@article{elazar-goldberg-2019-wheres,
    title = "Where{'}s My Head? {D}efinition, Data Set, and Models for Numeric Fused-Head Identification and Resolution",
    author = "Elazar, Yanai  and
      Goldberg, Yoav",
    editor = "Lee, Lillian  and
      Johnson, Mark  and
      Roark, Brian  and
      Nenkova, Ani",
    journal = "Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "7",
    year = "2019",
    address = "Cambridge, MA",
    publisher = "MIT Press",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/landing_page/Q19-1030/",
    doi = "10.1162/tacl_a_00280",
    pages = "519--535",
    abstract = "We provide the first computational treatment of fused-heads constructions (FHs), focusing on the numeric fused-heads (NFHs). FHs constructions are noun phrases in which the head noun is missing and is said to be {\textquotedblleft}fused{\textquotedblright} with its dependent modifier. This missing information is implicit and is important for sentence understanding. The missing references are easily filled in by humans but pose a challenge for computational models. We formulate the handling of FHs as a two stages process: Identification of the FH construction and resolution of the missing head. We explore the NFH phenomena in large corpora of English text and create (1) a data set and a highly accurate method for NFH identification; (2) a 10k examples (1 M tokens) crowd-sourced data set of NFH resolution; and (3) a neural baseline for the NFH resolution task. We release our code and data set, to foster further research into this challenging problem."
}