Felipe Sánchez‐Martínez

Also published as: Felipe Sánchez Martínez, Felipe Sánchez-Martinez, Felipe Sánchez-Martínez


2024

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Curated Datasets and Neural Models for Machine Translation of Informal Registers between Mayan and Spanish Vernaculars
Andrés Lou | Juan Antonio Pérez-Ortiz | Felipe Sánchez-Martínez | Víctor Sánchez-Cartagena
Proceedings of the 2024 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (Volume 1: Long Papers)

The Mayan languages comprise a language family with an ancient history, millions of speakers, and immense cultural value, that, nevertheless, remains severely underrepresented in terms of resources and global exposure. In this paper we develop, curate, and publicly release a set of corpora in several Mayan languages spoken in Guatemala and Southern Mexico, which we call MayanV. The datasets are parallel with Spanish, the dominant language of the region, and are taken from official native sources focused on representing informal, day-to-day, and non-domain-specific language. As such, and according to our dialectometric analysis, they differ in register from most other available resources. Additionally, we present neural machine translation models, trained on as many resources and Mayan languages as possible, and evaluated exclusively on our datasets. We observe lexical divergences between the dialects of Spanish in our resources and the more widespread written standard of Spanish, and that resources other than the ones we present do not seem to improve translation performance, indicating that many such resources may not accurately capture common, real-life language usage. The MayanV dataset is available at https://github.com/transducens/mayanv.

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Lightweight neural translation technologies for low-resource languages
Felipe Sánchez-Martínez | Juan Antonio Pérez-Ortiz | Víctor Sánchez-Cartagena | Andrés Lou | Cristian García-Romero | Aarón Galiano-Jiménez | Miquel Esplà-Gomis
Proceedings of the 25th Annual Conference of the European Association for Machine Translation (Volume 2)

The LiLowLa (“Lightweight neural translation technologies for low-resource languages”) project aims to enhance machine translation (MT) and translation memory (TM) technologies, particularly for low-resource language pairs, where adequate linguistic resources are scarce. The project started in September 2022 and will run till August 2025.

2023

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Exploiting large pre-trained models for low-resource neural machine translation
Aarón Galiano-Jiménez | Felipe Sánchez-Martínez | Víctor M. Sánchez-Cartagena | Juan Antonio Pérez-Ortiz
Proceedings of the 24th Annual Conference of the European Association for Machine Translation

Pre-trained models have drastically changed the field of natural language processing by providing a way to leverage large-scale language representations to various tasks. Some pre-trained models offer general-purpose representations, while others are specialized in particular tasks, like neural machine translation (NMT). Multilingual NMT-targeted systems are often fine-tuned for specific language pairs, but there is a lack of evidence-based best-practice recommendations to guide this process. Moreover, the trend towards even larger pre-trained models has made it challenging to deploy them in the computationally restrictive environments typically found in developing regions where low-resource languages are usually spoken. We propose a pipeline to tune the mBART50 pre-trained model to 8 diverse low-resource language pairs, and then distil the resulting system to obtain lightweight and more sustainable models. Our pipeline conveniently exploits back-translation, synthetic corpus filtering, and knowledge distillation to deliver efficient, yet powerful bilingual translation models 13 times smaller than the original pre-trained ones, but with close performance in terms of BLEU.

2022

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Cross-lingual neural fuzzy matching for exploiting target-language monolingual corpora in computer-aided translation
Miquel Esplà-Gomis | Víctor M. Sánchez-Cartagena | Juan Antonio Pérez-Ortiz | Felipe Sánchez-Martínez
Proceedings of the 2022 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing

