houses and other buildings ; an individual block of this
on the sea , especially in a ship , or in the sea
at the actual place where sth is happening
to bring or collect money or people together ; to manage to get or form sth
tasting or smelling of mint
a separation ; the ending of a relationship between two things
to persuade sb to do sth dangerous , difficult or embarrassing so that they can show that they are not afraid
the act or process of producing babies , young animals or plants
ordinary and not showing any imagination
to prove that sth is genuine , real or true
brave , especially in a very difficult situation
trying ver y hard to be better than others
to offer a suggestion to sb so that they can accept or reject it
a substance , for example penicillin , that can destroy or prevent the growth of bacteria and cure infections
to be placed on one or both sides of sth
to give up sth / sb when you are forced to
having a very great effect and of great importance
to be the best at sth ; to be in first place
to use sth effectively
the mass of eggs inside a female fish ( hard roe ) or the sperm of a male fish ( soft roe ) , used as food
a person or thing that came before and influenced sb / sth else that is similar ; a sign of what is going to happen
a curved shape
to emphasize or show that sth is important or true
the area beside a bed
the fact of having committed crimes in the past
the process of sth becoming or being made popular or fashionable again
a belief or an opinion that you express , especially in an argument
a situation in which sb is not loyal to a person or group who trusted them , by not doing sth that they promised to do , or by doing sth that they promised not to do
a service such as transport or health care that a government or an official organization provides for people in general in a particular society
used to express mild anger
not suitable , right or what you need
based on or containing facts
showing the effects of too much alcohol ; involving people who are drunk
a person who sees sth happen and is able to describe it to other people
asking for information
an act of defeating or criticizing sb severely
lacking discipline or control
a loud sound that you make by breathing air out noisily through your nose , especially to show that you are angry or amused
the action of launching sth ; an event at which sth is launched
able to see objects with length , width and depth , as humans do
to hold sth firmly and use force in order to move it or try to move it towards yourself
used to emphasize that sth is bigger , better or worse than anything else like it
a nobleman of high rank
to remove official controls on money or an economy
the act of accepting sb into an institution , organization , etc ; the right to enter a place or to join an institution or organization
two people working or performing together
a person or group that automatically gives approval to the actions or decisions of others
to end ; to make sth end
to deal with sth in a way that is clever but sligh tly dishonest
popular and fashionable
to give light to sth or to a place
to slope steeply downwards
a way of talking about credit cards
to give sb money or sth valuable in order to persuade them to help you , especially by doing sth dishonest
a shape that you cannot see clearly , often because it is moving too fast
the action of stirring sth
two weeks
having a powerful effect on the body or mind
always thinking of other people 's wishes and feelings ; careful not to hurt or upset others
the process of providing a place or person with necessary things
used to show the situation sb / sth is in , what sb is doing or what is happening
( in Britain ) a place where civil marriages ( = that do not involve a religious ceremony ) are performed and where records of births , marriages and deaths are made
protected from sth and therefore able to avoid it
after one other person or thing in order or importance
to put sth on the top of sth else
ordinary metal that is covered with a thin layer of silver or gold
delayed until a later time or date
to become ill / sick after eating , breathing , etc. a particular substance
a place where you can safely cross a road , a river , etc , or from one country to another
a person or an animal that begins a race quickly so that the other people taking part will try to copy the speed and run a fast race
a small amount of metal or other material used to fill a hole in a tooth
with time between
a sausage
causing you to feel upset or embarrassed
cruel behaviour or treatment ; the fact of not having the usual human qualities of kindness and pity
caused by a driver who does not stop to help
a dirty or untidy person
a weapon that is used for firing bullets or shells
a machine that cuts grass
that has not yet been proved to be true or confirmed
an artist who paints pictures
to fix sth firmly in sth
a strong desire or feeling of duty to do a particular job , especially one in which you help other people
to have a particular intention when you begin sth
most important ; main
to show sb sympathy when they are upset or disappointed about sth
to cause physical pain to sb / yourself ; to injure sb / yourself
too much pride in your own appearance , abilities or achievements
the quantity of goods that is produced
angry bitter feelings or words
heavy in relation to its size
to estimate an amount , a figure , a measurement , etc. wrongly
a series of quick short high sounds that some animals make
to draw marks that do not mean anything
to show that sth is true or that a situation exists
a surprise visit by the police looking for criminals or for illegal goods or drugs
a woman who is the ruler of an empire
to exist between two events or places
a symbol rather than a word representing one of the numbers between 0 and 9
the government of a country
to push or press sb / sth into a small space
to completely destroy a building , town , etc. so that nothing is left
connected with the state of being male or female
used with nouns , adjectives and adverbs to form adjectives that show how sth has been influenced
to try to make sb do sth by talking or behaving in an aggressive way
a part of the sea , or of a large lake , partly surrounded by a wide curve of the land
a small area of still water , especially one that is artificial
a section of a government department in charge of one particular activity
to pretend that you have a particular feeling or that you are ill / sick , tired , etc .
to prove that sth is true
to officially stop the supply of telep hone lines , water , electricity or gas to a building
a liquid ; a substance that can flow
serious danger
the 6th letter of the Englis h alphabet
something that is placed in an official record
to make a quick drawing of sb / sth
to add up to sth
used as the past form of will when reporting what sb has said or thought
a person 's female child
willing to take risks and try new ideas ; enjoying being in new , exciting situations
to state again , clearly and firmly , that sth is true
not kind , friendly or polite
a set of exam questions on a particular subject ; the answers that people write to the questions
a thing that is not yet fully understood or that is difficult to understand
an informal agreement
not sensible or wise ; that you would advise against
a long narrow piece of paper , metal , cloth , etc .
an area that is dark and cool under or behind sth , for example a tree or building , because the sun 's light does not get to it
to leave a piece of equipment working
very involved in sth so that you have no time for other activities or interests
an informal way to talk to a woman , showing a lack of respect
the part of a room beside the fire
a medical examination to discover what is wrong with you or to check the condition of your health
in an honest way without worrying about what people will say or do
to undo sth that is tied to sth else
the different sections that are contained in a book
clear ; easily seen
a way of walking together where people move their feet at the same time
to take willingly sth that is offered ; to say ‘ yes ’ to an offer , invitation , etc .
a word from another language used in its original form
good in a moral and religious way
heavy and awkward
getting annoyed easily ; showing your anger
any of the periods of 100 years before or after the birth of Christ
stories that suggest a particular thing might happen in the future
to strongly advise sb to do sth
looking or sounding anxious , upset , angry , etc .
covered with ice
of some , etc. type
the physical size of an area
to grow taller , larger or more quickly than another person
not a part of sth else
to behave in a way that is not socially acceptable
showing good judgement and likely to be right
to move like a snake , in long twisting curves ; to go in a particular direction in long twisting curves
connected with government or public money , especially taxes
the state of having the same number , gender or person
having won the most games , races or competitions
a building used for a particular purpose , for example for holding meetings in or keeping animals or goods in
a person or book that is full of information
to look down
a report or broadcast that gives the most recent information about sth ; a new version of sth containing the most recent information
if sth sweats , the liquid that is contained in it appears on its surface
the political meetings , speeches , etc. that take place in the period before an election
connected with the body or with sex
inside your mind and not shown to other people
a person 's death . People say ‘ end ’ to avoid saying ‘ death ’ .
encouraging economic expansion
a sweet yellow sauce made from milk , sugar , eggs and flour , usually served hot with cooked fruit , puddings , etc .
rooms that are provided for soldiers , servants , etc. to live in
to be likely to do sth or to happen in a particular way because this is what often or usually happens
to cry , usually because you are sad
having a lot of knowledge because you have studied and read a lot
a large amount of water covering an area that is usually dry
the powder that is left after a dead person 's body has been cremated ( = burned )
a period of time spent travelling or resting away from home
electrical force measured in volts
to dance a waltz
the time when a baby is born ; the process of being born
to perform or behave well , badly , etc .
to walk , run or dance with quick light steps
an area of high land that is not near the coast
to persuade sb not to do sth
to prevent sb from getting sth or doing sth
to suddenly appear on your skin
a picture or pattern that is made by weaving coloured wool onto heavy cloth ; the art of doing this
with a meaning that is deliberately hidden or difficult to understand
a series of events , each of which causes the next
elegant and exact
frightening , usually because it is connected with sth violent or cruel
a deer , whether male or female
a document , work of art , etc. produced for the first time , from which copies are later made
buying goods without planning to do so in advance , and without thinking about it carefully
describing very serious damage and destruction in past or future events
a business or an activity that makes a large profit
fitting sb / sth closely
very pale in appearance , like a dead person
to use or develop sth such as money or a skill to make it more successful or worth more
with some outside parts left out , in order to show what the inside looks like
a young child
a piece of paper , wood or metal that has writing or a picture on it that gives you information , instructions , a warning , etc .
very surprised or shocked by sth , because it seems very unlikely
a person that you trust and who you talk to about private or secret things
connected with the differences that exist between groups of people who have different religious views
an outdoor entertainment at which people can play games to win prizes , buy food and drink , etc , usually arranged to make money for a special purpose
not in use
designed to be suitable for a wide range of situations or needs
happy and full of fun
a judge in court or the seat where he / she sits ; the position of being a judge or magistrate
typical or normal
to try very hard to get sth or to achieve sth
a feeling of extreme fear
a large number of people or things that are in a room
a strong feeling of shock and anger
pleasantly clear and sharp
to ask or to order sb to do sth
the most important members of the government and the opposition in the British parliament , who sit in the front rows of seats
involving people who are in opposition and who make attacks on each other
a hard stone that is usually green and is used in making jewellery and decorative objects
stretched or pulled so that it cannot stretch much further
pieces of paper with writing on them , such as letters , pieces of work or private documents
to enter a building illegally , usually using force , and steal from it
making you feel very shocked and frightened
to care for sb / sth because you are their mother , or as if you were their mother
the powerful effect that sth has on sb / sth
communication between people , countries , etc .
a particular type of illness or disease
used to add more information
in a position in the middle of an object , group of objects , people , etc ; between the beginning and the end of sth
to move or pass continuously from one place or person to another , especially in large numbers or amounts
to catch sth , especially an animal , in a snare
to reach or make sth reach a particular level
a way of investing money for the future
to cut sth large with a tool
to hurt sb who trusts you , especially by not being loyal or faithful to them
the act of looking for sth among a group of other objects in a way that makes them untidy
without windows
one of the large land masses of the earth such as Europe , Asia or Africa
not allowed by the rules of a formal meeting or debate
showing no kindness or pity
to speak angrily to sb , especially a child , because they have done sth wrong
the outer side or surface of sth
wearing a particular type of clothing
a standard or principle by which sth is judged , or with the help of which a decision is made
the end of a long narrow object that is larger or wider than the rest of it
the state of a particular group of people because of their situation in life , their problems , etc .
where you are not likely to be disturbed ; quiet
a person , a custom or an idea that seems old-fashioned and does not belong to the present
to make , persuade , etc. sb / sth to do sth
having an attractive brown colour from being in the sun
to own or use a particular type of vehicle
to ask sb for sth especially because you c annot or do not want to pay for it yourself
a person who has a Bachelor 's degree ( = a first university degree )
having a natural ability or skill for a particular activity or job
having no hope or enthusiasm
to make sth necessary
the measurement of how tall a person or thing is
a short fight or disagreement
the general ideas or structure that form the background to sth
connected with the process of producing young
not planned in advance
to make sth mor e noticeable or attractive by being placed near it
a feature , quality or person that makes sth seem interesting and enjoyable , and worth having or doing
a place where two or more cables , rivers or othe r things meet or are joined
a habit of doing sth
possibly
by everyone
a mass of rock standing above the earth 's surface or in the sea / ocean
in addition to sb / sth ; apart from sb / sth
a piece of writing performed by actors in a theatre or on television or radio
a natural substance found in food that is an essential part of what humans and animals eat to help them grow and stay healthy . There are many different vitamins .
the state of being a mother
to search quickly through sth in order to find or steal sth
the place where a race begins
the act or process of producing copies of a document , book , picture , etc .
an official written statement giving information
the same in size , quantity , value , etc. as sth else
the speed or rhythm of a piece of music
from one place , person , etc. to another
belonging to sth ; being part of sth ; relating to sth
along or further along a road or street
morally good
done slowly and carefully
a number of people or a particular group of people who watch , read or listen to the same thing
to show a particular measurement or amount
slow , calm and relaxed
to change the gears when you are driving a vehicle
solid waste from animals , especially from large ones
to multiply an amount by itself a particular number of times
the ability to feel shame at sth you have done
the use of all the colours , not only black and white
arranged in a hierarchy
an act of changing to a different place , vehicle or route when you are travelling
taken from a wide range of sources , especially without careful thought
happening or done at the same time as sth else
to feel uncertain about sth ; to feel that sth is not true , will probably not happen , etc .
used in some titles , especially those of royal people
offensive ; in bad taste
to enjoy the full taste or flavour of sth , especially by eating or drinking it slowly
nonsense , especially praise that is silly or not sincere
as is certain to happen
ready to do sth immediately if needed or asked
the lower floor of a house or building , especially the one at ground level
trousers / pants for men or women , that are not part of a suit
showing that sth belongs to sb / sth
the act or result of sth becoming different
a conversation or discussion
to talk too proudly about sth you own or sth you have done
to change sth slightly , especially in order to make it more suitable for a particular purpose
to become or to make sth smaller in size or amount
a person whose job is to act for , or manage the affairs of , other people in business , politics , etc .
the act of repossessing property , goods , etc .
father
to fail completely
as cold as ice ; very cold
a place where sb lives or works and where they feel confident , rather than a place that is not familiar to them
to have or take control of the largest part of sth so that other people are prevented from sharing it
business activities ; the relations that you have with sb in business
not easily damaged and therefore suitable for hard physical work or to be used all the time
to make sb face or deal with an unpleasant or difficult person or situation
to make an effort to do sth , using all your mental or physical strength
a type of cloth made from silk , cotton or nylon , with a thick soft surface
a sign at the side of a road giving information about the direction and distance of places
an arrangement that you make in advance to buy a ticket to travel somewhere , go to the theatre , etc .
a system that shows the level of prices and wages , etc. so that they can be compared with those of a previous date
to watch , or look at sb / sth carefully in order to find out sth
a lack of heat or warmth ; a low temperature , especially in the atmosphere
the way that sb walks
to provide or prepare sth , especially food
to produce a show , play , broadcast , etc. for the public
a piece of wood or metal that is set in the ground in a vertical position , especially to support sth or to mark a point
provided free , at no cost to the person using it
to make sb / sth look , feel or seem older
an area within a frame on a computer screen , in which a particular program is operating or in which information of a particular type is shown
to investigate the opinions or behaviour of a group of people by asking them a series of questions
used to emphasize that it is important to do sth or when you are annoyed about sth
a thing shaped like a shelf , especially a piece of rock sticking out from a cliff or from the edge of a mass of land under the sea
to form sth into piles
the ordinary people in society who are not leaders or who are considered to be not very well educated
an area that has its own church and that a priest is responsible for
a piece of furniture like a table , usually with drawers in it , that you sit at to read , write , work , etc .
not anything ; nothing
the fact of being heavy
very special or unusual
a company that sells a particular product
to gradually stop functioning or b ecome smaller in size or number
very difficult to imagine or to understand ; extremely surprising
used to say what sb / sth is often like
a deliberate act of giving secret information to the newspapers , etc .
loud and deep
( in the US ) a person who is chosen by the candidate in an election , especially that for president , to support them and to have the next highest political position if they win
a tool with two long parts that are joined at one end , used for picking up and holding things
to make a machine , device , etc. operate
a manner or an expression that hides your true character or feelings
the act of killing some animals ( usually the weakest ones ) of a group in order to prevent the group from getting too large
a connection or relationship between people or organizations
a victory or a success , especially in a game of football ( soccer )
to eat small amounts of food many times during the day , often while doing other things , instead of eating three meals
to have a great effect on sth , especially sb 's mind , imagination , etc .
to give money to sb or an organization to help pay for sth ; to give a subsidy
to argue in support of sb / sth
including all the amounts that have been added previously
to hit a surface gently to the rhythm of music
extremely upset and shocked
to introduce or spread feelings or ideas , especially ones that cause trouble
time spent travelling , especially in foreign countries and for pleasure
arranged or organized in a neat , careful and logical way
used as a friendly way of addressing sb , especially a man
to look or behave like sth else
a statement that sth will certainly be true or will certainly happen , particularly when there has been doubt about it
in a morally bad or very unpleasant way
the extra force given to a word or phrase when spoken , especially in order to show that it is important ; a way of writing a word ( for example drawing a line underneath it ) to show that it is important
to attack sb by throwing things at them
to make sth sink into mud or wet ground
an untidy line that is made in cloth or paper when it is pressed or crushed
to get or take sb 's attention
to make a recording of music on a record , CD , etc .
a person who works in a particular way
a piece of music written for marching to
having power or control over other parts
a very large number
used to introduce the second part of a comparison
to give sb official thanks for sth that they have done or achieved
something that is put into a person 's body in a medical operation
including many different subjects , skills , etc .
a series of movements and steps that are usually performed to music ; a particular example of these movements and steps
more or higher than sth
to put too high a value on sth
fully grown and developed
a large farm , especially in N America or Australia , where cows , horses , sheep , etc. are bred
not safe ; dangerous
that you cannot get back ; lost
an unpleasant look or smile that shows sb is interested in a person in an evil or sexual way
the time of day in the particular part of the world that you are talking about
an event at which people can try different kinds of food and drink , especially wine , in small quantities
to make a telephone call to the place where you work
making it difficult to breathe normally
to complete a course in education , especially at high school
to disappoint sb ; to be unable to help when needed
without enough money or as much money as there was before
( in the Anglican Church ) a title of respect used when talking about an archdeacon
not wearing anything on your feet
serious and concerned with academic rather than practical matters
from a high or higher point on sth to a lower one
an official instruction
to move along smoothly and slowly in water or air
a sentence , phrase or word that asks for information
to have a particular smell
a long high sound that is usually unpleasant or annoying
to dig in the ground to look for old buildings or objects that have been buried for a long time ; to find sth by digging in this way
at the times of year when few people go on holiday / vacation
to remove sth from somewhere
a situation in which sth does not happen when it should ; the act of delaying
to be spread out in a particular place
to take the sharp or rough edges off sth
that teaches people sth
busy all the time
similar ; most similar
the activity of an organization that provides a service or advice to people in the community , especially those who cannot or are unlikely to come to an office , a hospital , etc. for help
an increase in the price of sth based on the difference between the cost of producing it and the price it is sold at
an inbuilt quality exists as an essential part of sth / sb
very large , heavy and solid
under or below sth else , especially when it is hidden or covered by the thing on top
a particular period of time or history
to finish a game without either team winning
to explain sth by talking about it in detail
a very small piece of food , especially of bread or cake , that has fallen off a larger piece
to fill sb / sth with strong feelings , opinions or values
an object that you have for enjoyment or pleasure rather than for a serious purpose
to , towards or from the side
the main part of a word that stays the same when endings are added to it
the business of selling goods to the public , usually through shops / stores
a person or thing that causes others to respect and admire sth / sb
a strong feeling of attraction that a particular place has for you
violent physical action used to obtain or achieve sth
a person , company , etc. that buys goods from another country in order to sell them in their own country
used when you want to correct sth that you have just said
to be alive , especially at a particular time
anxious or afraid that sth dangerous or unpleasant might happen
to show clearly that you have a feeling or quality
relating to fruit such as lemons , oranges and limes
the act of stopping sth that is being transported from one place from reaching another place , especially by using force
to protect yourself from difficult questions , criticisms , etc , especially by avoiding them
every day
used when asking sb 's opinion of sth
an act of stealing sth valuable from a shop / store or bank
on or onto a ship , plane , bus or train
an act of scrubbing sth
( usually used with an adjective ) a person who fights with a sword
afraid or suspicious of other people and believing that they are trying to harm you , in a way that is not reasonable
dealing with or involving other countries
without much possibility of being wrong
fort
to fasten clothes , bags , etc. with a zip / zipper
the ability to direct all your effort and attention on one thing , without thinking of other things
the letter H written as a word
the act of mixing cards before a card game
to be / become important and noticed by people ; to play an important part
to lose weight by limiting the amount and type of food that you eat
seeming evil or dangerous ; making you think sth bad will happen
a legal case or other matter that is easy to decide or solve
to run or swim a short distance very fast
that is as complete and thorough as possible
senior ; important
a person whose job is to teach sb a practical skill or sport
in poor condition because they have been used a lot
( in Britain ) a unit for measuring weight , equal to 6.35 kg or 14 pounds
an official in a large political organization
the time before which sth cannot happen
the quantity of material that sth contains
planned or designed for sb / sth
impressive to look at ; making a strong impression
the ability to continue doing sth painful or difficult for a long period of time without complaining
almost ; very nearly
a person , a situation , an event , etc. that is very similar to another , especially one in a different place or time
a claim that you have a particular quality or skill
friendly and easy to talk to ; easy to understand
to fill a place with sound
to make a continuous low sound like the parts of a machine moving
to exist and develop in a particular place ; to make plants grow
a person whose job is to be in charge of the entrance to a hotel , large building , college , etc .
in a way that is easy to see , hear , understand or believe
to force sb to walk somewhere with you
the abbreviation for ‘ White Anglo-Saxon Protestant ’ ( a white American whose family originally came from northern Europe and is therefore thought to be from the most powerful section of society )
the activity of writing , in contrast to reading , speaking , etc .
the activity or the manner of controlling a country
relating to the part of the police service that examines the physical evidence of a crime that is present in the place where the crime was committed
no longer fashionable or new
in a way that is unfair , immoral or not correct
showing strong emotions , especially anger
to be available
to achieve or be given a particular mark / grade in an exam
a person who is successful and has a lot of influence
to spread butter on sth
to deal with a problem successfully or organize sth / sb properly
if your stomach churns or if sth churns your stomach , you feel a strong , unpleasant feeling of worry , disgust or fear
the remains of an animal or a plant which have become hard and turned into rock
used in questions to ask the reason for or purpose of sth
an organized order of performances or events
arranged for the present time only and likely to be changed in the future
a compound of sulphuric acid and a chemical element
very happy and excited because of sth good that has happened , or will happen
to persuade or trick sb to go somewhere or to do sth by promising them a reward
showing anger
a journey to a place and back again
to walk with quiet steps
pretending to be sb else in order to do sth secretly
to help sb to do sth by letting them watch you do it or by explaining it
to bring a plant , an animal or a disease to a place for the first time
to show that sth cannot be true or correct
a feeling of care or worry
starting with details and then later moving on to more general principles
sensible ; a good idea
to talk about sth as if it were definitely true , even though it might not be
to gain marks in a test or an exam
activities such as sewing and making cloth that use skill with your hands and artistic ability to make things
the force or weight with which sth presses against sth else
to keep sb / sth under control ; to be able to deal with sb / sth
an a rea of sea or ocean belonging to a particular country
a college that trains people for a job or profession
to develop or start to happen or exist ; to develop or start sth
a small complaint or criticism , especially one that is not important
to broadcast a programme on the radio or on television ; to be broadcast
great knowledge about or understanding of a particular thing
cruel and angry criticism
to advertise or describe sb / sth in a particular way
to put sb / yourself in a particular situation
containing sugar ; tasting of sugar
a game played over a large area of ground using specially shaped sticks to hit a small hard ball ( a golf ball ) into a series of 9 or 18 holes , using as few strokes as possible
witho ut help
to pretend to make a particular move in order to confuse your opponent
the act of sending money to sb in order to pay for sth
a system with loudspeakers used for giving information in a public place
in a way that shows you are sad or disappointed about sth
a sticky substance that is used for joining things together
to pull down a piece of clothing worn below the waist without complete ly removing it
a thing that surrounds sth else
conditions in which the air is very warm and damp
something that causes harm or evil
dirty and unpleasant conditions
full ; complete
following what is traditional or the way sth has been done for a long time
the typical way of behaving and living of a particular group of people
a system of communication by telephone or radio inside an office , plane , etc ; the device you press or switch on to start using this system
difficult to hold or to stand or move on , because it is smooth , wet or polished
to make sth happen
used for roasting meat , vegetables , etc .
to arrive somewhere in a plane or a boat
to suddenly force sb / sth into a particular state or condition
rows of seats at a sports ground
the act of replacing one thing with another , especially sth that is newer or better
not able or not willing to see , meet or talk to sb
to fill sb with a strong feeling
making you want to go to sleep
used after a noun or pronoun to emphasize one particular thing
to leave your job , school , etc .
a lump of soft food , often dropped from a spoon
to make sb anxious or afraid
not strong and likely to become ill / sick
not confident about yourself or your relationships with other people
special metal clothing that soldiers wore in the past to protect their bodies while fighting
to fall or to make sth fall on sb / sth in large quantities
somewhere to live or stay , often also providing food or other services
a small piece of interesting information , especially about sth that is not very important
to write music to go with words
a series of sudden and violent changes in the direction that air or water is moving in
progress , especially in a particular task
to pull a piece of clothing tighter to your body
showing a lack of intelligence or good judgement
being the first of its kind
a range of different incomes on which the same rate of tax must be paid
willingly or with pleasure
very informal words and expressions that are more common in spoken language , especially used by a particular group of people , for example , children , criminals , soldiers , etc .
careful and thorough
a decorative cover for a bed , made of two layers with soft material between them
used to tell sb to stop what they are doing or saying for a short time
a particular area or place
to hide a feeling , smell , fact , etc. so that it cannot be easily seen or noticed
made legal or acceptable because they have existed for a long time
the skin and shiny brown fur of the mink , used for making expensive coats , etc .
to be filled with a strong feeling , especially anger , which you have difficulty controlling
to experience sth difficult or unpleasant
people in authority or experts
the buying and using of goods and services ; the belief that it is good for a society or an individual person to buy and use a large quantity of goods and services
all the time or every time ; always
to affect your senses in a way that is very unpleasant or uncomfortable
a feeling of pleasure and satisfaction
the direction that is on your left when you watch the sun rise ; one of the four main points of the compass
not right or fair according to a set of rules or principles ; not treating people equally
beautiful to look at
having a lot of frills
the leaders of a movement in society , for example in politics , art , industry , etc .
a number beginning with the letter E that is printed on packs and containers to show what artificial flavours and colours have been added to food and drink ; an artificial flavour , colour , etc. added to food and drink
to make a high sound or a musical tune by forcing your breath out when your lips are closed
a piece of clothing ( usually for men ) , worn on the upper part of the body , made of light cloth , with sleeves and usually with a collar and buttons down the front
going away from a particular place rather than arriving in it
in a way that makes people get a bad opinion about sth
to make sb / sth become more involved in politics
to like sth very much
not wanting to help or give information about sth
a lake or a long strip of sea that is almost surrounded by land
that is suitable or right in the circumstances
a situation in which a particular set of conditions is created artificially in order to study or experience sth that could exist in reality
to say what will happen in the future ( done in the past using religious or magic powers )
to continue for a particular period of time
a situation that allows sth to happen , or that allows people to go to a place or get information without restrictions
to be a particular amount or part of sth
not intelligent
to demand and get sth from sb
warm , comfortable and safe , especially because of being sm all or confined
open through the night
to move forward by making sharp sudden turns first to the left and then to the right
covered with grass or other plants
to make sb fall over
to start or begin sth such as a job
the quality of being polite and well educated and able to judge the quality of things ; the state of having the sort of manners that are considered typical of a high social class
connected with the digestion of food
a valuable object that has belonged to the same family for many years
to make sth less severe
a medicine that makes you feel stronger and healthier , taken especially when you feel tired
to pull or knock down a building
that has not been visited or investigated before ; not familiar
the leader of a community
an exchange of words or ideas
extremely shocking
to turn the handle of a machine that grinds sth
showing much or too much emotion
a plastic material that looks like leather
to present a written or spoken account of an event in a newspaper , on television , etc .
a large , solid , metal piece of equipment for burning wood or coal , used for heating a room
not connected with your work or official position
a person who lives in a particular place or who has their home there
a person who gives evidence in court
a feeling of anger or dislike towards sb because of sth bad they have done to you in the past
an object that is used as decoration in a room , garden / yard , etc. rather than for a particular purpose
completely clean , and therefore attractive
to make sth move on or near the surface of a liquid
showing that sb / sth is in the same place or state that they were in originally
used when you are pausing to consider your next words
not scientific ; not done in a careful , logical way
to base sth on a particular belief , idea or principle
used for emphasis to show that sb / sth is an exact or clear example of the thing mentioned
information or a warning given in advance of sth that is going to happen
not allowed
happening in a short time or without delay
the way that sb / sth is treated
light and pleasant ; not strong
the recent past
to travel regularly by bus , train , car , etc. between your place of work and your home
a pale colour
an increase in the amount of sth over a period of time
having no meaning or purpose
the special right of Members of Parliament to speak freely in Parliament , especially about another person , without risking legal action
sums involving the adding , multiplying , etc. of numbers
the action of choosing sb / sth in an election or at a meeting
to go around or avoid a place
the number of people who are allowed to enter a school , college , profession , etc. during a particular period
putting an idea into people 's minds by connecting it with other ideas
to move suddenly and violently
to control or protect sb / sth using magic , or as if using magic
to get money , food , etc. from sb else instead of paying for it yourself
to remove mud , stones , etc. from the bottom of a river , canal , etc. using a boat or special machine , to make it deeper or to search for sth
to move , or make sth move , into a position with one side or end higher than the other
to make sth / sb weaker ; to destroy sth gradually
to like or love sb and worry about what happens to them
( in British schools ) a short holiday / vacation in the middle of each term
the beautiful and impressive features or qualities of sth , especially a place
following , agreeing with or depending on sth
at which everyone is equal and has the same rights
the form that some types of energy such as heat , sound , light , etc. take as they move
the act of eating sth
that you can imagine as a possibility
a person who continues to look young and beautiful , even though they are growing older or behaving in an immoral way
the value of a stamp , coin , ticket , etc. that is shown on the front of it
houses , flats / apartments , etc. that people live in , especially when referring to their type , price or condition
based on the principle that all members of society are equal rather than divided by money or social class
to fight for or speak in support of a group of people or a belief
giving an appearance of being important and expensive
to keep sth secret , especially your feelings
not causing surprise
dealing with people or a situation by not becoming involved and by allowing people to do what they want to
to practise or make people practise a play , piece of music , etc. in preparation for a public performance
putting limits on what is possible
numbers , years or temperatures from 90 to 99
to take part in a contest against sb
to take control of a country , region , etc , especially by force
an officer of high rank in the army , the marines , or the US air force
the top part of the head , especially when there is no hair on it
present everywhere
a job , especially one that involves working with your hands and that requires special training and skills
at or during the time that
two people or things that work together or are placed together ; the act of placing them together
like a fungus
to think about past events , for example to try to understand why they happened
to reject sb / sth that you hav e previously been connected with
the sound of people talking , especially in an excited way
to continue to have a part of sth
a machine for drying sth
to have a particular feeling , opinion or attitude
a measurement of speed , used especially for aircraft . Mach 1 is the speed of sound .
the place where a river , pipe , etc. flows out into the sea
a short performance or piece of entertainment such as a song , etc .
a piece of rope , wire , etc. in the shape of a curve or circle
something that is not important to or connected with a situation
quickly ; more quickly than is usual
the system of buses , trains , etc. provided by the government or by companies , which people use to travel from one place to another
already mixed and ready to use
the way in which two or more things or people affect each other
to formally promise to give or do sth
to know about what sb has done wrong
to be with sb who is doing a particular job , so that you can learn about it
not fastened or covered , so that things can easily come out or be put in
to be successful in your career
the tendency of hair to form curls
being the second of two things , people or groups that have just been mentioned , or the last in a list
used after some verbs , adjectives and nouns to introduce a new part of the sentence
to put an idea into sb 's mind ; to make sb think that sth is true
having the size mentioned
connected with a desire for pleasure
in a way that is correct and / or appropriate
wearing a mask
a sense of your own importance and value
to do exactly what you would like
if sth is scarce , there is not enough of it and it is only available in small quantities
the inner part , side or surface of sth
damage to sb 's reputation ; loss of respect
to put facts , events , details , etc. together to make a story or a closely connected whole
burning quickly and strongly
to join two people or things closely together
to make sb feel nervous or frightened or lose confidence
used to introduce a summary of sth that has just been said
to come to sb 's attention
that you can see through
a performance that is very impressive and receives a lot of applause from the audience
an action , or a ceremony , etc. that makes people remember and show respect for an important person or event in the past
an officer of high rank in the British army
feeling that you want to eat sth
the process of people making their homes in a place
that has not been answered
a pipe or hole through which liquid or gas can flow out
the white liquid produced by cows , goats and some other animals as food for their young and used as a drink by humans
the quality or fact of including a range of many people or things
to spend very little money on the things that you need to live , especially so that you can save it to spend on sth else
that used to exist in earlier times
not lying down , and with the back straight rather than bent
a picture printed on a piece of film , usually in a frame , that can be shown on a screen by shining light through the film
open to people in general ; intended to be seen or heard by people in general
to make the best use of sth
connected with the time when kings and queens from the Tudor family ruled England ( 1485-1603 )
evil or immoral behaviour ; an evil or immoral quality in sb 's character
that you have to pay tax on
something that you own or have with you at a particular time
a period of time when the supply of electricity , etc. is not working
the act of perspiring
to travel , especially a long distance
a bird like a duck , that can also swim underwater
a thing that is dishonestly arranged ; a trick
the process of making a close connection between one person or thing and another
the act or process of making a way into or through sth
situations and events that affect and influence your life and that are not in your control
a belief , custom or way of doing sth that has existed for a long time among a particular group of people ; a set of these beliefs or customs
Advanced Subsidiary ( level ) ; a British exam usually taken in Year 12 of school or college ( = the year before the final year ) when students are aged 17 . Together with A2 exams , AS levels form the A-level qualification , which is needed for entrance to universities .
used for talking to or about other members of a women 's organization or other women who have the same ideas , purpose , etc. as yourself
to try to kick , hit or throw the ball into a goal or to score a point
if sth that is thrown , kicked , etc. carries a particular distance , it travels that distance before stopping
to form a picture of sb / sth in your mind
that is not likely to change or be solved quickly
very direct and cheerful , with good intentions , although not always very polite
during the morning of the next day ; tomorrow morning
to remind yourself / sb of sth , especially with the help of sth that can be seen or heard
used to comment on sth that makes a situation worse
people of a similar age or within a particular range of ages
a piece of material that people can wear on their skin to help them to stop smoking
used to show sth that is known or reported about a particular person or thing
to give sth that was lost or stolen back to sb
a strong desire or need in people
a container that is used for shaking things
used with will or would to ask sb politely to do sth
that bounces well or that has the ability to make sth bounce
to fight sb by holding them and trying to throw or force them to the ground , sometimes as a sport
to surprise or shock sb so much that they are unable to speak
expressed easily and well
to be capable of being cut
good at sounding honest and sincere , especially when trying to trick people
the state of being illegal
anger and violent behaviour caused by a particular situation
extremely ; very much
a way of saying ‘ isn 't it ’
the top or the surface of a table
a person who takes sth quickly with their hand and steals it
connected with the position or work of a director , especially of a director of films / movies
a structure that is made of strips of wood or metal that cross over each other with spaces shaped like a diamond between them , used , for example , as a fence ; any structure or pattern like this
to move paper or things into different positions or a different order
strong criticism that is often unfair and is intended to harm sb / sth
to pretend that you have not seen sb or that sb is not there
a layer of pastry , especially on top of a pie
that you can trust or rely on completely
harmful to your health ; likely to make you ill / sick
a member of the navy or a sailor on a ship below the rank of an officer
an advantage that sb already has before they start doing sth
having the type of hair mentioned
a set of rooms , especially in a hotel
to experience problems or difficulties
as if you are in a dream or asleep
to pull sth hard in a particular direction
in a particular place or position
the time when sb usually goes to bed
made or done for a particular person rather than for a large group of people or people in general
to escape suddenly from sb who is holding you or keeping you prisoner
a piece of clothing that the original owner no longer wants to wear
fitted with metal springs
because of the fact that has been mentioned
all the circumstances and things that are happening at a particular time and in a particular place
the system of electrical wires in a house , car or machine
a short sleep , especially during the day
an act that you think is immoral or is a big mistake
for a short period of time but not permanently
a mark left on a surface by a person 's foot or shoe or by an animal 's foot
extremely complicated and difficult to follow
an instrument that uses or makes sound
the edge of land where people live and have built towns , beyond which the country is wild and unknown , especially in the western US in the 19th century
a large piece of material that is hu ng on a wall for decoration
like a girl ; of a girl
a person who supports left-wing political parties and their ideas
to receive broadcasts from a particular television or radio station
an illness , especially one that is not serious , and often one that affects a particular part of the body
to reduce the amount of work , debt , worry , etc. that sb has
a statement of your religious beliefs , principles , etc .
without a moon that can be seen
using a lot of sth
used when making a polite request , offer or suggestion
done in an exaggerated and probably not sincere way
if two people are at cross purposes , they do not understand each other because they are talking about or aiming at different things , without realizing it
the skill of being able to protect yourself from physical attack without using weapons
to put sth such as a piece of writing into fewer words ; to put a lot of information into a small space
a thing that you give to sb as a gift
connected with the past
to commit yourself to a project or course of action , especially one that you have agreed with a group of other people , countries or organizations
used with a unit of time to mean ‘ the present ’
to make music , etc. louder
to organize work on a project or information in a document so that the more important work or information is done or placed first
to throw a shadow over sth
shelter or protection from danger , trouble , etc .
to get sth from sth
without thinking or caring about the effect of your actions on other people
in agreement with sb / sth ; working well with sb / sth
to leave coats , bags , etc. in an official place ( called a checkroom ) while you are visiting a club , restaurant , etc .
to think in a particular way or on a particular subject
a person who has a job at a low level within an organization
a special piece of thin cloth or soft paper that has been treated with a liquid and that you use to clean away dirt and bacteria
to publish a written statement about sb that is not true
to get sth by putting pressure on sb , threatening them , etc .
to dislike sth very much
to say that you do not want sth that is offered to you
being offered at a reduced price
to remain to be used , sold , etc .
to make sth seem unimportant or of no value
a long running race of about 42 kilometres or 26 miles
a way of seeing , accepting and dealing with situations as they really are without being influenced by your emotions or false hopes
in many cases
a written agreement in which a company selling sth promises to repair or replace it if there is a problem within a particular period of time
great skill and enthusiasm in doing sth artistic
to switch a light or a source of heat off
having taken more money out of your bank account than you have in it
the act of linking things ; a link or system of links
to copy sb / sth
if sb is widowed , their husband or wife has died
a long narrow container made of soft metal or plastic , with a lid , used for holding thick liquids that can be squeezed out of it
to reduce sth so that it happens in less time
an image on a television screen
an animal , especially a horse , of high quality , that has parents that are both of the same breed
used to say that you are about to tell sb sth that is surprising or amusing
to accept or receive sth
something that you must do , see , buy , etc .
special importance given to sth
a flat bar on a machine such as a bicycle , car , etc. that you push down with your foot in order to make parts of the machine move or work
an act or the sound of snuffling
wearing slippers
a failure to win a contest
very many
used when the person or people being spoken to both cause and are affected by an action
a range of levels or numbers used for measuring sth
to mix things together into a soft smooth mixture
to ring ; to show the time by making a ringing sound
a letter of the form and size that is used at the beginning of a sentence or a name ( = A , B , C rather than a , b , c )
to confuse sth or make it wrong
the situation at a particular time during a process
causing sb to feel ashamed
genuine , real or legal ; not false
to trick sb into sth
the state of being in control or the leader of sth
to make sb / sth have a particular quality
to go somewhere where you hope you will not be seen or found
a layer of coverings , especially of metal plates
the small central group in an organization , or in a particular group of people , who are the most active or who will not change their beliefs or behaviour
a tool used for beating things
a person who has completed their school studies
to change direction or make sth change direction , especially after hitting sth
the fact of showing that you are sorry for sth wrong that you have done
( in the past ) a castle on high ground in or near a city where people could go when the city was being attacked
if you open your mouth or your mouth opens , you move your lips , for example in order to speak
to force people to move away from their home to another place
the freedom or power to decide what should be done in a particular situation
the movement of an object or a person falling through the air without engine power or a parachute
between planets
to expect to do sth
that has not been asked for or requested
to fail to hear correctly what sb says , so that you think they said sth else
an extreme fear of being in a small confined place ; the unpleasant feeling that a person gets in a situation which restricts them
the level of importance that is given to sth
to experience a chemical change because of the action of yeast or bacteria , often changing sugar to alcohol ; to make sth change in this way
with one leg on each side of sth
disagreement ; arguing
having or wearing a hood
to open
a battle , especially for a particular place or position
to recognize sb / sth and be able to say who or what they are
threatening to do sth evil or to hurt sb
a large number of things falling from the sky at the same time
an act of exchanging one thing or person for another
a small quantity of blood , urine , etc. that is taken from sb and tested by a doctor
the sudden start of sth unpleasant , especially violence or a disease
( in Britain ) Bachelor of Medicine ( a university degree in medicine )
to talk in an aggressive or threatening way , but with little effect
to see or hear sth , but not very clearly
telling people your opinions or protesting about sth loudly and with confidence
to change a system , process , etc. in a bad way so that it is not what it used to be or what it should be
a safe place , especially one where people who are being chased or attacked can stay and be protected
a competition between national teams from all over the world , usually held every few years
the joint connecting the foot to the leg
based on , or holding , the belief that everyone is equal and should have the same rights and opportunities
finished ; completed
a paper handkerchief ; a tissue
a state of shame or loss of honour
connected with industry
to say cruel or critical things about sb
the state of being alone , especially when you find this pleasant
doing sth rather than just talking about it
similar to
not with the pair or set that it belongs to ; not matching
a business organization that makes money by producing or selling goods or services
to kick or hit a ball into the goal SYN score
a very light soft plastic that is usually white , used especially for making containers that prevent heat loss .
the background to a news story
covered with rubber
a person who is certifiable can or should be officially stated to be insane
the act of ending sth ; the end of sth
to leave a place , especially quickly
the act of restricting , limiting or managing sth ; a method of doing this
to produce liquid
to give a particular quality to a person or a situation
a person , a thing or a situation that will help you get what you want
beginning
a harmless way of letting out feelings of anger , excitement , etc .
the form of a verb used to describe actions in the past
making you feel calmer and less worried or unhappy
harmful ; causing or likely to cause damage
as good as the best in the world
a problem , worry , difficulty , etc. or a situation causing this
on or during the evening or night of today
a house , especially a large or impressive one
easily or clearly heard , seen , felt , etc .
to wash your face and hands
not connected to a real or practical situation and therefore not important
to hit sth , often by accident , with a short , hard blow
a person who likes punk music and dresses like a punk musician , for example by wearing metal chains , leather clothes and having brightly coloured hair
a piece of grass at the edge of a path , road , etc .
a plane driven by jet engines
a reward promised to sb in order to persuade them to do sth
light from the stars
something that has been recorded on tape
to not be harmed or damaged by sth
a number that measures a particular property ( = characteristic ) of a substance
expressing a threat of harm or violence
the loss of respect that is caused when you do sth wrong or stupid
like a saint ; very holy and good
involving a group of people who have a close relationship and do not want to include anyone outside the group
to have information in your mind as a result of experience or because you have learned or been told it
used to show that sth / sb is removed from a place , job , etc .
to make a sound slowly and often with effort
except
not large in size or extent ; limited in what it does
a medicine that helps sb with a cold to breathe more easily
to work hard and steadily at sth , especially sth that takes a long time and is boring or difficult
to claim that you are a particular type of person , especially when other people question whether this is true
of or connected with people rather than animals , machines or gods
to stop having a particular habit
the business activity connected with providing accommodation , services and entertainment for people who are visiting a place for pleasure
that does not stop holding sth or give up sth easily ; determined
a unit for measuring quantity used in cooking in the US ; a metal or plastic container used to measure this quant ity
to not go to or be in a place where you are expected to be
a part or share of sth
to put sth down on sth , especially noisily or carelessly
used to agree with sb
done or produced by and for yourself
the defeat of a person or team that defeated you in a previous game
a person who takes part in a contest
if sth happens for several days , etc. in a row , it happens on each of those days
an agreement that you make with sb that you can both accept
more with one person , thing , etc. than with others , or more in particular circumstances than in others
strange or unusual
a separate section of a train
things that sb does to try to please you or to show their interest in you
a small group of musicians , dancers or actors who perform together
used to emphasize sth , especially that there is a large amount or too much of sth
used for emphasis to mean ‘ the only one ’ or ‘ the most important one ’
to carefully examine or consider sth again , especially so that you can decide if it is necessary to make changes
any small hollow place in a surface
extremely large
used to emphasize that a particular statement , feeling , etc. is sincere or genuine
to place sth between two people or things
to successfully resist sth to a very unusual degree
used to refer to an object of a particular kind
the hidden home of some types of wild animal
slightly bitter but fresh
to be willing to do sth
an act of repairing sth
to make , plan or intend sth for a particular purpose or use
a person who knows a lot about good food and wines and who enjoys choosing , eating and drinking them
to promise to do sth ; to promise sth will happen
to take a quick deep breath with your mouth open , especially because you are surprised or in pain
a street with a row of small shops
coming towards you SYN approaching
deserving praise and approval
concerned with beauty and art and the understanding of beautiful things
in most cases
of or in the style of the period 1811 – 20 in Britain , when George , Prince of Wales , was regent ( = ruled the country in place of the king , his father )
morally correct or acceptable
an instrument used in scientific study for making very small things look larger so that you can examine them carefully
used to express surprise , anger or relief
bad-tempered or not speaking because you are angry about sth
a quick hit with your hand
( in Britain ) a procedure in which a court examines an action or decision of a public body and decides whether it was right
that you can choose to do or have if you want to
a true but unpleasant fact about a person , usually told to them by sb else
the action of making sb do sth that they do not want to do , using force or threatening to use force
a top for a container , especially a wine bottle , that screws onto it
having a special or secret meaning that is not understood by everyone
that stay and live in the same place or area
to photograph and examine bones and organs inside the body , using X-rays
a clever remark or joke
relating to the mind rather than the feelings
an understanding of sth
to communicate with sb , for example by telephone or letter
a fact that people are made aware of , especially one that has been secret and is surprising
to protect sth and prevent it from being changed or destroyed
to be helpful by doing what sb asks you to do
used with I and we in polite requests
to make a game , an event , etc. end early or prevent it from starting
to improve a person 's mood , so that they feel happy
used in questions to express surprise or confusion
a snowstorm with very strong winds
dishonest , secret and often illegal activity by a political group or other organization that is intended to harm the reputation or success of an opponent
a statement or an idea that forms the basis for a reasonable line of argument
a person who expresses disapproval of sb / sth and talks about their bad qualities , especially publicly
a device used for measuring speed , distance , temperature , etc. in a vehicle or on a piece of machinery
a thick cream made of various substances that you put on your face and neck in order to improve the quality of your skin
to move your body or part of it quickly or suddenly
falling from or down from a place
something that must be thought about when you are planning or deciding sth
to keep a permanent account of facts or events by writing them down , filming them , storing them in a computer , etc .
the bias of a piece of cloth is an edge cut diagonally across the threads
complicated and difficult to solve
a person who is very intelligent
very serious and unpleasant , with a lot of anger and hatred involved
at this / that moment ; now
a fall in the amount of business that is done ; a time when the economy becomes weaker
a toy made of a light frame covered with paper , cloth , etc , that you fly in the air at the end of one or more long strings
made or sold by a particular company
the position that sb has in the army , navy , police , etc .
to preserve meat or fish by hanging it in smoke from wood fires to give it a special taste
to throw sb / sth somewhere with force , especially because you are angry
to give lessons to students in a school , college , university , etc ; to help sb learn sth by giving inform ation about it
a person or an organization that supplies sb with sth they need or want
being the amount or number after everyone or everything is counted or added together
to make a low continuous sound ; to move making such a sound
an ending in a film / movie , novel , etc , which happens in the way you expect , is full of exaggerated happiness , pity or love , and may not be very realistic
connected with or belonging to a country that controls another country
an act of appearing in public , especially as a performer , politician , etc , or in court
to come to or form the best , most exciting , or most important point in sth
an article in a newspaper or magazine or a broadcast on television or radio
something that is tempting is attractive , and makes people want to have it , do it , etc .
to make sb feel confused
a piece of net used for a particular purpose , such as catching fish or covering sth
used when you are giving your opinion or stating what is important about a situation
having sharp points
to officially decide and report that a child has special needs for his or her education
a pronoun or a form of a word that expresses the fact that sth belongs to sb / sth
able to make good judgements based on reason and experience rather than emotion ; practical
not having been defeated
to change sth good into sth bad , unpleasant , useless , etc .
to try hard to provide the money , equipment , etc. that is needed
to deal successfully with a difficulty
helping you to rest and become less anxious
to write sth or make a mark on sth
a share in a business or company and its profits
to cover , or to make sth cover , a larger and larger area
an organ , etc. that is used in a transplant operation
shy about showing much of the body ; not intended to attract attention , especially in a sexual way
( in the US ) the abbreviation for ‘ Scholastic Aptitude Test ’ ( a test taken by high school students who want to go to a college or university )
to bring a plane down to the ground in a controlled way
extreme , especially in a way that shows they are not aware of what they are doing or are not concerned about what happens because of it
difficult to believe
a railway engine that pulls a train
to treat sb unfairly by making them work and not giving them much in return
to be forgotten or not noticed
existing naturally in a place
a person who cooks food or whose job is cooking
to make food ready to be eaten
causing hatred , especially for moral reasons
if the ball is out , it landed outside the line
to become aware of sb / sth by using your eyes
used to mean ‘ zero ’ when saying telephone numbers , etc .
the science of numbers and shapes . Branches of mathematics include arithmetic , algebra , geometry and trigonometry .
completely dry
a quality of sth that makes it better or more useful
a fine powder that consists of very small pieces of sand , earth , etc .
a small decrease in the level or value of sth , especially in the price of shares
a small animal with smooth skin , that lives both on land and in water ( = is an amphibian ) . Frogs have very long back legs for jumping , and no tail .
the act of giving up your job or position ; the occasion when you do this
the form ( or mood ) of a verb that expresses wishes , possibility or uncertainty ; a verb in this form
the situation that exists in the world now , rather than in the past or the future
having a curved shape
the introduction of new things , ideas or ways of doing sth
used before an adjective to introduce a contrast
made so that it cannot be damaged if it is dropped or hit
thin and weak , usually because of illness or lack of food
not helpful or useful ; not willing to help sb
the information that is used in court to try to prove sth
of or belonging to the person or people being spoken or written to
away from a price
reacting quickly and in a positive way
to care for and protect sb / sth while they are growing and developing
to exist in large numbers in a particular place , often causing damage or disease
to spend your time not doing very much
to invent sth new or a new way of doing sth
to tell sb about sth , especially sth that you have experienced
to obtain sth by paying money for it
to direct your thoughts or attention towards sth
connected with the theatre or plays
measured or expressed in cubic units
an artistic effect or device , especially one that is very clever or tries to be very clever but does not succeed
earlier
an opportunity to explain your actions , ideas or opinions
very large , good , bad , stu pid , etc .
a part of a town or an area that is next to water , for example in a harbour
giving too much or too little importance to one part or aspect of sth
used at the end of a letter before signing your name
to make an activity more professional , for example by paying people who take part in it
extremely unpleasant and causing disgust
a lot of trouble and anger about sth
connected with old people
a state of not being able to remember anything
to give sb a job to do for payment
the act of publicly asking sb to promise to be loyal and perform their duties well when they start a new job , etc .
if sth goes awry , it does not happen in the way that was planned .
to put a piece of cloth in or over sb 's mouth to prevent them from speaking or shouting
the parts of a building that remain after it has been destroyed or severely damaged
slightly wet , often in a way that is unpleasant
to make sb / sth seem impressive
to become cool or cooler
to provide an area or a group of people with a product or service
hard or firm ; not in the form of a liquid or gas
a person or thing that is so bad that people connected with them or it feel or should feel ashamed
using the authority of sb / sth ; as a representative of sb / sth
to fall on a surface
a group of people travelling together in a coach
a piece of paper that you pay for and that sb can exchange for sth in a shop / store
to stop so that sb can get out of a car , etc ; to deliver sth on the way to somewhere else
interested in and concerned about the ecology of a place
a way of escaping from a difficult situation
by accident ; without intending to
a greater interest in or desire for sb / sth than sb / sth else
a trip to see or hunt wild animals , especially in east or southern Africa
to praise sb / sth very much
a soft substance that becomes hard when dry and is used for sticking things together or filling in holes
operating the controls of an aircraft
to be worth the amount of time or money that is being spent
a feeling of hatred for sb that causes a desire to harm them
the ideas of a particular person or group , especially about politics , religion or society , that are taught to other people
with one side facing sth
to suffer from an illness or a disease
able to be survived
having the name and address of a person , an organization , etc. printed at the top
to have a desire or a wish for sth
critical in a direct and rather cruel way
excellent ; very good
to put or fix sth somewhere
to disagree strongly with sb 's plan , policy , etc. and try to change it or prevent it from succeeding
a way of referring to the US President and the part of the government that is controlled by the President
to copy the way sb speaks , moves , behaves , etc , especially in order to make other people laugh
that you cannot control or prevent
a particular area of activity
to officially say that a decision made by a court is no longer valid or correct
to make sth neater , smaller , better , etc , by cutting parts from it
the part of a computer that reads and stores information on disks or tapes
a system by which time is divided into fixed periods , showing the beginning and end of a year
to provide enough space for sb / sth
to go away to a place , especially to escape from danger
a thing that is liked better or best
without cloud or mist
the chemical processes in living things that change food , etc. into energy and materials for growth
including many things or different types of thing
to make an official or legal judgement
a medical examination using X-rays
quite good rather than very good
a cloth or leather covering for the leg between the knee and the ankle . Gaiters were worn by men in the past and are now mainly worn by people who go walking or climbing .
to give a bath to sb
used to describe the relationship between father and child that continues in a family with each generation , or sth that is based on this relationship
long thick thread made from animal 's wool , used for knitting
resting on the surface of sb / sth and partly or completely covering them / it
to appear suddenly and / or in a way that cannot be explained
of or on the surface of sth
the fact of having a place to live or stay , considered as a basic human need
the title given to some Muslim rulers
the bottom surface of a vehicle
north-east ; north-eastern
to remember sth
a black and yellow flying insect that can sting . Bees live in large groups and make honey ( = a sweet sticky substance that is good to eat ) .
goods of a particular kind or for a particular purpose
blame for sth bad that has happened
to refuse to buy , use or take part in sth as a way of protesting
used to emphasize that an action takes place completely
very difficult and tiring , needing great effort for a long time
to help sb / sth to develop and be successful
having a weak character ; not behaving in a responsible way
the ability to understand another person 's feelings , experience , etc .
physical or mental activity that you do to stay healthy or become stronger
to make an aircraft fall out of the sky
giving only the information that is necessary and important , using few words
to hope or watch for sth to happen , especially for a long time
used with nouns to say that sb is doing st h , performing an action , etc .
to jump into sth , especially with force
a substance obtained from the beans of a tropical plant , also called vanilla , used to give flavour to sweet foods , for example ice cream
a long piece of strong cloth with a pole on each side , used for carrying sb who is sick or injured and who cannot walk
done by a particular person rather than by sb who is acting for them
a formal meeting with an important person
having a sensible and realistic attitude to life
to be of the right size , type or number to go somewhere
so strong or important that it takes up all your time and energy
to send a short letter to sb
a type of light music for four parts sung by men , without instruments
showing the whole of sb 's face ; not in profile
an unpleasant smell
a person who likes a particular activity
to make sure that things happen to sb 's advantage
the root of the ginger plant used in cooking as a spice
an area of trees , smaller than a forest
when the seed of a plant germinates or is germinated , it starts to grow
a person who buys or uses a particular product or service
if a car horn honks or you honk or honk the horn , the horn makes a loud noise
an act of stepping once when walking or running ; the distance travelled when doing this
the ability to read and write
in the number of rows mentioned , one behind the other
used to talk or ask about how well sb is doing a task
to work closely with sb and exchange information with them
helping people who are poor or in need
that sb has been wanting or hoping for very much
not willin g or able to trust sb / sth
in response to sth
not stretched tight
to send sth from your hand through the air by moving your hand or arm quickly
white clay which is baked and used for making delicate cups , plates , etc .
a feeling of great sadness because sth very bad has happened
payment , etc. that you should get for sth wrong that has happened to you or harm that you have suffered
to send out sth such as light , heat , sound , gas , etc .
often used after as or what , where , etc. to mean ‘ to want ’ , ‘ to choose ’ or ‘ to like ’ to do sth
to agree to give sb / yourself sth by voting
to make a connection between people or things in your mind
not needed ; more than is needed
a performer or group of musicians
most ; to the greatest extent
dishonest language or behaviour that is intended to trick people
a basic type of food that is used a lot
to say officially that sb / sth has a particular character or name ; to describe sb / sth in a particular way
a thing that is or seems impossible
a single short increase in the amount of light , sound or electricity produced by a machine , etc .
too small or of too little value to be considered seriously
able to change quickly and easily
having enough money to buy what you want without worrying about the cost
used when the two numbers or amounts mentioned are being added together
an object with sharp teeth used for holding things together , that is held closed by a spring and that you squeeze to open
to make sth better
no longer in existence in society
used to describe sth that is n ear its end , or that happens at the end of sth
used to introduce what you are going to say or do
a television set
comments or actions that are intended to make sb / sth seem ridiculous
not one of a group of people or things ; not any
showing a lack of thought , understanding or judgement
the extent to which sth happens or has an effect
likely to be good or successful
connected with a team 's own sports ground
fairly hard ; not easy to press into a different shape
consisting of many different kinds of people or things
in addition to sth
to write a book or make a film / movie about a true story , but changing some of the details , characters , etc .
to see or show a way into or through sth
an object , a machine , etc. that you use to help you do sth
to spin or turn
to make it difficult for sb to do sth or for sth to happen
to be in a situation which is almost certain to cause a disagreement or argument
a Japanese dish of small cakes of cold cooked rice , flavoured with vinegar and served with raw fish , etc. on top
an attempt to do sth especially when it is difficult to do
not having clear or firm ideas or beliefs
the unpleasant things that you must do or experience in order to achieve sth or as a result of achieving sth
connected with a bureaucracy or bureaucrats and involving complicated official rules which may seem unnecessary
a powerful illegal drug that affects the mind in a harmful way . Heroin and cocaine are narcotics .
lonely and unhappy or without any friends
the condition of air , gas , or liquid that is kept in a small space by force
a trick you play on sb
the fact of sth interesting or pleasant happening by chance
of or in fractions
behaviour or language that insults or shows a lack of respect for God or religion
to write on an envelope , etc. the name and address of the person , company , etc. that you are sending it to by mail
to make sth clearer or easier to understand
the cells in a prison for prisoners who are waiting to be killed as punishment for a serious crime
in a way that is easy to see or hear
so closely connected with sth that the two things appear to be the same
shaking or moving in a way that is not controlled
having no teeth
giving the reasons for sth ; intended to describe how sth works or to make sth easier to understand
tending to change too often ; not staying the same
to end a romantic relationship with sb
to tell sb to go somewhere or to do sth ; to arrange for sb to go somewhere
to hit the ground ; to make the ball hit the ground
to change so that they become less pleasant or friendly than before ; to make sth do this
a film / movie , a play or a broadcast that is prepared for the public ; the act of preparing a film or a play , etc .
central ; forming the necessary basis of sth
connected with comedy ( = entertainment that is funny and that makes people laugh )
in a way that does not leave a smooth surface
to write or say sth using particular words
to appear important or threatening and likely to happen soon
to invent a story , an excuse , etc .
connected with activities that people do for enjoyment when they are not working
an arrangement for a seat on a plane or train , a room in a hotel , etc. to be kept for you
to feel sad because you can no longer see sb or do sth that you like
not leading to a definite decision or result
complete or exact
behaving in a calm and relaxed way ; giving the impression that you are not feeling any anxiety
without many people or much noise or activity
to sing or shout the same words or phrases many times
a formal social occasion to welcome sb or celebrate sth
suggesting that sth bad is going to happen in the future
using unnecessary force
criticizing sb or sth very severely
fit to live in
not in an acceptable way
so happy and excited that you cannot behave normally
the youngest member of a family or group
in a line that follows the side of sth long
to make sure that sb / sth is not harmed , injured , damaged , etc .
a sudden attack of anger or fear
a plane , bus or train that travels regularly between two places
to become or to make sb / sth more interesting or exciting
the activity of running slowly and steadily as a form of exercise
a bright yellow metal made by mixing copper and zinc ; objects made of brass
too willing to obey other people
the ability to control your behaviour or the way you live , work , etc .
showing a lack of respect for sb / sth in a way that is amusing rather than serious
very bad
containing the group of atoms C 2 H 5 , formed from ethane
to develop and improve particular qualities or skills
the taxes that must be paid to the government when goods are brought in from other countries
to force sb / sth into a place or situation that they cannot escape from , especially in order to catch them
used to show that you have a low opinion of sb / sth
especially or particularly
used to emphasize that a particular description is accurate or correct
to destroy sb 's confidence or happiness
a statement telling sb that they will be punished if they continue to behave in a particular way
to provide sth , especially a service , for people
the act of accepting a gift , an invitation , an offer , etc .
the reading of a list of names to a group of people to check who is there
continuing to exist or develop
that cannot be exhausted ( = finished ) ; very great
a form of petroleum that is used as fuel and to make parts of machines move smoothly
a person who is very interested in a particular subject
a failure to hit , catch or reach sth
showing strong negative and bitter feelings
annoyed or quite angry
having the colour of fresh snow or of milk
the art of creating an effect of depth and distance in a picture by representing people and things that are far away as being smaller than those that are nearer the front
to leave a place or travel to a place in order to take part in an activity or a sport
a set of opinions or a way of behaving that is typical of a particular type of person , attitude or social problem
to be as good as sth else or do sth to the same standard as sb else
a polite way of accepting sth that sb has offered you
a woman on her wedding day , or just before or just after it
the job or position of being a priest
designed to be used by being pulled down
to arrange or organize sth
a plant grown in warm countries for the soft white hairs around its seeds that are used to make cloth and thread
a way of sending messages and data to other people by means of computers connected together in a network
to steal things from shops / stores or buildings after a riot , fire , etc .
to put or make a frame or border around sth
an outdoor meal or party when food is cooked in this way
the lowest tone or part in music , for instruments or voices
a group consisting of one or two parents and their children
kind , polite and generous , especially to sb of a lower social position
a person who admires and is very enthusiastic about sb / sth
the way in which sb / sth is involved in an action or situation
a description of how things might happen in the future
weak and uncertain ; easily destroyed or spoilt
having knowledge that has been gained from reading books , etc .
to stop sb / sth from doing sth , especially by using physical force
a sudden sharp pain or unpleasant feeling
to agree with sb 's wishes , even if they seem unreasonable , in order to keep the person happy
an official order that limits trade , contact , etc. with a particular country , in order to make it do sth , such as obeying international law
something that is known about by only a few people and not told to others
to obtain information , knowledge etc , sometimes with difficulty and often from various different places
producing the result that is wanted or intended ; producing a successful result
very sour
annoyed or disappointed because sth has happened to upset you
remaining as the last small part of sth that used to exist
to be unable to accept a situation any longer
because you want to and you have decided , not sb else
an action or a piece of work that needs skill , strength or courage
to shine brightly with small flashes of light
a person whose job is to teach or educate people
to fall suddenly
an exciting adventure ( often one that people think is dangerous or stupid )
to give your support to a belief , policy , etc .
the part of a hospital that provides intensive care
to do sth that is not allowed by a law or rule , or to do sth that people in authority disapprove of
to move sth backwards and forwards on sth as if using a saw
the part of the week when you go to work
thick blood that has flowed from a wound , especially in a violent situation
the fact or state of being easy to see
not willing to listen to new ideas or to the opinions of others
causing sb to feel pride
of length
a mixture
higher than humans can hear
wanting to lay eggs and sit on them
to hit or push sb / sth with your knee
used as part of a name for a short street or square
to send information quickly by radio , computer , etc .
allowing a liquid or gas to pass through
very exciting
to fall or hit sth noisily
to change , or make sth change , colour or shape because of the effect of the sun , rain or wind
the job of providing houses , flats / apartments , etc. for people to live in
to stop having one state , position or direction and start having another
the degree to which sth is likely to happen
to move the parts of sth together so that it is no longer open
a detailed map of a building , town , etc .
a book that gives a list of the words of a language in alphabetical order and explains what they mean , or gives a word for them in a foreign language
the quality or state of being solid
the condition of a person 's body or mind
to support the weight of sb / sth
to produce tears from your eyes because you are unhappy or hurt
a course of study for adults in the evening
connected with a person 's race
a feeling of great love or worship
used to refer back to sth that has already been mentioned
the process of learning in a school ; the time during y our life when you go to a school
things that sb is selling , especially in the street or at a market
to throw sth somewhere using your thumb and / or fingers
to form a group of people with a shared aim , especially a union or political party
a person who is skilful at getting what they want , especially when this involves behaving in a dishonest way
a photograph that is used as a picture in a book , especially one that is printed on a separate page on high quality paper
good at making or repairing things
to repeat or give a summary of what has already been said , decided , etc .
a glass , bottle or can of ale
with a natural skill or interest in music
a unit of a spacecraft that can function independently of the main part
happening as a result of sth else
of a very low standard
not stopped or blocked by anything ; continuous and not interrupted
not willing to criticize sb / sth or to judge whether sb / sth is right or wrong
to allow sb to use sth that you own such as a house or some land in exchange for regular payments
a special activity or purpose of a person or thing
to influence people 's ideas or attitudes in a bad way
something that helps you spend less money or use less of the thing mentioned
to make the sound of a word or letter in a particular way
that is not taxed
to make sth or sb ready to be used or to do sth
only with difficulty
a connection between two things in which one thing changes as the other does
connected with your emotions , rather than reason
based on a scale ( = a series of eight notes ) in which the third note is two whole tones / steps higher than the first note
a period of being angry or impatient
to have sth available so that you can use it
happening before marriage
connected by telephone
the number of people or the amount of goods that can be carried in a plane
being a shorter form of a name or word
an opinion about sth ; sth that you think is true
the business activity of banks
to give sb a lot of things , especially things they have to carry
to be completely loyal to one person , organization , etc. or give all your time and effort to your work , an activity , etc .
all the people living together in a house or flat / apartment
a short comment on a word or passage in a book
clean ; not likely to cause health problems
showing that you believe that sb / sth is good or acceptable
a particular quality in sth , for example in sb 's voice or the atmosphere at an event
a system in which power is applied to all four wheels of a vehicle , making it easier to control ; a vehicle with this system
to wrap sth as a present for sb , especially in a shop / store
to explode ; to be destroyed by an explosion
that does not require you to live in the place where you work or study
used to refer to an area of land when you are mentioning its natural features , for example , if it is rough , flat , etc .
to think that sb / sth is good , acceptable or suitable
twice as much or as many as usual
to split or cut sth in two using sth sharp and heavy
fat , cheerful and eating and drinking a lot
friendly and generous behaviour towards guests
unable to feel or understand emotions
a large piece of equipment that is used for taking oil or gas from the ground or the bottom of the sea
to read or look at sth with great interest and enthusiasm
pleasant thoughts that make you forget about the present
the act of becoming involved in a situation or activity
covering or affecting the whole world
19
a state of great anxiety and confusion
charges , for example to be a member of a club
to give you a particular feeling or impression
the place where a river or stream starts
wrong ; based on a false idea
the act or process of providing sth , especially by sb in authority
to show sb the way to a place , often by going with them ; to show sb a place that you know well
a person who believes in or supports socialism ; a member of a political party that believes in socialism
a group of people who are similar in some way
a cheerful mood
slow to learn or understand things
the ability to think about problems and decisions in a reasonable way without exaggerating their importance
an important principle that should be followed when doing sth in order to be successful
a shellfish that can be eaten , with two flat round shells that fit together
close to , touching or hitting sb / sth
something that is a symbol of a feeling , a fact , an event , etc .
the main rhythm , or a unit of rhythm , in a piece of music , a poem , etc .
lack of knowledge and experience
to start doing sb else 's job , etc. while they do yours
giving the impression of having a particular sound
to hit sb / sth by accident
no
the abbreviation for ‘ prime minister ’
not able to be cured by a medical operation
to do sth after sth else
used at the end of a sentence to emphasize that there is nothing more to say about a subject
to see , hear , etc. sth from the other side of an object or a substance
to make sb / sth less valuable or respected
to provide sb / sth with sth
to express sth in a particular way
to identify or recognize sth
a quick way of writing using special signs or abbreviations , used especially to record what sb is saying
a piece of equipment that produces a bright light for a very short time , used for taking photographs indoors , when it is dark , etc ; the use of this when taking a photograph
not locked
that makes you pay attention to it because it is so interesting and exciting
a mass of air that is dirty and smells unpleasant
a person , thing or event that is considered to be interesting enough to be reported as news
existing or most common at a particular time
to train sb / sth to behave in a particular way or to become used to a particular situation
a tool or an instrument , often one that is quite simple and that is used outdoors
a group of people from the same place or with the same work or interests who live in a particular city or country or who live together
determined to do sth , especially sth that will harm other people
Although the word upon has the same meaning as on , it is usually used in more formal contexts or in phrases such a s
people who have a lot of money or property
a bird with a brown back and brown spots on its chest
the use of electric lights in a place
a place where people can exchange opinions and ideas on a particular issue ; a meeting organized for this purpose
the ability to understand art , music and literature and to express yourself through them
full of bitter feeling or hatred
to fly over a place
the act of joining two or more organizations or businesses into one
used in informal speech instead of as to say that sth happens in the same way
a sudden steep fall or drop ; a situation where sth suddenly becomes worse or begins to fail
not paid enough for the work you do
to become or to make sb / sth become cool or cooler
felt or done equally by two or more people
a female member of a religious group , especially a nun
a period of time that people spend apart from each other
to return to an earlier subject or situation in order to continue it
with no air or wind
used when you are emphasizing a particular description of sb / sth
a lot of sth ; a series of unpleasant things that happen over a short period of time
to wash the inside of sth to remove dirt , etc .
that you have stated and are discussing ; particular
serious and often disapproving ; expecting sb to obey you
not bright ; dull
connected with sth / sb in some way
the fact of two or more opinions , etc. being the same
a person who lives in a particular place , especially sb who has lived there a long time
to give sb a piece of work , a task , etc .
secret and not known about by many people
to express the meaning of speech or writing in a different language
to move using the power produced by steam
feeling or showing sadness or disappointment because of sth that has happened or sth that you have done or not done
a medical condition when a person suddenly becomes very ill / sick , or when sb falls because they are ill / sick or weak
to make sb feel extremely shocked , disgusted or frightened
to separate sth , using force
to flow or pour suddenly and quickly out of a hole in large amounts
a school especially for children of a particular religion
( in Britain ) a wide road , with at least two lanes in each direction , where traffic can travel fast for long distances between large towns . You can only enter and leave motorways at special junctions .
a member of the Society of Jesus , a Roman Catholic religious group
a person or an animal taking part in a race or competition that is not expected to win
a long walk in the country
a force that pulls things towards each other
a spoken or written request to sb to do sth or to go somewhere
the amount of space that is left between things , especially between the words or lines printed on a page
to catch or tear sth on sth rough or sharp ; to become caught or torn in this way
to provide money for sth , usually sth official
the important or interesting part of sth
soon
a tall tropical plant that is a member of the grass family and has hard hollow stems that are used for making furniture , poles , etc .
to tell sb that you like or admire sth they have done , their appearance , etc .
behaving in a way that other people think is polite or correct
to add sth , especially a feeling or quality , to sth else so that it seems to cover it
a substance that is used to give colour to sth
if two teams are square , they have the same number of points
used with uncountable nouns or plural countable nouns to mean ‘ an amount of ’ or ‘ a number of ’ , when the amount or number is not given
used when you are explaining sth , or giving a reason
the 6th highest mark / grade that a student can get for a piece of work , showing that it is very bad and the student has failed
let us
the yellow seeds of a type of maize ( corn ) plant , also called sweetcorn , which grow on thick stems and are cooked and eaten as a vegetable
a place where sth can be fastened to sth else
any sharp pain in your body or mind
not expressing sexual feelings
to put sb , especially a soldier , in a particular place so that they can guard a building or area
not typical of sb / sth ; not known to sb / sth and therefore seeming strange
given a number showing that they are one of the best players in a particular competition
to breathe air in through the nose in order to discover or enjoy the smell of sth
to drink all of sth with great enjoyment
the belief that particular events happen in a way that cannot be explained by reason or science ; the belief that particular events bring good or bad luck
not receiving medical treatment
logical and well organized ; easy to understand and clear
connected with the west part of the world , especially Europe and N America
used for making requests or giving instructions
to make a copy of a letter , document , etc. by using Xerox or a similar process
used to say that sth is very good
a decision made by the umpire
likely to cause disagreement between people
something that is good or helpful
( in writing ) paragraph
cruel and disgusting ; of or like a beast
to knock or push sb / sth roughly from side to side
the high standard that you expect from a person who is well trained in a particular job
willing to talk and give information to other people
the amount contained in a bowl
in a way that is handy ( = convenient )
any structure that forms a hard outer frame
attractive without being very beautiful
the activity of riding on a sledge
working hard ; busy
a copy of a film / movie , programme , etc. that is recorded on videotape
to try to bite sb / sth
water supplied through pipes to taps / faucets in a building
to stop doing sth , especially before it is finished ; to stop having sth
a girl or young woman who expects other people to do what she wants
the act of ejaculating ; the moment when sperm comes out of a man 's penis
used to say ‘ yes ’
a force that causes bad things to happen ; morally bad behaviour
many ; of many different types
exactly at the correct time or at the time mentioned
of bad quality ; wrong or useless
to make sth cleaner , cooler , newer or more pleasant
suitable for people to live in
to be the parts that together form sth
to be included with or as part of sth
to be at the top of a list of names or at the front of a line of people
to move to or from a particular place or in a particular direction , sometimes with difficulty ; to make sb / sth do this
to take air into your lungs and send it out again through your nose or mouth
to pick or cut and collect crops to be stored
acting or done in a secret or dishonest way , often intending to trick people
used when you are talking about sth that happens in a typical way or about a situation that cannot be changed
red ; with a red face
the act of placing a fence or wall around a piece of land
a person suffering from mania
that you can shape , spread , dig , etc .
used to suggest that sth is unlikely or unreasonable or that sb is silly for saying or doing sth
to get an image of an object , a part of sb 's body , etc. on a computer by passing X-rays , ultrasound waves or electromagnetic waves over it in a special machine
containing worms
a large amount of sth
old-fashioned and no longer useful
having a low rank or social position
not quite
men of a particular family or community
located towards the coast , on low ground or towards the south of an area
to exchange positions , places , etc. with sb else , so that you have what they have , and they have what you have
produced using only shades of grey , not colour
the continuous production or supply of sth
to make sb lose confidence or hope
the first or original version of an agreement , especially a treaty between countries , etc ; an extra part added to an agreement or treaty
to manage to get sth
old people
a smooth curving movement
to gradually become or make sth become weaker until it disappears
a drug that makes sb go to sleep or makes them feel calm and relaxed
a place with a flat open area in the middle and seats around it where people can watch sports and entertainment
that gives you pleasure or satisfaction
the process of helping to cure sb who has a problem with drugs or alcohol
to close sth with a knot ; to be closed or fastened with a knot
of what or which
a stupid mistake , especially in what sb says or writes
of very bad quality
quiet ; not as loud as usual
a type of soft thick cloth made from wool or hair that has been pressed tightly together
not covering the toes
to imagine what a situation will be like in the future , especially a situation you intend to work towards
used to express surprise or shock
to order sb not to do sth ; to order that sth must not be done
in a way that has a particular meaning
actual or true , rather than what appears to be true
to become familiar with sth ; to learn sth
that is going to happen very soon
the act of making parts of sth , groups of people , etc. work together in an efficient and organized way
physical substance in general that everything in the world consists of ; not mind or spirit
a belief that is accepted as a reason for acting or thinking in a particular way
light produced from burning gas
to fit equipment somewhere , sometimes secretly
of low rank ; involving people of junior rank
an argument that is complicated and continues over a long period of time
the force of the atmosphere on the earth 's surface
an introduction to a book or a written document ; an introduction to sth you say
to drop sth into sth , especially a liquid , so that it makes a plop
to put sb in prison
the process of a liquid , gas or other substance being taken in
to identify the order in which a set of genes or parts of molecules are arranged
to feed a baby with milk from the breast
to ma ke a general statement about sth and not look at the details
to become or make sth fixed and unable to change
the act or habit of praying
happening or existing in all parts of a particular country
connected with cows
used after a verb to show that sb tries to do sth , or partly does sth , but does not succeed or complete it
the aim or purpose of sth
causing sb to be in a worse situation compared to other people
the structure that covers or forms the top of a building or vehicle
the point where two subjects , systems , etc. meet and affect each other
( in Britain ) one of the periods of time when universities or courts of law are closed ; ( in the US ) one of the periods of time when schools , colleges , universities or courts of law are closed
used to tell a group of people to raise one hand in the air if they know the answer to a question , etc .
to throw a set of three or more objects such as balls into the air and catch and throw them again quickly , one at a time
if sth is at a premium , there is little of it available and it is difficult to get
to lose control and stop functioning correctly
to arrange objects neatly in a pile ; to be arranged in this way
having a voice of the type mentioned
to give a particular impression of sb / sth
the point that is at an equal distance between the beginning and the end of sth ; the point that is at an equal distance between two things
able to be used as a typical example of sth
a small metal object that is fired from a gun
to make a long , high sound
to cook food , especially fish , gently in a small amount of liquid
a difficult walk up a steep hill
used about sth that causes difficulties or problems
work that you do , or sth that you have made , especially using your artistic skill
to take part in a race
not sleeping ; unable to sleep
to attack sb
facing the land ; away from the sea
very good , enjoyable , etc .
in a dull way with very little intere st or emotion
the basic rules on which sth is based
tending to be in favour of one person or thing in a way that may be unfair to others
connected with a government minister or ministers
open refusal to obey sb / sth
used to say that sth does / did not fit into a particular place or space
loud , sudden and often high in tone
a piece of a machine or structure
shiny like silver ; having the colour of silver
cheerful and lively
to say that you will cause trouble , hurt sb , etc. if you do not get what you want
to wash sth with clean water only , not using soap
showing by your behaviour that you think you are better than others
to shake violently
a particular time when sth happens
having qualities that deserve your respect , attention or admiration
a person who is harmed or tricked by sb , especially for dishonest purposes
to look at a lot of things in a shop / store rather than looking for one particular thing
to do sth that is against your principles or does not reach standards that you have set
a department of a college or university that te aches a particular subject
having a lot of written evidence to prove , support or explain it
in the part of a theatre where the actors and artists get ready and wait to perform
used when you are surprised , pleased or impressed by sth
to mark a road , place , etc. with signposts
extremely
a person who is paid to shoot sb
the action of keeping liquid , heat , etc. inside sth rather than letting it escape
including a great variety of people or things
taking place separately from the main meeting with a smaller number of people
a thin , fast stream of liquid that comes out of a small opening
not polite or friendly
a title for a police officer
the meeting together of a group of people for a particular purpose ; a group of people who meet together for a particular purpose
connected with the outer edge of a particular area
used with adjectives to show how well sb does sth
a person who is very good at sth
to shake because you are very frightened or nervous
to make sth fall down , open , etc. by hitting it hard
a meal that is prepared in a pot like this
connected with the punishment of people who break rules
not clear
the protection of the natural environment
a thing that is done regularly ; a habit or a custom
a brother or sister
tablespoonful
words that you say to God giving thanks or asking for help
that is not affected by weather ; that protects sb / sth from wind and rain
a state of mind or a situation in which things do not seem real or part of normal life
a situation or a person that you find very funny
to say words for sb else to write down
not suitable for a particular situation
having a val ue in money , etc .
imagining that sth is real , or that yo u are sb else , for example in a child 's game
the intention , aim or function of sth ; the thing that sth is supposed to achieve
the state of having control of the ball
a series of medical treatments , pills , etc .
to hurt or injure sb or to damage sth
like powder ; covered with powder
a way of behaving that shows that you think you have done sth very well and are pleased with yourself
a person who objects to sth
to block a road , path , etc. so that nobody can pass
not directly controlled by or connected to a computer or to the Internet
a game played by two teams of 11 players , using a round ball which players kick up and down the playing field . Teams try to kick the ball into the other team 's goal .
to help a customer or sell them sth in a shop / store
to organize a complicated plan or event very carefully or secretly
the floor at the bottom of a fireplace ( = the space for a fire in the wall of a room ) ; the area in front of this
a hollow place in a hard surface , usually caused by sth hitting it
the beginning of a feeling or a development which continues to grow
used to mention a particular thing , person or group without giving any more details about it or them
a crime , especially stealing
used at the beginning of a sentence to show a change from joking to being more serious
used in South Africa to describe the process of making institutions and organizations more democratic
a system for organizing the knowledge about a particular subject , especially one concerned with aspects of human behaviour or society
a large amount of a light material pressed tightly together and tied up
having the type or shape of mouth mentioned
a door , gate , passage , etc. used for entering a room , building or place
happening suddenly or quickly
connected with the team th at has control of the ball ; connected with the act of scoring points
great strength , energy or power
the last parts of sth
to make sth gradually stop functioning or become smaller in size or number
connected with or formed from the sand , stones , mud , etc. that settle at the bottom of lakes , etc .
used when you are talking about whether you can see sth or whether sth can be seen in a particular situation
having the type or number of eyes mentioned
involved in a war
to fit in with particular people , ideas , etc .
continued
a kind person
a group of people who are working for a government or an international organization on an important project
the parts of a building that are made of stone
used to agree with sb , and to add more information that should be thought about
to suggest an idea , a theory , or a plan for other people to discuss
a person whose job is to visit schools , factories , etc. to check that rules are being obeyed and that standards are acceptable
very impressive
a round ball of liquid , containing air , produced by soap and water
ordinary people who are not members of a particular group or organization
a place where sth has happened or that is used for sth
a situation in which sth changes from bad to good
in a strong or definite way
depending only on sb 's academic ability , without considering their ability to pay for it
an idea of what sth is like
to cause you trouble for a long time
the part of a country 's armed forces that fights using aircraft
a very short period of time
to be useful or pleasant in a particular situation
the act of picking blackberries
impossible to change or persuade
not doing business on a very large scale
to show sth using a particular mark or sign
used with uncountable nouns , especially in negative sentences to mean ‘ a large amount of sth ’ , or after ‘ how ’ to ask about the amount of sth . It is also used with ‘ as ’ , ‘ so ’ and ‘ too ’ .
a decrease in size , number , rate or level
to make beer
a work of art consisting of a naked human figure ; a naked human figure in art
to cause sth to happen or be done
an alcoholic drink , especially beer
an official in a political party who is responsible for making sure that party members attend and vote in important government debates
without payment
the fair treatment of people
to force sb to accept sb / sth that they do not want
a pers on who has changed their religion , beliefs or opinions
connected with the body 's nerves and often affecting you mentally or emotionally
rude or socially unacceptable
to become fully grown or developed
to make a difficult subject easier to understand for ordinary people
the process by which a liquid flows slowly and in small quantities through sth ; the result of this process
having the number or type of legs mentioned
at / from the beginning of sth
a long distance
to give sth as a gift
a piece of equipment that is used for making strong alcoholic drinks
a clear difference or contrast especially between people or things that are similar or related
a small room or a space in a wall with a door that reaches the floor , used for storing things
to make a book , play , etc. shorter by leaving parts out
an upward path or slope
to do or be sth by chance
a situation which causes problems for sb
to understand sth fully
the leaves of a plant that is gro wn mainly for its root
to make sb behave in a particular way
a piece of business that is done between people , especially an act of buying or selling
thick or wide
the abbreviation for ‘ liberation ’ ( used in the names of organizations demanding greater freedom , equal rights , etc . )
to think wrongly that sb / sth is sb / sth else
to cover sth with a thick layer of sth
the quality of sth that people and animals sense through their noses
usual
the amount of work done by a company , etc ; the rate or quality of this work
having a strong desire for sth
to record a new version of a song that was originally recorded by another band or singer
not heard clearly because sth is in the way that stops the sound from travelling easily
used to emphasize how strong , powerful , etc. sth is
an alphabetical list of the words used in a book , etc. showing where and how often they are used
to walk around in a way that makes other people notice you
to prevent an opponent 's shot from going in the goal
money to buy the things that you need in life
in every part of a place , group of people , etc .
entertaining rather than serious and not needing much mental effort
later in time ; afterwards
the power to give orders to people
the fact of two or more things becoming one
still having a good reputation after making a mistake or doing sth that is not legal
to be destroyed by fire or an explosion
to put sth into a weapon , camera or other piece of equipment so that it can be used
important in history ; likely to be thought of as important at some time in the future
happening during the night ; for a night
a pair of glasses with dark glass in them that you wear to protect your eyes from bright light from the sun
to give birth to a baby
having the type of character or quality mentioned
to make sb remember sth or feel sth again
to use a form of transport , a road , a path , etc. to go to a place
the act of lending money
painted in a livery
to stop existing ; to be lost or stolen
nearest in relationship or rank
a feeling of admiration for sb / sth because of their good qualities or achievements
the most important town or city of a country , usually where the central government operates from
one of several parts of which sth is made
following in the order mentioned
that will last or have an effect over a long period of time
not showing a lot of clear detail
any compound containing silicon and oxygen
immoral or dishonest
connected with a particular context
an act of polishing sth
the act or process of passing sth from one person , place or thing to another
a gun that fires a shell that weighs the number of pounds mentioned
no longer successful and unlikely to succeed again in the future
having or showing a deep respect for God and religion
senator
a physical problem that makes it difficult to speak normally
steady and confident
used to talk about a very wise person
unfriendly , unpleasant or unkind
a task or project , especially one that is important and / or difficult
needing or using a lot of physical strength or mental effort
to give permission for sth ; to agree to sth
quiet and polite , often in an exaggerated way ; from , or pretending to be from , a high social class
to gain the right to a title , property , etc. when sb dies
within a large shop / store
the reflecting of sound off a wall or inside a confined space so that a noise appears to be repeated ; a sound that is reflected back in this way
to think carefully about sth before making a decision
to look like one of your parents or older relations
the way that sb looks or behaves
a word or expression that has the same or nearly the same meaning as another in the same language
a way of talking to or about a girl or woman that you think is trying to be too important
without activity ; with nobody buying or selling anything
used to show that you are very happy
an area of a town , country , etc. that sb has responsibility for in their work or another activity
a display of excitement , anger or silly behaviour over sth unimportant
to touch the side of your head with the fingers of your right hand to show respect , especially in the armed forces
to pour sth out in large quantities
enjoying being alone ; frequently spending time alone
providing a good example for people to copy
to be located in a particular place
the production or sending out of light , heat , gas , etc .
