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Human Language Technology: Proceedings of a Workshop held at Plainsboro, New Jersey, March 8-11, 1994

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Overview of the 1994 ARPA Human Language Technology Workshop
Clifford J. Weinstein

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Session 1: Lexicons, Corpora, and Evaluation
George A. Miller

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The Comlex Syntax Project: The First Year
Catherine Macleod | Ralph Grishman | Adam Meyers

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Lexicons for Human Language Technology
Mark Liberman

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Multilingual Text Resources at the Linguistic Data Consortium
David Graff | Rebecca Finch

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Multilingual Speech Databases at LDC
John J. Godfrey

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MACROPHONE: An American English Telephone Speech Corpus
Kelsey Taussig | Jared Bernstein

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Corpus Development Activities at the Center for Spoken Language Understanding
Ron Cole | Mike Noel | Daniel C. Burnett | Mark Fanty | Terri Lander | Beatrice Oshika | Stephen Sutton

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The Hub and Spoke Paradigm for CSR Evaluation
Francis Kubala | Jerome Bellegarda | Jordan Cohen | David Pallett | Doug Paul | Mike Phillips | Raja Rajasekaran | Fred Richardson | Michael Riley | Roni Rosenfeld | Bob Roth | Mitch Weintraub

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Expanding the Scope of the ATIS Task: The ATIS-3 Corpus
Deborah A. Dahl | Madeleine Bates | Michael Brown | William Fisher | Kate Hunicke-Smith | David Pallett | Christine Pao | Alexander Rudnicky | Elizabeth Shriberg

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1993 Benchmark Tests for the ARPA Spoken Language Program
David S. Pallett | Jonathan G. Fiscus | William M. Fisher | John S. Garofolo | Bruce A. Lund | Mark A. Przybocki

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Session 2: Language Modeling
Xuedong Huang

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A Hybrid Approach to Adaptive Statistical Language Modeling
Ronald Rosenfeld

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Language Modeling with Sentence-Level Mixtures
Rukmini Iyer | Mari Ostendorf | J. Robin Rohlicek

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Speech Recognition Using a Stochastic Language Model Integrating Local and Global Constraints
Ryosuke Isotani | Shoichi Matsunaga

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On Using Written Language Training Data for Spoken Language Modeling
R. Schwartz | L. Nguyen | F. Kubala | G. Chou | G. Zavaliagkos | J. Makhoul

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Session 3: Human Language Evaluation
Lynette Hirschman

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Towards Better NLP System Evaluation
Karen Sparck Jones

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Automatic Evaluation of Computer Generated Text: A Progress Report on the TextEval Project
Chris Brew | Henry S. Thompson

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The Penn Treebank: Annotating Predicate Argument Structure
Mitchell Marcus | Grace Kim | Mary Ann Marcinkiewicz | Robert MacIntyre | Ann Bies | Mark Ferguson | Karen Katz | Britta Schasberger

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Whither Written Language Evaluation?
Ralph Grishman

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Semantic Evaluation for Spoken-Language Systems
Robert C. Moore

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Session 4: Machine Translation
Eduard Hovy

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Evaluation in the ARPA Machine Translation Program: 1993 Methodology
John S. White | Theresa A. O’Connell

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Building Japanese-English Dictionary based on Ontology for Machine Translation
Akitoshi Okumura | Eduard Hovy

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Toward Multi-Engine Machine Translation
Sergei Nirenburg | Robert Frederking

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Translating Collocations for Use in Bilingual Lexicons
Frank Smadja | Kathleen McKeown

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The Candide System for Machine Translation
Adam L. Berger | Peter F. Brown | Stephen A. Della Pietra | Vincent J. Della Pietra | John R. Gillett | John D. Lafferty | Robert L. Mercer | Harry Printz | Lubos Ures

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The Automatic Component of the LINGSTAT Machine-Aided Translation System
Jonathan Yamron | James Cant | Anne Demedts | Taiko Dietzel | Yoshiko Ito

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Session 5: Natural Language, Discourse
Paul S. Jacobs

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Issues and Methodology for Template Design for Information Extraction
Boyan Onyshkevych

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Principles of Template Design
Jerry Hobbs | David Israel

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Pattern Matching in a Linguistically-Motivated Text Understanding System
Damaris M. Ayuso

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Tagging Speech Repairs
Peter A. Heeman | James Allen

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Information Based Intonation Synthesis
Scott Prevost | Mark Steedman

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Session 6: Spoken Language Systems
Madeleine Bates

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PEGASUS: A Spoken Language Interface for On-Line Air Travel Planning
Victor Zue | Stephanie Seneff | Joseph Polifroni | Michael Phillips | Christine Pao | David Goddeau | James Glass | Eric Brill

