@inproceedings{zhang-etal-2021-negation,
    title = "Negation Scope Resolution for {C}hinese as a Second Language",
    author = "Zhang, Mengyu  and
      Wang, Weiqi  and
      Sun, Shuqiao  and
      Sun, Weiwei",
    editor = "Burstein, Jill  and
      Horbach, Andrea  and
      Kochmar, Ekaterina  and
      Laarmann-Quante, Ronja  and
      Leacock, Claudia  and
      Madnani, Nitin  and
      Pil{\'a}n, Ildik{\'o}  and
      Yannakoudakis, Helen  and
      Zesch, Torsten",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 16th Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications",
    month = apr,
    year = "2021",
    address = "Online",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2021.bea-1.1",
    pages = "1--10",
    abstract = "This paper studies Negation Scope Resolution (NSR) for Chinese as a Second Language (CSL), which shows many unique characteristics that distinguish itself from {``}standard{''} Chinese. We annotate a new moderate-sized corpus that covers two background L1 languages, viz. English and Japanese. We build a neural NSR system, which achieves a new state-of-the-art accuracy on English benchmark data. We leverage this system to gauge how successful NSR for CSL can be. Different native language backgrounds of language learners result in unequal cross-lingual transfer, which has a significant impact on processing second language data. In particular, manual annotation, empirical evaluation and error analysis indicate two non-obvious facts: 1) L2-Chinese, L1-Japanese data are more difficult to analyze and thus annotate than L2-Chinese, L1-English data; 2) computational models trained on L2-Chinese, L1-Japanese data perform better than models trained on L2-Chinese, L1-English data.",
}