connected with the Normans ( = the people from northern Europe who defeated the English in 1066 and then ruled the country )
a book in which a bank , a business , etc. records the money it has paid and received
to hold sb / sth carefully in your arms or close to your body
in a way that is carefully planned and deliberate
used after words or phrases that refer to a place or situation to mean ‘ at , in or to which ’
having the type of character or personality mentioned
the point at which sth , especially sth bad , may begin to happen
International System ( used to describe units of measurement ; from French ‘ Système International ’ )
natural waste material that is left after sth has been used or broken up
in a way that sounds as though you are not particularly worried or interested
when it thaws or is thawing , the weather becomes warm enough to melt snow and ice
wanting to get sth very much
an expression in your eyes or face
the practice of making things seem less impressive , important , serious , etc. than they really are
to make a law , right , etc. respected or official , especially by stating it in an important written document
informal clothes or shoes
a sudden feeling of great fear that cannot be controlled and prevents you from thinking clearly
to go up mountains or climb rocks as a hobby or sport
a set of things that are fastened together like a book
a type of food or product that a restaurant or place is famous for because it is so good
an open container with a handle , used for carrying or holding liquids , sand , etc .
to pay attention to what sb is saying or to what you are doing
very big
a piece of string sewn inside the material at the top of a bag , pair of trousers / pants , etc. that can be pulled tighter in order to make the opening smaller
to make sth bad become even worse by causing further damage or problems
later than a particular time
to make sth wet
a long narrow area with walls on either side that connects one roo m or place with another
to get free ; to make sth / sb / yourself free from sth
to make an opponent feel less confident by saying or doing things that make you seem better , stronger , etc. than them
typical of or connected with the US at the time when it was still a British colony
the belief in the existence of a god or gods , and the activities that are connected with the worship of them
of the simplest kind or at the simplest level
to give sth to God
letters , words , numbers , etc. that have been printed onto paper
the number of deaths in a particular situation or period of time
the process of making air , water , soil , etc. dirty ; the state of being dirty
a dish of fish that has been fried in batter served with chips / fries , and usually bought in the place where it has been cooked and eaten at home , etc , especially in Britain
a vertical line or position
for a long time and in detail
having the colour or appearance of smoke
a point or distance at which the outline of an object is clearly seen by the eye or through a lens
the abbreviation for managing director
to stop sth that is growing or increasing from becoming too large
most popular with the public
a person whose job is to collect money from passengers on a bus or check their tickets
very good , enjoyable or exciting
used to say that you hope sb gets pleasure from sth that you are giving them or recommending to them
an unpleasant person or thing
to send sb , especially from one of the armed forces , to work in a place for a period of time
behaving in a sensible way , like an adult
a knitted piece of clothing made of wool or cotton for the upper part of the body , with long sleeves and no buttons
a complete or wide range of related qualities , ideas , etc .
used to talk to or about a person or an animal , to show how you feel about them
used to refer to sb 's life or safety when they are in a difficult situation
the most extreme possible response to a particular situation
a machine for producing a particular substance
to make a wet sucking sound
to look for sth / sb
a belief that you have been chosen by God to be a priest or nun
making you feel admiration , because they are very large , good , skilful , etc .
falling or hitting sth with a lot of force
to wake up or get up after being asleep
a supply of sth that is available to be used in the future or when it is needed
to be received or treated by sb in a particular way
busy and active
not used or cared for and in bad condition
without hope ; very depressing
connected with your job and the time you spend doing it
a person of a particular type , especially sb who is strange or unusual in some way
a statement that expresses an opinion
covered with clouds ; with a lot of clouds
a light that shines in an unsteady way
to send a letter , etc. received at the address a person used to live at to their new address
not as good as normal ; not acceptable
the highest mark / grade in a test , etc . ( when you get nothing wrong )
very brave or determined
a person who believes that their own race is better than others and should be in power
to relax after working hard or experiencing stress ; to reduce the amount of stress that you experience
to use a basic stitch in knitting
used to refer to a person , thing , etc. when you do not know their name or when you are talking in a general way
the performance of a piece of music , a role in a play , etc ; the particular way in which sth is performed
to throw sth somewhere in a careless way
to order sb to stop and say who they are or what they are doing
to push hard against sth ; to pull hard on sth
dark grey in colour
used to describe the process by which each word limits what kind of words can be used with it in normal language
used for introducing a statement that makes the main statement in a sentence seem surprising
using , between , or relating to two different languages
very dark blue in colour
to do sth for a particular purpose or in order to deal with a situation
to give sth to sb or allow them to use sth that belongs to you , which they have to return to you later
to reject or refuse sb / sth , especially in a proud way
to have sex in order to produce young
not damaged or spoiled
silly ; stupid
to say firmly that sth is true , especially when other people do not believe you
used to say that you are supposing sth to be true when you calculate sth
to put colour on sth using paint , coloured pencils , etc .
being willing to calmly accept sth unpleasant or difficult that you cannot change
a situation in which there is suddenly not enough of sth , especially money
how wide sth is or the area that sth covers
to give up sth that is important or valuable to you in order to get or do sth that seems more important for yourself or for another person
new and not always accepted by most members of society
a child who stays away from school without permission
to make sb / yourself feel unable to eat any more
a difficult thing to achieve or deal with
in a way that shows or uses abilities or qualities that a person or an animal is born wit h
great enthusiasm for sth
to have a particular expression on your face
to move steadily and continuously in one direction
having or showing the ability to see or understand things quickly , especially things that are not obvious
unable to operate because employees have stopped working as a protest
a person who is not a citizen of the country in which they live or work
a very big defeat in a game or competition
the religion of the Jewish people , based mainly on the Bible ( = the Christian Old Testament ) and the Talmud
for which a salary is paid
a collection of information stored together in a computer , under a particular name
the state of living in a particular place
the features of a problem or situation that are difficult to understand
the quality that sth has when it attracts sb 's attention or makes them want to know more about it
a sudden feeling of fear
to touch or rub sth , especially wet ink or paint , so that it is no longer clear ; to become not clear in this way
needing sb / sth in order to survive or be successful
the ability to walk easily on a moving ship and not to feel sick at sea
that can be made quickly and easily , usually by adding hot water
very surprising ; difficult to believe
having no money
the work of a dentist
showing great energy and determination
a line on the surface of sth where it has broken but not split into separate parts
on your own with nobody helping you
using a particular name
a medical condition caused by being out in very cold weather for too long without protection
having qualities that people do not see or fully understand
a region or an area
more ab le or skilled
affected by sth
something that is not usually available but is provided for a particular purpose or on one occasion
surrounding sb / sth ; on each side of sth
showing clear thought and good understanding of what is important , and the ability to express this
to make sth bad appear attractive or exciting
to delay sb
a single item of a particular type , especially one that forms part of a set
a person who is too interested in what other people are doing
very unpleasant ; causing strong dislike
an unpleasant look , smile or comment that shows you do not respect sb / sth
aggressive and determined
to move quickly and with force in a particular direction
to come together formally in order to discuss sth
to direct sb / sth towards sth ; to make or adapt sb / sth for a particular purpose
the state or process of being destroyed or severely damaged
a particular type or model of a machine or vehicle
me
to do or say sth before sb else does
behaviour , attitudes , etc. which show a fall in standards , especially moral ones , and an interest in pleasure and enjoyment rather than more serious things
a field covered in grass , used especially for hay
connected with advertising ( = promoting ) sb / sth , especially a new pop record
blowing from the north
not well known
to face in or be directed towards a particular direction
the act of punishing or harming sb in return for what they have done to you , your family or friends
( used to describe negative qualities ) extremely
a speech fault in which the sound ‘ s ’ is pronounced ‘ th ’
a way of speaking a language that uses simple words and forms , used when a person does not speak the language well , or when he or she is talking to sb who does not speak the language well
a type of literature that describes imaginary people and events , not real ones
used to say that in spite of sth being true , what follows is also true
expressing extreme pleasure or enthusiasm for sb / sth
something , especially a small amount of sth , that is mixed with sth else
to make you look attractive
a language , especially a foreign language
to make people stop believing that sth is true ; to make sth appear unlikely to be true
not yet written
extreme imp ortance and a cause for worry
a swimming stroke in which you swim on your front and lift both arms forward at the same time while your legs move up and down together
making you feel hot
to climb to the top of sth very high and steep
to feel certain that sth is true or that sb is telling you the truth
to design , make or shape sth in a particular way
to put plants , seeds , etc. in the ground to grow
too much ; very much
made pure by having other substances taken out of it
the sudden increase in the number or amount of sth ; a large number of a particular thing
given to a child by its parents before it is born
to call sb to come by pressing a buzzer
a request for a sum of money that you believe you have a right to , especially from a company , the government , etc .
a small amount of a strong alcoholic drink
to give a written promise to replace or repair a product free if it goes wrong
the act of killing yourself deliberately
that sb can pass on to other people or communicate to sb else
an official rule that says that sth is not allowed
to remove liquid from the surface of sth using a cloth
used when you are talking about sth to show that some of the details are not worth saying because they are not important or are boring or obvious
the process or result of joining two or more things together to form one
recently discovered or achieved
in the next room , house or building
the act of giving sth or allowing sth ; the act of conceding
covered with deep lines
books , articles , et c. in general
used to refer to a person or thing whose name you do not know or have forgotten , or which you do not want to mention
a person who is leaving a place
to continue sth that sb else has not finished , or that has not been mentioned for some time
a group of people working together as an organization , business , team , etc .
used with uncountable or plural nouns in negative sentences and questions , after if or whether , and after some verbs such as prevent , ban , forbid , etc. to refer to an amount or a number of sth , however large or small
not strongly expressed
a teacher who is in charge of a school
to put sb / sth somewhere in order to get rid of them / it
to move back or away from sth because you are frightened or shocked
to bend and change direction often
sticky
official permission that is given to sb before they can work somewhere , have particular information , or do sth they want to do
an insulting word for people that you strongly disapprove of
the ability to stop yourself doing or saying sth that you want to because you know it is better not to
the importance of sth , especially when this has an effect on what happens in the future
the damage caused by woodworms
an improvement in the condition or strength of sth
to believe that sth is true or correct or that you can rely on it
a special skill or ability that you have naturally or can learn
a punishment in which a prisoner is kept alone in a separate cell
the action or process of giving birth
a person that you have invited to your house or to a particular event that you are paying for
an activity , especially one that is illegal or dangerous
typical of the country or of country people ; simple
an act of going or moving past or over sth
a particular town where sb lives and works or one that has just been referred to
to a very small degree
an attempt to trick sb by making them believe that you will do sth when you really have no intention of doing it , or that you know sth when you do not , in fact , know it
to calculate an amount or the cost of sth
to spread glue on the surface of sth ; to stick two things together with glue
having been wrecked
a set of beliefs , especially one held by a particular group , that influences the way people behave
used after a yes / no question to say what will or should happen if the answer is ‘ no ’
that can be solved or cured
a situation when there is not enough of the people or things that are needed
based on feelings and emotions rather than thought and reason
speaking or using only one language
strong and angry opposition towards an idea , a plan or a situation
to warn sb about a dangerous or urgent situation
( in the US ) the head of a public health service or of a medical service in the armed forces
used to show that sb is allowed to do sth
to restore sth that is broken , damaged or torn to good condition
to make official information known to the public
to spread to every part of an object or a place
something that allows you to make progress or begin to achieve sth
closely and directly
a strong connection between people or organizations
to scratch or touch sth repeatedly with a paw
the smell that a person or an animal leaves behind and that other animals such as dogs can follow
to say in advance that sb / sth will be successful
very good , pleasant or enjoyable
in a way that is natural and plain
being talked about or felt by many people
a group of people who are chosen , usually by a larger group , to make decisions or to deal with a particular subject
into an object , an area or a substance
a person who is good at sports and physical exercise
a careful examination of a substance in order to find out what it consists of
the way a situation is now and how it is likely to develop
rude or bad-tempered
a feeling that you would like to have or to do sth
connected with the Pope
to wait , or deal with a difficult situation , with great patience
used to emphasize that sth happens at a particular time or in a particular way
a person 's social and family background
Councillor
a type of prison , often consisting of a number of buildings inside a fence , where political prisoners , etc. are kept in extremely bad conditions
with very deep colours ; impressive
something that is interesting or enjoyable that replaces sth boring , difficult or unpleasant for a short period of time
to make sth a political issue
connected with the Middle Ages ( about AD 1000 to AD 1450 )
that changes easily into a gas
to cover sb / sth with very small drops of a liquid that are forced out of a container or sent through the air
with the number of corners mentioned ; involving the number of groups mentioned
behaving in an intelligent and responsible way ; typical of what is expected of an adult
a system for talking to sb else over long distances , using wires or radio ; a machine used for this
a small drop of liquid that falls from sth
in bad condition
advanced
attractive and fashionable
liking some things and not others , especially food , in a way that other people think is unreasonable
of less than average or usual weight
a thing that sb has done successfully , especially using their own effort and skill
to send sb a message by telegram
badly dressed in clothes that have been worn a lot
a person who has been chosen to speak or vote for sb else or on behalf of a group
paid for by the person who receives the call
consisting of a number of different items that are combined into a single thing
admired and respected because it looks important and expensive
to block sth , especially light
a precious stone that has been cut and polished and is used in jewellery
a tool for cutting
the substance that looks like a mass of fine threads growing especially on the head ; one of these threads growing on the body of people and some animals
a person or thing that may cause damage , or harm sb
a list of people that an organization may contact at any time , offering a service , providing information , or asking them to do sth
in or connected with a suburb
a position in a place or an activity which you hope will lead to more power or success
medicine that your doctor has ordered for you
lacking in sth interesting to do , talk about , etc .
a thing that helps you to do your job or to achieve sth
to cut down and destroy all the trees in a place
work that has little value but is given to people to keep them busy
done with the intention of examining sth in order to find out more about it
something that causes you to feel frustrated
the way that people are divided into different social and economic groups
to give or write a description of sb / sth that gives the most important information
the horse , runner , team , etc. that is expected to win
the business of giving the public information about a particular organization or person in order to create a good impression
to remove the stone from the inside of a fruit
the piece of paper on which sb marks who they are voting for
the equipment or clothing needed for a particular activity
to show that you are very angry about sth or with sb , especially by shouting
to promise that sb has a particular quality or can be relied on to do sth
a child 's word for a mother
extremely well
to become weaker or less effective
a supply of sth that is available for use
in a great state of excitement because of a particular emotion or situation
something that you say or write which expresses an opinion , a thought , etc. about sb / sth
to attract sb sexually
important and serious
to ride a horse very fast , usually at a gallop
a person or an organization that makes a gift of money , clothes , food , etc. to a charity , etc .
a meal eaten in the middle of the day
to put two or more things together so that they form one
to change the way in which sth is organized or done
a piece of software that shows a number of images on a computer screen in a particular order
a marked section of ground either inside or outside a building , for example for a vehicle to park in , for storing things , etc .
staying the same ; not changing or able to be changed
a series of short loud sounds made when hard objects hit against each other
an important part or share in a business , plan , etc. that is important to you and that you want to be successful
the main part in a play , film / movie , etc ; the person who plays this part
a small pointed object , sometimes with feathers to help it fly , that is shot as a weapon or thrown in the game of darts
a group of dancers who work and perform ballet together
made or done in fun ; not serious
showing what you really think or feel
a way or style of walking ; the act or speed of walking rather than running
thinking deeply about sth , especially because you are sad or worried
one of the parts that the earth 's surface is divided into by imaginary lines that are parallel to the equator
the sport of catching coarse fish
to score a goal , point , etc .
happening within one small area
a tool for cutting small pieces off things
one card from the set of hearts
to exchange sth that you have bought for sth else , especially because there is sth wrong with it ; to give a customer a new item because there is sth wrong with the one they have bought
a printed form , often cut out from a newspaper , that is used to enter a competition , order goods , etc .
upset and anxious , especially because of sth bad that has happened to you in the past
an illness that affects the bronchial tubes leading to the lungs
used to describe a situation that is very strange , in which things happen that do not make any sense and are the opposite of what you would expect
using satire to criticize sb / sth
if you resume an activity , or if it resumes , it begins again or continues after an interruption
connected with the most important aspect or basic nature of sb / sth
slow or unwilling to understand sth
to rub together , or to make hard objects rub together , often producing an unpleasant noise
to often be in a particular state or behave in a particular way
joined to or connected with a profession or an organization
connected with the Olympic Games
far more than is usual or expected
first , and marking the beginning of sth important , for example the time when a new leader or parliament starts work , when a new organization is formed or when sth is used for the first time
not high ; not loud
to succeed in getting a job , etc , especially one that a lot of other people want
to obey a rule , law , etc .
an official action or decision that has happened in the past and that is seen as an example or a rule to be followed in a similar situation later
having the attitudes that were typical of society during Queen Victoria 's reign
suitable for all types of weather
a series of flashes of light produced by light hitting a shiny surface
very old people
clear or coloured liquid that you paint on your nails to make them look attractive
a very small person or thing or one that is we ak in some way
a way of holding an opponent 's head so that they cannot move
to take sb to a hospital , or other institution where they can receive special care
living on another animal or plant and getting its food from it
the act of giving sb drugs in order to make them calm or to make them sleep ; the state that results from this
a person who replaces another person in an organization , especially in their job
calm and kind ; doing things in a quiet and careful way
thinking about unpleasant things that have happened or that might happen and therefore feeling unhappy and afraid
a feeling of anxiety and worry about a situation , or about your life
a very difficult situation especially because of lack of money
to allow yourself or sb to have only a limited amount of sth or to do only a particular kind of activity
that is heard , seen or noticed but then ignored
a substance that allows electricity or heat to pass along it or through it
the space at the back of a car that you put bags , cases , etc. in
the repeated firing of guns ; the sound of guns firing
tending to break into small , thin pieces
to surround or cover sth
existing in large numbers
to carry or send water , light , etc. thr ough a passage
to stand outside somewhere such as your place of work to protest about sth or to try and persuade people to join a strike
to make sb unable to move by holding them firmly
reaching a particular state
the way you feel or think about sth at a particular time
to stop doing sth as you become older
to be damaged and separated into two or more parts , as a result of force ; to damage sth in this way
a sudden quick sharp movement
not wearing any clothes on the upper part of the body so that her breasts are not covered
that cannot be moved
the colours in the part of the sky where the sun first appears in the morning
to become healthy again ; to make sth healthy again
to press or squeeze sth together or into a smaller space ; to be pressed or squeezed in this way
in various parts of a place ; here and there
calm and confident in a way that lacks respect for other people , but makes people admire you as well as disapprove
extremely valuable or important
to ask for goods to be made or supplied ; to ask for a service to be provided
used when you are apologizing for sth
very exciting and enjoyable
to have or take sth quickly , especially because you are in a hurry
used when accepting thanks for help or a favour , or when sb says they are sorry
to send an employee to another department , office , etc. in order to do a different job for a short period of time
the work of providing food and drinks for meetings or social events
showing that you know or understand about sth that is supposed to be secret
( in paintings , etc . ) a circle of light shown around or above the head of a holy person
pleasant and easy to like
to be the main thing that influences and controls sb / sth
showing that you really mean the opposite of what you are saying ; expressing irony
earlier than sb / sth
in the best group ; of the highest standard
a road vehicle with an engine and four wheels that can carry a small number of passengers
unfair , cruel or violent treatment of sb
a place where a road leads away from another larger or more important road
the act of making sth known or public that was previously secret or private
the natural process of leaving a layer of a substance on rocks or soil ; a substance left in this way
controlled by rules or laws
clothes
the time that has gone by ; things that happened in an earlier time
if sth dates you , it shows that you are fairly old or older than the people you are with
very strong sexual desire , especially when love is not involved
honest and fair ; treating people with respect
without
to have greater military strength than sb
wearing a suit
by or to most people
having a lot of power and influence ; full of energy
one of a number of standard measurements in which clothes , shoes and other goods are made and sold
connected with human waste from the body in an unpleasant way
to turn your body with quick sharp movements and change direction often
in the way that you expect sb / sth to behave
existing , happening or made in the period after a war , especially the Second World War
a group of people who join together for a particular purpose
to shoot bullets out
to care for young children or animals until they are fully grown
definite but not expressed in an obvious way
lasting or happening over a long period
to have a short light sleep , especially during the day and usually not in bed
used to describe sth that is broad or that looks solid in shape
seeming or wanting to be very artistic or interested in the arts
to breathe noisily because you have a cold or you are crying
to treat film which has been used to take photographs with chemicals so that the pictures can be seen
to pass sth from one person to another
a mark showing a division on a scale
a feeling of very great surprise
to breathe out the air or smoke , etc. in your lungs
without doubt ; definitely
the noise made by hitting sb / sth with the flat part of your hand ; a similar noise made by sth else
found or used now
to be able to recognize sb / sth
having existed or been used for a long time
a speech or a piece of writing that discusses many different aspects of a subject
travelling towards a place rather than leaving it
the state of not being affected by the thing mentioned
to say bad things about sb / sth publicly
working in an office , rather than in a factory , etc ; connected with work in offices
a young animal of various species ( = types )
a set of clothes consisting of two matching pieces of clothing , for example a skirt and jacket or trousers / pants and a jacket
connected with managing relations between countries ( = diplomacy )
a metal bar , with a handle at each end , that you use for steering a bicycle or motorcycle
large in amount or very solid
a state of mind or mood ; an attitude
exactly the one or ones referred to or mentioned ; not different
to cause or produce sth ; to make sth appear
something that causes a person to worry and makes them unhappy
a tool with a handle and three or four sharp points ( called prongs ) , used for picking up and eating food
very polite and pleasant , but in a way that is often not very sincere
when the night closes in , it gets darker
to use a particular city , town , etc. as the main place for a business , holiday / vacation , etc .
an act of wallowing
to give sb a place to sit ; to sit down in a place
done alone ; without other people
a yellow or green fruit that is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom
doing the work of another person for a short time
to put away a document in the wrong place
information
while not present at the event being referred to
unable to operate because of fog ; unable to travel or to leave a place because of fog
a series of numbers or words arranged one under the other down a page
repeated many times in a way that is annoying
a continuous layer of bricks , stone , etc. in a wall
so frequent that you always expect it
to add letters or numbers to the beginning of a word or number
connected with organizing the work of a business or an institution
a large formal meeting or series of meetings where representatives from different groups discuss ideas , make decisions , etc .
a piece of rock from outer space that makes a bright line across the night sky as it burns up while falling through the earth 's atmosphere
decorated with a small pattern
to form sth by making a hole in sth else
energy and enthusiasm in the way you look , behave or speak
directed at dealing with sth or producing a successful result
something that is wrong or not perfect ; something that is wrong with a machine or system that stops it from working correctly
universal ( the label of a film / movie that is suitable for anyone including children )
to make a feeling , an idea , etc. stronger
having curves ; not straight
extra large ( used for sizes of things , especially clothes )
to break or crack ; to make sth break or crack
almost certainly
a sudden rough movement
used with nouns and adjectives to speak to sb directly
the impressive clothes , decorations , music , etc. and traditional customs that are part of an official occasion or ceremony
during this present period
the fact of being related to another person
carefully planned in order to achieve a particular aim
making no attempt to hide your dishonest behaviour
to repeat an idea or opinion because you agree with it
to make a loud noise
preserved in sugar
not controlled and therefore extreme
a container with a lid , handle and a spout , used for boiling water
to decide that sth cannot happen or sb / sth cannot take part in sth , before it starts
to think carefully about and accept the possibility of sth happening
not showing your feelings
used to tell sb that you are sorry for sth you have said or done
to start to go faster
having a lot of natural ability or intelligence
connected with the mouth
if you do sth in front of sb , you do it when they are there
to stay longer than the length of time you are expected or allowed to stay
an official document or ticket that shows that you have the right to enter or leave a place , to travel on a bus or train , etc .
not able to stand up straight , usually as a result of being old or ill / sick
to allow sb to use a house , room , etc. in return for regular payments
to run to the next base before another player from your team hits the ball , so that you are closer to scoring
a person who helps sb to do sth
the act of repeating sth interesting or useful that another person has written or said
the act of keeping sth in its original state or in good condition
( in measurements ) square
having a rank below a senior person and helping them in their work
an area that is important for a particular activity or political party
the state of continuing to exist for a long period of time
used to express fear or surprise
remaining strong and determined , even in a difficult or dangerous situation
an occasion in a theatre , cinema / movie theater , etc. when there are no empty seats
the facts that are known about sb / sth 's past behaviour , character , achievements , etc .
a continuous smooth movement
to make sb late or force them to do sth more slowly
having a particular type of temper
an opinion or idea that is not based on definite knowledge and is formed by guessing
the subject of study that deals with how to teach
used after a number to show that the real number or amount is more than the one mentioned
the state of not being able to decide what to do in a difficult situation
used to emphasize how large , great , unpleasant , etc. sth is
to prevent sth from being published or made known
that can be used for several different purposes
a strong , often exciting , quality
a S Asian dish or sauce made with cream or yogurt , and often almonds
without any possibility of the situation changing
done in an open way and not secretly
a person who is owned by another person and is forced to work for them
to spend time on a task that you would normally spend on sth else
exactly right
to become or to make sth greater in amount , number , value , etc .
a sale at low prices of things that a company or person owns , usually in order to pay debts
to be going to experience sth unpleasant
making you feel very unhappy or uncomfortable
to punish sb for breaking a rule in a sport or game by giving an advantage to their opponent
complicated and difficult to understand
the act of printing sth in a newspaper , report , etc. so that the public knows about it
an extremely strong desire or enthusiasm for sth , often shared by a lot of people at the same time
a message congratulating sb ( = saying that you are happy about their good luck or success )
the act of displacing sb / sth ; the process of being displaced
a thing that you must do as part of an official process , but which has little meaning and will not affect what happens
to wait or stay near a place , not doing very much
temperature
a way of referring to the poor or developing countries of Africa , Asia and Latin America , which is sometimes considered offensive
having the type of style mentioned
easily and smoothly in one movement
a situation in which there are no rules or controls and everyone acts for their own advantage
attention to or thought and care for sb / sth
a system , especially in a society or an organization , in which people are organized into different levels of importance from highest to lowest
a gas found in natural gas and petroleum and used as a fuel for cooking and heating
to begin and continue a war , a battle , etc .
to make a path or passage through sth by cutting
to open a door , container , etc .
staying or working in a place for only a short time , before moving on
to suffer the effects of what sb else does to you
a target
to tell people sth officially , especially about a decision , plans , etc .
not seen or noticed
connected with the Celts or their language
an aspect , or way of looking at or thinking about sth
the top part of a hill or wave
one of the hairs growing on the edge of the eyelids
involving hard work or a lot of effort over a short period of time in order to achieve quick results
unpleasant to look at
a description of sb / sth that gives useful information
not straight or level
the ability to spend a lot of time doing sth difficult that needs a lot of attention and effort
connected with films / movies and the film / movie industry
to be very stupid
achieving success very quickly
the expression of your thoughts or feelings , especially through activities such as writing , painting , dancing , etc .
to tell sb your ideas in order to find out what they think about them
suffering harm or being killed because of a crime , war , etc. although not directly involved in it
a shop / store that gives customers hair or beauty treatment or that sells expensive clothes
remembering sb / sth and considering them or it when you do sth
with this letter , book or document
involving very little effort or feeling and intended only as a way of showing other people that you think sb / sth is important , when really you are not sincere
to please or satisfy sb
to drive sb in a car , usually as your job
to reach a particular level
to be difficult for or unfair to sb / sth
a person who trains wild animals
something that is done to cure an illness or injury , or to make sb look and feel good
mental or emotional suffering
to officially agree to a plan , request , etc .
the action of ricocheting
difficult or unpleasant ; that you would not want to have
shining brightly with many little flashes of light
a device that warns people of a particular danger
to make sb think of sth
a feature or quality that is pleasing or attractive
the official or formal order or way of doing sth , especially in business , law or politics
having the same origin as another word or language
a thing that you remember from the past
designed for or used by people who belong to a high social class or have a lot of money
angry ; aggressive
developed by training or experience ; not existing at birth
not adjusted according to particular facts or circumstances
to make sth look more attractive by putting things on it
very strong in a way that could cause damage
relating to sth that you have or use inside a car , for example a radio or CD player
in large amounts
to change or be different according to the situation
a thing that is difficult or causes problems
connected with atoms or an atom
the bottom part of a shoe or sock , not including the heel
in danger of being harmed
a quick look
not fair or necessary
connected with the rules of grammar
full of people moving about in a busy way
the amount of work that has to be done by a particular person or organization
giving your support to an idea or a project
a thing that you give to sb , especially on a special occasion or to say thank you
a medical operation to end a pregnancy at an early stage
a type of loud popular music , developed in the 1960s , with a strong beat played on electric guitars and drums
to have sth as a result
that happened or began only a short time ago
to increase the amount of sth to the level you want or need
to bark a lot , making a high , sharp and usually irritating sound
pain or unhappiness that you feel when you have to leave a person or place that you love
to make pictures , or a picture of sth , with a pencil , pen or chalk ( but not paint )
to invite people to eat or drink with you as your guests , especially in your home
the act of taking over an official position or title ; the right to take over an official position or title , especially to become the king or queen of a country
written or printed in several different languages
to attack sb suddenly
an amount that you allow when you calculate sth , for the possibility that a number is not completely accurate
used when giving sb a thing they want or have asked for
an increase in the level or amount of sth
connected with treatment that repairs the body or a part of it
a person or an organization that invests money in sth
to go away quickly
the ability to speak
to try to make sth do more than it is able to do
if sth eludes you , you are not able to achieve it , or not able to remember or understand it
the official home of a king , queen , president , etc .
a complete set of plates , dishes , etc. that match each other
to trick sb
an order from a court that finally ends a marriage , making the two people divorced
to form or express an opinion of sb / sth
fitting loosely
the work of a doctor who treats people in the community rather than at a hospital and who is not a specialist in one particular area of medicine ; a place where a doctor like this works
to break open or apart , especially because of pressure from inside ; to make a tyre break in this way
to give sb a job
the real facts and circumstances rather than ideas or theories
skilful and quick
deserving or bringing great fame and success
a short look
the state of being forced to do sth because it is your duty , or because of a law , etc .
travelling very fast ; operating very quickly
connected with art or computer graphics
quite large in number , size or amount
an occasion when the modern Olympic games are held
done or felt for a long time and unlikely to change
not sensible or wise ; not appropriate in a particular situation
the tendency for things to happen in just the way that you do not want , and in a way that is not useful
in poor condition
very strong or painful
useful , easy or quick to do ; not causing problems
a covering of very thin transparent material worn , especially by women , to protect or hide the face , or as part of a hat , etc .
to include a particular person or thing as a special feature
made of wool ; like wool
pleasant because it suits your character
to make liquid or food come out of a container in an untidy way
to wake , or make sb wake , from sleep
to catch sb or get their attention , especially when they are unwilling
to do sth that you think it is below your social or professional position to do
a thing that sb says will happen in the future
lively and full of energy or enthusiasm
an important topic that people are discussing or arguing about
the amount contained in a bucket
that cannot be seen
the power of the mind to think in a logical way , to understand and have opinions , etc .
to speak with difficulty , repeating sounds or words and often stopping , before saying things correctly
to create parks and other areas with trees and plants in a city
a company or business
connected with a patent
to argue or complain about a small matter or an unimportant detail
with admiration or praise
( in writing ) figure
to change sth , or to be changed , into a different form
able to see ; not blind
the movement of ships , trains , aircraft , etc. along a particular route
to allow doctors to remove blood or a body organ in order to help sb who needs it
mentally and physically an adult
the state of not having enough food to eat , especially when this causes illness or death
often
alcohol or an alcoholic drink ; sth that you drink on a social occasion
the stopping of sth ; a pause in sth
if you nod , nod your head or your head nods , you move your head up and down to show agreement , understanding , etc .
a platform from which a spacecraft , etc. is sent into the sky
a small object wrapped in paper or put into a thick envelope so that it can be sent by mail , carried easily or given as a present
including or dealing with a wide range of information
not interesting or exciting ; dull
quickly or easily becoming angry
to exchange goods , property , services , etc. for other goods , etc. without using money
strong and in control
the impression that is created by a place , situation , etc ; atmosphere
not stiff or firm
the result or effect of an action or event
the organ inside the head that controls movement , thought , memory and feeling
a flight into space
to repair sth that has been damaged or broken so that it can be used again
the quality of being elegant and made to a high standard
limited or small in size or amount
short grass and the surface layer of soil that is held together by its roots ; a piece of this that has been cut from the ground and is used especially for making lawns ( = the area of grass in a garden / yard )
a member of the Society of Friends , a Christian religious group that meets without any formal ceremony and is strongly opposed to violence and war
a plant that is grown in large quantities , especially as food
a strip of colour or material on sth that is different from wh at is around it
an area of low land between hills or mountains , often with a river flowing through it ; the land that a river flows through
showing pleasure or enjoyment
to move somewhere very quietly and slowly , especially because you are ashamed or do not want to be seen
the sound that people make when they want sb to agree or reply
something that you intend to do or achieve
a fixed line against which the positions of points are measured , especially points on a graph
to reduce sth , especially sth bad , to the lowest possible level
the fifth letter i n the English alphabet
an official agreement between countries or leaders
not inside a building
a long and serious treatment or discussion of a subject in speech or writing
the ability to get or achieve sth
the act of refusing to eat for a long period of time in order to protest about sth
a person who often plays in a particular team , takes part in a particular television show , etc .
within reasonable limits
to travel regularly along a particular route or between two particular places
to publish or produce again a book , record , etc. that has not been available for some time
concerned with the ideas and principles on which a particular subject is based , rather than with practice and experiment
that you can send free because the charge has already been paid
to move or make sth move with a wide curved movement
an area of Britain , Ireland or the US that has its own government
unable to relax or express your feelings in a natural way
anything that harms sth or prevents it from being successful
used to encourage sb to continue speaking
used for making suggestions
to say that your property or rights now belong to sb else
to include or contain sth
to start to be sth
an action that is against the rules of the game
to change a law , document , statement , etc. slightly in order to correct a mistake or to improve it
connected with the relation of plants and living creatures to each other and to their environment
when it freezes , the weather is at or below 0 ° Celsius
to say sth suddenly and quickly in a loud , angry way
a person who is responsible for preventing offensive material from being published on a website
to describe a process or the development of sth
severe criticism of a person , country , etc. by a large group of people
the thick outer skin of some types of fruit
the line that goes around the edge of sth , showing its main shape but not the details
a person eating a meal , especially in a restaurant
impossible to imagine or accept
long thin creatures that live inside the bodies of humans or animals and can cause illness
the growing of plants or breeding of particular animals in order to get a particular substance or crop from them
to put sth into a box , bag , etc. to be sold or transported
a white or almost clear semi-precious stone in which changes of colour are seen , used in jewellery
to get into a comfortable position , either sitting or lying
to make sb feel very happy and excited
as soon as ; when
clothes that are usually worn by the opposite sex ( usually women 's clothes worn by men )
to avoid sth , for example being hit , by stepping to one side
a street in central London in which many private doctors have their offices where they talk to and examine patients
to make sb / sth fatter , especially an animal before killing it for food ; to become fatter
the act of changing sth , or of examining sth with the intention of changing it
to force sb to leave a job , team , place , etc .
when an insect crawls , it moves forward on its legs
the skills needed to save sb who is in water and is drowning
on the land rather than at sea
full of energy ; powerful
used to refer to the supply of electricity to a building
used to introduce the next part of a story
a lack of good judgement ; the fact of doing sth stupid ; an activity or idea that shows a lack of judgement
an hourly wage , fee , rate , etc. is the amount that you earn every hour or pay for a service every hour
to become stronger
a dry mass of very small fine pieces or grains
strange and frightening ; different from what you are used to
a gradual increase in noise ; the loudest point of a period of continuous noise
used to show a relationship between one person or thing and another
secret and dishonest
feeling very anxious or excited
without any particular reason , purpose or effort ; doing nothing
to involve sb in a difficult or complicated situation
a period of activity , especially criminal activity
producing or receiving signals , sound , etc. better in one particular direction
the ability to see ; the area that you can see from a particular position
the business of transporting goods by road or railway ; money charged for this
to divide sth into parts in order to analyse it or make it easier to do
consisting or appearing to consist of one thing only
used when admitting that sth is true before introducing another point , argument , etc .
to cover sth with concrete
if you tap your fingers , feet , etc. or they tap , you hit them gently against a table , the floor , etc , for example to the rhythm of music
to laugh very loudly
the part of a piece of clothing that covers your chest
with many straight lines that cross each other
to speak in a very high voice , especially when you are nervous or excited
to delay sb or prevent them from going somewhere
to surround or divide an area with a fence
empty
making sb feel slightly angry
big and heavy
the activity of competing with other companies to buy and sell goods , services , etc .
to take part in or become involved in an activity
the act of starting to use a computer system , usually by typing a name or word that you choose to use
late in paying money or completing work
cold and unpleasant
to secretly plan with other people to do sth illegal or harmful
having the type of body mentioned
involving personal legal matters and not criminal law
to look at sb / sth in a careful way for a long time
small but attractive and fashionable
a policy or plan of action that is weak and does not do enough
a small oval object with a thin hard shell produced by a female bird and containing a young bird ; a similar object produced by a female fish , insect , etc .
to fix your face into a firm expression
to stay away from sth
to make a hollow place in a hard surface , usually by hitting it
every time that
the act or ceremony of burying a dead body
to form or make sth form into a curved shape
sleep ; a time when sb is asleep
long ago
to allow rules , laws , etc. to become less strict
a word or expression in a language that is a translation of a word or expression in another language
to make a formal statement to sb in authority to make your opinions known or to protest
a person who supports an idea , theory , etc. and persuades others that it is good
to pretend to be , or to make sb / sth seem to be , good or important when they are not
( in the Republic of South Africa under the apartheid system in the past ) one of the areas with some self-government that were intended for a group of black African people to live in
producing the result that was wanted or intended
a food mixture that is cooked in a round flat shape
a small sudden , quick movement or hit , for example with a whip or part of the body
nervous or embarrassed about meeting and speaking to other people
a chemical substance in petrol / gas , used as a way of measuring its quality
a person who was born in , or is a citizen of , the same country as sb else
a desire to protect and help sb / sth
military vehicles used in war
the highest level of university degree at British universities
natural materials from living or recently dead plants , trees and animals , used as fuel and in industrial production , especially in the generation of electricity
the abbreviation for ‘ National Health Service ’ ( the public health service in Britain that provides medical treatment and is paid for by taxes )
the form or structure of a person or animal 's body
causing sounds to continue for a long time
hello
only ; completely
to produce letters , pictures , etc. on paper using a machine that puts ink on the surface
the treatment of a physical problem or an illness
a man who rides a horse and whose job is to take care of cattle in the western parts of the US
a sum of money that is paid into a bank account
violent pains , especially at the moment of death
to have a strong desire to achieve or to become sth
not less than ; rather more than
the contents of a cup
a round stick of wax with a piece of string ( called a wick ) through the middle which is lit to give light as it burns
moral and social behaviour that is considered to be correct and acceptable
sounds that are arranged in a way that is pleasant or exciting to listen to . People sing music or play it on instruments
the ability or opportunity to do sth
a yellowish-brown colour
the state when sth is almost boiling
to remove information , sound , images , etc. from a computer , tape or video
a person who gets enjoyment from doing strange and cruel things
having the form and size used at the beginning of a sentence or a name
from which sth originally comes
having doubts that a claim or statement is true or that sth will happen
not limited to one part or aspect of a person or thing
used with verbs to mean ‘ a great amount ’
to contact sb by sending a message to their pager
to develop a natural ability or quality so that it improves
to hit a golf ball into the hole
part of a place , town , etc , or a region of a country or the world
a competition in which people try to win sth
not having a meaning that is easy to understand
a house or flat / apartment , etc , when you think of it as property that can be bought and sold
to sell goods or services at a lower price than your competitors
the ability to operate a machine from a distance using radio or electrical signals
enthusiastic about an activity or idea , etc .
to prepare or adjust sth so that it is suitable for a particular situation
to give sth to sb or do sth for them in return for sth that they have done for you
to talk too proudly about sth you have achieved , especially when sb else has been unsuccessful
weak and / or pale
flat and level ; going across and parallel to the ground rather than going up and down
protection from rain , danger or attack
not based on reason or fact
attractive and of good quality and showing that the person who chose them can recognize good things
on one occasion only ; one time
power or influence over sb
to crash into the side of sth
to make sth larger , softer and rounder
not taking part in sth ; not connected with sb / sth , especially on an emotional level
the destruction of the world
to state officially in a religious ceremony that sb is now a priest , etc .
the act of wasting money or spending money until there is none left
to be successful in sth
a ball of air or gas in a liquid , or a ball of air inside a solid substance such as glass
something that can be measured and used as a standard that other things can be compared with
a piece of clothing for a woman or girl that hangs from the waist
to produce a substance
to make use of all sb 's skill , intelligence , etc .
ill / sick or pale
again
not having been decided
a young person who is helped in their career and personal development by a more experienced person
being or happening at the end of a series of events , actions , statements , etc .
to find out what sb has done or where they have been
to share food or drink between a number of people
an old British coin , the shilling , worth 12 old pence
protection that an insurance company provides by promising to pay you money if a particular event happens
making you feel surprise or admiration
coins or paper notes
not friendly
to hold wages , prices , etc. at a fixed level for a period of time
having a smaller distance between opposite sides or surfaces than other similar objects or than normal
annoying or difficult to deal with
a roll of dried tobacco leaves that people smoke , like a cigarette but bigger and without paper around it
nearly ; very close to
the period or position of being prime minister
a short quotation or saying in a foreign language
to attack sb violently , especially when this is a crime
to put sth in the place where it is kept because you have finished using it
sth that you are certain about or that you know will happen ; sb who is sure to do sth
before
the things that a person owns
a piece of equipment made of wire or long straight pieces of metal for receiving or sending radio and television signals
a person or thing that helps you when you are suffering , worried or unhappy
complete and enthusiastic
to fall down or fall in suddenly , often after breaking apart
sensible and realistic
any ship
a very strong feeling
fully recovered after an illness ; in good health again
to unite people or things into a strong and effective group
unfair ; treating sb or one group of people worse than others
to use official authority to demand and collect a payment , tax , etc .
to breathe quickly with short breaths , usually with your mouth open , because you have been doing some physical exercise , or because it is very hot
a thin piece of wood that has fallen or been broken from a tree
a level of quality that is normal or acceptable for a particular person or in a particular situation
the fact of a series of events being repeated many times , always in the same order
a large crowd of people
in a way that shows that you are aware of what you are doing
a group of related animals or plants
used for talking about or predicting the future
not in the correct place
a title that comes before a woman 's family name or before her first and family names together , and that can be used when you do not want to state whether she is married or not
connected with or caused by trauma
having the way of thinking , the attitude or the type of character mentioned
a Hindu religious teacher
before the time expected or arranged ; before the natural time
a thin layer of minerals or metal contained in rock
century
the amount contained in a sack
a quantity that has both size and direction
a short period of running , swimming , etc. very fast
a person or thing that helps sb
the process of closing a company , selling what it owns and paying its debts
worn or used a lot or for a long time
the act of adding sth to sth else
the ability to digest food
to point or direct a weapon , a shot , a kick , etc. at sb / sth
not willing to give or share things , especially money
an act of sth stopping or being interrupted
cold , in an unpleasant way
a load of goods that are sent from one place to another
a group of people involved in a particular job or activity
used when talking about sth disappearing suddenly
to sell insurance to sb for sth
however ; on the other hand
in or towards the centre of a city , especially its main business area
to get as much advantage or profit as possible from sth that you have
to make a cut or mark on a surface
a product that has been sold in the amounts or way mentioned
a large organized group of soldiers who are trained to fight on land
the way in which a business or an activity is organized and managed
a team of eleven players for football ( soccer ) , cricket or hockey
to say how many points you expect to win
to ask for money from the government or a company because you have a right to it
alive now
official documents that prove your identity , give you permission to do sth , etc .
to make lines in the skin ; to develop lines in the skin
to eat sth very quickly
not intended to offend or upset anyone
easy to see or understand
continuously active and moving around
an act of swimming in the sea , a river , etc .
to fasten the pages of a book together and put them inside a cover
into pieces ; apart
ready or pleased to help and not needing to be persuaded ; done or given in an enthusiastic way
a series of sharp sounds
similar to sb / sth
the process of understanding more about yourself in order to make yourself happier
a period of boiling ; the point at which liquid boils
a glass of martini
to show a particular level of skill , determination , etc. in a fight or contest
to kick or hit a ball very hard
used to ask or talk about the success or progress of sb / sth
a situation in which people are very busy and there is a lot of activity
a sports match for which the teams or players are chosen in a draw
television
an official position as a member of a parliament , council , committee , etc .
able to move or travel around easily
close together and facing in the same direction
to make liquid flow
not containing much of a particular substance especially radioactivity
to spend money on sth in order to make it better or more successful
making you feel uncomfortable because the person seems to know what you are thinking
more or worse than usual in amount , degree , etc .
a person whose religion is Hinduism
having or causing problems or difficulties
to disappear , especially by gradually becoming less and less
a male person or animal that has already been mentioned or is easily identified
a small , usually cheap , restaurant
done without hurrying
believing that people only do things to help themselves rather than for good or honest reasons
to frighten sb in order to make them obey you
to start an activity , especially an organized one
not developed or changed in any way ; left in its original condition
this day
involving people of the same sex
next to or at the side of sth
a change , especially in the amount or level of sth
a mixture of different substances , usually ones that do not mix together well
sticking out from sth
a long narrow part of an object or a piece of machinery , especially one that moves
the most basic and important aspects or parts of sth
to get used to a new situation by changing the way you behave and / or think
to begin to move in a particular direction
to twist hair into a particular shape
to give sb information about sth so that they are prepared to deal with it
the sound made by a bird or an animal
the expression or discussion of opinions in front of a group of people
sad or depressed
to make sb / sth go from one level , situation , etc. to another
a large group of people or things of the same kind
to give sb more than is good for them
a person who has experience of many different parts of the world
a place where liquid , air , etc. enters a machine
to be a member of a club , an organization , etc .
to deal with sb who is violent or threatening you
a performance or an event that is very impressive and exciting to look at
secret information that sb gives , for example to the police , to warn them about an illegal activity that is going to happen
to be very worried or frightened
consisting of only a few parts ; not complicated in structure
to make sb / sth move in a particular direction or way
to add more information or details to a plan , an argument , etc .
to have to deal with sth difficult or unpleasant in order to achieve sth
in a very bad condition ; destroyed
most valuable player ( the best player in a team )
a space or an area for leaving vehicles
a thing , an idea or a set of facts that can be used to begin a discussion or process
always
the liquid in the stomach that helps you to digest food
to make sb do sth more quickly
one of the long parts that connect the feet to the rest of the body
a list of people 's names and the jobs that they have to do at a particular time
to move slowly over every part of sb / sth
used to show that a measurement is the volume of sth , that is the height multiplied by the length and the width
hard and cruel ; determined to get what you want and not caring if you hurt other people
a meal that you buy at this type of restaurant
the side of a vehicle that is furthest from the edge of the road
two or more letters , usually the first letters of sb 's names , that are combined in a design and marked on items of clothing , etc. that they own
an official occasion when guns are fired into the air to show respect for an important person
a thing that is very highly valued
a fixed period of time after which a law or the effect of a law will end
a sudden change in the direction that sth is moving in , usually after it has hit sth ; the act of causing sth to change direction
the remaining part of sth
a woman 's female friend
a situation in which sth is prevented from happening for a short time
not successful ; failed
to be quiet ; to stop talking or crying
thin so that you can see the muscles
coming from or happening in a different place
to hang clothes , materials , etc. loosely on sb / sth
to make sb / sth come somewhere or take part in sth
a section of a wide road , that is marked by painted white lines , to keep lines of traffic separate
the amount by which sth slopes
curving suddenly rather than gradually
in good condition so that it can be legally driven
a natural flow of water that continues in a long line across land to the sea / ocean
to succeed in getting or achieving sth , sometimes in a slightly dishonest way
to obtain , or supply sb with , new or better weapons , armies , etc .
a person , team , etc. that has won a competition , especially in a sport
to order sb not to do sth , go somewhere , etc , especially officially
very large or very great ; too great to calculate
further forward in space or time than sb / sth ; in front of sb / sth
to make sb / sth stop speaking or making a noise
a liquid that you put on your skin in order to make yourself smell nice
to put a notice , etc. in a public place so that people can see it
a chance to score a goal or point without any defending players , except the goalkeeper , trying to stop it ; the goal or point that is given if it is successful . This chance is given because the other team has broken the rules .
to stop a possibly dangerous or difficult situation from developing , especially by making people less angry or nervous
to make it obvious that you are annoyed about sth without doing anything to change the situation
encouraging close , friendly relationships , sometimes of a sexual nature
extremely good or extremely large
a name that sb uses that is not their real name
to be no longer valid because the period of time that it lasts has come to an end
to say that you have done sth wrong or illegal
the degree to which a star is bright
a person who speaks on behalf of a group or an organization
a period of time that seems to be very long or to never end
total control of sth
a person or thing that is suitable for a particular job , purpose , etc. and might be chosen
moving slowly
a thing that is caused or produced because of sth else
to defeat a person or a team so that they no longer take part in a competition , etc .
to cover sth / sb in material , for example in order to protect it / them
the profession or business of preparing and printing books , magazines , CD-ROMs , etc. and selling or making them available to the public
having or showing power or authority
being a modern version of a person or thing in the past
not offensive or referring to sex ; not doing anything that is considered immoral or bad
to move from one job , school , situation , etc. to another ; to arrange for sb to move
the pleasant feeling that you have when you have a friendly relationship with sb and are not alone
slight ; not important
not suitable for building or growing things on and therefore not used
liking to drink a lot of alcohol ; involving a lot of alcoholic drink
to get control of the trade in a particular type of goods
the duties that you have and the activities that you do as part of your job
a skilled person , especially one who makes beautiful things by hand
people in general
getting closer to achieving sth
looking or feeling like satin
completely full of people or things
a scene in a film / movie that is filmed continuously by one camera
to be at an angle so that it is higher at one end than the ot her
to twist things together over and under each other ; to be twisted together in this way
( of a machine or product ) to perform well / badly in a test of how well it works
unacceptable and shocking
to make sb understand how important , serious , etc. sth is by emphasizing it
to hire / rent a plane , boat , etc. for your own use
a quick deep breath , usually caused by a strong emotion
a particular set or system of beliefs resulting from the search for knowledge about life and the universe
the length of time that sth is likely to live , continue or function
suitable for use in a hot oven
a deep sound that an animal makes when it is angry and shows its teeth
the 8th month of the year , between July and September
having a particular characteristic or opinion very strongly
to achieve sth important that you very much want to do
different and unusual ; intended to be amusing and to catch people 's attention
military supplies and materials
to face a situation and refuse to run away
an area of grass , especially in the middle of a town or village
to put a broken bone into a fixed position and hold it there , so that it will heal ; to heal in this way
a particular aspect of sth , especially a situation or a person 's character
the special set of clothes worn by all members of an organization or a group at work , or by children at school
rich and belonging to the upper classes
having the same colour , pattern , style , etc. and therefore looking attractive together
an enthusiastic interest in sth that is shared by many people but that usually does not last very long ; a thing that people have a craze for
to guide sb with a light
a person or thing that converts sth
to be the reason why sb does sth or behaves in a particular way
enthusiastic about sb / sth
happening or done quickly and immediately ; doing sth quickly
to take care of sb very well and make them feel as comfortable as possible
to go somewhere quickly and / or for only a short time
to end
owned , controlled or paid for by the government
confused and not able to think clearly , especially because you are old
a person who works underwater , wearing a rubber suit , flippers , and special equipment to help them breathe
a public building or part of a building , with toilets in it
to bring sb / sth under control , especially by using force
a group of people who share a common feature or aspect of behaviour
to tie sb / sth with rope , string , etc. so that they cannot move or are held together firmly
giving pleasure
empty and without people , making you feel sad or frightened
the act of introducing sth such as a new law or rule , or a new tax
to make a telephone call that will be paid for by the person you are calling , not by you
very bad , with strong winds and rain
small jobs of various types
the Bible
that can produce babies , young animals , fruit or new plants
to write sth on paper , especially in order to remember or record it
a set of documents that are supplied together for a particular purpose
to give sb a sudden shock , especially so that they start to take action or deal with a situation
to eat or bite food noisily
an acceptable way of dealing with a complaint , a debt , an injury , etc .
an organization that is established to provide money for a particular purpose , for example for scientific research or charity
feelings of anger or excitement between people
to be uncomfortable and be unable to hear clearly , usually because you have heard a loud noise , etc .
a thing that is thought to be important or worth taking notice of
a statement , letter , etc. that shows that sth is true , correct or definite
to be thought of as very good or important by people in general
the sport of riding on waves while standing on a narrow board called a surfboard
to attach sth with a hinge
to say what sb / sth is like
the amount contained in a bag
used temporarily for a particular purpose because the real thing is not available
if a country or an area is industrialized or if it industrializes , industries are developed there
when you rev an engine or it revs , it runs quickly
material made by removing the hair or fur from animal skins and preserving the skins using special processes
a circle of flowers or leaves worn on the head , and used in the past as a sign of honour
to be very good at sth
a book or course for people beginning to study a subject
to get great pleasure from sth ; to want very much to do or have sth
usual or suitable for the time of year
to be part of a crew , especially on a ship
forming an angle of 90 ° exactly or approximately
something that seems to exist but in fact does not , or seems to be sth that it is not
a single shot from a gun ; a bullet for one shot
the activity of managing or operating sth
to start playing by throwing the ball into the air and hitting it
to watch and check sth over a period of time in order to see how it develops , so that you can make any necessary changes
not able to have babies or produce young
to exist from an earlier time
to exchange sth that you have for sth that sb else has
a clever plan or trick ; the act of using a clever plan or trick
something which is done with a lot of energy
based on your own sense of what is right and fair , not on legal rights or duties
when you clench your hands , teeth , etc , or when they clench , you press or squeeze them together tightly , usually showing that you are angry , determined or upset
looking like a skeleton
of or using electromagnetic waves that are just shorter than those of violet light in the spectrum and that cannot be seen
a swear word that many people find offensive , used to show that you are angry , annoyed or surprised
to make sth legally valid
the main political party that is opposed to the government ; the political parties that are in a parliament but are not part of the government
in or towards the west
the words that come just before and after a word , phrase or statement and help you to understand its meaning
water from a spring in the ground that contains mineral salts or gases
done in a way that invites people to disagree or argue with you , or shows that you disagree with them
an arrangement of flowers and leaves , especially in the shape of a circle , placed on graves , etc. as a sign of respect for sb who has died
by the ordinary people of a country
a male parent of a child or an animal ; a person who is acting as the father to a child
a mild swear word that some people use when they are annoyed , to avoid saying ‘ bloody ’
the process of giving birth to children
permission for a project , etc. to start or continue
to be suitable and good enough for sb / sth
happening or continuing without any problems
to drink alcohol , especially in larg e quantities
a problem or difficulty , especially one that is small , hidden or unexpected
the science of collecting and analysing statistics
a type of fat found , for example , in seeds and vegetable oils , which does not encourage the harmful development of cholesterol
to return to a normal state after an unpleasant or unusual experience or a period of difficulty
to put clothes on yourself / sb
mentioned in stories from ancient times
to throw away sth that you do not want
used by Christians to refer to God
to cancel or get rid of sth that is no longer practical or useful
used to tell sb to pay careful attention to sth
an attempt to hide unpleasant facts about sb / sth
not having a useful or helpful effect
pale and not looking healthy
the highest part of sth
a small opening in a wall , by which you connect a piece of electrical equipment to the main supply of electricity
to start happening , suddenly and violently
used after the name of a note to mean a note a semitone / half tone higher
to live or exist longer than sb / sth
not fully developed or grown
an official examination of business and financial records to see that they are true and correct
the quality of being honest
to say that sth is true when it may not be
to crush sth into folds ; to become crushed into folds
to move around without control ; to move your arms and legs around without control
the most serious or unpleasant thing that could happen ; the part , situation , possibility , etc. that is worse than any other
to make ideas , feelings , etc. known to sb
former
the department in a company that deals with employing and training people
used to express a strong wish for sth to happen
to bend or turn sth into a shape or position that is not normal or natural ; to be bent or turned in this way
to fasten sth tightly to sth else with ropes
brightly coloured and noticeable
to decorate or arrange sth
causing a feeling of vertigo
to take sth without permission
a measurement of the width or thickness of sth
hoping for sth , especially sth good and exciting
forming a united whole
to decorate sth with areas of bright colour , not in a regular pattern
what sb wants to happen in a particular situation
very direct ; saying exactly what you think without trying to be polite
away from the centre or a particular point
large in quantity ; worth a lot of money
to change the position or order of things ; to change your position
a feeling caused by sth happening suddenly or unexpectedly
a type of popular music with a fast strong rhythm and words which are spoken fast , not sung
not having changed a particular feeling or attitude
complicated , secret and difficult to change
to say things that are not serious or true , especially in order to make sb laugh
directly ; not at an angle
clean and free of bacteria and therefore unlikely to spread disease
written or expressed in the form of letters
not afraid to talk about or criticize sb / sth in an honest and very direct way
to say a poem , piece of literature , etc. that you have learned , especially to an audience
a chemical substance produced in the body that controls the amount of sugar in the blood ( by influencing the rate at which it is removed ) ; a similar artificial substance given to people whose bodies do not produce enough naturally
a sudden period of feeling an emotion such as fear
that nobody pays attention to
to agree to a request , proposal , etc .
a failure to do sth that must be done by law
used to say where sb was born or where their home is
if you boil with anger , etc. or anger , etc. boils inside you , you are very angry
the movement of water in the sea or a river ; the movement of air in a particular direction
a time when a particular situation makes it possible to do or achieve sth
during sth ; in a particular situation
to say in public that sb / sth is good or important
to bring sb / sth / yourself into danger or under suspicion , especially by acting in a way that is not very sensible
completely
used to emphasize the female subject or object of a sentence
a confined area in which animals or birds are kept as pets or on a farm
large in size , degree , amount , etc .
if people are agreed or sth is agreed , everyone has the same opinion about sth
a piece of written work done by a student
connected with a court , a judge or legal judgement
a person who chooses , or is forced to live away from his or her own country
a successful result in an exam
a small area on a computer screen that you click on to make it do sth
a person who has bee n captured , for example by an enemy , and is being kept somewhere
to sell sth that you have bought
to speak to sb in a rude way , without respect
to plan a course of action
to take control of a place , building , etc. using force
a series of documents that provide evidence of what you have done or what has happened
a person 's hair
the activity of moving equipment , supplies and people for military operations
to hit or kick sth very hard
to make a speech to an audience
a written or spoken account of an event , especially one that is published or broadcast
permission that sb gives to do sth
a small soft black fruit that grows on a bush with thorns in gardens / yards or in the countryside . The bush is also called a blackberry / bramble .
the number of deaths every year from a particular disease or in a particular group
an accepted way of behaving or of doing things in a society or a community
something that causes sb / sth to do sth or to develop and make progress
a group of performers who sing and dance in a mus ical show
not clean
if two things go hand in hand , they are closely connected and one thing causes the other
the lowest part of sth , especially the part or surface on which it rests or stands
a unit of rhythm in a line of poetry containing one stressed syllable and one or more syllables without stress . Each of the four divisions in the following line is a foot .
done or happening without thinking
to put or join sth in the right place
to believe sth that is not true
to be present in court in order to give evidence or answer a charge
too willing to accept sb else 's authority and willing to obey them without questioning anything they want you to do
to prevent sb from playing in a team , especially because of an injury
deoxyribonucleic acid ( the chemical in the cells of animals and plants that carries genetic information and is a type of nucleic acid )
to trust or have faith in sb / sth
a reason , either true or invented , that you give to explain or defend your behaviour
to mix soil with another substance by digging the two substances together
an alcoholic drink made from malt and flavoured with hops . There are many types of beer .
the permission to travel across a particular area of land
under the skin
a person who eats human flesh
that must be obeyed because it is accepted in law
a strong desire
in a way that produces a thin piece or layer of sth
a very large family , or a group of people who are connected because of a particular thing
a long loud high cry expressing pain or sadness ; a sound similar to this
a person whose job is to help a skilled worker
suitable for sth
to give sb 's hair a perm
that is possible to reach
a statement saying that you strongly believe sth to be true
the things that you wear , such as trousers / pants , dresses and jackets
with the eyes covered
to hit sb / sth with a lot of force while you are moving
an object that is heavy
to make a word , phrase or name shorter by leaving out letters or using only the first letter of each word
to allow sb to do sth that you do not agree with or like
near ( used , for example , in the address of a small village )
to make sb worry
to deliberately forget sth that you have learned , especially sth bad or wrong
used with some verbs to show that sth is done in a very complete way
uncertain and likely to get worse
a person or thing that is standing or located next to another person or thing
being angry without expressing your anger openly , but resisting people in authority by refusing to do what they want or to accept responsibility for your actions
to understand sth in a particular way or give sth a particular meaning
sexual desire
a whistle with a short rising note and a long falling note , used by sb , usually a man , to show that they find sb else attractive , especially sb passing in the street
having many small holes that allow water or air to pass through slowly
any of a set of short pieces of music based on a simple tune repeated in a different and more complicated form
a period of time during which you swim
being particularly interested in sth
very modern and advanced
to avoid mentioning a particular subject
people say That 's classic ! when they find sth very amusing , when they think sb has been very stupid or when sth annoying , but not surprising , happens
a person who has made or invented a particular thing
a person who goes onto sb 's land without their permission
these stems used as a material for making furniture , etc .
where people are not allowed to smoke
teaspoonful
an act of putting your hand or another part of your body onto sb / sth
the study of how a society organizes its money , trade and industry
a situation in which a comment , an instruction , etc. is not understood correctly
to make a law affecting sth
to make sb suffer very much
a person who is physically alive but not capable of much mental or physical activity , for example because of an accident or illness
of a higher quality and more expensive than usual
to make sb / sth lose the respect of other people
the spiritual and moral qualities of humans in general
not cooked
a pattern of straight lines , usually crossing each other to form squares
to cover sth with sth that hides it partly or completely
happening or existing before sth else or before a particular time
the ability to learn , understand and think in a logical way about things ; the ability to do this well
as a result of sth in a series of events
to start to grow sth ; to start to grow on sb / sth
a mobile / cell phone or smartphone , especially the main part of the phone not including the battery or SIM card
used when you are reacting to sth that has been said , especially if you did not know it before
not deserving any respect at all
a strong hard metal that is made of a mixture of iron and carbon
a place where you can buy and drink alcoholic and other drinks
a hit or kick of the ball before it touches the ground
a rib of pork ( = meat from a pig ) with most of the meat cut off
to describe sb / sth in a particular way ; to consider sb / sth to be sth
the scientific study of language or of particular languages
red wine
Europe , N America and Canada , contrasted with Eastern countries
attractive and delicate
films / movies or television in general
kind and loving
lasting for ever
a group consisting of one or two parents , their children and close relations
a group of specialists who give their advice or opinion about sth ; a group of people who discuss topics of interest on television or radio
very steep , high and often dangerous
a person who does not have expert knowledge of a particular subject
a book , that is part of a series of books
empty ; with no pictures , marks or decoration
rude and not showing respect for sb who is older or more important
to say sth in a quiet angry voice
to keep changing from one thing to another and back again
trying to harm or upset sb , or showing that you want to , because you think that they have harmed you
the side of a river , canal , etc. and the land near it
without spending or costing much money
the activity of making , buying , selling or supplying goods or services for money
a state of being bad-tempered and unreasonable
pleased about sth good that has happened , or sth bad that has not happened
a continuous pain in the head
a place where people have come to live and make their homes , especially where few or no people lived before
enough for a particular purpose ; as much as you need
the state of being addicted to sth ( = unable to stop taking or using it )
that is likely to be correct or true
expecting a lot of work or attention from others ; not easily satisfied
the firing of guns from two or more directions at the same time , so that the bullets cross
no longer in existence
having or shaped like a dome
the practice by which a powerful country controls another country or other countries
a type of food that some people think is very good for you and helps to prevent disease
changing often and suddenly
to be planned secretly
that always stays the same and does not change
to think or say that sth is not important or not true
opposed to abortion
to find out more about sth that sb has told you or suggested to you
the things that are saved from a disaster or an accident
covered with clouds ; dull
not loved by anyone
to change a written record or information so that it is no longer true
feeling ill / sick or unhappy
a rise in the amount , number or value of sth
to turn away with a sudden movement because it is afraid or surprised
produced by or using processes which involve changes to atoms or molecules
continuing until a particular point in time and not finishing
blowing from the land towards the sea
used to make a suggestion
an area of a city where many people of the same race or background live , separately from the rest of the population . Ghettos are often crowded , with bad living conditions .
to make a loud sound like the one that is made when you walk on gravel ( = small stones )
to make changes to sth without permission , especially in order to damage it
very much in love with sb ; very enthusiastic about sth
a movement which twists the body out of its natural shape
a person who works at an embassy , usually with a special responsibility for a particular area of activity
to send water , gas , oil , etc. through a pipe from one place to another
to become unable to move or work ; to make sth do this
a small part of a picture or painting ; the smaller or less important parts of a picture , pattern , etc. when you consider them all together
used in questions and negative sentences when you want sb to say ‘ no ’
if your mind flashes back to sth , you remember sth that happened in the past
very successful in a way that causes great satisfaction
to put sth valuable or important in a dangerous situation , in which it could be lost or damaged
the quality in sth that makes it seem as if it is happening now , close to you and is therefore important , urgent , etc .
a slope that joins two parts of a road , path , building , etc. when one is higher than the other
taking unnecessary risks
while a musical instrument is being played
to walk around a room , an area , etc , especially because you are bored , anxious , etc , and cannot relax
a student or new graduate who is getting practical experience in a job , for example during the summer holiday / vacation
to walk or move in a smooth and easy way
as the repre sentative of sb or instead of them
an arrangement with a company in which you pay them regular amounts of money and they agree to pay the costs , for example , if you die or are ill / sick , or if you lose or damage sth
the act of making a state or situation continue
about sb / sth
to speak in an angry or bad-tempered way
a situation in which a group of people or large animals such as horses suddenly start running in the same direction , especially because they are frightened or excited
causing feelings of pity or sympathy ; making you feel emotional
a twisted piece of metal that can be pushed , pressed or pulled but which always returns to its original shape or position afterwards
a way of walking
used when you are comparing two things
to clean a car extremely thoroughly
people who move out of a city because it is too crowded to an area where there is more space
not wanting to do sth and refusing to do it
a moral or legal claim to have or get sth or to behave in a particular way
bad or dangerous
loved very much
the fact of trying to prevent sth / sb from making progress
so as to cover sb / sth completely
the scientific process of classifying things ( = arranging them into groups )
related to the body 's ability to stay healthy , be strong and fight illness
to have an angry argument or disagreement
not fully developed
arriving , or done before the usual , expected or planned time
a talk that is given to a group of people to teac h them about a particular subject , often as part of a university or college course
to end or finish ; to make sth end or finish
to express an i dea clearly and exactly
the part of a country 's armed forces that fights on land
only recently produced or developed
the circumstances or past events that help explain why sth is how it is ; information about these
to learn , or to teach sb , a new type of work , a new skill , etc .
you use unadulterated to emphasize that sth is complete or total
to end sth suddenly
a sports competition involving teams from two countries
a piece of roast meat
happening , said or done many times
a game played on a field by two teams of 11 players , with curved sticks and a small hard ball . Teams try to hit the ball into the other team 's goal .
in which people express strong views and deal with sth in a direct way
amusing or enjoyable
a meal at which people serve themselves from a table and then stand or sit somewhere else to eat
smooth and difficult to hold or move on
that can be reached by a particular route or from a particular direction
without being able to see what you are doing
a line of people , cars , etc. waiting for sth or to do sth
having a belief or a way of behaving that will not change
connected with things that actually exist or are present and can be seen , felt , etc. rather than things that only exist in a person 's mind
blame or criticism for sth you have done
the use that is made of sth that has become available
to argue or disagree strongly with sb about sth , especially about who owns sth
bored with or annoyed about sth that has been happening for a long time , and wanting it to stop
the complete range of a particular kind of thing
connected with the period after a medical operation
elegant clothes worn for formal occasions in the evening
on e of the systems of faith that are based on the belief in the existence of a particular god or gods
to organize sth in a system
one of the two parts of a bra that cover the breast
connected with an orchestra
the act or process of combining two or more things so that they work together ( = of integrating them )
objects that are made of or covered with silver , especially knives , forks , dishes , etc. that are used for eating and serving food
a curved band of different colours that appears in the sky when the sun shines through rain
to follow sb quickly
a quantity of sth or an amount of time that is considered as a single unit
showing the good effects or influence of sth / sb
involving risk or danger , especially to sb 's health or safety
to enter or make sb enter a place or an organization secretly , especially in order to get information that can be used against it
to kill or wound a person or an animal with a bullet , etc .
the season of heavy continuous rain in tropical countries
drinks and small amounts of food that are provided or sold to people in a public place or at a public event
a thing that is used for transporting people or goods from one place to another , such as a car or lorry / truck
in a gentle way
a large vehicle for carrying heavy loads by road
to manage or operate sth to gain benefit from it
the most recent or the newest thing or piece of news
more modern than the current fashion
starting and then stopping
a soft light rubber material , full of small holes , that is used for seats , mattresses , etc .
containing scenes , statements , etc. that are too shocking or too critical and are likely to cause anger or disapproval
a time when a machine or system stops working
a long , often curved , piece of road , river , coast , etc .
having the smooth shiny appearance of satin
to turn the cover or the pages of a book so that it is no longer closed
to move or develop slowly or more slowly than other people , organizations , etc .
to allow the air to escape from sth deliberately
to be the main speaker in a television or radio show , who gives details about the show and who presents the people who are in it ; to tell the audience the name of the person who is going to speak or perform
used to give what you think is a better description of sth
praise and worship of God
to think of and plan a system , a way of doing sth , etc .
a small area of sth wet and shiny
to complain about sth , without saying publicly what you think
the state of feeling sad or depressed
reaching a person 's ankles
a grandmother
food , drink or services that are provided by an organization for guests , customers , etc .
a habit ; the normal state of things ; what is true in most cases
a person that you know but who is not a close friend
an official suggestion about the best thing to do
to be full of a particular feeling or quality
the quality of being faithful to your husband , wife or partner by not having a sexual relationship with anyone else
the way in which you deal with a particular situation ; the direction of your words or thoughts
an intelligent person
unpleasant or harmful information about sb that could be used to damage their reputation , career , etc .
the social or professional position of sb / sth in relation to others
usually used in orders to tell sb to do what they want , even though it annoys you
sexually attractive
death ; a person 's death
a group of soldiers who are ordered to shoot and kill sb who is found guilty of a crime
a person who watches and studies particular events , situations , etc. and is therefore considered to be an expert on them
to make an index of documents , the contents of a book , etc ; to add sth to a list of this type
to control or influence how sth happens
relating to the Baltic Sea in northern Europe and the countries surrounding it
the business of providing public entertainment , for example in the theatre , in films / movies or in television
becoming dark or connected with the dark
to discuss sth , usually sth serious or important
the good feeling that you have when you have achieved sth or when sth that you wanted to happen does happen ; sth that gives you this feeling
a statement or an action that shows that sb refuses to accept sth and questions whether it is right , legal , etc .
very great ; felt or experienced very strongly
a thick liquid that is produced in parts of the body , such as the nose , by a mucous membrane
either of two opposite or contrasting extremes
having or showing good manners and respect for the feelings of others
to fit together or match closely , especially in a way that works well ; to make things fit together successfully
to affect sb suddenly and strongly
the practice of treating sb or a particular group in society less fairly than others
a part inside the body that is shaped like a tube and through which air , liquid , etc. passes
to make a part of your body unable to feel anything , for example because of cold
the natural or correct position for sth
not having been chosen by people in an election
to go , or to make sth go , somewhere slowly or gradually
a short poem in which the last word in the line has the same sound as the last word in another line , especially the next one
with a point at one end
to make yourself or sb else comfortable in a new position
to protect sth with a material that prevents heat , sound , electricity , etc. from passing through
a large container for holding liquids , especially in industrial processes
to change the direction you are moving or travelling in ; to make sth change the direction it is moving in
of an embryo
a collection of a lot of different types of the same thing
to spend the rest of your life in a particular way
the area closest to the space in which a boxing match or circus takes place
lively and full of ideas
to decide not to do sth that you were intending to do , because of possible problems
the part of a hair , tooth , nail or tongue that attaches it to the rest of the body
containing a libel about sb
used when you think sth is probably true
a shellfish that can be eaten . It has a shell in two parts that can open and close .
involving or shared by all the members of a group
a large number or amount of sth
British Broadcasting Corporation ( a national organization which broadcasts television and radio programmes and which is paid for by the public and not by advertising )
an act of yawning
that cannot be ended
a piece of technology used to make flat screens for computers , mobile phones / cell phones , etc . ( the abbreviation for thin film transistor )
( in the past ) Western Europe and N America , when contrasted with the Communist countries of Eastern Europe
a strong negative reaction by a large number of people , for example to sth that has recently changed in society
permission to do sth , especially given by sb in authority
a book of maps
to say or express sth in a different way
knowledge of or an official record of the animals from which an animal has been bred
to be built
a place or a time at which visitors are welcome
to live or move around in a particular state
behaving in an unkind way in order to hurt or upset sb
having the third-highest military rank , and wearing uniform which has three stars on it
when a woman conceives or conceives a child , she becomes pregnant
connected with physical and sexual desires
the quality of knowing and doing what is morally right
numbers , years or temperatures from 50 to 59
to form bubbles
showing that you are in good health
the fact of having representatives who will speak or vote for you or on your behalf
a type of music in the style of the traditional music of the southern and western US
to speak or say sth in a quiet voice that is difficult to hear , especially because you are annoyed about sth
a very positive and enthusiastic description of sth that is going to happen , that is intended to make people excited about it
to become or make sb become accepted as a member of a social group , especially when they come from a different culture
used after a statement to make it less definite
the picture on a television or cinema / movie theater screen
a series of things that are done in order to achieve a particular result
a device that keeps a door , window , lid , etc. shut , usually needing a key to open it
a set of parts ready to be made into sth
the quantity that a factory , machine , etc. can produce
able to improve a particular situation
to use your mind to consider sth , to form connected ideas , to try to solve problems , etc .
the act of showing or describing sb / sth in a picture , play , book , etc ; a particular way in which this is done
to make changes to the way that sth is arranged to work , especially computer equipment or a program
to allow a feeling , an idea , etc. to develop or grow stronger
that exists but that is difficult to describe , understand or measure
the act or process of making plans for sth
the unpleasant state that drug addicts experience when they suddenly stop taking a drug ; a way of treating drug addicts that makes them experience this state
to start again , or to make sth start again , after it has stopped
to refuse to attend or accept sth , for example as a protest
only just achieved or avoided
a person who is especially good at sth
an act of passing liquid waste from your body
giving support to or approval of sb / sth
not deserving respect
the area inside the entrance of a hotel , an office building , etc. where guests or visitors go first when they arrive
a written statement of a contract of insurance
too interested in things that do not concern you , especially other people 's affairs
to damage sb 's confidence , reputation , etc .
a government department that has a particular area of responsibility
if two spacecraft dock , or are docked , they are joined together in space
to confuse sb completely ; to be too difficult or strange for sb to understand or explain
to give a market price for shares , gold or foreign money
to change a picture or photograph using a computer
any compound containing phosphorus , used in industry or for helping plants to grow
to damage sb 's body very severely , especially by cutting or tearing off part of it
a narrow passage of water that connects two seas or large areas of water
to move sth up and down with a sudden movement so that the end of it hits sth
an animal , especially a horse , that is kept for breeding ; a place where animals , especially horses , are kept for breeding
when two hard surfaces grate as they rub together , they make a sharp unpleasant sound ; sb can also make one thing grate against another
the act of producing letters , pictures , patterns , etc. on sth by pressing a surface covered with ink against it
honestly and according to the rules
to move quickly , making a high sound
the act of running to another base while the pitcher is throwing the ball
used in writing to represent the sound you make with your tongue when you disapprove of something
to work together in doing sth
sudden and rapid , especially of a change in sth
to come together as a group ; to bring people or things together as a group
a very bad example of sth
a short period of time from sth
happening inside a muscle or put into a muscle
of or connected with Scotland or its people
a formal statement that a person has become a god
a person or thing that is included
feelings of doubt or anxiety about what might happen , or about whether or not sth is the right thing to do
to start to happen or change , especially in a bad way
not working or behaving like a normal human ; not fit for humans
fruit belonging to the group of fruit that includes oranges , lemons , limes and grapefruit
feeling as if you have done sth for too long and need to have a rest
to make lines on cloth or paper by folding or crushing it ; to develop lines in this way
changing easily from one mood to another
a thing that is written or drawn
a feeling of friendship and support that exists between the members of a group
a description of events , especially in a novel
to tell sb that sth is good or useful , or that sb would be suitable for a particular job , etc .
a place where a play is performed or part of a film / movie is filmed
not together ; separate or separately
a child 's toy that spins on a point when it is turned round very quickly by hand or by a string
the cost of sending a letter , etc. by post
to produce more saliva in your mouth than usual , especially when you see or smell food
good at doing sth because you have been doing it regularly
used to mean ‘ not even a small amount ’ when you are emphasizing a negative statement
to keep changing television channels quickly to see what shows are on
a situation whose success or result is based on luck rather than on effort or careful organization
having parts that you cannot distinguish between ; not split into different parts or sections
to be a tutor to an individual student or a small group ; to teach sb , especially privately
to have a failure or near disaster
cheerful and feeling sure that things will be successful
a belief that sth you want will happen
extremely critical of sb / sth
the act of giving sth , especially money , to help a person or an organization
showing that you do not care about offending sb or about behaving badly
drawn , written , etc. in a way that is not natural or realistic
in a way that does not hide the truth very well
a long piece of wood that has material at one end that is set on fire and that people carry to give light
a single blow to sth , such as a drum , or a movement of sth , such as your heart ; the sound that this makes
shared by two or more people or things
used with verbs in the progressive tenses to say that sb does sth very often and in a way that is annoying to other people
walking or talking without any particular aim
a situation in which there is a lot of public criticism and angry argument about sth that sb has said or done
a continuous harmful increase or decrease in sth , that gradually gets faster and faster
not typical of a group of people or things and therefore not useful as a source of information about that group
( in elections in the US ) a vote in which sb chooses all the candidates from the same party
a thing that is certain to happen ; a person who is certain to do sth
the action of liquid flowing out of a container , etc. that is already full ; the liquid that flows out
to move sb / sth to a different place or environment
a bedroom
having too much pride in yourself and what you do
to cover or hide sth completely
showing a lack of respect , especially in a cheerful and amusing way
produced cheaply and intended to be thrown away after use
to produce lather
in a rough or rude way , without caring about a person 's feelings
available or existing in large amounts or numbers
a person who speaks a particular language
a group of families who are related to each other , especially in Scotland
to stop an opposing team scoring more points , etc. than you
used to refer to or address God or a holy person
the woman that a man is engaged to
a number , word or symbol that shows where sth is on a map , or where you can find a piece of information
two slices of bread , often spread with butter , with a layer of meat , cheese , etc. between them
a person who is liked better by sb and receives better treatment than others
easily recognized as being from a particular country or area
shaking movements of your body because of fear or a high temperature
to feel a continuous dull pain
to begin from a particular place , amount or situation
to move or make a horse move at a canter
to ask sb for sth in an anxious way because yo u want or need it very much
very small drops of a liquid that are sent through the air , for example by the wind
used with adjectives to refer to a thing or a group of people described by the adjective
to be important
a type of cotton cloth with a pattern of white and coloured squares
very pleasant or attractive
to be the time when an event happens
the second highest mark / grade that a student can get for a piece of work
without problems or difficulty
weak and not working well
a place where a bus or train stops regularly for passengers to get on or off
done , often in a way that is annoying or difficult to stop
not following one style or set of ideas but choosing from or using a wide variety
a crisp flat cake with a pattern of squares on both sides , often eaten with sweet sauce , cream , etc. on top
an area and building beside a motorway where you can buy food and petrol , go to the toilet , etc .
in every way
unusual and not serious in a way that is either amusing or annoying
to make an effort to do sth
not willing to do sth
to remove military forces from an area
not able to feel or react to sth
being the basic or usual meaning of a word or phrase
a group of consonants which come together in a word or phrase , for example / str / at the beginning of string
continuing for a long period of time without interruption
usual or typical of sb / sth
( in writing ) Commander
to knock a part of your body against sth
to make short sharp sounds like sth that is burning in a fire
from one part of a country to the other , especially not using main roads or routes
to get sth as the result of a competition , race , election , etc .
if people , plants , animals , etc. reproduce or reproduce themselves , they produce young
that can be touched ; physical rather than spiritual
being involved with sb / sth in an attempt to understand them / it
unable to see
having a smooth edge , surface or shape ; simple and regular
used to describe people who were born in the country they live in but whose parents came to live there from another country
a person who is an expert on a particular subject or who is very good at doing sth
spoken with particular emphasis
a person who steals from a person or place , especially using violence or threats
not behaving or done with confidence
limited in meaning ; exact
able to produce enough food , etc. to keep many animals and plants alive
on or to the further side of sth
a building in which objects of artistic , cultural , historical or scientific interest are kept and shown to the public
to produce a reaction or response
to be mentioned or discussed
very important and treated with great respect
making you feel very excited or anxious because you do not know what is going to happen
to try to persuade sb to do sth by praising them and telling them things they like to hear
the practice of deliberately injuring yourself , for example by cutting yourself , as a result of having serious emotional or mental problems
an illegal substance that some people smoke , inject , etc. for the physical and mental effects it has
a bad argument or very angry disagreement
informal and based on the daily life of ordinary people in cities
a person who is going to die soon or who cannot be saved from a dangerous situation
to limit the size , amount or range of sth
to make sth such as laws or rules stricter
to move apart ; to make people or things move apart
a reduction in the normal price of sth , usually for a short period of time
a country that you are fighting a war against ; the soldiers , etc. of this country
to use more of sth than is necessary or useful
a lot of questions , comments , insults , etc. that are directed at sb quickly one after the other
a group of school students with a similar ability in a particular subject
the amount by whic h a lens can make objects appear larger
the eastern part of a country , region or city
to join the army , etc. without being forced to
to give sb reasons for your behaviour , especially when they are angry or upset because of it
rude in an amusing or an annoying way
something that causes a person , company , etc. to lose all their money , job , position , etc .
an expression used especially by children or when speaking to children to talk about passing liquid waste from the body
to be able to be rem oved
an action that is useful or necessary for a particular purpose , but not always fair or right
a strong feeling of wanting to do sth or of wanting sth to happen
opposed to the government of a country ; opposed to those in authority within an organization
a sound like small bells ringing that is made when metal objects are shaken together
to make sth by sticking pieces of paper together
arranged or expected
to stay where you are rather than moving away or changing position
a person or company whose job is to take packages or important papers somewhere
to do sth again
of or connected with both Europe and Asia
with people or animals living there
a piece of equipment for blowing air into or through sth . Bellows are used for making a fire burn better or for producing sound in some types of musical instruments .
connected with a spectrum
not fully understanding sth
a photograph , or picture in a film / movie , taken very close to sb / sth so that it shows a lot of detail
saliva ( = liquid ) from a person 's mouth
to make a system , an organization , etc. work better , especially in a way that saves money
a mark or sign like an arrow ( ➞ ) , used to show direction or position
a rich source or supply of sth
if a feeling is etched on sb 's face , or sb 's face is etched with a feeling , that feeling can be seen very clearly
to affect or be true for different groups that usually remain separate
giving help , encouragement or sympathy to sb
having knowledge as a result of doing sth for a long time , or having had a lot of different experiences
dangerous , especially when seeming safe
a polite way of referring to going to the toilet
a plane , train , etc. leaving a place at a particular time
a new or difficult task that tests sb 's ability and skill
a thing , especially a bird or an insect , that flies in a particular way
a place where the earth 's surface is lower than in other areas of the world
to make sb feel less angry or critical
the fact of stopping work because you have reached a particular age ; the time when you do this
areas of a country far from towns or cities , where few people live
a particular part or feature of a situation , an idea , a problem , etc ; a way in which it may be considered
to persuade or try to persuade sb to do sth that you want them to do , for example by offering them sth
to give sb power or authority , especially as part of their job
used for referring to a person or thing that is not near the speaker , or not as near to the speaker as another
if a photograph comes out , it is a clear picture when it is developed and printed
used for emphasis
a place where companies and businesses hold a fair to show their products
an older sister
a piece of underwear worn under a shirt , etc. next to the skin
to make sth dirty or greasy
an arrangement that you have with a bank that allows you to keep your money there , to pay in or take out money , etc .
a person who is stale has done the same thing for too long and so is unable to do it well or produce any new ideas
the position , especially a high position , that sb has in a particular organization , society , etc .
a liquid , often made from flowers , that you put on your skin to make yourself smell nice
difficult to distinguish , so that differences are not clear
an animal that has a horse and a donkey as parents , used especially for carrying loads
unable to express yourself clearly , often because of emotion
if an emotion or a feeling deepens , or if sth deepens it , it becomes stronger
to prevent yourself from hitting sth
short , flat and turned up at the end
Use
to begin to be felt
for a reason that you do not know or understand
genuine and typical
a general statement that is based on only a few facts or examples ; the act of making such statements
to appear above the soil
the freedom for a country , a region or an organization to govern itself independently
a person officially chosen by an organization to investigate a problem and report on it
something that happens that seems unfair
used in names of theatres
a narrow strip of material , used to tie things or for decoration
manufactured goods
to arrange to do sth gradually in stages over a period of time
to stop threatening , criticizing or annoying sb
behaving in a way that is more suitable for a woman ; more suitable for women than men
when a machine rolls or sb rolls it , it opera tes
the air in a room or in a confined space ; the air around a place
not certain to last ; not safe or settled
to put a card face upwards on the table , showing its value
a degree of sloping
to or in a foreign country , especially those separated from your country by the sea or ocean
in a way that is steady and does not change or shake
existing in the real world and not specially invented for a particular purpose
an actor 's part in a play , film / movie , etc .
acting in a way that shows that you expect to be attacked or criticized ; having to defend yourself
having or expressing a strong interest in sad or unpleasant things , especially disease or death
quiet , gentle , and always ready to do what other people want without expressing your own opinion
to let your head fall forward when you are sleeping in a chair
a slow steady movement from one place to another ; a gradual change or development from one situation to another , especially to sth bad
the general meaning of what sb says or writes
to talk continuously about things that are not very serious or important
to continue to have sth and not give it back or throw it away
to try and give an answer or make a judgement about sth without being sure of all the facts
a short version of a speech or a piece of writing that gives the main points or ideas
a small round piece of metal that is attached to the surface of sth , especially for decoration
to struggle physically with sb
to stand or walk with your head and shoulders bent forwards
to admit or to be aware that sth exists or is true
the advantage or reward that sb receives for sth they have done ; the act of paying sth back
the unfair treatment of people who belong to a different race ; violent behaviour towards them
an escape from prison , usually by a group of prisoners
the fact of being legal
a large covered structure with rows of seats for people to watch sports events
a purple semi-precious stone , used in making jewellery
not changed or influenced by sth ; not affected by sth
smooth and bright ; reflecting the light
the level of skill shown by sb in making sth beautiful with their hands
( in stories ) a magic bird that lives for several hundred years before burning itself and then being born again from its ashes
thinking very deeply ; involving deep thought
not protected or watched
very small in size or amount
to become thicker ; to make sth thicker
a series of things or people
to hit a ball very high into the air
impossible or very difficult to believe
criticizing sb in an unkind way
not letting you feel physically comfortable ; unpleasant to wear , sit on , etc .
a period of staying ; a visit
to invent a lie or an excuse that will stop sb from getting into trouble
from one place to another
a religious ceremony
to leave a place , especially in a hurry
a quiet and relaxed manner
having a series of sharp points on the edge like a saw
if sth harmful is unchecked , it is not controlled or stopped from getting worse
the act of running away from a dangerous or difficult situation
violent ( used to avoid saying this in a direct way )
used to say that sb does not have a strong opinion about sth
a white substance that is added to food to give it a better flavour or to preserve it . Salt is obtained f rom mines and is also found in sea water . It is sometimes called common salt to distinguish it from other chemical salts .
to make sth such as a piece of clothing shorter
to stop yourself from expressing how you really feel
to give instructions about sth or make a request for sth to happen
your ability to think quickly and clearly and to make good decisions
going around a place in search of things to steal or people to attack
to record events in the order in which they happened
the state or quality of being like real life
intended for or used by both men and women
not spent doing work or sth particular
an area of land that cannot be used or that is no longer used for building or growing things on
to say sth before you start making a speech , answering a question , etc .
a type of beer , usually sold in bottles or cans . There are several kinds of ale .
