Expletives in Universal Dependency Treebanks
Gosse Bouma, Jan Hajic, Dag Haug, Joakim Nivre, Per Erik Solberg, Lilja Øvrelid
Abstract
Although treebanks annotated according to the guidelines of Universal Dependencies (UD) now exist for many languages, the goal of annotating the same phenomena in a cross-linguistically consistent fashion is not always met. In this paper, we investigate one phenomenon where we believe such consistency is lacking, namely expletive elements. Such elements occupy a position that is structurally associated with a core argument (or sometimes an oblique dependent), yet are non-referential and semantically void. Many UD treebanks identify at least some elements as expletive, but the range of phenomena differs between treebanks, even for closely related languages, and sometimes even for different treebanks for the same language. In this paper, we present criteria for identifying expletives that are applicable across languages and compatible with the goals of UD, give an overview of expletives as found in current UD treebanks, and present recommendations for the annotation of expletives so that more consistent annotation can be achieved in future releases.- Anthology ID:
- W18-6003
- Volume:
- Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Universal Dependencies (UDW 2018)
- Month:
- November
- Year:
- 2018
- Address:
- Brussels, Belgium
- Editors:
- Marie-Catherine de Marneffe, Teresa Lynn, Sebastian Schuster
- Venue:
- UDW
- SIG:
- Publisher:
- Association for Computational Linguistics
- Note:
- Pages:
- 18–26
- Language:
- URL:
- https://aclanthology.org/W18-6003
- DOI:
- 10.18653/v1/W18-6003
- Cite (ACL):
- Gosse Bouma, Jan Hajic, Dag Haug, Joakim Nivre, Per Erik Solberg, and Lilja Øvrelid. 2018. Expletives in Universal Dependency Treebanks. In Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Universal Dependencies (UDW 2018), pages 18–26, Brussels, Belgium. Association for Computational Linguistics.
- Cite (Informal):
- Expletives in Universal Dependency Treebanks (Bouma et al., UDW 2018)
- PDF:
- https://preview.aclanthology.org/naacl24-info/W18-6003.pdf
- Code
- gossebouma/expletives