Computer-aided translation (CAT) tools based on translation memories (MT) play a prominent role in the translation workflow of professional translators. However, the reduced availability of in-domain TMs, as compared to in-domain monolingual corpora, limits its adoption for a number of translation tasks. In this paper, we introduce a novel neural approach aimed at overcoming this limitation by exploiting not only TMs, but also in-domain target-language (TL) monolingual corpora, and still enabling a similar functionality to that offered by conventional TM-based CAT tools. Our approach relies on cross-lingual sentence embeddings to retrieve translation proposals from TL monolingual corpora, and on a neural model to estimate their post-editing effort. The paper presents an automatic evaluation of these techniques on four language pairs that shows that our approach can successfully exploit monolingual texts in a TM-based CAT environment, increasing the amount of useful translation proposals, and that our neural model for estimating the post-editing effort enables the combination of translation proposals obtained from monolingual corpora and from TMs in the usual way. A human evaluation performed on a single language pair confirms the results of the automatic evaluation and seems to indicate that the translation proposals retrieved with our approach are more useful than what the automatic evaluation shows.

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MultitraiNMT Erasmus+ project: Machine Translation Training for multilingual citizens (multitrainmt.eu)
Mikel L. Forcada | Pilar Sánchez-Gijón | Dorothy Kenny | Felipe Sánchez-Martínez | Juan Antonio Pérez Ortiz | Riccardo Superbo | Gema Ramírez Sánchez | Olga Torres-Hostench | Caroline Rossi
Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Conference of the European Association for Machine Translation

The MultitraiNMT Erasmus+ project has developed an open innovative syl-labus in machine translation, focusing on neural machine translation (NMT) and targeting both language learners and translators. The training materials include an open access coursebook with more than 250 activities and a pedagogical NMT interface called MutNMT that allows users to learn how neural machine translation works. These materials will allow students to develop the technical and ethical skills and competences required to become informed, critical users of machine translation in their own language learn-ing and translation practice. The pro-ject started in July 2019 and it will end in July 2022.

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GoURMET – Machine Translation for Low-Resourced Languages
Peggy van der Kreeft | Alexandra Birch | Sevi Sariisik | Felipe Sánchez-Martínez | Wilker Aziz
Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Conference of the European Association for Machine Translation

The GoURMET project, funded by the European Commission’s H2020 program (under grant agreement 825299), develops models for machine translation, in particular for low-resourced languages. Data, models and software releases as well as the GoURMET Translate Tool are made available as open source.

2021

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Surprise Language Challenge: Developing a Neural Machine Translation System between Pashto and English in Two Months
Alexandra Birch | Barry Haddow | Antonio Valerio Miceli Barone | Jindrich Helcl | Jonas Waldendorf | Felipe Sánchez Martínez | Mikel Forcada | Víctor Sánchez Cartagena | Juan Antonio Pérez-Ortiz | Miquel Esplà-Gomis | Wilker Aziz | Lina Murady | Sevi Sariisik | Peggy van der Kreeft | Kay Macquarrie
Proceedings of Machine Translation Summit XVIII: Research Track

In the media industry and the focus of global reporting can shift overnight. There is a compelling need to be able to develop new machine translation systems in a short period of time and in order to more efficiently cover quickly developing stories. As part of the EU project GoURMET and which focusses on low-resource machine translation and our media partners selected a surprise language for which a machine translation system had to be built and evaluated in two months(February and March 2021). The language selected was Pashto and an Indo-Iranian language spoken in Afghanistan and Pakistan and India. In this period we completed the full pipeline of development of a neural machine translation system: data crawling and cleaning and aligning and creating test sets and developing and testing models and and delivering them to the user partners. In this paperwe describe rapid data creation and experiments with transfer learning and pretraining for this low-resource language pair. We find that starting from an existing large model pre-trained on 50languages leads to far better BLEU scores than pretraining on one high-resource language pair with a smaller model. We also present human evaluation of our systems and which indicates that the resulting systems perform better than a freely available commercial system when translating from English into Pashto direction and and similarly when translating from Pashto into English.

