Large Language Models as Financial Data Annotators: A Study on Effectiveness and Efficiency
Toyin D. Aguda, Suchetha Siddagangappa, Elena Kochkina, Simerjot Kaur, Dongsheng Wang, Charese Smiley
Abstract
Collecting labeled datasets in finance is challenging due to scarcity of domain experts and higher cost of employing them. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance in data annotation tasks on general domain datasets, their effectiveness on domain specific datasets remains under-explored. To address this gap, we investigate the potential of LLMs as efficient data annotators for extracting relations in financial documents. We compare the annotations produced by three LLMs (GPT-4, PaLM 2, and MPT Instruct) against expert annotators and crowdworkers. We demonstrate that the current state-of-the-art LLMs can be sufficient alternatives to non-expert crowdworkers. We analyze models using various prompts and parameter settings and find that customizing the prompts for each relation group by providing specific examples belonging to those groups is paramount. Furthermore, we introduce a reliability index (LLM-RelIndex) used to identify outputs that may require expert attention. Finally, we perform an extensive time, cost and error analysis and provide recommendations for the collection and usage of automated annotations in domain-specific settings.- Anthology ID:
- 2024.lrec-main.885
- Volume:
- Proceedings of the 2024 Joint International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC-COLING 2024)
- Month:
- May
- Year:
- 2024
- Address:
- Torino, Italia
- Editors:
- Nicoletta Calzolari, Min-Yen Kan, Veronique Hoste, Alessandro Lenci, Sakriani Sakti, Nianwen Xue
- Venues:
- LREC | COLING
- SIG:
- Publisher:
- ELRA and ICCL
- Note:
- Pages:
- 10124–10145
- Language:
- URL:
- https://aclanthology.org/2024.lrec-main.885
- DOI:
- Cite (ACL):
- Toyin D. Aguda, Suchetha Siddagangappa, Elena Kochkina, Simerjot Kaur, Dongsheng Wang, and Charese Smiley. 2024. Large Language Models as Financial Data Annotators: A Study on Effectiveness and Efficiency. In Proceedings of the 2024 Joint International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC-COLING 2024), pages 10124–10145, Torino, Italia. ELRA and ICCL.
- Cite (Informal):
- Large Language Models as Financial Data Annotators: A Study on Effectiveness and Efficiency (Aguda et al., LREC-COLING 2024)
- PDF:
- https://preview.aclanthology.org/nschneid-patch-4/2024.lrec-main.885.pdf