( in writing ) minimum
the act of dismissing sb from their job
at or towards the back of sb / sth ; further back
not wanting or liking sth that you usually eat or use
to run with quick short steps
in an unusual or surprising way
the people or things belonging to a particular group or connected with a particular interest , job , etc .
a disagreement or a situation in a competition in which neither side is able to win or make any progress
to make sth smaller by removing parts ; to cut out parts of sth
to begin to do sth , especially in business or work
used to add a fact or an opinion that makes the previous statement less strong or less important
the period during which a king , queen , emperor , etc. rules
the sport or activity of climbing steep rock surfaces
to persuade sb to do sth
thinking or talking a lot about a particular thing
at or from a short distance
used to tell sb that they are wrong about sth
to move from one foot to another ; to move your feet in an awkward or embarrassed way
the theory that humans are free and responsible for their own actions in a world without meaning
to make sb feel less tired or less hot
a thing that makes you able to understand or achieve sth
the quality of having , or appearing to have , length , width and depth ( = three dimensions )
an area of ground at the side of a road where vehicles can stop in an emergency
to collect sth , especially in large quantities
a situation , feeling , system , etc. that is not as good or true as it seems to be
full of life ; interesting and amusing
if sth is unexpected , it surprises you because you were not expecting it
to make sth equal or similar
crocodile skin made into leather
the status of being trusted to pay back money to sb who lends it to you
to jump or move around in a noisy , excited and often sexual way
to make yourself familiar with a new situation
to wear a particular type or style of clothes
the middle day of the month in the ancient Roman system , from which other days were calculated
of a higher standard or less poor quality ; not as bad as sth else
used with superlatives , and with all and every , to emphasize that sth is the best , worst , etc. that you can imagine , or includes every possible example
not logical or well organized
the 15th letter of the English alphabet
an area of land that slopes upwards
a system designed to reduce traffic in towns in which people park their cars on the edge of a town and then take a special bus or train to the town centre ; the area where people park their cars before taking the bus
connected with your own country rather than foreign countries
thought but not spoken
a singer , especially in a pop , rock or jazz band
to make sb feel cheerful or confident
to be an abbreviation or symbol of sth
involving the most important or best people in a company , an organization or a sport
to put sth firmly around sth / sb
connected with machines and engines
to put a mark ( ✓ ) next t o an item on a list , an answer , etc .
the social class whose members are neither very rich nor very poor and that includes professional and business people
a place or an area where a lot of people live ; a place where a lot of business or cultural activity takes place
very old ; having existed for a very long time
to make clothes smooth using a hot iron
to attract your attention and make you feel interested ; to make yourself give your attention to sth
a type of beer with a dark colour and a strong bitter taste , that is very popular in Britain
to have a noisy argument
to decide that sth has a particu lar meaning and to understand it in this way
to state your opinion , position , etc. on sth very clearly
the top edge of a cup , bowl , glass , etc .
an object from ancient times
causing destruction or damage
ready to be used
to start a computer program
postage and packing ( = the cost of packing sth and sending it by post )
completely clean and free from bacteria
to make it possible for sb to do sth
connected with a short period of time in the future
covered with dirt
to introduce a new development or an important change
a device that uses electricity , petrol / gas , etc. to produce movement and makes a machine , a vehicle , a boat , etc. work
guarding and defending an area of land that they believe to be their own
a strong desire for more food or drink when you are no longer hungry or thirsty
slightly fat in a way that people usually find attractive
without much hope of success or happiness in the future
clear and fast but not very friendly
the process of producing new plants or animals from an ovum that has not been fertilized
the effect that an experience or a person has on sb / sth
using a lot of force
a small thin piece that has been torn or cut from sth
to see sth wrong or bad but decide to ignore it
to move freely and gently , for example in the wind , while one end or side is held in position
a word , sentence , poem , etc. that helps you to remember sth
the part of a bridge or an arch between one vertical support and another
including pictures of naked people and / or sexual acts
very full ; crowded
fairly long
to make sb angry
if sth disgusts you , it makes you feel shocked and almost ill / sick because it is so unpleasant
very frightened
reduced in length , size or range
in its natural state ; not yet changed , used or made into sth else
reports of recent events that appear in newspapers or on television or radio
not in a straight or level position
a person who is rich and has a lot of influence in society , especially sb from New England whose family belongs to the highest social class
an argument between two people or groups of people who have different beliefs and ideas
to separate a single substance , cell , etc. from others so that you can study it
to not let sb do sth or sth happen
the series of forms into which a living thing changes as it develops
a group of people who meet to help each other with a particular problem
a group of people who work or trained in the same place ; a group of products made by the same company
very unfair or wrong
giving useful information
the sudden violent bursting and loud noise of sth such as a bomb exploding ; the act of deliberately causing sth to explode
a small purple fruit , like a plum
won by a very small amount or distance
a dish of small pieces of food , usually served cold
to make sth , especially sth bad or unpleasant , likely to happen
a group into which animals , plants , etc. that are able to breed with each other and produce healthy young are divided , smaller than a genus and identified by a Latin name
feeling as if everything is spinning around you and that you are not able to balance
allowing you to see the truth easily
to set up a tent or a camp for a short time
official papers or a document that can prove who you are
quiet , because you are thinking
any of the different types that human blood is separated into for medical purposes
to suddenly express your feelings very strongly , especially by shouting loudly
a very large dangerous fire that is out of control
recently ; in the recent past
a place where people meet in secret , especially for some illegal or immoral activity
a sweatsuit or sweatpants
to produce drops of liquid
objects used for the purpose or in the room mentioned
causing movement or action
the number of people present at an organized event
the rules in a language for changing the form of words and joining them into sentences
often having sudden violent or angry feelings
wanted by many people , because it is of very good quality or difficult to get or to find
to take away money , points , etc. from a total amount
to turn or force sth back or further away
an aspect of sth that gives it an advantage
in a way that contains or produces the type of electricity that is opposite to that carried by an electron
unwilling to stop opposing sb / sth
a person who has seen a crime , accident , etc. and can describe it afterwards
making you feel anxious and upset or shocked
having a regular pattern of round dots on it
the main part of a body not including the head , or not including the head , arms and legs
the documents that are required for sth , or that give evidence or proof of sth
an organized walk by many people from one place to another , in order to protest about sth , or to express their opinions
made of silk or cloth that looks like silk
( on a child 's birthday ) the act of lifting the child in the air and then putting them down on the ground , once for every year of their age
appearing to be true , real or important until you look at it more carefully
an account or a description of sth
a person who behaves badly , especially a child
organized in an informal way and without official permission or approval
a swear word that many people find offensive that is used to express anger , disgust or surprise
to eat or drink food or liquid
connected with literature that describes the adventures of a person who is sometimes dishonest but easy to like
a loud , angry argument , especially one that happens in public and is embarrassing
the sport or activity of riding a bicycle
a quick way to achieve sth , for example a high position in a job
supporting the interests of capitalism
one of the flat surfaces of sth that is not the top or bottom , front or back
a very small piece of sth
the winning of every part of a sports contest or all the main contests in a year for a particular sport
something that is enticing is so attractive and interesting that you want to have it or know more about it
a person who shares in your work , pleasures , sadness , etc .
not allowing air to get in or out
one of the basic rights that everyone has to be treated fairly and not in a cruel way , especially by their government
a person who is in your wider family but who is not closely related to you
moving slowly in an elegant manner , not needing energy or effort
the line where a mass of cold air meets a mass of warm air
a strong pronunciation of the ‘ r ’ sound , typical of some accents in English ; an accent with this type of pronunciation
a loose outer piece of clothing that has no sleeves , fastens at the neck and hangs from the shoulders , like a cloak but shorter
having the type of flavour mentioned
to attach or fasten sth firmly
away from the front or centre ; behind you
to produce light
a judgement about how sth is likely to develop in the future
the job of controlling traffic that is done by a police officer standing in the middle of the road
born or happening after a short pregnancy , especially one that is less than 37 weeks
the act of finding the position of a ship or an aircraft
old , used a lot , and not in very good condition
having or showing bad judgement
( in the past ) a ruler of Germany , of Austria , or of the Holy Roman Empire
to help or encourage sb to do sth wrong
a large block of stone that is put at the base of an important new public building in a special ceremony
to move very fast
that you can bring into a country without paying tax on them
to tell sb that you would like them to do sth or that you would like sth to happen
to stop working temporarily
a way of describing an attractive person , usually a woman
to make sb very angry , crazy , etc. or to make them do sth extreme
the act of lifting your foot and putting it down in order to walk or move somewhere ; the sound this makes
provided , especially by the government , for the use of people in general
to be bought by people in the way or in the numbers mentioned ; to be offered at the price mentioned
to hunt and kill birds and animals with a gun as a sport
to give or send sb so many things that they cannot deal with them all
how fit and healthy sb is ; the state of being fit and healthy
a type of music with strong rhythms , in which the players often improvise ( = make up the music as they are playing ) , originally created by African American musicians
a hard shell containing the nut or seed in the middle of some types of fruit
an attractive arrangement of flowers or jewellery , that you wear
to be a perfect example of sth
to let saliva ( = liquid ) come out of your mouth
to supply sth with material that can be burnt to produce heat or power
to be in charge of sb / sth and make sure that everything is done correctly , safely , etc .
belief in your own abilities or strengths
intended to make sb feel silly or ashamed
land that is used for farming
something that makes it seem impossible to do or achieve sth
to persuade sb to give you sth or do sth by saying nice things that you do not mean
used when you are describing a situation or saying what you think about it
to notice sth and remember it ; to be noticed
to control or have a lot of influence over sb / sth , especially in an unpleasant way
something that is very exciting or impressive
to use time , energy , etc. for sb / sth
a drug or another form of medicine that you take to prevent or to treat an illness
a free ride in a car , etc. to a place you want to get to
an act of biting
to be performed
very cruel or severe , and never ending
used to say that sb will do or has done as much as they can in order to make sth happen
to move slowly , quietly and carefully , because you do not want to be seen or heard
fitted with an electronic device that enables it to find and hit the place or object it is aimed at
the act of making a rule , etc. operate or become effective
having a surface that is not even or regular
to remove a substance from sth by washing
a small area in a theatre or court separated off from where other people sit
to join people or things closely together or to be joined closely together
making you feel strong and healthy again
the way in which sth is offered , shown , explained , etc. to others
able to be used by more than one person at the same time
causing or experiencing a slight feeling of tingling
a large area of flat land
a sign that sth exists or that shows what it is like
a title or form of address for sb who is respected as a teacher
used to emphasize how large or important sth is
the largest part of sth
done with a lot of energy and determination
towards heaven or the sky
used to ask or tell sb to do sth , especially when you are annoyed
a group of people who represent the views of an organization , a country , etc .
firmly fixed and safe
the story of a person 's life written by sb else ; this type of writing
a substance designed to make sth shiny
to be sold for a particular amount of money
to look at sb / sth in an angry way
an expression in your eyes that shows you are happy or amused about sth
used after I or we instead of would for describing what you would do if sth else happened first
a small disc , used in some printers and typewriters , with metal letters around the edge which print onto paper
to speak or say sth in a quiet voice in a way that is not clear
a large group of people of the same type
the pink colour in your face when you have been doing exercise or feel happy and excited
to make sth from a material , using pressure
used to describe sb / sth appearing to be sb / sth else
the way in which the parts of sth are connected together , arranged or organized ; a particular arrangement of parts
having failed to pay money that is owed
a lot of bullets , stones , etc. that are fired or thrown at the same time
a strip of metal , plastic or wood that sth slides on or can move along on
a type or area of business , activity or interest
an illegal act or activity that can be punished by law
to reach a particular level or amount
to connect sth again ; to connect to sth again
something that has become important because people are willing to spend a lot of money on it
a type of light pale beer that usually has a lot of bubbles
having or showing a lack of knowledge or information about sth
the fact of sth breaking , especially a bone
violent action or the threat of violent action that is intended to cause fear , usually for political purposes
the sport of travelling in or racing a canoe
sad because you are not included in sth
wonderful ; very enjoyable
having travelled the amount mentioned
to not realize how good , strong , determined , etc. sb really is
to touch sth ; to join
to move your body or part of your body so as to face or start moving in a different direction
to escape from sb / sth or avoid meeting sb
to make sb feel confused or embarrassed
slow and complicated
that you cannot accept , allow or approve of
a word that tells you about the main idea or subject of sth
serious and sensible
to ask an amount of money for goods or a service
an organized group of professional people with special interests , duties or powers
a person who is captured and held prisoner by a person or group , and who may be injured or killed if people do not do what the person or group is asking
to dismiss sb from a job
the feeling of respect that you have for yourself
a person who works for a company or an organization
liquid or gas that escapes through a hole in sth
a short period between the two halves of a sports game during which the players rest
a person who collects and reports news for newspapers , radio or television
the sport or activity of moving on ice on skates
a thing that shows that sth else exists or is true
very surprised
Glycaemic Index ( = a system for measuring the effect of foods containing carbohydrates on the level of sugar in the blood )
a narrow strip of material that is used for tying things together or as a label
a time when children must be home in the evening
to form a fixed idea about a person or thing which may not really be true
being sth in name only , and not in reality
that can be trusted or relied on
an idea of what might or will happen in the future
done or used in order to prevent a disease
the quality of being natural and plain
lack of interest
used to insult sb , especially a man , who has been rude , unpleasant or cruel
a large group of insects , especially bees , moving together in the same direction
full of things that happen , especially exciting , important or dangerous things
to fight sb or try to get away from them
to have a regular rhythm according to fixed rules
a word in front of a person 's name to show their rank or profession , whether or not they are married , etc .
a system that cools and dries the air in a building or car
a sudden increase in a particular activity or attitude
late in doing sth or in paying money that is owed
to say a list or series of things
to involve yourself in a situation that does not concern you
the sharp thin end of sth
to some extent ; not completely
an area of land or water , especially a long one
a system of moral principles or rules of behaviour
that is difficult to stop or control
the general health , happiness and safety of a person , an animal or a group
to attract or interest sb
tending to think deeply and carefully about things
having laws and customs that are fair and morally acceptable
one of a pair of outer coverings for your feet , usually made of leather or plastic
a feeling of being certain ; a thing about which you are certain
a website on the Internet where people can auction goods ( = sell them to the person who offers the most money for them )
an area or a place that is empty
the series of events that form the story of a novel , play , film / movie , etc .
careful and logical
to move somewhere in large numbers , one after the other
a strong alcoholic drink made from malted grain . It is sometimes drunk with water and / or ice .
a thing or a group of people or things shaped like a circle
to put two or more things or people together in order to do sth or to achieve a particular effect
a way of doing sth that is the usual or expected way in a particular organization or situation
a drug used to treat depression
a person 's waist
to state clearly and firmly that sth is true
to prevent people from passing through a place
having a value in the middle of a series of values
so as to be finished or closed
a piece of equipment that you wear around your neck to hold the wire of an iPod
the process by which sth is taken into a body or system ; the rate at which this happens
honest ; not keeping thoughts and feelings hidden
to express or perform sth
a group of people of similar age involved in a particular activity
to capture a person or an animal that tries or would try to escape
a large musical instrument with keys like a piano . Sounds are produced by air forced through pipes .
not given or giving willingly ; not generous , especially with money
looking or feeling too pleased about sth you have done or achieved
used for writing the way ‘ out of ’ is sometimes pronounced in informal speech
used when you are stating that sth is the last in a long series and emphasizing how often sth has happened
ca re in what you say or do , in order to keep sth secret or to avoid causing embarrassment to or difficulty for sb ; the quality of being discreet
to cover sth with a thick layer of a substance
that can be related to sth else
containing alkali
used meaning ‘ extremely ’ to emphasize sth negative
a sum of money that must be paid as punishment for breaking a law or rule
belonging to a race of people who have dark skin ; connected with black people
reading from top to bottom , not from side to side
the time when an important change takes place , usually with the result that a situation improves
any of the units of equal value into which a company is divided and sold to raise money . People who own shares receive part of the company 's profits .
for a short time
any of the forms of a verb that may be used to show the time of the action or state expressed by the verb
a group of people together
the blood flowing through the body
a person who achieves the particular level of success that is stated
the work of a fashion model
a very impressive and clever achievement ; great skill
the 11th letter of the English alphabet
that you cannot remember or imagine clearly
a house , room , etc. that is a particular number of houses , rooms , etc. away from another
the amount of money that sb asks for goods and services
to officially tell sb sth
to promise that you are telling the truth
a pattern of squares , usually of two colours
a piece of paper that shows that goods or services have been paid for
to think carefully about sth in order to make a decision about it
to look at and understand the meaning of written or printed words or symbols
connected with st range powers of the mind and not able to be explained by natural laws
money that employees receive for doing their job , especially professional employees or people working in an office , usually paid every month
( in some card games ) the suit that has been chosen for a particular game to have a higher value than the other three suits
to gradually destroy the surface of sth through the action of wind , rain , etc ; to be gradually destroyed in this way
to become or to make sth become steeper
that is replaced naturally or controlled carefully and can therefore be used without the risk of finishing it all
( in Britain ) a yellow line painted at the side of a road to show that you can only park your car there at particular times or for a short time
a road , passage , etc. that is closed at one end
unusually large ; producing an unusually large amount
to take a number or an amount away from another number or amount
a particular area of activity or way of life and the people who are part of it
having a high temperature ; producing heat
a long high jump made while you are running quickly
clear and easy to understand
an act of moving your hand very quickly to take or steal sth
to destroy sth or make it disappear , especially a particular feeling or attitude that sb has
to keep sth under control
to spread through and be noticeable in every part of sth
placed on a slope
very pretty , but in a way that does not seem real
a cruel and violent person
connected with the colon ( = part of the bowels )
to make sth increase or develop more quickly
to change ; to change sth
added to an amount that is already there
wild laughter
the number of people who are available for work in relation to the number of jobs available
to go fast
the mind or brain
to catch the ball and throw it back
to be an example or expression of sth
lacking individual personality , imagination or new ideas
fairly grey in colour
the wife of a duke
to put information or pictures on a website
a person who began or developed sth
girlfriend
something that is not as good as it seemed to be
to get on a ship , train , plane , bus , etc .
relating to dreams or strange experiences , especially of a religious kind
one of the thin flat pieces of horn or bone that cover and protect an animal
connected with or having the plural form
not wanted by the company that is to be bought
the scientific study of diet and healthy eating
marked with a pattern of stripes
not having or showing good taste ; not polite , elegant or well behaved
with information arran ged in groups according to subjects
that is suggested indirectly or understood , rather than said in words
having bubbles of gas in it
from one side to the other side of sth
to send money , etc. to a person or place
shared by or belonging to two or more p eople or by the people in a group
to remove or get rid of sth / sb
used to compare or contrast two facts
happening or doing sth often
to be expected or required to do / be sth according to a rule , a custom , an arrangement , etc .
an occasion on which you meet or communicate with sb ; a relationship with sb
what you earn by working or selling things , and use to buy things
demanding total attention or love ; not wanting sb to be independent
to still need to be done , said , or dealt with
( in the British Parliament ) a seat where a particular group of politicians sit
a written or spoken account of past events
a moment when you hesitate or lose confidence about sth
to pass across each other
a group of planes , buses , taxis , etc. travelling together or owned by the same organization
to connect sb / sth to a piece of equipment , especially a tape recorder or computer system
to cut sth easily with or as if with a sharp blade
not having been paid in time
to make sb suffer a particular punishment
a place where you are safe
to remove the covering from sth , especially from part of the body
to move sth or change its position
to move sb / sth down to a lower rank or level
the money that you pay to travel by bus , plane , taxi , etc .
used as a mild swear word , to emphasize sth
to control sth with rules or laws
thirsty ; that makes you thirsty
to kick sb / sth hard with your foot
ready or likely to do sth extreme
to continue over a period of time
in a kind way
not changing in condition or quantity
used for introducing sb or showing sth to sb
care that you take in order to avoid danger or mistakes ; not taking any risks
the act of saying that you no longer believe that sth you have previously said is true
the start of an institution , an organization , etc .
containing a lot of people , things , plants , etc. with little space between them
the formal giving of an official document , etc. to sb
the official right to have or do sth
a thing or things that are produced as a result of work
without being aware of what you are doing or the situation that you are involved in
to make sb / sth suffer sth unpleasant
the state of worrying about sth
to say things that are not true , especially in order to trick sb
being used
not affected or upset by sth
the process of growing old
a container or covering used to protect or store things ; a container with its contents or the amount that it contains
heavily ; a lot or for a long time
cruel or evil
having many different groups of people and different political parties in it
information or a fact that is made known or public that was previously secret or private
making you feel comfortable , as if you were in your own home
to show where sth is , show sb where to go , etc. by moving your hand in a particular direction
to push sb / sth or yourself into a space that is too small
to give information to sb , especially to the police , about sb who has committed a crime
to watch a place secretly , especially for signs of illegal activity
to get sth that you deserve , usually because of sth good you have done or because of the good qualities you have
each of one hundred equal parts of sth
very important for the final result of a particular situation
if sth links two things , facts or situations , or they are linked , they are connected in some way
one of a pair of small decorative objects used for fastening shirt cuffs together
to confuse and surprise sb
a person who has a lot of experience in a particular area or activity
a large and determined military attack
to put sth in a different class or category
in the morning of each day
used between repeated words to show that there are important differences between things or people of the same kind .
the subject of each section of a speech or piece of writing
a particular style of sewing or knitting that you use to make the pattern you want
despite what has been said or expected
to be responsible for or to take care of sb / sth
used when you are leaving sb or when sb else is leaving
if sth proves dangerous , expensive , etc. or if it proves to be dangerous , etc , you discover that it is dangerous , etc. over a period of time
right and suitable , so that sth is done as it should be done
the time that the young of a person or an animal develops inside its mother 's body until it is born ; the process of developing inside the mother 's body
to throw sth so that it goes quite high through the air
placed in a vertical position
to cut sth out of sth else using scissors
to allow sb to become a member of a club , a school or an organization
used to make sth you say sound less definite or more polite
fame for being bad in some way
to improve or develop in the way that you want
very sad or making you feel sadness
to seem ; to appear
the state of the relationship between an organization and the public
to give a general description of sth , giving only the basic facts
a chemical element . Iron is a hard strong metal that is used to make steel and is also found in small quantities in blood and food .
to move suddenly and with force
a type of soft wool or cloth made from the hair of the angora goat or rabbit
the power or right to do sth
giving or doing sth generously
the state of being male or female
to do sth to another player that is against the rules of the game
a country consisting of a group of individual states that have control over their own affairs but are controlled by a central government for national decisions , etc .
a separate part of a document , book , etc .
to treat a person or situation as an opportunity to gain an advantage for yourself
a small amount of a substance such as paint that has been spread carelessly
something that causes problems and tends to stop sb / sth from succeeding or making progress
having the type or number of toes mentioned
to break up soil , remove plants , etc. with a hoe
to say hello to sb or to welcome them
the national organization in many countries that is responsible for collecting and delivering letters , etc .
to understand or find an explanation for sth
cheerful and friendly in atmosphere or character
a force that stops sth moving or makes it move more slowly
to dress yourself in an attractive way
to move sth slightly so that it looks neater or feels more comfortable
used when you have just noticed or remembered sth , or had a sudden idea
to give water to an animal to drink
to give sth to sb by putting it into their hands or in a place where they can easily reach it
obvious and leaving no doubt at all
to begin shooting
a round vegetable with many layers inside each other and a brown , red or white skin . Onions have a strong smell and flavour .
a task that you do regularly
to send sth to sb by motorcycle
to show a particular quality by your actions
shocking and unacceptable
a device that is used for recording sounds or for making your voice louder when you are speaking or singing to an audience
covered with jam
to destroy sth violently , especially by pulling it to pieces
to move your arms , legs , fingers , etc. far apart from each other
happening or existing a long time ago
like or full of bristles ; rough
to refuse to be connected with sb any longer
the speed at which sth happens
to stop growing at the front of the head
the clothes worn by actors in a play or film / movie , or worn by sb to make them look like sth else
used for emphasis , especially after ‘ yes ’ or ‘ no ’
expressed in an indirect way
the process of sending goods from one place to another
to complete the last part of a plan , trip , project , etc .
not made by or belonging to a particular company
the part of the body between the head and the shoulders
worth doing ; that makes you happy because you think it is useful or important
all the people who work in a particular type of profession
a female worker
to change the law so that sth is no longer illegal
to start to burn
to put another layer of a substance on a surface
the top of a hill
containing all the necessary facts about sth
to be controlled or influenced by sth
to let an anchor down from a boat or ship in order to prevent it from moving away
to hide sb / sth by making them or it look like the things around , or like sth else
to be wearing clothes for a particular activity or occasion
a shared language of communication used between people whose main languages are different
having been the particular thing mentioned for a long time
giving pleasure because it provides sth you need or want
that has not been replied to
to move sth to a later time or date
the act of treating sb / sth as unimportant and not caring about them / it
to say publicly that sb is homosexual , especially when they would prefer to keep the fact a secret
if you turn a page of a book or magazine , you move it so that you can read the next page
connected with the Bible ; in the Bible
an alcoholic drink made from the juice of apples
a page or sheet of information in the form of diagrams , lists of figures , etc .
pleasantly dry and cold
to guess sth or form an opinion by using all the information available
a male
having or marked with veins or thin lines
to reach the point at which you feel , know , are , etc. sth
containing bubbles of gas
to be the first person to become aware that a particular place or thing exists
to stop changing and become regular again
involving a lot of reading and studying rather than practical or technical skills
small letters
that makes you feel relaxed and peaceful
things that people say , write or do in order to show their feelings , opinions and ideas
used when you express sth in a new way or when you are not confident about sth
not very impressive
not very important and having little influence
fashionable and modern
to mix sth with short quick movements with a fork , etc .
the members of a branch of a society such as the Freemasons ; the building where they meet
being a large or obvious example of the thing mentioned
in a direct line
to walk or move in an unsteady way
to remind sb of sth ; to be similar to what sb thinks or believes
a word or thing that has been developed or produced from another word or thing
controlled by women rather than men ; passing power , property , etc. from mother to daughter rather than from father to son
that people do not admit as existing or true ; that people are not aware of
to criticize sb / sth very strongly
trees that are grown to be used in building or for making things
an amount of a particular quality or feature in sth
to make sth move with short movements from side to side or up and down ; to move in this way
intended for vehicles or consisting of vehicles
machinery in a vehicle that turns engine power ( or power on a bicycle ) into movement forwards or backwards
an act of breathing in or of swallowing sth
a substance added to soil to make plants grow more successfully
to stop feeling angry with sb who has done sth to harm , annoy or upset you ; to stop feeling angry with yourself
the food that you eat and drink regularly
not smiling ; looking unfriendly
strange or unusual in an amusing way
a state of perfect happiness
in a way that allows no discussion or refusal
to discover sth that was previously hidden or secret
something that happens or exists
actions that are brave and determined
the act of presenting sb / sth in a particular way ; something that shows or describes sth
a strong flow of liquid or of another substance that is forced into the air
a woman of high social rank who has a title from her dead husband
a thing that you do often and almost without thinking , especially sth that is hard to stop doing
not known or not identified
doing or achieving a lot
feeling pleased and satisfied about sth that you own or hav e done , or are connected with
the act of betraying sb / sth or the fact of being betrayed
very much and in a way that makes you sad
a complicated pattern of things that are closely connected to each other
strong and powerful ; having a strong influence in making sth happen
the line that divides two countries or areas ; the land near this line
happening suddenly and unexpectedly so that the people attacking can leave quickly without being hurt
lacking a strong character
a judgement on a piece of scientific or other professional work by others working in the same area
to form raised folds or lines in an untidy way ; to make sth do this
to provide sb with the money that they need in order to do sth
to make sb no longer able to think clearly or behave in a sensible way
a part of a large shop / store , usually in the floor below street level , where goods are sold at reduced prices
used in particular phrases to mean ‘ nothing ’
an accident in which a vehicle hits another vehicle
a model of a person or an animal that can be made to move , for example by pulling strings attached to parts of its body or by putting your hand inside it . A puppet with strings is also called a marionette .
to express praise for sb / sth because you approve of them or it
a great responsibility or worry
to hit sth with a hammer
a particular way of doing sth
an adopted child has legally become part of a family which is not the one in which he or she was born
to smile in a silly and annoying way
to flow or move out from one place to another
to make an action or a process possible or easier
a Christian religious ceremony that a priest performs for , and in the presence of , a dying person
decided in a way that cannot be changed or argued about
thick and soft
the detailed instructions or information that are given at such a meeting
to go somewhere quickly and in an angry , noisy way
owing sth to sb because of sth that they have done for you
a frame with a net into which players must kick or hit the ball in order to score a point
to make sb feel very excited and enthusiastic about sth
a formal talk that a person gives to an audience
directed towards ; concerning
with all the hair shaved off
the action or sound of sth hitting a hard surface
a complete turn of an engine , used when talking about an engine 's speed
not having to explai n or give reasons for your actions to anyone
double in quantity , rate , etc .
fighting a war
to be put or put sth in a list of things for sale
intended for use by your right hand
the practice of preventing a woman from becoming pregnant ; the methods of doing this
a part of sth that is shared with other people
showing qualities considered typical of German people
on or over a part of the body
a description of events and people that the writer or speaker has invented in order to entertain people
a gun that automatically fires many bullets one after the other very quickly
the fact of failing or refusing to obey a rule
carpets in general or the material used for carpets
some but not all of a thing
to prevent sb from doing what they want to do
the appearance of a place , a situation or a person
the strong ( usually bad ) influence of sb / sth
held very firmly ; not easily changed
the person or thing that makes sth happen
used to represent the sound of a sudden loud hit or a gun being fired
that you can keep permanently
a feeling that sb has done sth wrong , illegal or dishonest , even though you have no proof
a single sound of a particular length and pitch ( = how high or low a sound is ) , made by the voice or a musical instrument ; the written or printed sign for a musical note
firmly ; completely
to move or to make sth move up and down or from side to side , often making a noise
an organization that has a particular purpose , especially one that is connected with education or a particular profession ; the building used by this organization
a male animal
to be not near other objects or buildings
to give an explanation or excuse for sth or for doing sth
elegant , but simple and traditional in style or design ; not affected by changes in fashion
an exciting or brightly coloured mixture of things
to hide or store sth so that it can be used later
a person or thing that tests sth
soft and weak ; not firm and hard
slightly higher than the mark / grade A , B , etc .
the fact of the sky being covered with cloud or the ground with snow
to move forward towards sb / sth , often in order to attack or threaten them or it
to be or become weak or unsteady
to leave a building , seat , etc , especially so that sb else can use it
something important , interesting or typical of a place or thing
connected with poetry ; being poetry
extremely tired ; not well
an amount of money that is taken off the usual cost of sth
in which three or more groups , nations , etc. take part
of very poor quality
the regular pattern of weather conditions of a particular place
sensible and a good idea in order to achieve sth
an act of doing sth quickly because you do not have enough time
to provide a person for a particular task or position
confident in yourself and your abilities
secret agreement especially in order to do sth dishonest or to trick people
something that you think is of poor quality
a mental picture that you have of what sb / sth is like or looks like
an act of going underwater and swimming there with special equipment
a fairly small amount , especially of sth good or pleasant
likely to injure or harm sb , or to damage or destroy sth
the state of being famous
everything that is around or near sb / sth
not having developed a modern culture and way of life
important in a situation but not always easily noticed or stated clearly
a thing that has a pattern to it
that you do not have to pay for
to change your opinions , policies , etc. so that they are the same as those of another person , group , etc .
the quality of being physically strong
a person 's bottom . People often say ‘ behind ’ to avoid saying ‘ bottom ’ .
political activity that involves political parties
connected with sending messages by telegraph
to tell the tax authorities how much money you have earned
used without ‘ a ’ or ‘ the ’ to refer to yourself when you feel stupid because you have let yourself be treated unfairly
involved with other people in sth wrong or illegal
a collection of poems ; poems in general
a person , especially a man , that you admire because of a particular quality or skill that they have
the act of killing sb , especially as a legal punishment
an occasion when sb refuses to allow sth to be done
expressed in an elegant way
authority to rule ; control
a search through a large amount of information , documents , etc .
to move a boat through water using oars ( = long wooden poles with flat ends )
to set the punishment for a particular crime
a large machine at a funfair or amusement park that you ride on for fun or excitement ; an occasion when you go on one of these
all the women in a community or family , especially one that is led by men
a person or thing of a very similar type
a disappointing or unpleasant situation
showing the weaknesses that are typical of people , which means that other people should not criticize the person too much
to be the same in size , quantity , value , etc. as sth else
changes in the earth 's weather , including changes in temperature , wind patterns and rainfall , especially the increase in the temperature of the earth 's atmosphere that is caused by the increase of particular gases , especially carbon dioxide
the raised flat area beside the track at a train station where you get on or off the train
to consider sb / sth to be sb / sth , especially when you are wrong
to give sb complete freedom to do what they want in a place or situation
well known , but probably not true
your feelings or thoughts about sb / sth , rather than a fact
to plan how sth should look and arrange it in this way
knowing sb very well and liking them very much
a feeling of not wanting to do a particular activity any longer because you have done too much of it
an argument , a fight or a test that will settle a disagreement that has lasted for a long time
a list of the candidates in an election
the art of writing or playing music
used in negative sentences to mean ‘ unusual ’
to switch on a piece of equipment
one of the people or groups of people involved in a legal agreement or argument
to keep a supply of a particular type of goods to sell
the business of being a broker
to approve of sth by more people voting for it than against it
having or showing a kind character
to get rid of sth that you no longer want
a narrow pointed part that sticks out of an object
to move or make sth move from side to side very quickly and with small movements
a group of military aircraft or ships forming a section of a military force
not affected or influenced by sth
the higher , etc. sections of an organization , a system , etc .
to begin happening ; to begin doing sth
to do sth to deserve praise , attention , etc .
the clear liquid that is found in drinks such as beer , wine , etc. and is used in medicines , cleaning products , etc .
to stay or live in a place
under the authority of sth / sb
the lowest part of sth ; the base or bottom of sth
a clear fizzy drink ( = with bubbles in it ) with a slightly bitter taste , that is often mixed with a strong alcoholic drink , especially gin or vodka
new , exciting and very popular
a person or thing whose good qualities improve sth
the state of being near sb / sth in distance or time
a bar fixed to the front and back of a car , etc. to reduce the effect if it hits anything
to have two or more different features or characteristics ; to put two or more different things , features or qualities together
to move slowly or with difficulty after being damaged
to interest or excite sb ; to hold sb 's attention
to form or make sth form into crystals
the time between when it becomes light in the morning and when it becomes dark in the evening
the quality of thinking and behaving in a sensible , adult manner
not successfully
a very small room
to spend a lot of time or make a lot of effort doing sth
designed to make sb feel less angry by showing that you are willing to satisfy or please them
a vehicle that is open at the back , used for carrying goods , soldiers , animals , etc .
growing by increasing gradually
the loud sound made by a lot of people talking at the same time
to make a substance pure by taking other substances out of it
the sound of sb hitting a door , window , etc. with their hand or with sth hard to attract attention
a film / movie
a large or important part of sth
very stupid , crazy or dangerous
to breathe in a noisy way because you are very tired
the work of making a simple description of a system or a process that can be used to explain it , etc .
with sth in the background , as a contrast
because ; as
oral sex ( = using the mouth to give sb sexual pleasure )
5
large amounts of money and valuable or beautiful possessions
very impressive ; very beautiful
doing a job without wanting to be paid for it
a piece of electrical equipment with a screen on which you can watch programmes with moving pictures and sounds
a very fast turning movement
to make liquid move in a noisy way ; to use liquid carelessly
to fill sth / sb completely wit h sth so that it is impossible or useless to add any more
a word , especially an adjective or a noun , that is placed before a noun and describes it or restricts its meaning in some way
a loud unpleasant noise
after the time or event mentioned
to move quickly and smoothly in a particular direction ; ( of people ) to move in a confident manner
a person whose job is painting buildings , walls , etc .
a person who owns or controls a large part of a particular industry
a particular detail or fact
very good for you ; containing many of the substances which help the body to grow
a system in which money can be moved from one bank or post office account to another by a central computer
to hide your thoughts or emotions
a small round piece of thin plastic that you put on your eye to help you see better
happening or needed during a particular season ; varying with the seasons
relating to a doctrine or doctrines
to affect every part of sth
the process of making sth ready for use
a big change that causes a lot of confusion , worry and problems
to broadcast television or radio signals
with one end facing up , forwards , or towards the person who is looking at it
having a ring or rings on
connected with ships , sailors and sailing
like a wolf
to show that sb / sth is right or reasonable
not provided with as much money or as many staff , materials , etc. as are needed
having a curse ( 2 ) on it ; suffering from a curse ( 2 )
to change your opinion of or attitude towards sth , or change the way that you do sth
used to show that several activities are involved
to cover a surface with flat stones or bricks
a thin stem that supports a leaf , flower or fruit and joins it to another part of the plant or tree ; the main stem of a plant
a quick sharp hit or knock
money that is obtained using this system
a building or buildings and the surrounding land
causing surprise
to send sounds or signals through a wire or cable from one place to another
systemic chemicals or drugs that are used to treat diseases in plants or animals enter the body of the plant or animal and spread to all parts of it
not having enough of the basic things you need to live
a very heavy defeat
free from cigarette smoke ; where smoking is not allowed
buying and selling
to become red with emba rrassment
the number of points , goals , etc. scored by each player or team in a game or competition
deserving pity or causing you to feel pity
a political organization that you can vote for in elections and whose members have the same aims and ideas
in the period of time that separates two days , years , events , etc .
the story of a person 's life , written by that person ; this type of writing
the ability to hear
to make the meaning of sth clearer by using examples , pictures , etc .
to say or write the letters of a word in the right order
used to show that sth is or might be possible
a thing produced during a natural , chemical or industrial process
very sad
if two people are square , neither of them owes money to the other
to formally or officially tell sb about sth
a method of training your mind or body or of controlling your behaviour ; an area of activity where this is necessary
beef that is not of the best quality , often sold in small pieces and used in pies , stews , etc .
to get rid of sb / sth or leave them for sb else to deal with
to call sb on their bleeper
to make sb / sth certain to fail , suffer , die , etc .
if sth exists or happens in a concentrated way , there is a lot of it in one place or at one time
spoken with a foreign accent
a sudden strong expression of feeling
a living model or a real object or scene that people draw or paint
happening or existing for a period of time without interruption
a person 's understanding of a subject or of difficult facts
separately
connected with the eyes
to rest sth , especially your head , on an object
to encourage sb to do sth or to encourage them to try harder to achieve sth
to put clothing , etc. in a place that is warm or has plenty of air so that it dries completely and smells fresh ; to be left to dry somewhere
to frighten or threaten sb so that they will do what you want
to intend or want sth to happen
a police officer just above the rank of chief inspector
a person who is under the age at which you legally become an adult and are responsible for your actions
to permanently destroy sb 's ability to see
the money system of Britain , based on the pound
to cover sth with fine powder
a piece of thick , heavy cloth that hangs in front of the stage in the theatre
a very high level of excitement or activity
if a person is unrelenting , they continue with sth without considering the feelings of other people
a sum of money to be used for a particular purpose , especially by a government or company
to come together in a small group or groups
to become bankrupt ( = be unable to pay what you owe )
having the number or type of wheels mentioned
per week
the holy day of the week that is used for resting and worshipping God . For Jews this day is Saturday and for Christians it is Sunday .
the money that you invest , or the thing that you invest in
to make a position of power or success stronger so that it is more likely to continue
having a structure in which there are top , middle and bottom levels
to put your arms around sth and hold it close to your body
the area of sea between England and France , also known as the English Channel
a programme on television or the radio
to persuade sb not to do sth again by making them suffer so much that they are afraid to do it
a general feeling or impression that is difficult to explain ; an experience or a memory
to throw sb / sth or be thrown suddenly and violently through the air
a sound like the one which is made when a heavy object hits sth else
a quantity whose value depends on the varying values of others . In the statement 2x = y , y is a function of x .
to start using modern equipment , ideas , etc .
a plant with small shiny white berries that grows on other trees and is often used as a decoration at Christmas
to say sth in a way that suggests you have not given it a lot of thought
based on a wrong opinion or bad judgement
not bright , with a lot of clouds
all the people in a country
useful or suitable
an act of planting sth ; sth that has just been planted
deserving praise
to get worse ; to become damaged or stop working correctly
to get rid of any problems or difficulties that are affecting sth
the act of protecting sb / sth from attack , criticism , etc .
a set of different things that are supplied together for a particular purpose
to be connected with sth / sb ; to refer to sth / sb
a long narrow opening , into which you put or fit sth
a system of treating diseases or conditions using very small amounts of the substance that causes the disease or condition
a person whose job is to put out fires
not having enough time to do sth
used to show that sb did not intend to do the thing mentioned
to drink sth quickly and in large amounts . In British English it also means to eat food quickly and in large amounts .
to rise ; to go up ; to climb up
a thing that is likely to happen
not level or smooth and having rocks rather than plants or trees
to a great degree ; in large amounts
to give sb / sth a particular name or title
the quality of being very similar or equal
to make sb feel great pleasure and admiration so that they give sb / sth all their attention
to free sb / sth or yourself from a place where they / it or you are trapped
to reduce sth by a large amount ; to stop sth
covered with thin transparent plastic for protection
based on a particular idea or belief that is considered to be true
going into a vein
a bend or twist in sth that is usually straight
used to express pleasure and / or surprise because you have found sth that you were looking for , or done sth that you were trying to do
to be the best or most important in a particular situation or area of skill
an illegal act
happening often ; existing in large numbers or in many places
to carefully examine the facts of a situation , an event , a crime , etc. to find out the truth about it or how it happened
forming an angle of 90 ° with another line or surface ; vertical and going straight up
not in use ; not working
a person from Asia , or whose family originally came from Asia
a group of 144 things
small and strong
confused or with confused ideas
born with a particular illness
to increase in value or amount
a device that allows you to operate a television , etc. from a distance
using force or violence
an amount of money that has been saved or has been made available for a particular purpose
involving a very small detail or difference
the whole of the eye , including the part inside the head that cannot be seen
a trick that is played on sb as a joke
to steal money that you are responsible for or that belongs to your employer
the way you notice things , especially with the senses
something that suggests what will happen in the future
an official paper or book that gives information about sth , or that can be used as evidence or proof of sth
used to ask permission politely
to pass into a particular state or situation , especially a difficult or unpleasant one
continuing all the time
that gives sb an advantage or a useful result
if the shape or outline of sth blurs , or if sth blurs it , it becomes less clear and sharp
grass that has been cut and dried and is used as food for animals
the act of trying to appear more important , intelligent , etc. than you are in order to impress other people
a plant that grows thickly with several hard stems coming up from the root
to press your body or part of your body firmly against sth in order to stop yourself from falling
to hesitate and be unable to make a decision or choice
money paid , for example to employees , for things they need to buy every day
a complete game of golf ; a complete way around the course in some other sports , such as showjumping
most important ; main or essential
the act of saving things that have been , or are likely to be , damaged or lost , especially in a disaster or an accident
having a rough surface or containing small bits , seeds , etc .
( in writing ) volt ( s )
to say sth while you are crying
very boring
fairly small
to get or obtain sth
the state of being in agreement and working together ; the state of being joined together to form one unit
a period of time during which people can admit to a crime or give up weapons without being punished
to start or create an organization , a system , etc. that is meant to last for a long time
to move apart and go away in different directions ; to make sb / sth do this
decorated in a way that makes it attractive ; intended to look attractive or pretty
without light ; completely dark
one of the areas which a country , town or state is divided into for purposes of organization , with official boundaries ( = borders )
something that is difficult to understand
showing courage and determination
the time when a country gains freedom from political control by another country
writing that is arranged in lines , often with a regular rhythm or pattern of rhyme
that is possible and likely to be achieved
to employ sb to do a particular job
the time around the middle of the day when people usually eat lunch
not limited in space , range or amount
salty in an unpleasant way
later than sth
Universal Product Code
the producing of young animals , plants , etc .
operating between people and places that are far apart
exaggerated in order to attract attention or create a particular effect
used to express a result
to leave home for a period of time , especially for a holiday / vacation
located at the greatest distance from sth
to reach sb
born
fixed ; not natural
believing strongly in a particular religion and obeying its laws and practices
not giving enough attention and thought to what you are doing , so that you make mistakes
that must be paid by sb
generous ; given in large amounts
to become or make sth slightly wet
knowing , using or written in more than one language
the water in a particular lake , river , sea or ocean
with the number of seats mentioned
to move around a lot making small twisting movements , because you are nervous , uncomfortable , etc .
a substance that controls the effects of a poison or disease
the quality of being expressed clearly
to hit sb very hard so that they fall down
to do a temporary job or a series of temporary jobs
to ask sb a question that is too difficult for them to answer or give them a problem that they cannot solve
not lower than another
the act of prescribing medicine
the top of a mountain
to be moved by the wind , sb 's breath , etc ; to move sth in this way
shared by , including or typical of a whole group of things ; not specific
the side of a large building , especially a church , that faces west , north , etc .
wearing a uniform
to put money into an investment that you cannot easily turn into cash
delicate and often beautiful
a way of holding sb responsible for sth wrong which has been done to you
to make or form sth by removing material with a knife , etc .
having skin that is almost white ; having skin that is whiter than usual because of illness , a strong emotion , etc .
a person or an organization that uses weaker people for their own advantage
in a way that is sudden , unpleasant and unexpected
a sound that people make to show that they are hot , tired , or happy that sth bad has finished or did not happen
to cover sth with a layer of flour
to feel or express great sadness or disappointment about sb / sth
used when you are saying that sth is certainly true
to become a member of an institution ; to start working in an organization or a profession
a sound , for example that sometimes made by a door when it opens or shuts , or by a wooden floor when you step on it
used for showing how or in what way sth is done
the way of writing the sound people make when they are telling sb to be quiet
a written list of all the objects , furniture , etc. in a particular building
to present sth formally for discussion
to allow sb to have sth again
the fact that sth must happen or be done ; the need for sth
the name of the group of people who are elected to make laws , in the US consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives
a payment that sb has a right to for a particular reason
for all the hours of a week during which people normally work or study , rather than just for a part of it
a refusal to accept that sth unpleasant or painful is true
able to stretch and return to its original size and shape
to travel at a steady speed
to pronounce sth
a lot of things in an untidy state , especially things that are not necessary or are not being used ; a state of confusion
to dismiss sb from a job , position , etc .
protected by an alarm
feelings of respect and slight fear ; feelings of being very impressed by sth / sb
a place used for testing machines , etc. to see if they work correctly
to treat things that have already been used so that they can be used again
an official report on a child 's special needs made by a local education authority
to stop sb who is going somewhere , especially in order to talk to them or attack them
having the very darkest colour , like night or coal
if a group of people are unanimous , they all agree about sth
that has been stated to have happened or to be true , when this might not be the case
any of the parts that a day is divided into at a school , college , etc. for study
a large round container for storing or collecting liquids
a name that was given to you when you were born , that comes before your family name
a partner in sex , especially a woman
the fact of having no money , of having lost your job , position , etc .
an unpleasant situation from which it is hard to escape
not straight
to walk somewhere together as a group
that you can touch and feel
a faint sound in the chest , usually a sign of damage or disease in the heart
a radioactive form of carbon that is present in the materials of which living things are formed , used in carbon dating
to defeat sb or force them to do sth , using your power or authority
not long ago
a trip or visit completed in one day
to say what you mean in a clear way
the way things usually happen ; the way things seem to be happening on a particular occasion
having the type of soles mentioned
a set of equipment that you need for a particular purpose
a type of music that expresses strong emotions , made popular by African American musicians
an examination of sth , with the intention of changing it if necessary
to speak severely to sb because they have done sth wrong
to make a person or an animal healthy again after an illness
a person or company whose job is to take furniture , etc. from one house to another
to delay or stop the progress of sth
a business or service run under franchise
a story long enough to fill a complete book , in which the characters and events are usually imaginary
bent or turned so that the original shape is lost
highest in position , rank or degree
the legal right to belong to a particular country
part of a record that is a separate item of data
a short funny scene on television , in the theatre , etc .
used when you are glad because sth happens that you enjoy
instead of
the official process of sending sb to prison or to a mental hospital
a woman who wears clothes that are not fashionable
to support the weight of sb / sth and take them or it from place to place ; to take sb / sth from one place to another
an enjoyable and amusing occasion or thing that happens
to arrive ; to appear
a large area of land or sea that is used for a particular purpose
serious ; difficult to understand or enjoy
to become different ; to make sb / sth different
to create a situation in which sth can easily happen or develop
the clay that some dishes and pots are made of
to speak or say sth slowly with vowel sounds that are longer than usual
the act of making it more difficult for sb to do sth or for sth to happen
a person or thing that causes you a lot of problems
a thing that is useless and no longer needed , although it may have cost a lot of money
to make it possible for sth to be done
to curve out or make sth curve out
ill / sick and not improving
to mak e sth continue for some time without becoming less
a gro up of famous people , or people with a particular skill
a business that prints and publishes books
travelling , especially for long distances or periods of time
that you cannot be sure about ; that is probably not good
the happy celebration of sth
used to say that you agree
more ; additional
the place where sth was first discovered , made or invented
towards the place where a river starts
a set of instructions that tells you how to cook sth and the ingredients ( = items of food ) you need for it
cut low and round
if two or more substances mix or you mix them , they combine , usually in a way that means they cannot easily be separated
bright yellow in colour like gold
maximum
brown or black in colour
the part of sth that is at an equal distance from all its edges or sides ; a point or a period of time between the beginning and the end of sth
free from harmful or unpleasant substances
that does not have permission or approval from sb in authority
known to be an official and usually active member of a political organization
the groups of people that are considered to have the highest social status and that have more money and / or power than other people in society
to have sth as an interest or a hobby
arranged in such a way that not everything happens at the same time
the wide part of a river where it flows into the sea
giving a record of or report on the facts about sth , especially by using pictures , recordings , etc. of people involved
used to refer to actions that you do not mention by name or do not know about
the practice of helping the poor and those in need , especially by giving money
a unit inside a cell which controls a particular quality in a living thing that has been passed on from its parents
not genuine ; appearing to be sth it is not
most important or most successful
to make sb feel as if they are not important and cannot influence decisions or events ; to put sb in a position in which they have no power
below the usual or average amount , level or value
an unusually large person , animal or plant
by a small amount
all the people who will live in the future
the study or practice of growing trees and shrubs
no longer believed in or aimed for
a person who writes letters to another person
a seat in a parliament , on a local council , etc. that was won by a very small number of votes
to write sth on a surface by cutting into it
suffering from mange
to start a group of people , such as an organization , a committee , etc ; to come together in a group of this kind
to think or believe that sth is the case ; to have a particular opinion or attitude
liking to have secrets that other people do not know about ; showing this
an amount of money that is charged by a bank , etc. for providing a particular service
a large , sudden or rapid increase in the amount or number of sth
having a pleasant noticeable smell
buy one , get one free ( a type of special offer used in shops / stores )
an extreme amount of a particular activity
to or at a higher level
very large in size or amount and seeming to have no end
to shout loudly , to show support or praise for sb , or to give them encouragement
to give special importance to sth
very interested and excited by sth that is going to happen or about sth that you want to do
a romantic or sexual relationship with sb that you are not married to
a range of different levels in an organization , etc .
something that is too large or too much for the place where it starts , and spreads to other places
to send money from one bank to another using an electronic system
having all the important qualities that it should have to deserve to be called what it is called
a score of zero ( points or games )
happening or existing in your mind
to present sth so that it can be officially recorded and dealt with
to tell sb about sb / sth that they may like or find useful
used to say that you think that sth is especially good , bad , etc .
that you choose to have ; that is not urgent
a large number or amount
not wanting to attract attention to yourself or your abilities
forming the part of sth that is most necessary and from which other things develop
a book , an article , etc. that is good , etc .
to make you feel more active and want to start doing sth
to become larger in degree or range ; to make sth larger in degree or range
to move toward s each other and meet at a point
having a lot of problems
to go somewhere by plane suddenly and / or quickly
to make systems or rules similar in different countries or organizations
a thing that happens , often unexpectedly , as the result of sth else
the time when sb / sth had most power or success , or was most popular
a difficult or unpleasant situation
a thing that is grown or produced , usually for sale
to end a restriction on sb / sth
a series of different issues of the same magazine , especially all the issues for one year
advice
to have part of your body , your clothing , etc. held in a place so tightly that you cannot remove it and it may be injured or damaged
the state of being in hell ; the act of sending sb to hell
the troubles and problems that sb has
to have an effect on the results of research or an experiment so that they do not show the real situation
to collect plants , fruit , etc. from a wide area
to hit a ball with force , sending it forward
an area of activity , influence or interest ; a particular section of society
feeling or showing that you have no respect for sb / sth
a report of what sb has said that does not use their exact words
a food or drug that is said to give people a strong desire to have sex
without any slopes or hills
similar in some way to another thing or situation and therefore able to be compared with it
to refuse to accept sth and try to stop it from happening
an area of ground specially prepared and marked for playing a sports game
a small building or room used for Christian worship in a school , prison , large private house , etc .
located in the north or facing north ; connected with or typical of the north part of the world or a region
to draw a circle around sth
to trick sb or make them believe sth which is not true
a table or a vertical structure where things are displayed or advertised , for example at an exhibition
a small quick hit with a part of the body that causes sth to turn over
a company that sells goods and services on the Internet , especially one whose address ends ‘ .com ’
the state of being fertile
a sum of money that is paid back to you , especially because you paid too much or because you returned goods to a shop / store
used to say that sth usually happens in the way that you are stating
films / movies as an art or an industry
having a lot of hills
at an equal distance between two points ; in the middle of a period of time
a male member of a religious group , especially a monk
a large industrial building , used for working in or keeping equipment
understood or experienced by only a very small group of people who share a particular area of knowledge or activity
to move or make sb / sth move suddenly forwards and / or downwards
to add a question or remark into a conversation
something that makes you think about or remember sb / sth , that you have forgotten or would like to forget
decorated in a complicated way
a place where you go or stop for a short time , especially when you are going to several places
for which you are paid
the remaining people , things or time
to polish sth ; to make sth smooth and bright
a short sharp explosive sound
a small electric lamp that uses batteries and that you can hold in your hand
to read sth , especially in a careful way
into pieces
to be in charge of a discussion or debate and make sure it is fair
used to say that sb / sth is in a position in front of sb / sth
extremely cold and unpleasant
what you would expect of the person mentioned
to save money to spend later
difficult to see through ; difficult to breathe in
existing in or involving many different countries
a drug used to treat the illness of depression
a situation or an event that is so unfair or badly organized that it becomes ridiculous
to hold sth so that it hangs or swings freely
either of the two long parts that stick out from the top of the body and connec t the shoulders to the hands
like fluff ; covered in fluff
to make a surprise attack on sb / sth from a hidden position
a set of instructions in code that control the operations or functions of a computer
once a year
at a fairly high temperature in a way that is pleasant , rather than being hot or cold
the way in which a piece of equipment is set to perform a particular task
without alcohol ; where it is illegal to buy , sell or drink alcohol
a difference between two or more people or things that you c an see clearly when they are compared or put close together ; the fact of comparing two or more things in order to show the differences between them
used to refer to certain members of a group or certain types of a thing , but not all of them
very strange or unusual
to twist sth into an untidy mass ; to become twisted in this way
that can be separated from sth , or considered separately
a radio or television programme
to remove sth by hitting it with a hammer , etc .
a thing that is complete in itself
a piece of high land that sticks out into the sea
a set of clothes made of the same cloth , including a jacket and trousers / pants or a skirt
the aspects of a person 's character that they show to other people , especially when their real character is different
the abbreviation for ‘ woman police constable ’ ( a woman police officer of the lowest rank )
showing that you do not believe a person or thing to be important or worth considering
badly damaged and / or no longer useful because it has been used a lot
an official decision not to punish sb for a crime , or to say that sb is not guilty of a crime
behaviour that is considered to be polite in a particular society or culture
likely to be affected by sth
a substitute who replaces another player in a team
a confused or very relaxed state of mind
a way of buying sth , such as a car , in which you give the old one as part of the payment for a more expensive one
used to address sb in a way that shows affection
used to describe a plant or species ( = type ) of animal that is much smaller than other similar kinds
in a way that everyone notices ; with a powerful effect
made of concrete
a photograph or picture that shows an interesting place or scene
so high or extreme that it is difficult or painful to think about it
to express an opinion about sth
produced by or from living things
to apply to take part in an activity , use a service , etc .
to give sb the most recent information about sth ; t o add the most recent information to sth
without enough money , usually because another organization , such as the government , has failed to provide it
a large plain ugly building
the sport or activity of swimming underwater using special breathing equipment consisting of a container of air which you carry on your back and a tube through which you breathe the air
having less money and fewer opportunities than most people in society
to emphasize sth , especially so that people give it more attention
to tell sb secrets and personal information that you do not want other people to know
the quality of being reasonable and not being extreme
used in many expressions to show that sb / sth has reached a particular state / is no longer in a particular state
a computer file that contains text that has a name that identifies it
a drug that is used to make the body relax
a statement saying that you think a person is guilty of doing sth wrong , especially of committing a crime ; the fact of accusing sb
similar in position , structure , etc. to sth else
not producing anything useful or successful
used in questions to mean ‘ who ’ , expressing surprise
( in the US school system ) one of the levels in a school with children of similar age
something unpleasant that people are afraid might happen in the future
showing kindness and mercy
the way in which sth is related to sth or influences it
to move back from a place
glass with patterns cut in it
easy to see , hear , feel or smell ; very great or intense
to make sb angry , excited or full of emotion
not treating sb / sth as an enemy
having charisma
in all details ; exactly
the act of keeping another country 's power within limits so that it does not become too powerful
a person who comes from a different country
an instruction to your bank to allow sb else to take an amount of money from your account on a particular date , especially to pay bills
to a fairly large degree , especially in comparison to sth else
a word , figure , etc. that is not said or written down correctly
with a lot of bright light from the sun
to affect sb badly and make them feel unhappy and less confident
of the nucleus ( = central part ) of an atom
to spread very quickly
a way of representing musical notes on paper by showing the position of the fingers on a musical instrument rather than the actual notes ; an example of this
used to refer to an amount of sth or a number of people or things when the amount or number is not given
a particular community of people who share the same customs , laws , etc .
a member of a community that moves with its animals from place to place
to make sth move in the direction or into the position mentioned
although
continuing or moving forward
the belief that individual people in society should have the right to make their own decisions , etc , rather than be controlled by the government
dishonest , or morally wrong
to start in a particular way
a quick or secret look at sth
doing nothing in particular
to finish using a computer program
a ruler with great power , especially one who uses it in a cruel way
to meet sb , or discover or experience sth , especially sb / sth new , unusual or unexpected
a public holiday , for example Christmas Day , New Year 's Day , etc .
in a way that clearly shows the differences between two things
downwards and away from a vertical position
feelings of worry or anxiety
the right to express your opinion and influence decisions
not knowing or realizing that sth is happening or that sth exists
to have sth good that is an advantage to you
the action of coughing
to take a lot of a drug , regularly
the temptation to do sth that seems very attractive but that will have bad results
to make a long or difficult journey , especially on foot
the ability to stay calm and accept a delay or sth annoying without complaining
in a soft way
not honest
blame or responsibility for doing sth wrong or for sth bad that has happened
a bright but unsteady light or flame that does not last long
any day except Saturday and Sunday
making a rough , unpleasant sound like sth being scratched across a surface
clothes , especially unusual clothes or those worn by a particular type of person
at a slow speed
the faint light or the period of time at the end of the day after the sun has gone down
an occasion of playing a game
used to state the reason for sth
to be in a position where you ought to do sth
Jewish people as a group
to tell the truth
that has not been found or noticed ; that has not been discovered
cruel and unpleasant
to hold sth tightly and firmly
not usual , normal or familiar
a thing that is known to be true , especially when it can be proved
the practice of obeying rules or requests made by people in authority
strong or deep
a bell with a button outside a house that you push to let the people inside know that you are there
a situation in which sth seems to exist although this may not , in fact , be the case
used to say that sth is in sb 's past
happening again with increased interest or strength
the physical condition of sb / sth
if sth repays your attention , interest , study , etc , it is worth spending time to look at it , etc .
a group of people of the same age or social status
the act of asking questions or collecting information about sb / sth
the amount you get when you add several numbers or amounts together ; the final number of people or things when they have all been counted
used to say that it is impossible to do sth
immediately noticeable because it is particularly interesting , bright or attractive
eaten on its own without any butter , jam , etc .
to spread in an untidy way ; to cover a large area
to make sb take action by shocking them or by making them excited
to keep sth at a low level
the most important quality or feature of sth , that makes it what it is
to walk slowly with no particular purpose ; to be somewhere not doing very much
to prevent sb from speaking freely or expressing their opinion
unable to feel sth or react to it
the side of sth that receives most light from the sun
the title of the person whose job is to control the discussions in a parliament
a policy within a company or other organization designed to allow people to freely communicate with the people in charge
using few words and often not seeming polite or friendly
the desire or need of customers for goods or services which they want to buy or use
the opposite fact , event or situation
not pleasant , in a way that prevents you from liking sb / sth
the ability to make the right decision about sth ; good judgement
third in order , rank or importance
to reach sb who is ahead by going faster
used to emphasize that people or things are completely different
a task or an activity that is very easy
behaviour that is not genuine , done in order to hide your true feelings or opinions
a bright green precious stone
to make s b / yourself feel stronger , braver , etc .
a party in sb 's home
to crush or grind sth in a mill
to choose actors to play the different parts in a film / movie , play , etc ; to choose an actor to play a particular role
to be trusted to do sth
to be felt strongly by a person ; to be present in a situation
the 10th letter of the English alphabet
an occasion when a tyre suddenly bursts on a vehicle while it is moving
a yellow citrus fruit with a lot of sour juice . Slices of lemon and lemon juice are used in cooking and drinks .
to experience sth unpleasant
a period when sth such as a sport or a type of music suddenly becomes very popular and successful
being taken care of by sb
an official statement about sth special that sb has done , especially about acts of courage in a war
that can be changed so that sth returns to its original state or situation
a room or small building containing several toilets , each in a separate smaller room
to lend sb money for a short time
to put pressure on sb by repeatedly asking them questions or asking them to do sth
that cannot be doubted
a person who causes sth to happen , especially sth bad
to wash , dry and iron clothes , etc .
the part of a rope , etc. that is hanging loosely
that cannot be obtained ; that cannot be found or created again
a long walk for pleasure
the colour of gra ss and the leaves of most plants and trees
using very little money
damage to a person 's feelings
( especially of sb 's eyes ) to be wide open and stick out
the quality of being strange or unusual
a switch that can be set to start and stop a machine working automatically at a particular time
to be talking to sb , usually in order to ask or tell them sth
the reasons for sth
an examination of sb 's knowledge or ability , consisting of questions for them to answer or activities for them to perform
causing unnecessary fear and anxiety
a shop that sells stationery
very large or great
to do sth even though you think that there is only a small possibility of it being successful
used to suggest that an annoying event happens in order to annoy you , or that sb does sth in order to annoy you
making you become hot and covered with sweat
to drink alcohol , especially when it is done regularly
the possibility of free and easy movement
to insult or offend sb
present in large numbers ; full of people , animals , etc. that are moving around
having a hole that another part fits into
a fast train that does not stop at many places
land covered with grass that is suitable for feeding animals on
a black powder made from dried berries ( called peppercorns ) , used to give a spicy flavour to food
of which the date is not known
in a way that is not exact
the joint between the top and bottom parts of the leg where it bends in the middle
used to describe a period of time when it is raining while the sun is shining
including all the parts , etc. that are necessary ; whole
to change direction
a person who is skilful in business and financial matters
the 25th anniversary of a wedding
a punishment for breaking a law , rule or contract
the attractive , exciting qualities that sb / sth , especially a rich and famous person or place , seems to have
the way a group of people feel about sth ; the atmosphere in a place or among a group of people
a state in which a person who is accused of a crime is not considered to be responsible for their actions , because they are mentally ill
to influence sb so that they have an unfair or unreasonable opinion about sb / sth
used to show the beginning or end of a conversation , statement , etc .
a journey in a car or other vehicle
a child 's word for the solid waste that is passed through the bowels
the sense that enables you to be aware of things and what they are like when you put your hands and fingers on them
a particular book or magazine
to appear again after not being heard of or seen for a period of time
drunk or often getting drunk
stronger , more powerful or more effective than usual
to become greater in number , amount or importance than sth else
badly planned or organized
used to tell sb to start to eat
determined
having a pleasant sound
connected to a source of electrical power
a bright expression in sb 's eyes showing a particular emotion
to be very surprised by sth
having or bringing a lot of rain
a piece of radio or television equipment that changes broadcast signals into sound or pictures
to suddenly become very angry or dangerous
to do sth very quickly
having three parts or involving three people or groups
typical of people from the middle social class , for example having traditional views
to surround or cover sth comp letely
to print , paint , sew , etc. letters onto sth
used as a very polite word for royal people or their actions
the skill of doing sth at exactly the right time
a person who is very skilful at sth
the ability to recognize and / or enjoy good food and drink
to get sth , especially by making an effort
an amusing aspect of sth
an action or an opinion that is not correct , or that produces a result that you did not want
the quality of making a strong impression on other people by the way you talk or behave
to stay on or near the surface of a liquid and not sink
a person , company , or thing that competes with another in sport , business , etc .
accurate or true , without any mistakes
the fact or state of being damp
to compete against sb / sth to see who can go faster or the fastest , do sth first , etc ; to take part in a race or races
that can be excused
to describe or express sth as an amount or a number
the act of regularly changing the thing that is being used in a particular situation , or of changing the person who does a particular job
in no other situation , place , etc .
( in writing ) arrives ; arrival
a copy of sth that no longer exists
a sound that people make to show that they do not like an actor , speaker , etc .
that cannot be argued with or changed
a situation where it is almost impossible for a number of people or things to fit into a small or restricted space
a plastic card on which information is stored in the form of a microchip
to stop talking or doing sth for a short time before continuing
to take advantage of an opportunity to do or have sth
designed to make sth right that was wrong before
unable to stop taking harmful drugs , or using or doing sth as a habit
a sudden strong movement that pushes sth / sb forward
the quality of being completely honest
to give information about sth
not knowing what to do in a particular situation
used to introduce a more exact description of sb / sth
a system of buying and selling goods through the mail
used with a plural verb to mean ‘ most people ’
having a tendency to show favour towards or against one group of people or one opinion for personal reasons ; making unfair judgements
to stick out from a place or a surface
a range or an extent , especially of what can be achieved in a particular situation
a sharp hit given with your open hand , especially to a child as a punishment
to twist or wind sth around sth else
used to ask for or give permission
showing a time later than the true time
used to show that sth is arranged or intended to happen at a particular time
not talking very much
morally very bad
a photograph made by X-rays , especially one showing bones or organs in the body
very large or powerful and causing surprise or admiration
showing a lot of approval or respect for sb
a small amount of food that is wrapped in sth , usually pastry , before it is cooked
a particular area , country or section of the population that might buy goods
an action that people strongly disapprove of
with no wind
not seeming true or real ; not making you believe that sth is true
an important event or period of history
to talk or laugh in a loud unpleasant voice
without the thing mentioned
a group of people with whom you feel you belong or who share the same ideas or beliefs
if two ideas , beliefs , stories , etc. conflict , it is not possible for them to exist together or for them both to be true
an injury in which sth inside the body breaks apart or bursts
a powder made from dried berries ( called peppercorns ) , used to give a hot flavour to food
to let it be known in public that you support or agree with sth
connected with a particular regiment of soldiers
to promise to become a junior member of a fraternity or sorority
to make other people recognize your right or authority to do sth , by behaving firmly and confidently
mentioned in stories ; famous ; well known
money that you have to pay to the government so that it can pay for public services . People pay tax according to their income and businesses pay tax according to their profits . Tax is also often paid on goods and services .
obtained dishonestly or unfairly
behaving in a secret and sometimes dishonest or unpleasant way
not existing ; not real
to go in a circle around a central point
a good time ; friendly , enjoyable talk
the position of your feet when they are safely on the ground or some other surface
payment in advance
a set or series of things that are joined together , for example on a string
in an amused way
careful not to say or do anything that will annoy or upset other people
a way of referring to sb 's intelligence or mental ability
connected with the less expensive way of travelling on a train , ship , etc .
an act of going from one side to another
to force sb / sth to have to deal with sth that is difficult or unpleasant
the state of being estranged ; a period of being estranged
not covered with or protected by anything
to be lost or impossible to find
to leave a place or situation , especially because it is becoming dangerous
a field in which rice is grown
to influence sb so that they begin to behave in an unacceptable or shocking way
a sudden strong feeling , especially of shock or surprise
willing to give information about sth
to move forward in a steady but powerful way
as a paid job , not as a hobby
events or knowledge shared by all the members of a particular group in society , that influences the way they think and behave
the amount of time that sth lasts
used to show that sth is likely to happen very soon or in the future
a particular quality or atmosphere
to fix sth into position on sth , so that you can use it , look at it or study it
to continue doing sth , especially working or staying in prison , for a fixed period of time that has been set
to criticize sb / sth publicly in an amusing way that makes them or it look ridiculous
to add salt , pepper , etc. to food in order to give it more flavour
to feel very excited , emotional , etc. about sb that you think is sexually attractive , so that you almost become unconscious
a basic material that is used to make a product
a quantity or supply of sth that you have and use
used to describe or ask about the height of sb / sth
in a more excellent or pleasant way ; not as bad ly
the quality of being excellent or important
to buy sth , especially cheaply or by chance
on fire
the act or process of removing or obtaining sth from sth else
the state of being protected from sth
to be involved in military activities in a place
a man who is attracted to a woman and admires her
a person or thing that is likely to cause problems or danger at some time in the future
having no purpose ; not worth doing
allowing you to enter text on a computer or a mobile / cell phone more quickly by using the first few letters of each word to predict what you want to say
a journey from one place to another by ship
a swinging movement or rhythm
talk or reports about the shocking or immoral things that people have done or are thought to have done
a number of people or things that have been chosen from a larger group
almost not
an area or a part of an object , especially one that is different from its surroundings
at the furthest point in a particular direction
to move or travel slowly somewhere
a small symbol on a computer screen that represents a program or a file
full of interesting or exciting ideas ; making people feel enthusiastic
used on the telephone to ask sb to wait until they can talk to the person they want
the sport or activity of going into caves under the ground
likely to do sth very soon
an invitation or a suggestion to sb that they should enter a competition , fight , etc .
an activity that is tiring or boring and takes a lot of time
to be generally believed or expected to be / do sth
to cook sth in hot fat or oil ; to be cooked in hot fat or oil
without any decoration
deliberately not helpful
physical or mental effort ; the act of making an effort
the act or process of changing sth in order to improve it or make it more acceptable ; a change that is made
an electrical circuit , connection or program that joins one device or system to another
a skipping movement
noisy breathing while you are asleep
something that is such a bad or unfair example of sth that it seems ridiculous
information that is discovered as the result of research into sth
to start to have a quieter way of life , living in one place
a measurement of how good , popular , important , etc. sb / sth is , especially in relation to other people or things
an area of study or work that sb specializes in
a child of a particular person or couple
a state of excitement or worry
a small group of people who work as part of a larger political organization , especially secretly
covered with a lot of hair
on or to the inside
a pot or other object made of clay that has been made permanently hard by heat
the people who work or are available for work in a country or company
a large amount of sth that has been stolen or that is illegal
to move people or animals to an area to live there
in a very similar way
smelling damp and unpleasant because of a lack of fresh air
a way of thinking about a subject
a small bay ( = an area of sea that is partly surrounded by land )
an exact copy of sth
a tree on which cherries grow , or a similar tree , grown for its flowers
not listened to or heard
moving in a continuous curve that winds around a central point
a natural skill or interest in sth
a comment , especially based on sth you have seen , heard or read
( in developing countries ) a group of people of the same race , and with the same customs , language , religion , etc , living in a particular area and often led by a chief
a law or a rule that stops sth being done or used
meat from a young sheep
very great
to become calmer or quieter
thin in an attractive or elegant way
the first letter of the English alphabet
feeling that everything is moving and that you are going to fall
the bone structure that forms the head and surrounds and protects the brain
with great energy , speed or anger
nearest to the centre or inside of sth
to get or accept sth that is sent or given to you
the action of choosing a person or thing for a particular purpose , or of giving them or it a particular status
a thing that is sure to happen or be successful
showing great satisfaction or joy about a victory or success
happening late at night ; available after other things finish
in the direction of sth ; towards sth
the type of computer system or the software that is used
a person 's basic beliefs or feelings about a particular subject
the act , process or skill of telling a story
physical activity between two people in which they touch each other 's sexual organs , and which may include sexual intercourse
to be unable to speak normally especially because of strong emotion ; to make sb feel too emotional to speak normally
covered with blood
the way in which a particular aspect of life or society is influenced by geography or varies according to geography
not made smaller ; of the usual size
a street musician who plays several instruments at the same time
a person who decides on the punishment for sb who is guilty of a crime
to treat a person or an animal in a cruel or violent way , especially sexually
a thing that makes sth definite
a person 's turn to move or play in a game or an activity
done exactly how it should be done
the smallest that is possible or allowed ; extremely small
to discover or prove the facts of a situation
to move or pass very quickly
to break sth suddenly with a sharp noise ; to be broken in this way
an official group of people who have joined together for a particular purpose
a word used to address a young woman , or your wife , husband or lover , usually expressing affection but sometimes considered offensive if used by a man to a woman he does not know
a worry or fear about sth
a thing that you are given because you have done sth good , worked hard , etc .
used to ask about sb 's health
used as a word for ‘ father ’ , especially as a form of address
behaving in a different way from other similar people or things , often causing damage
causing damage ; having a bad effect on sb / sth
to arrange for an event , etc. to take place at a later time or date
an act of removing part of a film / movie , play , piece of writing , etc .
not the same as sb / sth ; not like sb / sth else
if sth is predictable , you know in advance that it will happen or what it will be like
to decide to deal with sth later or to forget it
modern ; fashionable
to move in a particular direction
slightly crazy ; not like other people
to take hold of sb / sth and move them / it to a different position
the abbreviation for overhead projector
tending to be careful about what or who you choose
a great performer , especially a musician
( used in written addresses ) Street
a formal request to a court or to sb in authority for a judgement or a decision to be changed
used to say that sth is not important or of no interest or value to you / sb
using threats or violence in order to make people do what you want
without any lumps
a decision that a husband and wife make to live apart while they are still legally married
the qualities that make sb / sth different from other people or things
a building or group of buildings where electricity is produced
a thing that will continue to remind people of sb / sth
to cook sth
to be successful
useful rather than fashionable
the study of engineering as a subject
believing or accepting that sth is true
without stopping or changing direction
with great force
the basic structure of a society , an organization , etc. that enables it to function successfully
to be able to be multiplied to give another number
the part around the neck of a shirt , jacket or coat that usually folds down
thinking about what is good in a situation ; feeling confident and sure that sth good will happen
to be sold
a pale delicate colour
showing an honest mind or attitude
the aesthetic qualities and ideas of sth
to go from place to place enjoying yourself
to say that a player or the ball is in a particular position
at or to a greater distance
if a plane crash-lands or a pilot crash-lands it , the pilot lands it roughly in an emergency , usually because it is damaged and cannot land normally
without a quality that you would expect to be there
clothes , particularly those worn on a formal occasion
very easily offended
having put everything you need into cases , boxes , etc. before you go somewhere
at the time you are speaking or writing ; now
not very good at sth ; not able to do things well
a series of performances of a play or film / movie
coming from , found in or typical of the tropics
carefully ; exactly
used instead of ‘ whoever ’ as the object of a verb or preposition
proprietary ( used in the names of some companies in Australia and South Africa )
not having sex
quickly and without difficulty
a public place where people went in the past to wash or have a bath
an interesting or unusual person
1 000 000 000 ; one thousand million
a level of skill or intelligence
used to say what sth is made of
difficult to understand
the state of being naked
an end to a disagreement and the start of a good relationship again
used to say that sb / sth is ahead of sb / sth in an order or arrangement
to move sth with a lever
to come to the surface again after being underwater or under the ground
used to introduce a fact or an opinion that contrasts with what you have just said
not harmed , damaged , lost , etc .
an act of trying to do sth
a large container , usually with a lid , for storing things in
to allow sb to leave ; to say in a polite way that you are leaving
to eat only or a lot of a particular type of food
beautiful ; attractive
( especially in Scottish place names ) a narrow strip of the sea that runs a long way into the land , or a part of a river where it flows into the sea
with rough , pointed , often sharp edges
done with skill and imagination ; attractive or beautiful
reacting quickly or more than usual to sth
if sth is under sb 's nose , it is very close to them but they cannot see it
connected with work or travel on the sea / ocean
to separate from other people in a group , to cover a larger area
people who are handicapped
to find or discover sth by chance or after searching for it
to cover a metal with a thin layer of another metal , especially gold or silver
with runners , teams , etc. that seem to be equally good
physical exercises in which the muscles work against each other or against a fixed object
to limit the amount of money that can be charged for sth or spent on sth
happening or following one after the other regularly
without much contact with other people
to earn or gain money
to a point during a period of time
if you prove sth to sb 's satisfaction , they believe or accept it
used with some nouns in connection with the fostering of a child
the tongue of some animals , cooked and eaten
a gold or red colour
a religious leader in any religion
containing clay ; like clay
produced by breeding among closely related members of a group of animals , people or plants
using or containing solid semiconductors
the place where sb lives
to put sth around the edge of sth
used to make a polite request or give an order
a number of drops of a liquid or small amounts of sth that hit a surface ; the noise this makes
if you buy cooked food to go in a restaurant or shop / store , you buy it to take away and eat somewhere else
the act or process of achieving sth
a strong unreasonable fear or hatred of a particular thing
the quality of being poisonous ; the extent to which sth is poisonous
a substance or an object that is solid , not a liquid or a gas
a fixed form of words that you can say when you speak to God
to return sth to its usual place or to the place where it was before it was moved
an early stage of the development of sth
not clearly stated or defined
a low noise made by sth moving around
full of sth
an event or a series of events organized by students each year to raise money for charity
one of five equal groups into which a set of things can be divided according to the distribution of a particular variable
used to show that you think that sb / sth is extremely annoying
to show a particular weight , pressure , etc .
to think it is important to do sth
a popular style of clothes , hair , etc. at a particular time or place ; the state of being popular
causing great interest or excitement
a type of strong cotton cloth that is usually blue and is used for making clothes , especially jeans
exercises to make your heart work harder , that you do to keep yourself fit
used to show the measurements of sth
the act of speaking to sb on the telephone
likely to make you believe sth that is not true
to become or make sth become brighter or lighter in colour
to decide and state officially in court that sb is not guilty of a crime
the opinion that people have of you , particularly of whether you can be trusted or relied on
a long curved part of a coast or river
connected with plants that have soft stems
a large round container with a small opening and a handle , for holding liquids
a short time or distance
tending to show chemical change when mixed with another substance
an animal , a bird , etc. that is hunted , killed and eaten by another
to admit , especially formally or to the police , that you have done sth wrong or illegal
a swimming costume , especially a style of tight trunks for men and boys
to make sth begin
a machine used for making air or water warmer
the crime of doing sth that could cause danger to your country , such as helping its enemies during a war
a place where there is confusion and noise
done too quickly because you do not have enough time
the act of giving up an idea or stopping an activity with no intention of returning to it
furthest back
an order or a rule that you must obey
a thing or a building shaped like a dome
done or happening whenever sb asks
a situation that must happen and that cannot be avoided
to say or write sth in support of sb / sth that has been criticized
a film / movie , play , piece of music , etc. that is based on a particular piece of work but is in a different form , style or language
a ho use , car , or piece of equipment that you can rent
to get rid of sth that is bad , unpleasant or dangerous , especially by using force or a lot of effort
violent aggressive behaviour
a state like sleep caused by injury or illness , when you are unable to use your senses
permission to use sth without restriction
an act or a statement that may offend or annoy sb , especially because it is done without permission or does not show respect
a song that has a special importance for a country , an organization or a particular group of people , and is sung on special occasions
the act of using a comb on your hair
used to say that you think that sth you have achieved may not be worth all the problems and difficulties it causes
that can be exchanged , especially without affecting the way in which sth works
an extra period of time allowed for sth
very popular or important now
used to show purpose or function
an attractive or useful quality
not faithful
having the job or duty of doing sth or taking care of sb / sth , so that you may be blamed if sth goes wrong
used to emphasize any part of a sentence
to manage to rescue sth from a difficult situation ; to stop a bad situation from being a complete failure
lasting longer than expected or longer than usual
something of very low quality ; the least valuable part of sth
to find sth that has been hidden or forgotten for a long time
happy because of sth good you have done or sth bad that has happened to sb else
to push , pull or handle sb roughly
making you feel pleasantly cool
the act of paying to use sth for a short time
a person 's ancestors ( = people who are related to you who lived in the past )
a very difficult time in sb 's life or career
to become lyrical , etc. when speaking or writing
having a square shape
to arrive ; to be ready soon
to produce again a play , etc. that has not been performed for some time
to be an example of a quality or characteristic , or to have a lot of it
very impressive in size or quality
not lucky and likely to bring unhappiness or to end in failure
simple and plain ; without any decorations
an underground room often used for storing things
a change from one system , or method of working to another
to keep away from sb / sth ; to try not to do sth
a person who is visiting a place for a short time for pleasure
a fixed idea or image that many people have of a particular type of person or thing , but which is often not true in reality
used to tell sb that you think that sth bad has happened or is true
a temporary store for military supplies
an act of increasing or making sth increase in size , amount or importance
the state of not being dangerous
to fasten sth or be fastened with a buckle
the punishment of being kept at school for a time after other students have gone home
happy ; not anxious
to spread out in all directions from a central point
a country , a city or an organization that holds and arranges a special event
to get information or a skill by chance rather than by making a deliberate effort
to defeat sb very easily in a game
difficult to stay or live in , especially because there is no shelter from the weather
to produce a book , magazine , CD-ROM , etc. and sell it to the public
a mixed collection of things
moving in a controlled , attractive way or having a smooth , attractive form
to talk about sth publicly in a proud or enthusiastic way
practical or financial help that is provided , often by the government , for people or animals that need it
a person who gives private lessons to sb , often to prepare them for an exam
to not get involved in sth
an election in which one person or party gets very many more votes than the other people or parties
covered with pebbles
bought from a shop / store and not made at home
managed by a particular group , or in a particular way
( especially for sizes of clothes ) medium
a shop / store that sells a particular type of goods
the hard wood of the oak tree
to make two or more things overlap
if a ship docks or you dock a ship , it sails into a harbour and stays there
to influence sb so that they are likely to think or behave in a particular way
to wrap or cover sb / sth in sth
clever and skilful
if part of your body burns or is burning , it feels very hot and painful
to hide your feelings
to make sb have a particular feeling or imagine a particular scene
a small piece of cloth used for washing yourself
an advantage ; a good thing
to make you feel very sad
the use of legal authority to take sth from sb ; an amount of sth that is taken in this way
the time when sth important happens
the fact of doing or saying sth in a way that creates a good impression but does not show the real facts
destroyed or severely damaged
containing photographs of naked or nearly naked women , that are intended to make men sexually excited
the part that sb has in a particular activity that involves several people
an employee whose work is the responsibility of a particular manager
a taste found in some foods that is neither sweet , sour , bitter nor salty
not used or owned by anyone before
to be good , important , etc. enough to be treated in a particular way
the unit of money in the US , Canada , Australia and several other countries
used when you subtract ( = take away ) one number or thing from another one
using power without restriction and without considering other people
an exciting or uncomfortable feeling of emotion
a woman who is sexually attracted to other women
not real or sincere
at or to a higher place
a person or an animal that runs , especially one taking part in a race
to know or say what will happen in the future , especially by using magic powers
connected with a person 's body
to pretend by your behaviour to be a particular type of person
to criticize sb severely
to try to persuade people that sb / sth is important or valuable by praising them / it
a piece of equipment producing a spray of water that you stand under to wash yourself ; the small room or part of a room that contains a shower
a long thin line of sth
a small flat sweet cake for one person , usually baked until crisp
when the wind or a current of air blows , it is moving ; when it blows , the wind is blowing
to turn sb / sth upside down
the quality of being final and impossible to change
a duty to help or take care of sb because of your job , position , etc .
