{% extends 'base.html' %} {% load crispy_forms_tags %} {% block javascript %} {% endblock %} {% block main %}

Claim Modification Task (WF1b)

{% if error_detected %}

Some errors detected! Please check top of each claim to see them! (if any exists)

{% endif %}

Sandbox Environment

Claims you write will be recorded. But will not form part of the final dataset.

Guidelines

The objective of this task is to generate modifications to claims. The modifications can be either true or false. You will be given specific instructions about the types of modifications to make.

  • Use the original claims and the dictionary as the basis for your modifications to facts about {{ page.title }}
  • Reference any entity directly (i.e. pronouns and nominals should not be used).
  • Minor variations of names are acceptable (e.g. John F Kennedy, JFK, President Kennedy).
  • Avoid vague or cautions language (e.g. might be, may be, could be, is reported that)
  • Correct capitalisation of entity names should be followed (India, not india).
  • Sentences should end with a period.
  • Numbers can be formatted in any appropriate English format (including as words for smaller quantities).
  • Some of the extracted text might not be accurate. These are still valid candidates for summary. It is not your job to fact check the information

Modifying Claims About

{{ page.title }}

Source Sentence

This is the sentence that is used to substantiate your claims about {{ page.title }}

{{ source_sentence_content }}
{{context_before}} {{source_sentence_content}} {{context_after}}
Show Context Hide Context

Dictionary

Click the word for a definition. These definitions can be used to support the claims you write

The dictionary comes from the blue links on Wikipedia

{% for hyperlink in hyperlinks %}

{{ hyperlink.title }}

{{ hyperlink.first_paragraph }}
{% endfor %}

Modified Claims (one claim per line)

Aim to spend about 1 minute generating each claim.

You are allowed to incorporate your own world knowledge in making these modifications and misinformation.

Generate both true and false modifications

All facts should reference any entity directly (i.e. pronouns and nominals should not be used).

The mutations you produce should be objective (i.e. not subjective) and verifiable using information/knowledge that would be publicly available

If it is not possible to generate facts or misinformation, leave the box blank.

{% for form in forms %} {{ form.source_claim_id }} {{ form.source_claim_content.as_hidden }}

{{ form.errors }}

Original Claim

{{form.source_claim_content}}

Generated From:
{{source_sentence_content}}

Rephrase the original claim (Type 1)

Modify the claim by rephrasing it or providing a paraphrase so that the meaning is preserved. You should aim to substitute entities and relations with synonyms if possible.

The rephrased claim should both imply and be implied by the original claim.

The mutated claim must be about {{page.title}}.

Examples

One Direction earned $75 million during their career.

  • One Direction earned a lot of money in their career.
This claim is subjective and can't be verified.

Lydon B. Johnson was sworn in as president the day after John F. Kennedy was killed.

  • After the assassination of JFK, vice president Lyndon B. Johnson was sworn on the following day.
  • When John F. Kennedy was assassinated, Lyndon B. Johnson was sworn in the next day.

Lionel Messi has scored many times in his career.

  • Across his career, Messi has been a prolific goalscorer.
  • Messi has been the highest scoring player in his club.
(in this case, being the highest scoring player does imply that he has scored many goals. But this conclusion cannot be reached given the original claim - this would be a correct claim for type 5 though)

India borders 6 countries.

  • There are six nations that The Republic of India shares a land border with.
  • India is adjacent to 6 countries
{{ form.rephrase }}

Negate the original claim (Type 2)

Change the sentence to negate the meaning.

The mutated claim should imply the opposite of the original claim.

The negations could be made through:

  • Alternative wordings that change the meaning of the sentence:
    (e.g. John was a straight-A student - John failed all his exams.)
    (e.g. Crete is an island. Crete is land-locked)
  • Using different quantities or quantifiers:
    (e.g. All American Overseas Territories are islands. Only two of the American Overseas Territories are islands.)
  • Substituting to a different entity that negates the original claim.
    (e.g. John McCain is an American politician. John McCain is a Canadian Politician)

Avoid using the words no, not and never to negate the meaning unless essential. These mutations are often easy to detect.

The mutated claim must be about {{page.title}}.

Examples

One Direction earned $75 million during their career.

  • One Direction were a not for profit band.
  • One Direction did not earn $75 million during their career.
  • One Direction didn't earn that much money in their career.
Very simple negation. Easy to detect
This claim is subjective and can't be verified.

Different regions feel different effects from Global warming.

  • Global warming affects all regions in exactly the same way.
  • Only one region is affected by Global warming.
  • There are no effects from Global warming
The last example uses the word no. But this changes the meaning of the sentence to indirectly negate the original claim.

  • Different regions do not feel different effects from Global warming.
This example is a simple negation that is easy to detect.

There are characters who travel with Doctor Who.

  • Doctor Who travels alone.

Henry Condell was an actor who worked with Shakespeare.

  • Henry Condell wasn't alive at the same time as Shakespeare.
  • Henry Condell did not work with Shakespeare.
Too simple.
{{ form.negate }}

Original Claim

{{form.source_claim_content}}

Generated From:
{{source_sentence_content}}

Substitution for a similar entity and/or relation (Type 3)

Substitute either a relation, property and/or an attribute of {{page.title}} in the claim to something else from the same set of things.

