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36th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Volume 2

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A Freely Available Morphological Analyzer, Disambiguator and Context Sensitive Lemmatizer for German
Wolfgang Lezius | Reinhard Rapp | Manfred Wettler

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Word Clustering and Disambiguation Based on Co-occurrence Data
Hang Li | Naoki Abe

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Identifying Syntactic Role of Antecedent in Korean Relative Clause using Corpus and Thesaurus Informationes
Hui-Feng Li | Jong-Hyeok Lee | Geunbae Lee

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A Test Environment for Natural Language Understanding Systems
Li Li | Deborah A. Dahl | Lewis M. Norton | Marcia C. Linebarger | Dongdong Chen

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Automatic Retrieval and Clustering of Similar Words
Dekang Lin

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Learning Constraint Grammar-style Disambiguation Rules using Inductive Logic Programming
Nikolaj Lindberg | Martin Eineborg

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Evaluating Response Strategies in a Web-Based Spoken Dialogue Agent
Diane J. Litman | Shimei Pan | Marilyn A. Walker

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Formal Aspects and Parsing Issues of Dependency Theory
Vincenzo Lombardo | Leonardo Lesmo

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A Multi-Neuro Tagger Using Variable Lengths of Contexts
Susann LuperFoy | Dan Loehr | David Duff | Keith Miller | Florence Reeder | Lisa Harper | Qing Ma | Hitoshi Isahara

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LiLFeS - Towards a Practical HPSG Parser
Takaki Makino | Minoru Yoshida | Kentaro Torisawa | Jun’ichi Tsujii

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Bitext Correspondences through Rich Mark-up
Raquel Martinez | Joseba Abaitua | Arantza Casillas

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Discourse Cues for Broadcast News Segmentation
Mark T. Maybury

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Confirmation in Multimodal Systems
David R. McGee | Phil R. Cohen | Sharon Oviatt

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Babel: A Testbed for Research in Origins of Language
Angus McIntyre

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Combining Trigram and Winnow in Thai OCR Error Correction
Surapant Meknavin | Boonserm Kijsirikul | Ananlada Chotimongkol | Cholwich Nuttee

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Deriving Transfer Rules from Dominance-Preserving Alignments
Adam Meyers | Roman Yangarber | Ralph Grishman | Catherine Macleod | Antonio Moreno-Sandoval

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Feature Lattices for Maximum Entropy Modelling
Andrei Mikheev

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Simultaneous Interpretation Utilizing Example-based Incremental Transfer
Hideki Mima | Hitoshi Iida | Osamu Furuse

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Integrated Control of Chart Items for Error Repair
Kyongho Min | William H. Wilson

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Robust Pronoun Resolution with Limited Knowledge
Ruslan Mitkov

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HPSG-Style Underspecified Japanese Grammar with Wide Coverage
Yutaka Mitsuishi | Kentaro Torisawa | Jun’ichi Tsujii

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Text Segmentation with Multiple Surface Linguistic Cues
Hajime Mochizuki | Takeo Honda | Manabu Okumura

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Using Language Resources in an Intelligent Tutoring System for French
Chadia Moghrabi

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Dynamic Compilation of Weighted Context-Free Grammars
Mehryar Mohri | Fernando C.N. Pereira

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A Stochastic Language Model using Dependency and its Improvement by Word Clustering
Shinsuke Mori | Makoto Nagao

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Dealing with Distinguishing Descriptions in a Guided Composition System
Pascal Mouret | Monique Rolbert

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An Estimate of Referent of Noun Phrases in Japanese Sentences
Masaki Murata | Makoto Nagao

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Automatic Text Summarization Based on the Global Document Annotation
Katashi Nagao | Koiti Hasida

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Japanese OCR Error Correction using Character Shape Similarity and Statistical Language Model
Masaaki Nagata

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Hypertext Authoring for Linking Relevant Segments of Related Instruction Manuals
Hiroshi Nakagawa | Tatsunori Mori | Nobuyuki Omori | Jun Okamura

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Translating a Unification Grammar with Disjunctions into Logical Constraints
Mikio Nakano | Akira Shimazu

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Constituent-based Accent Prediction
Christine H. Nakatani

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An Alternative LR Algorithm for TAGs
Mark-Jan Nederhof

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Prefix Probabilities from Stochastic Free Adjoining Grammars
Mark-Jan Nederhof | Anoop Sarkar | Giorgio Satta

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A DP based Search Algorithm for Statistical Machine Translation
S. Nießen | S. Vogel | H. Ney | C. Tillmann

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An Efficient Parallel Substrate for Typed Feature Structures on Shared Memory Parallel Machines
Takashi Ninomiya | Kentaro Torisawa | Jun’ichi Tsujii

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Universal Grammar and Lexis for Quick Ramp-Up of MT Systems
Sergei Nirenburg | Victor Raskin

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Integration of Large-Scale Linguistic Resources in a Natural Language Understanding System
Lewis M. Norton | Deborah A. Dahl | Li Li | Katharine P. Beals

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Improving Statistical Natural Language Translation with Categories and Rules
Franz Josef Och | Hans Weber