to take sb into a hospital again after they had been allowed to leave
a person that sb spends a lot of time with
new and intended to be different from traditional styles
to educate and improve a person or a society ; to make sb 's behaviour or manners better
having a natural ability to do sth well
to express or state sth in a particular way
expected to happen soon
to go somewhere and stand or sit there , especially to wait for sth ; to send sb somewhere to do this
having the ability to do things well
not clear because of fog
the activity of standing outside the entrance to a building in order to protest about sth and stop people from entering the building
a violent person , especially a criminal
having no unusual or interesting features
very interested in learning about many different things
an occasion when there is a lot of activity , interest , excitement , etc. within a short period of time
not severe or strong
a television station
the person who is expected by most people to get a particular job or position
a very small town located in a country area
from an animal that has been killed according to Muslim law
to improve your behaviour ; to make sb do this
to mix two or more things together or to be mixed , when it is impossible for the things to be separated afterwards
connected with the way people or things seem to be rather than with what is actually true
used to describe a person , a team , a horse , etc. finishing in a particular position in a race
oldest
a substance that is naturally present in the earth and is not formed from animal or vegetable matter , for example gold and salt . Some minerals are also present in food and drink and in the human body and are essential for good health .
used for attracting sb 's attention or for making a suggestion or comment
the fact of having to , or being able to , use sth that can provide help in a difficult situation
to go for a long walk in the country , especially for pleasure
a common illness that affects the nose and / or throat , making you cough , sneeze , etc .
to be higher than a particular amount
( in the police force ) Superintendent
to add a small amount of a particular emotion or quality to sth
a thing that is very nice to eat
to give an explanation of the nature of an illness or a problem that is not correct
connected with riding horses , especially as a sport
despite what has just been said
no longer friendly , loyal or in contact with sb
that cannot be proved wrong and that must therefore be accepted
a serious condition caused by a blood clot ( = a thick mass of blood ) forming in a vein
to make a formal offer to supply goods or do work at a stated price
to teach people to behave in ways that are acceptable to their society
to go somewhere quickly without order or control
a title of respect used when talking to or about a judge or a US mayor
to make changes to sth to make it slightly different
to make a hole in sth or knock sth out by hitting it very hard
belonging to the middle class
a small amount of a particular experience or situation that shows you what it will be like when the same thing happens on a larger scale in the future
to ignore sb completely
the education you receive at school
a sudden strong movement
to agree to a request , an idea or a suggestion
a book of stories for children
making you feel the need to sleep or rest
having a direct effect
to a greater degree or extent
a car , boat , etc. designed for racing
used to talk about sb and to emphasize an opinion that you have of them
too emotional in a way that seems exaggerated
very great or very strong ; so powerful that you cannot resist it or decide how to react
a frontal attack or a criticism is very strong and direct
not in an official position in the Church
a long and angry speech or piece of writing attacking and criticizing sb / sth
having a lot of influence on sb / sth
a person who sends sth
to make a substance contain harmful bacteria that can spread disease
the act of making a contract , etc. valid for a further period of time after it has finished
connected with running a race over a distance that is neither very short nor very long
in a beautiful or impressive way
the organization that provides services in a city or county , for example education , houses , libraries , etc .
a place where orders are given or where checks are made ; the people who work in this place
used when you are not sure about sth
the fact of a situation being unfair and of people not being treated equally ; an unfair act or an example of unfair treatment
used to talk about the distance that sth measures from the bottom to the top
a type of lawyer who represents the gove rnment ( = a King 's / Queen 's counsel )
connected with the place where you live
not connected to its power supply by wires
used after an amount of money to show that it is the highest possible
an area of land around a large river with streams running down into it
a person who is travelling in a car , bus , train , plane or ship and who is not driving it or working on it
a restaurant serving grilled food
to obtain as much money , advantage , etc. for yourself as you can from a particular situation , especially in a dishonest way
a drink made with fruit juice , sugar and water
to take liquid , air , etc. out of sth
the physical situation that affects how sth happens
used to show that sb / sth was not willing or refused to do sth
to think about sb with respect , especially when saying a prayer
covering the whole of sth
unable to protect yourself from being harmed , criticized , etc .
if a team or team member is out , it is no longer their turn with the bat
the right or opportunity to enter a place
pale and looking ill / sick
the act of supplying sb with sth that they need or want ; sth that is supplied
the beliefs and attitudes about sth that people in a particular group or organization share
not aware of what you are doing or of the situation you are involved in
a path that is made for people to walk along , especially in the country
unpleasant or difficult to deal with
used as a polite word for ‘ old ’
suitable or right for the occasion
an area of land or water where races are held
amusing and making you laugh
a deep unconscious state , usually lasting a long time and caused by serious illness or injury
not aware of a situation or of sth that might happen
used with plural nouns to mean ‘ the two ’ or ‘ the one as well as the other ’
used in exclamations to express surprise , etc .
that you get only after a lot of work and effort
a cassette that contains sounds , or sounds and pictures , that have been recorded
a person who finds an answer to a problem or a difficult situation
a person or an organization that provides sth for people to rent
to get an illness
a series of letters , numbers or symbols that represent a rule or law
unacceptable ; deserving blame or criticism
to rub sth such as a match against a surface so that it produces a flame ; to produce a flame when rubbed against a rough surface
used to say that sth happens or exists
attractive , with large strong features rather than small delicate ones
to write details of a driving offence on sb 's driving licence
to remain alive
having a close and friendly relationship
a person who writes the words and usually also the music for songs
to prevent the development or progress of sb / sth
whose name is not given or not known
an underground train system , especially the one in Paris
to feel confused and / or as if everything is spinning around
a piece of writing that you have to answer questions about in an exam or a lesson
a small part on a piece of equipment or furniture
to give a decision in court
the pop song or record that has sold the most copies in a particular week
to fold sth into a shape that uses less space ; to be able to be folded in this way
the work of a teacher
the brightest light that a vehicle 's headlights can give , usually used when there are no street lights and no other traffic
used to say that you / sb did sth very recently
( in writing ) part-time
exactly or directly in a place
to bet money on a horse in a race , a team in a competition , etc .
extremely large in size or amount in a way that most people find unacceptable and offensive
happening once every two years
all the people working on a ship , plane , etc .
the time during which a doctor , dentist or vet is available to see patients
in a way that is easy to understand
to fall or hit sth with a low dull sound
for the stated length of time , without stopping
known about by only a few people ; kept hidden from others
the state of being equal , especially the state of having equal pay or status
the act or skill of dealing with people or situations in a successful way
one thing on a list of things to buy , do , talk about , etc .
the way in which a dress , piece of cloth , etc. falls or moves
to force sb to leave a place
a short break in a trial in court
including a large number or variety of different people or things ; covering a large area
a person whose job is to serve customers at their tables in a restaurant , etc .
a brittle mood or state of mind is one that appears to be happy or strong but is actually nervous and easily damaged
the fact of sb / sth not existing or not being available ; a lack of sth
having or bringing an advantage , an opportunity , a piece of good luck , etc .
to start a process or series of events
to say ‘ good morning ’ , etc. to sb
to dismiss sb from their position or job
the final year of school
used to describe how sb appears or seems
Honorary ( used in official titles of jobs )
to provide information or evidence to prove that sth is true
to remove sb from their job
to have lines that end with the same sound
to try all possible ways of gaining an advantage over other people
a shot that sb fires without aiming carefully
to kill sb , especially an enemy or opponent
seeming very impressive but too large , complicated , expensive , etc. to be practical or possible
concerning ; in the case of
a large number of people in a house
used to introduce a statement about sth that is more serious or unpleasant than things already mentioned
trained to jump out of aircraft onto enemy land in order to fight
a natural satellite that moves around a planet other than the earth
a way of referring to the British Government
the process of voting at an election ; the process of counting the votes
the decision to start using sth such as an idea , a plan or a name
to gradually make sb feel , think or behave in a particular way over a period of time
that travels , works or happens very fast
to increase the amount of money that is used in a country , usually in order to increase the demand for goods
to pull or twist sth suddenly
done or given immediately and confidently
to give a particular quality to an event , a situation , etc .
pity that sb shows towards an enemy or opponent who is in their power
extremely thorough ; done with a lot of care
a court in the past which travelled to each county of England and Wales
the sound that a bell makes ; the act of ringing a bell
a loud short piece of music , that is usually played to announce an important person or event
a belief or an idea that is not based on correct information , or that is not understood by people
to speak in a weak or complaining voice
connected with astronomy
the work of repairing and cleaning an old building , a painting , etc. so that its condition is as good as it originally was
that allows sth to be pushed into or through it ; that can have a way made through it
the fact of a country reducing the size of its armed forces or the number of weapons , especially nuclear weapons , that it has
a large number of people or things
to trick sb into doing sth , especially by being nice to them
that you can trust not to change or to disappear
to react quickly or in the correct way to sth / sb
similar to soup
scientific knowledge used in practical ways in industry , for example in designing new machines
used for referring to sb / sth that has already been mentioned or is already known about
used to show that you accept an offer
used for talking to or talking about other male members of an organization or other men who have the same ideas , purpose , etc. as yourself
East ; Eastern
that is told to the public but may not be true
showing or expressing sarcasm
to examine sb 's clothes , their pockets , etc. in order to find sth that they may be hiding
during a period of time
to design and make sth to a particular standard
to respect sb for what they are or for what they have done
in your mind ; secretly
a bus , train , etc. that goes regularly to a particular place at a particular time
that cannot b e found or brought back
gold or silver in large amounts or in the form of bars
to be much better than others in ability , quality , etc .
not marked with lines
in , at or to a place that you do not know or do not mention by name
not caring too much about discipline or making people follow rules
the business of managing or working on a farm
a competition for young women in which their beauty , personal qualities and skills are judged
a part of a magazine , newspaper , etc. that can be taken out easily and kept separately
to stop living
at the end ; after all the other things that you have mentioned
a person who takes messages between one person or group and another
a way of expressing yourself or of saying sth
a situation in which there is an angry disagreement between people or groups who have different opinions
to create or prepare sth by combining materials or putting parts together
a large pile of earth or stones ; a small hill
the total number of people voting ‘ no ’ in a formal debate , for example in a parliament
quickly and unexpectedly
to feel and show sadness because sb has died ; to feel sad because sth no longer exists or is no longer the same
a small machine that has a particular purpose or is part of a larger machine
lasting for a whole day
to fix or keep prices , wages , etc. at a particular level
not high or tall ; not far above the ground
the job or skill of caring for people who are sick or injured
very , extremely
the small but important details or aspects of sth
a person who plays a musical instrument or writes music , especially as a job
to put information in the appropriate places on a cheque or other form
to make a long deep sou nd , especially while hunting
any material that produces heat or power , usually when it is burnt
connected with caring for the health of animals
to try to cause arguments or problems
thinking about a past event or situation , often with a different opinion of it from the one you had at the time
showing a dark colour
to make a movement , usually with your hand or head to show sb what you want them to do
of high quality ; expensive and / or fashionable
likely to make money for sb
the state of having more than one possible meaning
the act of detaching sth ; the process of being detached from sth
spread over a wide area
a long thin mark on a surface
a group of people discussing sth in a formal debate
a movement that you make with your hands , your head or your face to show a particular meaning
a person who is able to control sth
to arrange or influence sth in a dishonest way in order to get the result that you want
to remove sb / sth that you do not want from a large number of people or things using a special system , device , etc .
having a desire to cause pain and suffering
to deal successfully with sth difficult
a short , low sound made by a person or an animal ( especially a pig )
to move using your legs , going faster than when you walk
a person who has not been accepted as a member of a team , society , etc .
people who are blind
used to describe the fact that sb / sth has a particular job or function
a surface that you put your foot on in order to walk to a higher or lower level , especially one of a series
a group or an organization that has a lot of power
the skin and fur of a bear
the person in charge of a school or college
when you digest food , or it digests , it is changed into substances that your body can use
to make sth more difficult to do , understand or deal with
to steal things from a place , especially using force during a time of war
very hot or dry
to make a copy of sth in order to form another of the same kind
to see or notice sb / sth
very large ; much bigger than average in size or quantity
very basic
an idea or a feature that is part of sth greater ; an idea that connects the different parts of sth
an event , a discovery , an invention , etc. that marks an important stage in sth
to put cows , sheep , etc. in a field so that they can eat the grass there
that can go very fast or do complicated things
obtained by using your feelings rather than by considering the facts
to restrict sb 's freedom
to take an active part in sth
a person or product from the same organization as another person or product
the rise and fall of the voice in speaking
to make sth look brighter and happier
the fact of having been chosen by election
a system of connected organs or tissues along which materials or messages pass
not the usual size , type , etc .
to recognize or show that two things are not the same
the situation in which people have work
used to refuse an offer or invitation , especially one that you think is unreasonable or not very good
a person or an organization that you know and that can help or advise you in your social or professional life
a person or thing that causes sth , especially a problem
the act of ending sb 's work contract
happening slowly over a long period ; not sudden
to mix liquids , eggs , etc. into a stiff light mass , using a fork or special tool
something you say or do in order to protect yourself when you are being attacked , criticized , etc .
a person who creates works of art , especially paintings or drawings
a substance used as a medicine or used in a medicine
intended to last for only a short time until sb / sth more permanent is found
to stop worrying or thinking about problems and start to relax
to run faster or further than sb / sth
to fail to give a person or an animal enough care or affection
intended to be used by only one person
to be a lawyer in a court case for a person or an organization that is charging sb with a crime
a legal document that you sign , especially one that proves that you own a house or a building
to have seen , heard or experienced sth
the sound that people make when they want sb to repeat sth
the act of choosing when sth happens ; a particular point or period of time when sth happens or is planned
not completely in control of your thoughts or movements ; slightly faint
the power of a computer screen , printer , etc. to give a clear image , depending on the size of the dots that make up the image
to give a spoken description of an event as it happens , especially on television or radio
the process or method of building or making sth , especially roads , buildings , bridges , etc .
to feel an emotion strongly
happening or existing outside or separate from a place , an organization , etc .
to make sb feel upset and angry , especially because sth is unfair
neat and fashionable
an untidy place
something that you do or say to sb when they arrive , especially sth that makes them feel you are happy to see them
over the whole of a country
something that you think is more important than other things and should be dealt with first
to collect sth from a place
to become gradually weaker or less important
to keep increasing in quantity until there is a large pile , a long line , etc .
a large formal social gathering at which dinner is eaten
a long thin piece of sth
limited to a particular group of people ; not open to everyone
giving help or support to the main group of workers
a fixed quantity , etc. that is used as a standard measurement
not expected
great suffering of the mind or body
a small amount of liquid or light lying on a surface
to formally invite or ask sb to speak , etc .
a hot dish of different types of meat and vegetables that have been grilled
to make sth such as your hair or face neat and attractive
the feeling that sb / sth is good or acceptable ; a positive opinion of sb / sth
when you tell sb to do sth without fail , you are telling them that they must do it
to move or be moved so that it is no longer closed
a main point in the policy of an organization , especially a political party
a very large animal with thick grey skin , large ears , two curved outer teeth called tusks and a long nose called a trunk . There are two types of elephant , the African and the Asian .
to decrease suddenly in amount or valu e
a large area of land where there are very few people , animals or plants
to write sth using a computer or typewriter
something you think is of poor quality
to make a tape , CD , DVD , etc. begin to play
light loose trousers / pants that are tight around the ankles , sometimes worn by S Asian women
a result of a search on a computer , for example on the Internet
the people who plan , organize and run a business , an institution , etc .
exciting events
a sudden strong expression of emotion
a small green or purple fruit that grows in bunches on a climbing plant ( called a vine ) . Wine is made from grapes .
to own , hold or possess sth
to prevent sb from making progress in an activity
used to tell sb sth , especially when you are disagreeing with them or annoyed by what they have said
behaving in an unfair or aggressive way , especially because you want to win
used with plural nouns and a plural verb to mean ‘ a small number ’ , ‘ some ’
a person who is unable to stop taking harmful drugs
to make a short high electronic sound
a thing that is similar to sth else , but is not exactly the same
an area of land , especially a large one
a person , usually a man , who is sexually attracted to people of the same sex
something that is suggested or indirectly stated ( = sth that is implied )
powerful and made with a lot of force
not later than the time mentioned ; before
to make sth smaller become part of sth larger
to allow sb to leave prison or somewhere they have been kept against their will
to put a special substance on sth , especially cloth , to protect it against water , fire , etc .
a piece of information given in advance of sth or as advice
an answer that shows you do not agree with an idea , a statement , etc ; a person who says ‘ no ’
connected with music ; containing music
to enter a place , usually using force , and steal from it
a small thin piece of slate , used for covering roofs
to take a piece of sb 's skin between your thumb and first finger and squeeze hard , especially to hurt the person
to make sb notice sth and pay attention to it
the hard substance that bones are made of
a university course that is of a higher level than a basic course ( in the US also used to describe a class in school which is at a higher level than other classes )
pleasant and comfortable , like home
a person or thing that causes , or may cause , serious damage , harm or danger
based on only two numbers ; consisting of two parts
to happen at a time or in a place
to decide , judge or order sth officially
made by calling the operator ( = a person who wo rks at a telephone exchange ) and asking to speak to a particular person . If that person is not available , the call does not have to be paid for .
a small metal , plastic or rubber object that is shaped like a nipple with a small hole in the end , especially one that is used as part of a machine to direct oil , etc. into a particular place
to say sth suddenly and loudly , especially because of strong emotion or pain
courage or confidence , for example to do sth that is dangerous or unpleasant
a quick movement of sth down and up
in first place in a race or competition
something unfair or disappointing
easy and convenient , but not always honest or right
a red or pink colour in sb 's face , especially when it shows that they look healthy or that they are embarrassed
the government and government departments
to give sb food or drink , for example at a restaurant or during a meal
that you have had a long time and have always been able to rely on
to take liquid , air , etc. into your mouth by using the muscles of your lips
the rate at which employees leave a company and are replaced by other people
to buy cooked food at a restaurant and carry it away to eat , for example at home
to shout at or speak angrily to sb
not controlled ; not having been restrained
the way in which two things are joined together
a signal or message that a ship or plane sends when it needs urgent help
to disappear suddenly and / or in a way that you cannot explain
too worried about what you eat , wear , etc ; disliking many things
a situation that must exist in order for sth else to happen
a place where planes land and take off and that has buildings for passengers to wait in
too strong and bright ; ugly or unpleasant to look at
to ask sb to marry you
a person or thing that makes progress difficult
not having or showing any emotion
to become straight , or to make sth become straight , after being in a curled position
a soft hat that fits closely and is worn for a particular purpose
of extremely good quality
a number of people or animals moving in a line
likely to change ; not fixed
all of Europe except for Britain
not having completely clear images because they look as if they are made of a lot of small dots and marks
to make a computer keep work , for example by putting it on a disk
a large meal at which people eat too much
the regular beat of blood as it is sent around the body , that can be felt in different places , especially on the inside part of the wrist ; the number of times the blood beats in a minute
to add up the numbers of sth / sb and get a total
used to say that sth seems unlikely
a person 's behaviour in a particular place or in a particular situation
offensive and not appropriate
a round citrus fruit with thick reddish-yellow skin and a lot of sweet juice
the activity of managing money , especially by a government or commercial organization
to count sth again , especially votes
the work or jobs that you have done in your life so far
to enter an area of bad weather while travelling
to keep following sb and not leave them alone , especially in order to get sth from them or ask them questions
to control the way you behave and make yourself do things that you believe you should do
containing flint
to interrupt sth so that it ends suddenly
a small piece of sweet food , usually made with sugar and / or chocolate and eaten between meals
showing that you want people to help you or to show you pity or sympathy
a service providing written news and information using television
used before a particular amount that must be taken away from the amount just mentioned
no longer interested in or enthusiastic about sth
giving the true facts about sth
attracting your attention because it is special , exciting or unusual
used when making a rough estimate
a mass of cells growing in or on a part of the body where they should not , usually causing medical problems
a special occasion held to celebrate sth
the space above the earth that you can see when you look up , where clouds and the sun , moon and stars appear
the attitudes and behaviour of people who are snobs
to make sth different to suit the needs of a particular person , place , etc .
a hard white shiny substance made by baking clay and used for making delicate cups , plates and decorative objects ; objects that are made of this
used to show a slight possibility that sth is true or will happen
to spend time or money in a careless rather than a useful way
in a way that is easily noticeable
to attack sb / sth by leaving a bomb in a place or by dropping bombs from a plane
to achieve a high position , especially to become king or queen
in the middle of a period of time ; between two places
a person who is typical of a particular group
important as a sign or a warning of sth that is going to happen in the future , especially when it is sth unpleasant
to make a material into a particular shape or form by pressing , stretching , hitting it , etc .
forming or belonging to a bottom layer or base
a small amount of liquid that you add to a drink
facing the speaker or sb / sth that has been mentioned
when smoke , fog , etc. clears , it disappears so that it is easier to see things
used when you are repeating a question that sb has just asked and showing that you do not know the answer
one stage of a game of cards
a sudden strong feeling or reaction that lasts for a short time
a man , especially one of a particular type
dead . People say ‘ departed ’ to avoid saying ‘ dead ’ .
suitable or appropriate
a building or place that has been made stronger and protected against attack
a strong desire to do sth , especially sth that is wrong , silly or dangerous
connected with the sport of skiing
intending to do what is right and helpful but often not succeeding
to surprise and impress sb very much
to accept or admit sth ; to agree that sth is true or correct
expressing opinions or desires strongly and with confidence , so that people take notice
to become very weak
to fall or hang in large amounts
an occasion when a player or players run towards a player on the other team who has the ball
to fill your time or keep you busy doing sth
loose earth or soil
finding it easier to use the left hand to write , hit a ball , etc. than the right
to spread sth , or different parts of sth , over an area
continuous movement and change
not sold or changed into the form of money
the outer edge of an area or a group
a person who is clever and able to get what they want by influencing or tricking other people
to give special attention to a problem , situation , etc. so that people notice it
a lack of care , interest or worry about sth that other people would care about
a person who is very skilled at sth or who has gained a lot of knowledge about a particular subject
to make sb good at cooking , caring for a house , etc ; to make sb enjoy home life
a description of the main facts or points involved in sth
a situation in which a person is shot with a gun
to keep changing from one extreme of feeling or behaviour to another , and back again
informal and relaxed
no longer fresh ; smelling unpleasant
not genuine but intended to seem real
too interested or excited
used to show that sth comes from or is obtained from sth / sb
to cut sth with scissors or shears , in order to make it shorter or neater ; to remove sth from somewhere by cutting it off
to increase sth in strength , especially sound
something that you cannot see clearly
part of a film showing a particular event
to make sb so tired or impatient that they cannot do any more
a place where a doctor sees patients
to continue doing sth in difficult circumstances
to look or behave like an older member of your family , especially your mother or father
a person who supports the principles and aims of the European Union
a weak point in a system , sb 's character , etc .
the act of putting your possessions , clothes , etc. into bags or boxes in order to take or send them somewhere
to think again about an idea , a course of action , etc , especially in order to change it
nonsense
a leader who people believe will solve the problems of a country or the world
a living thing , too small to be seen without a microscope , that causes infectious disease in people , animals and plants
the act of paying sb / sth or of being paid
a sudden shaking movement of the body that cannot be controlled
the organs in and around the stomach , especially in an animal
still needing to be done or dealt with
not allowed to be discussed
a supporting actor in a play or film / movie has an important part but not the leading one
almost asleep
to cover or mark sth with small areas of a particular colour or with small pieces of sth
a person , situation or thing that makes you very afraid
to move quickly from one scene to another
affecting you very strongly , especially in a way that causes you pain
showing clear evidence that a particular substance or medical condition is present
two times ; on two occasions
a sudden increase in speed , effort , activity or emotion for a short period of time
cruel , severe and unkind
to breathe air in through your nose in a way that makes a sound , especially when you are crying , have a cold , etc .
showing no sympathy or affection
a place where you can buy and eat a meal
not exact ; not very careful
a person that you are playing or fighting against in a game , competition , argument , etc .
a soft sweet fruit that is full of small seeds and often eaten dried
to place sth in the correct position again
a car , bicycle , etc. with the number of wheels mentioned
the act of taking sth that belongs to sb else , especially without permission
when it rains , water falls from the sky in drops
a place that offers you the comfortable way of life of a modern society
very much ; very badly
to allow or force sb to retire and to pay them a pension
a group of things of the same type that grow or appear close together
an act of shaving
a false idea or belief , especially about sb or about a situation
an event such as a performance , a dinner , etc , organized in order to raise money for a particular person or charity
located on the inside of a boat , plane or car
not friendly or relaxed
to mention sth as a reason or an example , or in order to support what you are saying
a piece of metal , plastic , etc. on which a door , lid or gate moves freely as it opens or closes
to take a photograph of sb / sth
a sudden failure of sth , such as an institution , a business or a course of action
allowing air to pass through
to put on a piece of clothing , especially with difficulty
an active supporter of a policy or movement , especially one that is trying to change sth
to arrange a piece of music for one or more musical instruments or for voices
done naturally , without being forced or practised
in the part of a theatre , etc. that the public does not usually see
to move , or move sth , over a surface , touching it lightly
type ; kind
a small advertisement or announcement in a newspaper or magazine
a sum of money that sb owes
to make sb worried or anxious
the action of paying back money that you owe
having angles or sharp corners
a small mistake , especially one that is caused by forgetting sth or by being careless
to make a bubbling sound , especially when moving in the direction mentioned
the point at which a person becomes very angry , or a situation is likely to become violent
a type of mint used especially in making sweets / candy and toothpaste
typical of Christmas
the system in which a government or an employer protects the people who are governed or employed by providing them with what they need , but does not give them any responsibility or freedom of choice
involving or caused by physical force that is intended to hurt or kill sb
the buildings of a university or college and the land around them
used in questions to mean ‘ when ’ , expressi ng surprise
making sb look more attractive
to put sth / sb somewhere quickly and suddenly
to like the idea of being sth or to believe , often wrongly , that you are sth
finely chopped pieces of meat , fish , vegetables , etc. that are pressed together into a flat piece , covered with breadcrumbs and cooked
hard work or effort
as well as sth / sb ; and also
allowed to know about sth secret
having very little money ; not having enough money for basic needs
a sweet dish eaten at the end of a meal
a state of balance , especially between opposing forces or influences
a person or team that finishes second in a race or competition ; a person or team that has not finished first but that wins a prize
involving new and interesting ideas which are not yet possible or practical
a very large supermarket or a large shop / store that sells a wide variety of one type of goods
a game played by two teams of 11 players , using a round ball which p layers kick up and down the playing field . Teams try to kick the ball into the other team 's goal .
to free a trade , a business activity , etc. from rules and controls
the power that sb / sth has to make sb / sth behave in a particular way
behaviour that is not honest or morally acceptable
likely to do sth
to train sb , especially a child , to obey particular rules and control the way they behave
used to give more information about sth
used to show that you are sorry that sth is the case and you wish the situation were different
behaviour or an action that is not natural or sincere and that is often intended to impress other people
a disagreement between two countries , often involving military forces
not strong , spicy or bitter
happening every six months ; happening after the first six months of the year
wet and soft , usually in a way that is unpleasant
tending to damage sth gradually
a person who suffers very much because of an illness , problem or situation
something that sb is told to do by sb in authority
a particular way of using words or expressing yourself , for example one used by a particular group
an imaginary line through the centre of an object , around which the object turns
red
to stop doing sth for a while , especially when it is time to eat or have a drink
the quality of using few words when speaking or writing
( in the traditional Indian caste system ) a member of the caste that is considered the lowest and that has the fewest advantages
having a low rank in an organization or a profession
the title of a priest , especially in the Roman Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church
liked or enjoyed by a large number of people
connected with a person 's job or profession
making trouble and complaining
the distance from one end of a swimming pool to the other
to face sb so that they cannot avoid seeing and hearing you , especially in an unfriendly or dangerous situation
having a roof over it
help or advice that is given to sb , especially by sb older or with more experience
the way of writing the sound / m / that people make to show that they are listening to sb or that they agree , they are thinking , they like sth , they are not sure , etc .
very good or enjoyable
to change direction suddenly , especially in order to avoid hitting sb / sth
technology that uses a blue laser ( = a very strong line of light ) to record and play large amounts of high quality data on a type of CD
a set of playing cards given to one player in a game
a name , title or description
in poor condition ; weak and likely to fall down
to fall down and towards the centre
to fill a hole with a substance or piece of material that fits tightly into it
where there are a lot of people who can see and hear you
things that are not necessary but are added to make sth more attr active or interesting
not working correctly ; broken
a place for people to visit , like a museum , with things connected with famous people from a particular sport or activity
if there is a recurrence of sth , it happens again
to disappear
a unit of study at a college or university ( in the US , also at a school ) ; the fact of having successfully completed a unit of study
having the power to put important laws and decisions into effect
that can be dealt with
used to describe the way soldiers attack the enemy , knowing that they too will be killed
designed to improve people 's working conditions and to help them work more efficiently
if a decision or an opinion is unanimous , it is agreed or shared by everyone in a group
to make your ideas , feelings , thoughts , etc. known to other people so that they understand them
your own advantage or pleasure rather than that of other people
used to refer to a person , especially a man , that you are annoyed with or think is unpleasant
full of extreme emotions
not developing , growing or changing
one of the four suits ( = sets ) in a pack / deck of cards . The cards are marked with red diamond shapes .
something you receive as well as your wages for doing a particular job
to suggest an idea or explanation of sth for people to consider
to catch or arrest sb who is doing sth wrong
continuous talk by sb
a person whose strong character makes them noticeable
to become quicker or make sth quicker
the movement of the sea when it rises and falls without the waves breaking
to calculate an amount , a number , etc .
to have sth / sb taken away from you as a result of an accident , getting old , dying , etc .
a strong thin plastic material , used especially for making bags or for wrapping things in
all that there is of sth
given light by lamps ; seen by the light from lamps
a part of sth that has a special surface so that it can be held without the hands slipping
a cup of coffee
pleasantly smooth and soft
to end or cause sth to end before it has been completed , especially because it is likely to fail
a right that sb thinks they have to do sth , without needing to ask anyone else
to change the form of sth
to remove anything that is not true or necessary
a thing that is added to a book , piece of writing , etc ; the act of adding sth
the act of giving encouragement by showing your approval and interest , rather than by giving financial or practical support
to no longer continue to do sth ; to make sb / sth no longer do sth
not together with a particular thing
to take an amount from money that you have saved
related to the earth 's atmosphere
items used in a performance
the ability to think about things in a practical way and make sensible decisions
a solicitor or a defence lawyer
the equipment and systems that keep places clean , especially by removing human waste
to live in a way that is not very comfortable for a short time
the ideas or information contained in a book , speech , painting , etc .
putting a lot of effort into a job and doing it well
to have a lot of sth
a dishonest thing that sb does
not clearly known and suspected of not being honest
to make an official visit to sb , for example to perform checks or give advice
owned by a family
safe and well ; in a calm or happy state
an unpleasant or boring task
involving people competing very hard with each other for sth
related to or adapted for walking
something that consists of two parts
extremely modern and unusual in appearance , as if belonging to a future time
the arrangement by which school students live at their school , going home during the holidays
providing or showing a variety of experience , ability , etc .
making you feel more active and healthy
a state in which sth moves continuously without stopping , or appears to do so
the period of time or the process of giving birth to a baby
a swear word that many people find offensive , used to emphasize a comment or an angry statement
used to emphasize how bad or severe sth is
yes ; all right
the furthest that you can see , where the sky seems to meet the land or the sea
to stay away from school without permission
to write a report of a book , play , film / movie , etc. in which you give your opinion of it
to cover sth or to become covered with a thin white layer of ice
not punished
to do what you have agreed or promised to do
a method or system of organizing or managing sth
the different qualities that combine to form sb 's character or being
the study of the positions of the stars and the movements of the planets in the belief that they influence human affairs
to have a meeting with sb
to bend or stretch under pressure
to give different values to things to show how important you think each of them is compared with the others
to become busy and full of activity
( especially in the Roman Catholic Church ) a ceremony held in memory of the last meal that Christ had with his disciples
to pretend to be sb in order to trick other people
to lose sb by death
an idea or a belief that is based on various pieces of evidence which are not always true
a piece of equipment with a pump that helps sb to breathe by sending air in and out of their lungs
the part of a piece of clothing that covers the waist
an amusing copy of the way a person acts or speaks
very strong thick string made by twisting thinner strings , wires , etc. together
without official permission
a small flying insect with two wings . There are many different types of fly .
existing only in your mind or imagination
a matter or topic that needs to be discussed or dealt with
the fact of being crude ; an example of sth crude
the part of a major road such as a motorway or interstate where vehicles drive fastest
used to describe a university degree of the highest class from a British university
familiar with sth , having read , seen or experienced it
the electrical system of a vehicle that makes the fuel begin to burn to start the engine ; the place in a vehicle where you start this system
to be defeated ; to fail to win a competition , a court case , an argument , etc .
a small , soft ball , usually made of wool , that is used especially for decorating clothes
a person who pretends to have moral standards or opinions that they do not actually have
feeling happy and satisfied that you are doing sth useful with your life
to move , or make sb / sth move , very fast in the direction mentioned
the main subject or course of a student at college or university
away from work or duty
a narrow strip of light
having a strong , bitter smell or taste that is unpleasant
not kind or sympathetic and showing disapproval of sb / sth
very bright ; so strong that you cannot see
a sticky substance that is a mixture of two proteins and is left when starch is removed from flour , especially wheat flour
a series of names , items , figures , etc , especially when they are written or printed
used with measurements and expressions of time , age , etc .
a radio technology that makes it possible for mobile phones / cell phones , computers and other electronic devices to be linked over short distances , without needing to be connected by wires
a small part of a machine that you press to make it work
to move to a higher position or social rank by your own effort
people who are irreconcilable cannot be made to agree
knowledge about and understanding of sth ; the process of understanding sth or making sb understand it
to continue with your opinions or intentions when sb is opposing you and wants you to change
60 minutes ; one of the 24 parts that a day is divided into
a man who is thought to be one of the best in a particular field
a young person below a particular age , rather than an adult
a person who lives in a particular place
the situation that sb is in , especially when it affects what they can and cannot do
connected with the climate of a particular area
clothing , when it is being sold in shops / stores
a machine that plays CDs , etc , sometimes with a radio , that has two separate speakers so that you hear different sounds from each
in order to prevent sth from happening or to reduce the damage caused by sth
sitting on a horse
used especially after ‘ can ’ or ‘ could ’ and before the main verb , to emphasize that it is difficult to do sth
waiting to be decided or settled
to decide the result of a competition ; to be the judge in a competition
the act or process of using numbers to find out an amount
full of lumps ; covered in lumps
in a smooth , regular or equal way
books , magazines , DVDs , etc. that describe or show naked people and sexual acts in order to make people feel sexually excited , especially in a way that many other people find offensive
showing country life or the countryside , especially in a romantic way
the stomach or the area around the stomach
made by a tailor for a particular person
improving only the outside appearance of sth and not its basic character
to remove money from one place and move it to another , especially dishonestly or illegally
a small car , often without a roof or doors , used for a particular purpose
the time of day when the light has almost gone , but it is not yet dark
broken or ruined
to push or force sb / sth into a small space ; to move into a small space with the result that it is full
that involves a lot of worry and anxiety
having strong and unusual qualities
the political and economic theories of Karl Marx ( 1818-83 ) which explain the changes and developments in society as the result of opposition between the social classes
to take part in a noisy and violent fight , usually in a public place
if a flame , etc. blows out , it is put out by the wind , etc .
a connection with sth which affects your attitude to it , especially because you may benefit from it in some way
showing great happiness , love or health
the most respected or most experienced member of a group or profession
the particular qualities or characteristics of sth
to make sth tame or easy to control
to go well for you ; to be in your favour
together , without any difficulties
celebrating sth or marking a special occasion
coming from a family of the same breed that has been officially recorded for a long time and is thought to be of a good quality
pleasant , enjoyable or attractive
the thick end of a weapon or tool
a particular period of history
something that marks the separation between two things or ideas
having large strong muscles
designed to find and destroy computer viruses
to become more friendly and less formal
a Christian saint who is believed to protect a particular place or group of people
harm done to a person 's or an animal 's body , for example in an accident
that most people would think of or agree to
to continue in a difficult situation without complaining , because you realize that you cannot change it
a mild swear word that some people use when they are annoyed , to avoid saying ‘ fucking ’
a small stone
a type of fat produced when oils are changed by a chemical process into solids , for example to make margarine . Trans-fatty acids are believed to encourage the harmful development of cholesterol .
well known for being bad
different ; not connected
having or showing skill in dealing with people in difficult situations
a region that surrounds a planet , especially the earth
without a leader
filled with air
a person who helps or supports sb , usually in their job
to carry sth in a cart or other vehicle
clothes , especially ones that you wear for a particular purpose
at one time ; together
to move suddenly and / or with force over an area or in a particular direction
to take a firm hold of sb / sth
a very small amount or distance
the sport or activity of moving over snow on skis
to tell other people about your ideas , ex periences and feelings
unacceptable behaviour , especially by a professional person
following the customs of countries in western and southern Europe
to aim an attack or a criticism at sb / sth
to take the screws out of sth
a substance used for removing body hair
done to stop sb taking action , especially action that will be harmful to yourself
a period of time
concerned with the body , sex , etc. in an open and direct way that some people find rude or embarrassing
the act of sending sb / sth somewhere
to give all your attention to sth
hair that grows on the chin and cheeks of a man 's face ; similar hair that grows on some animals
the main computer in a network that controls or supplies information to other computers that are connected to it
used to talk about the amount of money that you have to spend
too active , especially so that they imagine things that are not true
the way of writing the sound that people make when they understand or agree with what you have said , when they want you to continue or when they are answering ‘ Yes ’
acting as a weight but not producing movement
to send air , smoke or a particular smell out of your mouth
communication between people on the Internet
very deep ; seeming to have no bottom or limit
to get well again after being ill / sick , hurt , etc .
to make no attempt to do sth or have no chance of doing sth
trying to be impressive in a way that is silly and not natural
an amount of money that a court decides should be paid to sb by the person , company , etc. that has caused them harm or injury
a drug that reduces pain
to behave as if you are not ashamed or embarrassed about sth even though you should be
a blow , especially one that causes slight damage to a car , etc .
popular nightclubs in general and the people who go to them ; an area of a town where there are a lot of nightclubs
on sale at a lower price than normal for a short period of time
extreme
the 13th letter of the English alphabet
to become , or make sth become , twisted or bent out of its natural shape , for example because it has become too hot , too damp , etc .
to accept and be satisfied with sth and not try to have or do sth better
to push sth , usually a sharp object , into sth ; to be pushed into sth
to put sth in a place , especially quickly or carelessly
to shout in a loud and emotional way at sb because you are angry with them
prevented from going somewhere or from working normally by the conditions mentioned
( in some sports ) an act of hitting or throwing the ball to another player in your team
a matter , an event or a situation
the chemical structure and behaviour of a particular substance
a mixture of decayed plants , food , etc. that can be added to soil to help plants grow
a person who gives a talk or makes a speech
to make people think that sb / sth is not as good or as interesting as they really are
to become worse or less successful
to become quieter
ready to travel or go somewhere if a ticket or sth that is needed suddenly becomes available
not having sharp angles or hard edges
unwilling to change your opinions or behaviour
to forget or move away from the purpose or reason for sth
a person 's particular style of writing in this way
a type of radiation that can pass through objects that are not transparent and make it possible to see inside them
a word or words that a particular person , animal , place or thing is known by
used to express wishes and hopes
to bring things together from different people or places
producing a large amount of money ; making a large profit
a game for two people played with 16 balls on a table , often in pubs and bars . Players use cues ( = long sticks ) to try to hit the balls into pockets at the edge of the table .
successful and working well
in the air
to hang down
simply , with nothing to add
existing or available
to operate or be valid for a particular period of time
feeling bitter or angry about sth that you think is unfair
to cut meat , vegetables , etc. into small square pieces
to get sth that you or another person wants by persuading sb or by a clever plan
with matching cupboards and other furniture built for the space and fixed in place
a change in the normal shape of sth as a result of injury or illness
a group of people who work or act together , often for an official purpose , or who are connected in some other way
to make light shine less brightly by spreading it in many directions
the tools or other pieces of equipment that are needed for a particular activity or task
the act of joining or mixing together two or more things to form a single unit
a part of sth , such as a bottle or mountain , that is shaped like a shoulder
an item , for example a piece of information , that is written or printed in a dictionary , an account book , a diary , etc .
a member of a race of Muslim people living in NW Africa who entered and took control of part of Spain in the 8th century
used to tell sb that you do not believe what they have just said
good or nice ; tasting good
getting enjoyment from doing strange or cruel things
extremely bright
a particular subject or activity , or an aspect of it
a person who believes in and follows the teachings of a religious or political leader
fairly young
definite and easy to see or identify
to grow or hang downwards over sth or along the ground ; to move downwards over sth
a type of silk or cotton cloth with a thick soft surface made of a mass of threads
life in towns or cities as opposed to life in the country
a line that divides a shape into two equal parts
supported by sb / sth
young
an amount of sth that sb expects or needs to have or achieve
that you pay or charge sb only as a symbol , because a payment is expected
a type of shoe with a high , thick sole ; the sole on such a shoe
a person who expresses opinions about the good and bad qualities of books , music , etc .
to not be affected or limited by problems , insults , etc .
to advertise that sb / sth will do sth
to laugh at sb and make jokes about them , either in a friendly way or in order to annoy or embarrass them
to go from one place to another with no particular purpose
to fill your time doing an activity or a task
very long and confused
the particular way in which sb chooses to perform a piece of music , a role in a play , etc .
that can be seen or noticed
the head of a government department in some countries
a set of large printed sheets of paper containing news , articles , advertisements , etc. and published every day or every week
to say sth in a low angry voice
including all , or almost all , the items , details , facts , information , etc , that may be concerned
used to show that sb / sth moves or is sent forward
done with , having or involving great knowledge or skill
a short period of very strong feeling
to make the distance or difference between two people or things smaller ; to become smaller or narrower
a building , usually owned by a charity , that provides a place to stay for people without a home , or protection for people or animals who have been badly treated
to fail by trying to achieve more than is possible
a very loud repeated noise , such as the sound of sth hitting sth else hard ; the sound or the feeling of your heart beating strongly
travelling in an aircraft
a mass of soft material , used for blocking sth or keeping sth in place
a person or thing that brings shame on sb / sth
the fact of making sth no longer valid
the sound made by a large bell
a lucky thing that happens that you did not expect or think was possible
great trouble or suffering
a point or limit when you stop sth
something that sb makes at home rather than buying it
to say or write sth as an answer to sb / sth
very thorough and detailed
the most important reason for sb 's / sth 's existence
an official who lives in a foreign country as the senior representative there of his or her own country
the way sb / sth looks ; the appearance of sb / sth
having an important effect on a large part of sth
to remember sth , especially by making an effort to remember it
to speak to sb in order to persuade them to have pity on sb else or to help settle an argument
to have less and less of sth , especially until you no longer have any of it
ended
that can produce sth
a twisted mass of threads , hair , etc. that cannot be easily separated
that can develop into sth or be developed in the future
crazy
to mention or include sb / sth in a list
a long or a particular distance away from a place or from land
an action , an object or a system by which a result is achieved ; a way of achieving or doing sth
having a very pleasant taste or smell
to move suddenly and quickly in a particular direction
willing to take part in a particular activity
in comparison with sb / sth
a picture printed on cardboard or wood , that has been cut up into a lot of small pieces of different shapes that you have to fit together again
a person who works in a profession , especially medicine or law
an offensive way of referring to a woman , especially an unpleasant one
very willing to help
covered with pieces of slate
a scientific rule that sb has stated to explain a natural process
a particular type of person
without a bend or curve ; going in one direction only
the ghost of a person that is seen a short time before or after that person dies
the leg of an animal , especially the top part , cooked and eaten
done or happening every hour
to state officially , especially in writing , that sth is true
to be mixed with hot water and become ready to drink
to separate sth into parts and divide them between different times or different people
good things that happen to you by chance , not because of your own efforts or abilities
to make the development or progress of sth slower
a class at a university or college when a small group of students and a teacher discuss or study a particular topic
the process of producing goods in large quantities
having to do sth because it is your duty
a situation that is difficult and unpleasant because you do not have enough money , food , clothes , etc .
goods that are transported by ships , planes , trains or lorries / trucks ; the system of transporting goods in this way
the cruel killing of large number s of people at one time , especially in a war
to be wise enough or morally good enough not to do sth wrong or not to think the same as other people
in a way that uses the voice
to control or be in charge of a business , a team , an organization , etc .
a very large fire , especially a dangerous one
with nothing added
the title of a member of the clergy that is also sometimes used to talk to or about one
a person riding a motorcycle
not seeming reasonable or likely to be true
a person who is successful in business or industry and has become rich and powerful
the part of a building where discussions or debates are held , especially in a parliament ; the people who attend a discussion or debate
a person or thing that is beautiful
to be filled with sound
bad or criminal behaviour , usually of young people
to remain the same
to make sb fall off a horse or bicycle
a point in time by which sth must be done
strong and easy to see
that you have naturally without having to learn it
close to a particular state
a small amount of paint , used to make a place look better
to travel in an aircraft or a spacecraft
a stage in a process , especially one that involves separating things from a larger group
a lack of the basic things that people need for living
to search through waste for things that can be used or eaten
a hole or a confined space in sth
to make sb who is anxious , upset , etc. feel calmer
a set of methods and principles used to perform a particular activity
a person of a particular character , with particular features , etc .
to put sb in a sitting position
to go along a road , path , etc .
not safe or protected
almost or very nearly the thing described , so that any slight difference is not important
to spoil or damage sth , especially by causing a lot of problems
to concern or relate to sb / sth
to keep sth such as your hair or skin healthy
to accept sb / sth as a guide , a leader or an example ; to copy sb / sth
a sudden drop in the value of sth that cannot be stopped
to join a computer to the Internet or a computer network
a person of great beauty or who shows the quality mentioned
the food served in a restaurant ( usually an expensive one )
under the ground
behaving in a way that is not sensible and is typical of people who are much younger
containing or providing a large supply of sth
to present sth in an emotional way , emphasizing its good aspects and not mentioning its bad aspects
a quality showing the ability to do things in an interesting way that shows imagination
not opposed or stopped by anyone
of a type that the computer cannot recognize
to cause sb / sth to do sth
the amount of sugar that a small spoon can hold or that is contained in a small cube , added to tea , coffee , etc .
to block sth with silt ; to become blocked with silt
a form of sth that is slightly different from an earlier form or from other forms of the same thing
a particular shape formed by lines or surfaces
a small amount of a drug that is breathed in through the nose ; an act of taking a drug in this way
to wrap or cover sb / sth / yourself in sth
carefully guarded
to prepare a piece of writing , a book , etc. to be published by correcting the mistakes , making improvements to it , etc .
according to a fixed plan or pattern
whole or complete
involving a great or complete change
having very strong opinions
if an actor is typecast , he or she is always given the same kind of character to play
the activity of cleaning people 's shoes for money
words per minute
the act of taking or beginning to have power or responsibility
the start of a game of football ( soccer )
the process of choosing a person or a group of people for a position , especially a political position , by voting
to become or make sth become firm , stiff or solid
connected with heaven
a gradual reduction in activity as sth comes to an end
having the type of roof mentioned
a substance that is made stronger because water or other substances have been removed
typical of sth in a fairy tale
doing an activity or training regularly so that you can improve your skill ; the time you spend doing this
involving people who are close together and looking at each other
the top part of a cooker where food is cooked in pans ; a similar surface that is built into a kitchen unit and is separate from the oven
used to show that you are very grateful to sb for sth they have done
something that stops sb from doing what they want
a very strong feeling of dislike for sb
( in the US ) a suggested change to the law that people can vote on
a lot of noise that is made especially by people who are complaining about sth
to protect a person or an animal from a disease , especially by giving them an injection of a vaccine
showing excitement or embarrassment
to put up a tent and live in it for a short time
a set of pronouns and verb forms used by a speaker to refer to himself or herself , or to a group including himself or herself
a very large person , especially one who moves in an awkward way
dead
to speak suddenly , loudly and with strong feeling
belonging to an earlier time
hot enough to scald
technology that is so advanced that there may be problems when you use it
containing symbols , or being used as a symbol
to avoid work or school by staying away or leaving early
a shine on a smooth surface
if sth radiates heat , light or energy or heat , etc. radiates from it , the heat is sent out in all directions
of or connected with Scotland , and especially with the English language as spoken in Scotland or the Scots language
made to look like sth else
the part of food that helps to keep a person healthy by keeping the bowels working and moving other food quickly through the body
to try to meet and talk to people who may be useful to you in your work
a separate room or area in a hospital for people with the same type of medical condition
an amount of money that is offered to sb for helping the police to find a criminal or for finding sth that is lost
sad and spent alone
to order sth to happen ; to announce that sth will happen
a smaller or less important part of a river , road , railway / railroad , etc. that leads away from the main part
involving sth that is often repeated
used to give a total number or amount
an amount of snow , rocks , etc. that falls or has fallen
to leave sb with a feeling of sadness or mental pain
to make a loud sound by breathing air out noisily through your nose , especially to show that you are angry or amused
considered by most people to be unaccepta ble or unreasonable
that uses very little money
to make time pass pleasantly for sb / yourself
the act of making your voice , a sound , etc. audible ( = able to be heard ) at a distance
connected with an instrument that uses or makes sound
bad or harmful
examining sb / sth closely
to breathe in smoke or air
among the best , most expensive , etc. examples of sth
to design and build sth
to make your hair flat and stick to your head
a system in which the rate at which sth is paid varies according to particular conditions
connected with a weather front
a total inability to move , act , function , etc .
the quality of being new and interesting in a way that is different from anything that has existed before
to tell sb information that should be kept secret
a race in which runners or horses have to jump over hurdles
the written work that is part of a job , such as filling in forms or writing letters and reports
to do sth badly or to fail at sth
a creature that is not a bird , a fish , a reptile , an insect or a human
to move along by running and changing direction continuously to avoid things that are in your way
based on the ideas and beliefs of one particular culture and using these to judge other cultures
a stupid or unpleasant person
from one side of sth to the other
a small round piece of metal , plastic , etc. that is sewn onto a piece of clothing and used for fastening two parts together
a flat piece of metal with some information on it , for example sb 's name
far away in space or time
to say that sb does not need to pay back money that they have borrowed
to continue with sth or continue doing sth
the enjoyment of special and expensive things , particularly food and drink , clothes and surroundings
the fact of a situation , a place or an experience being different from what is usual and therefore likely to be interesting , enjoyable , etc .
a town that has been given special rights by a king or queen , usually one that has a cathedral
a book or a section at the end of a book that gives extra information or deals with a special subject
used to describe an area of land that has not yet had buildings on it , but for which building development may be planned
a piece of equipment that is connected to a computer
used to describe sth that is done exactly as it should be done , in the best possible way
not on the public road
to offer to have sex with people in return for money
to deliberately try to forget an unpleasant memory or thought
the fact of doing sth only in order to do what the law requires or to satisfy a particular group of people , but not in a way that is really sincere
unusually large
used to show a reason or cause
an illegal form of trade in which foreign money , or goods that are difficult to obtain , are bought and sold
energy , force or enthusiasm
showing or able to show your thoughts and feelings
the time that will come after the present and what will happen then
to stop dealing with a person
a purpose for which sth is used ; a way in which sth is or can be used
known to everyone ; not kept hidden
to ask sb to supply you with more of a product
the process of producing or creating sth new or more advanced ; a new or advanced product
a small stem with leaves on it from a plant or bush , used in cooking or as a decoration
to buy sth , for example a newspaper or magazine , regularly
used to say that sb has almost guessed the answer to sth or that they have almost found sb / sth that has been hidden
to understand a story , situation , etc. by taking all the facts and details about it and putting them together
a strong base for sth , especially the facts or the principles on which it is based
a room or building used for a particular purpose , especially to provide information or a service
used with nouns to form adjectives describing sth that is made completely wet with the thing mentioned
to feed a baby or young animal with milk from the breast or udder
to write things for a newspaper , magazine , or a radio or television programme ; to speak during a meeting or conversation , especially to give your opinion
a woman 's female friends
having a system of government in which the individual states of a country have control over their own affairs , but are controlled by a central government for national decisions , etc .
a back leg and loin of an animal that has four legs , eaten as food
used in negative sentences and questions , and after if to mean ‘ ever ’ or ‘ at all ’
a small thin piece of steel that you use for sewing , with a point at one end and a hole for the thread at the other
going regularly to the place or event mentioned
a strong push
legally married
a cooperative shop / store , society or business
relating to or connected with the abdomen
the leaves of a tree or plant ; leaves and branches together
a person whose job is to arrange work for an actor , musician , sports player , etc. or to find sb who will publish a writer 's work
to start a business in a particular place
that is led by sb who works as a guide
an amount of sth that is dark in colour
to make rude or offensive remarks to or about sb
in a sensible way that shows you can be trusted
a public celebration of a special day or event , usually with bands in the streets and decorated vehicles
the act or process of cleaning sth
to be in the same place as sb by chance and talk to them
the abbreviation for ‘ Higher National Certificate ’ ( a British university or college qualification , especially in a technical or scientific subject )
a person who leaves school or college before they have finished their studies
the act of causing harm or damage ; sth that causes harm or damage
a group that is formed to work for social or political change
belonging to the sex that does not give birth to babies ; connected with this sex
as a separate person or thing ; not together
a shop / store that sells cigarettes , tobacco , etc .
a plant with yellow flowers whose leaves and seeds have a strong taste and are used in cooking as a herb . Dill is often added to vegetables kept in vinegar .
far away from home ; to or in places that are not near
to avoid a difficult or unpleasant duty or responsibility
saying what you think openly and honestly ; not hiding your thoughts
when a seat reclines or when you recline a seat , the back of it moves into a comfortable sloping position
to change the shape of sth , especially metal , by hitting it with a hammer , etc .
the process of changing sth , for example your behaviour , to suit a new situation
to prevent sb from having their freedom or rights
( of a material ) to take small drops of liquid from an area and move them away
to have an effect on sth
to fill or cover sth with light
having passed the exams or completed the training that are necessary in order to do a particular job ; having the experience to do a particular job
an occasion when all the people of a country can vote on an important issue
to make sb surprised and no longer calm
if sth is traceable , you can find out where it came from , where it has gone , when it began or what its cause was
very full or crowded
to continue to do sth despite difficulties or opposition , in a way that can seem unreasonable
a person or their behaviour that is thought to be a good model for others to copy
ahead of others in a race or contest
that can continue or be continued for a long time
a quick improvement made to the appearance or condition of sth
food ; a meal
to look for sports players , actors , musicians , etc. who have special ability , so you can offer them work
not willing to accept outside influences or new ideas
used to say that you do not believe sb or that you disagree with them
carefully chosen words or phrases
the sound that you make by forcing your breath out when your lips are closed
making you feel tired
connected with cooking or food
to put powder on sth
to break sth , especially fish or other food into small thin pieces ; to fall into small thin pieces
to move from side to side in an unsteady way ; to make sth do this
a mixture of different things that are found all together
based on human reason alone
intended to keep sth in the correct position
the present situation , or the situation that you are talking about
having paid all the money necessary to be a member of a club or an organization
the act of entering a place which is private or where you may not be wanted
existing now and needing urgent attention
an increase in sth
( describing unpleasant feelings ) very ; very strongly
an insect at the stage when it has just come out of an egg and looks like a short fat worm
a situation in which it is difficult or impossible to move because there are so many people or vehicles in one particular place
agreeing with or supporting sb / sth completely
to show that you do not like a person , performance , idea , etc. by shouting ‘ boo ’
likely to happen , to exist or to be true
to become lost
a difference in pitch ( = how high or low a note sounds ) between two notes
belonging to or typical of the aristocracy
to start to talk about sth / sb that has nothing to do with what is being discussed
connected with the time when James I ( 1603 – 25 ) was King of England
clean and not containing any harmful substances
money used to run a business , an activity or a project
not planned but done because you suddenly want to do it
an act of admitting that you have been defeated and want to stop fighting
the length of time that sth lasts or continues
the state of being calm or quiet
to reduce sth by a large amount
the opposite or reverse of a fact or statement
as quickly as you can
in a way that is not known or certain
to a small degree
dried in order to preserve it
to change suddenly from one subject to another
a person who has no importance or influence
sent by express service
to know where sb / sth is or what has happened to them , especially after an accident
a group of senior army officers who help a commanding officer
to enter a room , house , etc .
the process or state of decaying and falling apart
final , after all the important facts have been included
to control the direction in which a boat , car , etc. moves
a joke or a funny story , especially one told by a professional comedian
a person 's fate or future
to understand the meaning of a word , a sentence , or an action in a particular way
a boring event , idea , etc .
to change direction suddenly
( used when you are comparing things or saying how good or bad sth is ) of any time
to join together two parts of sth , for example two vehicles or pieces of equipment
the large machinery that is used in industrial processes
happening every 30 minutes
to use up a large amount of sth
evil
a series of books , recordings , etc. produced by the same company and similar in appearance
the amount of money that a person or a business has to spend regularly , for example every month
people who buy and sell goods in competition with each other
used to show sympathy for sth unfortunate that has happened to sb
to show or state that sb / sth is similar to sb / sth else
a small bag , usually made of leather , and often carried in a pocket or attached to a belt
an amount of money you pay , usually once a year , to receive regular copies of a newspaper or magazine , etc ; the act of paying this money
to make sth black ; to become black
a similar action or event that happened earlier
real and sincere
to add a small amount of colour to sth
exciting and interesting
one group of soldiers , especially in tanks or on horses
having enough energy , health , strength , etc. to last for a particular length of time or distance
to damage or spoil the quality of sth or the opinion that people have of sb / sth
something that you complain about because you are not satisfied
connected with the ability to show what will happen in the future
connected with a person 's body rather than their mind
to make sb happy
involving strict discipline and / or organization
used to form the comparative of adjectives and adverbs with two or more syllables
a particular point or stage in an activity or a series of events
socially and morally acceptable
to pass liquid , light , etc. through a special device , especially to remove sth that is not wanted
a piece of artificial or natural material that is soft and light and full of holes and can hold water easily , used for washing or cleaning
connected with the ocean
to make two different types of animal breed together ; to mix two types of plant to form a new one
severe criticism
a very firm request for sth ; sth that sb needs
to resist or oppose sth
that cannot be trusted ; intending to harm you
with a surface that is not smooth , but has a particular texture
used when replying to a question or an idea , when you are not sure whether to agree or disagree
to make sth similar to an army
the designing , building and flying of aircraft
things that exist
a game played with dice
being able to be blamed for sth
to tell people about sth , especially about a person 's behaviour or private life
able to be supported by reasons or arguments that show that it is right or should be allowed
a person who is equal to sb else in strength , skill , intelligence , etc .
a person who has the main part , or one of the main parts , in a film / movie , play , etc .
to make sth reach sth or stretch
not caring about the suffering of other people ; very cruel
mental or physical suffering ; sth that causes this
the food that a person or an animal normally eats
the general character and attitude of sth such as a piece of writing , or the atmosphere of an event
creating an exciting or emotional mood
a discussion or an examination of an event after it has happened , especially in order to find out why it failed
having a particular name
belonging to a class of words that refer to female people or animals and often have a special form
very easily seen
using a mobile / cell phone by connecting to a different company 's network , for example when you are in a different country
very strong or powerful
to make a feeling , pain , etc. disappear
a person , considered in a particular way
to move sth to an earlier date or time
a young person who is developing from a child into an adult
taking place outside a living body , in scientific apparatus
to come together , or to bring soldiers together , in order to march in front of other people
dried and made into powder
able to be done
that you can rely on to happen or to be true
the act of finding out or calculating sth
to be in time for a bus , train , plane , etc. and get on it
with strong emotion
to check sth to see if it is suitable or if you want it
the act of using force to take control of a country , town , etc .
a large important organization that has a particular purpose , for example , a university or bank
being a loyal supporter of a particular person , group , principle , etc ; being a typical example of sth
an electrical connection
used when you cannot think of the name of sth
the amount that a cup will hold
only used occasionally where sb / sth else is not available
to go somewhere quickly , suddenly or for a short time
the part of the money , property , etc. of a person who has died that remains after all the debts , gifts , etc. have been paid
not appropriate or acceptable
behaviour that is deliberately meant to hide the truth
having no special characteristics ; not original in any way
behaving in a way that is not acceptable or right
to speak angrily to sb because you disagree with them
the quality of being a god or like God
to earn an amount of money as a profit after you have paid tax on it
connected with ancient myths
the people you are competing against in business , a competition , a game , etc .
the relationship of brothers
a group of ships fishing together
to send a journalist , photographer , etc. to an area where there is fighting , so that he or she can travel with the army and report what is happening
a device or machine that spreads things
a type of activity or business
the act of raising sth
a group of people , animals or things that have similar characteristics or qualities
not arranged in advance ; where you do not need to arrange a time in advance
to use the mouse to move over sth on a computer screen
a small area of still water , especially one that has formed naturally
a small wide , usually round , plastic or paper container with a lid , used for food , etc .
the act or policy of separating people of different races , religions or sexes and treating them in a different way
a particular standard or quality
meat that is marinated ( = left in a mixture of oil and spices before being cooked ) to give it a strong flavour and then cooked over a wood fire
generally thought to be sth or to have done sth , although this is not certain
one journey from the beginning to the end of a track used for running , etc .
impossible or very difficult to do ; not practical in a particular situation
to act as the referee in a game
not clearly described
without any of the usual hair , marks , etc. covering the skin or surface of sth
to make a bigger copy of a photograph or document
to make sth increase rapidly
to react when sb is deliberately trying to make you angry or get you interested in sth
a person who gives their support to sb / sth , especially in politics
a weak liquid contains a lot of water
a group of students who finish their studies at school , college or university in a particular year
a place where two or more roads meet , forming a circle that all traffic must go around in the same direction
to make clothes , sheets , etc. stiff using starch
to treat sb / sth as less important than sb / sth else
a thing or person that reduces a shock or protects sb / sth against difficulties
made or done very well
used when politely asking sb to do sth
the lower part of the face ; the lower jaw
to be typical of a person , place or thing
to persuade sb to help you or to join you in doing sth
a place where trains stop so that passengers can get on and off ; the buildings connected with this
something that is done in the same way as sth in the past
used to say that sb can do no more than what is mentioned , although this is probably not enough
to throw sth out of a moving plane or ship to make it lighter
a possible effect or result of an action or a decision
a tool or machine with a pointed end for making holes
to provide clothes for sb to wear
very happy ; causing people to be happy
a serious medical condition , usually the result of injury in which a person has lost a lot of blood and they are extremely weak
to fit or make sth fit a normal pattern or condition
to make people notice sth
used to suggest a possible course of action
to keep thinking about unpleasant things that might happen or ab out problems that you have
an act of changing the position of a piece in chess or other games that are played on a board
an informal name for Buckingham Palace
to arrest sb
a person who owns sth
to try and take the ball from an opponent
a view , especially one in which you can see far into the distance
used to express surprise , lack of patience , etc .
polite and kind in your behaviour , especially in a difficult situation
used to show that sth is true in either of two cases
that brings respect and admiration ; important
coming next after sb / sth
used when you are dividing numbers
a regular arrangement of lines , shapes , colours , etc. as a design on material , carpets , etc .
seeming to be unreasonable , and accepted without question ; seeming to be out of control
of the highest rank
used to give advice to sb , meaning ‘ should ’ or ‘ ought to ’
used to describe sb who is hoping to become the type of person mentioned
something that unites people in a common interest
control by one country , organization , etc. over other countries , etc. within a particular group
the edge of the raised path at the side of a road , usually made of long pieces of stone
extremely important because a future situation will be affected by it
to pay money to sb so that they will set free the person that they are keeping as a prisoner
a public room in a hotel , club , etc. for waiting or relaxing in
soldiers who fight on foot
of or connected with Asia
a person 's past life or career
if you have sb in tow , they are with you and following closely behind
having or showing a lack of respect for God or holy things
not willing to give clear answers to a question
to become much less attractive or good because of lack of attention
the time when it is dark
caring only about yourself rather than about other people
taking a lot of time and effort
most important or most popular
to eat or drink large quantities of sth
used in writing to show the sound of a short cough made by sb who is trying to get attention or to say sth that is difficult or embarrassing
a person who travels to a holy place for religious reasons
to discover the facts about sth ; to calculate sth exactly
involving the use of natural products and energy in a way that does not harm the environment
a person who trains and organizes a sports team
metal , plastic , etc. made into flat thin pieces
worried and anxious
not strong or well made ; likely to break
relating to the ability to perceive things or the process of perceiving
used to show that sth happens many times or continuously
to make sth move somewhere very fast
to move up and down suddenly and violently
to spend time learning about a subject by reading , going to college , etc .
to move quickly and smoothly , without using much power
if sth is hopeless , there is no hope that it will get better or succeed
a way of behaving that is not sincere but is intended to have a particular effect on others
moving around in a large mass
to officially leave an organization of states , countries , etc. and become independent
kind to sb who is hurt or sad ; showing that you understand and care about their problems
happening during the night
a feeling of anxiety and stress that makes it impossible to relax
to increase or make sth increase in number or size
an untidy or confused collection of things
to control or limit sth , especially sth bad
enough to live on
developing or happening first ; earliest
to consider that sb / sth has or should have a particular quality
not wise or sensible
the separation of people or things into different groups
a series of regular blows to sth such as a drum , or movements of sth , such as your heart ; the sound that this makes
to go away from a place without taking sth / sb with you
a long pointed orange root vegetable
to finish a race in a particular position
placed under the rule of another country
to try very hard to do sth
a temperature , pressure , etc. that is equal to zero on a scale
to try not to have or show an emotion , a feeling , etc .
a very long time
to affect sth so that it reaches a particular level or state
an occasion at which people buy and sell or exchange items that interest them
a disk on which large amounts of information , especially photographs and video , can be stored , for use on a computer or DVD player ( the abbreviation for ‘ digital videodisc ’ or ‘ digital versatile disc ’ )
pictures , photographs , etc .
to make sb very interested and want to know more about sth
light in colour ; containing a lot of white
to refuse to do sth because you think that you are too important to do it
a public road
the part of a door , drawer , window , etc. that you use to open it
the quality of being sth that is special
so interested or involved in sth that you give it all your attention
to put very little effort into sth
used to say that sth must be true or must happen
to tell people about a particular religion , way of life , system , etc. in order to persuade them to accept it
to hit a ball into one of the pockets ( = holes at the corners and edges of the table )
the period of time when the sea flows away from the land
to make the sound of food frying in hot oil
to employ sb
an exchange of positions or functions between two or more people
an area of land used for playing a sport on
to give a name to sb / sth
not extreme ; acceptable to most people
not covered by anything
the time when sth new begins
limited in variety or numbers
a line or group of mountains or hills
lacking experience of life , knowledge or good judgement and willing to believe that people always tell you the truth
the act or occasion of leaving a person or place
a very small jumping insect without wings , that bites animals and humans and sucks their blood
to slide out of position or out of your hand
a way of behaving that shows or increases a person 's power , especially in a relationship
to push a sharp , pointed object , especially a knife , into sb , killing or injuring them
a plan or system for doing or organizing sth
the fact of being older or of a higher rank than others
used to represent the sound of a sudden , loud hit
unwilling to do sth because of shame or embarrassment
to have sth with you and take it wherever you go
to make sth seem more attractive or interesting than it really is
an item that is being knitted
so that two or more things touch or are joined to or combined with each other
a machine or tool for crushing sth
to change colour , or to make the colour of sth change , in a way that makes it look less attractive
making you feel less tired or hot
a reduction in the number , amount or quality of sth
demanding that particular rules be obeyed and showing a lack of sympathy for any problems or suffering that this may cause
clever and complicated in the way that it works or is presented
a long piece of cloth with a message on it that is carried between two poles or hung in a public place to show support for sth
to make a total amount of sth
to stay in a tent , especially while you are on holiday / vacation
to know sth and not tell it to anyone
extremely likely to win
an expression of extreme fear , excitement or anger that makes sb lose control of their emotions and cry , laugh , etc .
made with plenty of cloth ; fitting loosely
a situation in which a lot of people are trying to do or achieve the same thing at the same time
an official written agreement
a description of events that is spoken during a film / movie , a p lay , etc. or with music
ready to fight and showing no signs of fear or weakness
to not start
that must be worn or used according to the official rules
( used with a number to show the name of a British motorway )
something that gives you enough information to be able to make a decision about sth or form an opinion
very active , determined or full of energy
calm ; not changing or becoming upset
the process of getting back information that is stored on a computer
to end a pregnancy early in order to prevent a baby from developing and being born alive
a basic part or feature of a system , organization , belief , etc .
a very large ring road , especially if it is a motorway
to look at sth and think that it is attractive and / or impressive
to write the first rough version of sth such as a letter , speech or book
received in a school , college or university , with lessons , exams , etc , rather than gained just through practical experience
a pointed piece of wood that is fixed in the ground , especially as part of a fence
to win an election
a sudden loud noise , especially one made by a musical instrument that you blow , or by a whistle or a car horn
to introduce a new law , rule , tax , etc ; to order that a rule , punishment , etc. be used
to print or press a mark or design onto a surface
if a situation , an event or an activity involves sth , that thing is an important or necessary part or result of it
not using the name of the company that made it
to touch , hold or move sth with your hands
causing strong feelings or violence
not able to control yourself or your affairs ; not able to do anything well
to look exactly like sb else
very beautiful and attractive ; giving pleasure and enjoyment
a particular type of plant or animal , or of a disease caused by bacteria , etc .
to punish sb
to a great extent or degree
including sth as an extra part or feature
to tell sb what you think they should do in a particular situation
for which no rent is paid
used in the name of some organizations
to find the answer to sth ; to solve sth
to put pressure on sb and make them angry or upset
to think about a problem or a situation and decide how you are going to deal with it
the physical beauty of a person
a formal discussion of an issue at a public meeting or in a parliament . In a debate two or more speakers express opposing views and then there is often a vote on the issue .
easy to see or notice ; likely to attract attention
showing that bad weather is likely
if water , mud , etc. churns , or if sth churns it ( up ) , it moves or is moved around violently
very powerful and difficult for people to fight against or defeat
to spend time swimming for pleasure
a walk with a dog
in an honest way
powerful and natural ; not controlled or trained
the middle of summer , especially the period in June in northern parts of the world , in December in southern parts
to give drugs , medicine , etc. to sb
a famous person or performer who takes part in a television show or concert
to make a close relationship between two towns or areas
to give sb / yourself a medicine or drug
to seem to shake because of a loud noise
the town , district , country , etc. that you come from , or where you are living and that you feel you belong to
believing that sth you want will happen
containing red , orange or yellow , which creates a pleasant , comfortable and relaxed feeling or atmosphere
the condition of being unable to sleep
connected with the relationship that exists between brothers
an event or a series of actions
a person who boxes , especially as a job
used before plural or uncountable nouns to mean ‘ as many or as much as sb needs or wants ’
to be equally involved in sth or r esponsible for sth
not caring or worrying about the future
a person , an animal or a plant that belongs to a particular group
unhappy or ill / sick
a substance that is melted onto metal , pots , etc. and forms a hard shiny surface to protect or decorate them ; an object made from enamel
the admiration and respect that goes with a particular achievement or position
if sth bad or unpleasant is rife in a place , it is very common there
the part of a vehicle that produces power to make the vehicle move
trying to avoid being captured
used to politely ask sb to move so that you can get past them
to begin to happen ; to begin sth
the abbreviation for ‘ annual percentage rate ’ ( the amount of interest a bank charges on money that it lends , calculated for a period of a year )
a place where people meet to eat , drink , dance , etc , especially one that is cheap
when it hails , small balls of ice fall like rain from the sky
better than all the others of the same kind ; a very good example of sth
a person who works to achieve political or social change , especially as a member of an organization with particular aims
connected with or made from herbs
no longer going to happen ; cancelled
causing feelings of great excitement or worry
on the highest point or surface
used to show the reason for sth
any animal that brings back food from its stomach and chews it again . Cows and sheep are both ruminants .
the crime of stealing money or goods from a bank , shop / store , person , etc , especially using violence or threats
a piece of furniture for one person to sit on , with a back , a seat and four legs
treated in an unfair way by sb because they take advantage of your kindness or willingness to do things
at some point in a period of time
the action or unpleasant sound of one thing rubbing roughly against another
to show that sb does not know much or is doing sth wrong
very tired and without energy
dirty and unpleasant , possibly connected with immoral or illegal activities
a person whose job is to translate what sb is saying into another language
having or using the type or number of foot / feet mentioned
full of energy and confidence
the part of a factory where the goods are actually produced
to sign your name on sth for sb to keep
used to show the reason for making a judgement
loyal feelings towards a group , team or society
to give or return sth that you have and get sth different or better instead
a thing that sb is responsible for ( and that other people should not be concerned with )
to connect things ; to be connected with other things
to prevent sb from doing sth that they are determined to do
to make an effort or try to do sth , especially sth difficult
to change the position of a piece
a very unusual and unexpected event
a sweet liquid made from sugar and water , often used in cans of fruit
a mistake that spoils people 's arrangements ; sth that has been spoilt because it was badly organized
the music written for a film / movie or play
flown at the middle of the mast as a sign of respect for a person who has just died
a sum of money paid into a bank account ; a record of the payment
( in Britain ) a title given to the head of some colleges and institutions
to imagine what will happen in the future
to become or make sth possible , available or able to be reached
to become , or make sth become thinner , smoother or weaker through continuous use or rubbing
a very short moment of time
to hand sth to sb so that they can look at it , use it or keep it for a time
the continent next to Asia in the east , the Atlantic Ocean in the west , and the Mediterranean Sea in the south
being a pale colour , as if the person is going to vomit
the act of connecting or the state of being connected
less important than sth else
very cold and hard because the water has become ice
to publish or broadcast sth
a person or thing that you think is perfect
to treat sb in a way that seems friendly , but which shows that you think that they are not very intelligent , experienced , etc .
low in fat
an official order or request for sb / sth to return , or for sth to be given back
the hard work and effort that sb puts into an activity or purpose because they think it is important
to rescue sb from the sea or from a dangerous place , especially one that is difficult to reach
to choose not to take part in sth
long enough to reach your knees
a calm state of mind and a balance of emotions
related in some way and therefore similar
containing or including examples of all the different types of people or things in a large group
a person , especially a child or man , who shows a lack of respect for other people and enjoys playing tricks on them
a person who is extremely interested in a particular subject , activity , etc .
not gentle or careful ; violent
a way of solving a problem or dealing with a difficult situation
used to compare two different ideas , choices , etc .
to criticize sb severely , usually publicly
a room for sleeping in
relating to arithmetic
the long thin leaves of a plant with purple flowers . Chives taste like onions and are used to give flavour to food .
that can or does last for a long time
away from the attention of the public ; in secret
the attitude to life and the world of a particular person , group or culture
soft wool or cloth made from the fine hair of the angora goat , used for making clothes
the position soldiers take when they stand very straight with their feet together and their arms at their sides
to buy or sell the right to own or use sth , at some time in the future
a district of a town , city or county
having water that is not salty
to reach a particular situation , especially a bad one
made up of parts or people that are very different from each other
to spread an oily or soft substance over a surface in a rough or careless way
to send light or shade onto sth
the act of unfairly treating one person better than others because you like them better
to make sth seem likely to happen ; to show signs of sth
a story of sb 's life
happy , and showing it by the way that you behave
a hollow space in sth solid or in the surface of sth
a dried plum that is often eaten cooked
moving in an awkw ard way
not controlled by foreign soldiers
a small town or group of buildings in a lonely part of a country
done quickly and smoothly
used to attract sb 's attention
without a licence
the end of the finger that is furthest from the hand
to beat strongly
used as the object of a verb or preposition when ‘ one ’ is the subject of the verb or is understood as the subject
the act of officially joining a course , school , etc ; the number of people who do this
to put a large quantity of things or people onto or into sth
to provide sth that has been missing from a particular situation and is needed in order to improve it
to use a particular material to produce a picture or other item
a feeling of excitement and adventure , especially connected to a particular place or activity
seeming to be lucky , especially because it brings an end to sb 's problems or suffering
to have many bends and twists
not clearly belonging to a particular condition or group ; not clearly acceptable
the moment at which an aircraft leaves the ground and starts to fly
the sheets , blankets , etc. on a bed
a person who is kept in prison as a punishment , or while they are waiting for trial
to stop living together as a couple with your husband , wife or partner
strong and definite
a person who tells a story , especially in a book , play or film / movie ; the person who speaks the words in a television programme but who does not appear in it
refusing to obey the orders of sb in authority ; wanting to do this
a raised line on the surface of sth ; the point where two sloping surfaces join
feeling happy and confident about yourself or a particular situation
the abbreviation for ‘ General Certificate of Secondary Education ’ ( a British exam taken by students in England and Wales and some other countries , usually around the age of 16 . GCSE can be taken in any of a range of subjects . )
to hit a ball into a hole in golf or snooker
a special right to do or say things without being punished
the liquid that comes from fruit or vegetables ; a drink made from this
an occasion when a person is stabbed with a knife or other pointed object
not honest ; intending to trick people
used to express the fact that sth has a pleasant strong colour , taste or smell
Young Men 's Christian Association ( an organization that exists in many countries and provides accommodation and social and sports activities )
to use sth , especially a piece of software , to show sb or to see for yourself how it works
a person or thing from one place that may be thought to be as good as a famous person or thing from another place
the end of life ; the state of being dead
to not include sth / sb , either deliberately or because you have forgotten it / them
too high
an official or formal statement , especially about the plans of a government or an organization ; the act of making such a statement
from the earliest period of the history of the world , very ancient
connected with the cervix
the large flat surface that films / movies or pictures are shown on
so strange that it is more like a dream than reality
a place in the air or the sky , not on the ground
a very important person , organization or thing that influences others
a flow of cool air in a room or other confined space
to make a higher bet than another player in a card game
a set of religious beliefs
not belonging to , working for or produced by a large organization ; independent
to produce goods in large quantities , using machinery
the act of firing several guns or dropping several bombs , etc. at the same time ; a sudden attack
seeming to lack warmth , in an unpleasant way
a sudden quick movement
very clear and full of details , especially about sth unpleasant
to compare one thing or person to another and say they are similar
an instrument for measuring air pressure to show when the weather will change
used when you are not certain that sth will happen or that sth is true or is a correct number
an official order to control the movement of people or vehicles because of a dangerous situation
an idea or a memory that is suggested by sb / sth ; a mental connection between ideas
feeling ashamed because you have done sth that you know is wrong or have not done sth that you should have done
a platform with an open front and a roof , built onto the side of a house on the ground floor
played or done in a fair way and within the rules
to be or become different from what is expected , planned , etc .
the part of your family that people belong to who are related either to your mother or to your father
to use or present sb / sth as an example
the ability to influence what people do
to feel comfortable and happy in a particular situation or with a particular group of people
the activity of keeping order in a place with police
a piece of equipment that makes it possible for sb to breathe over a long period when they are unable to do so naturally
a way of referring to the government department that is responsible for collecting taxes
the measurement of sth by saying how much of it there is
relating to a period of one year
a situation in which a group of people join together in order to fight against the people who are in power
a person who carries or touches sth as part of their job
to decide not to have or do sth that you would like to have or do
having parts that relate in size to other parts in the way that is described
a fully grown person who is legally responsible for their actions
to complain in an annoying way
a reddish-brown substance that is formed on some metals by the action of water and air
a police officer
something you say quickly without careful thought , sometimes in order to be funny
used to describe European architecture , art and music of the 17th and early 18th centuries that has a grand and highly decorated style
to provide sb / sth with sth that they need or want , especially in large quantities
a special feature of a machine , service , etc. that makes it possible to do sth extra
to realize that a word in a phrase or sentence is not expressed and to supply it in your mind
a group of people or things that are typical of a larger group
small , with a pleasing shape or appearance
to put your nose near sth and breathe in so that you can discover or identify its smell
a sudden event that causes many people to suffer
the words that people use when they are talking about a particular subject
having the power to elect
to arrange for sth to take place at a particular time
existing outside the mind ; based on facts that can be proved
to worry or feel anxious about sth
a strange thing that happens , especially by accident
the structure of a system or an organization , particularly that of a political party or a government
in a few words with nothing extra or unnecessary
to be attached by screwing
to make sth flat by pushing sth over it
the act of publicly informing people about sth
when the effect of such things as price rises on the power of money to buy things is included in the sums
used in negative sentences and in questions and after if or whether to refer to an amount or a number , however large or small
before the start of sth
lack of skill
a written document signed by a large number of people that asks sb in a position of authority to do or change sth
a device with 21 pins , used to connect video equipment to , for example , a television
in , to or typical of the parts of a town or city that are away from the centre , where people live
to vary between two particular amounts , sizes , etc , including others between them
difficult or impossible to reach or to get
trying to appear amusing and intelligent at a time when other people do not think it is appropriate , and when it would be better to be serious
used to form the superlative of adjectives and adverbs of two or more syllables
a sudden strong movement that moves you forward or sideways and nearly makes you lose your balance
to send sth to a place so that it arrives before you get there
to make a sound like a long ‘ s ’ to show disapproval of sb / sth , especially an actor or a speaker
giving a lot of attention to details
an amount of money that you pay for professional advice or services
the act of getting rid of sth
having a particular fit
to throw sth away
a sum of money that you pay regularly to a bank , etc. until you have returned all the money that you owe
to be full of life , enthusiasm or humour
from now until the period of time mentioned has passed
at the expected and correct time
used to describe or address sb with affection or pity
a musical instrument with strings , that you hold under your chin and play with a bow
nearer to the south than sth
to ignore or hide a feeling , a mistake , etc .
permission that is given to a prisoner to leave prison before the end of their sentence on condition that they behave well
the place at a theatre , cinema / movie theater , etc. where the tickets are sold
to put sth somewhere with a lot of force so that it makes a loud noise
a feeling of embarrassment when you do not understand sth and are not sure what to do in a situation
the degree to which sth is right or wrong , good or bad , etc. according to moral principles
to cause trouble or suffering to sb
a person who is affected by the work , ideas , etc. of people who lived before them
the food that God provided for the people of Israel during their 40 years in the desert
used instead of ‘ who ’ as the object of a verb or preposition
to appear as one of the main actors with sb in a play or film / movie
connected with homosexual people
having a particular meaning
to try to take hold of sth
connected with the neck
to cover sth with a layer of a substance
extra things that an employer gives you as well as your wages
a thing that only takes a short time
intended to make people feel sexually excited by showing naked people or sexual acts , usually in a way that many other people find offensive
causing or ending in death
the purpose or aim of sth
the covering of the inner surface of a part of the body
showing feelings of affection and kindness that you would expect a brother to show
gold in the form of powder
causing more problems and difficulties instead of solving them ; not achieving what you wanted to achieve but having an opposite effect
to direct a group of people who are singing or playing music
a small piece of paper with a design on it that you buy and stick on an en velope or a package before you post it
a range of things that might happen in the future
to search a place , making it look untidy and causing damage
officially recognized as sth ; with official permission to be sth
to go towards sb in a determined way , because you want to speak to them
ordinary ; with no special features
to develop in flavour over a period of time ; to allow sth to do this
brave but rude or shocking behaviour
dealing with sex in a way that some people find offensive
the practical organization that is needed to make a complicated plan successful when a lot of people and equipment is involved
to avoid a responsibility or duty
a colour that gives the greatest contrast when combined with a particular colour
without enough economic activity or jobs for people
between states , especially in the US
to turn over to face a different direction ; to make sb / sth do this
an entertainer who wears funny clothes and a large red nose and does silly things to make people laugh
to listen to and judge a case in court
having a comfortable , but dull and old-fashioned appearance
not likely to offend or upset anyone
to have different forms , showing number , person , tense , etc .
including everything , everyone or every part
in an unhappy way
used to describe sth , usually a dangerous or unpleasant situation , that nearly happens
a track at a fairground that goes up and down very steep slopes and that people ride on in a small train for fun and excitement
having to do sth by law
to survive a difficult situation or experience
a thing that is put over or on another thing , usually to protect it or to decorate it
the last exams taken by university students at the end of their final year
to be a sign or proof of sth
in twos or in two parts
the act of helping sb who is in danger
connected with or containing alcohol
a word that means the opposite of another word
one of the main British political parties , on the political left , that has traditionally represented the interests of working people
without making any or much sound
not giving exact details or making sth clear
inch
a copy of sth , especially sth expensive
in the sea but close to the shore
a female servant in a house or hotel
lasting or taking too long and not interesting
having features or qualities that make sth seem interesting and worth having
an arrangement that sb has with a bank , etc. to keep money there , take some out , etc .