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MultiTraiNMT: Training Materials to Approach Neural Machine Translation from Scratch
Gema Ramírez-Sánchez | Juan Antonio Pérez-Ortiz | Felipe Sánchez-Martínez | Caroline Rossi | Dorothy Kenny | Riccardo Superbo | Pilar Sánchez-Gijón | Olga Torres-Hostench
Proceedings of the Translation and Interpreting Technology Online Conference

The MultiTraiNMT Erasmus+ project aims at developing an open innovative syllabus in neural machine translation (NMT) for language learners and translators as multilingual citizens. Machine translation is seen as a resource that can support citizens in their attempt to acquire and develop language skills if they are trained in an informed and critical way. Machine translation could thus help tackle the mismatch between the desired EU aim of having multilingual citizens who speak at least two foreign languages and the current situation in which citizens generally fall far short of this objective. The training materials consists of an open-access coursebook, an open-source NMT web application called MutNMT for training purposes, and corresponding activities.

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Rethinking Data Augmentation for Low-Resource Neural Machine Translation: A Multi-Task Learning Approach
Víctor M. Sánchez-Cartagena | Miquel Esplà-Gomis | Juan Antonio Pérez-Ortiz | Felipe Sánchez-Martínez
Proceedings of the 2021 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing

In the context of neural machine translation, data augmentation (DA) techniques may be used for generating additional training samples when the available parallel data are scarce. Many DA approaches aim at expanding the support of the empirical data distribution by generating new sentence pairs that contain infrequent words, thus making it closer to the true data distribution of parallel sentences. In this paper, we propose to follow a completely different approach and present a multi-task DA approach in which we generate new sentence pairs with transformations, such as reversing the order of the target sentence, which produce unfluent target sentences. During training, these augmented sentences are used as auxiliary tasks in a multi-task framework with the aim of providing new contexts where the target prefix is not informative enough to predict the next word. This strengthens the encoder and forces the decoder to pay more attention to the source representations of the encoder. Experiments carried out on six low-resource translation tasks show consistent improvements over the baseline and over DA methods aiming at extending the support of the empirical data distribution. The systems trained with our approach rely more on the source tokens, are more robust against domain shift and suffer less hallucinations.

2020

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A multi-source approach for Breton–French hybrid machine translation
Víctor M. Sánchez-Cartagena | Mikel L. Forcada | Felipe Sánchez-Martínez
Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Conference of the European Association for Machine Translation

Corpus-based approaches to machine translation (MT) have difficulties when the amount of parallel corpora to use for training is scarce, especially if the languages involved in the translation are highly inflected. This problem can be addressed from different perspectives, including data augmentation, transfer learning, and the use of additional resources, such as those used in rule-based MT. This paper focuses on the hybridisation of rule-based MT and neural MT for the Breton–French under-resourced language pair in an attempt to study to what extent the rule-based MT resources help improve the translation quality of the neural MT system for this particular under-resourced language pair. We combine both translation approaches in a multi-source neural MT architecture and find out that, even though the rule-based system has a low performance according to automatic evaluation metrics, using it leads to improved translation quality.

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An English-Swahili parallel corpus and its use for neural machine translation in the news domain
Felipe Sánchez-Martínez | Víctor M. Sánchez-Cartagena | Juan Antonio Pérez-Ortiz | Mikel L. Forcada | Miquel Esplà-Gomis | Andrew Secker | Susie Coleman | Julie Wall
Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Conference of the European Association for Machine Translation

This paper describes our approach to create a neural machine translation system to translate between English and Swahili (both directions) in the news domain, as well as the process we followed to crawl the necessary parallel corpora from the Internet. We report the results of a pilot human evaluation performed by the news media organisations participating in the H2020 EU-funded project GoURMET.

