@inproceedings{papucci-etal-2026-lexical,
    title = "Lexical Conditioning of Model{'}s Distribution through Uncertainty-gated Soft-Mixing of Probabilities",
    author = "Papucci, Michele  and
      Venturi, Giulia  and
      Dell{'}Orletta, Felice",
    editor = "Shardlow, Matthew  and
      Fran{\c{c}}ois, Thomas  and
      Amaro, Raquel  and
      Baptista, Jorge  and
      Cardon, R{\'e}mi  and
      Ribeiro, Eug{\'e}nio  and
      Saggion, Horacio  and
      Stodden, Regina  and
      Todirascu, Amalia  and
      Wilkens, Rodrigo",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Joint Workshop on Readability and Text Simplification ({READI}x{TSAR}) @ {LREC} 2026",
    month = may,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Palma, Mallorca (Spain)",
    publisher = "ELRA Language Resources Association (ELRA)",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/paragraph-normalization/2026.readi-1.7/",
    doi = "10.63317/5hgiz64xsj6s",
    pages = "89--100",
    abstract = "We present Uncertainty-Gated Lexical Decoding (UGLD), a decoding-time framework for fine-grained lexical control in Large Language Models (LLMs) that explicitly addresses the trade-off between controllability and fluency. UGLD adaptively scales intervention through an entropy-based gating mechanism derived from the model{'}s predictive distribution, activating control when uncertainty is high and limiting interference when predictions are confident. The method supports both promotion toward and against predefined vocabularies. We evaluate UGLD in Italian on two open-weight LLMs (ANITA 8B and Qwen 3 4B) across paraphrasing and free-text generation settings, considering Simple Vocabulary Conditioning and Jargon Reduction scenarios. Automatic evaluation shows consistent improvements in lexical coverage over standard decoding strategies, while human evaluation confirms that fluency is preserved under controlled intervention."
}