to move from one place to another by holding sth that is fixed and pulling yourself along , up , etc .
peace and agreement
to hide and protect sb who is hiding from the police
socially correct but not always sincere
to choose , buy or rent sth
to form or bend sth into a loop
something that is done to help people rather than to make a profit
to play with a ball
the situation of being greater in number or amount than other things or people
if an offer , a decision , etc. made earlier stands , it is still valid
to mark points on a graph and draw a line or curve connecting them
to grow plants or crops
tight rather than relaxed
a person 's feelings , especially when the person is easily offended or influenced by sth
needing another person too much
to play again sth that has been recorded on tape , film , etc .
to make sth longer or larger
the degree or strength of a feeling or activity ; the highest point of sth
having or showing good manners ; typical of a high social class
a person who is in a position of authority in a large organization
not chosen as a seed in a sports competition , especially in tennis
to prevent prisoners from escaping
if a sense or feeling sharpens or sth sharpens it , it becomes stronger and / or clearer
everywhere
the quality of being solemn
a thing or person that is being discussed , described or dealt with
to stop people from getting into an area by surrounding it with police , soldiers , etc .
very detailed , careful and thorough
to look at sth in order to find information
to learn about sth or teach sb about sth , so that you / they start to understand it
to end your marriage to sb legally
a single movement of the arm when hitting sb / sth
to make figures or objects by carving or shaping wood , stone , clay , metal , etc .
not natural
in good condition ; in an acceptable manner
shy and easily embarrassed
making you feel annoyed
an agreement between enemies or opponents to stop fighting for an agreed period of time ; the period of time that this lasts
to feel or to make sb feel upset or emotionally confused
having a very great effect ; of very great size
for a good reason
to annoy sb or make them angry
a piece of music or art , or a poem
to form a long smooth curve
to start to happen or exist , especially from a particular time
where people are not allowed to go
the amount of liquid contained in a jug
to require sth / sb because they are essential or very important , not just because you would like to have them
with your attention completely held by what you are listening to or watching
to be right or good for sb / sth
that cannot be questioned or argued with ; that cannot be challenged
to become or make sth lighter or brighter in colour
a group of animals that hunt together or are kept for hunting
not changing and not sincere
to hit sth hard many times , especially so that it makes a loud noise
events , behaviour , etc. which are exaggerated or extreme
a person that you work with , do business with or spend a lot of time with
used in the name of several horse races which happen every year
a quantity of people or things
to obey a rule , an order , etc .
to make people feel sth more strongly
an action by the goalkeeper that stops a goal being scored
a statement that is not true ; a lie
normal and sensible
a country , when you are thinking about its economic system
in the centre of an area or object
the act of asking sb for help or advice
to connect a building , piece of equipment , etc. to an electricity s upply using wires
certain that you will receive sth or that sth will happen
certain to do sth or to happen
quick ; busy
according to the law
used to introduce a word or phrase that contrasts with what was said before
a source of power , such as fuel , used for driving machines , providing heat , etc .
a person who likes or enjoys a particular thing
suitable to be used
fairly , but not very , good
designed to end or to end sth after a fixed period of time
the total number of votes in an election
to cancel a debt ; to recognize that sth is a failure , has no value , etc .
a narrow piece of wood , or a metal or plastic case , containing a black or coloured substance , used for drawing or writing
having a job which needs special training and a high level of education
made by a famous designer ; expensive and having a famous brand name
normal ; usual
to mention sb 's name to make people feel a particular thing or act in a particular way
able to exist or be used together without causing problems
used to emphasize a particular quality
either of two equal parts into which sth is or can be divided
to keep one thing separate from another
angry protests or arguments
to run as a sport
changing from one place or position to another
without preparing
to move , beat or flow with strong regular movements or sounds
existing only in one place or limited to one thing
a commercial organization such as a company , shop / store or factory
in many directions ; here and there
to move sb / sth in a particular direction by pulling
connected with the inside of your body
to examine a computer program or document in order to look for a virus
a fashion ; a style
( in Britain ) by the quickest form of mail
the subjects you can study at school or university that are not scientific , such as languages , history or literature
a sum of money paid or expected to be paid
to lack sth
a liquid with a bitter taste made from malt ( = a type of grain ) or wine , used to add flavour to food or to preserve it
the selling of goods to the public , usually through shops / stores
two things of the same type , especially when they are used or worn together
attractive , confident and elegant
an attempt to give an answer or an opinion when you cannot be certain if you are right
extremely hot
to make sth become stricter
the condition of being larger or rounder than normal ( = of being swollen )
going beyond the usual limits ; extremely great
lasting a short time ; designed only for a short period of time in the future
having the practical knowledge or skills to do sth
the large amount or extent of sth
money for a particular purpose ; the act of providing money for such a purpose
to hold sth / sb firmly
the sudden appearance for a short time of sth bright
a thing that blocks flow or movement , for example of a liquid in a narrow place
behaviour that is stupid or crazy
to pull out hairs with your fingers or with tweezers
the money that a company , an organization or a person borrows ; the act of borrowing money
skill in using your hands or your mind
a thing that is likely to cause a violent reaction or a lot of trouble
an act of cleaning a room , surface , etc. using a broom
an injury or a mark caused by rubbing against sth rough
to attack sb or a part of the body ; to make sb become ill / sick
an official investigation to find out the cause of sb 's death , especially when it has not happened naturally
to take s b 's thoughts or attention away from sth
the authority of sth
only in unusual circumstances
a very sad event or situation , especially one that involves death
very small or short
the high tones or part in music or a sound system
to make sth empty or dry by removing all the liquid from it ; to become empty or dry in this way
strong and thick
smaller than , or found in , an atom
a white or yellow substance in the bodies of animals and humans , stored under the skin
that must be kept completely secret , especially from other governments
difficult or impossible to control
the act of shutting sth such as a factory , hospital , school , etc. permanently
the death of a relative or close friend
used to represent a number whose value is not mentioned
to live longer than sb
very bad or serious ; that you disapprove of
a situation which makes problems , often one in which you have to make a very difficult choice between things of equal importance
either of the two organs in the body that remove waste products from the blood and produce urine
a thing that contains or includes many different parts or elements
the state or quality of being better , more skilful , more powerful , greater , etc. than others
a strong need to keep using drugs , alcohol or cigarettes regularly
pleased because you have achieved sth or because sth that you wanted to happen has happened
a quick lively dance ; the music for this dance
to be equal to or the same as sth
to own and care for animals
a detailed description of sb / sth
an Asian religion based on the teaching of Siddhartha Gautama ( or Buddha )
to prevent sb from having or doing sth , especially sth important
to change or make sb / sth change from one opinion , mood , etc. to another
not stated clearly or definitely ; not having been specified
to move or shake violently
able to make sensible decisions and give good advice because of the experience and k nowledge that you have
a structure built to give protection , especially from the weather or from attack
to get sth from a particular source
material that the body gets rid of as solid or liquid material
a sports stadium whose roof is shaped like a dome
the total amount of time that you spend at work during the week
to fail , or to be defeated or destroyed
from another country or society ; foreign
to suggest sth or tell sb sth without being asked
coming from a person or place that cannot be seen or identified
a painting , drawing or photograph of a person , especially of the head and shoulders
to tell sb officially that you do not approve of them or their actions
used to say where sth / sb is or where sth happens
the most important or central part of sth
located near to sb / sth ; located or stored in a convenient place
extreme anger that often includes violent behaviour
to be completely full ( of sth )
the training or experience that an animal or a person has that makes them behave in a particular way in a particular situation
involving activity across a border between two countries
criticism or severe words
drawings or writing on a wall , etc. in a public place
a silly habit or a strange or weak aspect of a person 's character , that is considered harmless by other people
the branches at the top of a tree
a person or thing of the best quality
to preserve food in a particular substance
a dry substance that is put in a shallow open box for pets , especially cats , to use as a toilet when they are indoors
a person or thing that looks ridiculous , untidy , unpleasant , etc .
nervous or upset and unable to relax
the process of using an area of land , especially to make a profit by building on it , etc .
a building or large room for public meetings , meals , concerts , etc .
a large vehicle on which people dressed in special costumes are carried in a festival
to move your mouth , without speaking or singing , so that its movements match the sound on a recorded song , etc .
a person who is kind and friendly , especially when you would not expect them to be like this
on the side of sth from which the wind is blowing
to the greatest degree
to be the same as or match sth
a drink with ice and usually wine in it
a metal frame that people use to help them to walk , for example people who are old or who have sth wrong with their legs
the action of forcing sb to leave their job
to make slow progress through sth difficult or boring , especially a book , a report , etc .
after death
used to refer to a particular situation that exists
a military vehicle or ship that carries soldiers or equipment from one place to another
connected with marriage or a wedding
happening or coming before all other similar things or people ; 1st
to divide , or to make sth divide , into two or more parts
a woman who belongs to a particular place or country , etc .
to gradually stop feeding a baby or young animal with its mother 's milk and start feeding it with solid food
to move in relation to the thing that is being filmed
the process of making a woman or female animal pregnant by an artificial method of putting male sperm inside her , and not by sexual activity
used with some nouns or adjectives to say who or what is affected by sth
on or during the day after today
to divide sth among people ; to give a share of sth to sb
a large single piece of rock
the quality of being rare
a very small burning piece of material that is produced by sth that is burning or by hitting two hard substances together
bad-tempered and always complaining
being used by or accepted by most people
to give or receive a sudden sharp painful knock
a private hospital or one that treats health problems of a particular kind
the part of a phone that you hold in your hand and speak into ; a telephone
a product that is sold to another country
wrong ; not correct
to become less thick or fewer in number ; to make sth less thick or fewer , for example by removing some things or people
slightly fat
opposite
a place or container where waste food , paper , etc. can be placed
a way of displaying two or more pictures or pieces of information at the same time on a television , cinema or computer screen
to say or do sth to show that you disagree with or disapprove of sth , especially publicly
to give a speech , talk , etc. or other official statement
a plant that looks like barley but that produces larger grain , grown as food for animals and for making flour and whisky ; the grain of this plant
to pretend sth
able to think quickly and in an intelligent way
to move very fast ; to move sb / sth very fast
dealing with only the most basic matters or ideas
a way of explaining sth to make it seem more attractive or acceptable
arranged in order or in groups according to difficulty , size , etc .
given as a prize or provided free by a person or an organization
not needed or useful
a free kick or hit that you take from the corner of your opponent 's end of the field
having sex with sb who is not your husband , wife or usual partner
language that produces pictures in the minds of people reading or listening
the act of pushing sb with your finger or with a pointed object
to say that you do not agree with sth or that you refuse to do sth
fair and not influenced by your own or sb else 's opinions , desires , etc .
a device that is used with chemicals to make hard water soft
a play or film / movie that is intended to be funny , usually with a happy ending ; plays and films / movies of this type
the department of a large company or organization that deals with the protection of its buildings , equipment and staff
very serious and sincere about what you are saying and about your intentions ; in a way that shows that you are serious
a tall post in the street with a lamp at the top
from or in another country , especially a tropical one ; seeming exciting and unusual because it is connected with foreign countries
with a shape that is not normal or natural
when a plane or ship is boarding , it is ready for passengers to get on
too emotional in a way that is embarrassing
a person who behaves like a young child and is easily upset
a room that is available in a hotel , etc .
to surround sb / sth in large numbers
an event , an action , a fact , etc. that shows that sth exists or is likely to happen
to walk with short steps , swinging from side to side , like a duck
to the same degree ; in the same or in a similar way
to supply water to an area of land through pipes or channels so that crops will grow
to be available and ready to use
in general but not in detail
used when the speaker or writer is also the person affected by an action
a place in the ground where a dead person is buried
to produce a dull , steady light
to make a place very untidy when you are searching for sth
tending to allow sb to have or do whatever they want
a book containing all the information you need about a subject or place
the way a surface , substance or piece of cloth feels when you touch it , for example how rough , smooth , hard or soft it is
the system in some Muslim societies by which women live in a separate part of a house or cover their faces so that men do not see them
below the usual or expected standard
having a sound that is typical of upper-class English people
to support or form the basis of an argument , a claim , etc .
a piece of women 's clothing that is made in one piece and covers the body down to the legs , sometimes reaching to below th e knees , or to the ankles
one of the many thin threads that form body tissue , such as muscle , and natural materials , such as wood and cotton
to be no longer understood by sb
the size and shape of a person 's body
the state of being a partner in business
used to say what fills , covers , etc. sth
a state of great activity and strong emotion that is often violent or frightening and not under control
to die . People say ‘ go ’ to avoid saying ‘ die ’ .
the quality of being quiet and not moving
having the right to keep their job permanently
to make sb unconscious
making you feel sympathy or pity
to use violent methods to defeat people who are opposing you
to hurt sb emotionally
to fix sth to sth else with a rope , a hook , etc .
the hollow tube in an engine , shaped like a cylinder , inside which the piston moves
the part of the stage in a theatre that is in front of the curtain
not paying attention to sth / sb
a place or situation in which you feel safe or comfortable , especially when you choose to stay in this situation instead of trying to work harder or achieve more
to increase in speed , force , etc .
obeying the rules of a particular religion , belief , etc. exactly
a point at which connections can be made in an electric circuit
a particular design of sth , especially clothes
relating to the surrounding area ; on all sides
a person who rescues sb / sth from a dangerous or difficult situation
having two sides or parts that are not the same in size or shape
to be stopped or ended
to defeat sb in a game , fight , etc .
designed so that young children cannot open , use , or damage it
to be announced
the courage and determination necessary to do sth difficult or unpleasant ( used when you want to avoid using the word guts )
strong enough to deal successfully with difficult conditions or situations
done with a lot of strength or force
to reach a particular state or condition ; to make sb / sth / yourself reach a particular state or condition
to make sth flat or smooth
the important details of an agreement or a legal document that are usually printed in small type and are therefore easy to miss
to move downwards , especially by falling or sitting down
the act of repeating sth that has been said before
a serious , angry or worried expression on a person 's face that causes lines on their forehead
a level of quality , especially one that people think is acceptable
( for a driver ) on the side that is nearest the edge of the road
the branch of medicine concerned with injuries and diseases of the bones or muscles
to organize an event to which others are invited and make all the arrangements for them
to become heavier , especially by the amount mentioned
planned in advance
if a piece of news breaks , it becomes known
quickly ; immediately
used to introduce the second of two possibilities
a performance by musicians playing popular music or jazz in front of an audience ; a similar performance by a comedian
( in some card games ) a card that belongs to the suit ( = one of the four sets in a pack / deck of cards ) that has been chosen for a particular game to have a higher value than the other three suits
an informal way of spelling ‘ love ’ , for example when ending a letter
( in writing ) cent ( s )
with the second highest range of notes in its group
the experience and activities that are typical of all people 's existences
used to express feelings of surprise , pleasure , pain , etc .
to have to stay in bed , in a wheelchair , etc .
a position , a time or an opportunity for sb / sth , for example in a list , a programme of events or a series of broadcasts
one of two or more forms of a chemical element which have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons in their atoms . They have different physical properties ( = characteristics ) but the same chemical ones
a potato cooked in its skin in an oven
a role played by an actor in a play , film / movie , etc ; the words spoken by an actor in a particular role
connected with money , possessions , etc. rather than with the needs of the mind or spirit
a rule or decision that you must agree to , sometimes forming part of a contract or an official agreement
a thick rubber ring that fits around the edge of a wheel of a car , bicycle , etc .
with equal amounts for each person or in each place
an image in a mirror , on a shiny surface , on water , etc .
the range of the authority or influence of sth
a sign that sth exists ; a sign that shows how sth may develop in the future
the state of having just enough money or food to stay alive
a person who is in favour of new ideas , modern methods and change
a thin slice of meat with no bones in it , often covered with breadcrumbs and fried
a drawing or picture in a book , magazine , etc. especially one that explains sth
rising or falling quickly , not gradually
attractive in a way that makes othe r people like you
straight and accurate
a small area of land with fruit trees of particular types on it
to defeat sb / sth or gain an advantage over them by doing sth clever
unable to deal successfully with a particular situation
dishonest or illegal behaviour , especially by politicians or business people
to tell sb or make them aware of a piece of information , a feeling , etc , usually without meaning to
to do sth that is not allowed by a law or rule
close to the ground
as compared to sth / sb else
a person who has written a particular thing
to get back or find sth that was lost , stolen or missing
the whole physical structure of a human or an animal
shoes fitted with these metal spikes , used for running
a place where shares in companies are bought and sold ; all of the business activity involved in doing this
to avoid having to answer a difficult question , criticism , etc , especially by replying in the same way
to approve of sth and be able to enjoy it ; to enjoy being with a person
feeling frightened and not confident in a particular situation
made of soft material , like the wool coat of a sheep ; looking like this
to give a list of things connected with a particular person , event , etc .
to make a clay pot , dish , etc. on a potter 's wheel
a thick wire that carries electricity
an important official job that a person or group of people is given to do , especially when they are sent to another country
to become friendly with sb
doing sth , especially sth bad
to stop having a relationship with sb
to be available easily and in large amounts
ultraviolet rays that are relatively long
to increase the price of sth
the fact of sb wearing no , or few , clothes
to refuse to allow sb to have sth that they want or ask for
to allow yourself to have or do sth that you like , especially sth that is considered bad for you
a job that is available
mainly ; in most details , even if not completely
to clean furniture , a room , etc. by removing dust from surfaces with a cloth
the whole of sth ; everything
the stage in a theatre
to talk about sth with sb , especially in order to decide sth
a very large animal that lives in the sea and looks like a very large fish . There are several types of whale , some of which are hunted .
a particular style of speaking or writing
in use
an indented edge is not even , because parts of it are missing or have been cut away
the process of disappearing or of making sth disappear
a structure of plastic or metal that holds the lenses in a pair of glasses
a customer who often goes to a particular shop / store , pub , restaurant , etc .
to prevent sb or sb 's plans from succeeding
the members of a team whose main aim is to score points against the other team ; a method of attack
a beautiful , special or unusual place
to prove that you can do sth or are sth
used to say ‘ no ’
to remove sth from sth
to turn the pages of a book , etc. quickly and look at them without reading everything
the final result of a series of events
the money that a person has
to leave your house to go to a social event
to change position so that the other side is facing towards the outside or the top
used when you are thinking of what to say next
completely ridiculous ; not logical and sensible
your sense of your own value and importance
Market and Opinion Research International ( an organization that finds out public opinion by asking a typical group of people questions )
a system of political beliefs ; a state of political affairs
expecting not to succeed , and showing it in a particular situation
the use of the time , money , etc. that is available in a way that avoids waste
a short period during which people show their approval of sb / sth by clapping , etc .
to fix or announce the details of sth , especially on a written document
goods that are bought or sold ; goods that are for sale in a shop / store
a change in sth that makes it better ; sth that is better than it was before
neat and well cared for
to or at a lower place or position
partly ; not completely
to shoot bullets from a gun
money paid by the state to unemployed people
to make sth available to the public
completely lacking in sth
to limit sb 's legal rights
the act of making sth available to the public
the home , thought of as the safe place where parents bring up their children
to transport people or things by air
used to refer to all members of a group
to manage to do or complete sth
being included or happening in groups of things or people
a round roof with a circular base
used to show that you are very pleased about sth or that you approve of sth
down or away from a place or at a distance in space or time
to pull your hair tightly back , away from your face
providing detailed instructions or advice on how to do sth
a set of opinions , decisions , etc. that two or more groups who oppose each other can agree on ; a position that is not extreme
the process of being moved or carried from one place to another
not safe to eat because it has decayed
an arrangement of flowers and / or leaves in the shape of a circle , traditionally hung on doors as a decoration at Christmas
to allow sb to leave prison or court
a place where people , for example those without a home , can get help and temporary accommodation
a thing that tells you in advance that sth serious or dangerous is going to happen
a person who checks things
seeming or stated to be real or true , when this is perhaps not the case
an amount of food or drink that you put in your mouth at one time
to make sth that has been officially decided start to happen or be used
a place where dancing is taught or where dancers practise
higher than the area around ; above the level of the ground
the serving of customers in hotels , restaurants , and shops / stores
not having enough money to pay what you owe
used to talk about the speed or effort involved in doing sth
to formally give your property or possessions to sb after you have died , by means of a willn . ( 3 )
if two or more things intertwine or are intertwined , they are twisted together so that they are very difficult to separate
likely to provide sth
growing thickly and strongly in a way that is attractive
to gather into a group ; to make sb / sth form a group
to bring sth back to your mind
the state of sb 's health or how fit they are
a round fruit with soft red and yellow skin , yellow flesh and a large rough seed inside
to remove sth from a fixed position , allowing sth else to move or function
to say sth suddenly and without thinking carefully enough
a sports competition in which a cup is given as a prize
a type of food considered to be very special in a particular place
to be concerned with the life or development of sb / sth
to say things that are / are not sensible
bright reddish-yellow in colour
a person who is defeated in a competition
to introduce laws that make it illegal to kill , harm or damage a particular animal , area of land , building , etc .
used before adjectives , adverbs and determiners to mean ‘ in a high degree ’ or ‘ extremely ’
a unit of value , especially of money
having the type of mind that is interested in or able to understand the areas mentioned
connected with your physical feelings ; giving pleasure to your physical senses , especially sexual pleasure
to accept sth as true or existing and to act on that basis
used to say that sth is very unlikely
to move your hands and arms about in order to attract attention or make sb understand what you are saying
a man , especially a politician , who is considered to be very honest and good
one of the four sets of cards ( called suits ) in a pack / deck of cards . The clubs have a black design shaped like three black leaves on a short stem .
the amount that is left after taking numbers or money away from a total
used to introduce the first of a list of points you want to make in a speech or piece of writing
the natural direction of lines in wood , cloth , etc. or of layers of rock ; the pattern of lines that you can see
pleasant to drink
unable to feel because of cold , etc .
dealing with the most basic and important aspects of sth
a slow run , especially one done for physical exercise
used in the names of impressive or very large buildings , etc .
a high round collar made when the neck of a piece of clothing is folded over ; a piece of clothing with a polo neck
to stop using sth , especially a building , for a religious purpose
to put food in your mouth , chew it and swallow it
used to emphasize that sth is easy to do or understand
to point sth , especially a gun , at sb
a very difficult or impossible task or problem
to not be successful in achieving sth
having a link between them
to pay the full sum of money that you owe sb ; to pay a debt
the dark outline or shape of a person or an object that you see against a light background
impressive and powerful
to protect sb from sth
wanting sth very much
connected with the time when Queen Elizabeth I was queen of England ( 1558 – 1603 )
to have the opportunity to do sth
a town in Hertfordshire , north of London , that is considered to mark the northern limit of the area of London and SE England . The expression north of Watford means the parts of Britain outside this area .
a particular position in which sb stands , sits , etc , especially in order to be painted , drawn or photographed
designed or developed for a particular purpose or area of knowledge
not in the habit of doing sth ; not used to sth
a small device containing powder that burns or explodes and produces bright coloured lights and loud noises , used especially at celebrations
an occasion when people sit down to eat food , especially breakfast , lunch or dinner
the courage to do sth difficult or dangerous
the pale soft wood of the pine tree , used in making furniture , etc .
lack of interest or ideas
pointing towards or facing a higher place
objects that can be moved , such as tables , chairs and beds , that are put into a house or an office to make it suitable for living or working in
not liked or enjoyed by a person , a group or people in general
a small cake in the shape of a cup , often containing small pieces of fruit , etc .
not even ; with a lot of bumps
not having a clear aim or purpose ; not well organized or clear
a long vertical solid structure , made of stone , brick or concrete , that surrounds , divides or protects an area of land
to decide and say publicly that you support or oppose sb
to give back less than the correct amount of money to sb who has paid for sth with more than the exact price
to keep moving from one position to another and back again
to make a loud noise while you are drinking sth
to make a sudden very loud noise
the length of time that sb lives or that sth lasts
the fact of making sb feel stronger or less tired or hot
an occasion when sth is hit hard or attacked and severely damaged
a person who is studying at a school , especially a secondary school
with glue on one side so that it sticks to sth
in the place of sb / sth
the money that you earn for the work that you do
open and direct
a symbol at the beginning of a line of printed music ( called a stave or staff ) that shows the pitch of the notes on it
a small British coin and unit of money . There are 100 pence in one pound ( £ 1 ) .
of interest or importance at the present time
that you do because you always do it , or other people in the same situation always do it
having two stars in a system that measures quality . The highest standard is usually represented by four or five stars .
the act of printing a statement about sb that is not true and that gives people a bad opinion of them
to prove that sb is not guilty when they have been accused of doing sth wrong or illegal
to a higher position of authority than sb
if food or drink will / will not go down , it is easy / difficult to swallow
typical of the past
feeling that you are better and more important than other people
to make sb / yoursel f anxious about sb / sth
an act of pushing sb up from behind
a raised level surface , for example one that equipment stands on or is operated from
an officer of fairly high rank in the British air force
to load sth in advance
to make buses , trains , etc. travel on a particular route
a sweet dish that you eat at the end of a meal
your ability to remember things
the act of seeing sb / sth
an imaginary line that goes from sb 's eye to sth that they are looking at
a feeling of emotional comfort when you are sad or disappointed ; a person or thing that makes you feel better or happier when you are sad or disappointed
to cry noisily , taking sudden , sharp breaths
connected with a tribe or tribes
to get a person or an animal into a place or situation from which they cannot escape
lack of energy ; lack of desire or ability to move or change
used by lawyers in court to say that they have finished presenting their case
the fact of a politician before an election going to different places and trying to get people 's support by making speeches
nearly dark , or badly lit in a way that makes you feel sad
honest , innocent and willing to trust people
small soft white pieces ( called flakes ) of frozen water that fall from the sky in cold weather ; this substance when it is lying on the ground
the lower surface or part of sth
the situation when a factory , school , hospital , etc. shuts permanently
to gain or earn a sum of money as profit
( in writing ) carat
to arrange for sth to happen or take place , especially when this is done secretly in order to give yourself an advantage
the mark ( ? ) used in writing after a question
formal and attended by people in authority
to put sth somewhere without much care
a round glass container , with a lid , used for storing food , especially jam , honey , etc .
very
to change or give up your beliefs or principles
to be quick to make use of a chance , an opportunity , etc .
in a fair way
to pretend to be sb in order to trick people or to entertain them
increasing in size , amount or degree
to show information
an adult person
information that you cannot go to a meeting or must leave early
with or near to sb / sth else ; with each other
made to be used once only
in a way that shows you do not object to sth
to be able / not able to manage in a particular situation
not well organized ; giving a bad impression
except ; apart from
embarrassing and / or offensive
red in colour
the point when sb / sth is best , most successful , strongest , etc .
an attempt to find sb / sth , especially by looking carefully for them / it
not included , often when it should have been
a book , film / movie or song which is well known an d considered to be of very high quality , setting standards for other books , etc .
to move , bend or break because of pressure
the scientific study of the earth 's surface , physical features , divisions , products , population , etc .
not long ago / before
an amount of money that sb receives , especially the money that is earned by a business during a particular period of time
used to talk about a man in a friendly way
a report that describes an experience of a situation as very unpleasant
drinks such as beer , wine , etc. that can make people drunk
very rude and insulting , and intended to damage sb 's reputation
soft , rich and pleasant
not involving words or speech
a person from Britain
to eat a particular type of food to live
free from worry ; cheerful
the right or opportunity to enter a building or place
that cannot be satisfied
existing in or involving many countries
having a young , healthy-looking face
likely to have a lot of influence or many effects
warm and friendly and enjoying the pleasures of home and family
a sudden strong feeling of physical or emotional pain
a light that is placed somewhere to guide vehicles and warn them of danger
not interesting
having a natural ability for sth ; preferring to do sth
to satisfy a need , desire , etc. and keep it strong
connected with the particular way in which sth is understood , explained or performed ; providing an interpretation
that you can never make right or get back
to make sth turn quickly and lightly round and round
a person who takes part in the final of a game or competition
a particular type of land
a word that is used instead of a noun or noun phrase , for example he , it , hers , me , them , etc .
to make sth happen suddenly
unpleasant or unkind and rather obvious
used to emphasize your opinion
to decide not to continue with a plan , either for a short time or permanently
to completely change the appearance or character of sth , especially so that it is better
to appear very attractive to sb
to become or make sth stronger , so that it is not easily cut , broken , etc .
to become or develop into sth ; to be suitable for sth
making you afraid that sb has been badly hurt or that sth has been broken
to become stronger ; to make sb / sth stronger
the state of not having a job
to make the effort to do sth
the period during the day between the time when it gets light and the time when it gets dark
( in the US ) one of the main divisions of some large universities
a person or thing that is very large or powerful
giving reason to believe that good things will happen ; likely to be successful
great energy or enthusiasm connected with sth that you feel strongly about
to finis h an activity or complete sth in a good or suitable way
to make important and unreasonable changes to sth , especially a book
needless death or suffering is not necessary because it could have been avoided
a book , piece of music , painting , etc .
to catch a person or an animal and keep them as a prisoner or in a confined space
a line of light , electric waves or particles
to feel unhappy about having to do , pay or give sth
the state of not having , or not having enough of , sth that is essential
a person that you disapprove of because they act in a stupid way
pointing or facing upwards
away from the tracks of firm snow that have been prepared for skiing on
the round object that moves around the earth once every 27 ½ days and shines at night by light reflected from the sun
the area close to the entrance of a building
too concerned or worried about details or standards , especially unimportant ones
you
the floor or ground at the bottom of a doorway , considered as the entrance to a building or room
sympathy that you feel for sb when a person in their family or that they know well has died ; an expression of this sympathy
a false idea that many people believe is true
all the weapons of a particular type or belonging to a particular country or group
very high ( and higher than usual ) ; of high quality
to begin fighting with sb
to damage a holy thing or place or treat it without respect
to make sth illegal by passing a new law
to suggest sth at a formal meeting and ask people to vote on it
the hard solid material that forms part of the surface of the earth and some other planets
a very good example or product of sth
any experienced and respected person whose advice or work is valued
wanting ver y much to persuade people to accept your views and opinions
an important position of authority , especially in government ; the work and duties connected with this
a small bag or container fastened to sth so that you can put things in it , for example , in a car door or in a bag
metre ( s )
a statement , an event , etc. telling sb that sth bad or unpleasant may happen in the future so that they can try to avoid it
giving a lot of time or attention to sb / sth
a female worker , especially one who works with her hands
looking red and healthy
lit with bright lights
a town with a harbour used by large ships
a way of organizing sth ; a system
to beat quickly and loudly
to arrange or organize sth into a system or pattern
being considered for sth , especially as a candidate
either of the two bones at the bottom of the face that contain the teeth and move when you talk or eat
the activity of going for walks in the countryside for exercise or pleasure
a very small spot ; a small piece of dirt , etc .
not noticed by anyone
to make sb / sth become caught or twisted in sth
the end of a period of time or an activity
to say sth to sb in an aggressive way
an unpleasant experience that makes you feel upset and / or anxious
to put clothes , etc. on
the country where a person was born
a person who is skilled at sth
to work hard in order to have a successful career , reputation , etc .
having a lot of energy and a strong personality
two people or things that are complementary are different but together form a useful or attractive combination of skills , qualities or physical features
to rub sth by accident so that it gets damaged or hurt
marked with spots of colour , or shade
to say or explain what the meaning of a word or phrase is
weakness and poor health
to give sth / sb a particular number of points
the act of signing sth
made of tubes or of parts that are shaped like tubes
an opening in a wall between two rooms , especially a kitchen and a dining room , through which food can be passed
used to say that no other or others of the same group exist or are there
an amount of money that has not been used and so can be used later
a person or company that runs a particular business
to swear at sb
a thing that sb does , or sth that sb says at the beginning of a situation or conversation , that is intended to give them some advantage
slight ; noticeable , but difficult to describe
an amount of sth that is thought to be normal or acceptable for one person
to move or change sth to a different place or environment or into a different form
not appropriate in a particular situation
a place where people with a particular interest can easily find what they want
a crowd of people who are pushing each other
to include sb in a sports team
affected by a computer virus
a person who operates equipment or a machine
a belief or principle about life that is accepted as true
the quality of being smooth and elegant
belonging to the same time
to change the position or direction of sth slightly
unusually large in degree or amount ; great
thin and almost transparent
used to say how difficult , necessary , pleasant , etc. sth is that sb might do or has done
a long , moving line of people or vehicles
used to show position , for example on a map
a long high cry or sound
money that is lent to a government at a fixed rate of interest ; an official document that gives details of this
used to show a length of time
a person who takes care of babies or children while their parents are away from home and is usually paid to do this
less ill / sick or unhappy
to carry a gun
mental or emotional pain caused by sth unpleasant that has been said or done to you
to choose sb for an official position , especially as an ambassador
not drunk ( = not affected by alcohol )
a room or rooms in sb else 's house that you rent to live in
an agreement or alliance between two or mo re countries
the fact of sth being likely to vary
torn in many places
a very strong feeling of liking sth ; a hobby , an activity , etc. that you like very much
to consider an idea or a plan , but not very seriously and not for a long time
to be able to describe or show exactly how a past event happened , using the information you have gathered
to change the shape , appearance or sound of sth so that it is strange or not clear
the state of being insane
the outline of buildings , trees , hills , etc. seen against the sky
a long metal stick with a piece of metal or wood at one end , used for hitting the ball in golf
a formal fight with weapons between two people , used in the past to settle a disagreement , especially over a matter of honour
to say the name of sb / sth
used too often and therefore boring
the state of being completely involved in sth
making you feel very tired
to ask sb for money , food , etc , especially in the street
a thing that remains as a good example of sb 's qualities or of what they did
to be sb 's partner in a dance , game , etc .
an amount of money that is given to sb regularly or for a particular purpose
a car with a driver that you pay to take you somewhere . Taxis usually have meters which show how much money you have to pay .
a group of people who try to influence the government and ordinary people 's opinions in order to achieve the action they want , for example a change in a law
to become bad or unpleasant
a natural tendency to do sth or to feel sth , often sth bad
something that you think is of very bad quality
a way of criticizing a person , an idea or an institution in which you use humour to show their faults or weaknesses ; a piece of writing that uses this type of criticism
having great power
something that you cannot be sure about ; a situation that causes you to be or feel uncertain
something that continues or follows sth else
showing or feeling the loss of all hope
involving only a small amount of danger and little risk of injury , death , damage , etc .
a person watching television
the public or national supply of money
the state of becoming unconscious
a large amount of money that is invested or is used to start a business
to produce a lot of saliva ( = liquid in your mouth )
something that is your responsibility or that you have a right to know about
a very religious person who belongs to a particular group
to make a series of light high ringing sounds ; to make sth produce this sound
plays considered as entertainment
a copy of a file , etc. that can be used if the original is lost or damaged
to begin a journey ; to leave
to provide sth with the money or equipment that is needed
to lie , sit or stand in a lazy , relaxed way
grandmother
a place outside rather than in a building
a pair of metal rings joined by a chain , used for holding the wrists of a prisoner together
the soul thought of as separate from the body and believed to live on after death ; a ghost
an action or event that finally ends sth that has been getting weaker or worse
to cover a surface with tiles
a person who is lying full-length is lying flat with their legs straight
the fact of sb paying attention to sb / sth or knowing about sth
having all the parts that are necessary for sth to be complete
to join together two or more regions or parts of a country so that they form a single political unit again
to put a tube into a hollow space in the body , for example to allow a person to breathe
relating to a radio or television programme that the public can take part in by telephone
travelling in many countries all over the world
an act or event that is violent , cruel or very wrong and that shocks people or makes them very angry
to hear and understand sb speaking on a radio set
showing forbearance
feeling emotional pain because of sth unpleasant that sb has said or done
the distance from the top or surface to the bottom of sth
to hit a hard object or surface several times quickly , making a noise
to make sb a full member of the Christian Church
sex between animals
to stop competing during a game , race , etc , usually because you are injured
a large piece or amount of sth
a particular way of considering or judging a situation SYN angle
small and neat in an attractive way
very rude and offensive and usually connected with sex
the amount by which a single measurement is different from the average
having dark hair , eyes , etc .
to make sb less angry or more friendly , especially by being kind and pleasant or by giving them sth
allowing nothing that gives pleasure ; not comfortable
short loose trousers / pants that fit tightly at the knee , worn in the past by women for games , riding bicycles , etc .
any area of flat stones on the ground
to drop a ball or to fail to stop it
used when the woman or girl who performs an action is also affected by it
a group of people who try to influence politicians on a particular issue
not restricted or controlled by anyone else ; able to do or say what you want
a strong feeling of sympathy for people who are suffering and a desire to help them
to make a situation , an organization , etc. efficient and successful
an officer of middle rank in the police force
the money that you receive back on money that you have invested ( especially when this is equal to the amount that you invested to start with ) ; the time that it takes to get your money back
very long and thin and not strong
showing a lack of good judgement
to get rid of sth / sb that you do not need or want by passing it / them to sb else
reddish-brown in colour
lacking sth
a person , male or female , whose sex is not stated or known , especially when referring to sb mentioned earlier or to a group in general
a place or a period of time in which nothing happens
the abbreviation for ‘ Doctor of Medicine ’
a shoe that you wear for sports or as informal clothing
an agreement to pay a regular amount of money to sb / sth , especially a charity , that means that they also receive the tax that would have to be paid on this money
to criticize sb / sth unfairly ; to say sb / sth does not have any value or is not important
not sincere ; not the result of genuine emotions
to give or produce a particular amount of money as a profit or loss
to remove a problem or the need for sth
based on or believing the teachings of Jesus Christ
( used to emphasize sth ) completely ; in every way
to happen again or a number of times
pleasing and easily remembered
happening in a short period of time
used for measuring mental abilities and processes
to entertain an audience by playing a piece of music , acting in a play , etc .
to give up an idea or an attitude , or control of sth
to move in a circle , especially in the air
to find the correct answer or explanation for sth
to give birth to a child
to destroy , defeat or put an end to sth / sb
honest and direct in what you say , sometimes in a way that other people might not like
to think of or make sth , for example a plan or a machine , in a clever way
avoiding or not liking the thing mentioned
to be or make sth available for the public to see
to feel very sad , especially because sb has died
covered with prickles
expressing sadness
the time when the sea or the water in a river has risen to its highest level
to test sb and decide that they are good enough , according to an agreed standard
the army , navy and air force
connected with teams that play in the major leagues , especially in baseball
a type of heavy oil used as a fuel instead of petrol / gas
conducted so that neither the organizer nor any other people involved know any information which might influence the results
used to talk about what tune or words a song or poem has or what happens in a story
to become less thick
to make a sudden movement with your face or body as a result of pain , fear , surprise , etc .
steamship
made weak and tired by illness or difficulties
a person who represents a particular quality , for example , in human form
to behave dishonestly or to obtain sth dishonestly
involving different groups of people in a community
the uniform that is worn by the members of a sports team when they are playing
two horses working together to pull a carriage
to make a stupid mistake
something that is not important but is used to complete sth else because nothing better is available
a particular state , set of conditions or circumstances , etc. that prevent you from saying or doing what you want
protected from bad weather
always busy doing things , especially physical activities
to drop a lot of small things onto sb
not having the skill , strength , time , knowledge , etc. to do sth
used to say that sth is likely to happen or to be true
a pattern of veins or thin lines
in a way that shows feelings of sadness or anger
containing too much liquid
to pay for sth that sb / you will enjoy and that you do not usually have or do
to continue to be sth ; to be still in the same state or condition
the mind ; your deepest feelings and attitudes
the consistency of a mixture or a liquid substance is how thick , smooth , etc. it is
to deliberately move your fingers over sth in order to find out what it is like
to make sb feel angry or upset
the part that is deepest inside sth
completely and thoroughly
a short surprise attack on an enemy by soldiers , ships or aircraft
the dried seeds of the caraway plant , used to give flavour to food
the abbreviation for ‘ Master of Business Administration ’ ( a second university degree in business )
a way of doing sth , especially the usual or correct way
to start discussing a subject you were discussing earlier , or doing an activity you were doing earlier
a type of white stone that is often used to make statues and decorative objects
the subjects that are included in a course of study or taught in a school , college , etc .
to put sth into bags
one section of an organization that has a particular function or whose members share the same opinions
remaining strong ; not becoming weak or tired
a mountain with a large opening at the top through which gases and lava ( = hot liquid rock ) are forced out into the air , or have been in the past
to force sb to accept a particular belief or set of beliefs and not allow them to consider any others
used to emphasize sth bad
a feeling that makes you want to do sth
frightening
clever , sometimes in an annoying way because a person is trying to get an advantage for himself or herself
a phrase that is always used in the same form
the bricks in a wall , building , etc .
a thing that is added to sth that is not usual , standard or necessary and that costs more
having a lot of information about a wide variety of subj ects ; containing complete information about a particular subject
to be sth
for each day
waste matter from farm animals
pleasant and not bitter
to accept the responsibility for sth
rough treatment
using a microscope
an unpleasant person who treats other people badly
a wild horse of the western US
a building where people stay , usually for a short time , paying for their rooms and meals
an animal with horns and a coat of hair , that lives wild in mountain areas or is kept on farms for its milk or meat
a word used to mean ‘ woman ’ that some people , especially older people , consider is more polite
a person who earns money , especially a person who works for wages
to allow sb / sth to escape harm , damage or death , especially when others do not escape it
the state of being poor , not having food , etc .
the amount a pocket holds
to leave the ground and begin to fly
a medal given as third prize in a competition or race
not very good in quality
to change an area by building new roads , houses , factories , etc .
kind in the way you treat people ; willing to see what is good about sb / sth
used to describe a belief or a position that sb has publicly made known
having many crags
very excited
used to show that you have finished using sth or have ended a relationship with sb
very well
that wins or has won sth , for example a race or competition
( in writing ) century
( in some European countries ) a nobleman of high rank , similar to an earl in Britain
the state of being ready or prepared for sth
to put too great a load on sth
to give sb help and information on a subject that you know a lot about
to make a very loud , deep sound
behaviour that is silly or amusing , especially when this is not suitable
harmful to people whose immune system has been made weak by disease or drugs
a long seat for two or more people , usually made of wood
to spread open or flat sth that has previously been folded ; to become open and flat
that can be accepted , because it seems possi ble that it could be successful
to become tighter or narrower ; to make sth tighter or narrower
made for a particular person or purpose , and therefore very suitable
to feel very angry and upset about sth , especially because you cannot get what you want
to move in a particular direction , sending out small clouds of smoke or steam
the time of year when the crops are gathered in on a farm , etc ; the act of cutting and gathering crops
going straight up or down from a level surface or from top to bottom in a picture , etc .
to clean clothes using chemicals instead of water
the action of selling sth to get money or to avoid losing money
a particular branch of science
with all the features you would expect to find ; very typical
to present or describe sb / sth in a particular way , especially when this may not be fair
to use or try a machine , substance , etc. to find out how well it works or to find out more information about it
to use or give money
the natural state of rest in which your eyes are closed , your body is not active , and your mind is not conscious
almost correct or accurate , but not completely so
very pale
a list of concepts and categories in a subject area that shows the relationships between them
to force sb to accept a difficult or unpleasant situation
connected with films / movies and how they are made
a short stay somewhere between two parts of a journey
a curve or turn , especially in a road or river
a look at sb / sth for a very short time , when you do not see the person or thing completely
if sth enthrals you , it is so interesting , beautiful , etc. that you give it all your attention
not normal ; not according to the usual rules
the process of looking for sth
a difficult and sad situation
of very high quality and causing great admiration
an occasion when sb sees sb / sth , especially sth unusual or sth that lasts for only a short time
the process of taking milk from a cow , etc .
difficult in an interesting way that tests your ability
the process of testing whether sth is tru e or a fact
full of sb / sth
an outer covering or part used to protect the base of a vehicle or machine
a very thin crack or line
used when stating that two events , situations , etc. are similar
to reach an opinion or decide that sth is true on the basis of information that is available
to take flowers , fruit , etc. from the plant or the tree where they are growing
one of various types of grass that produce grains that can be eaten or are used to make flour or bread . Wheat , barley and rye are all cereals .
to use a magic word or phrase against sb in order to harm them
not aware of sth
the average height of the sea / ocean , used as the basis for measuring the height of all places on land
to come to an end
the act of taking part in sth
a very bad mood when you are annoyed about sth
to be as good as sb in skill , quality , etc .
very far ; by a large amount
safe dry land , as contrasted with water or air
to be ready for peopl e to go to
a short pause for rest or to relax
aware of sth , especially a problem or danger
not encouraging or giving any reason to have hope
to show a quality or feature
a collection of things that appear to have little connection with each other
to control or travel on a boat with a sail , especially as a sport
to move or to move sb / sth to a new place to work or operate
to manage to see sb / sth or read or hear sth
to shine with a light that keeps changing from bright to faint to bright again
unusually quiet , and possibly unhappy
one after another in a series , without interruption
to like one thing or person better than another ; to choose one thing rather than sth else because you like it better
a thing that looks or moves like a small wave
a description in a newspaper or a magazine that tells you about a film / movie , a television programme , etc. before it is shown to the public
to put sb in a prison or another place from which they cannot escape
in an electronic way , or using a device that works in an electronic way
the stage that has been reached in a process , etc. which has not ye t been completed
a key element in the system of national and international carbon trading . A country or organization has the right to produce a particular amount of carbon dioxide and other gases that cause global warming , which is expressed in terms of carbon credits , which may be traded between countries or organizations .
done quickly and with a lot of activity , but in a way that is not very well organized
the state of being exact or correct ; the ability to do sth skilfully without making mistakes
the direction that is on your right when you watch the sun rise ; one of the four main points of the compass
never happening or existing
important , good or enjoyable enough to make sb feel satisfied , especially when difficulty or effort is involved
the middle of the week
one of a series of long , narrow , horizontal pieces of wood , each with one edge thicker than the other . They are fixed to the outside walls of a house with the bottom of one over the top of the one below , to cover the wall and protect it from rain and wind
without a firm outline ; not stiff
acting as the cause of sth
a word or phrase that has been invented recently ; the process of inventing a word or phrase
to waste time or money on things that are not important
an official right to be the only person to make , use or sell a product or an invention ; a document that proves this
slightly ; a little
happening , moving or increasing very fast
to be the basis or cause of sth
unwilling to work or be active ; doing as little as possible
soft and able to absorb water easily like a sponge
every hour
a large church together with a group of buildings in which monks or nuns live or lived in the past
the act of destroying sth ; the process of being destroyed
not made whiter by the use of chemicals ; not bleached
more than was first mentioned or is usual
highest in rank ; chief
something that takes your attention away from sb / sth while sth else is happening
a short delay allowed before sth difficult or unpleasant must be done
to make sb have a particular feeling or emotion
music written to go with a poem , etc .
not showing much interest in new ideas or what is happening outside your own environment
something that is very big for its type
a story , a film / movie or a play in which crimes and strange events are only explained at the end
used to get sb 's attention to say that you are ready to do sth , or to tell them to do sth
not wise
to remind people of an important person or event from the past with a special action or object ; to exist to remind people of a person or an event from the past
to spend time doing sth for pleasure in a relaxed way
to form a new army , team , etc. by persuading new people to join it
having a reduced amount or not enough of sth
to suddenly appear , especially when not expected
a feeling of hope and happiness
the way of writing the sound / ʌ / or / ɜː / that people make when they are not sure about sth , when they do not hear or understand sth you have said , or when they want you to agree with what they have said
used to show that a negative statement is also true of sb / sth else
all the letters , emails , etc. received by a newspaper , a TV station , a website , or an important person at a particular time or about a particular subject
of geometry ; of or like the lines , shapes , etc. used in geometry , especially because of having regular shapes or lines
connected with or having the singular form
to prove or support sth with documents
an urgent and deeply felt request for money , help or information , especially one made by a charity or by the police
to form sth by putting different things together
the origin or development of sth , especially a word
staying in the same chemical or atomic state
according to the most exact meaning of the word
stupid remarks or writing ; nonsense
a human , especially one who is not identified
extremely pleasant to taste , smell or look at
a particular thing that sb does
the action of trying to stop sth
the edge of the road
a person who knows a lot about a particular subject and is employed to give advice about it to other people
used to grow crops
a line or surface that bends gradually ; a smooth bend
to make a first public appearance
basic and unpleasant
the part or role that sb / sth plays in a particular situation ; sb 's influence in a situation
a piece of music for dancing to
simple and attractive
a person whose job is keeping a particular type of equipment or machinery in good condition
to start to burn ; to make sth start to burn
a general feeling of being ill / sick , unhappy or not satisfied , without signs of any particular problem
one of the rules which controls an organization or activity
the position of being in charge of an organization
an attractive quality of movement that is smooth , elegant and controlled
able to use language and express your opinions well , especially when you are speaking in public
to make sb afraid or nervo us so that they no longer want to do sth
the loss of other people 's respect and approval because of the bad way sb has behaved
not good enough
to cut a large piece of cooked meat into smaller pieces for eating
to describe or present sb / sth in a particular way
( in writing ) Colonel
a thin layer of material used to prevent air , liquid , etc. from entering a particular part of sth
to send sb a written message using a mobile / cell phone
an actor
an unusually cold period of weather during which temperatures stay below 0 ° Celsius
to make sb feel embarrassed by behaving badly
having the qualities or appearance considered to be typical of men ; connected with or like men
a friendly informal conversation
used to emphas ize that behaviour is acceptable
very ; very much
able to survive or operate in difficult conditions
not afraid or nervous ; not worried about what might happen
showing no sign of intelligence or sensitive feelings
the area around the edge of a lake
in which there is a lot of sudden change , confusion , disagreement and sometimes violence
going or coming
badly or in an unpleasant way
the state of meeting sb or having to deal with sth
a lack of worry or fear about rules , danger , etc .
extra help or support that you can get if necessary
an object that causes you to remember sb / sth ; a memory of sb / sth
to fight sb or play with sb roughly
a section of a large organization such as a government , business , university , etc .
to irritate or annoy sb slightly ; to make sb slightly worried
an object such as a work of art , a coin or a piece of jewellery that is not genuine but has been made to look as if it is
something that can be used to help achieve an aim , especially a book , equipment , etc. that provides information for teachers and students
a wrong idea about sth , or sth you believe to be true that is not true
not firml y fixed where it should be ; able to become separated from sth
an extra short performance given at the end of a concert or other performance ; a request for this made by an audience calling out
to make things to be sold , especially in large quantities
expressing feelings of love in a way that seems false or exaggerated
a type of dark beer with a mild flavour
sad and without hope
to hold your arms and legs close to your body , usually because you are cold or frightened
the set of all the different levels of sth , from the lowest to the highest
bright and not raining
happening between members of the same group , country or organization
to be just visible
without marks or a pattern on it
what you do , say or think as a result of sth that has happened
the sky
a person who does not have a strong opinion about a question which they are asked in an opinion poll
the most intelligent person in a particular group ; the person who is responsible for thinking of and organizing sth
too strong and rough and likely to damage sth
to punish a child or young person by not allowing them to go out with their friends for a period of time
a pipe through which exhaust gases come out
short and wide or fat , in a way that is not attractive
the crime of taking , sending or bringing goods secretly and illegally into or out of a country
to make sth move around in water or air
the process by which living things receive the food necessary for them to grow and be healthy
if a film / movie , play , etc. stars sb , that person has one of the main parts
to move somewhere in a way that draws attention to yourself , for example because you are angry or upset
Inspector ( especially in the British police force )
in a gentle manner
to arrive and begin to affect sb / sth
to finally start to cause problems for sb after they have managed to avoid this for some time
to move your legs as if you were kicking sth
a regular television or radio broadcast of the latest news
something which you must do because you have promised , because of a law , etc .
the quality of tasting or smelling sweet
like milk
a feeling that you no longer have the confidence or enthusiasm to do sth
if you let a matter rest , you stop discussing it or dealing with it
recently bought
related to or based on ideas
busy ; involving a lot of activities
at a place previously left or mentioned
used to say that you are happy for sb to do sth if they want to
the quality of behaving in a normal , relaxed or innocent way
a feeling or particular quality that is very noticeable and seems to surround a person or place
used in the names of some freeways ( = important roads across or between states )
an officer of the highest rank in the British army or air force
to make sth easy to see or understand
a hospital doctor of the highest rank who is a specialist in a particular area of medicine
to tie one person or thing to another with a rope
to follow the progress or development of sb / sth
a mass of bushes and plants that grow close together under trees in woods and forests
to cut or shape sth or make sth smooth using a file
to understand sth / sb wrongly
things that people collect because they once belonged to a famous person , or because they are connected with a particular interesting place , event or activity
not receiving the success that you are trying to achieve
a fact or an event that can be used to estimate or judge sth
from one end to or towards the other end of sth
a bad or harmful thing ; the bad effect of sth
not done or said using the shortest , simplest or most direct way possible
to stop sth that is flowing from spreading or increasing
to offer sth for people to buy
an ugly lump that has grown on a part of an animal 's body or on a plant
to think of or produce a new idea , product , etc. and make it successful
opposed to great or sudden social change ; showing that you prefer traditional styles and values
a person , especially a man , who is admired by many people for doing sth brave or good
showing or involving sexual desire and pleasure ; intended to make sb feel sexual desire
used to say that you are in a very good position , especially because you have done sth successfully
to obtain a lot of money from sb by making them pay very high taxes or prices
to travel on holiday / vacation carrying your equipment and clothes in a backpack
a person who worships or loves sb / sth
a particular type of food
a stamp or mark put in your passport by officials of a foreign country that gives you permission to enter , pass through or leave their country
the furthest point , end or limit of sth
the floor of a building that is at the same level as the ground outside
an important person
a system that ideas or beliefs can be arranged into
to stay somewhere for a short time , especially at sb 's house
the leaves of the mustard plant that are eaten raw in salads
to give information about sb / sth to an enemy
the abbreviation for ‘ Joint Photographic Experts Group ’ ( technology which reduces the size of files that contain images )
to try to make sth seem less important than it really is
not damaged by the thing mentioned
an organization that produces and owns or controls smaller organizations of the same type
working or acting for yourself rather than for the state or for a group or company , especially in health or education
having the type of ears mentioned
to make sth that existed in the past exist or seem to exist again
to destroy sth such as a plant with disease , cold , heat , etc .
to play a musical instrument , especially a piano , while sb else sings or plays the main tune
to move away from a crowd or group , especially in a race
the fact of being offside in a game such as football ( soccer ) or hockey
coming from the side rather than from the front or back
consisting of young people or young children ; with a low average age
fired with the gun touching or very close to the person or thing it is aimed at
to put a ship in a berth or keep it there ; to sail into a berth
a thing that is used to make people interested in sth
to do more than you are able or want to do ; to make sb / sth do more than they are able or want to do
happening or appearing at noon
to s tart to exist ; to appear or become known
without any extra explanation or detail to help you understand or accept what is being said
a place where food , etc. can be kept fresh or frozen until it is needed ; the storing of sth in such a place
to be much better than sb you are competing against
a state of extreme excitement , fear or anger in which a person , or a group of people , loses control of their emotions and starts to cry , laugh , etc .
to make use of a source of energy , knowledge , etc. that already exists
feeling healthy and full of energy because you have had a rest
a person who is loved very much by sb
an act of returning to a strong position after a period of difficulty or weakness
weak ; easily damaged or broken
a place where a road leads away from the one you are travelling on
a large land mass that forms part of a continent , especially the part of Asia that includes India , Pakistan and Bangladesh
good at learning , understanding and thinking in a logical way about things ; showing this ability
to talk about sth in a serious way , especially when other people think this is boring
a thin pointed piece of metal like a nail with a raised spiral line ( called a thread ) along it and a line or cross cut into its head . Screws are turned and pressed into wood , metal , etc. with a screwdriver in order to fasten two things together .
a written or printed version of a piece of music showing what each instrument is to play or what each voice is to sing
used to show that what you are saying is not surprising or is generally known or accepted
the very fine soft feathers of a bird
to reduce the price of sth
used to say how important sth is to sb
in the way that is well known to people
the plants of a particular area , type of environment or period of time
having won a prize
a general rise in the prices of services and goods in a particular country , resulting in a fall in the value of money ; the rate at which this happens
if a sports player , team , actor , etc. fades , they stop playing or performing as well as they did before
a large ball of burning gas in space that we see as a point of light in the sky at night
a person who leaves their country to live in another
food prepared in a particular way as part of a meal
to shape sth on a lathe
an event of a particular type happening in the evening
to stop happening or existing ; to stop sth from happening or existing
a person who buys goods or uses services
connected with the part of the world that is to the east of Europe
of or belonging to you
expressing your opinion or intention very clearly and firmly
extremely , and in a way that makes you feel annoyed , upset , etc .
a plan or an intention
a small dirty mark on sth
finely chopped meat , fish , etc. formed into a small round flat shape
making you feel shy , awkward or ashamed
to clean or brush an animal
a strong opinion or belief
having escaped from a place
to be different from sth ; to do sth in a different way from what is usual or expected
a connection between things where one is caused by the other
relating to space and the position , size , shape , etc. of things in it
an area of land that is ruled over by an emir
the size or power of a piece of equipment , especially the engine of a vehicle
showing no feeling or emotion ; dull
all the persons who live in a particular place or belong to a particular country , race , etc .
a flat shape with three straight sides and three angles ; a thing in the shape of a triangle
showing too much energy or enthusiasm
being searched for by the police , in connection with a crime
very sensitive and well developed
a large group of singers
with great energy , effort and determination
that you cannot doubt or question
the fact of sb approving of sth and allowing it to happen
making you feel as if you are going to fall asleep , especially because of a regular , repeated noise or movement
to shout sth very loudly
expressing strong emotion in a way that is beautiful and shows imagination
caring too much about small and unimportant matters , especially when this is unkind to other people
an interest in one thing more than others ; a special ability
a small metal or plastic object used for holding things together or in place
to join , to be connected with , or to work for an organization
to laugh in a silly way because you are amused , embarrassed or nervous
existing or happening in some places and not others
to give sb / sth special rights or advantages that others do not have
a condition or an arrangement in a legal document
a title printed at the top of a page or at the beginning of a section of a book
a fixed number of votes that a candidate needs in order to be elected
bored or unhappy , especially with a situation that has continued for too long
smooth , level and flat
to make sb / sth available for a particular purpose
to make it difficult to see , hear or understand sth
a container made of plastic or metal divided into small sections , for transporting or storing bottles
showing lack of control ; publicly violent or noisy
involving a lot of danger and the risk of injury , death , damage , etc .
the number of people who attend a sports event
to make a film / movie of a story or a real event
a word or statement that can be understood in more than one way
to make an event less enjoyable than it should be
( in Britain ) a group of people who regularly hunt foxes as a sport
to make sb unable to hear the sounds around them because there is too much noise
the state of being too ill / sick to do your work or take care of yourself
a meeting ( often a public one ) at which a journalist asks sb questions in order to find out their opinions
joined to sth
showing great determination to succeed or to achieve sth , especially sth di fficult
a raised area of ground that slopes at the sides , often at the edge of sth or dividing sth
to carelessly allow sb to have an advantage
something that you say or write that gives information or an opinion
to defeat or destroy sb / sth
a substance used to make a liquid thicker
to rain heavily
connected with the state of health of the mind or with the treatment of illnesses of the mind
to steal sth from somewhere
rather dirty , usually because it has not been washed or cleaned
an action or a movement of your body that happens naturally in response to sth and that you cannot control ; sth that you do without thinking
a person who introduces a television or radio show , and talks to guests
to do or say nothing more about sb / sth
a period of time between two things that happen
to make sb / yourself accept an unpleasant situation because it is not possible to change it
to continue to exist or take part in an activity for a longer time than sb / sth
to open and use sth that has been kept for an emergency
using the flat part of the hand
completely new / different
something that produces a reaction in a human , an animal or a plant
to keep trying to find sth or meet sb
an extra separate section , often in the form of a magazine , that is sold with a newspaper
the state of looking or being complete in a natural and pleasing way
the amount of space or distance that is needed between two objects so that they do not touch each other
not in prison
to impress sb a lot by the things you say , especially if these are not true or not sincere
the difference in value between imports and exports
a strong regular beat ; a feeling of pain that you experience as a series of strong beats
having straps
to have enough beds for a particular number of people
a public festival , usually one that happens at a regular time each year , that involves music and dancing in the streets , for which people wear brightly coloured clothes
the height of sth in relation to the ground or to what it used to be
having features that make use of advanced technology
the act of examining and recording the measurements , features , etc. of an area of land in order to make a map or plan of it
matching sth in size , importance , quality , etc .
to say or write the letters of a word in the correct order
that is considered to be too important to change or question
in the way that things should happen or are supposed to happen
used before particular nouns without the , to say that sth happens as a result of sth
an act of hitting sth / sb hard
a type of cloth made of wool with a smooth surface , used for making clothes
to shock sb / sth very much or make them afraid
rich and successful
not trained or influenced by experience ; natural
to speak quickly and with difficulty , making soft spitting sounds , because you are angry or embarrassed
a passage built underground , for example to allow a road or railway / railroad to go through a hill , under a river , etc .
a repeated change between different feelings , types of behaviour or ideas
leaving a mark that cannot be removed
used as a way of attracting sb 's attention
aimed at solving a problem , especially when this involves correcting or improving sth that has been done wrong
a fact or an event that makes you want to do sth better or more quickly
special , good or unusual and therefore worth remembering or easy to remember
used to say that sth can only happen or be true in a particular situation
an act of listening
having three stars in a system that measures quality . The highest standard is usually represented by four or five stars .
the small bubbles of gas in a liquid
the areas of a country that are away from the coast , from the banks of a large river or from the main cities
a regular rise and fall in the level of the sea , caused by the pull of the moon and sun ; the flow of water that happens as the sea rises and falls
a garden tool with a broad metal blade and a long handle , used for digging
( especially in the theatre ) the use of movements of your hands or body and the expressions on your face to tell a story or to act sth without speaking ; a performance using this method of acting
clear plastic tape that is sticky on one side , used for sticking things together
the act or art of using paint to produce pictures
the quality or sense of purpose that makes you feel that your life is valuable
a source of heat , especially one that you cook food on
a long line or series of marks that is left by sb / sth
used in the names of some British government departments
warm and damp
the state of feeling excited
something that is in the public domain is available for everyone to use or to discuss and is not secret
a person 's first child
certain or likely to happen , or to do or be sth
the fourth letter of the English alphabet
to break or crush sth into very small pieces between two hard surfaces or using a special machine
a group of people who work together to achieve sth that they are particularly interested in , especially by putting pressure on the government , etc .
a ghost
to move a liquid or substance around , using a spoon or sth similar , in order to mix it thoroughly
to stop sth from being sold
not present or not available
to be fired ; to explode
included or allowed because of your job , position or rank
to cause sb pain or suffering
involving two people or groups who agree to help each other or behave in the same way to each other
something that sb says that shows great understanding
to become better than before ; to make sth / sb better than before
a short journey made for pleasure , especially one that has been organized for a group of people
that cannot be touched or changed by other people
to produce sth again ; to make sth happen again in the same way
to make a place dark by turning off lights , covering windows , etc .
an animal of the horse family , with short legs and long ears . People ride donkeys or use them to carry heavy loads .
to make it likely that you will suffer from a particular illness
an act of scoring points by touching the ground behind your opponents ' goal line with the ball
a process of teaching , training and learning , especially in schools or colleges , to improve knowledge and develop skills
if a story , an idea , information , etc. circulates or if you circulate it , it spreads or it is passed from one person to another
crazy or stupid behaviour that could be dangerous
a secret place which is full of bad people and their activities
to become or make sb completely involved in sth
a person who enjoys doing dangerous things , in a way that other people may think is stupid
providing communication between people on a ship and people on land
a sharp blade with a handle , used for cutting or as a weapon
a plan for getting money or some other advantage for yourself , especially one that inv olves cheating other people
sheets of paper that are held together at the top and used for writing notes on
something that is joined on to sth else and forms a part of it
for people who wish to park their cars for a long period
to prepare medicine and give it to people , as a job
a woman or girl chosen to perform official duties at a festival or celebration
to intend to do sth
female humans in general
to move your hands , head , face , etc. as a way of expressing what you mean or want
a case with flat sides and a handle , used for carrying clothes , etc. when you are travelling
a continuous low noise
far away from places where other people live
behaving in a very good and moral way
to move or make a vehicle move sideways
to study and repeat sth in order to be able to remember it
used to say that you do not want sth or will not allow sth
a word or group of words that describes a noun phrase or restricts its meaning in some way , and is placed after it
the state of being similar ; a similar feature
used when sb has almost had an accident , broken sth , etc .
a person who needs other people to take care of them , because of illness that they have had for a long time
existing in thought or as an idea but not having a physical reality
if two or more things , people or activities do not mix , they are likely to cause problems or danger if they are combined
to state publicly that you have no knowledge of sth or that you are not responsible for sth / sb
doing the thing mentioned more , or more deeply , than usual
the players in a team whose job is to try to score goals or points
that can be described or considered simply as sth
in a way that shows you approve of or agree with sth / sb
above or further than a particular point or stage
old-fashioned
too much of a drug taken at one time
used to say how far you have got in a list of things you have to do
a television or radio programme that has been broadcast before
an act of arranging hair in a particular style while it is wet
to cheat sb , especially by making them pay too much money for sth
to write out or complete a form or document
used to emphasize that what is true about the first thing you have said is even more true about the second
consisting of things or people that are all the same or all of the same type
the point towards which people direct their attention
to make sth such as an area of a city more expensive and fashionable , and attractive to yuppies
to make sb who has died come to life again
an attitude towards sth or an opinion that you make clear to people
to not want to eat sth
a person 's stomach and bowels
very high ; too high
a room in which alcoholic drinks are served at a bar
to make sth , especially hair , smooth and shiny
a strong feeling that you want to be loyal to sb / sth
seriously mentally ill and unable to live in normal society
good at noticing things around you
to hold sb / sth gently in your arms or hands
a place in a wall , etc. where a piece of equipment can be connected to electricity
a large amount of water falling or pouring down
the fact of making a mistake about who sb is or what sth is
to take a piece of skin , bone , etc. from one part of the body and attach it to a damaged part
happening once a month or every month
stiff and difficult to move or bend
made to feel interested and excited
earning more money than other similar things or people
great respect and admiration for sb
to put sb / sth into a particular state by hitting them / it
in an Italian style
to admit that you have been defeated by sb / sth
activi ty that encourages people to believe in the value or importance of sth , or that helps sth to succeed
the main structure that supports a building , etc .
chickens , ducks and geese , kept for their meat or eggs
a device that makes a long loud sound as a signal or warning
to say or believe that sth is the result of a particular thing
to develop a plan , an idea , etc. and make it complicated or detailed
a piece of skin , bone , etc. removed from a living body and placed in another part of the body which has been damaged ; the process or result of doing this
to love and admire sb very much , especially so much that you cannot see their faults
the fact of owning a building or piece of land for a period of time that is not limited
a thing that is made or that happens only once and not regularly
at or to a high standard , level or amount
the way you are feeling at a particular time
the process of making sth , or of becoming , warm or warmer
to arrange the result of sth in a way that is not honest or fair
not normal and likely to be harmful
the point from which sth starts ; the cause of sth
an artificial substance or material
the distance over which you can stretch your arms to touch sth ; the distance over which a particular object can be used to touch sth else
to give sb / sth a name that describes what they are or do
humorous
the end of a period or process
making you feel happier or giving you more hope
kind in your attitude to other people , especially when you are judging them
with milk added
to bring two or more people together again after they have been separated for a long time ; to come together again
a machine or device used for mixing things
to supply or provide sth with too much of sth
a group of students of the same age and level of ability in some schools
a long deep sound , usually expressing unhappiness , suffering or sexual pleasure
written after the number of a page or line to mean ‘ and the following pages or lines ’
used with some nouns to show that you are giving or doing the thing mentioned
without either team scoring a goal
to move from one part of the world to another according to the season
filling a complete page of a newspaper or magazine
to make a small cut in sth
that cannot be divided exactly by the number two
to get sth useful from a situation ; to be useful to sb or give them an advantage
to polish sth with a soft cloth
a person who is especially liked and very popular
the activity or operation of sth ; the influence of sth on sth else
some of the music , and sometimes some speech , from a film / movie or musical that is released on CD , the Internet , etc. for people to buy
to claim to be , do or have sth , especially when this is not true
with a lot of decorations or bright colours
to ride a bicycle ; to travel by bicycle
a fall or reduction in the amount , level or number of sth
the act of washing yourself with a shower
an unconscious state in which sb can still see and hear and can be influenced to follow commands or answer questions
an organization , a large institution or a hotel
the Scottish parliament and government
to lose blood , especially from a wound or an injury
able to make a way into or through sth
to break the surface of your skin by rubbing it against sth rough
the legal right and freedom to do sth
an act of raising your shoulders and then dropping them to show that you do not know or care about sth
a ship or lorry / truck that carries oil , gas or petrol / gas in large quantities
something that is used by sb in order to achieve sth ; a person or thing that makes sth happen
the main part of the continent of Europe , not including Britain or Ireland
to fasten sth to sth with a nail or nails
to use a particular name or word to describe sb / sth
the edge of a piece of cloth that has been folded over and sewn , especially on a piece of clothing
to move a switch , etc. towards yourself or down in order to operate a machine or piece of equipment
the groups of people who are considered to have the lowest social status and who have less money and / or power than other people in society
a non-standard spelling of ‘ love ’ , used especially to refer to romantic love
a short sharp sound
the act of performing a task or a duty or of paying money that is owed
a low wall along the edge of a bridge , a roof , etc. to stop people from falling
weak ; not able to protect yourself ; having no protection
too proud of your own appearance , abilities or achievements
a female
a type of entertainment in a field or park at which people can ride on large machines and play games to win prizes
an act or the sound of sobbing
of or in the continent of Europe , not including Britain and Ireland
not liking to argue ; wishing to live in peace with others
in a literal way
a person who has the right to belong to a particular country , especially one with a king or queen
an army or a country that enters another country by force in order to take control of it ; a soldier fighting in such an army
to form an idea of the cost , size , value etc. of sth , but without calculating it exactly
to take out the contents of sth and put them somewhere else
a college or university ; the time that you spend there
full of life and energy ; active and enthusiastic
shoes that have very high heels , usually worn by women
a business owned by two or more people who share t he profits
all the weapons and military equipment that a country has
a person who pretends to have qualities , abilities , etc. that they do not really have in order to cheat other people
having the type of skin mentioned
small and thin
to not do sth or deal with sth immediately
a person or thing that is the centre of attention
not influenced by personal feelings or opinions ; considering only facts
used for addressing a male person
a person who writes a diary , especially one that is later published
a person or thing that does sth wrong
to try or plan to achieve sth
to be of a particular size or amount
used to admit that sth is possible , but to say that it is not very important
very careful behaviour in a difficult situation so that nobody is offended
a person that you do not know
making you feel very sad , usually because sb has died or suffered a lot
quick and clever
critical in a severe or c lever way
a group of pieces of writing , especially by a particular person or on a particular subject
a liquid without colour , smell or taste that falls as rain , is in lakes , rivers and seas , and is used for drinking , washing , etc .
very lively and active
that you suppose to be true or to exist
a feeling that bad things will happen and that sth will not be successful ; the tendency to have this feeling
to put money into a bank account
used to explain exactly what the previous thing that you have mentioned means ( from Latin ‘ id est ’ )
to make fingers , legs , etc. become further apart from each other or spread out ; to be spread out wide apart
an action or move in a game
a person who is likely to be successful in a competition
used to express satisfaction that you were right about sth or to show that sth annoys you
a sports competition involving a number of teams or players who take part in different games and mus t leave the competition if they lose . The competition continues until there is only the winner left .
intelligence
relaxed , calm and happy , especially after drinking alcohol
if a part of your body twitches , or if you twitch it , it makes a sudden quick movement , sometimes one that you cannot control
to separate different arguments , ideas , etc. that have become confused
shaped like a hoop
the basic systems and services that are necessary for a country or an organization to run smoothly , for example buildings , transport and water and power supplies
used to show that you feel annoyed or insulted because you do not think that sth is worth very much
that involves aggressive ways of persuading sb to do sth or to buy sth
probably not honest
a period of time between two events during which sth different happens
not anyone ; no person
Association Football Club
a book or a film / movie about events that happened before those in a popular book or film / movie
showing in your behaviour that you are anxious and nervous
the district or office of a bishop or an archbishop
a short whip used by horse riders
to officially take sth away from sb , especially as a punishment
to study and give a general description of sth
to make sb / sth fall to the ground by shooting them / it
the scenery used for a play , film / movie , etc .
to increase or make sth increase very much in number or amount
used to say what happened later
an act of cutting sth with scissors ; the sound that this makes
not very great in amount or extent
to accept sth without arguing , even if you do not really agree with it
morally bad
very expensive and looking very impressive
to fix all your attention on the person or thing mentioned
to have an unpleasant effect
to have a feeling , an idea , a plan , etc. for a long time and encourage it to develop
as far or fully as possible
existing or happening at the same time
an unpleasant situation or event that causes problems for sb / sth
to let saliva ( = the liquid produced in the mouth ) run out of the mouth , especially when hungry or excited
the most important and advanced position in an area of activity , especially technology
one of the areas that a larger area is divided into for the purpose of organization
to say that sth will happen in the future
not real , but made to look , feel , etc. like the real thing
to make sure that sth is done fairly and in the correct way
a system of stars , planets , etc. in space outside our own
to be enough for everyone to have one or some
also ; included ; in addition
to state officially that you are no longer going to keep a title , position , etc .
the practice of controlling the number of children a person has , using various methods of contraception
a written statement describing the rights that a particular group of people should have
one of the things from which sth is made , especially one of the foods that are used together to make a particular dish
in the same way as
a person , either male or female
to make a sound like a tight wire or string being pulled and released ; to make sth do this
an interesting or enjoyable place to go or thing to do
connected with scientific experiments
a collection of information shown in numbers
connected with a cross section of sth ( = a surface or an image formed by cutting through sth from top to bottom )
used in written English to represent an informal way of saying of
having too much flesh on it and weighing too much
if food repeats , you can taste it for some time after you have eaten it
to give sth to sb and receive sth in exchange
to come out from your mouth without you intending it to
all together ; at the same time
a method , style or manner of doing sth
a small flying insect that is harmful to plants
to be successful ; to work
the way that you think and feel about sb / sth ; the way that you behave towards sb / sth that shows how you think and feel
the process of destroying sth / sb or being destroyed
the person who creates or starts sth , especially a plan or an idea
to have a powerful effect on sb
costing nothing
a model of a person that makes them look ugly
opposite to what has been mentioned
the whole system of rules that everyone in a country or society must obey
words or phrases that a group of people shout or sing again and again
to have a strong desire for sth
to become or to make a feeling , an emotion , etc. become gentler and less strong
very close to
suffering from a fever
quickly ; fast
a hard yellowish-white substance like bone that forms the tusks ( = long teeth ) of elephants and some other animals
to drive or travel quickly
to support sth with a stake ( 1 )
to give some of the power of a central government , organization , etc. to smaller parts or organizations around the country
an idea , a feeling , etc. that is extremely harmful
a warning or a piece of advice about a possible danger or risk
to make sb feel very ashamed or embarrassed
to become separated from sth it was stuck or fastened to
involving the use of weapons
based on a scale in which the third note is a semitone / half tone higher than the second note
arranged or planned in the way mentioned
producing many works , etc .
to improve or develop over a period of time ; to make progress
Incorporated ( used after the name of a company in the US )
to support sth
to prevent sth ; to make it difficult for sth to happen or exist
to be left somewhere after the ship that you have been sailing in has been lost or destroyed at sea
the part of a company that deals with selling its products
not thinking carefully about the possible effects of sth or what might happen in the future
expressing disapproval of sb / sth and saying what you think is bad about them
a building where Christians go to worship
the strength or energy contained in sth
an occasion when you realize sth or become aware of sth
in a way connected with the trade , industry and development of wealth of a country , an area or a society
a book , film / movie , play , etc. that continues the story of an earlier one
to remove everything that is in a container , etc .
to go under the surface of water or liquid ; to put sth or make sth go under the surface of water or liquid
old and in very bad condition
to run somewhere very fast
wearing livery
more important than anything else
the reporting of news and sport in newspapers and on the radio and television
quite good
the degree to which sb is respected or liked by other people
very careful to notice any signs of danger or trouble
to take sth / sb away from a place
to invite sb to enter a competition , fight , etc ; to suggest strongly that sb should do sth ( especially when you think that they might be unwilling to do it )
to make sth / sb come out of a container or its / their position by holding or lifting it / them at an angle
a person or thing that is not helpful or useful
violent and cruel
a thin string of cotton , wool , silk , etc. used for sewing or making cloth
the feeling of happiness that you have when sth unpleasant stops or does not happen
a continuous sound or feeling like the beats of a drum
to lose too much water from your body ; to make a person 's body lose too much water
the act of making sounds in speech or music
used to describe the oldest style of architecture in ancient Greece that has thick plain columns and no decoration at the top
one of the parts into which a textbook or a series of lessons is divided
what a person likes or prefers
a separate section of a book , usually with a number or title
a group of plants or trees of one kind
a public statement or action showing that you support sb / sth
relating to words
a curved hollow space in the surface of sth that another part fits into or moves around in
money given as a promise that you will pay a debt , appear in court , etc .
behaving like a magnet ( 1 )
used to make a statement , request or suggestion less direct or less strong
to use sign language to communicate with sb
very serious and often causing great pain or suffering
to draw lines , shapes , etc , especially when you are bored or thinking about sth else
to become or make sth become a fossil
soft and designed to be cuddled
to move or make sb / sth move from side to side or up and down
to make changes to sth such as the borders of a country or region , a plan , an arrangement , etc .
never drinking alcohol
a slight stinging feeling on the skin
that can be done or achieved
a story about a love affair
to gradually become known or spread through a group or society
used to emphasize they or a plural subject
to attack sb violently with blows or words
used to describe the style of architecture in Britain in the 11th and 12th centuries that developed from the Romanesque style
strong criticism
not willing to change their ideas or behaviour
used to talk about a place or an organization that people enter and then leave again very quickly
treating the whole person rather than just the symptoms ( = effects ) of a disease
too far or too advanced for sb / sth
a solid or hollow object that is shaped like a cone
the quality of being very great , serious or powerful
a process of getting rid of things or people that you no longer want
if a part of your body is numb , you cannot feel anything in it , for example because of cold
to try hard to stop , deal with or oppose sth bad
lit by candles
the expression of an idea or a feeling in words
sensible ; based on good judgement
a route from one place to another especially when it is used for a particular purpose
developing from or being strongly influenced by sth
extremely delicate and light ; seeming to belong to another , more spiritual , world
not clear because of haze
to flood a place with water
a part of the body or clothing of a holy person , or sth that they owned , that is kept after their death and respected as a religious object
not clear ; without a clear outline or shape
the main office of a company ; the managers who work there
a sudden painful stiff feeling in the muscles of your neck or back
something that represents a perfect example or a principle
a party ; a social event
a person who has a lot of a particular quality or characteristic
to make a serious and urgent request
a person who is responsible for taking care of a particular place and making sure that the rules are obeyed
short
used to say hello or goodbye politely when people first see each other or leave each other during the day
the final score or result in a game , competition , etc .
to face a particular direction
causing a feeling of strong dislike ; very unpleasant
used in negative sentences and questions , or sentences with if to mean ‘ at any time ’
to be the real or imaginary line or barrier that separates two people or things
to make a new or different version of sth such as an old film / movie or song ; to make sth again
to find an acceptable solution to a problem or difficulty
sometimes but not often
already existing but not seen , experienced , etc. before ; not familiar
a person who is trying to find or get the thing mentioned
a series of images , events and feelings that happen in your mind while you are asleep
showing respect and support for a particular person or belief in a way that does not change , even in different situations
in or to a part of a state that is far from its main cities , especially a northern part
to feel sorry for sb ; to show that you understand and feel sorry about sb 's problems
a mark on the skin or on an object that spoils it and makes it look less beautiful or perfect
to have enough space for sth / sb ; to be able to hold or contain a particular quantity
a situation causing very ser ious damage and destruction
to shape metal by heating it in a fire and hitting it with a hammer ; to make an object in this way
a tartan pattern connected with a particular group of families ( = a clan ) in Scotland
to exist in great numbers or quantities
to take a particular direction or often have a particular quality
a queue of people
the action of quickly pushing your fingers or another object into sb / sth
highest
not clear or easy to understand
an act of smoking a cigarette
a way of deciding whether sth is successful or true
to present sth in a new way
to prevent an aircraft from taking off
to make sb fail an exam , a test , or a course by giving them a low mark / grade
a statement of gov ernment policy
a person who pays to receive a service
the state of knowing about a particular fact or situation
based on reason rather than emotions
the act of investing extra money in a place or an activity that needs it
to sail along , over or through a sea , river etc .
to take control of a country or city and its people by force
a small piece of thick carpet or strong material that is used to cover part of a floor
a legal agreement by which a bank lends you money to buy a house , etc. which you pay back over many years ; the sum of money that is lent
a group of people who have similar interests and spend a lot of time together socially
the state or process that happens when no more of sth can be accepted or added because there is already too much of it or too many of them
underpants or knickers
a situation in which a ship , plane , etc. is in danger or difficulty and needs help
covered with plants that have been allowed to grow wild and have not been controlled
not limited to a particular subject , use or activity
to hit a surface and come off it fast at a different angle
a student in the form mentioned at school
an animal that kills and eats other animals
about
too noticeable , direct , etc. in a way that is disturbing or annoying
a unit of money in several European countries
to cover food lightly with sugar , flour , etc .
the act of drinking alcohol
happening before the normal or expected time
the way a person performs in a play , concert , etc .
in a way that shows that there is no liquid present
to provide a candidate , speaker , team , etc. to represent you in an election , a competition , etc .
used to describe a period of time that is a few weeks or months into the future
a protest in which a group of workers , students , etc. refuse to leave their factory , college , etc. until people listen to their demands
to make sb / sth seem attractive or good
protected by metal covers
of very little importance or size and not worth considering
a form of energy from charged elementary particles , usually supplied as electric current through cables , wires , etc. for lighting , heating , driving machines , etc .
causing people or things to become united
to make a player or team have to stop their turn at batting
not nearly ; not at all
the period of time between two connected events
cold and wet
a feeling of anger and surprise caused by sth that you think is unfair or unreasonable
expensive
connected with or using a telescope ; making things look larger as a telescope does
containing salt
by putting together the efforts or actions of two or more people or groups
to be in time to do sth , talk to sb , etc .
to decide that sth is not possible
any of the separate parts of a meal
Limited English Proficient ( used to describe students who cannot speak English very well )
to crush food into a soft mass
a person who arranges things
an act of running or driving after sb / sth in order to catch them
a large vehicle used for carrying heavy objects , for example other vehicles
an important position that is noticed by people
to be in or move into a position where your body is supported on your knee or knees
to separate sth , usually sth you do not want , from a group of things
a short period of a particular activity or strong emotion that often starts suddenly
to make sb lose power or be defeated
to change a process , so that the work is done by machines rather than people
to hit a football with your head
a large number of complicated rules or details that are difficult to understand
a scene showing , for example , events and people from history , that is presented by a group of actors who do not move or speak
to produce a crop
compared with sb / sth
very strong and sudden
unsuccessful because it does not produce the result you wanted
the first public appearance of a performer or sports player
the amount of space between two places or things
to deliberately not include sth in what you are doing or considering
to lose very badly in a sports game
to play with sth and move it around carelessly or without thinking
to send sb a copy of a letter or email message that you are sending to sb else
used to talk about wanting to get rid of sb / sth
an expression used especially by children or when speaking to children to talk about passing solid waste from the body
that can be expanded
according to what people say
wrong in your opinion or judgement
a negative quality ; a disadvantage
the pleasant smell that sth has
to make a diagram or chart from some information
a war between groups of people in the same country
the situation when the relationships within a society , family , etc. are not working normally
to talk in a friendly informal way to sb
the outside part of the chest where the heart is
the thin pointed end of sth
to contract the muscles in your body or part of your body before doing sth that is physically difficult
the removal of things that are not wanted
Limited ( used after the name of a British company or business )
to be the first thing that you see , hear or smell at a particular time
a plant with a sweet smell and small white and yellow flowers . Its dried leaves and flowers are used to make tea , medicine , etc .
very well ; in a pleasing way
an electronic machine that can store , organize and find information , do calculations and control other machines
to deal with or manage sth badly
saying only what you really think or feel
to make a mark on a soft surface by pressing
a race between small light boats with pairs of sculls
done without skill or in a way that offends people
an achievement , event , etc , never done or experienced before
the hiring of a plane , boat , etc .
a diagram that shows how sth will be arranged
a long steady look at sb / sth
the part that is in the centre of sth
not ordinary or usual ; different from what is normal
to stop giving or offering sth to sb
not going or allowing you to go at a fast speed
all the people who live in a particular area , city or country ; the total number of people who live there
used to refer to sth / sb that has already been mentioned
strongly supporting the ideas of socialism
a person who is original and very different from others
to swell or make sth swell , especially in an unpleasant way
to make sth such as a bad situation , a belief , etc. continue for a long time
to make a group of people accept a decision , law , etc. quickly by putting pressure on them
strongly rejecting sth
because of the fact that
to be unwilling to do or accept sth
a thing that is certain to happen
to fill sth with a large number of people or things so that it is unable to function as it should
a substance that attracts sth , especially an animal
some words or a piece of information that helps you find the answers to a crossword , a game or a question
continuing from a particular time
to send sb an extremely large number of email messages
the sound or action of small drops of liquid falling continuously
having sth pleasant
the power that is believed to control everything that happens and that cannot be stopped or changed
to have the same number of points
to find out how many times one number is contained in another
used , always with a word or phrase in front of it , to describe a group of people who share the same opinions or are similar in some other way
a way of writing a novel , etc. as the experience of sb else , using third person forms
a set of clothing worn for a particular activity
that closely matches the sounds represented
to lift sth up or put sth in a higher position
actually happening or existing in life , not in books , stories or films / movies
to fasten things together with a bolt
a place where vehicles can leave a road to join another road
not very large , strong or important
attractive
in a way that has a special or secret meaning
to give a child everything that they ask for and not enough discipline in a way that has a bad effect on their character and behaviour
a good reputation ; respect from other people
to have sth that is impressive and that you can be proud of
tasks that are part of your job
needing to be filled with air or gas before you use it
showing the feelings , etc. that you would expect in a particular situation
a dangerous and difficult action that sb does to entertain people , especially as part of a film / movie
the state of being human and not living for ever
the largest part of a group of people or things
the quality of being extremely good
a loud continuous noise made by the wind or sea , or by a machine
a piece of land next to or around your house where you can grow flowers , fruit , vegetables , etc , usually with a lawn ( = an area of grass )
to make the work of a shop / store , etc. stop for a period of time ; to not be open for people to use
connected with sex or the body in a way that people find offensive or embarrassing
an unreasonable dislike of or preference for a person , group , custom , etc , especially when it is based on their race , religion , sex , etc .
