# CLEVR: A Diagnostic Dataset for
Compositional Language and Elementary Visual Reasoning

## Abstract

When building artificial intelligence systems that can reason and answer questions about visual data, we need diagnostic tests to analyze our progress and discover shortcomings. Existing benchmarks for visual question answering can help, but have strong biases that models can exploit to correctly answer questions without reasoning. They also conflate multiple sources of error, making it hard to pinpoint model weaknesses. We present a diagnostic dataset that tests a range of visual reasoning abilities. It contains minimal biases and has detailed annotations describing the kind of reasoning each question requires. We use this dataset to analyze a variety of modern visual reasoning systems, providing novel insights into their abilities and limitations.
Justin Johnson
Bharath Hariharan
Laurens van
der Maaten
Fei-Fei Li
Larry Zitnick
Ross Girshick
Download paper (arXiv)

#### Presented at CVPR 2017

## Download

### Main Dataset

This is the main dataset used in the paper. It consists of:

- A training set of 70,000 images and 699,989 questions
- A validation set of 15,000 images and 149,991 questions
- A test set of 15,000 images and 14,988 questions
- Answers for all train and val questions
- Scene graph annotations for train and val images giving ground-truth locations, attributes, and relationships for objects
- Functional program representations for all training and validation images

### Compositional Generalization Test (CoGenT)

This data was used in Section 4.7 of the paper to study the ability of models to recognize novel combinations of attributes at test-time. The data is generated in two different conditions:
Condition A

- Cubes are gray, blue, brown, or yellow
- Cylinders are red, green, purple, or cyan
- Spheres can have any color

Condition B

- Cubes are red, green, purple, or cyan
- Cylinders are gray, blue, brown, or yellow
- Spheres can have any color

This dataset consists of:

- A training set of 70,000 images and 699,960 questions in Condition A
- A validation set of 15,000 images and 150,000 questions in Condition A
- A validation set of 15,000 images and 149,991 questions in Condition B

- A test set of 15,000 images and 149,980 questions in Condition B
- A test set of 15,000 images and 149,992 questions in Condition B
- Answers, scene graphs and functional programs for all train and val images and questions

Download CLEVR v1.0 (18 GB)
Download CLEVR v1.0 (no images) (86 MB)
Download CLEVR-CoGenT v1.0 (24 GB)
Download CLEVR-CoGenT v1.0 (no images) (106 MB)
All data is released under the Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license.
Questions in CLEVR test various aspects of visual reasoning including attribute identification, counting, comparison, spatial relationships, and logical operations.
Q: Are there an equal number of large things and metal spheres?
Q: What size is the cylinder that is left of the brown metal thing that is left of the big sphere?
Q: There is a sphere with the same size as the metal cube; is it made of the same material as the small red sphere?
Q: How many objects are either small cylinders or red things?
Each question in CLEVR is represented both in natural language and as a functional program. The functional program representation allows for precise determination of the reasoning skills required to answer each question.

## Dataset Generation Code

The code for generating the CLEVR dataset is available on GitHub. With this code you can:

- Render new CLEVR images using Blender
- Generate new CLEVR questions for CLEVR images

## Acknowledgments

This work was performed during a summer internship at Facebook AI Research.