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Recent Developments in the Experimental “WAXHOLM” Dialog System
Rolf Carlson

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Recent Improvements in the CMU Spoken Language Understanding System
Wayne Ward | Sunil Issar

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Combining Knowledge Sources to Reorder N-Best Speech Hypothesis Lists
Manny Rayner | David Carter | Vassilios Digalakis | Patti Price

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Predicting and Managing Spoken Disfluencies During Human-Computer Interaction
Sharon Oviatt

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Integrated Techniques for Phrase Extraction From Speech
Marie Meteer | J. Robin Rohlicek

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Session 7: Demonstrations
Victor Abrash

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A Prototype Reading Coach that Listens: Summary of Project LISTEN
Alex Hauptmann | Jack Mostow | Steven F. Roth | Matthew Kane | Adam Swift

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Session 8 &: 9: Statistical and Learning Methods
Frederick Jelinek

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Using a Semantic Concordance for Sense Identification
George A. Miller | Martin Chodorow | Shari Landes | Claudia Leacock | Robert G. Thomas

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A New Approach to Word Sense Disambiguation
Rebecca Bruce | Janyce Wiebe

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A Maximum Entropy Model for Prepositional Phrase Attachment
Adwait Ratnaparkhi | Jeff Reynar | Salim Roukos

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A Report of Recent Progress in Transformation-Based Error-Driven Learning
Eric Brill

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Weighted Rational Transductions and their Application to Human Language Processing
Fernando Pereira | Michael Riley | Richard Sproat

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Automatic Grammar Acquisition
Scott Miller | Heidi J. Fox

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Decision Tree Parsing using a Hidden Derivation Model
F. Jelinek | J. Lafferty | D. Magerman | R. Mercer | A. Ratnaparkhi | S. Roukos

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Statistical Language Processing Using Hidden Understanding Models
Scott Miller | Richard Schwartz | Robert Bobrow | Robert Ingria

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Japanese Word Segmentation by Hidden Markov Model
Constantine P. Papageorgiou

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Phonological Parsing for Bi-directional Letter-to-Sound/Sound-to-Letter Generation
Helen M. Meng | Stephanie Seneff | Victor W. Zue

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Session 10: Government Panel
Oscar N. Garcia

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One DODer’s View of ARPA Spoken Language Directions
Calvin Olano

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Speech and Human Language Technology at the Naval Research Laboratory
Helen M. Gigley

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Advanced Technologies for Language Learning: Developments at ARI
Melissa Holland

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Language Processing R&D Programmes Directorate XIII E of the European Commission
Roberto Cencioni | Giovanni Battista Varile

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Session 11: Acoustic Modeling and Robust CSR
Steve Young

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Tree-Based State Tying for High Accuracy Modelling
S.J. Young | J.J. Odell | P.C. Woodland

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High-Accuracy Large-Vocabulary Speech Recognition Using Mixture Tying and Consistency Modeling
Vassilios Digalakis | Hy Murveit

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The LIMSI Continuous Speech Dictation Systemt
J.L. Gauvain | L.F. Lamel | G. Adda | M. Adda-Decker

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Adaptation to New Microphones Using Tied-Mixture Normalization
Anastasios Anastasakos | Francis Kubala | John Makhoul | Richard Schwartz

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Signal Processing for Robust Speech Recognition
Fu-Hua Liu | Pedro J. Moreno | Richard M. Stem | Alejandro Acero

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Microphone-Independent Robust Signal Processing Using Probabilistic Optimum Filtering
Leonardo Neumeyer | Mitchel Weintraub

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Microphone Arrays and Neural Networks for Robust Speech Recognition
C. Che | Q. Lin | J. Pearson | B. de Vries | J. Flanagan

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Session 12: Information Retrieval
Donna Harman

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Overview of the Second Text REtrieval Conference (TREC-2)
Donna Harman

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Learning from Relevant Documents in Large Scale Routing Retrieval
K.L. Kwok | L. Grunfeld

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Document Representation in Natural Language Text Retrieval
Tomek Strzalkowski

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Assessing the Retrieval Effectiveness of a Speech Retrieval System by Simulating Recognition Errors
Peter Schauble | Ulrike Glavitsch

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Speech-Based Retrieval Using Semantic Co-Occurrence Filtering
Julian Kupiec | Don Kimber | Vijay Balasubramanian

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(Almost) Automatic Semantic Feature Extraction From Technical Text
Rajeev Agarwal

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Session 13: CSR Search
Richard Schwartz

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A Large-Vocabulary Continuous Speech Recognition Algorithm and Its Application to a Multi-Modal Telephone Directory Assistance System
Yasuhiro Minami | Kiyohiro Shikano | Osamu Yoshioka | Satoshi Takahashi | Tomokazu Yamada | Sadaoki Furui

