@article{cordeiro-etal-2019-unsupervised,
    title = "Unsupervised Compositionality Prediction of Nominal Compounds",
    author = "Cordeiro, Silvio  and
      Villavicencio, Aline  and
      Idiart, Marco  and
      Ramisch, Carlos",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "45",
    number = "1",
    month = mar,
    year = "2019",
    address = "Cambridge, MA",
    publisher = "MIT Press",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/J19-1001",
    doi = "10.1162/coli_a_00341",
    pages = "1--57",
    abstract = "Nominal compounds such as red wine and nut case display a continuum of compositionality, with varying contributions from the components of the compound to its semantics. This article proposes a framework for compound compositionality prediction using distributional semantic models, evaluating to what extent they capture idiomaticity compared to human judgments. For evaluation, we introduce data sets containing human judgments in three languages: English, French, and Portuguese. The results obtained reveal a high agreement between the models and human predictions, suggesting that they are able to incorporate information about idiomaticity. We also present an in-depth evaluation of various factors that can affect prediction, such as model and corpus parameters and compositionality operations. General crosslingual analyses reveal the impact of morphological variation and corpus size in the ability of the model to predict compositionality, and of a uniform combination of the components for best results.",
}