<article_title>Bryozoa</article_title>
<edit_user>Philcha</edit_user>
<edit_time>Wednesday, August 12, 2009 7:13:05 PM CEST</edit_time>
<edit_comment>/* Reproduction and development */ Phylactolaemata &amp;amp; statoblasts; adhesive sac</edit_comment>
<edit_text>Bryozoan larvae vary in form, but all have a band of cilia round the body which enables them to swim,<strong><strike> and</strike></strong> a tuft of cilia at the top, and an adhesive sac that everts and anchors them when they settle on a surface.&lt;ref name=&quot;RuppertFoxBarnesBryozoa&quot; /&gt; A few species produce cyphonautes larvae which have little yolk but a well-developed mouth and gut, and live as plankton for a considerable time before settling. These larvae have triangular shells of chitin, with one corner at the top and the base open, forming a hood round the downward-facing mouth.&lt;ref name=&quot;Doherty2001EctoproctaInAnderson&quot; /&gt; In 2006 it was reported that the cilial of cyphonautes larvae use the same range of techniques as those of adults to capture food.&lt;ref&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Species that brood their embryos form larvae that are nourished by large yolks, have no gut and do not feed, and such larvae quickly settle on a surface.&lt;ref name=&quot;RuppertFoxBarnesBryozoa&quot; /&gt; In all marine species the larvae produce cocoons in which they metamorphose completely after settling: the larva's epidermis becomes the lining of the coelom, and the internal tissues are converted to a food reserve that nourishes the developing zooid until it is ready to feed.&lt;ref name=&quot;RuppertFoxBarnesBryozoa&quot; /&gt; The larvae of freshwater bryozoans produce multiple polypides, so that the new colony starts with several zooids.&lt;ref name=&quot;RuppertFoxBarnesBryozoa&quot; /&gt; In all species the founder zooids then grow the new colonies by budding clones of themselves. In freshwater species, zooids die after producing several clones, so that living zooids are found only round the edges of a colony.&lt;ref name=&quot;RuppertFoxBarnesBryozoa&quot; /&gt;</edit_text>
<turn_user>Philcha<turn_user>
<turn_time>Thursday, August 13, 2009 10:30:09 AM CEST</turn_time>
<turn_topicname>Sources & notes</turn_topicname>
<turn_topictext>Hopefully useful for getting this to GA --Philcha (talk) 17:31, 30 May 2009 (UTC)
General
http://www.earthlife.net/inverts/bryozoa.html - very probably not WP:RS, but useful checklist of points, incl. specialisation.
http://www.sms.si.edu/IRLSpec/IntroBryozoa.htm - nice dgms
http://www.reefkeeping.com/issues/2003-10/rs/index.php - excellent dgm of encrusting species, get Graphics Lab on this.
http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=_ntSspji0LYC&amp;pg=PA142&amp;lpg=PA142&amp;dq=bryozoans&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=oFvbdp1jpK&amp;sig=fvzeBPk8Z68Dy7LJDWVeXwh7vBM&amp;hl=en&amp;ei=fswfSpmtCODNjAfPu4nUBg&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;ct=result&amp;resnum=5#PPA142,M1 - how to distinguish from corals; dgm of fossil; hard parts not exposed
http://icb.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/42/3/685 (Nielsen; 2002; Integrative and Comparative Biology, 42(3):685-691; doi:10.1093/icb/42.3.685)
Classification
http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&amp;search_value=155470 - the "official" name
Feeding
http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/286214?journalCode=an (Eckman &amp; Okamura; Am Nat 1998. Vol. 152, pp. 861–880; DOI: 10.1086/286214) - effects of zooid spacing &amp; waterflow on feeding.
http://icb.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/icn052v1 - effect of flow rate; invasive
http://www.bowdoin.edu/~mpratt/pratt_2004.pdf (Pratt; 2004; Biol. Bull. 207: 17–27) - also at http://www.jstor.org/pss/1543625 and http://www.biolbull.org/cgi/content/abstract/207/1/17
http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/118558195/abstract (Strathmann; 2006; Acta Zoologica)
Reproduction &amp; life cycle
http://biology.bangor.ac.uk/~bss018/pdfpublications/Hughesetal2005.pdf (Hughes et al; 2005; Biol. Lett.; 1, 178–180; doi:10.1098/rsbl.2004.0259)
Ecology
http://icb.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/icn052v1 - effect of flow rate; invasive
http://www2.biology.sc.chula.ac.th/web%20of%20NHJCU%20PDF/6-1,31-36.pdf
http://www.cababstractsplus.orabstracts/Abstract.aspx?AcNo=20000804583 (Anderson, C. L., Canning, E. U., Okamura, B.;)
http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&amp;cpsidt=18888422 (Puce et al; International Symbiosis Society Congress, 2007)
http://www.springerlink.com/content/e8u5274k03q26483/ (Massard &amp; Geimer; 2008; Hydrobiologia) - updated at http://massard.info/pdf/SNL_2008_109_139_148.pdf (Massard &amp; Geimer; 2008; Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb.)