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Understanding the effects of word-level linguistic annotations in under-resourced neural machine translation
Víctor M. Sánchez-Cartagena | Juan Antonio Pérez-Ortiz | Felipe Sánchez-Martínez
Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Computational Linguistics

This paper studies the effects of word-level linguistic annotations in under-resourced neural machine translation, for which there is incomplete evidence in the literature. The study covers eight language pairs, different training corpus sizes, two architectures, and three types of annotation: dummy tags (with no linguistic information at all), part-of-speech tags, and morpho-syntactic description tags, which consist of part of speech and morphological features. These linguistic annotations are interleaved in the input or output streams as a single tag placed before each word. In order to measure the performance under each scenario, we use automatic evaluation metrics and perform automatic error classification. Our experiments show that, in general, source-language annotations are helpful and morpho-syntactic descriptions outperform part of speech for some language pairs. On the contrary, when words are annotated in the target language, part-of-speech tags systematically outperform morpho-syntactic description tags in terms of automatic evaluation metrics, even though the use of morpho-syntactic description tags improves the grammaticality of the output. We provide a detailed analysis of the reasons behind this result.

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Bicleaner at WMT 2020: Universitat d’Alacant-Prompsit’s submission to the parallel corpus filtering shared task
Miquel Esplà-Gomis | Víctor M. Sánchez-Cartagena | Jaume Zaragoza-Bernabeu | Felipe Sánchez-Martínez
Proceedings of the Fifth Conference on Machine Translation

This paper describes the joint submission of Universitat d’Alacant and Prompsit Language Engineering to the WMT 2020 shared task on parallel corpus filtering. Our submission, based on the free/open-source tool Bicleaner, enhances it with Extremely Randomised Trees and lexical similarity features that account for the frequency of the words in the parallel sentences to determine if two sentences are parallel. To train this classifier we used the clean corpora provided for the task and synthetic noisy parallel sentences. In addition we re-score the output of Bicleaner using character-level language models and n-gram saturation.

2019

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The Universitat d’Alacant Submissions to the English-to-Kazakh News Translation Task at WMT 2019
Víctor M. Sánchez-Cartagena | Juan Antonio Pérez-Ortiz | Felipe Sánchez-Martínez
Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Machine Translation (Volume 2: Shared Task Papers, Day 1)

This paper describes the two submissions of Universitat d’Alacant to the English-to-Kazakh news translation task at WMT 2019. Our submissions take advantage of monolingual data and parallel data from other language pairs by means of iterative backtranslation, pivot backtranslation and transfer learning. They also use linguistic information in two ways: morphological segmentation of Kazakh text, and integration of the output of a rule-based machine translation system. Our systems were ranked second in terms of chrF++ despite being built from an ensemble of only 2 independent training runs.

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Improving Translations by Combining Fuzzy-Match Repair with Automatic Post-Editing
John Ortega | Felipe Sánchez-Martínez | Marco Turchi | Matteo Negri
Proceedings of Machine Translation Summit XVII: Research Track

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Global Under-Resourced Media Translation (GoURMET)
Alexandra Birch | Barry Haddow | Ivan Tito | Antonio Valerio Miceli Barone | Rachel Bawden | Felipe Sánchez-Martínez | Mikel L. Forcada | Miquel Esplà-Gomis | Víctor Sánchez-Cartagena | Juan Antonio Pérez-Ortiz | Wilker Aziz | Andrew Secker | Peggy van der Kreeft
Proceedings of Machine Translation Summit XVII: Translator, Project and User Tracks

2018

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UAlacant machine translation quality estimation at WMT 2018: a simple approach using phrase tables and feed-forward neural networks
Felipe Sánchez-Martínez | Miquel Esplà-Gomis | Mikel L. Forcada
Proceedings of the Third Conference on Machine Translation: Shared Task Papers

We describe the Universitat d’Alacant submissions to the word- and sentence-level machine translation (MT) quality estimation (QE) shared task at WMT 2018. Our approach to word-level MT QE builds on previous work to mark the words in the machine-translated sentence as OK or BAD, and is extended to determine if a word or sequence of words need to be inserted in the gap after each word. Our sentence-level submission simply uses the edit operations predicted by the word-level approach to approximate TER. The method presented ranked first in the sub-task of identifying insertions in gaps for three out of the six datasets, and second in the rest of them.