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Recognition of the Coherence Relation between Te-linked Clauses
Akira Oishi | Yuji Matsumoto

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On the Evaluation and Comparison of Taggers: the Effect of Noise in Testing Corpora
Lluis Padro | Lluis Marquez

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Learning Intonation Rules for Concept to Speech Generation
Shimei Pan | Kathleen McKeown

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Possessive Pronominal Anaphor Resolution in Portuguese Written Texts
Ivandre Paraboni | Vera Lucia Strube de Lima

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Machine Aided Error-Correction Environment for Korean Morphological Analysis and Partof-Speech Tagging
Junsik Park | Jung-Goo Kang | Wook Hur | Key-Sun Choi

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A Computational Model of Social Perlocutions
David Pautler | Alex Quilici

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Parametric Types for Typed Attribute-Value Logic
Gerald Penn

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A Procedure for Multi-Class Discrimination and some Linguistic Applications
Vladimir Pericliev | Raul E. Valdes-Perez

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From Information Structure to Intonation: A Phonological Interface for Concept-to-Speech
Hannes Pirker | Georg Niklfeld | Johannes Matiasek | Harald Trost

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Reference Resolution beyond Coreference: a Conceptual Frame and its Application
Andrei Popescu-Belis | Isabelle Robba | Gerard Sabah

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Multilingual Authoring using Feedback Texts
Richard Power | Donia Scott

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Practical Glossing by Prioritised Tiling
Victor Poznanski | Pete Whitelock | Jan IJdens | Steffan Corley

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An Intelligent Multi-Dictionary Environment
Gabor Prbszeky

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Learning Correlations between Linguistic Indicators and Semantic Constraints: Reuse of Context-Dependent Descriptions of Entities
Dragomir R. Radev

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Statistical Models for Unsupervised Prepositional Phrase Attachment
Adwait Ratnaparkhi

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JaBot: A Multilingual Java-Based Intelligent Agent for Web Sites
Tim Read | Elena Barcena

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Generating the Structure of Argument
Chris Reed | Derek Long

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MindNet: Acquiring and Structuring Semantic Information from Text
Stephen D. Richardson | William B. Dolan | Lucy Vanderwende

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Building Accurate Semantic Taxonomies from Monolingual MRDs
German Rigau | Horacio Rodriguez | Eneko Agirre

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Noun-Phrase Co-occurrence Statistics for Semi-Automatic Semantic Lexicon Construction
Brian Roark | Eugene Charniak

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A Descriptive Characterization of Tree-Adjoining Languages
James Rogers

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How Verb Subcategorization Frequencies are Affected by Corpus Choice
Douglas Roland | Daniel Jurafsky

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An Interactive Domain Independent Approach to Robust Dialogue Interpretation
Carolyn Penstein Rose | Lori S. Levin

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Part of Speech Tagging Using a Network of Linear Separators
Dan Roth | Dmitry Zelenko

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A Generative Lexicon Perspective for Adjectival Modification
Patrick Saint-Dizier

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Dialogue Act Tagging with Transformation-Based Learning
Ken Samuel | Sandra Carberry | K. Vijay-Shanker

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Ranking Text Units According to Textual Saliency, Connectivity and Topic Aptness
Antonio Sanfilippo

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Conditions on Consistency of Probabilistic Tree Adjoining Grammars
Anoop Sarkar

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Maximum Entropy Model Learning of the Translation Rules
Kengo Sato | Masakazu Nakanishi

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Restrictions on Tree Adjoining Languages
Giorgio Satta | William Schuler

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Learning Tense Translation from Bilingual Corpora
Michael Schiehlen

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An Underspecified Segmented Discourse Representation Theory (USDRT)
Frank Schilder

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Natural Language Access to Software Applications
Paul Schmidt | Marius Groenendijk | Peter Phelan | Henrik Schulz | Sibylle Rieder | Axel Theofilidis | Thierry Declerck | Andrew Bredenkamp

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Recognizing Syntactic Errors in the Writing of Second Language Learners
David Schneider | Kathleen F. McCoy

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Transforming Lattices into Non-deterministic Automata with Optional Null Arcs
Mark Seligman | Christian Boitet | Boubaker Meddeb-Hamrouni

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Locating Noun Phrases with Finite State Transducers
Jean Senellart

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Segregatory Coordination and Ellipsis in Text Generation
James Shaw

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Similarity Metrics for Aligning Children’s Articulation Data
Harold L. Somers

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A Connectionist Approach to Prepositional Phrase Attachment for Real World Texts
Josep M. Sopena | Agusti LLoberas | Joan L. Moliner

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DiMLex: A Lexicon of Discourse Markers for Text Generation and Understanding
Manfred Stede | Carla Umbach

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Spontaneous Lexicon Change
Luc Steels | Frederic Kaplan

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Never Look Back: An Alternative to Centering
Michael Strube

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Summarization-based Query Expansion in Information Retrieval
Tomek Strzalkowski | Jin Wang | Bowden Wise

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Chinese Word Segmentation without Using Lexicon and Hand-crafted Training Data
Maosong Sun | Dayang Shen | Benjamin K. Tsou

