Major depressive disorder
Other names | Clinical depression, major depression, unipolar depression, unipolar disorder, recurrent depression
Specialty | Psychiatry
Symptoms | Low mood, low self-esteem, loss of interest in normally enjoyable activities, low energy, pain without a clear cause
Complications | Self-harm, suicide
Usual onset | 20s–30s
Duration | > 2 weeks
Causes | Genetic, environmental, and psychological factors
Risk factors | Family history, major life changes, certain medications, chronic health problems, substance abuse
Differential diagnosis | Bipolar disorder, ADHD, sadness
Treatment | Counseling, antidepressant medication, electroconvulsive therapy, exercise
Frequency | 216 million (2015)