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Proceedings of the 21st Annual Conference of the European Association for Machine Translation
Juan Antonio Pérez-Ortiz | Felipe Sánchez-Martínez | Miquel Esplà-Gomis | Maja Popović | Celia Rico | André Martins | Joachim Van den Bogaert | Mikel L. Forcada
Proceedings of the 21st Annual Conference of the European Association for Machine Translation

2017

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One-parameter models for sentence-level post-editing effort estimation
Mikel L. Forcada | Miquel Esplà-Gomis | Felipe Sánchez-Martínez | Lucia Specia
Proceedings of Machine Translation Summit XVI: Research Track

2016

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UAlacant word-level and phrase-level machine translation quality estimation systems at WMT 2016
Miquel Esplà-Gomis | Felipe Sánchez-Martínez | Mikel Forcada
Proceedings of the First Conference on Machine Translation: Volume 2, Shared Task Papers

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Fuzzy-match repair using black-box machine translation systems: what can be expected?
John Ortega | Felipe Sánchez-Martínez | Mikel Forcada
Conferences of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: MT Researchers' Track

Computer-aided translation (CAT) tools often use a translation memory (TM) as the key resource to assist translators. A TM contains translation units (TU) which are made up of source and target language segments; translators use the target segments in the TU suggested by the CAT tool by converting them into the desired translation. Proposals from TMs could be made more useful by using techniques such as fuzzy-match repair (FMR) which modify words in the target segment corresponding to mismatches identified in the source segment. Modifications in the target segment are done by translating the mismatched source sub-segments using an external source of bilingual information (SBI) and applying the translations to the corresponding positions in the target segment. Several combinations of translated sub-segments can be applied to the target segment which can produce multiple repair candidates. We provide a formal algorithmic description of a method that is capable of using any SBI to generate all possible fuzzy-match repairs and perform an oracle evaluation on three different language pairs to ascertain the potential of the method to improve translation productivity. Using DGT-TM translation memories and the machine system Apertium as the single source to build repair operators in three different language pairs, we show that the best repaired fuzzy matches are consistently closer to reference translations than either machine-translated segments or unrepaired fuzzy matches.

2015

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UAlacant word-level machine translation quality estimation system at WMT 2015
Miquel Esplà-Gomis | Felipe Sánchez-Martínez | Mikel Forcada
Proceedings of the Tenth Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation

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Proceedings of the 18th Annual Conference of the European Association for Machine Translation
İlknur Durgar El-Kahlout | Mehmed Özkan | Felipe Sánchez-Martínez | Gema Ramírez-Sánchez | Fred Hollowood | Andy Way
Proceedings of the 18th Annual Conference of the European Association for Machine Translation

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Using on-line available sources of bilingual information for word-level machine translation quality estimation
Miquel Esplà-Gomis | Felipe Sánchez-Martínez | Mikel L. Forcada
Proceedings of the 18th Annual Conference of the European Association for Machine Translation

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A general framework for minimizing translation effort: towards a principled combination of translation technologies in computer-aided translation
Mikel L. Forcada | Felipe Sánchez-Martínez
Proceedings of the 18th Annual Conference of the European Association for Machine Translation

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Unsupervised training of maximum-entropy models for lexical selection in rule-based machine translation
Francis M. Tyers | Felipe Sánchez-Martínez | Mikel L. Forcada
Proceedings of the 18th Annual Conference of the European Association for Machine Translation

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Proceedings of the 18th Annual Conference of the European Association for Machine Translation
İIknur El‐Kahlout | Mehmed Özkan | Felipe Sánchez‐Martínez | Gema Ramírez‐Sánchez | Fred Hollywood | Andy Way
Proceedings of the 18th Annual Conference of the European Association for Machine Translation

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Using on-line available sources of bilingual information for word-level machine translation quality estimation
Miquel Esplà-Gomis | Felipe Sánchez-Martínez | Mikel L. Forcada
Proceedings of the 18th Annual Conference of the European Association for Machine Translation

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A general framework for minimizing translation effort: towards a principled combination of translation technologies in computer-aided translation
Mikel L. Forcada | Felipe Sánchez-Martínez
Proceedings of the 18th Annual Conference of the European Association for Machine Translation

