@inproceedings{rivlin-angert-mor-lan-2025-enemy,
    title = "The Enemy from Within: A Study of Political Delegitimization Discourse in Israeli Political Speech",
    author = "Rivlin-Angert, Naama  and
      Mor-Lan, Guy",
    editor = "Christodoulopoulos, Christos  and
      Chakraborty, Tanmoy  and
      Rose, Carolyn  and
      Peng, Violet",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2025 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2025",
    address = "Suzhou, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/lei-li-partial-disambiguation/2025.emnlp-main.841/",
    pages = "16645--16658",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-332-6",
    abstract = "We present the first large-scale computational study of political delegitimization discourse (PDD), defined as symbolic attacks on the normative validity of political entities. We curate and manually annotate a novel Hebrew-language corpus of 10,410 sentences drawn from parliamentary speeches (1993-2023), Facebook posts, and leading news outlets (2018-2021), of which 1,812 instances (17.4{\%}) exhibit PDD and 642 carry additional annotations for intensity, incivility, target type, and affective framing. We introduce a two-stage classification pipeline, and benchmark finetuned encoder models and decoder LLMs. Our best model (DictaLM 2.0) attains an F$_1$ of 0.74 for binary PDD detection and a macro-F$_1$ of 0.67 for classification of delegitimization characteristics. Applying this classifier to longitudinal and cross-platform data, we see a marked rise in PDD over three decades, higher prevalence on social media versus parliamentary debate, greater use by male politicians than by their female counterparts, and stronger tendencies among right-leaning actors, with pronounced spikes during election campaigns and major political events. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility and value of automated PDD analysis for analyzing democratic discourse."
}