@inproceedings{liu-etal-2025-analyzing,
    title = "Analyzing and Mitigating Inconsistency in Discrete Speech Tokens for Neural Codec Language Models",
    author = "Liu, Wenrui  and
      Guo, Zhifang  and
      Xu, Jin  and
      Lv, Yuanjun  and
      Chu, Yunfei  and
      Liu, Zemin  and
      Lin, Junyang",
    editor = "Che, Wanxiang  and
      Nabende, Joyce  and
      Shutova, Ekaterina  and
      Pilehvar, Mohammad Taher",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 63rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2025",
    address = "Vienna, Austria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/ingestion-acl-25/2025.acl-long.1498/",
    pages = "31035--31046",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-251-0",
    abstract = "Building upon advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs), the field of audio processing has seen increased interest in training speech generation tasks with discrete speech token sequences. However, directly discretizing speech by neural audio codecs often results in sequences that fundamentally differ from text sequences. Unlike text, where text token sequences are deterministic, discrete speech tokens can exhibit significant variability based on contextual factors, while still producing perceptually identical audio segments. We refer to this phenomenon as Discrete Representation Inconsistency (DRI). This inconsistency can lead to a single speech segment being represented by multiple divergent sequences, which creates confusion in neural codec language models and results in poor generated speech. In this paper, we quantitatively analyze the DRI phenomenon within popular audio tokenizers such as EnCodec. Our approach effectively mitigates the DRI phenomenon of the neural audio codec. Furthermore, extensive experiments on the neural codec language model over LibriTTS and large-scale MLS dataset (44,000 hours) demonstrate the effectiveness and generality of our method. The demo of audio samples is available at https://consistencyinneuralcodec.github.io."
}