Nikolaus Riemer Kankkonen


2026

This paper introduces a pose-based pipeline designed to support scalable annotation of headshakes in sign language corpora. Motivated by the scarcity of annotated datasets and the need for quantitative typological research, the study evaluates whether automated detection can reduce human annotation effort. The system operates on yaw trajectories extracted with MediaPipe Holistic and uses sliding-window segmentation with neural sequence models (LSTM/CNN) to surface candidate segments for review. Training and evaluation are conducted on a subset of the German Sign Language (DGS) Corpus annotated to target grammatical headshakes functioning as negation rather than for every instance of headshakes. On the DGS dataset the best performing LSTM model achieves an F2-score of 0.45, recall of 0.63. Despite the narrow annotation scope, the pipeline reduces search space: annotators need review only 13% of frames to recover 87% of labeled instances. Error analysis indicates that many false positives correspond to plausible head movements excluded by the annotation criteria. A pilot transfer to Swedish Sign Language shows reduced effectiveness without adaptation, underscoring the need for alignment in cross-lingual transfer scenarios.

2024

2020

In this paper we describe STS-korpus, a web corpus tool for Swedish Sign Language (STS) which we have built during the past year, and which is now publicly available on the internet. STS-korpus uses the data of Swedish Sign Language Corpus (SSLC) and is primarily intended for teachers and students of sign language. As such it is created to be simple and user-friendly with no download or setup required. The user interface allows for searching – with search results displayed as a simple concordance – and viewing of videos with annotations. Each annotation also provides additional data and links to the corresponding entry in the online Swedish Sign Language Dictionary. We describe the corpus, its appearance and search syntax, as well as more advanced features like access control and dynamic content. Finally we say a word or two about the role we hope it will play in the classroom, and something about the development process and the software used. STS-korpus is available here: https://teckensprakskorpus.su.se