@inproceedings{el-etal-2025-inefficiencies,
    title = "Inefficiencies of Meta Agents for Agent Design",
    author = "El, Batu  and
      Yuksekgonul, Mert  and
      Zou, James",
    editor = "Christodoulopoulos, Christos  and
      Chakraborty, Tanmoy  and
      Rose, Carolyn  and
      Peng, Violet",
    booktitle = "Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2025",
    month = nov,
    year = "2025",
    address = "Suzhou, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/name-variant-enfa-fane/2025.findings-emnlp.1135/",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/2025.findings-emnlp.1135",
    pages = "20815--20824",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-335-7",
    abstract = "Recent works began to automate the design of agentic systems using meta-agents that propose and iteratively refine new agent architectures. In this paper, we examine three key challenges in a common class of meta-agents. \textit{First}, we investigate how a meta-agent learns across iterations and find that simply expanding the context with all previous agents, as proposed by previous works, performs worse than ignoring prior designs entirely. We show that the performance improves with an evolutionary approach. \textit{Second}, although the meta-agent designs multiple agents during training, it typically commits to a single agent at test time. We find that the designed agents have low behavioral diversity, limiting the potential for their complementary use. \textit{Third}, we assess when automated design is economically viable. We find that only in a few cases{---}specifically, two datasets{---}the overall cost of designing and deploying the agents is lower than that of human-designed agents when deployed on over 15,000 examples. In contrast, the performance gains for other datasets do not justify the design cost, regardless of scale."
}