Dominic Gardner
2025
Transformer-Based Real-Word Spelling Error Feedback with Configurable Confusion Sets
Torsten Zesch
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Dominic Gardner
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Marie Bexte
Proceedings of the 20th Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2025)
Real-word spelling errors (RWSEs) pose special challenges for detection methods, as they ‘hide’ in the form of another existing word and in many cases even fit in syntactically. We present a modern Transformer-based implementation of earlier probabilistic methods based on confusion sets and show that RWSEs can be detected with a good balance between missing errors and raising too many falsealarms. The confusion sets are dynamically configurable, allowing teachers to easily adjust which errors trigger feedback.