Recent research highlights the importance of figurative language as a tool for amplifying emotional impact. In this paper, we dive deeper into this phenomenon and outline our methods for Track 1, Empathy Prediction in Conversations (CONV-dialog) and Track 2, Empathy and Emotion Prediction in Conversation Turns (CONV-turn) of the WASSA 2024 shared task. We leveraged transformer-based large language models augmented with figurative language prompts, specifically idioms, metaphors and hyperbole, that were selected and trained for each track to optimize system performance. For Track 1, we observed that a fine-tuned BERT with metaphor and hyperbole features outperformed other models on the development set. For Track 2, DeBERTa, with different combinations of figurative language prompts, performed well for different prediction tasks. Our method provides a novel framework for understanding how figurative language influences emotional perception in conversational contexts. Our system officially ranked 4th in the 1st track and 3rd in the 2nd track.

Empathy is a social mechanism used to support and strengthen emotional connection with others, including in online communities. However, little is currently known about the nature of these online expressions, nor the particular factors that may lead to their improved detection. In this work, we study the role of a specific and complex subcategory of linguistic phenomena, figurative language, in online expressions of empathy. Our extensive experiments reveal that incorporating features regarding the use of metaphor, idiom, and hyperbole into empathy detection models improves their performance, resulting in impressive maximum F1 scores of 0.942 and 0.809 for identifying posts without and with empathy, respectively.

Empathy is critical for effective communication and mental health support, and in many online health communities people anonymously engage in conversations to seek and provide empathetic support. The ability to automatically recognize and detect empathy contributes to the understanding of human emotions expressed in text, therefore advancing natural language understanding across various domains. Existing empathy and mental health-related corpora focus on broader contexts and lack domain specificity, but similarly to other tasks (e.g., learning distinct patterns associated with COVID-19 versus skin allergies in clinical notes), observing empathy within different domains is crucial to providing tailored support. To address this need, we introduce AcnEmpathize, a dataset that captures empathy expressed in acne-related discussions from forum posts focused on its emotional and psychological effects. We find that transformer-based models trained on our dataset demonstrate excellent performance at empathy classification. Our dataset is publicly released to facilitate analysis of domain-specific empathy in online conversations and advance research in this challenging and intriguing domain.