Schizophrenia
Pronunciation | /ˌ s k ɪ t s ə ˈ f r iː n i ə/, UK also /ˌ s k ɪ d z ə-/, US also /-ˈ f r ɛ n i ə/
Specialty | Psychiatry
Symptoms | False beliefs, confused thinking, hearing voices others do not
Complications | Suicide, heart disease, lifestyle diseases
Usual onset | Ages 16 to 30
Duration | Chronic
Causes | Environmental and genetic factors
Risk factors | Family history, cannabis use, problems during pregnancy, being raised in a city, older father
Diagnostic method | Based on observed behavior, reported experiences, and reports of others familiar with the person
Differential diagnosis | Substance misuse, Huntington's disease, mood disorders (bipolar disorder), autism
Treatment | Counseling, job training
Medication | Antipsychotics
Prognosis | 18–20 years shorter life expectancy
Frequency | ~0.5%
Deaths | ~17,000 (2015)