@inproceedings{findlay-haug-2025-negation,
    title = "Negation in {U}niversal {D}ependencies",
    author = "Findlay, Jamie Yates  and
      Haug, Dag Trygve Truslew",
    editor = {Bomma, Gosse  and
      {\c{C}}{\"o}ltekin, {\c{C}}a{\u{g}}r{\i}},
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth Workshop on Universal Dependencies (UDW, SyntaxFest 2025)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2025",
    address = "Ljubljana, Slovenia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/mtsummit-25-ingestion/2025.udw-1.8/",
    pages = "70--79",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-292-3",
    abstract = "In this paper we study the representation of negation in UD treebanks. We show that the existing annotations are often inconsistent with the guidelines and that there are ill-motivated differences in annotation of constructions across and even within languages. Moreover, we argue that even if the annotation of the two negation-related features ($\texttt{Polarity=Neg}$ and $\texttt{PronType=Neg}$) were consistent, these two features would be inadequate for straightforwardly expressing the semantics of negation because they relate to the word level only and hence to form rather than meaning. We therefore propose to add two features, $\texttt{Negated=+}$ and $\texttt{DoubleNegated=+}$, which directly encode when a predicate is semantically under negation, and thereby allow a straightforward semantic interpretation of a UD parse in terms of negation."
}