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  pages={7--16},
  year={2017}
}

@article{noever2018machine,
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}

@inproceedings{lei2016rationalizing,
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  year={2016}
}

@inproceedings{prabhumoye2018style,
  title={Style transfer through back-translation},
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  year={2018}
}

@inproceedings{napoles2017finding,
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  booktitle={Proceedings of the 11th Linguistic Annotation Workshop},
  year={2017}
}

@book{rubin1994social,
  title={Social conflict: Escalation, stalemate, and settlement},
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  year={1994},
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@article{oraby2017creating,
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  year={2017}
}
@book{gottman1999marriage,
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}

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  number={2},
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  year={2005},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}

@article{markey2000bystander,
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  year={2000},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}

@article{glick2001ambivalent,
  title={An ambivalent alliance: Hostile and benevolent sexism as complementary justifications for gender inequality.},
  author={Glick, Peter and Fiske, Susan T},
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  volume={56},
  number={2},
  pages={109},
  year={2001},
  publisher={American Psychological Association}
}

@inproceedings{diakopoulos2011towards,
  title={Towards quality discourse in online news comments},
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  pages={133--142},
  year={2011},
  organization={acm}
}

@article{diakopoulos2015picking,
  title={Picking the NYT picks: Editorial criteria and automation in the curation of online news comments},
  author={Diakopoulos, Nicholas},
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  volume={6},
  number={1},
  pages={147--166},
  year={2015},
  publisher={Citeseer}
}

@article{blackwell2017classification,
  title={Classification and its consequences for online harassment: Design insights from Heartmob},
  author={Blackwell, Lindsay and Dimond, Jill and Schoenebeck, Sarita and Lampe, Cliff},
  journal={Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction},
  volume={1},
  number={CSCW},
  pages={24},
  year={2017},
  publisher={ACM}
}

@article{Nadal2014,
author = {Nadal, Kevin L. and Griffin, Katie E. and Wong, Yinglee and Hamit, Sahran and Rasmus, Morgan},
doi = {10.1002/j.1556-6676.2014.00130.x},
isbn = {07489633},
issn = {15566676},
journal = {Journal of Counseling and Development},
number = {1},
pages = {57--66},
pmid = {93468959},
title = {{The impact of racial microaggressions on mental health: Counseling implications for clients of color}},
volume = {92},
year = {2014}
}


@article{Sue2007,
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  arxivId = {arXiv:1011.1669v3},
  author = {Sue, Derald Wing and Capodilupo, Christina M and Torino, Gina C and Bucceri, Jennifer M and Holder, Aisha M.B. B. and Nadal, Kevin L and Esquilin, Marta},
  doi = {10.1037/0003-066X.62.4.271},
  eprint = {arXiv:1011.1669v3},
  isbn = {0003-066X (Print) 0003-066X (Linking)},
  issn = {1935-990X},
  journal = {American Psychologist},
  keywords = {Attributional ambiguity,Helping professions,Microaggression,Microassault,Microinsult,Microinvalidation,Racial/ethnic minorities,Racism},
  number = {4},
  pages = {271--286},
  pmid = {17516773},
  title = {{Racial microaggressions in everyday life: Implications for clinical practice}},
  url = {http://doi.apa.org/getdoi.cfm?doi=10.1037/0003-066X.62.4.271},
  volume = {62},
  year = {2007}
}

@book{Sue2010,
  address = {Hoboken, NJ},
  author = {Sue, Derald Wing},
  isbn = {978-0470491409},
  pages = {1--352},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  title = {{Microaggressions in Everyday Life: Race, Gender, and Sexual Orientation}},
  year = {2010}
}

@inproceedings{mahar2018squadbox,
  title={Squadbox: A Tool To Combat Online Harassment Using Friendsourced Moderation},
  author={Mahar, Kaitlin and Zhang, Amy X and Karger, David},
  booktitle={Extended Abstracts of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems},
  pages={D401},
  year={2018},
  organization={ACM}
}

@book{siegel2015sectarian,
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  volume={20},
  year={2015},
  publisher={Carnegie Endowment for International Peace}
}

