Multilingual LLMs are Better Cross-lingual In-context Learners with Alignment

Eshaan Tanwar, Subhabrata Dutta, Manish Borthakur, Tanmoy Chakraborty


Abstract
In-context learning (ICL) unfolds as large language models become capable of inferring test labels conditioned on a few labeled samples without any gradient update. ICL-enabled large language models provide a promising step forward toward bypassing recurrent annotation costs in a low-resource setting. Yet, only a handful of past studies have explored ICL in a cross-lingual setting, in which the need for transferring label-knowledge from a high-resource language to a low-resource one is immensely crucial. To bridge the gap, we provide the first in-depth analysis of ICL for cross-lingual text classification. We find that the prevalent mode of selecting random input-label pairs to construct the prompt-context is severely limited in the case of cross-lingual ICL, primarily due to the lack of alignment in the input as well as the output spaces. To mitigate this, we propose a novel prompt construction strategy — Cross-lingual In-context Source Target Alignment (X-InSTA). With an injected coherence in the semantics of the input examples and a task-based alignment across the source and target languages, X-InSTA is able to outperform random prompt selection by a large margin across three different tasks using 44 different cross-lingual pairs.
Anthology ID:
2023.acl-long.346
Volume:
Proceedings of the 61st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)
Month:
July
Year:
2023
Address:
Toronto, Canada
Editors:
Anna Rogers, Jordan Boyd-Graber, Naoaki Okazaki
Venue:
ACL
SIG:
Publisher:
Association for Computational Linguistics
Note:
Pages:
6292–6307
Language:
URL:
https://aclanthology.org/2023.acl-long.346
DOI:
10.18653/v1/2023.acl-long.346
Award:
 Outstanding Paper Award
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Eshaan Tanwar, Subhabrata Dutta, Manish Borthakur, and Tanmoy Chakraborty. 2023. Multilingual LLMs are Better Cross-lingual In-context Learners with Alignment. In Proceedings of the 61st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers), pages 6292–6307, Toronto, Canada. Association for Computational Linguistics.
Cite (Informal):
Multilingual LLMs are Better Cross-lingual In-context Learners with Alignment (Tanwar et al., ACL 2023)
Copy Citation:
PDF:
https://preview.aclanthology.org/nschneid-patch-2/2023.acl-long.346.pdf
Video:
 https://preview.aclanthology.org/nschneid-patch-2/2023.acl-long.346.mp4