http://www.int-res.com/articles/dao2004/57/d057p221.pdf (Tops &amp; Okamura; Diseases of aquatic organisms; 2003)
http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/118558195/abstract (Strathmann; 2006; Acta Zoologica)
And humans
http://www.imh.mug.edu.pl/attachment/attachment/4761/2008t4.pdf
http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=KJBKC4qvV8AC&amp;pg=RA5-PA116&amp;lpg=RA5-PA116&amp;dq=bryozoa+marine+tropical&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=99qfGjfLns&amp;sig=iDp9VOXt_n8vM2kUDja0WYgFDu0&amp;hl=en&amp;ei=4S6BSoWsDqCsjAfhzKn4Cg&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;ct=result&amp;resnum=10#v=onepage&amp;q=&amp;f=false by Robert Wynn Jones (), pub. : "Dogger bank itch", possibly due to chemical defences (p. 116) --Philcha (talk) 09:08, 11 August 2009 (UTC)
http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=7eg2mgVcMCcC&amp;pg=PA41&amp;lpg=PA41&amp;dq=bryozoans&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=u_4zf1Z1_w&amp;sig=QBBJX2KNWA34r50BRoqksDXeSeU&amp;hl=en&amp;ei=fswfSpmtCODNjAfPu4nUBg&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;ct=result&amp;resnum=10 - rapid colonisers-&gt;they foul boats, etc.
http://www.publish.csiro.au/paper/MF08321.htm (Smith; 2009; Marine and Freshwater Research 60(5) 475–482; DOI: 10.1071/MF08321) - measuring "the next global challenge: ocean acidification"
I've seen hints of medicinal uses.
http://www.int-res.com/articles/dao2004/57/d057p221.pdf (Tops &amp; Okamura; Diseases of aquatic organisms; 2003) - serious for salmon fisheries &amp; farms
Fossil record
http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3790/is_200711/ai_n21137447/ (Journal of Paleontology , Nov 2007; Xia et al; http://jpaleontol.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/content/abstract/81/6/1308)
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&amp;_udi=B83WC-4VS40GN-1&amp;_user=10&amp;_rdoc=1&amp;_fmt=&amp;_orig=search&amp;_sort=d&amp;view=c&amp;_acct=C000050221&amp;_version=1&amp;_urlVersion=0&amp;_userid=10&amp;md5=83614fd4edbfff05d2939797299e2173 (Zhang &amp; same Chinese team; Palaeoworld Volume 18, Issue 1, March 2009, Pages 67-73)
http://www.springerlink.com/content/98x223t25ku46q16/ - early colonisers, stabilise surfaces
http://www.geology.cz/bulletin/contents/articles-in-press/Zagorsek.pdf (Zágoršek et al; 2009; Bulletin of Geosciences 84(X), xx–xx; Czech Geological Survey, Prague; ISSN 1214-1119)
http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/118531940/abstract (Buttler et al; 2007;Palaeontology)
http://books.google.co.uk/books?hl=en&amp;lr=&amp;id=4-jlUfCMlQkC&amp;oi=fnd&amp;pg=PA93&amp;dq=ectoprocta+bryozoa+phylogeny&amp;ots=hmB2G5OXR0&amp;sig=C7IK3Vf0vEUJdx5snK-Qb26nmzM#PPA93,M1 (ch "Deconstructing bryozoans ..", pp 93ff; Dewel et al; 2002) - nice statement of phylo problems; "highly derived"; poss explanation of why late in fossil record
http://www.mnhn.fr/publication/geodiv/g02n2a3.pdf (Nekhorosheva; 2002; Geodiversitas) - mid-Ordov Russian bryozoa
http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/picrender.fcgi?artid=1690528&amp;blobtype=pdf (Cohen; 2000; Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 267, 225-231) - "This inference [lophotrochozoa hypothesis], if true, undermines virtually all morphology-based reconstructions of phylogeny made during the past century or more."
http://www.jstor.org/pss/1306433 (Horowitz et al; 1996; Journal of Paleontology) - anything more recent?