@inproceedings{pater2016characterizations,
  title={Characterizations of online harassment: Comparing policies across social media platforms},
  author={Pater, Jessica A and Kim, Moon K and Mynatt, Elizabeth D and Fiesler, Casey},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Supporting Group Work},
  pages={369--374},
  year={2016},
  organization={ACM}
}

@inproceedings{blackwell2018online,
  title={When Online Harassment is Perceived as Justified},
  author={Blackwell, Lindsay and Chen, Tianying and Schoenebeck, Sarita and Lampe, Cliff},
  booktitle={Twelfth International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media},
  year={2018}
}


@inproceedings{gao2017detecting,
  title={Detecting online hate speech using context aware models},
  author={Gao, Lei and Huang, Ruihong},
  booktitle={Proceedings of RANLP},
  year={2017}
}

@book{bowker2000sorting,
  title={Sorting things out: Classification and its consequences},
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  publisher={MIT press}
}

@book{noble2018algorithms,
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  author={Noble, Safiya Umoja},
  year={2018},
  publisher={NYU Press}
}

@article{dinakar2012common,
  title={Common sense reasoning for detection, prevention, and mitigation of cyberbullying},
  author={Dinakar, Karthik and Jones, Birago and Havasi, Catherine and Lieberman, Henry and Picard, Rosalind},
  journal={ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems (TiiS)},
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  number={3},
  pages={18},
  year={2012},
  publisher={ACM}
}

@inproceedings{elsherief2018peer,
  title={Peer to peer hate: Hate speech instigators and their targets},
  author={ElSherief, Mai and Nilizadeh, Shirin and Nguyen, Dana and Vigna, Giovanni and Belding, Elizabeth},
  booktitle={Twelfth International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media},
  year={2018}
}

@article{munger2017tweetment,
  title={Tweetment effects on the tweeted: Experimentally reducing racist harassment},
  author={Munger, Kevin},
  journal={Political Behavior},
  volume={39},
  number={3},
  pages={629--649},
  year={2017},
  publisher={Springer}
}

@inproceedings{castelle2018linguistic,
  title={The Linguistic Ideologies of Deep Abusive Language Classification},
  author={Castelle, Michael},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Abusive Language Online (ALW2)},
  pages={160--170},
  year={2018}
}

@inproceedings{kennedy2017technology,
  title={Technology solutions to combat online harassment},
  author={Kennedy, George and McCollough, Andrew and Dixon, Edward and Bastidas, Alexei and Ryan, John and Loo, Chris and Sahay, Saurav},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the first workshop on abusive language online},
  pages={73--77},
  year={2017}
}

@inproceedings{cheng2017anyone,
  title={Anyone can become a troll: Causes of trolling behavior in online discussions},
  author={Cheng, Justin and Bernstein, Michael and Danescu-Niculescu-Mizil, Cristian and Leskovec, Jure},
  booktitle={Proceedings of CSCW},
  pages={1217--1230},
  year={2017},
  organization={ACM}
}

@inproceedings{liu2018forecasting,
  title={Forecasting the presence and intensity of hostility on Instagram using linguistic and social features},
  author={Liu, Ping and Guberman, Joshua and Hemphill, Libby and Culotta, Aron},
  booktitle={Proceedings of ICWSM},
  year={2018}
}

@inproceedings{clarke2017dimensions,
  title={Dimensions of abusive language on twitter},
  author={Clarke, Isobelle and Grieve, Jack},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the first workshop on abusive language online},
  pages={1--10},
  year={2017}
}

@article{dillon2015unresponsive,
  title={Unresponsive or un-noticed?: Cyberbystander intervention in an experimental cyberbullying context},
  author={Dillon, Kelly P and Bushman, Brad J},
  journal={Computers in Human Behavior},
  volume={45},
  pages={144--150},
  year={2015},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}

@inproceedings{wright2017vectors,
  title={Vectors for counterspeech on Twitter},
  author={Wright, Lucas and Ruths, Derek and Dillon, Kelly P and Saleem, Haji Mohammad and Benesch, Susan},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the First Workshop on Abusive Language Online},
  pages={57--62},
  year={2017}
}

@inproceedings{kolhatkar2017constructive,
  title={Constructive language in news comments},
  author={Kolhatkar, Varada and Taboada, Maite},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the Workshop on Abusive Language Online},
  year={2017}
}

