QUESTION = How would someone who is fit be affected if they literally ate complete Junk food for one day? GENERATION = If someone truly were that fit, they'd have been through thousands of tests and their bodies immune system would have fought off several pathogens, including those from consuming only plant matter. RETRIEVAL #0 = Paroxysmal exercise-induced dystonia---A common treatment for another disorder with a mutated GLUT1 transporter is the ketogenic diet. The diet is a strict 3:1 ratio of fat (3) to protein and carbohydrates (1). This diet is thought to help restore the unbalance created by the decreased amount of glucose in the brain caused by the faulty GLUT1 transporter. This diet was administered to three patients who had been screened and found to have mutation in their SLC2A genes coding for GLUT1 and were experiencing PED symptoms. All three showed benefit from this treatment and a reduction in their PED episodes. They were able to exercise and run long distances for the first time in their lives. No other studies have been performed using this diet as many patients feel the advantages of the diet do not outweigh its disadvantages. As some cases have noted that patients were able to alleviate or lessen their PED attacks with a sugary snack, another diet that was tried on patients was one rich in carbohydrates with additional frequent carbohydrate-containing snacks. Four patients with reported PED symptoms were put on this diet but no observable improvements were noted and in fact one patient even complained of worsening symptoms. Additionally it has been observed that levodopa may reduce some symptoms associated with PED. This may demonstrate that PED is a precursor to Parkinson's disease. Acetazolamide was RETRIEVAL #1 = Exercise amenorrhoea---done to determine if female athlete triad is present. Section::::Management. Exercise amenorrhoea can be managed by eating a diet rich in calories and by decreasing the duration and intensity of exercise for at least 12 months. Amenorrhea usually persists and may take over 6 months to reverse. RETRIEVAL #2 = Normal weight obesity---with NWO had a four-fold higher frequency of metabolic syndrome compared with the low body fat group. Section::::Treatment. As of 2018, optimal treatment is unknown. A 1998 study suggested that energy restriction and weight loss, for example a 4- to 12-week period of diet and exercise was beneficial. A small study of 11 Asians with MONW published June 2018 found that moderate weight loss through dieting reduced their cardiometabolic risk per improved body composition, lipid profile, and insulin sensitivity. RETRIEVAL #3 = College health---low body weight, which can cause muscle dysfunction and weak osmoregulation. It can also accompany emotional symptoms such as depression. Section::::Eating Disorder.:Common eating disorders.:Binge eating disorder. Binge eating disorder is an eating disorder characterized by frequent and recurrent binge eating episodes with associated negative psychological and social problems, but without subsequent purging episodes (e.g. vomiting). People who have this disorder can experience an uncontrollable urge to consume large amounts of food regardless of whether or not they are hungry and can feel like they have no control while they are eating. Section::::Eating Disorder.:Common eating disorders.:Binge eating disorder.:Bulimia Nervosa. Bulimia Nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by recurring episodes of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors such as self induced vomiting in order to compensate for all the excess of food and calories eaten. Other compensatory methods include misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or other medications to purge your body, and fasting and excessive exercise. People with this condition base their decisions mainly upon their body shape and weight. On average someone who is bulimic one goes through these recurring episodes at least once a week for three months. Section::::Weight Gain. The entrance of a new life means changing and adapting. Beginning freshmen enter a new phase that affects the way they eat RETRIEVAL #4 = Diet-induced obesity model---also done before and after the diet. Section::::Research done with model.:Methodology.:Diets. Scientists have successfully induced obesity in animals using a wide range of diets. Although generally diets containing more than 30% of total energy from fat are considered to induce obesity, scientists have induced obesity with diets containing 13% to 85% of total energy from fat. The specific fatty foods used in the diets vary across studies, ranging from Crisco to lard to palm oil. Other researchers have shown that an animal diet more similar to the human Western diet (i.e. a diet with high-fat, high-sugar, high-salt, and low-fiber content) is more effective in inducing obesity and obesity-related disorders than a traditional high-fat diet. Section::::Research done with model.:Behavioral changes. Sensory stimulation from high-fat foods is one behavioral mechanism in the diet-induced obesity model—humans’ and rats’ neural proclivity for the texture, smell, and taste of high-fat foods stimulates "selection, consumption, digestion and absorption" of those foods. According to some studies, time, frequency, and quantity of feedings are other behavioral factors in the DIO model. Some research shows that nightly eating, low eating frequency, and large meal RETRIEVAL #5 = Sensory-specific satiety---food which in turn would inhibit or facilitate "sensory-specific satiety". Studies done by Birch & Deysher (1986) and B.J. Rolls "et al.", summarized in a paper by Raynor and Epstein, show that postingesitive feedback does not influence "sensory-specific satiety" very much. Since postingestive feedback seems to have little effect of sensory-specific satiety, it is probable that sensory-specific satiety is more driven by external factors, such as the sensory properties of the food, than internal factors. Section::::Obesity in relation to sensory-specific satiety. Studies have shown that eating monotonous meals (limited variety in food) results in long-term sensory-specific satiety. By continuing to eat similar meals, a dieter can reduce their overall food intake and use sensory-specific satiety as a tool for weight loss. On the contrary, sensory-specific satiety can also cause obesity because of the stimulation of hunger for foods of different variety. The higher energy content the food has, the less likely sensory-specific satiety will become activated. Section::::Age in relation to sensory-specific satiety. Sensory-specific satiety varies depending on age, with the elderly experiencing decreased sensory-specific satiety and adolescents experiencing more. In a study focusing on age in sensory-specific satiety, it was RETRIEVAL #6 = Diet-induced obesity model---factors. Further research is required to find the exact cause. The cause of Diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2D) in humans are far more complicated than the sole consumption of High Fat Diet (HFD). The mental, emotional and cultural factors along with insulin resistance and hyperphagia are known to increase the occurrence of T2D in humans. However, T2D in model organisms are introduced via surgery of partial/ whole pancreas, or using chemicals such as Streptozotocin. Streptozotocin inhibits the ability of pancreatic β cells to produce insulin, and depending on the dosage used, the result can be partial or absolute inhibition. It can also interfere with other cell signallingpathways as well as affects the content of certain isozymes in organs like liver, brain and kidneys. The lack of proper representation of the undertaking of the experiment can introduce T2D, but fails to reflect the mechanism through which these disease takes place in humans. Section::::Model species. Section::::Model species.:Mice. Mice are used by scientists as diet-induced obesity models in experiments because they have mammalian physiological systems similar to those in humans. They also can be bred or genetically engineered to be resistant to certain diseases, which can be important for studies of these diseases and/or their influence on other