Katherine Lee


2022

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Deduplicating Training Data Makes Language Models Better
Katherine Lee | Daphne Ippolito | Andrew Nystrom | Chiyuan Zhang | Douglas Eck | Chris Callison-Burch | Nicholas Carlini
Proceedings of the 60th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)

We find that existing language modeling datasets contain many near-duplicate examples and long repetitive substrings.As a result, over 1% of the unprompted output of language models trained on these datasets is copied verbatim from the training data.We develop two tools that allow us to deduplicate training datasets—for example removing from C4 a single 61 word English sentence that is repeated over 60,000 times.Deduplication allows us to train models that emit memorized text ten times less frequently and require fewer training steps to achieve the same or better accuracy.We can also reduce train-test overlap, which affects over 4% of the validation set of standard datasets, thus allowing for more accurate evaluation.Code for deduplication is released at https://github.com/google-research/deduplicate-text-datasets.

2004

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Analysis and Detection of Reading Miscues for Interactive Literacy Tutors
Katherine Lee | Andreas Hagen | Nicholas Romanyshyn | Sean Martin | Bryan Pellom
COLING 2004: Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Computational Linguistics