2022
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TWEET-FID: An Annotated Dataset for Multiple Foodborne Illness Detection Tasks
Ruofan Hu
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Dongyu Zhang
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Dandan Tao
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Thomas Hartvigsen
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Hao Feng
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Elke Rundensteiner
Proceedings of the Thirteenth Language Resources and Evaluation Conference
Foodborne illness is a serious but preventable public health problem – with delays in detecting the associated outbreaks resulting in productivity loss, expensive recalls, public safety hazards, and even loss of life. While social media is a promising source for identifying unreported foodborne illnesses, there is a dearth of labeled datasets for developing effective outbreak detection models. To accelerate the development of machine learning-based models for foodborne outbreak detection, we thus present TWEET-FID (TWEET-Foodborne Illness Detection), the first publicly available annotated dataset for multiple foodborne illness incident detection tasks. TWEET-FID collected from Twitter is annotated with three facets: tweet class, entity type, and slot type, with labels produced by experts as well as by crowdsource workers. We introduce several domain tasks leveraging these three facets: text relevance classification (TRC), entity mention detection (EMD), and slot filling (SF). We describe the end-to-end methodology for dataset design, creation, and labeling for supporting model development for these tasks. A comprehensive set of results for these tasks leveraging state-of-the-art single-and multi-task deep learning methods on the TWEET-FID dataset are provided. This dataset opens opportunities for future research in foodborne outbreak detection.
2021
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基于HowNet的无监督汉语动词隐喻识别方法(Unsupervised Chinese Verb Metaphor Recognition Method Based on HowNet)
Minghao Zhang (张明昊)
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Dongyu Zhang (张冬瑜)
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Hongfei Lin (林鸿飞)
Proceedings of the 20th Chinese National Conference on Computational Linguistics
隐喻是人类思维和语言理解的核心问题。随着互联网发展和海量文本出现,利用自然语言处理技术对隐喻文本进行自动识别成为一种迫切的需求。但是目前在汉语隐喻识别研究中,由于语义资源有限,导致模型容易过拟合。此外,主流隐喻识别方法存在可解释性差的缺点。针对上述问题,本文构建了一个规模较大的汉语动词隐喻数据集,并且提出了一种基于HowNet的无监督汉语动词隐喻识别模型。实验结果表明,本文提出的模型能够有效地应用于动词隐喻识别任务,识别效果超过了对比的无监督模型;并且,与其它用于隐喻识别的深度学习模型相比,本文模型具有结构简单、参数少、可解释性强的优点。
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MultiMET: A Multimodal Dataset for Metaphor Understanding
Dongyu Zhang
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Minghao Zhang
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Heting Zhang
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Liang Yang
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Hongfei Lin
Proceedings of the 59th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 11th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)
Metaphor involves not only a linguistic phenomenon, but also a cognitive phenomenon structuring human thought, which makes understanding it challenging. As a means of cognition, metaphor is rendered by more than texts alone, and multimodal information in which vision/audio content is integrated with the text can play an important role in expressing and understanding metaphor. However, previous metaphor processing and understanding has focused on texts, partly due to the unavailability of large-scale datasets with ground truth labels of multimodal metaphor. In this paper, we introduce MultiMET, a novel multimodal metaphor dataset to facilitate understanding metaphorical information from multimodal text and image. It contains 10,437 text-image pairs from a range of sources with multimodal annotations of the occurrence of metaphors, domain relations, sentiments metaphors convey, and author intents. MultiMET opens the door to automatic metaphor understanding by investigating multimodal cues and their interplay. Moreover, we propose a range of strong baselines and show the importance of combining multimodal cues for metaphor understanding. MultiMET will be released publicly for research.
2019
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Telling the Whole Story: A Manually Annotated Chinese Dataset for the Analysis of Humor in Jokes
Dongyu Zhang
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Heting Zhang
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Xikai Liu
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Hongfei Lin
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Feng Xia
Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and the 9th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-IJCNLP)
Humor plays important role in human communication, which makes it important problem for natural language processing. Prior work on the analysis of humor focuses on whether text is humorous or not, or the degree of funniness, but this is insufficient to explain why it is funny. We therefore create a dataset on humor with 9,123 manually annotated jokes in Chinese. We propose a novel annotation scheme to give scenarios of how humor arises in text. Specifically, our annotations of linguistic humor not only contain the degree of funniness, like previous work, but they also contain key words that trigger humor as well as character relationship, scene, and humor categories. We report reasonable agreement between annota-tors. We also conduct an analysis and exploration of the dataset. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to approach humor annotation for exploring the underlying mechanism of the use of humor, which may contribute to a significantly deeper analysis of humor. We also contribute with a scarce and valuable dataset, which we will release publicly.
2018
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WECA: A WordNet-Encoded Collocation-Attention Network for Homographic Pun Recognition
Yufeng Diao
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Hongfei Lin
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Di Wu
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Liang Yang
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Kan Xu
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Zhihao Yang
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Jian Wang
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Shaowu Zhang
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Bo Xu
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Dongyu Zhang
Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing
Homographic puns have a long history in human writing, widely used in written and spoken literature, which usually occur in a certain syntactic or stylistic structure. How to recognize homographic puns is an important research. However, homographic pun recognition does not solve very well in existing work. In this work, we first use WordNet to understand and expand word embedding for settling the polysemy of homographic puns, and then propose a WordNet-Encoded Collocation-Attention network model (WECA) which combined with the context weights for recognizing the puns. Our experiments on the SemEval2017 Task7 and Pun of the Day demonstrate that the proposed model is able to distinguish between homographic pun and non-homographic pun texts. We show the effectiveness of the model to present the capability of choosing qualitatively informative words. The results show that our model achieves the state-of-the-art performance on homographic puns recognition.
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Construction of a Chinese Corpus for the Analysis of the Emotionality of Metaphorical Expressions
Dongyu Zhang
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Hongfei Lin
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Liang Yang
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Shaowu Zhang
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Bo Xu
Proceedings of the 56th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)
Metaphors are frequently used to convey emotions. However, there is little research on the construction of metaphor corpora annotated with emotion for the analysis of emotionality of metaphorical expressions. Furthermore, most studies focus on English, and few in other languages, particularly Sino-Tibetan languages such as Chinese, for emotion analysis from metaphorical texts, although there are likely to be many differences in emotional expressions of metaphorical usages across different languages. We therefore construct a significant new corpus on metaphor, with 5,605 manually annotated sentences in Chinese. We present an annotation scheme that contains annotations of linguistic metaphors, emotional categories (joy, anger, sadness, fear, love, disgust and surprise), and intensity. The annotation agreement analyses for multiple annotators are described. We also use the corpus to explore and analyze the emotionality of metaphors. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first relatively large metaphor corpus with an annotation of emotions in Chinese.