@inproceedings{xie-etal-2025-towards,
    title = "Towards Controllable Speech Synthesis in the Era of Large Language Models: A Systematic Survey",
    author = "Xie, Tianxin  and
      Rong, Yan  and
      Zhang, Pengfei  and
      Wang, Wenwu  and
      Liu, Li",
    editor = "Christodoulopoulos, Christos  and
      Chakraborty, Tanmoy  and
      Rose, Carolyn  and
      Peng, Violet",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2025 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2025",
    address = "Suzhou, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/name-variant-enfa-fane/2025.emnlp-main.40/",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/2025.emnlp-main.40",
    pages = "764--791",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-332-6",
    abstract = "Text-to-speech (TTS) has advanced from generating natural-sounding speech to enabling fine-grained control over attributes like emotion, timbre, and style. Driven by rising industrial demand and breakthroughs in deep learning, e.g., diffusion and large language models (LLMs), controllable TTS has become a rapidly growing research area. This survey provides **the first** comprehensive review of controllable TTS methods, from traditional control techniques to emerging approaches using natural language prompts. We categorize model architectures, control strategies, and feature representations, while also summarizing challenges, datasets, and evaluations in controllable TTS. This survey aims to guide researchers and practitioners by offering a clear taxonomy and highlighting future directions in this fast-evolving field. One can visit https://github.com/imxtx/awesome-controllabe-speech-synthesis for a comprehensive paper list and updates."
}