the state of not being able to use a part of your body completely or easily ; the state of not being able to learn easily
suffering from sunburn
in a way that is certain or that shows that you are certain
seeming to be asking a question or demanding an answer to sth
said or done in a very unfriendly way
a stage in a process of change or development
a legal process to stop a person or company from doing sth , or to make them pay for a mistake , etc .
able to be added to a computer system so that it can do more things
the crime of forcing sb to have sex with you , especially using violence
very small pieces of stone or sand
to receive sth as a punishment
if you meet sb 's eye ( s ) , you look directly at them as they look at you ; if two people 's eyes meet , they look directly at each other
a small light that keeps changing from bright to faint to bright again
the things that you have bought from shops / stores
without delay
something that an object stands on or is attached to for support
a thorough examination of sb / sth
left and no longer wanted , used or needed
connected with a person 's left hand
to make sb / sth change direction
the act of damaging sb 's reputation by saying or writing bad or false things about them
dark and full of shadows
to move your head forwards and downwards
a small fruit that grows on a bush . There are several types of berry , some of which can be eaten .
a written message that you send using a mobile / cell phone
a person who hits someone
to give sb a responsibility or task
to stop sb from doing sth ; to stop sth from happening
to write sth quickly
a special cover for any small electronic device that you can carry with you so that you can listen to music
to move through the air , using wings
to cover sb with sth so that they are warm and comfortable
political support given to one country or group by another
if you or your money will not run to sth , you do not have enough money for sth
to arrive at a particular point or stage of sth after a period of time
a person who trains a person or team in sport
something that you hope to achieve
to change position or make sb / sth change position in a way that can be seen , heard or felt
the state of being suitable or good enough for sth
showing no feeling or emotion
towards the north
to vomit ( = bring food from the stomach back out through the mouth )
a narrow area of high land along the top of a line of hills ; a high pointed area near the top of a mountain
all the skills needed for a particular activity
to spend extra time doing sth because you have not done it earlier
to be understood
to act in a dishonest way in order to gain an advantage , especially in a game , a competition , an exam , etc .
made warm or brown by the sun
causing or able to cause a lot of harm or damage
not containing much fat or not having a strong flavour and therefore easy for the stomach to digest
a special mark / grade or award that is given to sb , especially a student , for excellent work
to travel or go somewhere with sb
for part of the day or week in which people work
a substance that is added in small amounts to sth , especially food , in order to improve it , give it colour , make it last longer , etc .
to happen ; to be said or done
intended to cheat sb , usually in order to make money illegally
not having the things , such as education , or enough money , that people need in order to succeed in life
a long curved channel made of metal or plastic that is fixed under the edge of a roof to carry away the water when it rains
to stop or get rid of sth
a bush with small dark green leaves that remain on the bush and stay green all year , often used for garden hedges
to find sb who is suitable for a senior job and persuade them to leave their present job
to combine , or to make units of a chemical combine , to make a polymer
the legal position of a person , group or country
the system , process or business of broadcasting television programmes
the abbreviation for ‘ Commander ( of the Order ) of the British Empire ’ ( an award given in Britain to some people for a special achievement )
to write a list of things in a particular order
a lazy person who does nothing for other people or for society
to defeat sb completely
to make sb or the things that sb does seem unimportant
happening or existing in all parts of a state of the US
careless and untidy writing
used to describe an aspect of sth that you consider to be a good thing
to form a picture in your mind of what sth might be like
used to tell people to be quiet
milk , eggs , cheese and other milk products
wearing clothes and not naked or wearing clothes for sleeping
free to do what you like because you are not emotionally involved with anyone
without being harmed , damaged or lost
a judgement or opinion about the value or quality of sb / sth
lacking the ability to liv e and think independently because they have spent so long in an institution
famous and respected
to dislike sb very much
used after the name of a note to mean a note a semitone / half tone lower
a situation that relates to a particular person or thing
any night of the week except Saturday , Sunday and sometimes Friday night
a small round solid piece of medicine that you swallow
something that has been done very badly
an official document proving that you have completed a course of study or passed an exam ; a qualification obtained after a course of study or an exam
if you impale yourself on sth , or are impaled on it , you have a sharp pointed object pushed into you and you may be caught somewhere by it
paid in advance , before other payments are made
a quick , light movement
to pull sb / sth along with effort and difficulty
to perform a particular role or function
to make sb / yourself comfortable in a particular place or position
located in the south or facing south ; connected with or typical of the south part of the world or a region
used to say that sb / sth is not included in what you are talking about
the act of trying to achieve sth that is difficult or dangerous
used to describe good quality oil obtained the first time that olives are pressed
free from things that are blocking the way or covering the surface of sth
tall , thin and awkward in their movements
to try to sell goods by going from house to house or from place to place
language that uses a lot of words but does not say anything important or interesting
to waste money , time , etc. in a stupid or careless way
the activity of playing games of chance for money and of betting on horses , etc .
the act of stating sth or of making it known , especially in an indirect way
used to emphasize that you are annoyed with sb / sth
to cancel a meeting or an arrangement that you have made with sb
towards the ground or towards a lower level
to make a long deep hole with a tool or by digging
the lack of warm feelings ; unfriendly behaviour
having the same bad effect as sth else
a fault in sth or in the way it has been made which means that it is not perfect
on offer for sth
considering or including all parts of sth
if something can be done in principle , there is no good reason why it should not be done although it has not yet been done and there may be some difficulties
given or created by God
next in order of imp ortance , size , quality , etc. to one other person or thing
not acting quickly enough ; causing delay
without thinking about what you are doing
not looking healthy and strong
the violent killing of a large number of people
to join together two or more things ; to be joined together
very poor living conditions
appearing lonely and unhappy
to form lines or rows along sth
to support sb / sth by giving money
consisting of two parts
not using or taking sth
feeling disappointed about sth and wishing you had done sth different or had not done sth
happening , done or produced every day
in a thick , dark type
the thin layer that forms on the surface of some liquids , especially when they become cold
a title given to the winner of a beauty contest in a particular country , town , etc .
to make the same trip that sb else has made in the past
to find sb / sth by following the marks , signs , information , etc , that they have left behind them
to give sb sth that is not what they want or is of worse quality than they want
the action of holding sb / sth ; the way you are holding sb / sth
to have your home in a particular place
to stick sth onto sth else using sticky tape
courage and determination
connected with the transport of goods by sea
a word or phrase that is made by arranging the letters of another word or phrase in a different order
a fine net of threads made by a spider to catch insects ; a single thread of this net ( usually used when it is old and covered with dirt )
to be free of sb / sth that has been annoying you or that you do not want
to examine sth c losely
if sth contains sth else , it has that thing inside it or as part of it
not marked with a number ; not numbered
to offer a lower price for a house that you have already agreed to buy at a higher price , before the contract is signed
very strong feelings about sth
in the air ; existing above the ground
to formally ask for sth , especially in court
not attached to sth or trapped by sth
if a period of time elapses , it passes
a style of cooking
a person who supports or speaks in favour of sb or of a public plan or action
the fact that sth is used or accepted by a lot of people
a thing that makes sth cleaner , purer or more pleasant
to make sth seem right or legal ; to give official approval to sth
all the teachers of a particular university or college
possible to achieve or make happen
used to talk about sb you do not know who has done sth silly or annoying
to gain sth by your own efforts , ability or behaviour
moving quietly and carefully , hunting or looking for sth
the scientific study of the mind and how it influences behaviour
connected with architecture
a group of racehorses owned or trained by the same person
showing no real enjoyment or amusement
to establish sth very firmly so that it is very difficult to change
a large ship or boat
receiving light from the sun
to make sth look more brightly coloured and attractive
strange and difficult to explain
a place where people meet for an organized event , for example a concert , sporting event or conference
able to be trusted ; that you can rely on
a feeling of great sadness , especially when sb dies
very strong criticism of a person or group
to find your position or the position of your ship , plane , car etc. and the direction you need to go in , for example by using a map
a thing that is like sth else that is mentioned
connected with beliefs and principles about what is right and wrong
a covering of mould or a similar fungus , for example on a plant or wall
a person who has been found guilty of a crime and sent to prison
a person who dishonestly claims to have medical knowledge or skills
a man ; a gentleman
the act of putting pressure on a person or a group to do sth they do not want to do , for example by making threats or by making them feel guilty
to stop working correctly or become out of control
to give a decision about sth in court
in a cheerful way
an event or activity that affects you in some way
disagreement or a lack of friendship among people who have different opinions about sth
used in polite offers or invitations
His / Her Royal Highness
the date printed on food packages , etc. after which the food must not be sold
used to show that you feel sb / sth is lucky because a situation could have been much worse
a reason for doing sth
a word used in the past by Europeans to describe a person who lived in a place originally , before white people arrived there
treatment given to people to help them stop drinking alcohol or taking drugs
the outside edge of an area of land
to defeat sb / sth ; to gain control over sb / sth
an advantage or improvement
to give sb the correct clothes and / or equipment for a particular activity
be ing forced to do sth
a position in which a player 's king ( = the most important piece ) can be directly attacked by the other player 's pieces
a young bear , lion , fox , etc .
to deliberately make an estimate of the cost , value , etc. of sth that is too low
connected with government ; of a government
having a strong unreasonable fear or hatred of a particular thing
set in the past and full of action , adventure , fighting with swords , etc .
connected with driving a car
to give sb money that you owe them
having the type of blood mentioned
to have particular words , contents , etc .
believing strongly in the existence of a god or gods
to interrupt sb who is speaking on the telephone by breaking the connection
bringing no happiness ; without joy
used after ask , know , find out , wonder , etc. to introduce one of two or more possibilities
not very brightly or clearly
having won a victory ; that ends in victory
a country or an organization that has an agreement with another country
done , made , written , etc. in advance
a situation in which people can see everything that happens and nothing is private
to make sth become active again
the skin of a sheep with the wool still on it
to provide or lend money
dark red in colour
to make objects , patterns , etc. by cutting away material from wood or stone
to get pleasure from sth
the part of a piece of clothing that fits around the neck
used to express the attitude sb has towards sb / sth
to think about a situation as if you are not involved in it
a long , sharp curved part of the body of some types of shellfish , used for catching and holding things
to become smaller , especially when washed in water that is too hot ; to make clothes , cloth , etc. smaller in this way
to receive sth ; to win sth
the series of jobs that a person has in a particular area of work , usually involving more responsibility as time passes
the loud noise that you hear after a flash of lightning , during a storm
spending all your free time doing sth because you are so interested in it
to give sb the most recent information about sth
to notice that sb / sth is not where they / it should be
the state of being stretched tight ; the extent to which sth is stretched tight
meat from chickens , ducks and geese
typical , usual or ordinary ; what you would expect
an event that is repeated without changing
a connection formed between two things , for example two companies or two broadcasting systems
to make sb fall to the ground
the small facts or features of sth , when you consider them all together
in one direction and then in the opposite direction
used in the official names of , and to refer to , some states of the US ( Kentucky , Massachusetts , Pennsylvania and Virginia )
having , costing or measuring a particular amount each
to find out information about people who work or who want to work for you in order to make sure that they can be trusted
to like or enjoy sth very much
railways / railroads as a means of transport
the best and most expensive seats or accommodation on a train , plane or ship
the jaw
a person who has a lot of authority and manages and controls an activity , a place , a group of workers , etc .
believing in old or traditional ways ; having traditional ideas
something that gives you pleasure
a position in which you have more power , authority or status than anyone else
dealing with suffering , disease or death in a cruel way that some people think is offensive
the level of sb 's ability to think , understand , etc. that is judged by comparison with the average ability for children of a particular age
doing business as
the best people or things of their kind
standards of behaviour that are typical of or accepted within a particular group or society
a very short time
to aim at sth and move straight towards it
the act of putting sb / sth into a liquid so that they or it are completely covered ; the state of being completely covered by a liquid
the government department that collects taxes on goods bought and sold and on goods brought into the country , and that checks what is brought in
a bird of the pheasant family , that has dark grey feathers with white spots , and is often used for food ; the meat of this bird
a set of rooms used for a holiday / vacation
hair that is short and thick
to emphasize sth by saying or stating it again
to accept an idea , a proposal , a set of beliefs , etc , especially when it is done with enthusiasm
to make an unpleasant sound , like two pieces of metal hitting each other ; to make sth do this
to go in the same direction as sth or parallel to sth
relating to St Francis or to this organization
to come into your mind suddenly
designed for large people
a person who is being taught , especially a child in a school
impossible to forget or remove
relaxed and not pretending to be sb / sth different
to be as good , interesting , successful , etc. as sb / sth else
full of interest and energy
a group of people with the same language , culture and history who form part of a political nation
having a lot of power or influence
a belief or set of beliefs held by a group or organization , which others are expected to accept without argument
a painting , statue , etc .
a person , a team , an animal , etc. that wins sth
in a strange way
having a lot of knowledge about sth , or skill at sth
a person , an animal or a thing that kills
a large area of sand on a beach
to destroy , kill or hit sb / sth suddenly and with force
if you incur sth unpleasant , you are in a situation in which you have to deal with it
failure to win or to be successful
a place where you can play games on machines which you use coins to operate
to create sth or start it
a product that does not exist , used as an example of a typical product when making calculations
a thin flat piece of metal , used especially to join or make sth stronger
too ready to tell people what to do or to use the power you have to give orders
having a lot of sth on or in it
connected with a country 's own affairs rather than those that involve other countries
not polite
using two languages ; written in two languages
to improve your knowledge or understanding of sth
coins that are made of silver or a metal that looks like silver
to criticize sb / sth , especially in a newspaper
a person who is very cruel or has very right-wing political opinions
one of the things or qualities that are necessary to make sth successful
a set period of time that is added to the end of a sports game , etc , if there is no winner at the end of the normal period
having the type of nose mentioned
used in questions to refer to sth that has just been said
with sudden , violent force , often making a loud noise
to damage sth so badly that it loses all its value , pleasure , etc ; to spoil sth
consisting of many different kinds of things that are not connected and do not easily form a group
to lift yourself into a higher position , or the position mentioned
no longer used
a thing that links two or more things together
a process in which sb tries to please two or more people or groups who want different things
a person or thing that you hate
the fact of a liquid , gas , etc. coming out of a pipe or container by accident ; the amount that comes out
connected with the ability to handle objects skilfully
happening without anyone being told or warned in advance
to pull up a piece of your clothing
a particular area on a surface , especially on a person 's body
the pleasure that you get from sth
to eat , drink or use what remains of sth
relating to or suitable for television
used to promise very seriously that you will do sth or that sth is true
to describe sb / sth as being very good or special , especially in newspapers , etc .
without doubt
to make people in a country , an organization or other place fight or argue with each other
used in the names of places in Britain for an area of high open land
to transport goods or passengers in a plane
seeming to be dishonest or illegal
criminal ; immoral
to try to understand or succeed in understanding sth mysterious
not very willing to allow new people to become members , especially if they are from a lower social class
that happens or is done most of the time or in most cases
a hole that has been made in sth by tearing
used to say ‘ yes ’ , or to show sb that you are listening to them
completely sure about sth
a particular amount of sth , especially a fairly large amount
careful ; not showing feelings or giving much information
well designed ; clever
to experience sth , often sth unpleasant
to find out where sth is
not the most important when compared to others
an adult male chicken
produced without effort or careful thought
a thick , flat slice or piece of sth
blowing from the south
a person 's particular area of knowledge , interest or responsibility
the act of spending or using money ; an amount of money spent
having an appearance that makes sb look important or that makes people admire or respect them
to copy another person 's ideas , words or work and pretend that they are your own
a metal container in which liquids are kept under pressure and let out in a fine spray when you press a button on the lid
the idea or impression that you get of sb / sth from what sb says or what you read
information that is stored by a computer
to hit sth lightly and by accident
an act , a gift , a comment , etc. intended to thank sb for sth they have done
to hit the edge or side of sth
with the end of one thing touching the end of another
in exchange for sth
a place where things are made or repaired , especially part of a factory where a particular type of work is done
knowledge of how to do sth and experience in doing it
an old and famous family
a position in which one end or side of sth is higher than the other ; an act of tilting sth to one side
to jump up and down on sth
a natural environment that is not controlled by people
to bring sb / sth back to a former condition , place or position
a reduction ; an amount reduced
a piece of jewellery that you wear on your finger , consisting of a round band of gold , silver , etc , sometimes decorated with precious stones
to put your hand or another part of your body onto sb / sth
to be very cold ; to be so cold that you die
to allow a bill , debt , etc. to reach a large total
people who are brave
an act of taking a deep breath of smoke from a cigarette , etc. or a deep drink of sth
the US financial centre and stock exchange in New York City ( used to refer to the business that is done there )
having or showing feelings of angst
a group or collection of things or people , often one that is large or impressive
related through the mother 's side of the family
a person who is untouchable is in a position where they are unlikely to be punished or criticized
a noise like the sound of sth firm being crushed
to pull yourself / sb away by force from sb / sth that is holding you or them
that cannot be controlled and is likely to cause death
used to show that you are grateful to sb for sth they have done
unpleasant and not easy to accept
weakness in metal or wood caused by repeated bending or stretching
to claim to be sth or to have done sth , when this may not be true
to absorb sth into your senses , your body or your mind
to be enough to pay for sth
to happen or take place
the act of finding sb guilty of a crime in court ; the fact of having been found guilty
the part of the human body that is on the opposite side to the chest , between the neck and the tops of the legs ; the part of an animal 's body that corresponds to this
very large or impressive
used to emphasize that sth is genuine or true , or to ask whether it is
the amount of money made by selling tickets for a sports event
a system that is used when one half of a large road is closed for repairs , and the traffic going in both directions has to use the other half
full of light ; having the natural light of day
used in the Muslim calendar to show a particular number of years since the year when Muhammad left Mecca in AD 622 ( from Latin ‘ Anno Hegirae ’ )
any disease that kills plants , especially crops
to become gradually narrower ; to make sth become gradually narrower
not well planned or considered
extremely surprising or shocking
having leaves of the type or number mentioned
to press or rub sth into a surface
not moving
to state that sth is smaller , less important or less serious than it really is
a small piece of rock of any shape
to make the skin on your face form into lines or folds ; to form lines or folds in this way
to make sth , especially a payment , take effect from an earlier date
having a tuft or tufts ; growing in tufts
not deserving serious attention
to tell people your feelings or opinions about sth
against or not acting according to the principles of democracy
chocolate ; a sweet / candy made of chocolate
fish and sea creatures that can be eaten , especially shellfish
not too bright , in a way that is pleasant and relaxing to the eyes
to fill your mind so that yo u can think of nothing else
equally balanced or of an equal standard
except for sb / sth
the act of persuading sb to do sth or to believe sth
the process of making it possible for two different ideas , facts , etc. to exist together without being opposed to each other
an open railway vehicle for carrying goods or animals
used to show that you think sb has said sth stupid or is not paying attention
to destroy sth accidentally
to make sth available to the public on the Internet
to be repeated many times ; to repeat sth many times
if a sports team plays at home , it plays in the town , etc. that it comes from
an amount of liquid or flames that comes out of somewhere with great force
to say sth in a loud angry way
to make a pleasant gentle sound like small bells ringing ; to make sth do this
how likely sth is to happen
not as good as it could be
a ceremony , usually a religious one , for burying or cremating ( = burning ) a dead person
a short piece of thread , etc. that doctors use to sew the edges of a wound together
a person who is not brave or who does not have the courage to do things that other people do not think are especially difficult
not following the usual methods , practices , etc. in a particular area of activity
in a straight line
the style of writing , music , art , etc. that is typical of a particular person , group , period or place
if you say that you can 't afford to do sth , you mean that you should not do it because it will cause problems for you if you do
to hit the ball back to your opponent during a game
to need sth ; to depend on sb / sth
unwilling to change their opinions , decisions , etc , or the way they do things
a list or book of facts about famous people
a formal discussion to try and reach an agreement
not at all like
to bet money on sth ; to place a bet
to fasten sb / sth in place using a strap or straps
used to emphasize how great a particular emotion or quality is
very successful
a very steep artificial slope that ends suddenly and that is covered with snow . People ski down the slope , jump off the end and see how far they can travel through the air before landing .
the place believed to be the home of God where good people go when they die
the process of testing the ability , quality or performance of sb / sth , especially before you make a final decision about them
to h elp to make sth possible
progress or a development in a particular activity or area of understanding
a tall plant that can live a long time . Trees have a thick central wooden trunk from which branches grow , usually with leaves on them .
extremely shocking to a person
to achieve a particular aim
a feeling of not suffering or worrying so much ; a feeling of being less unhappy
the person who is in charge
legal and honest ; in a legal and honest way
a type of belief or opinion
done or controlled by one person only ; suitable for one person
made very cold ; containing ice
a situation in which there is a lot of noise , activity and confusion , especially because people are feeling angry or frightened
to remove sth , especially a piece of clothing from your / sb 's body
pale because of emotion or illness
a type of soft warm cloth that feels like sheep 's wool ; a jacket or sweatshirt that is made from this cloth
to guess the size , amount , etc. of sth
sent out in rays from a central point
( used before the name of a ship ) motor vessel
to accept insults , criticisms , etc. without complaining or protesting
having a lot of hot sun
the act of travelling through a place in order to find out about it or look for sth in it
to produce an exact copy of an animal or a plant from its cells
something that has been made larger , especially a photograph
the act of investigating a crime or mysterious event
to fix sth firmly in position so that it cannot move
to get rid of or destroy sth by burning
strong bitter feeling ; hatred and a desire to hurt sb
facing the opposite direction
the best thing or things in a group
to become threatening and violent
an official examination of the facts about a situation , crime , etc .
a person who collects sth
a film / movie which is made cheaply and is not very good
one pound in money
failing or refusing to obey
very fast , good or impressive
an animal , especially one that is large or dangerous , or one that is unusual
to rub and press a person 's body with the hands to reduce pain in the muscles and joints
to decrease suddenly and quickly
to try to obtain sth
to leave secretly and take with you sth , especially money , that does not belong to you
to suggest sb for a job or an activity , even though they may not want to do it
marks left by a person , an animal or a moving vehicle
to fall asleep ; to make sb do this
unable to escape a particular fate ; certain to happen because everything is controlled by fate
to become or make sth become slower
connected with breathing
a black substance made by burning wood slowly in an oven with little air . Charcoal is used as a fuel or for drawing .
something that does not happen at regular intervals
to prevent sth from succeeding or from being done or happening as planned
to be lost or destroyed
very thin , especially in a way that you find unpleasant or ugly
with things or people packed closely together , leaving little space between them
an unexpected visit made by the police in order to arrest people for doing sth illegal
to look at or examine sb / sth carefully
in a way that shows great affection
to cover sth with a thick layer of sth soft that becomes hard when it dries
suffering from a mental or physical handicap
used to show the language , material , etc. used
an area of water on the coast , protected from the open sea by strong walls , where ships can shelter
to state sth as a fact but without giving proof
doing sth that has become a habit and is therefore difficult to stop
to leave rubbish / garbage somewhere outdoors in order to get rid of it
a small number of people , things or places ; some
a solid shape or object as represented on a flat surface
an official notice that orders you to pay a fine because you have done sth illegal while driving or parking your car
to notice sth and perhaps react to it
an expression in sb 's eyes showing a particular emotion , often a negative one
a position or rank in a scale of size or importance
the level of temperature
a machine for printing text on paper , especially one connected to a computer
to sell goods to the public , usually through shops / store s
a piece of land that you can buy and use for building a house , etc. on
to push sth out suddenly and with a lot of force
to think about sth , especially the feelings of other people , and be influenced by it when making a decision , etc .
information on sb / sth , especially details that are not generally known
only if
to steal things from a place or region , especially in a war , using violence
to start talking to sb you do not know because you want to have a sexual relationship with them
twice as much or as many as
to not deal with sth immediately ; to leave sth to be dealt with later
to speak to sb about a problem or difficult situation
having had the large hard seed ( = the pit ) removed
a notice , picture or film telling people about a product , job or service
to happen or change , or to do sth without a particular plan or purpose
a word that describes a person or thing , for example big , red and clever in a big house , red wine and a clever idea
a way that you follow to get from one place to another
having or showing the qualities and abilities of a statesman
to have the opinion that sth is right or true
the quality of being important
to educate a child
not pleased or satisfied with sth
( in writing ) arranged by
to give sb information about sth , especially sth that was previously secret
the activity of sb who reads
the fact of sb being away from a place where they are usually expected to be ; the occasion or period of time when sb is away
having sth as part of a group or set
the act of thinking seriously and carefully about sth
to wash soil or small stones in a pan to find gold or other valuable minerals
to consider sth carefully before making a decision
money paid by the government to sb who is unemployed
a member of one of the lower ranks in the army , the marines or the British air force
to exist ; to be present
dirty
an area in which there is a lot of support for a particular belief or group of people , especially a political party
a person who is the next most important person below a business manager , a head of a school , a political leader , etc. and who does the person 's job when he or she is away
courage , especially in a battle
south-west ; south-western
a cafe serving simple , basic food
to design and make a piece of clothing in a particular way
a printed piece of paper with a number or numbers on it , that you buy in order to have the chance of winning a prize if the number or numbers are later chosen
used when you say that two situations exist together , or as an alternative to each other
if a shop / store carries a particular item , it has it for sale
a type of small clock that you wear on your wrist , or ( in the past ) carried in your pocket
to give some of what you have to sb else ; to let sb use sth that is yours
a single example of a book , newspaper , etc. of which many have been made
a person who worships God or a god
the opportunity to play in a sports team , especially for your country
using coal as fuel
a part or an area of sth near the edge and away from the middle
to search for sth under or among things
broken
that can burn easily
to officially allow sb who has been found guilty of a crime to leave prison and / or avoid punishment
used to agree with sb or to show sympathy
to fasten a coat , skirt , etc .
to hold or fasten sth very tightly so that it does not move ; to be held tightly
an attempt to do sth
very bad , harmful or unsuccessful
to show that sth is not true , especially sth that people believe
used in front of two nouns that are seen as a single unit
that you did not expect to happen
making you sleep
to give sb more control over their own life or the situation they are in
a small mark or lump on a person 's skin , sometimes with a yellow head to it
to explain the meaning of sth
to do sth to reduce or prevent the bad or harmful effects of sth
to include sth so that it forms a part of sth
the area of light that is made by a spotlight
behaving in a way that shows that you feel that people are criticizing you
a large open container in a kitchen that has taps / faucets to supply water and that you use for washing dishes in
the use of electronic technology , especially in developing new equipment
to damage a boat or ship so that it goes below the surface of the sea , etc .
to pull sb towards you and put your arms around them
average ; between the highest and the lowest , etc .
having the type of shape mentioned
not likely to lead to any physical harm or danger
a man or a boy
to help sb move by letting them lean on you , guiding them , etc .
the salt water that covers most of the earth 's surface and surrounds its continents and islands
friendly or helpful feelings towards other people or countries
not paying attention to sth but thinking about sth completely different
a cause or an explanation for sth that has happened or that sb has done
a dirty mark with no clear shape
the place or scene where an event takes place
to say sth in a complaining or disapproving way
to refer to particular people when discussing a general subject
causing trouble , pain , etc. over a long period of time
made of or looking like lace
the back part of sth
using scientific analysis in ord er to find out about sth
time that is spent broadcasting a particular record , performer , or type of music on the radio
the fourth month of the year , between March and May
a type of soft cotton cloth that absorbs liquids , used especially for making towels
the act of removing sb , especially a ruler , from power
a statement that says sth is not true or does not exist
to keep a building , a machine , etc. in good condition by checking or repairing it regularly
a movement or sound that you make to give sb information , instructions , a warning , etc .
a flying insect with a long thin body and four large , usually brightly coloured , wings
profits that you make from selling sth , especially property
the cost or process of giving a child or an animal the things that they need
to work together in order to achieve a particular aim ; to organize a group of people to do this
with many bends
up to your knees
to make yourself responsible for sth and start doing it
to seem reasonable ; to make sense
the study of subjects connected with money and managing a business
the process of looking at and judging your own faults or weaknesses
by means of sth
to make sb 's clothes or hair untidy
a long thin piece of strong hard material , especially wood , used , for example , for making floors , building walls and roofs and making boats
a program designed to do a particular job ; a piece of software
a clear yellow semi-precious stone
to officially stop sth for a time ; to prevent sth from being active , used , etc. for a time
to protect sb / sth by surrounding them or it completely with sth
to not be noticed , reported , etc .
a university or college course , normally lasting three years or more
intelligent , careful and showing good judgement , especially in business or politics
a piece of clothing made of very thin cloth that fits closely over a woman 's hips , legs and feet
in a difficult or unpleasant situation that you cannot escape from
connected with the production of milk rather than meat
a group of things that have a shared quality
a period of history or a time when sth was not developed or modern
paying more or less money depending on how well a person does their job
a person who has an important job as a manager of a company or an organization
to take things out of a suitcase , bag , etc .
to leave a vehicle that you are driving in a particular place for a period of time
a long strip of land , especially one on which the plants or crops have been cut
a small green fruit that grows on a bush with thorns . Gooseberries taste sour and are usually cooked to make jam , pies , etc . Children are sometimes told that babies come from ‘ under the gooseberry bush ’ .
( used in written addresses ) Court
not containing lead and therefore less harmful to the environment
used to say in a rude and angry way that you are not interested in what sb has , offers , does , etc .
an accident in which two vehicles or people crash into each other
used many times before and known to be successful
to prepare sb for an activity or task , especially by teaching them what they need to know
the fact of varying with the seasons
used before you mention sth that makes a statement not completely true
to show that an idea is completely false
easily hurt or damaged
to realize , understand or be aware of sth
a machine used by doctors to produce a picture of the inside of a person 's body on a computer screen
without interest or variety ; making you feel sad
a small plastic card that you can use to buy goods and services and pay for them later
a band of leather or plastic put around the neck of an animal , especially a dog
a small part of sth that has broken off or comes from sth larger
to become a member of an organization , a company , a club , etc .
moving in two different directions ; allowing sth to move in two different directions
clear jelly which food can be put into when it is being served cold
to begin
a large area of land that is thickly covered with trees
a member of a group of people who are responsible for controlling an institution such as a school , a college or a hospital
the act of making one person formally known to another , in which you tell each the other 's name
an officer of very high rank in the army or the US air force
the spirit of a dead person that a living person believes they can see or hear
the hairs on the back of the neck of a dog , cat , etc. that rise when the animal is afraid or angry
to completely destroy a place or an area
the state of being willing to do sth
used to accept an offer or invitation
used to emphasize that an important point has been made
an act or the process of selling sth
to prepare food by heating it , for example by boiling , baking or frying it
large ; large enough to be considered important
long and thin , like the legs of a spider
a horse , dog , etc. that has the particular chance of winning a race that is mentioned
containing mud ; not clear
a large female insect that lays eggs for the whole group
to arrange for sb outside a company to do work or provide goods for that company
a feeling , quality or meaning that is not expressed directly but is still noticeable from what sb says or does
a series of electrical waves that carry sounds , pictures or messages , for example to a radio , television or mobile / cell phone
to put an end to an argument or a disagreement
involving or performing difficult acts or movements with the body
the body of a dead person or animal
used at the end of a sentence to tell sb firmly that you do not need their help or advice
to become the father of a child by making a woman pregnant
a particular attitude , opinion or feeling that is expressed ; a feeling or an opinion that you become aware of inside yourself
complicated , and not easy to understand
to persuade sb to do sth dishonest in return for money
to demand that sb will do sth because it is their duty or responsibility
a very famous person , especially in a particular field , who is admired by other people
too bad to be corrected , improved or saved
used to describe a very old person
when you sweat , drops of liquid appear on the surface of your skin , for example when you are hot , ill / sick or afraid
having more liquid than is usual ; not solid
the amount of a product that a company decides to make at one time
increasing in amount or price
a friendly relationship in which people understand each other very well
that is near or around sth
different from what is normal or expected , or from what is generally accepted as being right
a chemical element . Chromium is a hard grey metal that shines brightly when polished and is often used to cover other metals in order to prevent them from rusting .
the people in a court , especially those who make the decisions , such as the judge and jury
less or lower than sth
to say nothing about sth ; to stay quiet
to reach or pass a particular age or time
something that helps you start an activity , especially by giving you ideas
a member of a Christian Protestant Church that broke away from the Church of England in the 18th century
the part of a view , picture , etc. that is nearest to you when you look at it
the state of being able to do what you want , without anything stopping you
believing that people should obey authority and rules , even when these are unfair , and even if it means that they lose their personal freedom
to love sb very much
carrying a load ; full and heavy
to make sure that everyone leaves a room , building , etc .
hatred of Jews ; unfair treatment of Jews
rude or referring to sex in a way that is amusing but not offensive
used with the verbs ‘ feel ’ , ‘ hear ’ , ‘ see ’ , ‘ smell ’ , ‘ taste ’
not written or printed as capitals
looking as if it is soft and light
made from small flat pieces arranged in a pattern
the brain of an animal , eaten as food
to have family remaining after your death
a life of a person who leads two different lives which are kept separate from each other , usually because one of them involves secret , often illegal or immoral , activities
having long untidy hair , fur , etc .
that is very strong and cannot easily be destroyed
a light cardboard or plastic box or pot for holding goods , especially food or liquid ; the contents of a carton
to be a candidate in an election for a political position , especially in the US
relating to the examination and treatment of patients and their illnesses
shining and flashing with light
out of bed
to give or sell a franchise ( 1 ) to sb
a thing that is added or attached to sth larger or more important
a person that you work with , especially in a profession or a business
to change an earlier statement or opinion ; to not do sth that you promised to do
to carry sb / sth , especially while moving
a hard solid mineral substance that is found in the ground , often used for building
the words used to express sth
in the shape of an arch
the particular feeling or impression that is given by sb / sth ; the way sb does sth
to join together in a group in order to have more power or strength
a type of very short sock
having five stars in a system that measures quality . Five stars usually represents the highest quality
containing harmful bacteria
each of the 60 equal parts of a degree , used in measuring angles
experiencing a lot of criticism and difficulties
to die before sb
a piece of wire that is covered with plastic , used for carrying electricity to a piece of equipment
giving detailed information on how to do or use sth ( = giving instructions )
a short series of shots from a gun
a movement or sound that you make to tell sb sth
to provide sb with a place to sleep or live
earning or providing very little money
any of the vertical sides of a building or room
parts of boats , pieces of wood or rubbish / garbage , etc. that are found on land near the sea or floating on the sea ; any kind of rubbish / garbage
having a harmful effect on people ; morally bad
used to say what you advise or recommend
shut , especially of a shop / store or public building that is not open for a period of time
a group of poems , stories or pieces of music published together as one book or disc
skilfully made by hand , not by machine
to bring two people , countries , ideas , etc. together so that they are forced into a close relationship
that kills bacteria
to do a lot of things in a limited period of time
suitable for cooking rather than eating raw or drinking
a slope going downwards
made and sold by a particular company and protected by a registered trademark
usually ; mainly
extremely clean and tidy
in the opposite direction to sth ; in opposition to sth
a situation that involves sth or depends on sth
not clearly marked or easy to see
unable to stay still or be happy where you are , because you are bored or need a change
a small hole or crack that lets liquid or gas flow in or out of sth by accident
the act of suggesting or choosing sb as a candidate in an election , or for a job or an award ; the fact of being suggested for this
to make sure that you do sth or that sth is done
not wanting to share thoughts and feelings with other people
the use of experiments or experience as the basis for your ideas ; the belief in these methods
to be gradually made known ; to gradually make sth known to other people
a word , especially an adjective or adverb , that describes another word in a particular way
the feeling that you like sb / sth ; the enjoyment of sth
the style in which sb 's hair is cut
to raise a part of your body so that it is vertical or at an angle
owned or managed by an individual person or an independent company rather than by the state
a game , an activity , etc. that provides entertainment and pleasure
the act of removing or destroying sth
the position or reputation of sb / sth within a group of people or in an organization
a small amount or drop of sth , especially a liquid ; a small area of colour
a clear mineral , such as quartz , used in making jewellery and decorative objects
fairly yellow in colour
the brown colour that sb with pale skin goes when they have been in the sun
if a competition , etc. is open , anyone can enter it
at the most basic and important level
to break without dividing into separate parts ; to break sth in this way
to represent sb / sth as being or doing sth
a change in id eas , attitudes or behaviour
used to mean ‘ but ’ or ‘ however ’ when you are commenting on a statement
a person who has received the highest university degree
a player whose job is to stop the ball from going into his or her own team 's goal
various things that are not important
strong and full of determination ; showing that you are sure about what you are doing or saying
that you can get , buy or find
consisting of four parts , people or groups
something that is likely to cause anger or disagreement
to use sth , especially fuel , energy or time
a person 's stock-in-trade is sth that they do , say or use very often or too often
to make sth into a round shape ; to form into a round shape
to close sth with a bar or bars
unreasonable ; that you cannot take seriously
to interrupt a speaker at a public meeting by shouting out questions or rude remarks
used when you cannot think of the word or name you want , or do not want to use a particular word
to settle and live in one place
used when you are saying that the fact that a particular thing is present in a situation is enough to have an influence on that situation
a small change or improvement that is made to a law or a document ; the process of changing a law or a document
used with I and we to give opinions that you are not certain about
to get rid of sth unpleasant , dirty , etc ; to make sth disappear
when nothing is created or produced ; not successful
the fact of upgrading sth
a loud noise or a signal that warns people of danger or of a problem
expensive shiny jewellery and bright fashionable clothes worn in order to attract attention to yourself
connected with or for learned people ; showing and expressing deep knowledge
a small amount of sth , especially knowledge of a language
a person or thing that is very annoying
to receive an electronic signal , sound or picture
able to be absorbed , especially into the body
all the qualities and features that make a person , groups of people , and places different from others
that can be reached , entered , used , seen , etc .
with frequent showers of rain
to use sth in order to work
power and influence
the metal parts of sth
past a particular difficult stage or situation
a street that is closed at one end
weak ; with no strength or force
earlier than the time when
the process of removing salt from sea water
forming or helping to make a whole
old and thin because it has been used a lot
to lend sth to sb , especially money
like or caused by a virus
an act of gently touching or pressing sth without rubbing
the police force
to explain to sb how to do sth , especially sth complicated or difficult
connected with a grading system for school classes , etc. in which a student passes or fails rather than receiving a grade as a letter ( for example , A or B )
of or connected with the Hebrew language or people
the place at a port , an airport , etc. where the passports and other documents of people coming into a country are checked
very strict and difficult to change
sharp and able to make a hole in sth
a word or phrase to which the following word , especially a pronoun , refers
a person who looks very similar to the person mentioned
to travel by car , especially for pleasure
containing thick pieces
to form again or form sth again , especially into a different group or pattern
a way of referring to the amount of money that you earn
to make sth less boring , especially by introducing sth different
the process of discussing sb / sth ; a conversation about sb / sth
a way of protecting yourself against the loss of sth , especially money
an aggressive attack in words , whether written or spoken
a position or an area to the left or right of sth
to improve the appearance of sb / sth by making small changes
a pleasant situation that you imagine but that is unlikely to happen
a game in which both teams or players finish with the same number of points
to enjoy sth that causes you pleasure
much more or much better than you thought was possible
gently ; with very little force or effort
the feeling or relationship that friends have ; the state of being friends
that you can give good reasons for
a person who does not support either side in a war
a class in a society
to make sb say more about sth
a quantity obtained by multiplying one number by another
a piece of body tissue that you contract and relax in order to move a particular part of the body ; the tissue that forms the muscles of the body
if two things or groups join , or if one thing or group joins another , they come together to form one thing or group
the practice ( illegal in most countries ) of killing without pain a person who is suffering from a disease that cannot be cured
a person who gives sb information about sth , for example to help them with their research
the 26th and last letter of the English alphabet
to surround or to cover sb / sth completely
the use of thin fibres of glass , etc. for sending information in the form of light signals
very happy , excited and enthusiastic ; feeling or showing great enthusiasm
to steal money or property from a person or place
to become involved with and try to understand sth / sb
the best , most advanced , greatest , etc. of its kind
to give an official decision about sth
the state of being disabled or the process of becoming disabled
any of the long threads that carry messages between the brain and parts of the body , enabling you to move , feel pain , etc .
located away from the centre of the body or at the far end of sth
an act of moving your head suddenly upwards , especially to show that you are annoyed or impatient
a person who gives other people work to do , often work that is difficult
the quality of being confident and steady ; not hesitating or doubting
a member of a group of people who support another person
used in the position of the subject of a verb when you are talking about time , the date , distance , the weather , etc .
each of several different levels of comfort that are available to travellers in a plane , etc .
fully open
not owning or carrying anything illegal such as drugs or weapons
a small device that you press or move up and down in order to turn a light or piece of electrical equipment on and off
objects made of glass
very sad or bad , especially making you feel pity or disapproval
connected with or considered typical of France or its people
to push sb / sth gently or gradually in a particular direction
having no home
showing signs of careful thought
to move slowly and heavily , making a rumbling sound
angry
used when writing to sb you love
badly written and often intended to shock people
not unpleasant or difficult to do
moving in a slow , heavy and awkward way
used to say that sth happ ens immediately after sth else happens
not having been organized
to worry sb
a piece of equipment for climbing up and down a wall , the side of a building , etc , consisting of two lengths of wood or metal that are joined together by steps or rungs
to hit sb hard
having the qualities or appearance considered to be typical of women ; connected with women
to arrange sth in layers
a word or phrase that has a magic power to make sth bad happen
a drink that you have after another of a different kind , for example a stronger alcoholic drink after a weak one
used as the object of a verb , after the verb be or after a preposition to refer to a woman or girl who has already been mentioned or is easily identified
a particular feeling or idea that suddenly comes into your mind or shows in your face
too large , great etc. to be measured
showing a reaction or response
pain inside the ear
to put sth in a place where people can see it easily ; to show sth to people
a remark or an action that is usually one of a series , and is aimed against sb / sth that you are arguing or competing with
a person who moves from one place to another , especially in order to find work
a person or thing that is valuable or useful to sb / sth
having the positions ‘ on ’ and ‘ off ’
to become or make sth become less extreme , severe , etc .
the strong effect that a drug or an alcoholic drink has
a speech in a play in which a character , who is alone on the stage , speaks his or her thoughts ; the act of speaking thoughts in this way
the act of flying
a situation in which sb / sth is missing or lacking
respected because it has been used or done for a long time
to be closed or fastened with a knot , etc .
to relax and stop feeling angry or nervous about sth
women in general
to decide or arrange sth finally
a long thin piece of sth that looks like a thread
including everything
a story of excitement and adventure , often set in the past
the complete truth
a way of deciding the winner of a game when the scores are equal at the end . The players or teams continue playing and the game ends as soon as one of them gains the lead .
the process of forming a special relationship with sb or with a group of people
used to describe a person 's expression when their eyelids appear large or their eyes are almost closed
the fact of playing a game or acting honestly , fairly and according to the rules
angry and full of strong bitter feelings and words
to make a system , country , government , etc. become less firmly established or successful
when music soars , it becomes higher or louder
1 000th
a loose piece of clothing like a shirt and trousers / pants in one piece , made of heavy cloth and usually worn over other clothing by workers doing dirty work
used to talk about how much progress has been made in doing or achieving sth
bad-tempered or upset , often for no particular reason
an act of breathing in sth such as smoke from a cigarette , or drugs
a person who takes an active part in the protection of the environment
to want sth very much especially if it does not seem likely to happen soon
something that you decide when you have thought about all the information connected with the situation
an area of sand or small stones ( called shingle ) , beside the sea or a lake
that can be bought , used , etc .
an impressive or beautiful thing or person that you have in order to make other people admire you
a person who tries to persuade others about the value or importance of sth
either of the firm areas of flesh in the mouth to which the teeth are attached
the act or process of moving or the way sth moves
the flow of electricity through a wire , etc .
a man 's wife
trousers / pants that fit tightly over the legs , worn by men in the past
something that is repeated or happens in exactly the same way as it did before
to pretend that sth is true ; to imagine what would happen if sth were true
difficult to do or deal with
humorous in a way that shows a lack of respect for sb
to cover the surface of sth with a substance in order to protect it
having a connection with sth ; referring to sth
a fine net of threads made by a spider to catch insects
used to refer to the remaining people or things in a group
another drink of the same type
a person or thing that causes you to laugh
the understanding that you have of a situation only after it has happened and that means you would have done things in a different way
that can be shown or proved
to be in a difficult situation because you need sth , especially money
having holes or cracks that allow liquid or gas to escape
that can be used because it is all correct and legal
used to emphasize a noun
carrying a very powerful electric current
able to remain calm and confident in a difficult situation
very thorough ; looking at every detail
of high quality or an acceptable standard
arranged , but not yet definite
to show or prove that sth is true
a flat round part in a machine
a powerful explosive
advertisements and discussion on television , radio , etc. telling the public about a product and about how good or important it is
not as great in size , amount or importance as sth / sb else
the state of being certain
a complete list of items , for example of things that people can look at or buy
an electronic device that receives radio or television signals and sends them on again with greater strength
a country that is governed by a president and politicians elected by the people and where there is no king or queen
on or connected with the back of a fish or an animal
to describe , draw or explain sth in detail
to include sth
a person whose job is to take care of sick or injured people , usually in a hospital
that a driver in a car cannot see , or cannot see around
to do sth more quickly than usual because there is not much time
a small piece of stiff paper or plastic with information on it , especially information about sb 's identity
good at doing sth , especially sth that needs a particular ability or special training
a false spoken statement intended to damage the good opinion people have of sb ; the legal offence of making this kind of statement
showing or feeling happiness or satisfaction , especially because your life is good
to naturally react , move , etc. in a particular way
happening or made too soon
small , plain and not costing very much
having the colour of lemons or but ter
that is easy to carry or to move
the act of encouraging sb to do sth violent , illegal or unpleasant
the feeling of needing or wanting a drink
to hit sth / sb hard many times , especially in a way that makes a lot of noise
to fall from sth
if you lay down a rule or a principle , you state officially that people must obey it or use it
to let a feeling or thought come into your mind
to see and know sb for the first time ; to be introduced to sb
on the stage in a theatre ; in front of an audience
to make sure that people obey a particular law or rule
lower than normal
not often ; not usually
to provide a prostitute for sb
shaped like a cylinder
to be given to another person after first belonging to sb else , especially after the first person has died
to make an alarm start ringing
thinking about things in a careful and sensible way ; not silly
to cause a particular result or effect
a car
to feel and show that you are sorry for sth bad or wrong that you have done
something that happens , especially sth unusual or unpleasant
to make sb annoyed or upset
according to what you have read or heard
of a quite good standard and deserving praise or approval
costing a lot or too much
a time when enemies agree to stop fighting , usually while a way is found to end the fighting permanently
to officially state that sb is mentally ill , so that they can be given medical treatment
the fact of not being guilty of a crime , etc .
to stop sth from growing , increasing or developing
to make sth look bigger than it really is , for example by using a lens or microscope
a supply of money
an extra piece of equipment that is useful but not essential or that can be added to sth else as a decoration
to force sb to d o sth by making them promise to do it or by making it their duty to do it
in exchange for another thing ( because the other thing is better or you want it more )
to do or achieve what was hoped for or expected
to examine sth carefully before you start work on it so that you know the size of the task
to mark the mistakes in a piece of work ( and sometimes give a mark / grade to the work )
to obtain or achieve sth , especially when this means using a lot of effort
the amount of space available on a disk for recording data
to make sb / yourself aware of important social or political issues
to move or dance round and round ; to make sb do this
to come to an end ; to be over
to vomit
meat from a pig that has not been cured ( = preserved using salt or smoke )
an occasion when you go from one bus , train or plane to another during a journey
easy to do ; not making you tired
to sink slowly down ; to make sth do this
sensible reasons for doing sth
the husband or wife of a ruler
if a sound or voice deepens or if you deepen it , it becomes lower or you make it lower
that should have happened or been done before now
already claimed or being kept for sb
lack of importance to or c onnection with a situation
to walk in an angry or proud way
the fact of becoming ill / sick again after making an improvement
despite sth
to perform a play or act a part in a play
to start
the quality or state of being young
to get in or out through a small hole or crack in sth
something that you say or write which gives an opinion on or explains sb / sth
to be of a higher standard than other things of a similar kind
completed , solved or organized
not clear because it stops before it has completely finished
a group of people or things with particular features in common
to become attached to sb / sth
to take or give sth , especially money for a particular purpose
the custom of having more than one wife at the same time
furthest from the inside or centre of sth
of a lower rank or of less importance than sb / sth
included as part of sth and not separate from it
an area that sb works in , knows well or comes from
the table at which people are eating dinner ; an occasion when people are eating together
a member of a Christian group of monks or nuns following the rules of St Benedict
having a texture of the type mentioned
a pleasant , often sweet , smell
to be repeated several times as it is reflected off different surfaces
strong beer , especially bitter
the lowest gear on a car , bicycle , etc. that you use when you are moving slowly
very small shiny pieces of thin metal or paper that are stuck to things as a decoration
very hungry
a picture , film / movie or piece of music or writing that consists of many separate items put together , especially in an interesting or unusual combination
allowing you to see through it
to continue taking part in or doing sth
an area of water that has waves and is moving a lot , especially after a boat has moved through it ; the sound made by this
to make sth rest against sth in a sloping position
to kill sb deliberately and illegally
to make land that is naturally too wet or too dry suitable to be built on , farmed , etc .
used when you are expressing an opinion but do not want to express it very strongly
to publicly and officially tell people about sth important
the state of having the true facts about sb / sth told after they have been hidden because they are bad , immoral or illegal
activities or events that are strange , surprising or dishonest
that has not been satisfied or achieved
pleasant and not containing any harmful substances
to fly somewhere moving the wings quickly and lightly
not light ; closer in shade to black than to white
on or from the other side of the Atlantic Ocean
to remove sth that you do not want from a substance by putting it through a sieve
in or to many places
a long piece of paper , cloth , film , etc. that has been wrapped around itself or a tube several times so that it forms the shape of a tube
the practice of representing objects , qualities , etc. as humans , in art and literature ; an object , quality , etc. that is represented in this way
the amount of writing needed to fill one side of a sheet of paper
to suddenly make sb feel less confident , proud , etc .
land that is next to a building , a street or an area of water
to move forward slowly and carefully
connected with the law
a unit for measuring time . There are 60 seconds in one minute .
to make sb unable to feel , think or react in a normal way , for example because of an emotional shock
a tool or machine for cutting holes in paper , leather or metal
making you feel happy and pleased about life
to be lucky
the abbreviation for ‘ general headquarters ’ ( the main centre of a military organization )
a very rich source of gold , silver , etc. in a mine
to refuse to keep an agreement , a promise , etc .
a large park where people go to enjoy themselves , for example by riding on large machines such as roller coasters , and where much of the entertainment is connected with one subject or idea
to be successful ; to have the intended effect or result
willing to understand and respect other people 's behaviour , opinions , etc , especially when they are different from your own ; believing people should be able to choose how they behave
a feeling of fear
preventing heat , sound , electricity , etc. from passing through
a small ball of dough ( = a mixture of flour , fat and water ) that is cooked and served with meat dishes
a sight or view that is very impressive to look at
used to emphasize a statement , especially one that is the opposite of what has just been mentioned
the shop / store where an optician works
made for two people or things
in an early stage of development
to be against what people believe is morally right
a group of people of either sex
costing little money or less mon ey than you expected
the upper flat surface of sth
work for which you receive regular payment
to put a new program into a computer
recently
a planned drawing , consisting of a line or lines , showing how two or more sets of numbers are related to each other
a piece of paper that you can collect when you buy a particular product and then exchange for sth
a condition in which a part of the body is not the normal shape because of injury , illness or because it has grown wrongly
needing oxygen
to change the normal position of sth , especially by turning it upside down or by arranging it in the opposite order
soft coloured chalk , used for drawing pictures
if sb is pro sb / sth , they are in favour of or support that person or thing
to fasten sth with rivets
in the form of a letter , document , etc. and therefore official
a piece of equipment for discovering the presence of sth , such as metal , smoke , explosives or changes in pressure or temperature
feelings of hatred towards sb
to make sth very wet ; to completely cover sth in water or another liquid
one of the four sets of cards ( called suits ) in a pack / deck of cards . The cards have a black design shaped like pointed leaves with short stems
used , often with a negative , before adjectives and noun phrases to emphasize sth that you are saying
the act of forcing sb to leave a place ; the act of expelling sb
a person who is very interested in a particular subject or activity and knows a lot about it
to save sb / yourself from having to go through an unpleasant experience
to make the amount or level of sth greater ; to become greater in amount or level
any sport that involves competing in races
to end a relationship , a company , etc .
to make sb / sth weaker , poorer , etc. by using up their / its strength , money , etc .
to achieve or get sth that you want , especially by your own efforts
with short , sharp sounds
having had enough to eat
after the expected , arranged or usual time
to make sb feel healthy and full of energy
using accurate measurements and following set rules
to cancel the effect of sth
an experience that is very frightening and unpleasant , or very difficult to deal with
to divide into different parts or groups ; to divide things into different parts or groups
extremely difficult and requiring a lot of skill or abi lity
not talking much about your own abilities or possessions
sad and lonely because you have lost sth
the fact of blocking a road , an entrance , a passage , etc .
the style in which sth is decorated
a unit of computer memory or data , equal to 10 6 , or 1 000 2 , ( = 1 000 000 ) bytes
to stop sth from happening , especially sth illegal ; to prevent sb from doing sth
to or at a particular place , especially where sb lives
done immediately , without paying attention to the normal process that should be followed
an idea , a belief or an image you have as a result of how you see or understand sth
an act , a statement or a gift that is intended to show your respect or admiration , especially for a dead person
a long poem about the actions of great men and women or about a nation 's history ; this style of poetry
to throw or aim sth
to become or make sth straight after it has been wound or twisted round in a circle
pure white in colour
a particular subject or activity that sb works in or is interested in
travelling from one place to another and not staying anywhere permanently
used when you agree or accept sth unwillingly , or do not want to say strongly that you disapprove
persons in general or everyone
not consisting of or coming from any living substances
connected with the natural conditions in which people , animals and plants live ; connected with the environment
a person , a number , an influence , etc. that is not known or not named
a physical or mental condition that means you cannot use a part of your body completely or easily , or that you cannot learn easily
secret or dishonest
a group of soldiers , vehicles , etc. that patrol an area
a substance that is present in small amounts in another substance , making it dirty or of poor quality
one of a series of things that sb does or that happen , which forms part of a process
the state of having many bright colours
a new custom that is starting to develop
the position of being the winner of a competition , especially a sports competition
a separate part of a structure from which the whole can be put together
a person or thing that is clearly different from sb / sth else
old-fashioned or without the most recent information and therefore no longer useful
if one thing includes another , it has the second thing as one of its parts
the highest speed at which you can legally drive on a particular road
courage
if a man has an erection , his penis is hard and stands up because he is sexually excited
a continuous flow of liquid or gas
the act of building sth or putting it in a vertical position
a mental image or memory of sth
the relationship of one thing to another in size , amount , etc .
if a person is associated with an organization , etc. they support it
cooked in a sauce that contains sugar and vinegar or lemon
as you would expect
not complete or detailed and therefore not very useful
to stop a tape , CD , etc. for a short time using the pause button
a swear word that people use to emphasize what they are saying
at or towards its lowest point on land
to know that sth is true based on your feelings rather than on facts , what sb tells you , etc .
a duty to deal with or take care of sb / sth , so that you may be blamed if sth goes wrong
to state the information or the words mentioned
a person whose job is to take care of and protect another person
a sexual relationship that lasts for a single night ; a person that sb has this relationship with
done deliberately , although the person doing it knows that it is wrong
to leave a thing or place , especially because it is impossible or dangerous to stay
that can be seen
generous and giving willingly
to fail suddenly or completely
a large amount of sth , especially money
rude and offensive , especially about sex
rough
to refuse to admit or accept sth
the expression of worship to God
to get used to a new place , situation or climate
to successfully get over or past a difficult part on a path or route
a long straight passage dug in the ground and filled with water for boats and ships to travel along ; a smaller passage used for carrying water to fields , crops , etc .
a way of treating a broken bone in your body that involves using special equipment to pull the bone gradually back into its correct place
to kick or to hit sb / sth
to be sent
an area with a Tarmac surface , especially at an airport
an act of rubbing a surface
to send an electronic signal , radio or television broadcast , etc .
used to describe two extreme situations which are the only possible ones
the official position of being a priest
to give a loud high shout , for example when you are excited , frightened or in pain
to go to bed
a group or set of people or things
something that makes it difficult for sb to do sth
to make people become friends again after an argument or a disagreement
poetry
to move somewhere in a lively and cheerful way
to do sth regularly as part of your normal behaviour
to consider that sth is caused by a particular thing or person
to put sb in prison during a war or for political reasons , although they have not been charged with a crime
a place where ships are built or repaired
to be fastened with a zip / zipper
having a wide range of different uses
making a person or situation calmer in the hope of keeping relations peaceful
on , to or from the other side of sth
a person who starts an organization , institution , etc. or causes sth to be built
something that must happen or exist before sth else can exist or be done
not as big as you would like or expect
a stick that is used for hitting people as a punishment
saying exactly what you mean in a way that nobody can pretend not to understand
happening in the usual way ; showing what sth is usually like
the formal rules of correct or polite behaviour in society or among members of a particular profession
the process of time passing
a shoe that you can slide your feet into without having to tie laces
a period of time for which sth lasts ; a fixed or limited time
to write , draw or mark sth with a pencil
connected with the last year in high school or college
ready to forgive people and show them kindness
to become obvious or easy to understand
a right or advantage belonging to a particular person or group because of their importance or social position
having the type of shoulders mentioned
an event or a situation that you see , especially one of a particular type
to use a saw to cut sth
the scientific study of the normal functions of living things
to manage to get rid of sth / sb that is making you suffer , annoying you , etc .
gram ( s )
annoying
a person who is very interested in sth and spends a lot of their free time on it
to warn sb officially that they will be punished if they do sth wrong or illegal again
to move freely again ; to no longer be blocked
a point far away that can never be reached
owned and run by the people involved , with the profits shared by them
to obey rules , laws , etc .
to give money to pay for goods , services , etc .
to make sb / sth completely wet
family origins
any of the curved bones that are connected to the spine and surround the chest
to leave out sth and pass to a further point or stage
a system of religious beliefs and practices
a system of paying some money for an article so that it is kept for you and you can pay the rest of the money later
the process of putting new blood into the body of a person or an animal
in a way that does not cause harm or that protects sb / sth from harm
used to describe a situation , usually one that is difficult , dangerous or not familiar
to be a characteristic that makes two people , animals or things different
an amount of mo ney that you pay for an extra service or item , especially in addition to the basic cost of a holiday / vacation
to tell sb that you will definitely do or not do sth , or that sth will definitely happen
a telephone connection that uses wires carried on poles or under the ground , in contrast to a mobile / cell phone
the process of compiling sth
an extra military force , etc. that is not part of a country 's regular forces , but is available to be used when needed
simple ; without any difficulty or confusion
a hard clear yellowish-brown substance , used in making decorative objects or jewellery
a secret that you tell sb
to write the plot of a novel , play , etc .
to hope and expect that sth is true
the degree to which sth reacts , or is likely to react
a person who does a sport or other activity as a paid job rather than as a hobby
physical exercises that develop and show the body 's strength and ability to move and bend easily , often done as a sport in competitions
money given as a reward
the activity of broadcasting programmes for people to listen to ; the programmes that are broadcast
to think that sb / sth is important
a set of four people or things
a system of words , letters , numbers or symbols that represent a message or record information secretly or in a shorter form
connected or operating ; being used
to be close to doing sth ; to be going to do sth very soon
the abbreviation for ‘ curriculum vitae ’ ( a written record of your education and the jobs you have done , that you send when you are applying for a job )
an idea or a plan of action that is suggested , especially in business
a large sports ground surrounded by rows of seats and usually other buildings
very simple and easy
to stop ; to make sb / sth stop
a single stage in the history of a family
the force that keeps all life in existence
to move sb / sth that is in or on sth that has wheels
that reduces the amount of time it takes to do sth
in the place , object , document , etc. mentioned
to care for a child , teaching him or her how to behave , etc .
quiet because nobody is talking ; much quieter than usual
the end of sth or the part that is left after the main part has been cut , broken off or worn away
to hold sb in your arms in a way that shows affection
to calculate sth
a thing that replaces sth , especially because the first thing is old , broken , etc .
the punishment given by a court
without work
the act of keeping wages , prices , etc. at a particular level for a period of time
existing or happening within a company or an organization
used before a positive verb to agree with sth negative that has just been said
to arrange for events that would normally happen at the same time to start or happen at different times
affecting or involving a large number of people or things
from what sth shows or says ; according to sth
sensible , logical or strongly supporting what is being discussed
in the Catholic Church , the ceremony of blessing sick or dying people
impossible to break
used to describe an attitude , a performance , etc. that is aggressive in style and deliberately designed to make people react strongly for or against it
on or to the other side of sb / sth
to control the speed , pressure , temperature , etc. in a machine or system
following immediately one after the other
having or expressing a great love of your country
the power and influence to make others do what you want
to express your feelings or ideas in words
existing only in ancient myths
to increase your speed for a short time to get somewhere faster
a blue-chip investment is thought to be safe and likely to make a profit
the dark areas in a picture , especially the use of these to produce variety
to make sth bigger ; to become bigger
to start to come in or go out
if your voice cracks , it changes in depth , volume , etc. suddenly and in a way that you cannot control
firmly fixed , supporte d or balanced ; not shaking or likely to fall down
a small part found in most cells , in which the energy in food is released
the title given to Muslim rulers in some countries
not capable of doing sth
extremely annoyed
to record your / sb 's / sth 's name on an official list
a name or a word that is not appropriate or accurate
the colours used by a particular artist
to not understand sth , even after it has been explained to you
to have a feeling , especially a negative feeling
used when you are making a final statement
the state of being difficult to understand or explain because of involving many different aspects
to turn over papers or the pages of a book quickly and without reading them all
filling you with horror ; extremely frightening
the edge of sth in the shape of a circle
a place that separates two areas
to attack a place without warning
a text or work that has been changed from one language into another
to rest with your eyes closed and your mind and body not active
any food that has been crushed into a soft mass
not having enough of sth ; lacking sth
something that is being sewn
to be spread or lying over a surface
to manage to win or to get sth with difficulty
to make sb promise not to tell sth to anyone
a wire fence
small pieces of rubbish / garbage such as paper , cans and bottles , that people have left lying in a public place
made of sections that can slide into each other to make the object longer or shorter
a member of one of the lowest ranks in the US air force
a continuous low sound , for example the sound made by the regular movement of a machine or the wings of a bird
a female parent of a child or animal ; a person who is acting as a mother to a child
the quality of being easy to understand or use
to make an idea , a person 's attitude , etc. fit into sth or be acceptable
the part of a piece of music that is sung , rather than played on a musical instrument
a suggestion or an action by which sb tries to make friends , start a business relationship , have discussions , etc. with sb else
from a much earlier or ancient period of history
functioning correctly , so that it is connected to another document or page on the Internet
to twist and injure a part of your body , especially your ankle or shoulder
an act performed as part of a religious or traditional ceremony
costing so much that people do not have enough money to pay for it
a person who buys and sells things for other people
the people injured in an accident , a battle , etc .
two lenses in a frame that rests on the nose and ears . People wear glasses in order to be able to see better or to protect their eyes from bright light .
the left side or direction
concerned with power , status , etc. within an organization , rather than with matters of principle
to follow and watch sb closely and often secretly
given or giving generously
to touch , use or change sth , especially a piece of equipment , so that it is damaged or no longer works correctly
not familiar because you have not been there before or met the person before
soldiers who are trained to jump from planes using a parachute
to support the weight of sth
the usual way that a person or an animal behaves that is part of their character
used to say who sth belongs to or who it is intend ed for
not interesting , new or showing imagination ; unnecessary because it is clear to everyone
to copy or move text into a document from another place or another document
the right to sell sth in a particular place ; the place where you sell it , sometimes an area which is part of a larger building or store
the right or authority of a person or group to do sth
a structure on which people , for example criminals , are killed by hanging
usually available for sale in a shop / store
closely connected with the subject you are discussing or the situation you are thinking about
a number of people or things taken from a larger group and used in tests to provide information about the group
a service provided for the public , for example an electricity , water or gas supply
having a lot of money or property
to be completely burnt
to suggest a plan , an idea , etc. for people to think about and decide on
to put an industry or a company under the control of the government , which becomes its owner
used to give opinions that you are not certain about
an animal , a bird , etc. that you have at home for pleasure , rather than one that is kept for work or food
interesting and unusual enough to attract attention
to attach sth onto another thing or fasten things together with a pin , etc .
according to information that has been told to the public but that may not be true
a small bunch of hair that forms a curved or round shape
connected with the job of sb who is in a position of authority
to follow or chase sb / sth , especially in order to catch them
to provide what is wanted , needed or asked for
used to describe two things that are connected , or present or happening at the same time
to cover sb / sth with soil , rocks , leaves , etc .
the most surprising …
guilty of a crime
full of interest or excitement
a piece of music or a song with a clear or simple tune
a measure of the amount of the earth 's resources used by a person or a population that lives in a particular way
almost ; nearly
a serious infectious disease in which swellings appear on the lungs and other parts of the body
to get back your health , strength or energy after being ill / sick , tired , injured , etc .
to put or throw sth somewhere , carelessly and quickly
Her / His Majesty ( ' s )
connected with ordinary people in society in general
available to be bought , especially in a shop / store
to take in or absorb liquid
to come together in a group
the successful completing of sth
to force sb to act in a particular way
a state in which sb seems to be asleep but is aware of what is said to them , for example if they are hypnotized
used to show that you are annoyed about sth that sb could do or could have done
a narrow shelf below a window , either inside or outside
caused or produced by a volcano
belonging to sb ; relating to sb
relating to the work of a priest or teacher in giving help and advice on personal matters , not just those connected with religion or education
a person in charge of a particular part of a business company
not yet organized into a form in which it can be easily used or understood
to change into sth more dangerous or violent
the fact that a person spends too much time doing or thinking about a particular thing
something that you think is unfair and that you complain or protest about
connected with or using a person 's ability to think in a logical way and understand things
to make use of sth well ; to make use of an opportunity
to please or attract sb in order to make them like you or do what you want
a word for ‘ Christmas ’ used especially in songs or on cards
having a strong effect on your feelings , especially in a way that makes you feel sad
a task or request for information that is intended to test your knowledge or understanding , for example in an exam or a competition
the surface of a room that you walk on
to remove sb , especially a ruler , from power
to be the parts or members that form sth
something that you can understand from what is said , but which is not stated directly
the ability to control people or things
very difficult
at or to a lower level or position than sb / sth
to put a lot of effort into doing sth correctly
to move or travel without any hurry
a person who tries to find an explanation for a crime or sth mysterious or who shows that they understand sth quickly , especially sth that is not obvious
during the whole period of time of sth
a thin layer of a substance covering a surface
a person who does not behave or think like everyone else , but who has independent , unusual opinions
a mild swear word that some people use to show that they are annoyed
something that is said or done to take away a person 's fears or doubts
( in Britain ) the class of mail that is delivered most quickly
if the police arrest sb , the person is taken to a police station and kept there because the police believe they may be guilty of a crime
to be attracted by sb / sth ; to like or prefer sb / sth
unable to understand sth because it is too complicated
spread out in a line
to make the sound of sth , especially a musical instrument , quieter or softer , sometimes using a mute
involving an unknown quantity that is multiplied by itself once only
a book , magazine , etc. that gives you information , help or instructions about sth
the act of making a change to sth
to be shown clearly
used in formal language or for emphasis before hundred , thousand , etc , or before a unit of measurement
trained , or having a natural ability , to find the way home from a long distance away
not very serious or impressive
paid , valid or calculated for one year
to work at or perform an activity or a task
to allow people to discuss sth , take part in a competition , etc .
the possibility of sth bad happening at some time in the future ; a situation that could be dangerous or have a bad result
either half of the brain
to rise and disappear
people who are part of the same society as yourself
a short period of rest when you stop working and drink coffee
large numbers of an animal or insect that come into an area and cause great damage
to break sth
the ideas and opinions of ordinary people , especially people who live in cities , which are considered important
behaviour that shows a lack of thought or good judgement
to move up and down in a particular direction
used for asking or talking about particular lengths or distances
wearing a suit , or a suit of the type mentioned
having the type of waist mentioned
to give sb money to prevent them from doing sth or talking about sth illegal or dishonest that you have done
the top part of a grain plant , such as wheat , that contains the seeds
not fastened or tied
not having or allowing nuclear energy , weapons or materials
to not be enough to buy a lot of things
connected with the Cajuns , their language , music or spicy cooking
to organize or arrange sth
a chemical element . Carbon is found in all living things , existing in a pure state as diamond and graphite and buckminsterfullerene .
a place where specialist equipment is kept and used
to formally present a new law so that it can be discussed
used to describe the group of people who are considered to be fairly famous , successful or important , but not as much as the A-list people
a new part that is added to a building
the symbol ( * ) placed next to a particular word or phrase to make people notice it or to show that more information is given in another place
crossing the Atlantic Ocean
making it difficult for sth to happen or to be achieved
a large cake filled with cream and usually decorated with fruit , nuts , etc .
one of the flat parts that turn around in an engine or on a helicopter
used to describe a modern form of sb / sth , usually sb / sth bad or unpleasant , that existed in the past
capable of developing and surviving independently
a narrow marked section of a track or a swimming pool that is used by one person taking part in a race
used to express a strong wish
the way a person , an animal , a plant , a chemical , etc. behaves or functions in a particular situation
having one or more stems of the type mentioned
to divide sth into two or more pieces with a knife , etc .
not fitting closely
to have an important effect on sb / sth ; to influence the way that sth happens
being the result of good luck
a state of being angry or in a bad mood
to answer the telephone or a door when sb calls , knocks , etc .
to perform a ceremony or show how sth happened , as if performing a play
a stage in the development of a product , usually a technical one
one after the other
attractive and interesting but sometimes mysterious or trying to trick you
a matter that is not important
influenced by personal opinions
to decide that sb belongs to a particular group or type without thinking deeply enough about it and considering what other qualities they might have
very stupid
appropriate in a particular situation
to express sth in words
a quick sudden jump upwards or forwards
yourself
to kill an animal , usually by giving it a drug , because it is old or sick
the amount contained in a pot
to give sth as a reason for opposing sth
complete ; with nothing missing
how much sth is worth compared with its price
the loud ringing sound of a bell
used to refer to the person or place that sb goes to for help , advice or information
to tell an adult that another child has done sth wrong , especially in order to cause trouble
a small drop of liquid
knowing sth ; knowing that sth exists and is important ; being interested in sth
something such as an object , a fact or a situation that shows , explains or supports what you say
able to govern itself or control its own affairs
a way in which sb / sth appears , often in a way that is different from usual or that hides the truth about them / it
between 13 and 19 years old ; connected with people of this age
the tube along which food passes after it has been through the stomach , especially the end where waste is collected before it is passed out of the body
a deep hole or holes under the ground where minerals such as coal , gold , etc. are dug
a day or period of time when there is a religious festival
to turn your head from side to side as a way of saying ‘ no ’ or to show sadness , disapproval , doubt , etc .
having a useful purpose ; acting with a clear aim and with determination
public shame and loss of honour
used to say what the purpose of sth is
smaller or thinner in design than usual
the expression of strong disagreement with or opposition to sth ; a statement or an action that shows this
to wrap sth up and make it into a parcel
amusing in a way that shows irony
the movement of people or goods from one place to another
to describe or show sb / sth in a particular way , especially when this does not give a complete or accurate impression of what they are like
the condition of the ground , especially in horse racing
= compensation
the part of the face above the eyes and below the hair
a kitchen utensil ( = a tool ) with a lot of small holes in it , used for separating solids from liquids
to become friends with sb at once ; to become popular with sb
the unit of money of some countries of the European Union
used to show what you should or have to do
having or showing strong feelings of enthusiasm for sth or belief in sth
to shoot at sb from a hiding place , usually from a distance
a difference between two or more things that should be the same
having moral standards that have fallen to a level that is very low and unacceptable to most people
to be a person that others are attacking or criticizing
to disturb or not respect sb 's peace , privacy , etc .
an area of low pressure in the atmosphere
cut very short , near to the skin
to go around an area or a building at regular times to check that it is safe and that there is no trouble
alone
a lively young man , especially one who is very interested in women and having sex , drinks a lot of alcohol and enjoys sport
a sudden loud noise made , for example , by sth falling or breaking
to train sb / sth in sth new that they must do
a space or hole that sb / sth can pass through
things that are considered useless or of little value
to perform on a musical instrument ; to perform music
a piece of paper for writing or printing on , etc. usually in a standard size
to be the captain of a boat , sports team , etc .
clearly and openly stated
a small part in a film / movie or play for a famous actor
the strength of sth , for example light , that can be measured
to prevent sth from being successful or being achieved , especially deliberately
to have a meaning that you can easily understand
an act of performing a skill or of showing sth happening , in order to entertain
to seem to be moving around , especially when you are ill / sick or drunk
a short period of time separating parts of a play , film / movie or concert
used to show the great extent or degree of sth bad
concerned with increasing sb 's general knowledge and experience rather than particular skills
the beginning of a feeling , an idea or a development
a friend who attends or attended the same school as you
used to emphasize that sth is true or that you agree with sth that sb has just said
to refuse to deal with goods or to do business with sb as a political protest
used to emphasize that sth is wrong , stupid , bad , etc .
towards a good result
respect or admiration for sb
items that have been found in public places and are waiting to be collected by the people who lost them
if sb 's voice quavers , it is unsteady , usually because the person is nervous or afraid
the abbreviation for public relations
the time before an important event , when people are preparing for it
used when you are showing sb how to do sth or telling them how sth happened
to be full of a feeling such as excitement or energy
to injure or affect sb permanently so that , for example , they cannot walk or cannot use a part of their body
a medical condition in which your body does not have the normal ability to resist infection
a group of people who have been given a special honour by a queen , king , president , etc .
to look carefully at the whole of sth , especially in order to get a general impression of it
the activity of using a small boat for pleasure
involving people of different races
similar to the way or thing that is mentioned
to remain strong and safe or in position
a group of people who play a particular game or sport against another group of people
to flow downwards in large amounts
to cover sth with tar
to be responsible for paying the cost of sth
to have an opinion of sth
the state of being successful , especially in making money
trying to control other people in an unpleasant way
a type of fat found in nuts , seeds and vegetable oils that does not encourage the harmful development of cholesterol
to be the place , period , organization , etc. in which particular events take place
used for referring to a person or thing that is not near the speaker or as near to the speaker as another
a way of entering or reaching a place
used to politely agree to sth or to suggest sth
used to show the position of sth / sb in space or time
something that has been cancelled
a place where you can sit , for example a chair
a mass or collection of things
in or into an important or leading position in a particular group or activity
a short period of time that you spend doing one particular activity that you enjoy , but often too much of it
the quality of being loyal to sb / sth
difficult to deal with and that you have to think about carefully
to show by your actions that you have a particular quality , feeling or opinion
a person who is able to suffer pain or trouble without complaining or showing what they are feeling
a set of products of a particular type
to reach as far down as a particular point
the process of changing sth into a different form
to the thing mentioned
to cut grass , etc. with a scythe
a partner in a sexual relationship outside marriage
the principles or reasons which explain a particular decision , course of action , belief , etc .
the part of a website that you reach first when you click on a link on the Internet
correctly stating or showing what will happen in the future
to allow sb to stay in your home
to die because you have been underwater too long and you cannot breathe ; to kill sb in this way
a sound that gradually becomes louder and then quieter again
a mark or sign on a route in the countryside to show the way to people who are walking , etc .
including rude words and swearing
a feeling of great happiness
a large amount of money that is given to sb
lacking any attractive or interesting qualities that make people feel happy
to put your foot down while you are stepping or walking
on or to the inner part of sth / sb ; within sth / sb
to make things or people follow one after the other in a repeated pattern
to treat sb in a cruel and unfair way , especially because of their race , religion or political beliefs
used to refer to the sound produced by a group of brass instruments
to plan sth in your mind ; to consider doing sth
a particular example or case of sth
the state of being married
to be able to eat sth without feeling ill / sick
to mention sth for people to discuss or sb to deal with
the act of pulling sth back ( = of retracting it )
a town , a country or an organization that is controlled by and depends on another larger or more powerful one
to point to sth so that sb can see where or what it is
used to say what is the right thing to do
a deep round dish with a wide open top , used especially for holding food or liquid
something that is certain to be successful
a letter or package that is sent by mail , especially one that is sent to a large number of people
able to see or feel things through the senses
to win sth
with sb
a large piece of sth , especially food , that has been cut or broken from a larger piece
a person who attends a meeting , lesson , etc. to listen and watch but not to take part
at an end
a particular form of sport
warm , comfortable and protected , especially from the cold
long and untidy
nervous or worried , and unable to relax
a particular group of people
to have an official job or position
to form an idea of sth ; to imagine sth
a performance or piece of writing which tries to make sth look ridiculous by representing it in a humorous way
burning ; on fire
the amount contained in a pan
to break a law or rule
to make a young bird , fish , insect , etc. come out of an egg
to produce thread from its body to make a web or cocoon
except for
with no sexual experience
to move or fly in a circle
to make one idea , system , etc. become part of another one
having a beak , or the type of beak mentioned
that cannot be allowed or accepted , especially in court
the act of smelling sth
a complete lack of noise or sound
the period of your life after you have stopped work at a particular age
used for describing items in a shop / store that are cheaper if you buy several of them
especially ; more than usual or more than others
the amount by which money spent or owed is greater than money earned in a particular period of time
made of or looking like tweed
any of the hard parts that form the skeleton of the body of a human or an animal
an act of breathing in smoke from a cigarette , etc .
to store sth in a safe or secret place
in the same direction as sth
to say or do sth that is funnier , more impressive , etc. than sth that has been said or done before
something that you have bought
permission to be away from work because of illness ; the period of time spent away from work
the state or position of being a leader
used ( to ask ) if sb is upset , unhappy , etc. or if there is a problem
a small piece of paper with a design on it , stuck on a document to show that a particular amount of money has been paid
( within a federal system , for example the US and Canada ) connected with national government rather than the local government of an individual state
a pleasant place or period of time in the middle of sth unpleasant or difficult
an area of open land around a city where building is strictly controlled
to defeat sb completely in an argument , a competition , etc .
the process of developing gradually from one stage or state to another
used to show that you admire or approve of sth because it is fashionable , attractive and often different
a common freshwater fish that is used for food . There are several types of trout .
the fact of being useful or possible to use
to arrive somewhere in order to do sth or get sth
similar to sb / sth in quality , size , etc .
below the surface of sth ; covered by sth
to describe sb / sth in a particular way , especially unfairly
to tell a lie , usually about sth that is not important
to be big enough , long enough , etc. to arrive at a particular point
to move without making a sound
a hit with a whip , given as a form of punishment
without interest or colour ; dull and boring
copying the way things are in the natural world
to use weapons , such as guns and bombs against an enemy in a war , etc .
to walk slowly around or to a place , often without any particular sense of purpose or direction
to hit sb / sth very hard
to buy insurance so that you will receive money if your property , car , etc. gets damaged or stolen , or if you get ill / sick or die
knowing about a subject through books and television , rather than by doing it for yourself
a person or thing that is chosen
for a special and deliberate purpose
in a way that shows no emotion
something that is done only to give a good impression , but is not sincere
a person 's face
to develop emotionally and start to behave lik e a sensible adult
the feeling you get when you touch sth or are touched
to surprise sb very much
to show sb which way to go
to work as a tutor
very badly damaged
the amount contained in a bottle
to be full of excitement or energy
a hot dish like a pie with soft pastry made from flour , fat and eggs and usually filled with meat
easily influenced by other people
the act of making sure that sth is kept
the part of the body at the top of the stomach , below the ribs
changes made to a building or place to make it look more attractive
to pull a vehicle such as a carriage
that can be used ; in good enough condition to be used
the part of an object , such as a cup , a bag , or a tool that you use to hold it , or carry it
to fully understand an idea or some information so that you are able to use it yourself
so changed or damaged that you do not recognize them or it
the official position or function that sb has
speaking a particular language ; a person who does this
to give sb sth , especially in return for sth or because it is expected
to kill the bacteria in or on sth
a small hard piece of particular substances
a game played especially in the US by two teams of nine players , using a bat and ball . Each player tries to hit the ball and then run around four bases before the other team can return the ball .
to allow sb / sth to enter a place
a single example of sth , especially an animal or a plant
a principle , an idea or a fact that sth is based on and that it grows from
a level in a system of ordering things by size or amount , where each level is higher by a factor of ten
able to say or write clever , amusing things
expressed firmly and clearly so that other people believe them
not feeling physically relaxed , warm , etc .
in a way that shows you think there may be sth wrong with sth
almost ; not quite ; not completely
a value that you give to each of a number of things to show how important it is compared with the others
in addition to ; as well as
unpleasant or unfriendly ; slightly cruel
Cape
to behave or do sth in the same way as sb else
to help sb by taking sth heavy or difficult from them
definitely good and steady but perhaps not excellent or special
a friendly way of addressing sb
less than ; younger than
to direct sth at sb suddenly or quickly
the act of living in or using a building , room , piece of land , etc .
a person who does not belong in a particular place
the act of not allowing a trial or legal case to continue , usually because there is not enough evidence
having qualities that you admire and respect
to advise sb not to do sth or to stop doing sth
made of two layers of cloth with soft material between them , held in place by lines of stitches
the act of solving or settling a problem , disagreement , etc .
a clever and dishonest trick , played in order to avoid sth
to cut or damage your skin slightly with sth sharp
using the most modern or advanced techniques or methods ; as good as it can be at the present time
likely to become angry very quickly
one of a pair of long rubber boots , usually reaching almost up to the knee , that you wear to stop your feet getting wet
to wait somewhere secretly , especially because you are going to do sth bad or illegal
nothing at all ; none at all
to defeat or kill sb
to tell sb about sth , especially in an official way
the role or importance of sb / sth in a particular situation , usually in relation to others
to turn or press the pedals on a bicycle or other machine
to replace sb who is on duty
paper that is covered in very thin sheets of metal
a metal container with a lid used for keeping food in
a person 's feelings which are likely to be easily hurt
the actions that sb takes in order to complete a plan
a regular route that sb takes when delivering or collecting sth ; a regular series of visits that sb makes
an evil or dangerous thing that spreads quickly
music for a particular voice or instrument in a group singing or playing together
to tell sb that you are pleased about their success or achievements
a person who does things after sb else has done them first
material made of several threads twisted together , used for tying things together ; a piece of string used to fasten or pull sth or keep sth in place
the willingness to work hard and give your energy and time to a job or an activity
having separated from a larger group or country
shining brightly
not wet , damp or sticky ; without water or moisture
to transport or send sb / sth somewhere with great speed
a sweet drink in various flavours that has bubbles of gas in it and does not contain alcohol
a large amount ; as much or as many as you need
an official decision made by sb in a position of authority , especially a judge
to take hold of sb / sth
a piece of equipment with moving parts that is designed to do a particular job . The power used to work a machine may be electricity , steam , gas , etc. or human power .
to remove sth quickly or violently , often by pulling it
the figure 0
socially acceptable , especially among people who have a strict set of social rules
the fact of being given honour and respect by people
a unit for measuring the force of an electric current
able to hold things
a container for storing coal , especially on a ship or outside a house
a large meeting of the members of a profession , a political party , etc .
suspicious and probably illegal or dishonest
an area of a city that is very poor and where the houses are dirty and in bad condition
one of the people who owns a business and shares the profits , etc .
coming from a particular background or living in a place
the ideas and opinions of a person or group
the point at which a decision has been taken which can no longer be changed
something that you believe to be true and use as the beginning of an argument even though it has not been proved ; the act of believing it is true
the state of being a chairman or chairwoman
moved through pipes , etc. under pressure
in a way that is not physically comfortable
to make a person or an animal very angry or crazy
the feeling of being slightly angry
the process of dissolving a solid or gas in a liquid
to cause mistakes to appear in a computer file , etc. with the result that the information in it is no longer correct
poor , and trying to make its industry and economic system more advanced
having a lively , attractive personality
curving , with the knees wide apart
to give sth officially to sb / sth for a particular purpose
suffering severely ; involving a lot of suffering and difficulty
happening after the event , especially when one event is the cause of another
a person who is sent to a foreign country to teach people about Christianity
with great energy or strong movement , especially caused by a strong emotion such as fear or hatred
a handle used to operate a vehicle or piece of machinery
not noticing or realizing sth
the act of putting an image of sth onto a surface ; an image that is shown in this way
having the colours and / or patterns of marble
to change a decision or reject an idea from a position of greater power
a tropical plant with white or pink flowers that grows on the surface of lakes in Africa and Asia
to manage to remember sth , especially sth that happened a long time ago
to spend time doing sth while waiting for sth more important
an area of low land that is always soft and wet because there is nowhere for the water to flow away to
to change direction suddenly , especially in order to avoid hitting sth
an easy light hit of the ball into the goal or hole from a close position
the last few pages of a book , etc .
a way of living especially when this is difficult or boring
the fact of being the most important person or thing
used to emphasize that sth happens or must happen in all circumstances
so great , shocking or surprising that it is difficult to believe
to make it possible for air to become mixed with soil , water , etc .
the act or process of filling sth with air or gas
the woman who is thought to be the best in a particular profession , sport , etc .