Phylogeny
http://www.springerlink.com/content/kf7vajfc4edfl6r1/ (Mackey et al, 1996; Journal of Molecular Evolution; doi: 10.1007/BF02352285)
http://gump.auburn.edu/halanych/lab/Pub.pdfs/Passamaneck2004b.pdf (Passamaneck and Halanych; 2004; Evolution &amp; Development, 6:4, 275–281 )
http://gump.auburn.edu/halanych/lab/Pub.pdfs/Passmaneck2006.pdf (Passamaneck and Halanych; July 2006; Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Volume 40, Issue 1, Pages 20-28)
http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/24/12/2723 (Hausdorf et al; 2007; Molecular Biology and Evolution; 24(12):2723-2729; doi:10.1093/molbev/msm214)
background-color:silverhttp://bryotechnologies.com/pdf/18S_rDNA.pdf (Wood &amp; Lore; Bryozoan Studies, 2004)
http://icb.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/42/3/685 (Nielsen, 2002; Integrative and Comparative Biology 42(3):685-691; doi:10.1093/icb/42.3.685 ) - agin Lophophorata on morphological grounds
http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/118855324/abstract (Nielsen; 2003; Evolution &amp; Development)
http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/275/1645/1927.abstract (Helmkampf et al; 2008; Proc. R. Soc. B)
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&amp;_udi=B6WNH-4VJBTR9-4&amp;_user=10&amp;_rdoc=1&amp;_fmt=&amp;_orig=search&amp;_sort=d&amp;view=c&amp;_acct=C000050221&amp;_version=1&amp;_urlVersion=0&amp;_userid=10&amp;md5=8ccac860d634ce3e8390fdc7c34d0e9a (Fuchs et al; 2009; Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution)
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&amp;_udi=B6WNH-4VNKGV7-1&amp;_user=10&amp;_rdoc=1&amp;_fmt=&amp;_orig=search&amp;_sort=d&amp;view=c&amp;_acct=C000050221&amp;_version=1&amp;_urlVersion=0&amp;_userid=10&amp;md5=521b1f74d3a1c8affdf12572452ecc8c (Waeschenbach; July 2009!; Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution)
http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/118596313/abstract?CRETRY=1&amp;SRETRY=0 (Okuyama et al;2006; Zoologica Scripta)
http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/diss/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/FUDISS_derivate_000000004076/07_chapter7.pdf?hosts= looks like a ch of a book, poss conf proceedingsl latest cited works are 2007 - useful if can pin down.
http://www-fourier.ujf-grenoble.fr/~dpiau/cdem/130124b.pdf (Halanych; 2004; Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst.) - good on hist of theories
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&amp;_udi=B6WNH-4PN05PJ-4&amp;_user=10&amp;_rdoc=1&amp;_fmt=&amp;_orig=search&amp;_sort=d&amp;view=c&amp;_acct=C000050221&amp;_version=1&amp;_urlVersion=0&amp;_userid=10&amp;md5=1e56b8f48b24e4569891ae2bbf85f5ac (Helmkampf et al; 2008; Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution)
http://books.google.co.uk/books?hl=en&amp;lr=&amp;id=4-jlUfCMlQkC&amp;oi=fnd&amp;pg=PA93&amp;dq=ectoprocta+bryozoa+phylogeny&amp;ots=hmB2G5OXR0&amp;sig=C7IK3Vf0vEUJdx5snK-Qb26nmzM#PPA93,M1 (ch "Deconstructing bryozoans ..", pp 93ff; Dewel et al; 2002) - nice statement of phylo problems; "highly derived"
http://www.biolbull.org/cgi/content/abstract/190/1/1 (Halanych; 2006; The Biological Bulletin) - Pterobranch's "lophophores" aren't
http://icb.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/46/4/544 (Vallès &amp; Boore; 2006; Integrative and Comparative Biology, Volume 46, Number 4, pp. 544-557) - good descr of phylo history --Philcha (talk) 10:30, 13 August 2009 (UTC)
Images
http://library.thinkquest.org/26153/marine/bryozoa.htm the best I saw in Google images
http://www.earthlife.net/inverts/bryozoa.html --Philcha (talk) 21:30, 29 July 2009 (UTC)</turn_topictext>
<turn_text>http://icb.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/46/4/544 (Vallès &amp; Boore; 2006; Integrative and Comparative Biology, Volume 46, Number 4, pp. 544-557) - good descr of phylo history </turn_text>