Hayeong Lee


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2025

pdf bib
Iterative Prompt Refinement for Safer Text-to-Image Generation
Jinwoo Jeon | JunHyeok Oh | Hayeong Lee | Byung-Jun Lee
Proceedings of the 2025 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing

Text-to-Image (T2I) models have made remarkable progress in generating images from text prompts, but their output quality and safety still depend heavily on how prompts are phrased. Existing safety methods typically refine prompts using large language models (LLMs), but they overlook the images produced, which can result in unsafe outputs or unnecessary changes to already safe prompts. To address this, we propose an iterative prompt refinement algorithm that uses Vision Language Models (VLMs) to analyze both the input prompts and the generated images. By leveraging visual feedback, our method refines prompts more effectively, improving safety while maintaining user intent and reliability comparable to existing LLM-based approaches. Additionally, we introduce a new dataset labeled with both textual and visual safety signals using off-the-shelf multi-modal LLM, enabling supervised fine-tuning. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach produces safer outputs without compromising alignment with user intent, offering a practical solution for generating safer T2I content. \textcolor{red}{WARNING: This paper contains examples of harmful or inappropriate images generated by models.}