The value of high-quality datasets for training essential language tools has long been recognised for NLP research. Despite the importance of such datasets, most language data available for training consists of large, automatically curated corpora, often scraped from web content. The quality of such datasets is often an unknown factor. This presents a problem for already low-resourced languages (such as Irish), as existing datasets may not provide adequate, representative language data for training effective models. This paper examines existing monolingual and parallel Irish text corpora to evaluate the quality of the language data, through manual review, automatic metrics, and LLMs as judges.

Generating coherent, semantically accurate text from large structured inputs remains a persistent challenge in data-to-text generation, as single-step LLM mappings from data-to-text limit control over discourse structuring and amplify hallucinations and omissions as input size grows. We introduce a new dataset of extended DBpedia triple sets (up to 199 triples per input), and a modular multi-agent framework: specialised LLM agents handle content ordering, text structuring, and surface realisation under the supervision of an orchestrator and guardrail control loop. The system generates multi-paragraph outputs in English and Irish (low-resource). We compare a three-worker multi-agent configuration against a single-worker multi-task variant and a strong end-to-end baseline. Quality is assessed via human evaluation and LLM-as-a-judge (with truncation-based sanity checks). Results show slightly superior coherence for the multi-agent approach in both languages, with statistically significant inter-rater correlation over all criteria for English and no statistically significant correlation for Irish. Human-LLM alignment is very weak overall, thus exposing key limits in scalable NLG evaluation.

Minority languages such as Irish are massively under-resourced, particularly in terms of high-quality domain-relevant data, limiting the capabilities of machine translation (MT) engines, even those integrating large language models (LLMs). The eSTÓR project, described in this paper, focuses on the collection and curation of high-quality Irish text data for diverse domains.

The ability of LLMs to write coherent, faithful long texts from structured data inputs remains relatively uncharted, in part because nearly all public data-to-text datasets contain only short input-output pairs. To address these gaps, we benchmark six LLMs, a rule‐based system and human-written texts on a new long-input dataset in English and Irish via LLM-based evaluation. We find substantial differences between models and languages.