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Unsupervised training of maximum-entropy models for lexical selection i in rule-based machine translation
Francis M. Tyers | Felipe Sánchez-Martinez | Mikel L. Forcada
Proceedings of the 18th Annual Conference of the European Association for Machine Translation

2014

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Using any machine translation source for fuzzy-match repair in a computer-aided translation setting
John E. Ortega | Felipe Sánchez-Martinez | Mikel L. Forcada
Proceedings of the 11th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: MT Researchers Track

When a computer-assisted translation (CAT) tool does not find an exact match for the source segment to translate in its translation memory (TM), translators must use fuzzy matches that come from translation units in the translation memory that do not completely match the source segment. We explore the use of a fuzzy-match repair technique called patching to repair translation proposals from a TM in a CAT environment using any available machine translation system, or any external bilingual source, regardless of its internals. Patching attempts to aid CAT tool users by repairing fuzzy matches and proposing improved translations. Our results show that patching improves the quality of translation proposals and reduces the amount of edit operations to perform, especially when a specific set of restrictions is applied.

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Abu-MaTran at WMT 2014 Translation Task: Two-step Data Selection and RBMT-Style Synthetic Rules
Raphael Rubino | Antonio Toral | Victor M. Sánchez-Cartagena | Jorge Ferrández-Tordera | Sergio Ortiz-Rojas | Gema Ramírez-Sánchez | Felipe Sánchez-Martínez | Andy Way
Proceedings of the Ninth Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation

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The UA-Prompsit hybrid machine translation system for the 2014 Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation
Víctor M. Sánchez-Cartagena | Juan Antonio Pérez-Ortiz | Felipe Sánchez-Martínez
Proceedings of the Ninth Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation

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An efficient method to assist non-expert users in extending dictionaries by assigning stems and inflectional paradigms to unknknown words
Miquel Esplà-Gomis | Víctor M. Sánchez-Cartegna | Felipe Sánchez-Martínez | Rafael C. Carrasco | Mikel L. Forcada | Juan Antonio Pérez-Ortiz
Proceedings of the 17th Annual Conference of the European Association for Machine Translation

2012

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UAlacant: Using Online Machine Translation for Cross-Lingual Textual Entailment
Miquel Esplà-Gomis | Felipe Sánchez-Martínez | Mikel L. Forcada
*SEM 2012: The First Joint Conference on Lexical and Computational Semantics – Volume 1: Proceedings of the main conference and the shared task, and Volume 2: Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval 2012)

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Flexible finite-state lexical selection for rule-based machine translation
Francis M. Tyers | Felipe Sánchez-Martínez | Mikel L. Forcada
Proceedings of the 16th Annual Conference of the European Association for Machine Translation

2011

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Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Free/Open-Source Rule-Based Machine Translation
Felipe Sánchez-Martinez | Juan Antonio Pérez-Ortiz
Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Free/Open-Source Rule-Based Machine Translation

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Enriching a statistical machine translation system trained on small parallel corpora with rule-based bilingual phrases
Víctor M. Sánchez-Cartagena | Felipe Sánchez-Martínez | Juan Antonio Pérez-Ortiz
Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2011

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The Universitat d’Alacant hybrid machine translation system for WMT 2011
Víctor M. Sánchez-Cartagena | Felipe Sánchez-Martínez | Juan Antonio Pérez-Ortiz
Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation

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Using word alignments to assist computer-aided translation users by marking which target-side words to change or keep unedited
Miquel Esplà | Felipe Sánchez-Martínez | Mikel L. Forcada
Proceedings of the 15th Annual Conference of the European Association for Machine Translation

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Choosing the best machine translation system to translate a sentence by using only source-language information
Felipe Sánchez-Martínez
Proceedings of the 15th Annual Conference of the European Association for Machine Translation