done with your left hand
a drug that is used to prevent one of the body 's functions from working normally
to make a short high sound that is not very loud
a written order to a bank to pay money to sb
at a more advanced stage of development than an earlier form
to be in a situation where you are likely to do sth
a condition that makes sb / sth likely to behave in a particular way or to suffer from a particular disease
political , religious , etc. ideas or actions that are extreme and not normal , reasonable or acceptable to most people
simple in style , not serious and liked mainly by young people
a type of slow sad music with strong rhythms , developed by African American musicians in the southern US
of or belonging to a woman or girl who has already been mentioned or is easily identified
of very good quality
to put very small amounts of sth in a number of places on a surface
a way of dealing with a problem , using the processes of the law
any or every ; anything or everything
the abbreviation for prisoner of war
very unpleasant or evil
skilful in using your hands or tools to make or repair things
the act of teaching sth to sb
to make sth available for use , discussion , etc. for the first time
the person in charge of a ship or commercial aircraft
the holy books of a particular religion
to become tired and feel as if you want to sleep or rest ; to make sb feel this way
the limited number or amount of people or things that is officially allowed
to make sth into bales
to disappear ; to be taken away
to protect sb by threatening to shoot at anyone who tries to attack them
the act of assimilating sb or sth , or being assimilated
to shape clay , etc. in order to make sth
to frighten and threaten people so that they will not oppose sth or will do as they are told
a period of hard work or effort
before doing anything else ; at the beginning
Assembly Member ( a person who has been elected to represent an area of Wales in the Welsh Assembly , the parliament for Wales )
information that describes other information in order to help you understand or use it
to feel bad about sth that happened or sth that you did because it had bad results
impossible to think of or to believe exists ; impossible to imagine
to encourage sth to develop
to make your body straight and vertical
to be the same as or to match another person 's account of sth , another set of figures , etc .
used to refer to sb / sth that has already been mentioned or is easily understood
to do sth better , faster , etc. than anyone has ever done it before
the shape of sb / sth ; a person or thing of which only the shape can be seen
happening or done quickly or without delay
to affect sth so that it becomes more regular , slower , etc .
to buy a supply of sth
television programmes that are sent from a central station to other stations in a network ; the system of sending out these programmes
to be able to notice and recognize smells
a short struggle , fight or argument especially in order to get sth
seeming to have passed very quickly
electricity that gathers on or in an object which is not a conductor of electricity
to think that sb / sth is not good or suitable ; to not approve of sb / sth
with no meaning ; not meaning what is said
heat , energy , etc. that is sent out in the form of rays
a temporary loss of consciousness , sight or memory
to give an explanation of sth
a move to a more important job or rank in a company or an organization
done without thinking , like a machine
a person or book that gives valuable advice or information
to carry sth heavy
in , to or through a position that is below sth
planned to take place in the future
looking like a star
the detailed study or examination of sth in order to understand more about it ; th e result of the study
severely
the beginning or first signs of sth
the amount of sth that is allowed in a particular situation
an act of accepting that sth exists or is true , or that sth is there
not protected or guarded
a situation in which there are opposing ideas , opinions , feelings or wishes ; a situation in which it is difficult to choose
doing sth as a hobby rather than as a paid job
in the space or period of time separating two or more points , objects , etc. or two dates , events , etc .
to move or travel , especially with sb else , to a particular place or in order to be present at an event
a feeling that you cannot trust sb / sth
to press on sb / sth
a small amount of a drink , especially a strong alcoholic one
fresh and clean , as if new
to reduce or destroy sth gradually
to try hard to find a solution to a problem
intended to make sb sexually excited
probable or expected
done in an angry or excited way or with a lot of strong feeling
unpleasant or dangerous ; involving threats or violence
a place where ships load and unload goods or shelter from storms
to become or to make sth become dry and brown , especially from the heat of the sun or from chemicals
to advertise sth a lot and exaggerate its good qualities , in order to get a lot of public attention for it
used to represent the first of two or more possibilities
careful to be honest and do what is right
involving a lot of energy and activity in a way that is not organized
to push a sharp pointed object through sth
to make a liquid weaker by adding water or another liquid to it
a part of sb 's face such as their nose , mouth and eyes
to provide sb / sth with equipment or clothes for a special purpose
badly planned ; not able to plan or organize well
stretched or spread out as far as possible
an area of land , especially with particular physical features , suitable for a particular purpose or connected with a particular person or people
to increase , or make sth increase , repeatedly and by small amounts
to believe sth , especially an idea that many other people believe in
to meet and spend time with people in a friendly way , in order to enjoy yourself
used to say how many animals of a particular type are on a farm , in a herd , etc .
with too many people or things in it
the act of taking sb / sth away from a particular place
more difficult or severe than usual
the meals that are provided when you stay in a hotel , guest house , etc ; what you pay for the meals
a problem or difficulty that must be solved or dealt with before you can achieve sth
if two things match , or if one thing matches another , they have the same colour , pattern , or style and therefore look attractive together
to feel and express strong disapproval of sth
used for pulling heavy loads
to move sth to an earlier time or date
a number which , when multiplied by itself twice , produces a particular number
connected with the stories about Arthur , a king of ancient Britain , his Knights of the Round Table and court at Camelot
used to emphasize the male subject or object of a sentence
a person from a foreign country
a solid substance that is made from beeswax or from various fats and oils and used for making candles , polish , models , etc . It becomes soft when it is heated .
to pay attention to what sb says , and obey them
time that is spent practising a play or piece of music in preparation for a public performance
to decide that sth that has been arranged will not now take place
words that have no meaning , spoken by sb who is crazy
to suggest that sb / sth is not important or valuable
a hairstyle for men in which the hair is cut very short
a small animal like a mouse , that lives in cold northern countries . Sometimes large groups of lemmings migrate ( = move from one place to another ) in search of food . Many of them die on these journeys and there is a popular belief that lemmings kill themselves by jumping off cliffs .
a person who buys tickets for concerts , sports events , etc. and then sells them to other people at a higher price
something that you find exciting
a reduction in sth
to reply to sb by trying to prove that what they said is not true
to go past a moving vehicle or person ahead of you because you are going faster than they are
to make sb believe sth which is not true , especially in order to cheat them
to be aware of sounds with your ears
to show a clear difference when close together or when compared
letters that are printed or typed
to feel an emotion so strongly that you can feel nothing else
what sb asks or orders you to do
based on the metric system
to make a lot of people know about sth and enjoy it
petrified trees , insects , etc. have died and been changed into stone over a very long period of time
rich text format ( a type of file containing data that can be used with different programs or systems )
behaving badly ; choosing to do or say the opposite of what is expected
to join people , things , parts of a country , etc. together so that they form a single unit
not loyal to sb / sth
all the people who are behind the leaders in a race , competition , etc .
done by people who are too young by law
to judge the good and bad qualities of sth
a person or an organization that gives
to refuse to accept or consider sth
a traditional method or style in literature , art or the theatre
strongly supporting the capitalist system
connected with the form of a verb that consists of part of the verb have with the past participle of the main verb , used to express actions completed by the present or a particular point in the past or future
used before a noun to describe it
to believe that sb is never going to arrive , get better , be found , etc .
a district or part of a town
lack of knowledge and experience of the world , especially of evil or unpleasant things
to prepare yourself / sb for a particular activity , especially a sport , by doing a lot of exercise ; to prepare a person or an animal in this way
what happens or appears if you do not make any other choice or change
very great or severe
a dr ink such as fruit juice that is not alcoholic and that can be mixed with alcohol
a drug , such as LSD , that affects people 's minds and makes them see and hear things that are not really there
( in Britain ) a Member of Parliament
an electric guitar that plays very low notes
used when referring to people , animals or things as the object of a verb or preposition , or after the verb be
having the same rights or being treated the same as other people , without differences such as race , religion or sex being considered
done or happening at the right time or at an appropriate time
the distance or measurement from one side to the other ; how broad or wide sth is
a part that is underneath some aircraft , beside the wheels , and is used for landing
having a lot of thin folds or lines
often forgetting things
a day when most people do not go to work or school , especially because of a religious or national celebration
an act of taking sth in , especially breath
clothes , sheets , etc. that are waiting to be washed , being washed or have just been washed
to help to improve or develop sth
not concerned about rules or the possible results of what you do
used to say that sth is possible
to continue to exist for a long time
a form of a noun or verb that refers to more than one person or thing
to start to use an area again as a place to live
the highest university degree
feeling worried or nervous
to move forward to a later part of sth ; to move sth forward to a later part
the main or general meaning of a piece of writing , a speech or a conversation
appearing not to be affected by sth ; separate from sth
to be in a position of needing to do sth
a shout of joy , support or praise
brave and determined
a sound like that of a cock / rooster crowing
to supply or provide sb / sth with sth ; to supply sth to sb
to live , especially in a difficult situation or with very little money
a small piece or amount of sth
making you angry because it is unfair
not easy to please ; not helpful
not needing or depending on other people
an object , a tradition , a system , etc. that has survived from the past
too satisfied with yourself or with a situation , so that you do not feel that any change is necessary ; showing or feeling complacency
the particular quality that different foods and drinks have that allows you to recognize them when you put them in your mouth
not typical of or not suitable for the time of year
to help a prisoner to escape
informal talk or stories about other people 's private lives , that may be unkind or not true
to give a cry , etc .
the ending of a law , a system or an institution
business or trade , or the amount of trade in a particular type of goods
the people in a society or a profession who have influence and power and who usually do not support change
an experience or event that helps to prepare you for sth that is going to happen in the future
using the success and influence of another person to help yourself become successful
a person who gives advice , especially sb who knows a lot about a particular subject
a person who introduces the people who perform in a television programme , show in a theatre , etc .
giving or given generously
a person 's ability to choose things that people recognize as being of good quality or appropriate
connected with the details of a law or set of rules
officially connected with a town or city
a person who is used or controlled by another person or group
shaped into a series of regular folds that look like waves
eating or drinking sth ; using a drug or a medicine regularly
to try to obtain or achieve sth
using power in an unreasonable way by telling people what to do and not listening to their views or wishes
suitable or appropriate for sb working in a particular profession
used to say what could not or did not happen
a group of words which have a particular meaning when used together
to give part of your work , power or authority to sb in a lower position than you
a substance that turns red when it touches an acid and blue when it touches an alkali
not recognized or known ; not identified
to feel sth with your hands or another part of the body
to go up to sb and speak to them , especially in a way that is rude or threatening
a very fast heartbeat , caused when sb is nervous or excited
to be in charge of actors in a play , or a film / movie , or musicians in an orchestra , etc .
a place where a particular type of people go to enjoy themselves
to prevent sth from developing or being expressed
to leave the place where you live
white wine
a tall , solid , vertical post , usually round and made of stone , which supports or decorates a building or stands alone as a monument
to spend time going to shops / stores and looking for things to buy
a living thing , real or imaginary , that can move around , such as an animal
to be found , especially by chance , after being lost
to be removed from soil , etc. by water passing through it
a strong feeling of sadness
to be wearing sth
a type of fruit or meat pie with a thick bread-like layer on top
in an excited state and not able to think or speak clearly , usually because of fever
feeling tired and impatient because you have lost interest in sb / sth or because you have nothing to do
connected with a person 's mind and the way in which it works
the 16th letter of the English alphabet
to understand an explanation or the meaning of sth
to put or spread a layer of liquid , dust , etc. on sb / sth
having a great effect on people or things ; of great value
to tell customs officers ( = at the border of a country ) that you are carrying goods on which you should pay tax
to cut sth into pieces with a sharp tool such as a knife
the fact that sth is arranged in an even way or in an organized pattern
different in size , amount , etc .
to hold sb / sth in position ; to prevent sb / sth from falling
that makes or is likely to make money
excitement , anger or shock that is felt by a number of people
an offensive word for a person that you think is bad or very unpleasant
the state of feeling bored ; the quality of being very boring
connected with a foetus ; typical of a foetus
the abbreviation for ‘ Doctor of Philosophy ’
an act of stating publicly that you no longer believe sth or that you are giving sth up
the top layer of the earth in which plants , trees , etc. grow
arranged in a regular manner , according to a clear , exact plan
tow ards the inside or centre of sth
the way in which a particular person pronounces the words of a language
a type of entertainment in a field or park at which farm animals and products are shown and take part in competitions
work or a way of life that is boring or tiring because it involves always doing the same things
healthy and strong , especially because you do regular physical exercise
to be anxious while you are waiting for sth that you are worried about
all the goods in a shop
to give birth to sb / sth
a group of people who are working together , especially in secret or illegally
employed by ; using the services of
to emphasize a fact , an idea , etc .
if people , things or situations are formidable , you feel fear and / or respect for them , because they are impressive or powerful , or because they seem very difficult
a part of a film / movie , play , etc. that shows a scene that happened earlier in time than the main story
the strip of cloth that forms the waist of a piece of clothing , especially at the top of a skirt or trousers / pants
to force sb to leave the armed forces because of an illness or injury
very surprised and shocked at sth you are told or at sth that happens
the amount of money that you owe to a bank when you have spent more money than is in your bank account ; an arrangement that allows you to do this
a fast military plane designed to attack other aircraft
not seeming very successful ; likely to fail
a check that is made suddenly and without warning on a few things or people chosen from a group to see that everything is as it should be
to say rude things to sb or think rude things about sb / sth
a very frightening person
liking sb / sth very much
to move gradually into a worse situation
kept neat and in good condition
crossing a continent
to make sb unhappy or upset
having a taste like metal
a public toilet / bathroom for men
used as a kind of address , so that mail can be sent to a post office where it is kept until it is collected
marks or pictures that seem to have no meaning
official protection from being attacked , arrested , etc. when passing through an area ; a document that promises this
to change from one state or condition to another
to have a holiday / vacation
a thing , person or situation that is interesting because it is new , unusual or has not been known before
to be unable to breathe because the passage to your lungs is blocked or you cannot get enough air ; to make sb unable to breathe
used to show what is right , appropriate , etc , especially when criticizing sb 's actions
to know , see or judge sth correctly
to do sth that you have said you will do or have been asked to do
large companies with a lot of money and influence
a person who does sth for the first time
the fact of being quiet and old-fashioned
criticism or unfair treatment
recently elected or chosen
to be greater than a particular number or amount
used in the name of a high school
the way of speaking that is typical of cockneys
under your feet ; on the ground where you are walking
to create sth new
if sth unpleasant haunts you , it keeps coming to your mind so that you cannot forget it
to say or do sth that makes people notice you more than the person that they should be interested in
to develop an attitude , a way of talking or behaving , etc .
dealing with real , important or serious matters
to be happy and get pleasure from what you are doing
an occasion when two or more people or things are compared
an important , active or respected person in a particular area of activity
to record sb / sth on magnetic tape using a special machine
a person who describes an event while it is happening , especially on television or radio
used when describing activities connected with the universities of Oxford and Cambridge , especially sports competitions
to pass or make sb / sth pass from one state or form into another
full of very strong feeling
to become the husba nd or wife of sb ; to get married to sb
that does not involve a period of time in prison
a sudden and painful contracting of muscles , especially of the muscles around a woman 's womb , that happens when she is giving birth to a child
in doubt ; uncertain
having no meaning , use or clear aim
to strongly criticize sb / sth that you think is wrong , illegal , etc .
to let or make sth go down
within the shape of sth ; surrounded by sth
if a cheque that you pay into your bank account clears , or a bank clears it , the money is available for you to use
used with a title to show that a person , usually a university teacher , keeps the title as an honour , although he or she has stopped working
related to or happening in the regions around the North Pole
to give or send sb an official document , especially one that orders them to appear in court
in a friendly and informal manner , sometimes in a way that is too informal to be pleasant
so interested in one particular thing that you are not aware of anything else
to clean sth quickly
to feel pleased and proud because you have achieved sth or been successful at sth
to make sb more aware of issues connected with the environment ; to make sth appear friendly towards the environment
a person that you think is boring or not fashionable
the lowest surface on the inside of a container
to travel to or around an area or a country in order to learn about it
that can flow freely , as gases and liquids do
extremely good ; wonderful
to give equal importance to two contrasting things or parts of sth
before Christ ( used in the Christian calendar to show a particular number of years before the year when Christ is believed to have been born )
living things
a band of colour or light
to make a repeated low sound as it moves slowly
severe pain , mental suffering or unhappiness
to hit or kick a ball in a high curve through the air , especially so that it lands behind the person you are playing against
to be so full that the contents go over the sides
the role and responsibilities of an important person or job , especially when they are passed on from one person to another
if you unravel threads that are twisted , woven or knitted , or if they unravel , they become separated
to change the colour of sth , especially by using a special liquid or substance
the entrance or opening of sth
open to attack ; not able to defend yourself
a long distance away
suitable ; of the right quality ; with the right qualities or skills
an act of leaving a place
an attitude or opinion about sth
to or at a distance from sb / sth in space or time
to reduce sth
to do sth or try to achieve sth over a period of time
the time when a child is a baby or very young
a broadcast on television
the warmest season of the year , coming between spring and autumn / fall
that does not enable you to relax or feel comfortable
despite sth that you have just mentioned
to win points , goals , etc. in a game or competition
a period of twelve months over which the accounts and taxes of a company or a person are calculated
a person who is perfect or who is a perfect example of a particular good quality
to say that you will not allow sth ; to say that you will not give or allow sb sth that they want or need
a room in which there is a toilet , a sink and sometimes a bath / bathtub or shower
a game for two people played with cues ( = long sticks ) and three balls on a long table covered with green cloth . Players try to hit the balls against each other and into pockets at the edge of the table .
having a mirror or mirrors or behaving like a mirror
a cloud of very small drops of water in the air just above the ground , that make it difficult to see
a person who is powerful
to judge the importance , value or effect of sth
difficult to see or describe
if a strong light dazzles you , it is so bright that you cannot see for a short time
everything you can see when you look across a large area of land , especially in the country
used when you are telling a story or telling sb about sth
pale red in colour
to test sth , such as a piece of equipment , in the place where it will be used
a person , team , country , etc. that is thought to be in a weaker position than others and therefore not likely to be successful , win a competition , etc .
to express an amount using the decimal system instead of the system it is already expressed in
to move quickly up and down or in and out
the quality of reacting quickly or more than usual to sth
an area between two qualities , ideas or subjects that has features of both but is not clearly one or the other
to cover or decorate a surface with flat strips of wood , glass , etc .
relating to the farming of animals
to fight with sb
( used after degree titles ) of Cambridge University
causing trouble , such as damaging sb 's reputation
a screen made of metal bars or wire that is placed in front of a window , door or piece of machinery in order to protect it
appropriate to a particular situation
a thing that divides sth
always the same ; never changing
a couple 's or a person 's children , especia lly young children
to refuse to admit to yourself that sth unpleasant is true
a small but interesting piece of news
not gradually ; immediately
to become older
the position of being a king or queen
at the same time as sth else is happening
a level of quality , ability , etc .
a thing that is brought into use or introduced to a place for the first time
the programs , etc. used to operate a computer
a quiet and peaceful time or situation
the fact of tricking people in a clever way
continuing for a long time
to put money made as profit back into a business in order to improve it
to be filled with sound ; to make a sound continue longer
connected with the work of a manager
to be a natural part of sth
used to show who sent or gave sth / sb
Britain 's financial and business centre , in the oldest part of London
a point made during a discussion or an argument
to use a needle and thread to repair , join , or decorate pieces of cloth
a machine or piece of equipment with a part shaped like a tube so that it rolls backwards and forwards . It may be used for making sth flat , crushing or spreading sth .
to be a typical example of sth
a program that lets you look at or read documents on the Internet
different , confident and exciting in a way that attracts attention
to move away from the place where you ought to be or the people you are with
to express your opinions publicly
a word used to describe a pretty or attractive wo man , now often considered offensive
a layer of sth
to form a layer on the inside of sth
the act of putting sth inside sth else ; a thing that is put inside sth else
a sudden serious and dangerous event or situation which needs immediate action to deal with it
the fact that the same thing happens again and again , and usually with the same length of time between each time it happens
used as the subject or object of a verb or after a preposition to refer to the person or people being spoken or written to
in a relaxed and normal way
a play , concert , etc. for which all the tickets have been sold
a means of getting or achieving sth
hard white grains made from the soft inside of a type of palm tree , often cooked with milk to make a dessert
soft and wet , like a bog
in the opposite way
not censored ( = having had parts removed that are not considered suitable for the public )
a mass of snow , ice and rock that falls down the side of a mountain
not happy or satisfied with sb / sth
to hold or tie sb , especially by their arms , so that they cannot move
to keep working slowly without producing or achieving much
making people aware of sth that they did not know before
to make an official decision to give sth to sb as a payment , prize , etc .
that is needed for a purpose or a reason
a particular way of doing sth , especially one in which you have to learn special skills
repeated many times
to arrange people or things in groups according to their ability , quality , size , etc .
thinking in a sensible and logical way , especially in a difficult situation
an official document that shows that permission has been given to do , own or use sth
a hard hit
a series of steps between two floors or levels
the playing again of a short section of a film / movie , tape , etc. especially to look at or listen to sth more carefully
to fall downwards , often hitting the ground several times , but usually without serious injury ; to make sb / sth fall in this way
a person 's former wife , husband or partner
the owner of a business , a hotel , etc .
to make a noise like this
to spend time with sb
the regular way in which sth happens or is done
an occasion when you do sth or when sth happens
a person who is the first to do or discover sth and so makes it possible for others to follow
a group of tents , huts , etc. where people live together , usually for only a short period of time
a small group of people who have extreme religious beliefs and who are not part of any established religion
the most ; the majority
treating sb as a friend
to be covered with a liquid
a large round vegetable with thick orange skin . The seeds can be dried and eaten and the soft flesh can be cooked as a vegetable or in sweet pies .
to make your back and shoulders straight to show you are ready or determined to do sth
knowledge that you get from reading and studying
something that you have an official right to ; the amount that you have the right to receive
that can be explained or understood
to begin to have sth such as a disease or a problem ; to start to affect sb / sth
a written or spoken description of sth that has happened
a flat leather , plastic or cardboard case for carrying documents in
ruined or badly damaged
a sweet / candy that is made of or covered with chocolate
using too much time or money , or too many materials , and therefore not likely to make a profit
in a loud voice
doing no wrong ; free from responsibility for doing sth bad
the results of a political action or situation that are not what was in tended or wanted
to use time for a particular purpose ; to pass time
continuous ; happening or existing all the time or everywhere
at the present time , in contrast with the past
to free sb / sth from the person or thing that is holding them or it ; to become free
a piece of music for three musicians or singers
pale colouring of the face , especially because of illness or fear
the complete control , possession or use of sth ; a thing that belongs only to one person or group and that other people cannot share
connected with meteors
a way of life where possessions and physical pleasures are important , rather than spiritual values
a S Asian dish made from rice with meat , fish or vegetables
to decorate the edge of sth with small curves
to move slowly nearer to sb , usually from behind , without being seen or heard
the state of being a virgin
to enter or appear somewhere suddenly and with a lot of force
to be easy to understand or explain
a sweet drink that does not contain alcohol , made from fruit juice . It is drunk with water added .
a long argument or disagreement in which one person or group does or says things to harm another
any kind of rubbish / garbage that is left after an event or when sth has been used
the way in which words , actions , statements , etc. are understood by sb
used to show that you think a particular word , description , etc. is not true or appropriate
very likely to be influenced , harmed or affected by sb / sth
to improve in health after being ill / sick
horse racing
a situation that is annoying because it involves doing sth difficult or complicated that needs a lot of effort
the act of delivering sb / sth in a vehicle or by plane ; the act of dropping sth
a person with special knowledge , skill or training in sth
used to address or refer to a man , especially sb you do not know
a metal or plastic container for holding or carrying liquids
being far away in space or in time
( in the past ) a regular meeting of writers , artists and other guests at the house of a famous or important person
making you feel afraid
a small amount of liquid that is produced by pressing sth
sudden noisy confusion or excitement
the fact of sb being on a life-support machine
a sum of money that is offered to people who buy particular products or services
the total amount of busi ness that a company does in a particular period of time
a substance that things can be made from
connected with the worship of the Devil
an officer of high rank in the navy
a very deep wide space or hole that seems to have no bottom
to give sb a cheque or bill that they should pay
covered with hollow marks or holes
a match or device with which you can light a cigarette
likely to last for a long time without breaking or getting weaker
the act of receiving or welcoming sb
a small gun that you can hold and fire with one hand
a comfortable or suitable role , job , way of life , etc .
so high that it prevents people from buying sth or doing sth
a very important sports event , contest , etc .
wrong or containing mistakes , often resulting in bad decisions
to make or change sth to suit the needs of the owner
an arrangement to do sth at a particular time , especially sth official or sth connected with your job
an area of land that is fairly flat and not very high above sea level
connected with genes ( = the units in the cells of a living thing that control its physical characteristics ) or genetics ( = the study of genes )
suitable for living in ; consisting of houses rather than factories or offices
the good and bad things that happen to a person , family , country , etc .
a small amount of a quality or feeling
the people of a country ; the nation as a whole
to offer to do sth without being forced to do it or without getting paid for it
a large number of things that arrive or fall together
that can be bought immediately and does not have to be specially designed or ordered
a sudden flow towards the inside
a bluish-purple colour
not as good as it used to be , because you have not been practising
careful thought to make sure that things are successful in the future
to say sth loudly and angrily
to have difficulty speaking clearly or finding the right words to say
to pretend to sing a song that is actually being sung by sb else on a tape , etc .
used to describe houses that form part of a terrace , or streets with houses in terraces
a dress
in a liquid state , and likely to fall in drops
in a way that is connected with the skills n eeded for a particular job , sport , art , etc .
connected with or happening at the time of sb 's death
a flat area on a golf course from which players hit the ball
a long piece of rope , thread , etc , especially when it is used for a particular purpose
very hot ; looking and feeling very hot
the treatment of disease by radiation
to polish metal until it is smooth and shiny
a person who thinks they are much better than other people because they are intelligent or like things that many people do not like
light and not serious ; having no substance , depth or power
formed of two or more parts
very careful to behave correctly or to perform your duties exactly as you should
to know who sb is or what sth is when you see or hear them , because you have seen or heard them or it before
a statement that sth is true although it has not been proved and other people may not agree with or believe it
the state of being a country with freedom to govern itself
an idea or a principle that is believed to be true or valid in any circumstances
most important ; essential
a hard cover that protects part of a machine
expecting people to obey you and treating them as if they are not as important as you
a piece of coal , especially one that is burning
the fifth highest mark / grade that a student can get for a piece of work , showing that it is very bad
in a circle or curve to face another way or the opposite way
to use up or spend money carelessly
a chemical element . Copper is a soft reddish-brown metal used for making electric wires , pipes and coins .
a period of time when an animal or a person that has or may have a disease is kept away from others in order to prevent the disease from spreading
a person who uses their strength or power to frighten or hurt weaker people
based on the beliefs of ordinary people
with a word or words left out of a sentence deliberately
to a position in or inside sth
to make sb feel ashamed
a person who is an expert in a particular area of work or study
to search for sth that is lost or hidden among a lot of things
made or happening only once and not regularly
to secretly take sth small or unimportant
towards a place ; forwards
to rule as king , queen , emperor , etc .
to eat or drink sth
the form of a word , showing whether one or more than one person or thing is being talked about
to change into a particular state or condition ; to make sth do this
an unexpected but useful result of an activity that is designed to produce sth else
used to introduce additional information
the size , length or amount of sth
not typical
unpleasant or offensive
an opening that is created during a military attack or by strong winds or seas
in a position where it is seen first , for example on the top half of the front page of a newspaper or in the part of a web page that you see first when you open it
to place sth in the ground by digging
to be careful about sth ; to make sure you do not do sth that sb would consider to be wrong
to make sb aware of sth
a place in a shop / store where customers can pay without having to wait for a long time
the fact that sth always happens in the same way in an activity or in nature
showing the whole of a person 's body
a word , letter or number that is put before another
placed underneath the floor
used for asking sb to do sth
a request , an order or a demand for sb to do sth or to go somewhere
a dish of meat and vegetables cooked slowly in liquid in a container that has a lid
to put sb / sth in a place or situation where they are not protected from sth harmful or unpleasant
to injure sb badly by cutting or hitting them
a N American tree , often used for making charcoal for grilling food
bigger than normal
producing a poison that can cause death or illness if the animal or insect bites you
an opening for the neck in a piece of clothing shaped like the letter V ; a piece of clothing with a V-neck
in a way that appears to be true but may in fact not be
relating to a college or its students
if a job in a company is vacant , nobody is doing it and it is available for sb to take
to remain in a place
and then ; as a result of this
the act of bringing a product or service into one country from another
doing sth with small , quick , nervous movements
the opportunity or ability to do or achieve sth
a word used after a married woman 's name to introduce the family name that she had when she was born
to test , question , etc , part of sth or of a group of people in order to find out what the rest is like
willing to forgive
to sit or stand in a particular place for a period of time
good enough to be sold ; that sb will want to buy
to cause sb trouble , extra work , etc .
to touch sth gently and regularly , often making a soft sound
to change or move sth slightly
a clear precious stone of pure carbon , the hardest substance known . Diamonds are used in jewellery and also in industry , especially for cutting glass .
a person who has won a prize
caused sth to happen , especially a change
to state sth firmly and clearly
importance , influence or strength
a substance made of lime , water and sand , that is put on walls and ceilings to give them a smooth hard surface
that can stick to sth
machines as a group , especially large ones
the quality of being fashionable in the clothes that you wear
good understanding and judgement ; knowledge of what is sensible or practical behaviour
to become longer ; to allow sth to become longer by not cutting it
a servant , usually female , who does all the dirty or boring jobs in a house
having characteristics of both the male and female sex or of neither sex in particular
the reduction of the amount of money spent on sth , especially because of financial difficulty
a person ( usually a child ) or an animal that causes you trouble or is difficult to control
to be ashamed or embarrassed about sth
known to be real and genuine and not a copy
to destroy the inside or contents of a building or room
any one of a set of 52 cards with numbers and pictures printed on one side , which are used to play various card games
to decorate a place by placing paintings , etc. on a wall
feeling guilty about sth you have done
a ball that is thrown , especially in cricket or baseball
the movement of a vehicle when it suddenly slides sideways in an uncontrolled way
making sudden starts and stops and not moving smoothly
to undo a knot in sth ; to undo sth that is tied
to begin a journey on water
contrasting two people or things that are very different
to make sth / sb complete and strong again
used in expressions showing that one thing happens straight after another
the state or quality of being pure
a piece of sth hard or solid , usually without a particular shape
talk or arguments used by a person trying to sell things or persuade people to do sth
the tendency to get emotional and excited very easily and behave in an unreasonable way
a sport in which a person jumps from a high place , such as a bridge or a cliff , with a bungee tied to their feet
young or seeming younger than you are
all the ordinary people of a particular country or area
too quick , easy or simple ; not seeming natural or realistic
to give sb the power or authority to do sth
a magazine published once a month
a particular manner or style of behaviour
the abbreviation for ‘ methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ’ ( a type of bacteria that cannot be killed by standard antibiotics )
any ; every
towards more right-wing political ideas
information in a newspaper or magazine about what films / movies , plays , etc. are being shown in a particular town or city
not surrounded by anything ; not confined
a major division of time , divided into eras
connected with the organs of the body
arranged in the order in which they happened
a formal written defence of your own or sb else 's actions or opinions
an amount of money that you pay to join an organization , or to do sth
to blame or criticize sb for sth that they have done or not done , because you are disappointed in them
the activity of changing a piece of computer equipment or a computer program so that it works in a way that was not intended by the producer
an infectious illness that is usually fairly mild
the 300th anniversary of sth
something that you give your time and energy to , that you do as a hobby
a soft substance or thick liquid used on your skin to protect it or make it feel soft ; a similar substance used for cleaning things
to keep a record of the points , goals , etc. won in a game or competition
fairly cold ; not hot or warm
a new activity , idea or method that you try out to see what happens or what effect it has
to pass light over a picture or document using a scanner in order to copy it and put it in the memory of a computer
a child who lives at school and goes home for the holidays
used to emphasize how big or how much sth is
to move or make sth move with sudden quick movements
having feelings of angst
the weight of sb / sth
used to introduce a suggestion that could be considered if the one just mentioned is not possible
used to identify the person or thing that is being referred to
a relationship between friends
to hide or move around secretly , especially when you are planning sth bad
to impress sb very much with intelligence , beauty , etc .
when rain pours down or when it 's pouring ( with ) rain , rain is falling heavily
to develop from sth
very good ; excellent
suitable for or typical of a work of literature
to give sth , especially money or goods , to help sb / sth
that involves people working together and having an influence on each other
a very successful and important group
pots , dishes , etc. made with clay that is baked in an oven , especially when they are made by hand
to buy property , shares in a company , etc. in the hope of making a profit
used before adjectives and adverbs to mean ‘ not ’
lacking knowledge or information about sth ; not educated
to smoke a cigarette , pipe , etc .
to think or decide that sth will happen or is true
to give sb too much of sth
the secret intention behind what sb says or does
very cruel and shocking
a piece of ground with a special surface for people , cars , etc. to have races on
to change the original form of sth , so that it is damaged or spoiled in some way
a light carriage with two wheels , pulled by a horse
as sth ; in the role of sth
to pull sth / sb hard , quickly and suddenly
an adverb that expresses the speaker 's attitude towards , or gives the subject of , the whole of the rest of the sentence
to make a complete list of sth
to push sth somewhere or move it in a particular direction with a small quick movement
slightly crazy
located below sth else , especially sth of the same type , or the other of a pair
to estimate sth such as time or distance wrongly
that does not exist or is not true
to behave in a way that is violent and / or not under control
the act of mentioning sb who worked on a project such as a film / movie or a television programme
a place where large amounts of food , goods or equipment are stored
of a period during which history was recorded
to become , or to make sth softer
existing since or before birth
having reached the highest position in the music charts
an act of brushing
when you consider sth
to become or to make sth larger , wider or more open
to get away from or out of a position in which they are stuck or trapped
much loved ; very attractive , special , etc .
the position of being in charge of a meeting or committee ; the person who holds this position
the place where sb / sth is meant to be ; the correct place
an object that people practise shooting at , especially a round board with circles on it
something that you feel you have to do because it is your moral or legal responsibility
having the length mentioned
the business of providing people with insurance
something that is represented in writing
to experience sth , especially sth unpleasant or difficult , while you are trying to do sth else
lasting for a long time ; difficult to cure or get rid of
a hard hit given with a closed hand
to give , say , use , etc. sth good where it is not valued or used in the way that it should be
what happens to sb or what will happen to them in the future , especially things that they cannot change or avoid
a very small amount of money
everywhere or in every situation
to manage to control an emotion
to become separated from sth
to make people have a particular reaction
the study and treatment of diseases and injuries
upset because sth you hoped for has not happened or been as good , successful , etc. as you expected
to try to find or to do sth in a hurry or with difficulty , often by moving your hands or feet about quickly , without much control
a small hill
a way of presenting images on television with the width a lot greater than the height
used with would or should as a polite way to say what you want or to ask what sb wants
( especially NAmE ) a group of companies that work together illegally to reduce competition , control prices , etc .
an occasion when a bomb is dropped or left somewhere ; the act of doing this
to form a good relationship with sb so that you like and understand each other
as a result of or because of sth that has happened
covered with fur
soft , smooth and shiny like silk
causing people to feel strong emotions
all the workers employed in an organization considered as a group
to hold sb 's interest or attention so completely that they cannot look away or think of anything else
a boy or young man who does a particular job
the act of making sth equal or considering sth as equal ( = of equating them )
to plan or organize sth in advance
a person connected with a particular job
to get out of a bus , a train or other vehicle
an amount of sth that you need and want frequently , especially an illegal drug such as heroin
a person who is extremely skilful at doing sth , especially playing a musical instrument
when you go to the cinema or to the movies , you go to a cinema / movie theater to see a film / movie
to find out sth by looking , asking or waiting
extremely happy ; showing happiness
to fight to get control of sth or to win sth
to be in a better position because of sth
to show the image of sb / sth on the surface of water , glass , etc .
the possibility of sth happening that will injure , harm or kill sb , or damage or destroy sth
to say or sing sounds or words
a set of related programs for a particular type of task , sold and used as a single unit
written by hand , not printed or typed
a point scored in the game of cricket or baseball
covering a large amount of space
a fall , especially from a bicycle or a boat
a route or path that is not straight but has many changes in direction ; not direct
general ; not only looking at details
as well ; too
quiet and serious in a way that seems formal
the people who live in a particular town
a radio or television message or broadcast
simple and plain in style ; not decorated
to eat or drink too much , especially without being able to control yourself
the same
a cloth bag filled with soft material or feathers that is used , for example , to make a seat more comfortable
aware of the latest fashions and wanting to follow them
the scientific study of the life and structure of plants and animals
taking place over a long period of time and involving a lot of difficulties
a television programme that is shown again
a short explosive sound
to hold sth tightly between the thumb and finger or between two things that are pressed together
a train , bus or plane at a station or an airport that a passenger can take soon after getting off another in order to continue their journey
of very bad quality ; very bad
connected with the process of judging things
almost or very nearly , so that any slight difference is not important
to go to sb for information or advice
a fungus used in making beer and wine , or to make bread rise
an act or the state of continuing
a small round area that has a different colour or feels differen t from the surface it is on
to make yourself comfortable in a new position
an official series of visits made to different places by a sports team , an orchestra , an important person , etc .
a decision
not done , seen , happening , etc. very often
to burn slowly without a flame
wanted and thought possible
the act or process of putting people or things into a group or class ( = of classifying them )
a sudden wish to do or have sth , especially when it is sth unusual or unnecessary
the top part of the inside of the mouth
to take a long time to do sth , especially to make a decision
used to introduce a summary or an explanation of sth that you have just said or done
able to understand and learn things
an examination of sth in order to find out about it
to move slowly from side to side ; to move sth in this way
an understanding about sth ; an ability to judge sth
in a way that is not good enough
a type of official organization which aims to encourage and develop art , literature , science , etc .
not guilty of a crime , etc ; not having done sth wrong
a loud high unpleasant cry or noise
mouth
strong bright flames in a fire
a million pixels ( = very small individual areas on a computer screen ) , used to measure the quality of a digital screen or image
without either team getting any points , goals , etc .
connected with particular circumstances
to be in a particular condition or situation
a thing or person that causes sth to improve suddenly
to teach people sth in a way that gives them too much help and does not make them think for themselves
if sth bounces or you bounce it , it moves quickly away from a surface it has just hit or you make it do this
full of life and excitement
the fact of being the father of a child
to be so bad or so great that a person cannot deal with it ; to give too much of a thing to a person
containing fewer calories than other types of food , and therefore less likely to make you fat ( a way of spelling ‘ light ’ )
at that point ( in a story , an argument , etc . )
to put a precious stone into a piece of jewellery
machinery or equipment designed using technology
a large bird with a long tail , the male of which is brightly coloured . People sometimes shoot pheasants for sport or food . Meat from this bird is also called pheasant .
a particular style or fashion in clothes , art , etc .
aggressive and dangerous
without a clear or definite shape or structure
waste gases that come out of a vehicle , an engine or a machine
a person who is making a telephone call
the basic principles of a subject that you have to learn first
to form sth
the art of dancing , especially for entertainment
a professional entertainer such as a singer , a dancer or an actor
used to show that you do not think that what sb has said or done is very impressive
in a way that has a very great effect on sb / sth
to fall to a lower level ; to become worse
spread or carried by water
done or taking place at home
used as the past form of shall when reporting what sb has said
to describe a situation , a problem , etc. in a way that is too simple and ignores some of the facts
packed and transported in containers ( 2 )
to make a secret plan to harm sb , especially a government or its leader
a feeling of sadness mixed with pleasure and affection when you think of happy times in the past
to frighten or hurt a weaker person ; to use your strength or power to make sb do sth
a room at the front of a shop / store
a small hard fruit with a very hard shell that grows on some trees
to ask sb to come to a social event
a male member of a royal family who is not king , especially the son or grandson of the king or queen
staying at home rather than going out to work
without a person going together with sb / sth
a rude remark that sb shouts at sb else to show that they do not respect or like them
to cover sth wit h a glaze to give it a shiny surface
to appear from behind clouds
either of the two organs on the face that you see with
making sth seem negative and less attractive or good
the fact of passing an exam , completing a course of training or reaching the standard necessary to do a job or take part in a competition
not having shaved or been shaved recently
a particular way of presenting or thinking about a situation , problem , etc .
to remove sb / sth from somewhere by digging the ground around them or it
the act or process of forming an opinion , based on what you already know
a small tool with two long thin parts joined together at one end , used for picking up very small things or for pulling out hairs
wanting to do sth
having or showing opinions , especially about politics , that are not extreme
to arrange sth or the parts of sth into a particular order or structure
to sit or fall down heavily
a sudden bright light that shines for a moment and then disappears
located furthest west
a large round object in space that moves around a star ( such as the sun ) and receives light from it
a book , chart , computer program , etc. that contains dates and is used for recording information , arranging meetings , etc .
( in England and Wales in the past ) an exam in a particular subject , at a lower level than A level , usually taken at the age of 16 . In 1988 it was replaced by the GCSE .
the quality of being fair or reasonable
tea
used to ask the general area where sb / sth is
to express feelings such as anger or worry in order to get rid of them
as a representative of
the state of being a member of an academic or professional organization
to move the hands of a clock so that they show the correct earlier time
the water provided for a town , an area or a building ; the act of or system for supplying water to a town , etc .
to persuade sb that sth is a good idea , service , product , etc ; to persuade sb that you are the right person for a job , position , etc .
not suitable or correct in a particular situation
to fill sth or become filled with gas or air
to be dealt with later
digital television
a very small area of a particular colour
trying to prevent sb / sth from making progress
that exists or that has a particular quality only when compared with sth else
an illness in the stomach that makes you feel sick or have diarrhoea
not fit to live in ; impossible to live in
the very early period of human history when tools and weapons were made of stone
the main cause of sth , such as a problem or difficult situation
a form of theatre or television entertainment that consists of a series of short performances , such as singing , dancing and funny acts
receiving a lot of light and heat from the sun
an act of killing , especially when an animal is hunted or killed
said , done or shown in an open or direct way , so that you have no doubt about what is happening
all right ; acceptable ; in an acceptable way
to be sth that is likely to happen or will possibly happen to sb in the future
to put sb / sth on a shortlist for a job , prize , etc .
an opening down the front of a pair of trousers / pants that fastens with a zip or buttons and is usually covered over by a strip of material
a place on a website where a user can write or read messages
to be in a position from where you can see or control sth
the process of atoms joining together
arranged in such a way that a particular person or thing has an advantage or a disadvantage
how well sb / sth is performing ; the fact that sb / sth is performing well
to be successful when you get involved in sth
a group of objects , often of the same sort , that have been collected
connected or concerned with love or a sexual relationship
in or into a secret place in order to hide from the police , the government , etc .
done without delay
the rights and advantages that rich and powerful people in a society have
behaving in the way mentioned
to be as good , impressive , etc. as sb / sth else
allowing everyone in a society , business , etc. to give their opinions and to help make decisions
containing a lot of a substance
not showing much emotion ; not changing much in tone
to think of two people or things as separate and not connected with each other
to put things in an untidy pile
to formally oppose a decision or statement because you think it is wrong
to show or suggest that sb is involved in sth bad or criminal
to no longer move ; to make sb / sth no longer move
to find out the true or correct information about sth
using the best and most expensive seats or accommodation in a train , plane or ship
the standard of sth when it is compared to other things like it ; how good or bad sth is
used to introduce the reason for sth mentioned in the previous statement
a chemical element . Sulphur is a pale yellow substance that produces a strong unpleasant smell when it burns and is used in medicine and industry .
being the result of a particular process
containing information and details that strongly suggest that sth is true but do not prove it
related through parents and children rather than brothers , sisters , aunts , etc .
that can be understood by sb
the act of speaking to sb about sth , especially when making an offer or a request
to make a flat stone jump across the surface of water
to be produced or published
used to say how sb reacts when they have to face sb / sth
the state of being disillusioned
a young person who behaves in an extremely noisy and violent way in public , usually in a group
the stage at which no more of sth can be accepted or added because there is already too much of it or too many of them
done very quickly , without enough thought or care
a large number of things , which are usually unpleasant , that happen suddenly within a short period of time
to use up a particular period of time doing sth
acting as a preface or an introduction to sth
( in writing ) hour
a clever remark that is int ended to upset or annoy sb
thin but strong
to make it easier or possible for sb to do sth by doing sth for them or by giving them sth that they need
having beams of wood
not showing any evidence of a particular substance or medical condition
a series of connected things or people
a thing that is similar to another thing
to make sb experience sth very difficult or unpleasant
very simple and old-fashioned , especially when sth is also not convenient and comfortable
to remove sth that you do not want from a liquid , light , etc. by using a special device or substance
to send sth to sb using the postal system
the first in a series of things such as sports games ; the first action in an event , a game , etc .
the time of life when a person is young , especially the time before a child becomes an adult
the Romani people
an act of injecting sb with a drug or other substance
too cold to be comfortable
a type of light thin cloth , made especially from cotton or silk , with a surface that is covered in lines and folds
the plant on which soya beans grow ; the food obtained from soya beans
to make a short high sound
to succeed in dealing with or controlling a problem that has been preventing you from achieving sth
an interruption in the game for a particular reason
used to show the part of sb / sth that sb touches , holds , etc .
quick with words in a way that annoys people or does not show respect
a very small amount
involving several computer operations at the same time
a long loud sound made when the wind is blowing strongly
knowledge of sth
to feel a series of regular painful movements
belonging to or part of the real nature of sth / sb
to try to persuade sb to buy sth , to give you sth or to make a business deal with you
connected with a doctorate
to remove the parts of a book , film / movie , etc. that are considered to be offensive , immoral or a political threat
the ability to measure very small changes
to become involved in a situation in order to improve or help it
little ; not much
so cold that it has become very hard
expensive ; for the use of sb who is considered important
to continue speaking , often after a short pause
the soft high noise that a cat makes
different from each other
the Monday , week , etc. immediately following
used in writing to make sb take notice of a particular piece of information that is important ( from Latin ‘ nota bene ’ )
an examination of what sth is like or why it happens
not healthy ; not working correctly
a pause for advertisements in the middle of a television or radio programme
to improve a situation ; to make it easier for sth to happen
something that is added on to sth else , or put inside sth else
in a short simple form
to strongly criticize sb / sth , especially publicly
an excellent example of how successful sth can be
nothing
from one side of sth to the other ; across sth
a contest , game , etc. in which the previous winner or winners compete in order to try to win again
an area of wet land
a piece of electrical equipment in which food is kept cold so that it stays fresh
to look at or examine sth thoroughly
approximately or a little more than the number mentioned
a title given to the wife of a king who has died and who is the mother of the new king or queen
to make a piece of music sound more modern , or more like popular music or jazz
shaped like a circle ; round
immediately
official permission or power to do sth ; the act of giving permission
to decorate the surface of sth by putting pieces of wood or metal into it in such a way that the surface remains smooth
to prevent the progress or development of sb / sth
to find out if sth / sb is present , correct or true or if sth is how you think it is
to come near to sb / sth in distance or time
a river or stream that flows into a larger river or a lake
thick , soft , wet mud or a substance that looks like it
a person suffering from severe mental illness
to force a way through a barrier
a small , sudden movement with part of the body
a complete change of opinion , plan or behaviour
to invent a new word or phrase that other people then begin to use
to damage sth by pulling it apart or into pieces or by cutting it on sth sharp ; to become damaged in this way
to be the place where sth is kept or where sth operates from
a cream , jelly or liquid that you put on your hair or skin to make it look better
needing little or no effort , so that it seems easy
used to show a change in state
not loyal or faithful to your friends , family , country , etc .
if sth engrosses you , it is so interesting that you give it all your attention and time
unpleasant and without any hope that sth good will happen
something that is important to a person , an organization , etc .
to be moving ; to be going somewhere
food that is offered as a meal
the home of a small animal
to make a high ringing s ound like a whistle
to use sth , for example money , in a different way or for a different purpose
your social position
to make short quick movements that you cannot control , for example because you are cold or afraid
becoming faster and faster
to find or discover sb / sth
a plane or train journey with stops in many places
to visit or call
a strong metal container containing gas or a chemical substance , especially one that bursts when it is fired from a gun or thrown
an act of changing a decision because of criticism or because a situation has become too difficult
to stop people from continuing to want or need sth
an opportunity to do sth , usually to get sth that you want or to achieve success
being careful about what you say or do , especially to avoid danger or mistakes ; not taking any risks
a situation in which a person or group gains control of a company by buying all or most of its shares
to go back to a normal level
connected with the British Conservative Party
to rub sth against a surface , in order to remove dirt or liquid from it ; to rub a surface with a cloth , etc. in order to clean it
not high ; not loudly
to speak , write or communicate in some other way what you think or feel
used to warn or advise sb that sth bad could happen ; otherwise
connected with England , its people or its language
an instrument for weighing people or things
an amount of time or distance that sb has as an advantage over other people at the beginning of a race
believing in superstitions
agreement about sth
to say officially that sth is not safe enough to be used
the feeling of liking or loving sb / sth very much and caring about them
to carry or move sth from one place to another
to be careful of sth
a car with four doors and a boot / trunk ( = space at the back for carrying things ) which is separated from the part where the driver and passengers sit
not usual or not socially acceptable
connected to a computer
capable of nuclear fission
used in the title of academic journals
to become frightened
to think about , consider or study sth
recording or producing sound which comes from only one direction
to cut sb 's skin and make it bleed
to continue to be in a particular place for a period of time without moving away
the act of not being faithful to your wife , husband or partner , by having sex with sb else
a passage in the neck through which food and air pass on their way into the body ; the front part of the neck
something that is produced for other people to use , watch , enjoy , etc .
on the left side of sth
to arrange things in groups or in a particular order according to their type , etc ; to separate things of one type from others
a time when there are no restrictions on criticizing particular groups of people or treating them unfairly
from one side to the other side
to supply a machine or vehicle with the energy that makes it work
if a person parts from another person , or two people part , they leave each other
a part of an army , air force , etc. that is organized and controlled separately ; a group of officers who give orders
to check again that sth is definitely correct or as previously arranged
having the power to control an area of business or industry and make sure that it is operating fairly
extremely clever and complicated , often in an unpleasant way
the branch of medicine concerned with the birth of children
fair and equal treatment of everyone in an organization , etc , and their right to take part in making decisions
to remove sth from sth else by pulling it roughly or violently
to make a formal speech to a group of people
to calculate sth approximately
to put things one on top of another ; to form a pile
the m inisters of the Christian religion ; the institution of the Christian religion
showing great skill or understanding
to be in the highest position on a list because you are the most successful , important , etc .
something from the past or from your family that affects the way you behave , look , etc .
a simple drawing using lines to explain where sth is , how sth works , etc .
to become bigger or taller and develop into an adult
involving both professional and amateur players
the position or power of a king or queen
to sit with one leg on either side of sth
to start or start sth again after stopping for a time
to pull a comb through your hair in order to make it neat
to increase the price or amount of sth
in traditional African culture , a sum of money or number of cattle that a man 's family pays to a woman 's family in order that he can marry her
the period of time when sth exists or functions
expected to do sth or to become sth
great enjoyment or pleasure
giving you a feeling of happiness
long or complicated
to travel on a particular route
to fall , move or hang in a heavy or awkward way , without control
a person you know well and like , and who is not usually a member of your family
not needing a lot of effort or thought
a person who is creative
a description of a person or thing that makes them seem ridiculous by exaggerating some of their characteristics
to make a dirty mark on a surface
to produce a particular effect
not done or made well or with skill
the fact of two things happening at the same time by chance , in a surprising way
to appear or come somewhere suddenly
likely to appear or happen soon
food for horses and cows
( in names of places ) Great
extra effort or work
increasing suddenly and rapidly
showing that sb is very worried or frightened , as if they are being followed or chased
used to ask sb to help you
the cards that you play or win in a single part of a card game
to continue to exist or be remembered
words that are thought to have magic power or to make a piece of magic work ; a piece of magic that happens when sb says these magic words
the quality of not being the same or not doing the same thing all the time
connected with or contained in a text
to take out more money from a bank account than it contains
showing that you do not take sth as seriously as other people think you should
a person whose job is teaching , especially in a school
in a way that is famous
to try to find out information about sb 's character , activities , etc .
a piece of women 's clothing that is tied around the body to cover the breasts
ordinary ; not unusual or special
used to emphasize sth that is real or exists in fact
the force by which objects tend to push each other away
directed or moving towards the back
to fasten sth with a knot or knots
not thought to be normal or acceptable by most people
to give back a job or position that had been taken away from sb
any of the tubes that carry blood from all parts of the body towards the heart
an area or a range within which an amount is likely to be correct or within which sth can be measured
a sign or measure that sth else can be judged by
a person whose business is buying and selling a particular product
in an emotional way that shows that you want sth very much but are not certain that sb will give it to you
connected with the processes that take place within living things
similar in form or nature to sth ; in agreement with sth
to move or lift sb / sth with a quick continuous movement
relating to the act of stealing from a shop / store by breaking a window and taking the goods you can see or reach easily
to take hold of sth and remove it by pull ing it
a group of approximately twelve people or things
to rest on or against sth for support
to obtain or receive an amount of money by selling sth
near the end of the day
a hard substance that is red , pink or white in colour , and that forms on the bottom of the sea from the bones of very small creatures . Coral is often used in jewellery .
to exist within , or include , different periods of time , activities or groups of people
having the value zero
a thing that produces light , especially an electric light
the greatest possible
looking expensive and fashionable
to fill a place with too many things , so that it is untidy
to put a ship or boat into the water , especially one that has just been built
the part of the day from mid night to midday
unnecessary excitement or anger about sth
an act or a statement expressing thanks to sb ; something that is given to sb as thanks
for this reason
in a calm or confident way
to twist or curl sth with your fingers
with pleasure
strong thick string or thin rope ; a piece of this
having a lid or other part that opens and shuts like the shell of a clam
large prawns ( = a type of sea creature ) covered with breadcrumbs or batter and fried
large enough to walk into
an act of stretching out your arms or legs or your body and contracting the muscles ; the state of being stretched
the northern part of a country , a region or the world
strange in a way that is unpleasant or offensive
to become or to make sb / sth more sympathetic and less severe or critical
to decide how sth will look , work , etc , especially by drawing plans or making models
( in Britain ) a nobleman of high rank between an earl and a duke
the part of a painting or a view that is neither very close nor very far away
a group of people who meet together regularly , for a particular activity , sport , etc .
confident and free to do things without needing help from other people
a situation in which the relationship between two countries or groups of people becomes more friendly after a period during which they were enemies
done or working without using cash
a situation that develops more and more quickly as it continues
a container with a handle and a lip , for holding and pouring liquids
used to show that you do not really care about sth or that you think it is not important
too great or beautiful to describe in words
a marriage ceremony , and the meal or party that usually follows it
to make a marriage or a relationship complete by having sex
to order or advise sb to do sth
an act of going shopping , especially for food and other items needed in the house
after a long time , especially when there has been some difficulty or delay
that has become very famous , like sb / sth in a myth
difficult to see because there is not much light
a route that is followed for a particular purpose
to take sb somewhere in a car , taxi , etc .
to say or write a comment about sth / sb
the position that is in the direction that sb / sth is facing
not high at the neck
used with adjectives or verbs that express strong feelings or extreme qualities to mean ‘ extremely ’
without the natural oils that makes it soft and healthy
to be extremely tired
the act of remembering who sb is when you see them , or of identifying what sth is
a swear word that people use to show that they are annoyed with sb / sth
a different kind or level of opinion , feeling , etc .
to eat , drink or use sth
happening or existing between the First and the Second World Wars
used when you are saying that it does not matter what sb does or what happens , because the result will be the same
a large cloth bag that is filled with feathers or other soft material and that you have on top of you in bed to keep yourself warm
not happy or smiling
too general and fail ing to think about or understand particular examples
when sth that is curled or rolled tightly unfurls , or you unfurl it , it opens
( especially on maps ) River
to move or pass to a particular place or state , usua lly gradually
to spoil sth by doing it very badly
a system of government in which there are a large number of state officials who are not elected ; a country with such a system
a long , angry look
to make sth less pleasant or enjoyable
to marry
a long walk
long or longer than usual or expected
difficult to explain or understand
to present a plan , an argument , etc. clearly and carefully
the measurements of sth ; its size and shape
in an even or balanced way
( in the past ) the Communist countries of Central and Eastern Europe
not part of a main or important group or situation
used to emphasize that you think sth is extremely bad or shocking
a force or movement of energy that causes sth else to react
to formally suggest that sb should be chosen for an important role , prize , position , etc .
a large piece of thin cloth used on a bed to lie on or lie under
showing that you need information , or that you have doubts
to do everything that is necessary to perform and complete a particular duty
in a circle
happening very fast
to move somewhere or do sth with difficulty
to arrive in great numbers or amounts
bright , attractive and informal ; looking suitable for wearing for sports
to spread over the area mentioned
something which is excellent , especially in sport
to discover the truth about sb or what they are trying to hide
the total amount of things that are caught
a faint unsteady light
an informal way of referring to a champion , often used in newspapers
to feel unable to breathe , or to make sb unable to breathe , because it is too hot and / or there is no fresh air
organized in a way that is not regular and / or fair
a place where soldiers live and have their training
having just come from a particular place ; having just had a particular experience
very thin , usually because of illness , not having enough food , or worry
on or connected with a peninsula
a person who gives a lecture
pleasant and friendly
containing or covered with oil
to make sth into a particular shape
the character and atmosphere of a place
to give a signal such as a warning by making a sound
having a value that is high or increasing
damp in an unpleasant way
a dark red precious stone
taking all your attention ; very attractive and interesting
to be in charge of a business , etc .
to make sb / sth unable to escape from a difficult situation or from a person who wants to control them
to push or press sth into sth else
to take or pull sth out , especially when this needs force or effort
to make a liquid less thick or strong by adding water or another substance
a system of thought that considers that solving human problems with the help of reason is more important than religious beliefs . It emphasizes the fact that the basic nature of humans is good .
a diagram that shows the relationship between members of a family over a long period of time
a scientific test that is done in order to study what happens and to gain new knowledge
to wash sb / yourself / sth with a wet cloth or sponge
the most typical or perfect example of a particular kind of person or thing
to develop or make sth develop a new form or structure , because of a genetic change
a particular condition or state
improving a situation ; having a helpful or useful effect
a country with a particular kind of climate
to go to see or visit sth such as a film / movie
sensible and careful when you make judgements and decisions ; avoiding unnecessary risks
to argue noisily about sth that is not very important
a state of thinking about sth continuously ; sth that you think about frequently or for a long time
considering only the bad side of sth / sb ; lacking enthusiasm or hope
not pleasant ; not making you feel relaxed ; not suitable for your personality
dark in colour ; dull
the most important part of sth that the rest depends on
the conditions of a person 's life , especially the money they have
to twist or move your body without stopping , often because you are in great pain
having parts that fit together and can move
used to describe a spoon , etc. that has as much in it or on it as it can hold
a class or group of people or things that share particular qualities or features and are part of a larger group ; a kind or sort
the complicated parts or details of sth
a strong feeling of not liking sb / sth
knowledge about the structure and behaviour of the natural and physical world , based on facts that you can prove , for example by experiments
used to make a polite suggestion
in a pleasant , nice way
to continue to use the same number when you change from one phone company to another
a large area covered with buildings that spreads from the city into the countryside in an ugly way
to make sth , especially a building , by putting parts together
an area of work or study that sb gives most of their attention to and knows a lot about ; sth that sb is good at
the space above the earth where planes fly
very carefully or regularly
to land or fall from the sky
the measurement in degrees of how hot or cold a thing or place is
an event at which sth is read to an audience for entertainment ; a piece of literature that is read at such an event
to say that you disagree with , disapprove of or oppose sth
the ability of sth to move over a surface without slipping
not able to do sth well or in an acceptable way
an amount of money that sb / sth wins or receives unexpectedly
the people who are competing against sb
to go somewhere or be present somewhere in large numbers
all the customers or clients of a shop / store , restaurant , organization , etc .
asking too many questions and trying to find out about what other people are doing , etc .
to make a picture or design using paints
the feeling that sb / sth is without value and deserves no respect at all
things that you do to get ready for sth or make sth ready
to move , or make sb / sth move , around quickly in a circle or in a particular direction
the place where sb plays and the responsibilities they have in some team games
to hold or move your head or body in a particular way
a spoken or written statement that informs people about sth
the vote given by a particular group of people , or for a particular party , etc .
matters connected with a person 's private business and financial situation
containing no mistakes
to stop doing your job , especially because you have reached a particular age or because you are ill / sick ; to tell sb they must stop doing their job
a serious problem
to stick firmly to sth
to prevent sb from doing what they want by creating unnecessary problems
happening or coming next after the first in a series of similar things or people ; 2nd
to have a particular function or pattern
not behaving in a fair , generous and polite way , especially when playing a sport or game
used for referring to people or things of a particular type
showing determination to do sth
to feel sorry about sth you have done or about sth that you have not been able to do
when a liquid clears , it becomes transparent and you can see through it
to lean over to one side
to reduce sth by removing a part of it
a verb such as be or become that connects a subject with the adjective or noun ( called the complement ) that describes it
the body 's ability to avoid or not be affected by infection and disease
the amount of sth
to meet and talk to different people , especially at social events
a person , especially a child , who behaves badly
the abbreviation for ‘ First Certificate in English ’ ( a British test that measures a person 's ability to speak and write English as a foreign language at an upper-intermediate level )
the time when it is exactly 1 o 'clock , 2 o 'clock , etc .
having strong muscles
the work of a prostitute
using a logical method of thinking about sth in order to understand it , especially by looking at all the parts separately
a way ou t of a public building or vehicle
not crying
to leave sb / sth out by accident or deliberately
to defeat or gain control over sb completely by using greater strength
with nothing between sth and the source of the heat or light
to damage or spoil sth good
an event , a situation , or a period of time in sb 's life , a novel , etc. that is important or interesting in some way
anxious , embarrassed or afraid and unable to relax ; making you feel like this
a period of time working as an apprentice ; a job as an apprentice
very unpleasant and filling you with horror , usually because it is connected with death or injury
in a very bad condition ; dying
to change your opinion about sth ; to make sb change their opinion
happening or done against sb 's will
films / movies , music , etc. used to entertain people ; an example of this
an annoying person or thing
something that is needed in a particular situation or in order to do a particular thing
strong and steady
on the other side of the page of a book , etc .
growing closely together in large numbers
obvious and definite
to pull or touch sth several times
a job , especially an important one in a large organization
in a serious way
not usual or acceptable
used , especially after an adjective , to describe a man who has done sth bad
the part of sth that has a useful effect on sb / sth , especially sb 's health
used to emphasize that sth only applies to one particular person , thing or situation
to discover sb / sth / yourself doing sth or in a particular situation , especially when this is unexpected
a person who lives in or uses a building , room , piece of land , etc . SYN occupant
to give a person or an animal a vaccine , especially by injecting it , in order to protect them against a disease
to break or damage sth by pushing it or hitting it from the outside
a person who has a strong unreasonable fear or hatred of sth
paid for by the money charged for broadcasting advertisements
resulting from strong feelings rather than careful thought
an extra section added to a book , newspaper or magazine , especially to advertise sth
light colours in a pict ure , which contrast with darker ones
to become separated from sth as a result of force
used to say that you think sb 's idea , suggestion , etc. is not very good or that you do not believe what sb has said
a piece of land with new buildings on it
to encourage sb to speak by asking them questions or suggesting words that they could say
a person or an animal that lives in the particular place that is mentioned
how the mind influences behaviour in a particular area of life
that you are pleased to have , receive , etc .
spreading very quickly and difficult to stop
to continue doing or using sth and not want to change it
to use your teeth to cut into or through sth
a person who is very interested in the thing mentioned
difficult and unpleasant , making you feel tired or weak
a set of shares owned by a particular person or organization
a tree or bush that has green leaves all through the year
suitable and appropriate for a particular situation
a musician who plays traditional Mexican music , usually as part of a small group that travels from place to place ; the type of music played by these musicians
connected with a system of trading where goods are delivered and paid for immediately after sale
to move your hand gently over a surface , sb 's hair , etc .
split by disagreements or different opinions
a pair of women 's shoes that have high heels
to ask sb a lot of questions about sth in order to get information from them
to be very wide and often frightening and difficult to get across
used to suggest that sth is not important
protected by copyright ; not allowed to be copied without permission
by a large number of people
to be familiar with a person , place , thing , etc .
a computer program that you use to check sth , for example the spelling and grammar of sth you have written
being careful that every detail of sth is correct
something surprising or unexpected that happens
so strong that it seems to burn you
to break the ground into small pieces before planting seeds , building sth , etc .
to perform in a pop or rock concert before the main performer
performances of plays
a company involved in a particular kind of business ; an institution of a particular kind
to make sth valid for a further period of time
liking sth or wanting to do sth ; not opposed to doing sth
used to emphasize how serious a situation or an event is
a part of a television , radio , club or theatre show that is given to a particular entertainer or type of entertainment
the act of preventing sb / sth from entering a place or taking part in sth
a high seat or position
angry or violent disagreement between two people or groups of people
without moral principles ; not honest or fair
having controls that work without needing a person to operate them
the feeling or mood that you have in a particular place or situation ; a feeling between two people or in a group of people
mathematics , especially as a subject in school
towards the south
to place sth where it will be noticed and used
to move your body or a part of your body in a particular direction , especially using force
to be able to recognize flavours in food and drink
a type of cloth made of threads that produce a pattern of small holes like a net
to shut and lock sth such as a shop / store or a building , especially for a short period of time
to make sth more lively or full of energy
a movement in which the body turns over in the air
a person or thing that is disappointing
belonging to a particular place rather than coming to it from somewhere else
the act of trying to do or achieve sth
to make a hole or cut in sth with a sharp object in a rough or violent way
a lot
the chance of sth happening ; how likely sth is to happen
to tie sth with a rope so that it is held tightly and safely
to send sth somewhere in large numbers
appearing as a complete circle
fixed by law ; that must be done by law
to start working ; to make a DVD or video start working
a duty , responsibility , etc. that causes worry , difficulty or hard work
a prison
used to give more information about a person or thing
fit or suitable to be eaten ; not poisonous
trying or likely to destroy or damage a government or political system by attacking it secretly or indirectly
meaning that is important and valuable to you
the perfect example of sth
a boat or hollow structure that is one of several used to support a floating platform or bridge
how strong or deeply felt an opinion or a feeling is
connected with one day 's work
an event in which people compete with each other to find out who is the best at sth
a person whose job is to prepare medicines and sell or give them to the public in a shop / store or in a hospital
a group of members of a family who all have the same ancestors
to show the teeth and make a deep angry noise in the throat
a person who has the ability to say or write things that are both clever and amusing
to move suddenly and unexpectedly , especially out of the correct position
having an opportunity to do sth that makes you feel proud
to go away from a person or a place
something that is not worth what you pay for it
the fact of needing to be treated very carefully because it may offend or upset people
a criminal who , according to the law , is not yet an adult but no longer a child
the number and size of guns that an army , a ship , etc. has available
by means of ; because of
the opinion or idea you have of yourself , especially of your appearance or abilities
having or earning enough money so that you do not have to rely on sb else for help
the secret power of appearing to make impossible things happen by saying special words or doing special things
to be defeated or captured
to copy information , music , an idea , etc. from one method of recording or presenting it to another ; to be recorded or presented in a different way
giving your attention to sth because you enjoy finding out about it or doing it ; showing interest in sth and finding it exciting
a ticket that allows you to travel to a place but not back again
to have an uncomfortable feeling on your skin that makes you want to scratch ; to make your skin feel like this
the people sitting at a table for a meal or to play cards , etc .
not heated ; cooled after being cooked
a street in London , England with many shops / stores that sell expensive clothes for men that are often specially made for each person
to make sth that existed before be introduced again
with or for students who have different levels of ability
a particular good quality or habit
the act of limiting or controlling sb / sth
pale yellow wine
a person or thing that comes to a place
confused and not expressed clearly
the rise and fall of the voice in speaking , especially as this affects the meaning of what is being said
very great and impressive
to make a loud , high noise ; to move fast , making this noise
a thing that makes sb less likely to do sth ( = that deters them )
used to introduce a comment or a question
to take the place of sb / sth else ; to use sb / sth instead of sb / sth else
a record kept by a business of the products it has agreed to supply to its customers , often used to show how well the business is doing
with no people in it
not spending more money than necessary
that you do not have to pay to watch
used to disagree with sth that sb has just said
similar in every detail
to kick , hit or throw the ball to a player of your own side
a person who is willing to accept sth that is being offered
required by law
the feeling that you can trust , believe in and be sure about the abilities or good qualities of sb / sth
having a dark grey colour
to damage the surface of sth , especially by accident , by making thin shallow marks on it
to hit sth so that it moves or breaks
extremely bad or serious
a feeling of great sadness , especially when sb you love has died or left you
used in the names of animals or plants which are larger than similar kinds
the state of sth existing in reality
the process of helping sth to make progress or succeed ; the progress that is made
that you can trust and rely on
the quality of a particular product or material
money that an organization such as a bank lends and sb borrows
the central part of sth around which other parts are located or collected
happening or done without involving other people , actions , etc. in between
the fact of being strict or severe
used for saying why sb does sth
forced work for an employer for a fixed time without being paid , often as a way of paying a debt
to allow sth that was hidden to be seen
the furniture , carpets , curtains , etc. in a room or house
of poor quality ; with no value
very enthusiastic or excited about sth
bad-tempered and rude
a small device that is moved by hand across a surface to control the movement of the cursor on a computer screen
used when you are correcting sth that sb has said
a solid vertical piece of stone , wood or metal between two parts of a window
too small to be considered as important or useful
to watch sb / sth carefully , especially to learn more about them
the last day of the world when Christians believe that everyone will be judged by God
to allow sth ; to accept sth without complaining
( in Britain ) a practice exam that you do before the official one
used ( often before a comparative or superlative adjective ) when you are stating an opinion that you believe you could give reasons to support
an organization consisting of the United Kingdom and other countries , including most of the countries that used to be part of the British Empire
to take place as the result of sth
global positioning system ( a system by which signals are sent from satellites to a special device , used to show the position of a person or thing on the surface of the earth very accurately )
the way in which a language or a particular word or sound is pronounced
a thing that limits sb 's freedom of action
involving sudden , violent and strong winds
usually ; in normal circumstances
a particular distance above the ground
used to tell sb not to worry or be upset
along ; towards the direction in which you are facing
a theory that considers any text as a structure whose various parts only have meaning when they are considered in relation to each other
to have a strong feeling or idea in your mind for a long time
on or to the right side
to produce a change in sb / sth
a short section from the Bible that is read to people as part of a religious service
any substance that is used as food
immediately ; without delay
not acceptable from sb , especially sb who has an important job or high social position
to say nice things about sb , often in a way that is not sincere , because you want them to do sth for you or you want to please them
a product , business , etc. that produces a large profit
ready and able to deal with sth
not giving an opinion ; not showing which side of an argument you agree with
a large amount of sth that stretches over a wide area
connected with a professor ; like a professor
an emphatic statement , answer , etc. is given with force to show that it is important
if you do sth to sb 's satisfaction , they are pleased with it
opposition or resistance to a plan , an idea or a change
the quality of being special in a way that is exciting
very extreme or impressive but not reasonable or practical
during the time that sth is happening
having no direction or plan
the repeated rhythm of sth ; the skill of producing this
to fix sth into the surface of sth else , especially as a decoration
to get rid of sth with a sudden flow of water
the floor or floors in a building that are above the ground floor
beautiful ; wonderful
the act of recording sth in a document ; the state of being recorded in a document
very different from what they were before
using or involving every possible effort and done in a very determined way
a device that measures and records the amount of electricity , gas , water , etc. that you have used or the time and distance you have travelled , etc .
a collection of things ; a group of people
to rub a substance into the skin , hair , etc .
an unpleasant or offensive person ; a person who is dirty or greedy
easy to understand
very grand and complicated
a change from being successful to having problems or being defeated
to lose strips or small pieces of its covering
made up of fixed patterns of words or ideas
to make sb feel less angry about sth
to change , or make sth change , into sth different
having bad habits which cannot be changed or improved
having an attitude to life where imagination and the emotions are especially important ; not looking at situations in a realistic way
very intelligent or skilful
the state of being old
a sudden strong feeling that produces a physical effect
in the form of a liquid ; not a solid or a gas
to lift your foot and move it in a particular direction or put it on or in sth ; to move a short distance
to experience sth unpleasant , such as injury , defeat or loss
used to show that sb / sth is separated or removed
relating to , or controlled by , part of the main circuit board
a liquid , usually white , that you use to cover mistakes that you make when you are writing or typing , and that you can write on top of ; a type of correction fluid
to move very fast , especially in a vehicle , in a particular direction
a thing that is useless , especially because it does not work correctly
to use a particular language to express yourself
frequently repeated , in a way that is annoying
connected with the side of sth or with movement to the side
to take sb away illegally and keep them as a prisoner , especially in order to get money or sth else for returning them
a damaged area of the skin where it has been rubbed against sth hard and rough
bright coloured lights used to decorate a town or building for a special occasion
showing strong feelings or a lot of activity , often in a way that is violent
a small building with its roof leaning against the side of a large building , wall or fence
that people are not likely to believe or be persuaded by
creative ideas or material
used as a greeting to tell sb that you are pleased that they are there
an object whose name you do not use because you do not need to or want to , or because you do not know it
giving more time or importance to other people 's needs , wishes , etc. than to your own
to know sth perfectly so that you can repeat it at any time without having to think about it
used to show that you are thinking about a particular fact , and are influenced by it , when you make a statement about sth
the raised pattern on the surface of a tyre on a vehicle
owed for a time in the past
to ride a horse in this way
to do sth that you know is not really a good idea or may not succeed
to express an opinion on sth
to strongly disapprove of sth and criticize it , especially publicly
that can be used for a limited period of time , according to the arrangements in a lease
better or more than usual
not created according to standard forms or structures
in a way that shows that you know or understand about sth that is supposed to be secret
a children 's card game played with special cards with pictures of family members on them . The aim is to get as many whole families as possible .
located in front , especially on a ship , plane or other vehicle
not reacting to sb / sth ; not giving the response that you would expect or hope for
exactly in the place you were aiming for
referring to a way of doing or dealing with sth by considering many different possibilities , people , etc. in a way that is not well organized
a picture or an impression in your mind of what sb / sth is like
to fly using air currents , without the birds moving their wings or the aircraft using the engine
a group of objects used together , for example for playing a game
three successes in a row
a small ball of pastry , often with fruit in it , eaten as a dessert
a position or role , especially an official or professional role , when you have more than one such role
a drawing or plan from which sth may be made
a series of things that happen , especially ones that result in natural changes
the best possible ; producing the best possible results
relating to the population and different groups within it
a pain in your teeth or in one tooth
in a way that makes you feel anxious or embarrassed ; in a way that shows you are anxious or embarrassed
information that is not wanted and that can make it difficult for the important or useful information to be seen clearly
to take place at the same time
to ask sb to do sth in a serious and often emotional way
to put clean sheets , etc. on a bed
involving putting the penis into sb 's vagina or anus
used when speaking to sb you love
an object such as a piece of furniture that is old and often valuable
very similar ; almost the same
a plant whose leaves , flowers or seeds are used to flavour food , in medicines or for their pleasant smell . Parsley , mint and oregano are all herbs .
bad people , things , or events
for a period of time with no fixed limit
to talk or write only about the subject that you are supposed to talk or write about
to give information in writing
the opposite of sth
to find and follow a route
the distance that a vehicle has travelled , measured in miles
an official letter from the representative of one government to another
the use of methods that cause feelings of surprise
international baccalaureate
in a way that you would expect
used to show an action that you want or are advised to do
the process by which liquid substances are produced by parts of the body or plants
the fact of sb being very interested in sth so that it takes all their attention
to recommend sth strongly
fresh and clean ; new and slightly stiff without any folds in it
planned or fixed
a building where business people met in the past to buy and sell a particular type of goods
to not take the opportunity to do sth
not easily influenced or changed by other people
a lot of activity that is not well organized and that may cause problems or be annoying
containing acid
very good manners and behaviour ; the fact of belonging to a high social class
completely cold , when it should be warm or hot
a type of strong cloth made of wool , used for making clothes
industrial or human waste that has been treated
while sth else is happening or being done
containing a sensible variety of the sort of things or people that are needed
to say that sth that sb else has said is wrong , and that the opposite is true
used to emphasize sth you are saying or an opinion you are giving
to leave a place secretly or suddenly
to give sb / sth a particular name ; to use a particular name or title when you are talking to sb
strong and loyal in your opinions and attitude
a way of writing a novel , etc. as if one of the characters is telling the story using the word I
and not
a thick piece of wood that is cut from or has fallen from a tree
a person , an organization or a system that is new and without experience
to have a high temperature
to be at or near a particular level
a mixture or combination of things
to write or print words , letters , numbers , etc. on sth so that you know what it is , what group it belongs to , etc .
extremely hungry
if a person or an animal flares their nostrils ( = the openings at the end of the nose ) , or if their nostrils flare , they become wider , especially as a sign of anger
just ; certainly not more than ( a particular amount , age , time , etc . )
to arrange a ceremony or party for sb because they are leaving
to try to get information from sb by asking them a lot of questions
the quality of doing sth in a smooth and skilful way
to call to sb in order to say hello to them or attract their attention
a container or machine which cools things , especially drinks , or keeps them cold
lacking strength or energy
a person sb meets for the first time , for example in a bar , with whom they start a sexual relationship
if you fasten your eyes on sb / sth or your eyes fasten on sb / sth , you look at them for a long time
allowed or recognized by law ; legal
the general conditions in which an event takes place , which sometimes help to explain that event
to show that you have no respect for sb by the expression on your face or by the way you speak
giving advice and help ; having a strong influence on people
to prevent yourself from having or expressing a feeling or an emotion
a wide view of an area of land , etc .
involving or concerning only the people who are part of a particular organization rather than people from outside it
to catch your foot on sth and fall or almost fall
having a loud , rough and unpleasant sound
a shop / store that sells medicines and usually also soap , make-up , etc .
the gradual destruction of a society , an institution , a system , etc .
towards a better state or position
to turn your eyes in a particular direction
a short period of time , especially at night , when the temperature is below 0 ° Celsius
a lack of knowledge or information about sth
the most important or central beliefs , etc. of a person or group
the way in which sb 's face or body is fixed in a particular expression , especially one showing determination
easily offended or upset
the system on a computer keyboard or typewriter that allows capital letters or a different set of characters to be typed ; the key that operates this system
to be suspicious about sth ; to not trust sth
to give sb an unpleasant feeling on their skin , as if a lot of small sharp points are pushing into it
the net and the metal ring it hangs from , high up at each end of a basketball court ; a point that is scored by throwing the ball through this net
to bite sth continuously , for example because you are nervous or to taste it
the aims of a political party and the things that they say they will do if they are elected to power
if an activity or type of behaviour is addictive , people need to do it as often as possible because they enjoy it
a flat part at the side of a road for people to walk on
having one or more gables
to a very high degree
having a lot of imagination , but not very realistic
usually ; very often ; by most people
success in a game , an election , a war , etc .
a hidden store of things such as weapons
to fit together all the separate parts of sth , for example a piece of furniture
the first letter of a person 's first name
a cold light dessert ( = a sweet dish ) made from fruit that is cooked and crushed and mixed with cream or custard
a sharp , usually repeated , sound made in the throat , that is caused by a sudden movement of the diaphragm and that you cannot control
a protecting cover made of glass on a watch , picture or photograph frame , fire alarm , etc .
fully completed , especially in a particular way
having a good / bad opinion of a person or thing
to enter a building by force and steal things
how heavy sb / sth is , which can be measured in , for example , kilograms or pounds
standing or arranged closely together in rows or lines
shoes with a very low heel
the activity of making models of objects
pretty damn / damned quick ( = very fast )
the act or process of sending out an electronic signal or message or of broadcasting a radio or television programme
to force liquid , gas , etc. in a thin fast stream through a narrow opening ; to be forced out of a narrow opening in this way
anything shaped like a horseshoe
a small nail with a sharp point and a flat head , used especially for fixing a carpet to the floor
the condition of being one of the states within a country such as the US or Australia
people who are alive now
a person who wants their country to become independent
almost or completely surrounded by land
home and family life
to have the same opinion as sb ; to say that you have the same opinion
to spend time hiking for pleasure
a rough written version of sth that is not yet in its final form
with no particular purpose or effect ; useless
not trying to hide what you think or do
knowledge of facts about a lot of different subjects
having or showing an understanding of people 's needs , a situation , etc. that is not based on old-fashioned attitudes and prejudice
a long narrow cut or opening
a famous person , especially one who works in entertainment or sport
a large amount or number of sth
to show or treat sb in a way that makes them seem not worth any respect or not worth taking seriously
to attach one thing to another using a staple or staples
to stop the supply of sth to sb
to make a fire stop burning or a light stop shining
unwilling to obey rules or accept normal standards of behaviour , dress , etc .
to enter a place in a large group and take control of it , especially by military force
containing or producing the type of electricity that is carried by a proton
an important railway / railroad line between two cities
to start to understand sth
full of fun ; wanting to play
connected with surrealism
to make a hole in sth by removing part of it
an amount of sth that has been cut or separated from the rest of it ; a standard amount of sth
having a style that is exciting and amusing , sometimes in a way that is connected with sex
feeling admiration for sb / sth because you think they are particularly good , interesting , etc .
a person , place or thing that sb / sth is attracted to
in or towards the north-east
( especially in the past ) a person on a ship who attacks other ships at sea in order to steal from them
to cause a particular type of behaviour to develop
showing no sign that the person is thinking of anything
containing a lot of a particular thing
a design used as the symbol of a particular family , organization , etc , especially one that has a long history
very strong
to talk a lot about unimportant things
actually existing or happening and not imagined or pretended
behaviour that people think is strange or unusual ; the quality of being unusual and different from other people
always right or accurate
to force sb to leave a place , position or job
to pull sth behind sb / sth , usually along the ground ; to be pulled along in this way
something that sb insinuates
Her / His Majesty 's Ship ( used before the name of a ship in the British navy )
a unit for measuring temperature
the period between sb 's birth and their death ; a part of this period
the act of separating people or things from a larger group
to make a furrow in the earth
land , rather than sea
connected with sex in an offensive way
preserved in salt water and vinegar
acting or done quickly and without thinking carefully about the results
to copy a film / movie , television programme , etc. in an amusing way by exaggerating its main features
morally good or acceptable ; correct according to law or a person 's duty
to not recognize how good , important , etc. sb / sth really is
looking for or trying to get the thing mentioned ; the activity of doing this
not caring enough about sth important or about the feelings of other people
an act or a sound of ringing
connected with or typical of the countries or peoples using languages developed from Latin , such as Spanish , Portuguese , Italian or French
involving the usual events or tasks of each day
to write or talk about sth in detail , showing the different ideas and opinions about it
to undo sth that has been wrapped into a ball or around sth
an accident in which a vehicle hits sth , for example another vehicle , usually causing damage and often injuring or killing the passengers
to manage with less of sth than you might expect to need
a factory or place where power is produced or an industrial process takes place
to make a design or an outline for sth
to follow sb closely
the greatest amount , size , speed , etc. that is possible , recorded or allowed
to confuse one person or thing with another
connected with money , especially all the money in a country
an instrument used for measuring the temperature of the air , a person 's body , etc .
drops of liquid that appear on the surface of your skin when you are hot , ill / sick or afraid
the state of feeling relaxed or comfortable without worries , problems or pain
a container made of paper or plastic , that opens at the top , used especially in shops / stores
a list of websites or electronic works about a particular subject that have been used by a person writing an article , etc .
showing too much support for one person , group or idea , especially without considering it carefully
to put sth / sb somewhere quickly , suddenly or for a short time
used to say that sth happened continuously or frequently during a period in the past
to destroy buildings , trees , etc. with a bulldozer
having no flavour
to organize and / or do a particular activity
to come into use ; to begin to apply
the amount of money that is available to a person , an organization or a government to spend
changing suddenly and quickly
a rest or sleep taken in the early afternoon , especially in hot countries
to make a firm decision to do sth
to attend an event ; to be present in a place
a person or thing that is unaccounted for cannot be found and people do not know what has happened to them or it
only interested in pleasure , and not in anything serious or important
feeling that sb has done sth wrong , illegal or dishonest , without having any proof
connected with the way in which a business , machine , system , etc. works
the form of a noun , a pronoun or an adjective when it is the subject of a verb
if a machine goes , it works
the flames , light and heat , and often smoke , that are produced when sth burns
light yellowish-brown in colour
curving or stretching round at the sides
very full of things or people pressed close together
the hard seed of a tropical tree originally from SE Asia , used in cooking as a spice , especially to give flavour to cakes and sauces
very strong ; extreme
a barrier that is used to control the flow of water on a river or canal
not having sex with anyone ; only having sex with the person that you are married to
likely to fall or cause sb to fall
a 1 000th of a second
an attempt to become involved in a different activity or profession
to say more about sth , or make a more extreme point about it
general health and happiness
to continue moving
done without any good reason or purpose and often having harmful effects
about ; approximately ( from Latin circa )
a conversation about other people and their private lives
a part of a building that has its own walls , floor and ceiling and is usually used for a particular purpose
an unfair or unreason able thing that sb expects or asks you to do
showing people , animals and objects as they really look
a period of silence , especially following a lot of noise , or when people are expecting sth to happen
for senior citizens ( = older people , especially those who have retired from work )
a large powerful lamp , used for lighting sports grounds , theatre stages and the outside of buildings
a public meeting or march at which people show that they are protesting against or supporting sb / sth
to survive in a difficult or dangerous situation
to move around an area
to go with sb from one place to another , especially to guide or lead them
a collection of things from which sth can be chosen
used to show the limits in a range or an order
used when continuing a conversation after a pause
to break sth , or to be broken , violently and noisily into many pieces
a person or an organization that broadcasts illegally
to find out sth by guessing
a substance that has been obtained from sth else using a particular process
an organ in a person 's or an animal 's body that produces a substance for the body to use . There are many different glands in the body .
words that translate what is said in a film / movie into a different language and appear on the screen at the bottom . Subtitles are also used , especially on television , to help deaf people ( = people who cannot hear well ) .
to roll a dice or let it fall after shaking it ; to obtain a particular number in this way
a tropical plant grown for its seeds and their oil , which are used in cooking
moving or working at exactly the same time and speed as sb / sth else
a situation in which sb uses dishonest or illegal methods in order to get money from a company , another person , etc .
