@inproceedings{recasens-etal-2012-annotating,
    title = "Annotating Near-Identity from Coreference Disagreements",
    author = "Recasens, Marta  and
      Mart{\'i}, M. Ant{\`o}nia  and
      Orasan, Constantin",
    editor = "Calzolari, Nicoletta  and
      Choukri, Khalid  and
      Declerck, Thierry  and
      Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur  and
      Maegaard, Bente  and
      Mariani, Joseph  and
      Moreno, Asuncion  and
      Odijk, Jan  and
      Piperidis, Stelios",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)",
    month = may,
    year = "2012",
    address = "Istanbul, Turkey",
    publisher = "European Language Resources Association (ELRA)",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/ingest_wac_2008/L12-1391/",
    pages = "165--172",
    abstract = "We present an extension of the coreference annotation in the English NP4E and the Catalan AnCora-CA corpora with near-identity relations, which are borderline cases of coreference. The annotated subcorpora have 50K tokens each. Near-identity relations, as presented by Recasens et al. (2010; 2011), build upon the idea that identity is a continuum rather than an either/or relation, thus introducing a middle ground category to explain currently problematic cases. The first annotation effort that we describe shows that it is not possible to annotate near-identity explicitly because subjects are not fully aware of it. Therefore, our second annotation effort used an indirect method, and arrived at near-identity annotations by inference from the disagreements between five annotators who had only a two-alternative choice between coreference and non-coreference. The results show that whereas as little as 2-6{\%} of the relations were explicitly annotated as near-identity in the former effort, up to 12-16{\%} of the relations turned out to be near-identical following the indirect method of the latter effort."
}