@inproceedings{grzybowski-etal-2025-polish,
    title = "{P}olish-{E}nglish medical knowledge transfer: A new benchmark and results",
    author = "Grzybowski, {\L}ukasz  and
      Pokrywka, Jakub  and
      Ciesi{\'o}{\l}ka, Micha{\l}  and
      Kaczmarek, Jeremi Ignacy  and
      Kubis, Marek",
    editor = "Christodoulopoulos, Christos  and
      Chakraborty, Tanmoy  and
      Rose, Carolyn  and
      Peng, Violet",
    booktitle = "Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2025",
    month = nov,
    year = "2025",
    address = "Suzhou, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/name-variant-enfa-fane/2025.findings-emnlp.480/",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/2025.findings-emnlp.480",
    pages = "9042--9063",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-335-7",
    abstract = "Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant potential in specialized tasks, including medical problem-solving. However, most studies predominantly focus on English-language contexts. This study introduces a novel benchmark dataset based on Polish medical licensing and specialization exams (LEK, LDEK, PES). The dataset, sourced from publicly available materials provided by the Medical Examination Center and the Chief Medical Chamber, includes Polish medical exam questions, along with a subset of parallel Polish-English corpora professionally translated for foreign candidates. By structuring a benchmark from these exam questions, we evaluate state-of-the-art LLMs, spanning general-purpose, domain-specific, and Polish-specific models, and compare their performance with that of human medical students and doctors. Our analysis shows that while models like GPT-4o achieve near-human performance, challenges persist in cross-lingual translation and domain-specific understanding. These findings highlight disparities in model performance across languages and medical specialties, emphasizing the limitations and ethical considerations of deploying LLMs in clinical practice."
}