We present GS-BrainText, a curated dataset of 8,511 brain radiology reports from the Generation Scotland cohort, of which 2,431 are annotated for 24 brain disease phenotypes. This multi-site dataset spans five Scottish NHS health boards and includes broad age representation (mean age 58, median age 53), making it uniquely valuable for developing and evaluating generalisable clinical natural language processing (NLP) algorithms and tools. Expert annotations were performed by a multidisciplinary clinical team using an annotation schema, with 10–100% double annotation per NHS health board and rigorous quality assurance. Benchmark evaluation using EdIE-R, an existing rule-based NLP system developed in conjunction with the annotation schema, revealed some performance variation across health boards (F1: 86.13-98.13), phenotypes (F1: 22.22-100) and age groups (F1: 87.01-98.13), highlighting critical challenges in generalisation of NLP tools. The GS-BrainText dataset addresses a significant gap in available UK clinical text resources and provides a valuable resource for the study of linguistic variation, diagnostic uncertainty expression and the impact of data characteristics on NLP system performance.

Understanding what is expected of academic writing can be difficult for novice writers to assimilate, and recent years have seen several automated tools become available to support academic writing. Our work presents a framework for annotating features of the Related Work section of academic writing, that supports writer feedback.

The ability to produce high-quality publishable material is critical to academic success but many Post-Graduate students struggle to learn to do so. While recent years have seen an increase in tools designed to provide feedback on aspects of writing, one aspect that has so far been neglected is the Related Work section of academic research papers. To address this, we have trained a supervised classifier on a corpus of 94 Related Work sections and evaluated it against a manually annotated gold standard. The classifier uses novel features pertaining to citation types and co-reference, along with patterns found from studying Related Works. We show that these novel features contribute to classifier performance with performance being favourable compared to other similar works that classify author intentions and consider feedback for academic writing.