QUESTION = Why do we use gas, electricity, and chemical injections for executions when a noose and firing squads are proven effective and **WAY** cheaper?

GENERATION = Shot and electrocution are not "proven to work". There are some proposed methods which provide a predictable and reversible effect, but it is still subject to controversy as to whether they work or not. The obvious solution would be to use *more* lethal, and possibly more expensive, injection methods. It's not like gas is cheap, but it's also not cheap as it's not universal. At least the cost to supply the drugs would still be higher than the cost of carrying out the executions. Then there is the argument that the lower the cost to supply the drugs, the more humane the execution will be. But this is also a difficult question, and it's hard to make an absolutly sure statement as to whether or not a prisoner is in danger of death. It's also a question of subjective value - whether or not the death was humane is only a matter of opinion. So it's hard to make a sure statement about whether the death was cruel. Source: I used to work in lethal injection facilities, and while I'm not familiar with the specifics, I suspect most of the targets used were drugs 

RETRIEVAL #0 = Participation of medical professionals in American executions---appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court to reject a second attempt at electrocuting Francis, which failed by a 5-4 vote in "Francis v. Resweber", resulting in Francis' successful electrocution just over a year later, on May 9, 1947. In many of these executions, the result of the error has been that executions have taken many times as long as they should have – in one case, the execution of Christopher Newton, an execution took up to two hours to complete, fifteen times longer than average; ideally, executions should be completed within about eight minutes. Some have claimed that such executions may have induced "excruciating pain", a possible violation of the Eighth Amendment. This has been argued in the Supreme Court case "Hill v. McDonough". Errors occurring in these botched executions include the incorrect placing of IV lines, and injection of too little anaesthetic, reported in one study to have been consistent with awareness in 43% (21 executions) of the forty-nine executions in the study. Since the reinstatement of capital punishment in 1976, there have been, according to one study, forty-one possibly botched executions. On, January 7, 2008, the Supreme Court of the United States heard oral arguments in "Baze v. Rees", a case challenging the three-drug cocktail used for many executions by lethal 

RETRIEVAL #1 = Capital punishment in the United States---for nine minutes. During the procedure, Gray thrashed and banged his head against the metal pole behind his head while struggling to breathe. Austin Sarat, a professor of jurisprudence and political science at Amherst College, in his book "Gruesome Spectacles: Botched Executions and America’s Death Penalty", found that from 1890 to 2010, 276 executions were botched out of a total of 8,776, or 3.15%, with lethal injections having the highest rate. Section::::Clemency and commutations. The largest number of clemencies was granted in January 2003 in Illinois when outgoing Governor George Ryan, who had already imposed a moratorium on executions, pardoned four death-row inmates and commuted the sentences of the remaining 167 to life in prison without the possibility of parole. When Governor Pat Quinn signed legislation abolishing the death penalty in Illinois in March 2011, he commuted the sentences of the fifteen inmates on death row to life imprisonment. Previous post-"Furman" mass clemencies took place in 1986 in New Mexico, when Governor Toney Anaya commuted all death sentences because of his personal opposition to the death penalty. In 1991, outgoing Ohio Governor Dick Celeste commuted the sentences of eight prisoners, among them all four women on the state's death row. And during his two terms (1979–1987) as Florida's Governor, 

RETRIEVAL #2 = Execution by shooting---by firing squad BULLET::::- Execution-style murder BULLET::::- Use of capital punishment by nation BULLET::::- Bullet fee Section::::References. Section::::References.:Sources. BULLET::::- Zelitch, Judah. "Soviet Administration of Criminal Law". University of Pennsylvania Press, 1931. Section::::External links. BULLET::::- Method of Execution: A Stark Tradition "The New York Times", September 30, 2006 