AVOID rephrasing the original claim.

The mutated claim should not imply the original claim.

The mutated claim must be about {{page.title}}.

Examples

Leonardo DiCaprio has continued acting since 2000.

  • Leonardo DiCaprio has continued dancing since 2000.

Leonardo DiCaprio has starred in a wide range of movies.

  • Leonardo DiCaprio has reviewed a wide range of movies.
  • Leonardo DiCaprio has acted in a wide range of TV shows.
  • Leonardo DiCaprio has acted in a wide range of movies.
this just rephrases the original claim (type 1)

Brazil has a democracy.

  • Brazil is a theocratic state.
  • Brazil is a republic.
  • Brazil has a government.
Republic implies democracy (type 5).
Government is implied by democracy (type 6)

The final season of Lost was watched by 11 million viewers.

  • The final season of Lost was watched by 5 million viewers.
  • The final season of lost was watched by 11 million children.
In this case, this claim negates the original claim
{{ form.similar }}

Substitution for a dissimilar entity and/or relation (Type 4)

Substitute either a relation, property and/or an attribute of {{page.title}} in the claim to something plausible from a different set of things.

AVOID rephrasing the original claim.

The mutated claim should not imply the original claim.

The mutated claim must be about {{page.title}}.

Examples

Mark Zuckerberg was born in 1984.

  • Mark Zuckerberg finished college in 1984.

One Direction earned roughly $75 million in 2014

  • One Direction earned 75 air miles in 2014.
This sort of information isn't normally publicly available

Mark Zuckerberg's middle name is Elliot.

  • Mark Zuckerberg's middle name is Jean-Luc
This is just another name (similar item) which is type 3. There are no suitable substitutions in this case.

India has coast to the south of its landmass.

  • India has China to the south of its landmass.
  • India has Sri Lanka to the south of its landmass.
  • The Bermuda Triangle is to the south of India's landmass.
  • India has islands to the south of its landmass
  • India has an ocean to the south of its landmass
Having islands to the south of the land mass is another geographic feature similar to coast (type 3).
Having an ocean implies there is a coast (type 5)

CO2 emissions are responsible for global warming.

  • Agriculture and farming are responsible for global warming.
  • Renewable energy is responsible for global warming.
  • Fossil fuels are responsible for global warming.
  • Governments are responsible for global warming.
  • Methane emissions are responsible for global warming.
  • Carbon Dioxide is responsible for global warming.

Methane is a gas similar to CO2 (type 3).
Carbon Dioxide is another way of expressing CO2, this is rephrasing (type 1).
{{ form.dissimilar }}

Original Claim

{{form.source_claim_content}}

Generated From:
{{source_sentence_content}}

Make the Claim more Specific (So that the new claim implies the original) (Type 5)

Modify the claim by replacing either a relation, property and/or an attribute of {{page.title}} to something more specific that implies the original claim.

AVOID rephrasing the original claim.

The mutated claim should imply the original claim.

The mutated claim must be about {{page.title}}.

Examples

While Barack Obama was in office, he signed landmark bills.

  • Barack Obama signed the landmark Obamacare bill.
  • Barack Obama signed the bill of rights.
  • When he was in office, Barack Obama signed legislative measures.
A bill is a type of legislation and so this last claim is of type 6.

Brazil became gained independence in 1822.

  • Brazil became fully independent in 1822
This is a rephrasing (type 1), also it is not possible to measure how independent a country is.

Isreal borders two seas

  • Israel borders both the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea.
  • Israel borders both the Celtic Sea and the Bay of Biscay.

Johnny Depp was nominated for Academy Awards.

  • Johnny Depp has been nominated to the Academy Awards for Best Actor.
  • Johnny Depp has been nominated for Best Actor.
Johnny Depp could have been nominated for best actor at another award show and it is not possible to imply the original claim in this case.
{{ form.specific }}

Make the Claim more General (So that the new claim is implied by the original) (Type 6)

Modify the claim by replacing either a relation, property and/or an attribute of {{page.title}} to something more general that is implied by the original claim.

AVOID rephrasing the original claim.

The mutated claim should be implied by the original claim.

The mutated claim must be about {{page.title}}.

Examples

Russia is part of Europe and Asia.

  • The country of Russia spans across two continents.

Tom Cruise won an AFI Award for his work in Mission Impossible.

  • Tom Cruise won an award for a film.
  • Tom Cruise worked on one of the films in the Mission Impossible franchise.
  • Tom Cruise acted in Mission Impossible.
(in this case, we know that Tom Cruise had worked in the film Mission Impossible, but there are other roles such as directing or producing he could have taken)

Kim Kardashian is a "pop culture phenomenon".

  • Kim Kardashian is discussed in the media.
(the original claim is vague. there's no way to tell that being a pop culture phenomenon means that you are discussed. best to skip this one.)

Donald Trump was a student at Wharton School.

  • Donald Trump went to Wharton School.
  • Donald Trump's degree is from Wharton School.
You can go to a school without being a student (for example as a teacher). Just because Donald was a student there does not imply he finished and graduated with a degree (this would be good for type 5 though).
{{ form.general }}

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{% csrf_token %} {% if edit == True %} {% endif %} {% if request.user == page.user %} {% endif %}
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