Extract and Attend: Improving Entity Translation in Neural Machine Translation

Zixin Zeng, Rui Wang, Yichong Leng, Junliang Guo, Shufang Xie, Xu Tan, Tao Qin, Tie-Yan Liu


Abstract
While Neural Machine Translation (NMT) has achieved great progress in recent years, it still suffers from inaccurate translation of entities (e.g., person/organization name, location), due to the lack of entity training instances. When we humans encounter an unknown entity during translation, we usually first look up in a dictionary and then organize the entity translation together with the translations of other parts to form a smooth target sentence. Inspired by this translation process, we propose an Extract-and-Attend approach to enhance entity translation in NMT, where the translation candidates of source entities are first extracted from a dictionary and then attended to by the NMT model to generate the target sentence. Specifically, the translation candidates are extracted by first detecting the entities in a source sentence and then translating the entities through looking up in a dictionary. Then, the extracted candidates are added as a prefix of the decoder input to be attended to by the decoder when generating the target sentence through self-attention. Experiments conducted on En-Zh and En-Ru demonstrate that the proposed method is effective on improving both the translation accuracy of entities and the overall translation quality, with up to 35% reduction on entity error rate and 0.85 gain on BLEU and 13.8 gain on COMET.
Anthology ID:
2023.findings-acl.107
Volume:
Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2023
Month:
July
Year:
2023
Address:
Toronto, Canada
Editors:
Anna Rogers, Jordan Boyd-Graber, Naoaki Okazaki
Venue:
Findings
SIG:
Publisher:
Association for Computational Linguistics
Note:
Pages:
1697–1710
Language:
URL:
https://aclanthology.org/2023.findings-acl.107
DOI:
10.18653/v1/2023.findings-acl.107
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Zixin Zeng, Rui Wang, Yichong Leng, Junliang Guo, Shufang Xie, Xu Tan, Tao Qin, and Tie-Yan Liu. 2023. Extract and Attend: Improving Entity Translation in Neural Machine Translation. In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2023, pages 1697–1710, Toronto, Canada. Association for Computational Linguistics.
Cite (Informal):
Extract and Attend: Improving Entity Translation in Neural Machine Translation (Zeng et al., Findings 2023)
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PDF:
https://preview.aclanthology.org/nschneid-patch-5/2023.findings-acl.107.pdf