RAG as a collapsed NLG pipeline

Adarsa Sivaprasad, Barkavi Sundararajan, David M. Howcroft


Abstract
The NLG pipeline of Reiter and Dale has long served as the foundational framework for data-to-text system design and evaluation. However its relationship to modern generative architec- tures remains underexplored. In this conceptual analysis, we argue that Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) constitutes a collapsed and partially reconstructed instantiation of the classical NLG pipeline, using it to identify failure modes of RAG around context faithfulness and retrieval non-determinism.
Anthology ID:
2026.retroeval-main.5
Volume:
Proceedings of the 1st Symposium on Natural Language Generation Evaluations
Month:
June
Year:
2026
Address:
Aberdeen, United Kingdom
Editors:
Saad Mahamood, David M. Howcroft, Kees van Deemter, Simone Balloccu, Adarsa Sivaprasad, Barkavi Sundararajan, Alberto Bugarín Diz, Jose María Alonso-Moral
Venue:
RetroEval
SIG:
Publisher:
Association for Computational Linguistics
Note:
Pages:
33–38
Language:
URL:
https://preview.aclanthology.org/ingest-retroeval/2026.retroeval-main.5/
DOI:
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Adarsa Sivaprasad, Barkavi Sundararajan, and David M. Howcroft. 2026. RAG as a collapsed NLG pipeline. In Proceedings of the 1st Symposium on Natural Language Generation Evaluations, pages 33–38, Aberdeen, United Kingdom. Association for Computational Linguistics.
Cite (Informal):
RAG as a collapsed NLG pipeline (Sivaprasad et al., RetroEval 2026)
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PDF:
https://preview.aclanthology.org/ingest-retroeval/2026.retroeval-main.5.pdf