Abstract
With the ever-growing presence of social media platforms comes the increased spread of harmful content and the need for robust hate speech detection systems. Such systems easily overfit to specific targets and keywords, and evaluating them without considering distribution shifts that might occur between train and test data overestimates their benefit. We challenge hate speech models via new train-test splits of existing datasets that rely on the clustering of models’ hidden representations. We present two split variants (Subset-Sum-Split and Closest-Split) that, when applied to two datasets using four pretrained models, reveal how models catastrophically fail on blind spots in the latent space. This result generalises when developing a split with one model and evaluating it on another. Our analysis suggests that there is no clear surface-level property of the data split that correlates with the decreased performance, which underscores that task difficulty is not always humanly interpretable. We recommend incorporating latent feature-based splits in model development and release two splits via the GenBench benchmark.- Anthology ID:
- 2023.genbench-1.9
- Volume:
- Proceedings of the 1st GenBench Workshop on (Benchmarking) Generalisation in NLP
- Month:
- December
- Year:
- 2023
- Address:
- Singapore
- Editors:
- Dieuwke Hupkes, Verna Dankers, Khuyagbaatar Batsuren, Koustuv Sinha, Amirhossein Kazemnejad, Christos Christodoulopoulos, Ryan Cotterell, Elia Bruni
- Venues:
- GenBench | WS
- SIG:
- Publisher:
- Association for Computational Linguistics
- Note:
- Pages:
- 112–129
- Language:
- URL:
- https://aclanthology.org/2023.genbench-1.9
- DOI:
- 10.18653/v1/2023.genbench-1.9
- Cite (ACL):
- Maike Züfle, Verna Dankers, and Ivan Titov. 2023. Latent Feature-based Data Splits to Improve Generalisation Evaluation: A Hate Speech Detection Case Study. In Proceedings of the 1st GenBench Workshop on (Benchmarking) Generalisation in NLP, pages 112–129, Singapore. Association for Computational Linguistics.
- Cite (Informal):
- Latent Feature-based Data Splits to Improve Generalisation Evaluation: A Hate Speech Detection Case Study (Züfle et al., GenBench-WS 2023)
- PDF:
- https://preview.aclanthology.org/nschneid-patch-5/2023.genbench-1.9.pdf