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Using machine translation in computer-aided translation to suggest the target-side words to change
Miquel Esplà-Gomis | Felipe Sánchez-Martínez | Mikel L. Forcada
Proceedings of Machine Translation Summit XIII: Papers

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Integrating shallow-transfer rules into phrase-based statistical machine translation
Víctor M. Sánchez-Cartagena | Felipe Sánchez-Martínez | Juan Antonio Pérez-Ortiz
Proceedings of Machine Translation Summit XIII: Papers

2009

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Marker-Based Filtering of Bilingual Phrase Pairs for SMT
Felipe Sánchez-Martínez | Andy Way
Proceedings of the 13th Annual Conference of the European Association for Machine Translation

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Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Free/Open-Source Rule-Based Machine Translation
Juan Antonio Pérez-Ortiz | Felipe Sánchez-Martinez | Francis M. Tyers
Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Free/Open-Source Rule-Based Machine Translation

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A trigram part-of-speech tagger for the Apertium free/open-source machine translation platform
Zaid Md Abdul Wahab Sheikh | Felipe Sánchez-Martínez
Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Free/Open-Source Rule-Based Machine Translation

This paper describes the implementation of a second-order hidden Markov model (HMM) based part-of-speech tagger for the Apertium free/opensource rule-based machine translation platform. We describe the part-ofspeech (PoS) tagging approach in Apertium and how it is parametrised through a tagger definition file that defines: (1) the set of tags to be used and (2) constrain rules that can be used to forbid certain PoS tag sequences, thus refining the HMM parameters and increasing its tagging accuracy. The paper also reviews the Baum-Welch algorithm used to estimate the HMM parameters and compares the tagging accuracy achieved with that achieved by the original, first-order HMM-based PoS tagger in Apertium.

2007

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Automatic induction of shallow-transfer rules for open-source machine translation
Felipe Sánchez-Martínez | Mikel L. Forcada
Proceedings of the 11th Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages: Papers

2005

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An Open-Source Shallow-Transfer Machine Translation Toolbox: Consequences of Its Release and Availability
Carme Armentano-Oller | Antonio M. Corbí-Bellot | Mikel L. Forcada | Mireia Ginestí-Rosell | Boyan Bonev | Sergio Ortiz-Rojas | Juan Antonio Pérez-Ortiz | Gema Ramírez-Sánchez | Felipe Sánchez-Martínez
Workshop on open-source machine translation

By the time Machine Translation Summit X is held in September 2005, our group will have released an open-source machine translation toolbox as part of a large government-funded project involving four universities and three linguistic technology companies from Spain. The machine translation toolbox, which will most likely be released under a GPL-like license includes (a) the open-source engine itself, a modular shallow-transfer machine translation engine suitable for related languages and largely based upon that of systems we have already developed, such as interNOSTRUM for Spanish—Catalan and Traductor Universia for Spanish—Portuguese, (b) extensive documentation (including document type declarations) specifying the XML format of all linguistic (dictionaries, rules) and document format management files, (c) compilers converting these data into the high-speed (tens of thousands of words a second) format used by the engine, and (d) pilot linguistic data for Spanish—Catalan and Spanish—Galician and format management specifications for the HTML, RTF and plain text formats. After describing very briefly this toolbox, this paper aims at exploring possible consequences of the availability of this architecture, including the community-driven development of machine translation systems for languages lacking this kind of linguistic technology.

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An open-source shallow-transfer machine translation engine for the Romance languages of Spain
Antonio M. Corbi-Bellot | Mikel L. Forcada | Sergio Ortíz-Rojas | Juan Antonio Pérez-Ortiz | Gema Ramírez-Sánchez | Felipe Sánchez-Martínez | Iñaki Alegria | Aingeru Mayor | Kepa Sarasola
Proceedings of the 10th EAMT Conference: Practical applications of machine translation

2004

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Cooperative unsupervised training of the part-of-speech taggers in a bidirectional machine translation system
Felipe Sánchez-Martínez | Juan Antonio Pérez-Ortiz | Mikel L. Forcada
Proceedings of the 10th Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages