In this paper, we provide an in-depth review of how the Gricean maxims have been used to develop and evaluate Natural Language Processing (NLP) systems. Originating from the domain of pragmatics, the Gricean maxims are foundational principles aimed at optimising communicative effectiveness, encompassing the maxims of Quantity, Quality, Relation, and Manner. We explore how these principles are operationalised within NLP through the development of data sets, benchmarks, qualitative evaluation and the formulation of tasks such as Data-to-text, Referring Expressions, Conversational Agents, and Reasoning with a specific focus on Natural Language Generation (NLG). We further present current works on the integration of these maxims in the design and assessment of Large Language Models (LLMs), highlighting their potential influence on enhancing model performance and interaction capabilities. Additionally, this paper identifies and discusses relevant challenges and opportunities, with a special emphasis on the cultural adaptation and contextual applicability of the Gricean maxims. While they have been widely used in different NLP applications, we present the first comprehensive survey of the Gricean maxims’ impact.

In this paper, we present our approach to the WMT24 - Chat Task, addressing the challenge of translating chat conversations.Chat conversations are characterised by their informal, ungrammatical nature and strong reliance on context posing significant challenges for machine translation systems. To address these challenges, we augment large language models with explicit memory mechanisms designed to enhance coherence and consistency across dialogues. Specifically, we employ graph representations to capture and utilise dialogue context, leveraging concept connectivity as a compressed memory. Our approach ranked second place for Dutch and French, and third place for Portuguese and German, based on COMET-22 scores and human evaluation.

While the fluency and coherence of Large Language Models (LLMs) in text generation have seen significant improvements, their competency in generating appropriate expressions of uncertainty remains limited.Using a multilingual closed-book QA task and GPT-3.5, we explore how well LLMs are calibrated and express certainty across a diverse set of languages, including low-resource settings. Our results reveal strong performance in high-resource languages but a marked decline in performance in lower-resource languages. Across all, we observe an exaggerated expression of confidence in the model, which does not align with the correctness or likelihood of its responses. Our findings highlight the need for further research into accurate calibration of LLMs especially in a multilingual setting.

This paper discusses our approaches for task-oriented conversational modelling using subjective knowledge, with a particular emphasis on response generation. Our methodology was shaped by an extensive data analysis that evaluated key factors such as response length, sentiment, and dialogue acts present in the provided dataset. We used few-shot learning to augment the data with newly generated subjective knowledge items and present three approaches for DSTC11: (1) task-specific model exploration, (2) incorporation of the most frequent question into all generated responses, and (3) a waterfall prompting technique using a combination of both GPT-3 and ChatGPT.

This paper describes our contributions to the Shared Task of the 9th Workshop on Argument Mining (2022). Our approach uses Large Language Models for the task of Argument Quality Prediction. We perform prompt engineering using GPT-3, and also investigate the training paradigms multi-task learning, contrastive learning, and intermediate-task training. We find that a mixed prediction setup outperforms single models. Prompting GPT-3 works best for predicting argument validity, and argument novelty is best estimated by a model trained using all three training paradigms.

We present EMISSOR: a platform to capture multimodal interactions as recordings of episodic experiences with explicit referential interpretations that also yield an episodic Knowledge Graph (eKG). The platform stores streams of multiple modalities as parallel signals. Each signal is segmented and annotated independently with interpretation. Annotations are eventually mapped to explicit identities and relations in the eKG. As we ground signal segments from different modalities to the same instance representations, we also ground different modalities across each other. Unique to our eKG is that it accepts different interpretations across modalities, sources and experiences and supports reasoning over conflicting information and uncertainties that may result from multimodal experiences. EMISSOR can record and annotate experiments in virtual and real-world, combine data, evaluate system behavior and their performance for preset goals but also model the accumulation of knowledge and interpretations in the Knowledge Graph as a result of these episodic experiences.

With more agents deployed than ever, users need to be able to interact and cooperate with them in an effective and comfortable manner. Explanations have been shown to increase the understanding and trust of a user in human-agent interaction. There have been numerous studies investigating this effect, but they rely on the user explicitly requesting an explanation. We propose a first overview of when an explanation should be triggered and show that there are many instances that would be missed if the agent solely relies on direct questions. For this, we differentiate between direct triggers such as commands or questions and introduce indirect triggers like confusion or uncertainty detection.