Dataset Bias Mitigation in Multiple-Choice Visual Question Answering and Beyond

Zhecan Wang, Long Chen, Haoxuan You, Keyang Xu, Yicheng He, Wenhao Li, Noel Codella, Kai-Wei Chang, Shih-Fu Chang

Abstract
Vision-language (VL) understanding tasks evaluate models’ comprehension of complex visual scenes through multiple-choice questions. However, we have identified two dataset biases that models can exploit as shortcuts to resolve various VL tasks correctly without proper understanding. The first type of dataset bias is Unbalanced Matching bias, where the correct answer overlaps the question and image more than the incorrect answers. The second type of dataset bias is Distractor Similarity bias, where incorrect answers are overly dissimilar to the correct answer but significantly similar to other incorrect answers within the same sample. To address these dataset biases, we first propose Adversarial Data Synthesis (ADS) to generate synthetic training and debiased evaluation data. We then introduce Intra-sample Counterfactual Training (ICT) to assist models in utilizing the synthesized training data, particularly the counterfactual data, via focusing on intra-sample differentiation. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of ADS and ICT in consistently improving model performance across different benchmarks, even in domain-shifted scenarios.
Anthology ID:
2023.findings-emnlp.576
Volume:
Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2023
Month:
December
Year:
2023
Address:
Singapore
Editors:
Houda Bouamor, Juan Pino, Kalika Bali
Venue:
Findings
SIG:
Publisher:
Association for Computational Linguistics
Note:
Pages:
8598–8617
Language:
URL:
https://aclanthology.org/2023.findings-emnlp.576
DOI:
10.18653/v1/2023.findings-emnlp.576
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Zhecan Wang, Long Chen, Haoxuan You, Keyang Xu, Yicheng He, Wenhao Li, Noel Codella, Kai-Wei Chang, and Shih-Fu Chang. 2023. Dataset Bias Mitigation in Multiple-Choice Visual Question Answering and Beyond. In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2023, pages 8598–8617, Singapore. Association for Computational Linguistics.
Cite (Informal):
Dataset Bias Mitigation in Multiple-Choice Visual Question Answering and Beyond (Wang et al., Findings 2023)
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https://preview.aclanthology.org/nschneid-patch-5/2023.findings-emnlp.576.pdf
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