Automatic Detection of Generated Text is Easiest when Humans are Fooled

Daphne Ippolito, Daniel Duckworth, Chris Callison-Burch, Douglas Eck


Abstract
Recent advancements in neural language modelling make it possible to rapidly generate vast amounts of human-sounding text. The capabilities of humans and automatic discriminators to detect machine-generated text have been a large source of research interest, but humans and machines rely on different cues to make their decisions. Here, we perform careful benchmarking and analysis of three popular sampling-based decoding strategies—top-_k_, nucleus sampling, and untruncated random sampling—and show that improvements in decoding methods have primarily optimized for fooling humans. This comes at the expense of introducing statistical abnormalities that make detection easy for automatic systems. We also show that though both human and automatic detector performance improve with longer excerpt length, even multi-sentence excerpts can fool expert human raters over 30% of the time. Our findings reveal the importance of using both human and automatic detectors to assess the humanness of text generation systems.
Anthology ID:
2020.acl-main.164
Volume:
Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics
Month:
July
Year:
2020
Address:
Online
Venue:
ACL
SIG:
Publisher:
Association for Computational Linguistics
Note:
Pages:
1808–1822
Language:
URL:
https://aclanthology.org/2020.acl-main.164
DOI:
10.18653/v1/2020.acl-main.164
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Daphne Ippolito, Daniel Duckworth, Chris Callison-Burch, and Douglas Eck. 2020. Automatic Detection of Generated Text is Easiest when Humans are Fooled. In Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pages 1808–1822, Online. Association for Computational Linguistics.
Cite (Informal):
Automatic Detection of Generated Text is Easiest when Humans are Fooled (Ippolito et al., ACL 2020)
Copy Citation:
PDF:
https://preview.aclanthology.org/ingestion-script-update/2020.acl-main.164.pdf
Video:
 http://slideslive.com/38928914
Code
 additional community code
Data
WebText