not saying much about sth , especially when other people want to know more
connected with evolution ; connected with gradual development and change
to do sth in a way that shows you think you are too important to do it
to become red in the face because you are embarrassed or ashamed
the method of showing action at a much slower speed than it happened in real life
to act as an official in charge of sth , especially a sports event
full of energy
a large building where public entertainments and meetings are held
a confined area in which animals or people perform or compete , with seats around the outside for the audience
the feeling of being worried or unhappy about sth
not allowing a liquid or gas to pass through
to operate a machine which is not in the same place as you
unpleasant , confused or difficult to deal with
to give sb a signal using your finger or hand , especially to tell them to move nearer or to follow you
to make sb / sth accept or be aware of your presence or ideas
to make sth look neat by putting things in the place where they belong
to fall to the ground
containing bullets , film , etc .
a glass or can of shandy
very important and having a great influence , especially as the result of years of work
to lose sth or have sth taken away from you because you have done sth wrong
used to describe the fact that a situation is getting worse
not suiting a particular person
noisy fun , usually involving a lot of eating and drinking
a person who skates for pleasure or as a sport
extreme anger
likely to happen very soon
in a good state or position
not calm or relaxed
to not consider sth , because other things are more i mportant
evil and cruel
to resist or survive in a dangerous or difficult situation
spoken , not written
a violent situa tion or period of fighting between two countries
to consider sth that happened or was said at an earlier time
to become an expert in a particular area of work , study or business ; to spend more time on one area of work , etc. than on others
land that consists of moors
any thing at all , when it does not matter which
continuous busy activity or a continuous series of changing events
very violent , with strong winds
a lot of unnecessary or repeated activity or discussion
a period of time when you are not at work or school
to return sth to its previous position or status
a glass of beer
a way of behaving and dressing that is acceptable to young people , especially those who live in cities and have experienced the problems of real life
causing damage or injury to sb / sth , especially to a person 's health or to the environment
a show performed by circus entertainers , usually in a large tent called a big top
tired and almost asleep
intended to protect sb 's reputation and to avoid embarrassment
a person who does not wear any clothes because they believe this is more natural and healthy
a murder or other killing which is considered a crime , for example when a person dies because sb is careless
the red liquid that flows through the bodies of humans and animals
involving a lot of effort and energy , especially over a period of time
animal and vegetable fats , when you are thinking of them as part of what a person eats
a belief or an opinion that is against the principles of a particular religion ; the fact of holding such beliefs
having a lot of flavour
anything that is attractive and that people want to have
a set of beliefs or an attitude to life that guides sb 's behaviour
crazy and not caring about danger ; not sensible
to push sb with your elbow , usually in order to get past them
used to refer to a set of ideas or system of beliefs or behaviour
a meeting in a group where people combine work , competition and pleasure
with one or more spikes
a cloud of sth that rises and curves upwards in the air
news
a person who is chosen or elected to represent the views of a group of people and vote and make decisions for them
to make a mark or sth you have written disappear , for example by rubbing it , especially in order to correct it
to break open or apart , especially because of pressure from inside ; to make sth break in this way
an occasion when sb is suddenly told they are no longer wanted , especially by a lover or by a company
very popular with a particular group of people ; treating sb / sth as a cult figure , etc .
to prove that sth is wrong
to ask sb for sth
sudden action that is taken in order to stop an illegal activity
to begin to fight against your ruler or government or against a foreign army
that can be folded , so that it can be carried or stored in a small space
something , for example a document , piece of paper money , etc , that has been copied in order to cheat people
the act or duty of protecting property , places or people from attack or danger ; the act or duty of preventing prisoners from escaping
a person whose job is to repair things
an area of land with a lot of houses or factories of the same type on it
a report in a newspaper or magazine , or on the Internet , television or ra dio , in which sb gives their opinion of a book , play , film / movie , etc ; the act of writing this kind of report
people who are ill / sick
not supporting one person or group more than another
the act of supplying sth
to express or repeat sth with force
to be attended by everyone who has the right to attend
to fall down in an uncontrolled way because you are injured , unconscious , drunk , etc .
the colour of blood or fire
a summary or record of what is said or decided at a formal meeting
a feeling of great pleasure
a short journey on a horse , etc .
true or correct as a fact
no longer satisfied with your situation , organization , belief , etc. and therefore not loyal to it
to build or put sth together again
not human ; not seeming to be produced by a human and therefore frightening
forced to do sth by law , duty or a particular situation
a piece of clothing covering the lower part of the body and sometimes the top part of the legs , worn by men and boys for swimming
in the direction of sth
a weakness or fault in sb / sth
seeming to have strange mental powers and to be able to do things that are not possible according to natural laws
a loud shout
to deliberately annoy or upset sb
used in letters , emails , etc. to refer to a previous letter , email , conversation , etc .
a place or position very near to sb / sth
not thinking clearly ; not clearly expressed
to increase in size , number , strength or quality
a person who is not strong or brave
a book , a film / movie , a television programme , or an object that is based on a book , film / movie or television series that has been very successful
either of two surfaces of sth flat and thin , such as paper or cloth
not often
a place that people do not take care of or control
a mark such as an accent , placed over , under or through a letter in some languages , to show that the letter should be pronounced in a different way from the same letter without a mark
to make sb unable to think clearly ; to confuse sb
any female bird
only to be used by one particular person or group ; only given to one particular person or group
to make sb laugh or smile
a large amount of water moving very quickly
the colour of smoke or ashes
a swear word that people use to emphasize what they ar e saying
to destroy a building or a group of trees completely by knocking it down
to spend time doing things in a way that is not well organized and that does not achieve much
to tear , or to make sth tear , along a straight line
the way that a person or thing is or appears
two people who are doing sth together or who have a particular relationship
used to show what sb 's opinion or feeling about sth is
directed towards a particular group , place , etc. in a way that may not be accurate or fair
to move up and down suddenly or in a way that is not controlled
to make a particular score in a complete round or competition
fair , practical and sensible
a way of doing sth that is quicker than the usual way
to rush in a particular direction
a liquid , used after washing clothes , that makes them softer
the effect that sb / sth has on the way a person thinks or behaves or on the way that sth works or develops
to make sb feel a particular emotion
believed to be visited by ghosts
to move somewhere quickly , especially in order to avoid being seen
a disaster that is believed to be a punishment from God
to feel that sth bad might have happened or might happen in the future
very stupid ; not at all sensible
having several dimensions ( = measurements in space )
in one exact place , without moving in any direction
in a way that involves physical violence
one of several levels in an organization or a system
money that you borrow from a bank ; a loan
to smile or look at sb suddenly and quickly
to experience the effects of sb 's actions
no longer married
to sell an article , a photograph , a television programme , etc. to several different newspapers , etc .
not possible or not allowed
showing you do not care or are not anxious about what you are doing
a lot ; very
causing an unpleasant feeling of fear or slight horror
to continue to believe in or be loyal to sth
a military operation in which large numbers of soldiers , etc. attack another country
a long and difficult job or activity that you think people should admire
a mass of hair in tight curls
connected with goods that are bought and sold in large quantities , especially so they can be sold again to make a profit
very impressive and involving rich and successful people
to educate sb in a particular way as they are growing up
a small dried grape , used in cakes , etc .
to lose value or fail suddenly and quickly
a kick , hit or throw of the ball in some sports
to be working or functioning
not human
to arrange knives , forks , plates , etc. on a table ready for a meal
to give a subtitle or subtitles to a book , film / movie , etc .
to make sth full of sth ; to become full of sth
something that is done badly and that causes problems
a person who is employed in a company or industry , especially sb who does physical work rather than organizing things or managing people
feeling sad and ashamed about sth that has been done
to cause or produce sth as a result of effort
speech or writing that continues for a long time without saying much and seems very confused
a mark or unit on a scale of measurement
the origin of a person 's parents and who they are
the ability to understand why people behave in a particular way and the willingness to forgive them when they do sth wrong
the sound that is made by bubbles of gas in a liquid , or a sound similar to this
a course of action that takes place in response to sth that has happened
a substance that is produced by worker bees and that is fed to a young queen bee
a ball that you make out of snow to throw at sb / sth in a game
a new plan for dealing with a particular problem or for achieving a particular purpose
the act of showing sth , for example works of art , to the public
a narrow strip of trees , buildings , etc. along the edge of sth
to give sb baptism
an act of hitting sb / sth hard
disagreeing strongly with sth and trying to stop it
the arrangement of parts in a whole , especially in a work of art or piece of writing
operated by pressing buttons with your fingers
a large number of things falling or coming quickly at the same time
a person with the power or influence to make judgements and decide what will be done or accepted
a long thin part of the body of some creatures , such as squid , used for feeling or holding things , for moving or for getting food
people from a particular country or region , or who have a particular way of life
a special quality , especially one that is essential for success and is difficult to describe
achieving your aims or what was intended
to be the same as sth
to prevent sth / sb from moving or from working normally
to have an unpleasant or annoying effect
the energy from the sun , a lamp , etc. that makes it possible to see things
the quality of being cool
to wait somewhere , especially near sb , in a shy or uncertain manner
the true situation
something that you write or say in reply to a question in a test , an exam , an exercise , etc ; the correct reply to a question in a test , etc .
to fix a label on sth or write information on sth
strong and not easily damaged
used in Britain in the titles of some mayors and some groups of craftsmen
in , at or to that place or position
a piece of wood , rubber , metal , etc. with one thick end and one thin pointed end that you use to keep a door open , to keep two things apart , or to split wood or rock
to meet ; to share the same space
unhappy and full of bad or shocking experiences
to hit or kick a ball at a particular moment in a sports game
something that makes a bad situation easier to deal with
to think or guess that the amount , cost or size of sth is smaller than it really is
a thing that annoys people and that they worry about
the time that will come after the present or the events that will happen then
very large , important , strong or difficult
a process by which sth is cleaned , or protected against sth
used to express disapproval , protest or sympathy
to protect sth / sb from loss , harm or damage ; to keep sth / sb safe
a law which says that people must not go outside after a particular time at night until the morning ; the time after which nobody must go outside
to mix things together ; to be mixed together
a particular method of doing or achieving sth
the lack of skill or ability to do your job or a task as it should be done
the development of businesses by the people of a country rather than by the government
to ask sb to support a particular person , political party , etc , especially by going around an area and talking to people
suggesting an interest in physical pleasure , especially sexual pleasure
to send radio or television signals over long distances using electronic equipment
to join sb for a time , sometimes when you are not welcome or have not been invited
continuing to exist , have influence , etc. for longer than you might expect
to be carrying sth heavy
a strong material made of fibres ( called polyesters ) which are produced by chemical processes , often mixed with other materials and used especially for making clothes
the part of a road nearest the edge , that is used by slower vehicles
to say sth to yourself in a way that shows you are thinking carefully about it
behaving in a moral and honest way
to be very lively
a small shopping centre , sometimes also with offices
to join sb / sth again after leaving them
a person or thing that behaves or works in the way mentioned
smooth and pleasant to touch
an experience that makes you feel sad or depressed
considered separately rather than as part of a group
to spend time riding a horse for pleasure
an unanswerable argument , etc. is one that nobody can question or disagree with
the bottom surface of the foot
all humans , thought about as one large group ; the human race
bad government
used as a form of pr aise
not happening often
to choose sb / sth for a position or an award by voting
to walk slowly with heavy steps , especially because you are tired
showing signs that the future will not be good or successful
to let sb / sth come out of a place where they have been kept or trapped
to become less or smaller ; to make sth become less or smaller
to stop in order to allow sb to leave
by good luck
to keep a person or an animal in a small or closed space
having little or no hair on the head
a thing shaped like a cup
to sit on your heels with your knees bent up in front of you
a person who is staying at a hotel , etc .
to cause sb / sth to go to a particular place
the amount of money that is spent by a government or an organization
a period of time when the level of sth is low , especially a time when a business or the economy is not growing
completely developed ; with all the qualifications necessary for sth
one or more of a number of people or things , especially when it does not matter which
a formal and serious promise , especially a religious one , to do sth
a person with whom sb is having a romantic relationship
the importance and respect that a person has because of their ability and achievements
made or done badly and with not enough care
in or into a vertical position
giving little hope of success ; tried when everything else has failed
the act of officially accusing sb of a crime
used to express the fact that you are surprised or annoyed
used to emphasize that you are talking about a particular thing or person and not about another
a person with ideas that other people find strange
showing that you approve of sb / sth or that you share their views and are willing to support them
the abbreviation for ‘ Bachelor of Education ’ ( a first university degree in education )
to make sb / sth more aware of sth , especially a problem or sth bad
in a way that is large and impressive
the shape , design , etc. of a room or theatre that make it good or bad for carrying sound
used when speaking to or about a girl or woman , especially sb you do not know
the belief that truth is not always and generally valid , but can be judged only in relation to other things , such as your personal situation
to make sth stay in a particular position , especially open or shut , by placing sth against it
in the way that is usual or normal ; most often
data relating to the population and different groups within it
the feeling of sharing things and belonging to a group in the place where you live
a thing that is real and exists
connected with the state , government or public affairs
making you feel embarrassed or uncomfortable
to order sb to come to you
not included in or connected with your group , organization , country , etc .
an act of putting your arms around sb and holding them tightly , especially to show that you like or love them
the gradual development of sth
to make sth harder or more solid
a plan which shows what can be achieved and how it can be achieved
connected with the parts of a country that do not include the capital city
using or filling only a small amount of space
funny or amusing in a slightly crazy way
a person who has a lot of skill and experience
having escaped from somewhere ; free
to protect sth so that it is safe and difficult to attack or damage
a sexual relationship between two people , usually when one or both of them are married to sb else
to move backwards and forwards many times against sth while pressing it , especially causing pain or damage
sudden and very big
a distance down from a high point to a lower point
a straight section of water between two bends on a river
quite large in size or amount
to put sth carefully in a position so that it does not move
to be becoming late
the amount contained in a beaker
very probably ; very likely
an impressive act or way of doing sth
the number or type of people who read a particular newspaper , magazine , etc .
a slight pain
to connect or link sth to sth else
lower than zero
to increase or further improve the good quality , value or status of sb / sth
the state of needing the help and support of sb / sth in order to survive or be successful
the people at a meeting
of or belonging to her
the money that you have to spend in order to start a new project
show or make a connection between two or more things
a state when you have sweat on your face or body but still feel cold , usually because you are very frightened or anxious
being used by sb
costing half the usual price
to kill sb , especially as a legal punishment
to put sb 's name on a waiting list
a particular ability for doing sth
the tops of the legs and buttocks ; the similar parts at the back of the body of an animal that has four legs
attacked violently and injured ; attacked and badly damaged by weapons or by bad weather
highly developed
large numbers or amounts of sth
an area of open land
the general arrangement of the different parts of sth that is made , such as a building , book , machine , etc .
staying with or supporting a particular person , organization or belief
activities done in order to increase the sales of a product or service ; a set of advertisements for a particular product or service
to worry or irritate you continuously
to use a twisting and turning movement , especially to move through a narrow or crowded place
to experience sth , especially a change or sth unpleasant
a room where an artist works
to stay at a steady level after a period of growth or progress
used to say that a particular situation or fact is easy to see or understand
to squeeze sth into a small round shape in your hands
a thing that restricts sb 's freedom or ability to do sth
too ripe
to place a dead body in a grave
a race for cars , motorcycles , etc. over public roads
something that forms a connection between people or groups , such as a feeling of friendship or shared ideas and experiences
a language that sb learns to speak well and that they use for work or at school , but that is not the language they learned first
to become too frightened to do sth
to keep sth to use or enjoy in the future
in a way that cannot be avoided
a woman who behaves in a way that is intended to attract men
a large open section of a building , often with a glass roof
not practical ; not likely to succeed
something that is useful to sb for a particular purpose
to say sth officially or publicly
a time in the past or future that is not a particular day
produced or practised without using artificial chemicals
used to give your opinion of sb 's behaviour
a statement of what is possible according to a particular system , for example the grammar of a language
at or towards the back of sb / sth , and often hidden by it or them
rude and shocking
something you wear to hold an injured or weak part of your body firmly in position
a toilet , or a room with a toilet in it
to make a sharp sound ; to make sth do this
to be badly affected by a disease , pain , sadness , a lack of sth , etc .
very many ; too many to be counted or mentioned
a small bag of tissue that is attached to the large intestine . In humans , the appendix has no clear function .
the fact that you should feel grateful to sb because they have helped you or been kind to you
to leave a place , especially to go somewhere quieter or more private
a pipe or tube carrying liquid , gas , electric or telephone wires , etc .
to hide sth in the ground
typical of what a particular person or thing might do , give , etc .
not correct or exact ; wrong
not genuine , but made to look real to cheat people
the movement of a large amount of money , liquid , people , etc. out of a place
the theatre and the world of acting as a form of entertainment
having a strong and pleasant flavour
used to refer to a fact or situation that is already known or happening
a level of thought , existence or development
to remove all the coal , minerals , etc. from a mine over a period of time
following ; later
to make sb unable to recognize where they are or where they should go
( the reflexive form of they ) used instead of himself or herself to refer to a person whose sex is not mentioned or not known
not interested or enthusiastic
used to say that you are sorry for interrupting sb or behaving in a slightly rude way
the largest in number or amount
a person who drives a vehicle
if sb freaks or if sth freaks them , they react very strongly to sth that makes them suddenly feel shocked , surprised , frightened , etc .
to think carefully about the different possibilities that are available and choose one of them
the true facts about sth , rather than the things that have been invented or guessed
not belonging naturally to sb / sth ; coming from or existing outside sb / sth rather than within them
ornaments and other small decorative objects of little value
a small piece of hard material that can form in the bladder or kidney and cause pain
to feel and show great love for sb , ignoring their faults
to go or to make sth / sb go at a slower speed or be less active
a particular day of the month , sometimes in a particular year , given in numbers and words
to make a signal with your thumb to passing drivers to ask them to stop and take you somewhere
this is the main point
travelling or leading towards the east
a sudden painful blow on a part of the body
to put sth in a particular place , especially when you do it carefully or deliberately
for no particular reason
a country considered as an organized political community controlled by one government
on , to or from the other side of sb / sth
done in regular stages or at regular intervals over a period of time
to search the bottom of a river , lake , etc. with nets or hooks
for which a politician or a person who works for the government can be impeached
to communicate with sb , especially by telephone
to be able to be present at a place
to not speak
to fall over sideways ; to make sth fall over sideways
something written at the end of a letter to introduce some more information or sth that you have forgotten . PS is the abbreviation for ‘ postscript ’ .
a price that is the same for everyone and in all situations
very much
a person who speaks English , especially in countries where English is not the only language that is spoken
trees and plants that grow on an area of land
a report on a subject or on a series of events
an informal way of referring to sb 's boyfriend
to move , or to make sth move , slightly
a thing you say or write that mentions sb / sth else ; the act of mentioning sb / sth
suggesting disaster and unhappiness
not steady ; not straight
a song , film / movie or play that is very popular
a particular interest or influence that is very important in your life
used to say how easy and quick it is to do a particular task
made up of several amounts that are added together to form a total number
a substance that sth exists or grows in or that it travels through
to decide officially , after finding out information about sb , that they can be given special work or allowed to see secret papers
not touching sth ; a distance away from sth
an occasion when a collection of things are brought together for people to look at
a par ty that takes place in sb 's garden / yard at which food is cooked over an open fire
having no effect
( in Britain ) the time before which programmes that are not considered suitable for children may not be shown on television
( especially on maps ) Lake
the activity of making people notice you and your abilities , especially in a way that annoys other people
in addition to sth else but not as important
deserving to be praised or admired , even if not really successful
ideas that many people think are true but that do not exist or are false
to move or go somewhere very fast
to talk in a friendly informal way
disagreeing strongly with sb / sth , especially with the aim of preventing sth from happening
a way of holding an opponent 's arm so that they cannot move
the ability to act and make decisions without being controlled by anyone else
shared by a large number of people
the act of being present at a place , for example at school
to fill sth with food , books , etc .
meta l , especially gold or silver , in the form of very thin sheets
used when saying sth that you would prefer not to have to say , or when politely asking to do sth
to accept responsibility for sth ; to suffer the results of sth
to slope down steeply
to swim underwater wearing breathing equipment , collecting or looking at things
unfriendly
to surround sb / sth completely in a circle
the experience that sb has if they take a powerful drug that affects the mind and makes them imagine things
to arrange for sth to happen at a particular time
having or involving an attitude to sexual relationships that people consider to be immoral
used to emphasize the truth of a statement , especially when this is surprising or when it contrasts with a previous statement
to attack sb violently , causing serious injury
to make sb behave or react in a particular way
a colour or design on which sth is painted , drawn , etc .
a small confined place where you can do sth privately , for example make a telephone call , or vote
the point just before a new situation , period of life , etc. begins
the quality or state of being based on fact
to play much better than your opponent in a game
a flat shallow container for cooking food in or serving it from
a word or phrase that expresses sb 's beliefs or attitudes , or that explains what sb should do in a particular situation
to begin to burn
to become covered with or to form a lot of thin folds or lines , especially in skin , cloth or paper
to survive sth or manage to stay in the same situation , despite difficulties
a large or special meal , especially for a lot of people and to celebrate sth
to explain sth to sb and / or make them experience it for the first time
a fact or an influence that is not known
refusing to change your opinions , way of behaving , etc. when other people try to persuade you to ; behaviour that shows this
a line of objects placed across a road , etc. to stop people from getting past
a tube or passage down which people or things can slide
to correct or improve sth
to become clearer and more definite ; to work well
fairly good ; that there is not reason to be ashamed of
if a word inflects , its ending or spelling changes according to its grammatical function in a sentence ; if a language inflects , it has words that do this
either of the two soft edges at the opening to the mouth
to think or believe that sth will happen or that sb will do sth
the type of welcome that is given to sb / sth
different from what is usual or expected , especially in a way that is worrying , harmful or not wanted
to make a hem on sth
to flow or carry sth / sb in a particular direction
something that is long and narrow in shape
strong and able to survive difficult conditions and bad weather
to divide , or to make a group of people divide , into smaller groups that have very different opinions
a system for sending documents using a fax machine
operated by power from an engine
to admire or love sb very much
a member of the British air force , just below the rank of an officer
an envelope on which you have written your name and address and put a stamp so that sb else can use it to send sth to you
not important to or connected with a situation
to change the place where you live
to make sb calmer or less angry by giving them what they want
that cannot be controlled by reason
to prepare sth by combining two or more different s ubstances
to present sth
a large deer with long antlers ( = horns shaped like branches ) , that lives in cold northern regions
sergeant
not sorted , or not arranged in any particular order
to take the skin off fruit , vegetables , etc .
learned from other people , not from your own experience
printed letters that lean to the right
a thing that belongs to the same group as sth else
used to add information to a statement
made or experienced recently
unhappy because you have no friends or people to talk to
to do a piece of work , perform a duty , put a plan into action , etc .
done or happening as a normal part of a particular job , situation or process
furthest from the inside or centre
having too much decoration or detail
meat from the front part of the body of a bird or an animal
a room in which the meetings of the board of a company ( = the group of people who control it ) are held
to get rid of sth you do not want , especially in a place which is not suitable
to not trust sb / sth ; to not believe sb
in a state of great confusion
not having moral principles or rules
an act of persuading sb to do sth
a guess based on some facts that you know already
very different from sth
to argue or disagree seriously with sb about sth , and to show this in public
to have a bad effect on sb / sth
a large metal or wooden box of a standard size in which goods are packed so that they can easily be lifted onto a ship , train , etc. to be transported
to take sb 's attention away from what they are trying to do
to persuade sb to believe sth or do sth
to support sb / sth
a small insect that lives on the bodies of humans and animals
a particular design or type of product
used for talking about the result of an event that you imagine
to use the Internet
the measurement around sth , especially a person 's waist
impressive ; making you feel respect and admiration
the general position a person or thing comes or develops from
to try to influence sb by threatening them
to give orders , ask questions , etc. in a loud , unfriendly way
to look ugly when put together
to record the details of sth
to join in singing or saying sth
to lie down or fall asleep because you are extremely tired
in that direction
the quality of being brave and determined in a difficult situation
a series of connected metal rings , used for pulling or fastening things ; a length of chain used for a particular purpose
used to refer to a baby , especially one whose sex is not known
to move suddenly and with one quick movement in a particular direction
a statement that says what you think will happen ; the act of making such a statement
a word or phrase from the English language that is used in another language
a ceremony at which degrees , etc. are officially given out
to agree not to break a law , principle , etc .
a person who has complete power in a country and uses it in a cruel and unfair way
special or specific
used to give or talk about a reason
with your eyes fully open because of fear , surprise , etc .
using , producing or resulting from nuclear energy
to believe that sb is responsible for doing or saying sth
to raise itself on its back legs , wi th the front legs in the air
the process of a smaller group , country , etc. becoming part of a larger group or country
an impressive thing that is done or achieved after a lot of work
a mixture of different ideas , events , etc .
never giving up or getting tired of doing sth
to complain about sb / sth in an annoying way
to hit against sth with a lot of force
the money that you pay to travel by plane
well known and talked about by a lot of people
used by or for the use of pedestrians ; connected with pedestrians
a thing that you do to help sb
to put names , numbers , details , etc. in a list , book or computer
a group of people , such as soldiers or police officers , who protect sb / sth
enjoyable , pleasing or attractive
connected with making and selling drugs and medicines
to not do sth
to be full of excitement , activity , etc .
to consider sth as a possible problem that you should be prepared for
if a vehicle crashes or the driver crashes it , it hits an object or another vehicle , causing damage
the shape and size of a book , magazine , etc .
a soft cap , normally made of wool , traditionally a symbol of working men
the cost or process of keeping sth in good condition
connected with or limited by time
a person who uses the services or advice of a professional person or organization
used by industries
to put salt on or in food
something that is done in order to attract people 's attention
the act of moving a sports player from one club or team to another
very great or impressive
in a way that shows a lack of control
so full of water that it cannot hold any more and becomes flooded
caused by or suffering from neurosis
a line that divides sth
to get sth from sb by asking
to keep sb 's attention or interest
a secret organization that resists the authorities , especially in a country that an enemy has control of
to put a harness on a horse or other animal ; to attach a horse or other animal to sth with a harness
to teach sb sth , especially a practical skill
the particular way in which sth is done
to make sth such as the window of a car move downwards by turning a handle , pressing a button , etc .
to have a job
guests or friends
a good opportunity for sb
below other people or things in importance or status
a competition or game in which people try to answer questions to test their knowledge
to hit or kick the ball before it touches the ground
the use that you can get from a vehicle or machine ; the state of being used
that cannot be obtained
not happening at times that are at an equal distance from each other ; not happening regularly
having a low status and therefore not deserving respect
a hope that sth good will happen
to send sth from one place / person to another
when a bell tolls or sb tolls it , it is rung slowly many times , especially as a sign that sb has died
that nobody can disagree with
to express doubt about whether sth is correct or not
showing a critical attitude towards sb
to remove or pull sth quickly and suddenly
measured in a circle
used to encourage sb to continue doing sth
a small insect that lives in highly organized groups . There are many types of ant .
the coins used in a particular place or at a particular time ; coins of a particular type
to make sb / sth seem dull or unimportant by comparison
the hind legs or feet of an animal with four legs are those at the back
small pieces of soft material on the surface of paper or cloth that produce a raised pattern
used when you are stating what the facts of a situation are
to be able to be changed from one form , purpose , or system to another
to do more or better than sb else
to be the most successful in a competition , race , battle , etc .
to separate sth into parts so that it is easier to understand
very comfortable ; containing expensive and enjoyable things
an act of making sure that sth is safe , correct or in good condition by examining it
a fault or weakness in sb / sth
to keep sb / sth inside the limits of a particular activity , subject , area , etc .
to push sb / sth out of your way with your shoulder
not attractive or pleasant
served with ice cream
showing more confidence that sth will be successful than is justified by later events
the United States of America
to help sb to do sth
a very slight difference in meaning , sound , colour or sb 's feelings that is not usually very obvious
a set of ideas that sb believes in and tries to persuade others to accept
cloth and things that are made out of cloth , such as clothes and sheets
having several different functions
that contains acid or has the essential characteristics of an acid ; that has a pH of less than seven
with no stars in the sky
a quick and clever reply , especially to criticism
a device that removes substances that are dirty , harmful or not wanted
a particular level on a scale of measurement
according to principles of good behaviour and what is considered to be right or wrong
to write a letter , etc. usually with a lot of care and thought
unpleasant and unfair ; likely to offend sb or make them jealous
a person or thing that is unusual and is therefore often valuable or interesting
allowing sth ; capable of sth
an animal , a toy , etc. that people believe will bring them good luck , or that represents an organization , etc .
the people or an organization who have the power to make decisions or who have a particular area of responsibility in a country or region
the sense you have that allows you to recognize different foods and drinks when you put them in your mouth
not physically supported
used as a mild swear word , instead of saying damn , to mean ‘ extremely ’ or ‘ very ’
a musical instrument in the form of a round metal plate . It is hit with a stick , or two cymbals are hit against each other .
deserving respect and admiration
a person or thing that you are annoyed with
to use sb 's ideas or words without asking permission or without saying where they come from
a person who is emotional and has a lot of imagination , and who has ideas and hopes that may not be realistic
words that have been written or painted on sth
that cannot be used or made to work ; not practical
to use sth that is stored or kept available
to make sth flat by pushing sth heavy over it
a plan of when you expect or hope particular events to happen
the business of buying and selling goods in large quantities , especially so they can be sold again to make a profit
meat , vegetables , etc. baked in a dish with pastry on the bottom , sides and top
morally wrong or evil
to make use of sth , especially an opportunity or offer
to hold sth tightly , or fasten two things together , with a clamp
causing you pain
in a willing and generous way
to make food , etc. cold in order to keep it fresh or preserve it
used in the Christian calendar to show a particular number of years since the year when Christ was believed to have been born ( from Latin ‘ Anno Domini ’ )
to mark sth on a map , for example the position or course of sth
a short time spent working with an organization such as a hospital , school or part of the armed forces
having or causing a chemical effect
to be located in a pleasant or convenient place
acting or done with no skill
connected with the season of spring
if you bend your arm , leg , etc. or if it bends , you move it so that it is no longer straight
a large number of objects or personal possessions , especially the equipment that you need for a particular activity
a line along which two edges of cloth , etc. are joined or sewn together
to stop existing
to a degree that is fairly good but not very good
the process of illustrating sth
to try to have an effect on a particular group of people
involving low moral standards ; extremely unpleasant or offensive
something that you want to do or achieve very much
a tool for printing the date or a design or mark onto a surface
a situation in which people decide for themselves to do sth rather than being chosen to do it
to suddenly stop standing
to make sth , especially a feeling or belief , go away or disappear
plain and not bright
fully grown or developed
the effect that is produced by the music of a particular singer or group of musicians
a large group of musicians playing jazz or dance music
any tree that produces hard dry fruit called cones . Most conifers are evergreen ( = have leaves that stay on the tree all year ) .
feeling annoyed and impatient because you cannot do or achieve what you want
hot and spicy
the act of sharing or exchanging sth , especially ideas or information
a country that is ruled by a king or a queen
connected with using the hands
the way in which two or more things are connected
to leave a place quickly
to sit on its bottom with its front legs straight
not working as it should
the middle of winter , around December in northern parts of the world , June in southern parts
a difference between two groups of people that separates them from each other
to attract sb or make sb want to do or have sth , even if they know it is wrong
doing an activity in a careful way
a long thin light sword that has two sharp edges
having the object mentioned along an edge or edges , or as a lining
a person or thing that combines well with sb / sth else
used to refer to a way of behaving , especially in politics , that shows that a person is determined to get what they want
to cause sb / sth to be in a particular state or condition
something that covers your face and has another face painted on it
a quick and exaggerated movement that you make when you are angry or want people to notice you
the fact of sb / sth being taken care of by sb who can be trusted
to include sth in a particular group and not consider it separately
clear , like water
to achieve or to make sb / sth achieve a successful position very quickly
criticizing popular beliefs or established customs and ideas
a situation that makes you feel embarrassed or ashamed because you are not treated with respect ; an act that causes these feelings
what you can hear coming from a television , radio , etc , or as part of a film / movie
involving risk , danger or difficulty
to put sb 's name on a roster
to dishonestly add items to bills to obtain more money
the fact of sth happening often
used to ask if you can do sth
an emotion that has an effect on your body ; a slight movement in part of your body
a friend or other person that you work with , especially as soldiers during a war
in a direct line or manner
to suggest an idea or a plan for other people to consider
not good at sth
to walk up and down in a small area many times , especially because you are feeling nervous or angry
a group of twelve of the same thing
a written account of sth that is kept so that it can be looked at and used in the future
a very large and powerful organization
not caring that sth might hurt other people , if there is some advantage for you
a wooden or metal bar placed around sth as a barrier or to provide support
the process or work of keeping financial accounts
to spread from one area of sth to another area
very interested in sth / sb so that you are not paying attention to anything else
less important than other people
not causing sb to feel satisfied and useful
having political opinions or being aware of social issues that are fashionable and left-wing
a part of a city that has its own police station ; the police station in this ar ea
trying deliberately to seem old-fashioned
the fact of not talking much about your abilities or possessions
to become white or whiter ; to make sth white or whiter
read from a script
able to operate or exist without outside help or influence
the quality sth has of being very impressive or surprising to people
in a calm and steady way
to organize and take part in action that needs careful planning , especially as a public protest
the father or mother of your father or mother
that you suspect to be dangerous or illegal
to state publicly tha t you no longer have a particular belief or that you will no longer behave in a particular way
weakness in a person 's character or moral standards
used before sb 's name to show that the speaker does not know the person
a competition or series of tests to find the best players for a sports team or an important event
a large cupboard for hanging clothes in which is either a piece of furniture or ( in British English ) built into the wall
to fix sth so that others copy it or try to achieve it
covering a wide area
to move or travel in a particular direction
to break sth open with explosives
a group of people or an event that attracts a lot of attention
people who are squeamish
too good or too honest to do sth
that has had a lot of physical pressure put on it
used to ask for permission to do sth , or to ask sb in a polite way to do sth
a piece of information that may help to find out the truth or facts about a situation , especially a crime
to choose sb as a candidate in an election or as a representative
that can be recognized
the red colour that spreads over your face when you are embarrassed or ashamed
to make or cause sth to make a short sharp sound
looking as though you are thinking about other things and not paying attention to what is happening around you
used to emphasize that sth has a sharp point or edge
any vehicle that can fly and carry goods or passengers
not permanent ; not done , or doing sth regularly
operated or controlled by hand rather than automatically or using electricity , etc .
attractive in appearance
usual behaviour
a journey by sea , visiting different places , especially as a holiday / vacation
the state of being a slave or prisoner
not having a clear shape
the act of curing sb of an illness or the process of being cured
a man like this as a character in a film / movie about the American West
used in writing as a way of showing the way people sometimes pronounce the word ‘ you ’ or ‘ your ’
to fall
making a lot of noise or likely to cause trouble
having no useful purpose
a piece of paper that shows how much you owe sb for goods or services
used to form the negative of the verbs be , do and have and modal verbs like can or must and often reduced to n 't
a room for waiting in at an airport , etc .
a person who watches and studies sb / sth regularly
of or in lines
to bite sth and shake or pull it
having beautiful natural scenery
to involve sb / yourself in an argument or a difficult situation
the greatest amount possible
having , or seeming to have , no limits
an act of choosing sth
not firm or confident
looking or sounding like a ghost ; full of ghosts
to annoy , worry or upset sb ; to cause sb trouble or pain
looking down
to move forwards lightly and quickly making a little jump with each step
a thing that is typical of or represents a particular group or set
swollen ; containing more water than usual
used to emphasize that what you are saying is obvious and true
an examination of sth , especially a medical one to make sure that you are healthy
a person who moves from their own country to a new country in order to find work or have a better standard of living
a seat for swinging on , hung from above on ropes or chains
to remove a leader or a government from a position of power by force
a person with one Asian parent and one parent who is white or from Europe
large and difficult to move or carry
used to talk about time
a particular branch of the law
unable to make decisions
a scene full of noise and confusion
a part of the body that is not formed correctly
volumen .
a tool with two metal blocks that can be moved together by turning a screw . The vice is used to hold an object firmly while work is done on it .
done or controlled by one woman only
recently born
a meal of milk for a young baby ; a meal for an animal
a decision that you make or an opinion that you give about sth , after you have tested it or considered it carefully
careful about paying attention to every detail
having high status or a lot of influence
a calm state of mind which means that you do not become angry or upset , especially in difficult situations
the woman that a man is married to ; a married woman
to use one cost , payment or situation in order to cancel or reduce the effect of another
if your voice , fac e , etc. hardens , or you harden it , it becomes more serious or severe
located above sth else , especially sth of the same type or the other of a pair
in the most suitable or appropriate way
the main street of a town , where most shops / stores , banks , etc. are
used to show the occasion when sth happens
to look at sb / sth
to refuse to have or do sth because you are too proud
a small quiet place or corner that is sheltered or hidden from other people
the work and examinations in the final year of school
having a clean appearance and clean surroundings
a deep feeling of sadness that lasts for a long time and often cannot be explained
to join an organization , especially in order to have a career in it
a drawing or diagram of sth as it would look if it were cut from top to bottom or from one side to the other
used to give more information about sb
to use machines and computers instead of people to do a job or task
of various different sorts
being carried by sb ; in the possession of sb
a situation when people do not have much money to spend because there are bad economic conditions
a judgement about how useful or important sth is ; its estimated importance
in a leading position or in control
a position from which you watch sth ; a point in time or a situation from which you consider sth , especially the past
sounding loud and rough
having or made of two things or parts that are equal or similar
to sing or say sth all together
a metal tool with handles , used for holding things firmly and twisting and cutting wire
a very well-known and successful person or thing
to tell sb to do sth
made or formed in a very careful and detailed way
related t o or belonging to a Protestant political group which believes that Northern Ireland should remain part of the UK
a member of sth ; a person or thing that , together with others , makes up a single unit
the final stage of sth when it becomes weaker or less important than it was
safe and well
the ability to think about or understand sth clearly
an examination of a machine or system , including doing repairs on it or making changes to it
the abbreviation for ‘ compact disc read-only memory ’ ( a CD on which large amounts of information , sound and pictures can be stored , for use on a computer )
to smell very strongly of sth unpleasant
willing to listen to and think about new ideas
to make sb join the armed forces
made of a substance produced by chemical processes from a type of acid
practical ; working well
to look hard at sb in an offensive way , usually showing sexual interest
the process of changing or improving the condition of sth or the way it works ; the process of putting sth back into the state it was in before
the power to mak e decisions about how a country , an area , an organization , etc. is run
the activity of swimming underwater using special breathing equipment
to confuse sb so that they do not know what to say or do
a sum of money that is sent to sb in order to pay for sth
not used for growing crops , especially so that the quality of the land will improve
to put sth somewhere quickly , quietly or secretly
large in amount , value or importance
to form or cover the top of sth
something that you feel through the mind or through the senses
to control sth ; to stop sth from increasing or getting worse
helping the official army of a country
a judgement of the value , performance or nature of sb / sth
to pull or remove sth or small pieces of sth from sth else , especially with your fingers
the act of adding sth to sth else in order to make it stronger or more successful
an attempt by some of the people in a country to change their government , using violence
to understand that sth is true
not related to reality
to live in an area and form its population
a man
decorated with glass that is cut to look like diamonds
grown on a farm , etc. in order to be sold
cheap , badly made and / or lacking in taste
to repeat what sb has said or written in a way that is not correct
to move from one place to another or from one subject to another very quickly
a part of a particular area , especially an area under military control
to run and jump in a lively and happy way
if a person 's eyes glint with a particular emotion , or an emotion glints in a person 's eyes , the person shows that emotion , which is usually a strong one
nuclear weapons ( atomic or hydrogen bombs )
not strong or extreme
a person who introduces the different sections of a radio or television programme
not caring about the possible effects of your words or actions on other people
not highly or fully developed
connected with the people who originally lived in a country before other people , especially white people , came there
a hot sweet dish , often like a cake , made from flour , fat and eggs with fruit , jam , etc. in or on it
to push sb underwater and hold them there for a short time
saying unpleasant and unkind things about other people
darkness in a place or on sth , especially so that you cannot easily see who or what is there
a social event or official ceremony
to agree to change your mind or give up some of your demands
a single thin piece of thread , wire , hair , etc .
anxious and / or angry about sth
used to describe the most important members of a group
greater or better than normal in quantity or quality , size or degree
to come together in order to work or act together ; to put two things or groups together so that they work or act together
a person or group that is considered suitable for sth or that is likely to get sth or to be sth
strong or angry words ; exciting actions
a movement with the foot or the leg , usually to hit sth with the foot
an unfair judgement on sth or sb
a person who is sent to follow sb secretly and find out information about where that person goes , what they do , etc .
showing sb 's ability to take decisions and act with force
to destroy sth by an explosion
people , animals or things that have already been mentioned or are easily identified
to achieve sth that you have been trying to do or get ; to have the result or effect that was intended
connected with marriage or with being married
to come together , or bring people , especially soldiers , together for example for military action
the way in which you spend your time , especially when you are not working
a smooth brown nut of a chestnut tree , some types of which can be eaten
a stage in a sports competition
to clean and decorate a room , building , etc. in order to make it more attractive , more useful , etc .
to put sth in a particular order ; to make sth neat or attractive
well
a group of plants or animals that live together or grow in the same place
a large deep pan used for frying food in
that can be sold and turned into money
not based on all the facts , and therefore not correct
not large in size , number , degree , amount , etc .
having a sharp end
saying exactly what you think , even if this shocks or offends people
to sell all or part of an industry , a company or land
the extreme edge or limit of a place
a journey made by a group of people , often students , to study sth in its natural environment
to hit sb / sth hard
a change of sth so that it is the opposite of what it was
a thing that limits the amount of freedom you have
honours ( used after the name of a university degree )
an extreme example of a particular quality
a group of people , animals or things close together
to shake slightly because you are cold , frightened , excited , etc .
the forming of an opinion or idea that is not based on definite knowledge
long rubber boots that reach up to your thigh , that you wear for standing in water , especially when fishing
used especially in shops / stores to describe clothes for a particular purpose or occasion
a name that describes a job
to be slow to do or accept sth because you are surprised or shocked by it
to be good at sth
now ; as soon as this
to say that you hope that sb will be happy , lucky , etc .
used to describe a number that is 100 000 or more
used to show the sound of sth loud , like a gun
a subject that sb feels strongly about and likes to talk about
to destroy , damage , injure or kill sb / sth by fire ; to be destroyed , etc. by fire
freedom to do or say whatever you want , often sth bad or unacceptable
the act of making a punishment less severe
having a lot of money
a large musical instrument played by pressing the black and white keys on the keyboard . The sound is produced by small hammers hitting the metal strings inside the piano .
to become weaker or fewer
rented to sb on the condition that they work for the owner
a liquid , cream , etc. that has a pleasant smell and is used to make wounds less painful or skin softer
to choose not to use a vote , either in favour of or against sth
to become brown ; to make sth brown
to print a letter , an article , etc. in a newspaper or magazine
in a pleasant way
time , knowledge , ideas , etc. that you put into work , a project , etc. in order to make it succeed ; the act of putting sth in
that makes you think it is true
a serious infectious disease that causes fever , red spots on the chest and severe pain in the bowels , and sometimes causes death
a person who looks at or considers sth
born to parents who are not married
having a round shape
metal , plastic , etc. in the shape of a tube
100th
to show that you are able to deal with an unexpected situation , problem , etc .
a person who is thought to continue the work or a tradition started by sb else
made to feel or look silly and embarrassed
the ability to decide and act on your own without waiting for sb to tell you what to do
to be placed on sth in order to make it look more attractive
to send armed forces to an area
used in names of roads , especially in towns
to express a feeling in a much stronger way than is necessary
steadily and continuously
tasting of or containing nuts
to be sounded as a signal or warning
on the side of a vehicle that is furthest from the edge of the road
very thirsty
the ability to say or write things that are both clever and amusing
towards the end of a period of time
a long , narrow , usually vertical passage in a building or underground , used especially for a lift / elevator or as a way of allowing air in or out
happiness
the desire to do or have sth that you know is bad or wrong
a politician or government whose period of office will soon end and who will not be elected again
to criticize or blame sb because they have done sth wrong
existing or happening now
to give a story or article a particular headline
to become rough ; to make sth rough
to find sb / sth that was hidden or that you did not expect to find
a machine for printing books , newspapers , etc ; the process of printing them
to bend low and / or move backwards because you are frightened
an act of renting a home , etc .
if muscles , etc. knot or sth knots them , they become hard and painful because of fear , excitement , etc .
direct and having a strong effect
a strong desire to do things and achieve sth ; great energy
to change the time or date of an event so that it takes place earlier
very dark , and therefore frightening
movement nearer to sb / sth in distance or time
if a town , country , etc. produces sb with a particular skill or quality , the person comes from that town , country , etc .
a thing or an event that brings great pleasure
used before an adjective or adverb to ask about the amount , degree , etc. of sth , or about sb 's age
causing , or connected with , an increase in the price of shares
especially attractive and exciting , and different from ordinary things or people
to succeed ; to have an advantage
the abbreviation for ‘ Master of Arts ’ ( a second university degree in an arts subject , or , in Scotland , a first university degree in an arts subject )
land outside towns and cities , with fields , woods , etc .
clothes , especially a particular type of clothes
a strong desire to have or do sth
a position in which people are not paying attention to sb / sth or not as much attention as they are paying to sb / sth else
not particularly good or bad ; average
an ability to recognize and copy sounds well
a bomb or a shot that nearly hits what it is aimed at but misses it
knowing or realizing sth
visiting every house in a particular area
a type of insurance in which money is paid out when sb dies or after an agreed period of time
to start sth , such as an organization or an institution , especially by providing money
towards , onto or on land , having come from an area of water such as the sea or a river
made to look exactly like sth in order to trick people into thinking that they are getting the real thing
a person who continues to live , especially despite being nearly killed or experiencing great danger or difficulty
to rise to the surface of sth and start to flow
to give sth to sb or make it available for them to use
the lack of ability to control the bladder and bowels
quickly and without looking where you are going
used to give a reason or an excuse for doing sth , often when what you are doing is wrong
extremely tall or high and therefore impressive
to prevent sb from having an important part in sth that other people are doing
a particular way of achieving sth
something that decides or limits the way in which sth can be done
to walk in a slow relaxed way
a situation in which sb refuses to talk about sth or to answer questions
a thing that makes you happy or satisfied
material made of threads of plastic rope or wire that are twisted together like a net
the effect that one substance or chemical has on another
a blue or greenish-blue semi-precious stone
typical of past fashions or times
if two people are suited or well suited , they are likely to make a good couple
intended to be bought , used and then replaced
a person , an animal or a thing that is thought to be the best or most important of a particular type
to come off in strips or small pieces
a strong effort to defend yourself or your opinion about sth
to make sure that you have enough of sth for a particular purpose
in the direction of or towards sb / sth
to tell sb in authority about sth wrong that sb else has done
unable to think clearly or to understand what is happening or what sb is saying
to walk in a line of people , one after the other , in a particular direction
travelling around a place
to walk somewhere
to change a banknote for coins
a strong feeling that sth / sb exists or is true ; confidence that sth / sb is good or right
showing the whole of the front of a person 's body
a person or company that is involved in a particular organization , project , system , etc , especially because they have invested money in it
to give sth a particular shape
to consider or study an idea , a subject , etc. very carefully
to surprise or shock sb ; to make sb unable to think clearly
to put sth deeply into sth else
if your nerves jangle , or if sb / sth jangles them , you feel anxious or upset
to take part in a sport , an activity , etc. but not very seriously
without being seriously considered
to think about sth carefully , especially in order to make a decision
to give sb wrong information about sth
not too brightly coloured or decorated
very bad or unpleasant
intelligent ; good at sth
a short piece of wood , metal or plastic used for holding things together , hanging things on , marking a position , etc .
the act of thinking carefully about sth
in a good situation
qualities that exist and can be developed
to fall suddenly and in a dramatic way
a person who suffers , especially sb who is suffering from a disease
to contain sth and allow it to develop
where not many people go ; a long way from where people live
something that you use or do for a short time while you are looking for sth better
to cut off sb 's arm , leg , finger or toe in a medical operation
having an outline , an edge or a surface that is not straight or even
to let sb / yourself find out about sth again or get used to sth again
used to describe the way in which a person cares for their clothes and hair
a famous painter who lived in the past
to say at the beginning of a book , a piece of music or a performance that you are doing it for sb , as a way of thanking them or showing respect
as high as a person 's shoulders
a proposal or report on a particular subject for a person , an organization , a committee , etc .
a sound heard on a telephone line
a feeling of being happy with your own character and abilities
to stop yourself from feeling an emotion or doing sth that you would like to do
burnt and black
to happen at the same time or to move at the same speed as sth ; to make sth do this
very excited and pleased
to start to exist and develop ; to make sth start to exist and develop
the process of becoming smaller
a person who is trying to be elected or is applying for a job
to fit closely together
part of a piece of clothing that is made to open and close so that it can be put on easily
to touch sth lightly
one of the long thin parts on the bottom of a table , chair , etc. that support it
the set of technical words or expressions used in a particular subject
busy with sth ; doing sth
cheerful ; happy or excited
the expected event is just going to happen
the part or side of sth that faces forward ; the side of sth that you look at first
peaceful and beautiful ; perfect , without problems
to become more successful , important , powerful , etc .
hard , shiny and transparent like glass
having a lot of experience of a particular activity
to return to old-fashioned methods or ideas
to discover or say the exact position , time , etc. of sth
something that causes trouble and makes people unhappy
a piece of paper , plastic , etc. that is wrapped around sth , especially food , when you buy it in order to protect it and keep it clean
to make a legal agreement to work for sb or provide them with a service
not having enough of sth
not having a physical form
to influence sth or cause it to make progress
something that is impressive or noticeable because it is unusual or extreme
a wound caused by sth sharp
an area that is lower than the surface around it , especially on the ground
expressing an order
to give or to provide sth , especially in a formal way
to go away in different directions
intended to be bright and attractive but cheap and of low quality
a large ring of plastic , wood or iron
to pull sth so that it is smooth and tight
without the ability to achieve much ; weak ; not achieving what you want to
connected with a passage , tube , etc. in your body t hat has become blocked
to put a bone out of its normal position in a joint
speaking or using several different languages
a person who suffers from hypochondria
spoken slowly and with a lot of mistakes ; not fluent
to attract the interest or support of sb / sth
connected with the muscles
a change in the way a person behaves or thinks
the state of being a person rather than a god , an animal or a machine
to find out and record sth ; to write sth down
not caring about other people 's feelings or suffering
to make sth , especially food or drink , by mixing different things
used to emphasi ze how large sth is
expressed in many words and spoken quickly
the abbreviation for ‘ Multimedia Messaging Service ’ ( a system for sending colour pictures and sounds as well as short written messages from one mobile / cell phone to another )
to come together socially after you have arranged it
not good and likely to cause problems or make sth more difficult
if two words , syllables , etc. rhyme , or if one rhymes with the other , they have or end with the same sound
an official statement about sth important
a thing that belongs to the same type or group as sth else
a small amount of a liquid , cream or powder that is put on a surface in a quick gentle movement
people who have enough money and possessions
of many different kinds ; having great variety
to make sb / sth seem less important , or successful
thick liquid medicine that you take for a sore throat or a cough
to have and use power , authority , etc .
a letter , for example to your employers , to say that you are giving up your job or position
any form of written material
the skill of an artist
not caring about people 's feelings
an event , a competition , etc. that belongs to sb is one in which they are the most successful or popular
it is right or necessary for sb to do sth
a person or thing that is between two categories , classes or age groups
to make sb interested in sth
a statue of a famous person , a saint or a god
to do sth that may mean that you get into a situation which is unpleasant for you
the number of deaths every year for every 1 000 people in the population of a place
a red colour that appears on your face or body because you are embarrassed , excited or hot
to give advice , information , etc. to sb / sth
something that you imagine ; your imagination
the expression that you have on your face when you are happy , amused , etc. in which the corners of your mouth turn upwards
to deal badly with a problem or situation
to put people or things into groups of two
in which two people or groups face each other directly in order to decide the result of a disagreement or competition
people say snap ! to show that they are surprised when two things are the same
equipment for playing recorded music that produces high-quality stereo sound
an act of hitting or trying to hit sb / sth by swinging your arm or sth that you are holding
the number of people that visit a particular shop / store , shopping centre , etc. over a period of time
not enough ; not good enough
past
intended to be amusing or easily enjoyable rather than too serious
used to get sb 's attention before changing the subject or asking them to do sth
to move , or make sth move , gently through the air
all the peers ( 2 ) as a group
used to limit or make what you have just said less definite
included as part of sth , rather than supplied separately
not giving any reason to have hope ; not good
any of the different ways in which a set of things can be ordered
death
the process of recording sounds onto tapes , CDs , DVDs , etc .
to give special care or attention to sb / sth
the act of investing money in sth
to make sth become stronger or harder
things with a sharp edge or point , such as needles and syringes
the act of telling sb that sth is good or useful or that sb would be suitable for a particular job , etc .
a planet like the earth
used for emphasis instead of a or an
that has existed for longer than people can remember
the time now
a path , road , etc. that leads to a place
the quality that makes you continue trying to do sth even when this is difficult
being an essential part of sth
affecting or concerned with only a small number of people or things from a larger group
too painful , annoying or unpleasant to deal with or accept
at the highest level of achievement that students can reach when they finish their studies at college
very old-fashioned and not wanting any change
honest , polite behaviour that follows accepted moral standards and shows respect for others
critical in a bitter or sarcastic way
used to emphasize we or us ; sometimes used instead of these words
a very small drop or ball of a liquid or of a solid that has been melted
an amount of tea made at one time
used to introduce the word that people usually use to describe sth
a person 's knowledge and use of a language
used before adjectives and adverbs to say that sth is more than is good , necessary , possible , etc .
to say what punishment sb should have
a fence made of vertical metal bars ; one of these bars
suggested without being directly expressed
the action of starting to burn or of making sth burn
to make a copy of music , a film / movie , etc. by storing it on tape or a disc so that you can listen to or watch it again
to finish sth
to make an animal or a vehicle compete in a race
a period of 12 months connected with a particular activity
covering all or most of your legs or arms
a sudden increase in the amount or number of sth ; a large amount of sth
that looks or feels hard and tough like leather
to be with sb and help them
an open-plan building or area does not have inside walls dividing it up into rooms
the part of the body under the arm where it joins the shoulder
the quality of radio and television signals that are broadcast
across the land ; by land , not by sea or by air
before the time that is expected ; before sth happens
to rub a surface with a rasp or with sth rough that works or feels like a rasp
a person or thing that gives people a feeling of pleasure or satisfaction
a member of a race of people once living in NW Germany , some of whom settled in Britain in the 5th and 6th centuries
a long piece of wood , metal , etc. used to support weight , especially as part of the roof in a building
to control or influence sb / sth or how sth happens , functions , etc .
intended for adults only , because it is about sex or contains violence
a hard fight in which people try to obtain or achieve sth , especially sth that sb else does not want them to have
the gradual development of plants , animals , etc. over many years as they adapt to changes in their environment
to become or make sth warmer , especially food , so that it is no longer frozen
extreme in a way that has a sudden , serious or violent effect on sth
used to admit that a particular fact or statement is correct , although you think that sth else is more important
at a particular point on or beside sth long
to use violence to try to hurt or kill sb
all the plants , animals and things that exist in the universe that are not made by people
to carry or drag sth heavy with a lot of effort
to decorate sb / sth with sth
of women ; typical of women ; affecting women
to order or command sth ; to decide sth in advance
used to say that sb / sth is the best and you would not choose any other
a young person or a child
not letting a particular substance , especially water , pass through it
that people find very powerful and attractive
to throw sb / sth with force
the fact of doing sth together or of working together towards a shared aim
pale and tired
from the beginning to the end of an activity , a situation or a period of time
at the greatest distance in space , direction or time
not showing or having any record of doing sth that is against the law
a piece of music for four musicians or singers
large companies that have a lot of power , considered as a group
to be enough for sb to use , especially for a particular period of time
to block or fill a passage , space , etc. so that movement is difficult
connected with a service that a country provides , such as banks or tourism , rather than goods
a partner in sex
if you burn a fuel , or a fuel burns , it produces heat , light or energy
to make your opinion known officially or publicly
the state of not being able to understand sb / sth
the act of refusing to obey the orders of sb in authority , especially by soldiers or sailors
a street that has many shops , stores , restaurants , etc. along it
having the same feelings and emotions as most ordinary people
a building that is meant to be more beautiful than useful , built as a shelter in a park or used for concerts and dances
completely correct ; exact and accurate
to dig holes in the ground in order to find and obtain coal , diamonds , etc .
air that is difficult to see through because it contains very small drops of water , especially caused by hot weather
the way things are done or organized
the fact of people doing practical work or study , rather than working in a library or laboratory
used to express interest in or surprise at what sb is saying
the act of committing a serious crime such as murder or rape ; a crime of this type
a person who has killed sb deliberately and illegally
( used especially about people in the past ) a person who has done sth illegal and is hiding to avoid being caught ; a person who is not protected by the law
practical and confident ; showing a desire to get things done quickly
a large male bird with long blue and green tail feathers that it can spread out like a fan
calm and reasonable ; not easily upset
to cancel an event ; to stop showing an advertisement , etc .
the extreme edge of land , for example at the top of a cliff or by a river
a type of material that is made of string , thread or wire twisted or tied together , with small spaces in between
a medical operation in which a damaged organ , etc. is replaced with one from another person
warm underpants with long legs down to the ankles
to behave badly towards sb or try to get sth from them , even though you know this will make them angry
a person or company that makes costumes or has costumes to hire , especially for the theatre
a report in a newspaper , magazine or news broadcast
to avoid giving a direct answer to a question or promising to support a particular idea , etc .
in or towards the north
a large piece of meat that is cooked whole in the oven
very seriously ; completely
to provide sb with sth
the total amount of crops , profits , etc. that are produced
a period of time that you rent a house , land , etc. for
to prepare for an exam by looking again at work that you have done
to press a button or switch in order to turn a machine , etc. on or off
produced automatically , without any serious thought
a reason or set of reasons that sb uses to show that sth is true or correct
to put sth firmly in a place so that it will not move
at a lower level or rate
lucky ; successful
to show that you are excited about sth and want it to happen soon
new information about sth that has happened recently
used to say that sth is obvious or exactly as you would expect
physically weak and thin
the action of surrounding or closing a place , especially a port , in order to stop people or goods from coming in or out
to become too big to fit into a piece of clothing
a flat piece of wood , metal or plastic with raised edges , used for carrying or holding things , especially food
( in the US ) relating to the fact that the police must tell sb who has been arrested about their rights , including the right not to answer questions , and warn them that anything they say may be used as evidence against them
to be a complete failure
to make sth suitable for use as a weapon
behaving in a clever way , and using indirect methods , in order to achieve sth
to move your hand , or sth such as a cloth , backwards and forwards over a surface while pressing firmly
the quality of being exciting , interesting and enjoyable
to breathe quickly and deeply , because you need more air
a way of communicating information , etc. to people
relati ng to the original people , animals , etc. of a place and to a period of time before Europeans arrived
the season of summer
the time when people in offices are normally working
a person who visits a person or place
large and fat ; with a lot of flesh
unpleasant because i t involves activities that are dishonest or immoral
made specially , according to the needs of an individual customer
( in Britain and some other countries ) a police officer of the lowest rank
to make sb nervous or upset and unable to relax
a skill that you need in a particular job or for a particu lar task
bad-tempered or easily upset , especially by small things
each of the flat parts at the sides of the head , at the same level as the eyes and higher
the world of organized and violent crime
the mental , emotional or physical condition that a person or thing is in
with a lot of mist
not wanting to spend time with other people
to do sth , ask sth or say sth that sb is not expecting
official permission to do sth
loose trousers / pants tied at the waist and worn by men or women in some Asian countries
young animals of a particular type or that belong to a particular mother
used with an adjective to describe sb in a particular way
to empty a cup or glass by drinking everything in it
a large animal kept on farms to produce milk or beef
a small black , red or white berry that grows in bunches on bushes
a particular person 's learning activities , for example at a college or university
if a motor or an engine cuts in , it starts working
a period of time worked by a group of workers who start work as another group finishes
different from sth
not new ; owned by sb else before
used to say that a particular situation or state will always exist
to do several things at the same time
if sth happens several times in a row , it happens in exactly the same way each time , and nothing different happens in the time between
a small soft green fruit that is a type of plum
to want to do sth very much
a private room where sb can go and not be disturbed
a legal written agreement or promise
a piece of equipment for forming and looking at spectra
carefully taken care of and controlled
a building that is added to , or is near , a larger one and that provides extra living or work space
connected with holograms
used with adjectives and adverbs to mean ‘ much ’
happening or moving gradually and not easily noticed
to walk with difficulty , especially because your feet or legs hurt
an act of raising sth / sb to a high position or rank
an act of slamming sth ; the noise of sth being slammed
the shining quality of a surface
to insure sth , especially against sb 's death
to increase your desire for or interest in sth
to tell the police , etc. about where a criminal is or about a crime
in or on all or most parts of sth
good ; of the right standar d
an object , a person or a place that people aim at when attacking
to show a film / movie , play , etc. for longer than planned
the amount of space that an object or a substance fills ; the amount of space that a container has
to make a sound like a long ‘ s ’
a piece of clothing worn on the upper part of the body
a word that adds more information about place , time , manner , cause or degree to a verb , an adjective , a phrase or another adverb
unusually complicated , often in an unnecessary way ; intended to impress other people
to make a loud high unpleasant sound ; to say sth using this sound
a person who fights for , or speaks in support of , a group of people or a belief
not present
no longer living with your husband or wife
any whatever
death caused by accident , rather than as a result of a crime
the power believed to control events
not based on facts or reason
to use different parts of your time , energy , etc. for different activities , etc .
an animal or plant that eats a particular thing or eats in a particular way
closely connected to or controlled by a group or an organization
to think sth or have an opinion about sth
a long time , especially a period of several months
the place where sb , especially a soldier , does their job
a special chance to see or admire sth
a large amount of a drink that you take into your mouth
a long low sound
used when showing that sth is or was possible
the time when a woman gives birth to a baby
the type of work of a theatre company in which different plays are performed for short periods of time
a large hole in the side of a hill or under the ground
to stretch out your finger or sth held in your hand towards sb / sth in order to show sb where a person or thing is
to try to do , get or achieve sth
to mention or use a law , rule , etc. as a reason for doing sth
having little experience of the world , especially of sexual matters , or of evil or unpleasant things
the hard substance that is formed when cement becomes dry and hard
the things that sb has available to help them achieve sth
a mental state in which your thoughts , feelings , etc. are not clear
to keep changing from one situation , opinion , emotion , etc. to another and back again
an act of going into or getting into a place
very impressive ; done with a lot of energy
the last drops of a liquid , mixed with little pieces of solid material that are left in the bottom of a container
a person who has been trained in medical science , whose job is to treat people who are ill / sick or injured
to move slowly from looking at one thing to looking at another thing or in other directions
an unusual or surprising sight or situation that attracts a lot of attention
pleasure that you have when you recognize and enjoy the good qualities of sb / sth
connected with emotions and attitudes
a period of physical exercise that you do to keep fit
not having many customers or sales ; not busy
very fixed and strong ; difficult to change or to destroy
exciting and enjoyable
a person who supports and admires a particular person or set of ideas
the act of giving a document , proposal , etc. to sb in authority so that they can study or consider it ; the document , etc. that you give
a situation , an event , etc. that makes it difficult for you to do or achieve sth
a group of lines that an actor speaks in a play in the theatre
instructions about how to do sth , where to go , etc .
to demand or ask for sth because you believe it is your legal right to own or to have it
a right that sb believes they have to sth , especially property , land , etc .
one of the five small parts that stick out from the foot
used when you are replying to sb who has said sth that you think is stupid
to make sb feel very excited about sth or interested in sth
a sudden feeling of a strong emotion
to clean your skin or a wound
to ask for a seat , table , room , etc. to be available for you or sb else at a future time
a thing that sb does particularly well
frightening in a way which makes a person feel less confident
the strength of a colour
a person who is always unhappy and complaining
a short period during which sth different happens from what is happening the rest of the time
a short jumping or dancing movement
looking or feeling embarrassed because you have done sth silly or wrong
existence
to not pass a test or an exam ; to not be successful in completing a period of study at a school , university , etc .
to improve a system , an organization , a law , etc. by making changes to it
the abbreviation for ‘ Portable Document Format ’ ( a type of computer file that can contain words or pictures . It can be read using any system , can be sent from one computer to another , and will look the same on any computer . )
a lot of noisy exciting activity that is intended to attract people 's attention
to advertise and offer a product for sale ; to present sth in a particular way a nd make people want to buy it
the power not to be affected by sth
to be the most important or noticeable feature of sth
the posts and rail which you can hold for support when going up or down stairs
to take stone , etc. out of a quarry
complete power to govern a country
to follow the shape or outline of sth
a pleasing combination of related things
to free sb from a duty , responsibility , contract , etc .
a book that teaches a particular subject and that is used especially in schools and colleges
to help sb to move in a particular direction ; to move sth in a particular direction
a large amount of sth produced in a short time
of , on or facing the outer si de
not showing a sympathetic understanding of the feelings of other people
to cut open sb 's body in order to remove a part that has a disease or to repair a part that is damaged
towards the top of a hill or slope
one of ten equal groups into which a collection of things or people can be divided according to the distribution of a particular variable
to ask for sth or ask sb to do sth in a polite or formal way
to move slowly and with difficulty
not very great
to avoid doing sth , especially in a dishonest way
north ; northern
a person or thing that is considered an excellent example of sth
ne ar the end of a period of time , a person 's life , etc .
to make sb / sth confused or less clear
to be enough to buy or pay for sth
not pleasant to taste
behaviour that involves not being loyal to sb who trusts you ; an example of this
the act of suppressing sth
without deep affection
a line in the skin , especially on the face
to have sex with sb
a small area of bright colour or light that contrasts with the colours around it
if you know sth deep down , you know your true feelings about sth , although you may not admit them to yourself
a woman who is not married , especially an older woman who is not likely to marry
used with negatives , especially ‘ can 't ’ and ‘ couldn 't ’ , to say strongly that you cannot do sth or that sth cannot or could not happen or be done
the type or amount of reports that newspapers write about sb / sth
a person who gives blood or a part of his or her body to be used by doctors in medical treatment
to stop yourself / sb / sth from moving , shaking or falling ; to stop moving , shaking or falling
used to show the result of sth
showing that sb is nervous or embarrassed about meeting and speaking to other people
the form of a noun , a pronoun or an adjective when it is the direct object of a verb , or connected with the direct object
( not ) to get a chance to take part or succeed in sth
to make a short explosive sound ; to cause sth to make this sound
the act of cutting sth to make it shorter
to direct or influence sb 's behaviour
to give sth to sb , especially to show how much they are respected
to talk quickly so that people cannot hear you clearly or understand you
the action of blowing
an occasion when an organized group of people dig in the ground to discover old buildings or objects , in order to find out more about their history
feelings of hatred and a desire to hurt other people , especially because you think that sb has done sth unfair to you
not allowed by a particular set of rules or by law
a match / game , or a series of them , between two players or teams with equal points or scores to decide who the winner is
to travel between two places frequently
relating to the brain
a race or sports competition
a sudden short feeling of pain
an act of trying to kill or injure the enemy in war , using weapons such as guns and bombs
used to describe a computer system or product that is no longer available to buy but is still used because it would be too difficult or expensive to replace it
to divide sth into parts
something that you are trying to achieve
used to represent a person , for example in an imagined situation or to hide their identity
to find sth that you want or need
only a short time ago
an area of land used for a special purpose or business
to fail
separate and individual
the state of human existence
kind and sympathetic ; easily affected by other people 's suffering
giving attention or thought to what you are doing so that you avoid hurting yourself , damaging sth or doing sth wrong
( used in written addresses ) Road
a wife or sexual partner
a hand when it is tightly closed with the fingers bent into the palm
the things or ideas that sb wishes to communicate to you by what they say or do
coloured paint containing oil used by artists
travelling or involving travel between places that are far apart
slightly wet
to succeed in making sth happen despite difficulties
the ropes or chains keeping sb prisoner ; anything that stops you from being free to do what you want
if there is a scarcity of sth , there is not enough of it and it is difficult to obtain it
if power or authority is devolved , it has been passed to sb who has less power
to spray very small drops of liquid on sth quickly
having a strong desire to know about sth
a very good , kind or patient person
to make sth loose
won by only a small amount or distance
to find sth by smelling
already provided for you so you do not need to produce or think about it yourself
used to describe a person or thing that takes the place of , or is used instead of , sb / sth else
something that is produced by a country and is important f or its economy
used before a person 's name to express polite disagreement with what they have said
used to show you are angry that another person thinks sth is very important
long narrow pieces of cloth , leather , etc. for holding trousers / pants up . They are fastened to the top of the trousers / pants at the front and back and passed over the shoulders .
the period of time that it takes for sth to happen or be completed
a point , especially in an electrical system , where two parts connect
to stop moving suddenly because of fear , etc .
a word or phrase that is used to describe sb / sth in a way that seems too general , unfair or not correct
to put on different or clean clothes
comfortable
the act of becoming more important , successful , powerful , etc .
the process of making or defending a claim in court
a unit for measuring weight , equal to 1 000 kilograms
a hard cover for holding sheets of paper , magazines , etc. together
the part of a plant that grows under the ground and absorbs water and minerals that i t sends to the rest of the plant
one of a number of payments that are made regularly over a period of time until sth has been paid for
to come suddenly into your mind
to become ill / sick
an angry argument or disagreement between people , often about a personal matter
a large difference between two people or groups in the way that they think , live or feel
a tall forest tree with smooth grey bark , shiny leaves and small nuts
to invent music , the words in a play , a statement , etc. while you are playing or speaking , instead of planning it in advance
to commit a crime or crimes
the act of choosing not to be involved in an agreement
having a husband or wife
of or like a dog
the act of beginning to understand or feel sth ; the act of sth starting or waking
an official whose job is to check that sth is accurate , of good quality , etc .
a person who watches sb / sth
to tell a lot of people about sth
the style in which the inside of a building is decorated
knowing about current fashions and ideas
showing that you are thinking about the past , especially in a way that causes you pleasure
the firing of a gun ; the sound of it being fired
a person who performs for an audience in a show , concert , etc .
English language or literature as a subject of study
enjoying taking risks , especially in business
at home or at a place of work
not in the library ; borrowed by sb else
able to be visited without arranging a fixed time first
an amount of liquid or gas escaping through a hole in sth ; an occasion when there is a leak
to separate two people or things
no longer available or being served
an amount of sth that is thought to be normal or fair
control or power
to want sth ; to wish for sth
the earth , with all its countries , peoples and natural features
something very unpleasant
used to show that you are surprised by sth
the thing that results when you make a problem , statement , system , etc. easier to understand or do
a person who lives in a colony and who comes from the country that controls it
to lead to a particular result ; to show sth
to collect money , information , etc. from different people so that it can be used by all of them
a substance used to prevent food or wood from decaying
suitable for or like girls , not boys
a statement , fact , or situation that tells you why sth happened ; a reason given for sth
to prevent sb / sth from doing sth or making progress , especially when this is done deliberately
to begin to operate
training or information that you are given before starting a new job , course , etc .
a problem or worry that sb has with sth
to undo sth by twisting or turning it ; to become undone in this way
that exists only in a basic form , as an outline
to hit sb with your open hand , especially as a punishment
restricting what sb / sth can do
an unpleasant place to live or be in
young and without experience
an ending to sth of the type mentione d
a person who defends and believes in protecting sth
a bomb or weapon that will explode
plays considered as a form of literature
at a short distance away from sb / sth
going towards home
not including sth
not important and of little worth or use
to kick or throw the ball from a fixed or agreed position
not praised or famous but deserving to be
having spots or marks of a different colour
to express your opinions rather than just reporting the news or giving the facts
to easily defeat an opponent , es pecially a strong or powerful one
the contents of a sack
a symbol of the fact that sb has been defeated or punished
unusual ; not like other people or things
used in written English to show that the word ' God ' is being pronounced in a particular way to express surprise , anger or fear
thinking that sth is very important and making sure that it always happens or is done
to work too hard ; to make a person or an animal work too hard
a small tool that is used to put a substance onto a surface , or to put sth into an object
to think about or be interested in sth for a short time but not very seriously
the act of buying and using products
either of the two points at the opposite ends of the line on which the earth or any other planet turns
important ; that will have important results
that cannot be mistaken for sb / sth else
a person who uses a typewriter or computer keyboard
permission or authority to do sth that is necessary in a particular situation
having the usual qualities or features of a particular type of person , thing or group
to catch sb 's foot and make them f all or almost fall
in a state of complete confusion and lack of order
not physically strong
based on new ideas , forms or methods that are used to find out what effect they have
having a colour that is close to black
used when speaking to or about sb , especially a young boy , who tries really hard at sth , and that you feel affection for
to allow vehicles on a bigger road to go first
a single wooden match
a slight feeling , such as worry , doubt , etc. that does not go away
the workers who work a particular shift
a former lover
to use a chemical substance or process to clean , protect , preserve , etc. sth
a piece of equipment for taking photographs , moving pictures or television pictures
at a late stage of development
the system of laws and basic principles that a state , a country or an organization is governed by
to prepare in your mind or practise privately what you are going to do or say to sb
connected with the time when a woman menstruates each month
near the top in rank or status
to make your hands into the shape of a bowl
a sudden short feeling of an unpleasant emotion
a small amount or number of things spread over an area
to request permission to do sth
made into blocks ready to use
ears that hang down at the side of an animal 's head
curved ; shaped like a hook
an area where fighting takes place during a war
a small lump that grows on a plant and from which a flower , leaf or stem develops
the quality that sb has when they do not talk easily to other people about their ideas , feelings , etc .
not sensible or thought out in a logical way
something that blocks a road , an entrance , etc .
an object consisting of two parts that are joined together
to punish or hurt sb in return for sth bad or wrong that they have done to you , your family or friends
to show interest in sth and become excited about it
( in the US ) at the second of the three highest levels of achievement that students can reach when they finish their studies at college
the state of not being true ; the act of telling a lie
a small change made to sth in order to correct or improve it
made by or relating to a political party
unable to feel , think or react in the normal way
a building in each US state where politicians meet to work on new laws
an action that you take when you know there is a risk but when you hope that the result will be a success
so mething that is as close as possible to what you need or want
holding an opinion or a belief very firmly and seriously
the time shown on a clock in minutes and hours
a small sweet / candy that you suck , especially one that is flavoured with fruit or that contains medicine for a sore throat
continuing for a long time and seeming to have no end
to move or turn back
showing the comfort and easy way of life that wealth can bring
if a bird , an insect , a fish , etc. lays eggs , it produces them from its body
the place where you pay for goods in a large shop / store
to state officially that sth is no longer legally valid
the act of encouraging sb to do sth ; something that encourages sb
to make a loud cry when you are in pain , angry , amused , etc .
the feeling of great satisfaction or joy that you get from a great success or victory
to put paint , wallpaper , etc. on the walls and ceilings of a room or house
happiness , fun and the sound of people laughing
a sudden attack of an illness , such as epilepsy , in which sb becomes unconscious and their body may make violent movements
very small in degr ee
to make you feel a particular emotion again or to make you remember sth again
a quick look at sth
a cheerful , lively quality
to clean sb 's ear by spraying liquid into it with a syringe
the way of writing the sound ( / ɜː / / ʊx / ) that people make when they think that sth is disgusting or unpleasant
if a car horn hoots or you hoot or hoot the horn , the horn makes a loud noise
to arrange an official meeting
without communicating with other people , because you are not allowed to or because you do not want to
a person without a home , a job or property
former ; belonging to past times or a past time in your life
a strong regular beat in music
to oppose sb or speak against them or their plans or wishes
a woman who does not behave or think in an independent way , always following the accepted rules of society and obeying her husband without thinking
consisting of separate units from which students may choose several
a written statement about a student 's work at school , college , etc .
to join in or interrupt a conversation ; to add sth to a conversation or discussion
a shared area of interest , knowledge , responsibility , etc .
threatening
a part of a person 's character , especially an unpleasant part
connected with or typical of the novels of Charles Dickens , which often describe social problems and bad social conditions
the fact that sb has done sth illegal
the area around the middle of the body between the ribs and the hips , often narrower than the areas above and below
made to look real , although it is actually a copy which does not work
changing repeatedly in size , amount , quality , etc. from one extreme to another
the power and influence that sb / sth has
to go down into another substance through the surface
positive and enthusiastic ; making you feel that the future will be good
approximately
showing extreme courage and admired by many people
a deep wide channel that was dug around a castle , etc. and filled with water to make it more difficult for enemies to attack
a person who writes novels
a struggle against sb / sth using physical force
to become or to make sth become more definite and less likely to change
an informal test given to students
to come together in one place to form a larger group
located in or near the middle of a country , not near the edge or on the coast
the period of time that sth has existed
to pay to live in a room in sb 's house
a group of people who are doing sth together such as travelling or visiting somewhere
valuable things that sb wins , buys or obtains
a strong desire to know about sth
a very high degree of skill in performing or playing
very important or serious , especially because there may be important results
to reach an agreement or a decision , usually after a lot of discussion
to laugh loudly with pleasure or because you are amused
to pay back the money that you have borrowed from sb
a sudden , short period of illness , usually severe , especially an illness that you have often
placed across sth
never having happened or been experienced before
connected with or like the countryside
to move quietly and carefully around an area , especially with the intention of committing a crime
in addition to your main job
to raise or pull sth up to a higher position , often using ropes or special equipment
to happen at the same time as sth
used when explaining or showing sth to sb
the written or printed signs that represent the sounds to be played or sung in a piece of music
with the same thing
covered with rust
to be similar to or the same as sth else
to gather together and organize the people , things , ideas , etc. that you need for a particular purpose
to remove sth from sth larger by cutting
caused by a parasite
a drink usually made from a mixture of one or more spirits ( = strong alcoholic drinks ) and fruit juice . It can also be made without alcohol .
to present ideas , facts , etc. in an organized way , in speech or writing
an escape from a difficult situation , especially after committing a crime
a building where people are kept as a punishment for a crime they have committed , or while they are waiting for trial
picked by the customer on the farm where they are grown
a serious illness that affects birds , especially chickens , that can be spread from birds to humans and that can cause death
able to do sth well because of training and practice
a way of referring to a man or boy
the ability to move easily from one place , social class , or job to another
empty , with nobody living there or using it
a senior member of some colleges or universities
to experience sth again , especially in your imagination
to express a particular opinion
dishonest
attempting to make big changes in society or to a political system in an extremely determined and enthusiastic way
to check how much alcohol a driver has drunk by making him or her breathe into a breathalyser
a part of a room , building or particular space that is used for a special purpose
not needing thought or intelligence
to produce books , newspapers , etc. by printing them in large quantities
extremely full of people
having a tendency to become angry , excited or upset easily , and to behave in an unreasonable way
that cannot be destroyed , defeated or questioned
not definite or clearly defined ; general
tobacco or cigarettes
done deliberately
air near the sea / ocean , thought to be good for the health
of a good enough standard or quality
suffering from paralysis ; making sb unable to move
a company that provides a telephone or Internet service
not disturbed ; peaceful
having a strong , unpleasant taste ; not sweet
to kill a person or an animal by hitting them very hard on the head
used with uncountable nouns to mean ‘ a smaller amount of ’
to reach the top of a hill , etc .
a woman , place or thing that is thought to be one of the best in a particular group or area
showing that you do not approve of sb / sth
to give information about sth in a public place , especially through a loudspeaker
of a very small breed
including all the days , months , numbers , etc. mentioned
needing sb / sth in order to survive , be successful , etc .
to gradually become or be understood as sth
not protected from attack or criticism
material made of a network of wire ; a piece of this
large ; making you feel full
to agree to accept sth , for example a plan or an offer
an opinion or attitude that agrees with or repeats one already expressed or thought
sports shoes that cover the ankle , worn especially for playing basketball
to succeed in finding a solution to a disagreement between people or groups
something that is tamper-proof is specially designed so that it cannot be easily changed or damaged
to destroy or knock down a building , tree , etc .
the ability to keep increasing or developing
to be or become very closely connected with sth / sb else
the difference in attitude or behaviour between young and older people that causes a lack of understanding
to hold an official ceremony to say that a building or an object has a special purpose or is special to the memory of a particular person
a thing , a place or a group that has all the features and qualities of sth much larger
to send light over sth ; to let light fall somewhere
to disturb sb who is trying to give all their attention to sth that they are doing
the general character of sth
a name or phrase that is used to describe a person or thing in some way
to have a strong effect on sb , especially to make them laugh
referring to a particular person 's character , appearance , opinions , etc. in a way that is offensive
having had the job or position mentioned for a long time
the 18th letter of the English alphabet
the public supply of electricity
a small piece of information or news
a person that you dislike very much and find very unpleasant
that makes you feel sad ; dull and not interesting
not sincere or enthusiastic
used after you have referred to two people or groups , to mean ‘ both ’ or ‘ equally ’
a tall plant like grass that grows near water . Its long thin stems can be dried and used for making baskets , the seats of chairs , etc .
to become weaker or fail to make progress
not aware of every aspect of a situation ; not willing to accept different ideas about sth
one of the very large pieces of rock that form the earth 's surface and move slowly
to make or shape sth large by cutting
behaving or happening in a way that you would expect and therefore boring
showing or needing skilful , careful or sensitive treatment
a long narrow strip of material with a sticky substance on one side that is used for sticking things together
a set of facts or arguments that support one side in a trial , a discussion , etc .
a sharp bend in a road
all the people working on a ship , plane etc. except the officers who are in charge
protecting sb / sth against attack
containing pepper and spices and producing a burning feeling in your mouth
covered with frost
lines on a surface where it is damaged or beginning to break
the process of questioning people who are representative of a larger group in order to get information about the general opinion
a chemical substance produced in the body or in a plant that encourages growth or influences how the cells and tissues function ; an artificial substance that has similar effects
to encourage sb to behave in a particular way by offering them a reward
a situation in which you do sth bad to sb because they have done the same to you
that corrects or adjusts itself without outside help
having a strong belief in perfect standards and trying to achieve them , even when this is not realistic
a path or route for walking , usually for pleasure ; an organized event when people walk for pleasure
unpleasant or offensive ; not considered morally acceptable
a change that makes sth more accurate than it was before
to be of sb / sth ; to represent sb / sth
kept in case you need to replace the one you usually use ; extra
a series of actions that are always performed in the same way , especially as part of a religious ceremony
to live in a building or on land which is not yours , without the owner 's permission
to take notice of sth with your eyes
understanding what is happening around you
used or happening every day or regularly ; ordinary
a reason why you do not like or are opposed to sth ; a statement about this
needing a lot of people to do it
a small hard shiny white ball that forms inside the shell of an oyster and is of great value as a jewel
negative and unpleasant ; not likely to produce a good result
a person who is starting to learn sth and cannot do it very well yet
a disease caused by a virus
a son or daughter of any age
to go somewhere
needing a lot of strength , determination or effort
used in the names of some groups of countries or states that have chosen to be politically linked with each other
to make a product available to the public for the first time
to do better than an opponent by acting in a way that is cleverer or more skilful
passing quickly from one person to another
used when no other auxiliary verb is present , to emphasize what you are saying
a person or an event that is fun
not based on a single set of principles or beliefs
to give birth to a baby before it is fully developed and able to live
something that is sublime
to obtain or win sth , especially sth that you need or want
causing a lot of anxiety and worry
the state of having a serious mental illness
groups of people , events and activities that are not part of the main group or activity
existing as a fact although it may not be legally accepted as existing
mentioned before , in an earlier sentence
things that are not wanted or cannot be used for their original purpose , but which have some value for the material they are made of
used when the man or boy who performs an action is also affected by it
to force saliva ( = the liquid that is produced in the mouth ) out of your mouth , often as a sign of anger or lack of respect
to try to get what you want in court
to deliberately annoy sb , especially by criticizing them continuously
a feeling of worry or anxiety ; something that causes problems or anxiety
a line or measurement that is used as a starting point when comparing facts
a swelling under the skin , sometimes a sign of serious illness
alcoh olic drink
a part of a song or other recording that is used as the sound a mobile / cell phone makes when it rings
a person or thing that causes you to feel very happy
happening or done secretly , often illegally
connected with a child that has just been born
giving out light when heated
an act of hitting or kicking sth / sb
an act of taking control of a company by buying most of its shares
at or to a greater distance in space or time
like or containing gas
in almost the same way
an act of jumping
having an unpleasant sour taste
a thing that looks like a pearl in shape or colour
the process or result of dividing into separate parts ; the process or result of dividing sth or sharing it out
used with a unit of measurement to mean ‘ every ’
to come close to sth in time or space
to clean a hotel room and make the bed
a particular position , point or area
the act of using sth ; the state of being used
afterwards ; later ; after sth else has happened
one of the two or more people or groups taking part in an argument , war , etc .
to form an opinion about sth based on the information or evidence that is available
to put pollen into a plant so that a seed develops ; to join sperm with an egg so that a baby or young animal develops
not doing the action mentioned
to move through water making drops fly everywhere
looking rich , and dressed in elegant and expensive clothes
not likely to burn easily
to send sth to a different address or in a different direction
the act or sound of laughing
a swear word that many people find offensive , used to show that you are angry or annoyed
produced in large amounts
to be with sb
a person who is not well known
the process of keeping information , etc. on a computer ; the way it is kept
a particular way of speaking
able to decide sth quickly and with confidence
a person who does a job without being paid for it
slowly and loudly
to give sb / sth a place where they are protected from the weather or from danger ; to protect sb / sth
a hard layer or surface , especially above or around sth soft or liquid
a situation in which it is not worth spending time , money , etc. on sth
involving payments from the people who will benefit
a person who is killed or injured in war or in an accident
to give sb bail while they are waiting to go to trial
to say that you are annoyed , unhappy or not satisfied about sb / sth
a person who has the necessary knowledge or skills to give their opinion about the value or quality of sb / sth
to continue to look at sb / sth or think about sth for longer than usual
one of the very small cells that are produced by some plants and that develop into new plants
used to show that sb has control or authority