RETRIEVAL #3 = Lethal injection---addition to other existing execution methods. In 2016, Pfizer joined over 20 American and European pharmaceutical manufacturers that had previously blocked the sale of their drugs for use in lethal injections, effectively closing the open market for FDA-approved manufacturers for any potential lethal execution drug. In the execution of Carey Dean Moore on August 14, 2018, the State of Nebraska used a novel drug cocktail comprising diazepam, fentanyl, cisatracurium, and potassium chloride, over the strong objections of the German pharmaceutical company Fresenius Kabi. Section::::Procedure. Section::::Procedure.:Procedure in U.S. executions. In the United States, the typical lethal injection begins with the condemned person being strapped onto a gurney; two intravenous cannulas ("IVs") are then inserted, one in each arm. Only one is necessary to carry out the execution; the other is reserved as a backup in the event the primary line fails. A line leading from the IV line in an adjacent room is attached to the prisoner's IV and secured so that the line does not snap during the injections. The arm of the condemned person is swabbed with alcohol before the cannula is inserted. The needles and equipment used are sterilized. Questions have been raised about why these precautions against infection are performed despite the purpose 

RETRIEVAL #4 = Lethal injection---believe that the drug may decrease muscular fasciculations when the potassium is given, but this has yet to be proven. Section::::Controversy.:Stockpiling of drugs. A 2017 study found that four U.S. states that allow capital punishment are stockpiling lethal injection drugs that are in short supply and are needed for life-saving medical procedures. Section::::See also. BULLET::::- Capital punishment by country BULLET::::- Drug injection BULLET::::- Execution methods BULLET::::- Execution chamber BULLET::::- Euthanasia BULLET::::- List of people executed by lethal injection Section::::External links. BULLET::::- Death Penalty Worldwide, by Cornell Law School – Academic database on every death penalty country in the world BULLET::::- Lethalinjection.org, by UC Berkeley School of Law – Web-based information clearinghouse on lethal injection 

RETRIEVAL #5 = Capital punishment in the United States---and 1/100 people whose executions are actually carried out. The states that have executed the most women are California, Texas and Florida. For women, the racial breakdown of those sentenced to death is 61% white, 21% black, 13% Latina, 3% Asian, and 2% American Indian. Section::::Methods. All 29 states with the death penalty provide lethal injection as the primary method of execution. Some states allow other methods than lethal injection, but only as secondary methods to be used merely at the request of the prisoner or if lethal injection is unavailable. Several states continue to use the historical three-drug protocol: firstly an anesthetic, secondly pancuronium bromide, a paralytic, and finally potassium chloride to stop the heart. Eight states have used a single-drug protocol, inflicting only an overdose of a single anesthetic to the prisoner. While some state statutes specify the drugs required, a majority do not, giving more flexibility to prison officers. Pressures from anti-death penalty activists and shareholders have made it difficult for correctional services to get the chemicals. Hospira, the only U.S. manufacturer of sodium thiopental, stopped making the drug in 2011. In 2016, it was reported that more than 20 U.S. and European drug manufacturers including Pfizer (the owner 

RETRIEVAL #6 = Lethal injection---lethal injection)". From December 21, 2011, the European Union extended trade restrictions to prevent the export of certain medicinal products for capital punishment, stating, "The Union disapproves of capital punishment in all circumstances and works towards its universal abolition". Section::::Controversy.:Support. Section::::Controversy.:Support.:Commonality. The combination of a barbiturate induction agent and a nondepolarizing paralytic agent is used in thousands of anesthetics every day. Supporters of the death penalty argue that unless anesthesiologists have been wrong for the last 40 years, the use of pentothal and pancuronium is safe and effective. In fact, potassium is given in heart bypass surgery to induce cardioplegia. Therefore, the combination of these three drugs is still in use today. Supporters of the death penalty speculate that the designers of the lethal-injection protocols intentionally used the same drugs as used in everyday surgery to avoid controversy. The only modification is that a massive coma-inducing dose of barbiturates is given. In addition, similar protocols have been used in countries that support euthanasia or physician-assisted suicide. Section::::Controversy.:Support.:Anesthesia awareness. Thiopental is a rapid and effective drug for inducing unconsciousness, since it causes loss of consciousness upon a single circulation through the brain due to its