Down syndrome
Other namesDown's syndrome, Down's, trisomy 21
SpecialtyMedical genetics, pediatrics
SymptomsDelayed physical growth, characteristic facial features, mild to moderate intellectual disability
CausesThird copy of chromosome 21
Risk factorsOlder mother, prior affected child
Diagnostic methodPrenatal screening, genetic testing
TreatmentEducational support, sheltered work environment
PrognosisLife expectancy 50 to 60 (developed world)
Frequency5.4 million (0.1%)
Deaths26,500 (2015)