Rickets
Pronunciation | /ˈ r ɪ k ɪ t s/
Specialty | Pediatrics, rheumatology
Symptoms | Bowed legs, stunted growth, bone pain, large forehead, trouble sleeping
Complications | Bone fractures, muscle spasms, abnormally curved spine, intellectual disability
Usual onset | Childhood
Causes | Diet without enough vitamin D or calcium, dark skin, too little sun exposure, exclusive breastfeeding without supplementation, celiac disease, certain genetic conditions
Diagnostic method | Blood tests, X-rays
Differential diagnosis | Fanconi syndrome, scurvy, Lowe syndrome, osteomalacia
Prevention | Vitamin D supplements for exclusively-breastfed babies
Treatment | Vitamin D and calcium
Frequency | Relatively common (Middle East, Africa, Asia)