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Techniques to Achieve an Accurate Real-Time Large-Vocabulary Speech Recognition System
Hy Murveit | Peter Monaco | Vassilios Digalakis | John Butzberger

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The Lincoln Large-Vocabulary Stack-Decoder Based HMM CSR
Douglas B. Paul

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A One Pass Decoder Design For Large Vocabulary Recognition
J.J. Odell | V. Valtchev | P.C. Woodland | S.J. Young

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Is N-Best Dead?
Long Nguyen | Richard Schwartz | Ying Zhao | George Zavaliagkos

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Session 14: New Directions/Applications
Richard Stern

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Advanced Human-Computer Interface and Voice Processing Applications in Space
Julie Payette

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Integrated Text and Image Understanding for Document Understanding
Suzanne Liebowitz | Deborah A. Dahl | Mark Lipshutz | Carl Weir | Lewis M. Norton | Roslyn Nilson | Marcia Linebarger

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Use of Lexical and Syntactic Techniques in Recognizing Handwritten Text
Rohini K. Srihari

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On-Line Cursive Handwriting Recognition Using Hidden Markov Models and Statistical Grammars
John Makhoul | Thad Starner | Richard Schwartz | George Chou

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Language Identification via Large Vocabulary Speaker Independent Continuous Speech Recognition
Steve Lowe | Anne Demedts | Larry Gillick | Mark Mandel | Barbara Peskin

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Robust Continuous Speech Recognition
John Makhoul | Richard Schwartz

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Robustness, Portability and Scalability Language Systems
Ralph Weischedel

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Usable, Real-Time, Interactive Spoken Language Systems
John Makhoul | Madeleine Bates

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Evaluating the Use of Prosodic Information in Speech Recognition and Understanding
M. Ostendorf | P. Price | S. Shattuck Hufnagel

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Segment-Based Acoustic Models for Continuous Speech Recognition
Mari Ostendorf | J. Robin Rohlicek

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Pangloss: A Machine Translation Project
Sergei Nirenburg

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Spoken-Language Research at Carnegie Mellon
Raj Reddy

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Extracting Constraints on Word Usage from Large Text Corpora
Kathleen McKeown | Rebecca Passonneau

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The Automatic Component of the LINGSTAT Machine-Aided Translation System
Jonathan Yamron | James Cant | Anne Demedts | Taiko Dietzel | Yoshiko Ito

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Research in Large Vocabulary Continuous Speech Recognition
Janet Baker | Larry Gillick | Robert Roth

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The Tipster/Shogun Project
Paul S. Jacobs

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Automatic Extraction of Grammars From Annotated Text
Salim Roukos

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Candide: A Statistical Machine Translation System
Stephen DellaPietra | Vincent DellaPietra

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A Knowledge-Based Approach to Indexing Scientific Text
Lois Boggess | Julia Hodges

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Robust Continuous Speech Recognition Technology Program Summary
Clifford J. Weinstein | Douglas B. Paul

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Spoken Language Recognition and Understanding
Victor Zue

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NIST-ARPA Interagency Agreement: Human Language Technology Program
David S. Pallett

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Written Language System Evaluation
Beth M. Sundheim

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The Consortium for Lexical Research
Louise Guthrie

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Diderot: TIPSTER Program, Automatic Data Extraction from Text Utilizing Semantic Analysis
Y. Wilks | J. Pustejovsky | J. Cowie

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Pangloss: A Knowledge-based Machine Assisted Translation Research Project - Site 2
D. Farwell

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Research in Natural Language Processing
Ralph Grishman

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Robust Text Processing and Information Retrieval
Tomek Strzalkowski

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WordNet: A Lexical Database for English
George A. Miller

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PIRCS: a Network-Based Document Routing and Retrieval System
K.L. Kwok

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A Neural Network System for Large-Vocabulary Continuous Speech Recognition in Variable Acoustic Environments
J. Flanagan | Q. Lin | J. Pearson | B. de Vries

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Annotation of ATIS Data
Kate Hunicke-Smith | Jared Bernstein

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Combining Linguistic and Statistical Technology for Improved Spoken Language Understanding
Michael Cohen | Robert Moore

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Consistency Modeling
Hy Murveit | Vassilios Digalakis | Peter Monaco | Mitch Weintraub

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CSR Data Collection
Denise Danielson | Jared Bernstein

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Data Access for Situation Handling (DASH)
J.R. Hobbs

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Research in Natural Language Processing
A. Joshi | M. Marcus | M. Steedman | B. Webber

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Natural Language Planning Dialogue for Interactive
James F. Allen | Len Schubert

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PANGLOSS: Knowledge-Based Machine Translation
Eduard Hovy