Annotation and Classification of Relevant Clauses in Terms-and-Conditions Contracts
Pietro Giovanni Bizzaro, Elena Della Valentina, Maurizio Napolitano, Nadia Mana, Massimo Zancanaro
Abstract
In this paper, we propose a new annotation scheme to classify different types of clauses in Terms-and-Conditions contracts with the ultimate goal of supporting legal experts to quickly identify and assess problematic issues in this type of legal documents. To this end, we built a small corpus of Terms-and-Conditions contracts and finalized an annotation scheme of 14 categories, eventually reaching an inter-annotator agreement of 0.92. Then, for 11 of them, we experimented with binary classification tasks using few-shot prompting with a multilingual T5 and two fine-tuned versions of two BERT-based LLMs for Italian. Our experiments showed the feasibility of automatic classification of our categories by reaching accuracies ranging from .79 to .95 on validation tasks.- Anthology ID:
- 2024.lrec-main.108
- Volume:
- Proceedings of the 2024 Joint International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC-COLING 2024)
- Month:
- May
- Year:
- 2024
- Address:
- Torino, Italia
- Editors:
- Nicoletta Calzolari, Min-Yen Kan, Veronique Hoste, Alessandro Lenci, Sakriani Sakti, Nianwen Xue
- Venues:
- LREC | COLING
- SIG:
- Publisher:
- ELRA and ICCL
- Note:
- Pages:
- 1209–1214
- Language:
- URL:
- https://aclanthology.org/2024.lrec-main.108
- DOI:
- Cite (ACL):
- Pietro Giovanni Bizzaro, Elena Della Valentina, Maurizio Napolitano, Nadia Mana, and Massimo Zancanaro. 2024. Annotation and Classification of Relevant Clauses in Terms-and-Conditions Contracts. In Proceedings of the 2024 Joint International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC-COLING 2024), pages 1209–1214, Torino, Italia. ELRA and ICCL.
- Cite (Informal):
- Annotation and Classification of Relevant Clauses in Terms-and-Conditions Contracts (Bizzaro et al., LREC-COLING 2024)
- PDF:
- https://preview.aclanthology.org/landing_page/2024.lrec-main.108.pdf