X-FACTOR: A Cross-metric Evaluation of Factual Correctness in Abstractive Summarization

Subhajit Chaudhury, Sarathkrishna Swaminathan, Chulaka Gunasekara, Maxwell Crouse, Srinivas Ravishankar, Daiki Kimura, Keerthiram Murugesan, Ramón Fernandez Astudillo, Tahira Naseem, Pavan Kapanipathi, Alexander Gray


Abstract
Abstractive summarization models often produce factually inconsistent summaries that are not supported by the original article. Recently, a number of fact-consistent evaluation techniques have been proposed to address this issue; however, a detailed analysis of how these metrics agree with one another has yet to be conducted. In this paper, we present X-FACTOR, a cross-evaluation of three high-performing fact-aware abstractive summarization methods. First, we show that summarization models are often fine-tuned on datasets that contain factually inconsistent summaries and propose a fact-aware filtering mechanism that improves the quality of training data and, consequently, the factuality of these models. Second, we propose a corrector module that can be used to improve the factual consistency of generated summaries. Third, we present a re-ranking technique that samples summary instances from the output distribution of a summarization model and re-ranks the sampled instances based on their factuality. Finally, we provide a detailed cross-metric agreement analysis that shows how tuning a model to output summaries based on a particular factuality metric influences factuality as determined by the other metrics. Our goal in this work is to facilitate research that improves the factuality and faithfulness of abstractive summarization models.
Anthology ID:
2022.emnlp-main.478
Volume:
Proceedings of the 2022 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing
Month:
December
Year:
2022
Address:
Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
Venue:
EMNLP
SIG:
Publisher:
Association for Computational Linguistics
Note:
Pages:
7100–7110
Language:
URL:
https://aclanthology.org/2022.emnlp-main.478
DOI:
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Subhajit Chaudhury, Sarathkrishna Swaminathan, Chulaka Gunasekara, Maxwell Crouse, Srinivas Ravishankar, Daiki Kimura, Keerthiram Murugesan, Ramón Fernandez Astudillo, Tahira Naseem, Pavan Kapanipathi, and Alexander Gray. 2022. X-FACTOR: A Cross-metric Evaluation of Factual Correctness in Abstractive Summarization. In Proceedings of the 2022 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, pages 7100–7110, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Association for Computational Linguistics.
Cite (Informal):
X-FACTOR: A Cross-metric Evaluation of Factual Correctness in Abstractive Summarization (Chaudhury et al., EMNLP 2022)
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https://preview.aclanthology.org/ingestion-script-update/2022.emnlp-main.478.pdf