@inproceedings{shi-etal-2025-dialect,
    title = "Dialect-{SQL}: An Adaptive Framework for Bridging the Dialect Gap in Text-to-{SQL}",
    author = "Shi, Jie  and
      Cao, Xi  and
      Xu, Bo  and
      Liang, Jiaqing  and
      Xiao, Yanghua  and
      Chen, Jia  and
      Wang, Peng  and
      Wang, Wei",
    editor = "Christodoulopoulos, Christos  and
      Chakraborty, Tanmoy  and
      Rose, Carolyn  and
      Peng, Violet",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2025 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2025",
    address = "Suzhou, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/lei-li-partial-disambiguation/2025.emnlp-main.178/",
    pages = "3604--3619",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-332-6",
    abstract = "Text-to-SQL is the task of translating natural language questions into SQL queries based on relational databases. Different databases implement their own SQL dialects, leading to variations in syntax. As a result, SQL queries designed for one database may not execute properly in another, creating a dialect gap. Existing Text-to-SQL research primarily focuses on specific database systems, limiting adaptability to different dialects. This paper proposes a novel adaptive framework called Dialect-SQL, which employs Object Relational Mapping (ORM) code as an intermediate language to bridge this gap. Given a question, we guide Large Language Models (LLMs) to first generate ORM code, which is then parsed into SQL queries targeted for specific databases. However, there is a lack of high-quality Text-to-Code datasets that enable LLMs to effectively generate ORM code. To address this issue, we propose a bootstrapping approach to synthesize ORM code, where verified ORM code is iteratively integrated into a demonstration pool that serves as in-context examples for ORM code generation. Our experiments demonstrate that Dialect-SQL significantly enhances dialect adaptability, outperforming traditional methods that generate SQL queries directly. Our code and data are released at https://github.com/jieshi10/orm-sql."
}