French Republic République française
Capital | Paris
Common languages | French (official), several others
Religion | Roman Catholicism Calvinism Lutheranism Judaism (4 September 1870—9 December 1905; applied to Alsace-Lorraine from December 5, 1918 to 10 July 1940) Secular state (9 December 1905—10 July 1940; excluding Alsace-Lorraine)
Government | Unitary parliamentary republic
President |
• 1871–1873 | Adolphe Thiers (first)
• 1932–1940 | Albert Lebrun (last)
President of the Council of Ministers |
• 1870–1871 | Louis Jules Trochu
• 1940 | Philippe Pétain
Legislature | Parliament
• Upper house | Senate
• Lower house | Chamber of Deputies
History |
• Proclamation by Leon Gambetta | 4 September 1870
• Vichy France established | 10 July 1940