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Keyword Extraction using Term-Domain Interdependence for Dictation of Radio News
Yoshimi Suzuki | Fumiyo Fukumoto | Yoshihiro Sekiguchi

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Tagging English by Path Voting Constraints
Gokhan Tlir | Kemal Oflazer

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Reactive Content Selection in the Generation of Real-time Soccer Commentary
Kumiko Tanaka-Ishii | Koiti Hasida | Itsuki Noda

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Idiomatic Object Usage and Support Verbs
Pasi Tapanainen | Jussi Piitulainen | Timo Jarvinen

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Coherence in Spoken Discourse
Heike Tappe | Frank Schilder

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Automatically Creating Bilingual Lexicons for Machine Translation from Bilingual Text
Davide Turcato

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A Method for Relating Multiple Newspaper Articles by Using Graphs, and Its Application to Webcasting
Naohiko Uramoto | Koichi Takeda

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General-to-Specific Model Selection for Subcategorization Preference
Takehito Utsuro | Takashi Miyata | Yuji Matsumoto

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Multilingual Computational Semantic Lexicons in Action: The WYSINNWYG Approach to NLP
Evelyne Viegas

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The Computational Lexical Semantics of Syntagmatic Expressions
Evelyne Viegas | Stephen Beale | Sergei Nirenburg

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A tabular interpretation of a class of 2-Stack Automata
Eric Villemonte de la Clergerie | Miguel Alonso Pardo

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Project for production of closed-caption TV programs for the hearing impaired
Takahiro Wakao

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Learning Optimal Dialogue Strategies: A Case Study of a Spoken Dialogue Agent for Email
Marilyn A. Walker

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Automatic English-Chinese name transliteration for development of multilingual resources
Stephen Wan | Cornelia Maria Verspoor

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Modeling with Structures in Statistical Machine translation
Ye-Yi Wang | Alex Waibel

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Using Leading Text for News Summaries: Evaluation Results and Implications for Commercial Summarization Applications
Mark Wasson

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A Pattern-based Machine Translation System Extended by Example-based Processing
Hideo Watanabe | Koichi Takeda

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Diagram Understanding Using Integration of Layout Information and Textual Information
Yasuhiko Watanabe | Makoto Nagao

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Aligning Articles in TV Newscasts and Newspapers
Yasuhiko Watanabe | Yoshihiro Okada | Kengo Kaneji | Makoto Nagao

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Translating Idioms
Eric Wehrli

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Head-Driven Generation with HPSG
Graham Wilcock

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Word Sense Disambiguation using Optimised Combinations of Knowledge Sources
Yorick Wilks | Mark Stevenson

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A Model for Robust Processing of Spontaneous Speech by Integrating Viable Fragments
Karsten L. Worm

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Machine Translation with a Stochastic Grammatical Channel
Dekai Wu | Hongsing Wong

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Structural Disambiguation Based on Reliable Estimation of Strength of Association
Haodong Wu | Eduardo de Paiva Alves | Teiji Furugori

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Combination of an Automatic and an Interactive Disambiguation Method
Masaya Yamaguchi | Takeyuki Kojima | Nobuo Inui | Yoshiyuki Kotani | Hirohiko Nisimura

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Feasibility Study for Ellipsis Resolution in Dialogues by Machine-Learning Technique
Kazuhide Yamamoto | Eiichiro Sumita

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Some Properties of Preposition and Subordinate Conjunction Attachments
Alexander S. Yeh | Marc B. Vilain

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Evaluation of Importance of Sentences based on Connectivity to Title
Takehiko Yoshimi | Toshiyuki Okunishi | Takahiro Yamaji | Yoji Fukumochi

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Automatic Construction of Frame Representations for Spontaneous Speech in Unrestricted Domains
Klaus Zechner

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Using Chunk Based Partial Parsing of Spontaneous Speech in Unrestricted Domains for Reducing Word Error Rate in Speech Recognition
Klaus Zechner | Alex Waibel

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Dialect MT: A Case Study between Cantonese and Mandarin
Xiaoheng Zhang

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Word Association and MI-Trigger-based Language Modeling
GuoDong Zhou | KimTeng Lua

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Discovering Phonotactic Finite-State Automata by Genetic Search
Anja Belz

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A Preliminary Model of Centering in Dialog
Donna Byron | Amanda Stent

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Embedding New Information into Referring Expressions
Hua Cheng

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How to Thematically Segment Texts by using Lexical Cohesion?
Olivier Ferret

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Optimal Multi-Paragraph Text Segmentation by Dynamic Programming
Oskari Heinonen

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Bridging the Gap between Dictionary and Thesaurus
Oi Yee Kwong

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Neural Network Recognition of Spelling Errors
Mark Lewellen

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Detecting Verbal Participation in Diathesis Alternations
Diana McCarthy | Anna Korhonen

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Target Word Selection as Proximity in Semantic Space
Scott McDonald

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A Cognitive Model of Coherence-Driven Story Comprehension
Elliot Smith

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Tree based Analysis of Simple Recurrent Network Learning
Ivelin Stoianov

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Predicting Part-of Speech Information about Unknown Words using Statistical Methods
Scott M. Thede