Enhancing Neural Data-To-Text Generation Models with External Background Knowledge

Shuang Chen, Jinpeng Wang, Xiaocheng Feng, Feng Jiang, Bing Qin, Chin-Yew Lin

Abstract
Recent neural models for data-to-text generation rely on massive parallel pairs of data and text to learn the writing knowledge. They often assume that writing knowledge can be acquired from the training data alone. However, when people are writing, they not only rely on the data but also consider related knowledge. In this paper, we enhance neural data-to-text models with external knowledge in a simple but effective way to improve the fidelity of generated text. Besides relying on parallel data and text as in previous work, our model attends to relevant external knowledge, encoded as a temporary memory, and combines this knowledge with the context representation of data before generating words. This allows the model to infer relevant facts which are not explicitly stated in the data table from an external knowledge source. Experimental results on twenty-one Wikipedia infobox-to-text datasets show our model, KBAtt, consistently improves a state-of-the-art model on most of the datasets. In addition, to quantify when and why external knowledge is effective, we design a metric, KBGain, which shows a strong correlation with the observed performance boost. This result demonstrates the relevance of external knowledge and sparseness of original data are the main factors affecting system performance.
Anthology ID:
D19-1299
Volume:
Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and the 9th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-IJCNLP)
Month:
November
Year:
2019
Address:
Hong Kong, China
Editors:
Kentaro Inui, Jing Jiang, Vincent Ng, Xiaojun Wan
Venues:
EMNLP | IJCNLP
SIG:
SIGDAT
Publisher:
Association for Computational Linguistics
Note:
Pages:
3022–3032
Language:
URL:
https://aclanthology.org/D19-1299
DOI:
10.18653/v1/D19-1299
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Shuang Chen, Jinpeng Wang, Xiaocheng Feng, Feng Jiang, Bing Qin, and Chin-Yew Lin. 2019. Enhancing Neural Data-To-Text Generation Models with External Background Knowledge. In Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and the 9th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-IJCNLP), pages 3022–3032, Hong Kong, China. Association for Computational Linguistics.
Cite (Informal):
Enhancing Neural Data-To-Text Generation Models with External Background Knowledge (Chen et al., EMNLP-IJCNLP 2019)
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https://preview.aclanthology.org/ml4al-ingestion/D19-1299.pdf
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