@inproceedings{kitano-etal-1989-massively,
    title = "Massively Parallel Parsing in $\Phi${D}m{D}ialog: Integrated Architecture for Parsing Speech Inputs",
    author = "Kitano, Hiroaki  and
      Mitamura, Teruko  and
      Tomita, Masaru",
    editor = "Tomita, Masaru",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Parsing Technologies",
    month = aug,
    year = "1989",
    address = "Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA",
    publisher = "Carnegy Mellon University",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/jlcl-multiple-ingestion/W89-0225/",
    pages = "230--239",
    abstract = "This paper describes the parsing scheme in the $\Phi$DmDialog speech-to-speech dialog translation system, with special emphasis on the integration of speech and natural language processing. We propose an integrated architecture for parsing speech inputs based on a parallel marker-passing scheme and attaining dynamic participation of knowledge from the phonological-level to the discourse-level. At the phonological level, we employ a stochastic model using a transition matrix and a confusion matrix and markers which carry a probability measure. At a higher level, syntactic/semantic and discourse processing, we integrate a case-based and constraint-based scheme in a consistent manner so that a priori probability and constraints, which reflect linguistic and discourse factors, are provided to the phonological level of processing. A probability/cost-based scheme in our model enables ambiguity resolution at various levels using one uniform principle."
}