@inproceedings{koyama-etal-2025-targeted,
    title = "Targeted Syntactic Evaluation for Grammatical Error Correction",
    author = "Koyama, Aomi  and
      Mita, Masato  and
      Yoon, Su-Youn  and
      Takama, Yasufumi  and
      Komachi, Mamoru",
    editor = "Che, Wanxiang  and
      Nabende, Joyce  and
      Shutova, Ekaterina  and
      Pilehvar, Mohammad Taher",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 63rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2025",
    address = "Vienna, Austria",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/ingestion-acl-25/2025.acl-long.1026/",
    pages = "21108--21125",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-251-0",
    abstract = "Language learners encounter a wide range of grammar items across the beginner, intermediate, and advanced levels.To develop grammatical error correction (GEC) models effectively, it is crucial to identify which grammar items are easier or more challenging for models to correct. However, conventional benchmarks based on learner-produced texts are insufficient for conducting detailed evaluations of GEC model performance across a wide range of grammar items due to biases in their distribution.To address this issue, we propose a new evaluation paradigm that assesses GEC models using minimal pairs of ungrammatical and grammatical sentences for each grammar item. As the first benchmark within this paradigm, we introduce the CEFR-based Targeted Syntactic Evaluation Dataset for Grammatical Error Correction (CTSEG), which complements existing English benchmarks by enabling fine-grained analyses previously unattainable with conventional datasets. Using CTSEG, we evaluate three mainstream types of English GEC models: sequence-to-sequence models, sequence tagging models, and prompt-based models. The results indicate that while current models perform well on beginner-level grammar items, their performance deteriorates substantially for intermediate and advanced items."
}