@inproceedings{gao2017recognizing,
  title={Recognizing explicit and implicit hate speech using a weakly supervised two-path bootstrapping approach},
  author={Gao, Lei and Kuppersmith, Alexis and Huang, Ruihong},
  booktitle={Proceedings of ICJNLP},
  year={2017}
}

@article{fortuna2018survey,
  title={A survey on automatic detection of hate speech in text},
  author={Fortuna, Paula and Nunes, S{\'e}rgio},
  journal={ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)},
  volume={51},
  number={4},
  pages={85},
  year={2018},
  publisher={ACM}
}

@inproceedings{waseem2016hateful,
  title={Hateful symbols or hateful people? predictive features for hate speech detection on twitter},
  author={Waseem, Zeerak and Hovy, Dirk},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the NAACL student research workshop},
  pages={88--93},
  year={2016}
}

@inproceedings{magno2014international,
  title={International gender differences and gaps in online social networks},
  author={Magno, Gabriel and Weber, Ingmar},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the International Conference on Social Informatics (SocInfo)},
  pages={121--138},
  year={2014},
  organization={Springer}
}
@article{li2018research,
  title={Research on Gender Differences in Online Health Communities},
  author={Li, Jia and Liu, Xuan and Sun, Min},
  journal={International Journal of Medical Informatics},
  year={2018},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}


@article{althoff2016large,
  title={Large-scale analysis of counseling conversations: An application of natural language processing to mental health},
  author={Althoff, Tim and Clark, Kevin and Leskovec, Jure},
  journal={Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics (TACL)},
  volume={4},
  pages={463},
  year={2016},
  publisher={NIH Public Access}
}


@BOOK{Tyler2002-yj,
  title     = "Trust in the Law: Encouraging Public Cooperation with the Police and Courts",
  author    = "Tyler, Tom R and Huo, Yuen",
  publisher = "Russell Sage Foundation",
  month     =  oct,
  year      =  2002,
  language  = "en"
}



@ARTICLE{Nagin2017-sf,
  title     = "Procedural Justice and Legal Compliance",
  author    = "Nagin, Daniel S and Telep, Cody W",
  journal   = "Annual Review of Law and Social Science",
  publisher = "Annual Reviews",
  volume    =  13,
  number    =  1,
  pages     = "5--28",
  month     =  oct,
  year      =  2017
}



@ARTICLE{Sherman2003-tu,
  title    = "Reason for emotion: Reinventing justice with theories,
              innovations, and research---the American Society of Criminology
              2002 Presidential Address",
  author   = "Sherman, Lawrence W",
  journal  = "Criminology",
  volume   =  41,
  number   =  1,
  pages    = "1--38",
  month    =  feb,
  year     =  2003
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{Martens2015-bl,
  title     = "Toxicity detection in multiplayer online games",
  booktitle = "2015 International Workshop on Network and Systems Support for
               Games ({NetGames})",
  author    = "M{\"a}rtens, Marcus and Shen, Siqi and Iosup, Alexandru and
               Kuipers, Fernando",
  pages     = "1--6",
  month     =  dec,
  year      =  2015,
  keywords  = "Internet;computer games;computer mediated communication;natural
               language processing;social aspects of automation;MOBA
               game;chat-logs;communication channels;entertainment
               games;multiplayer online battle arena game;multiplayer online
               games;natural language processing framework;social
               interactions;toxic player-community;toxicity detection;undesired
               behavior;unintended behavior"
}

@inproceedings{pater2014just,
  title={Just awful enough: the functional dysfunction of the something awful forums},
  author={Pater, Jessica Annette and Nadji, Yacin and Mynatt, Elizabeth D and Bruckman, Amy S},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the 32nd annual ACM conference on Human factors in computing systems},
  pages={2407--2410},
  year={2014},
  organization={ACM}
}

@article{kiesler2012regulating,
  title={Regulating behavior in online communities},
  author={Kiesler, Sara and Kraut, Robert and Resnick, Paul and Kittur, Aniket},
  journal={Building Successful Online Communities: Evidence-Based Social Design. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA},
  pages={125--178},
   year={2012}
}

@article{papacharissi2004democracy,
  title={Democracy online: Civility, politeness, and the democratic potential of online political discussion groups},
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  journal={New media \& society},
  volume={6},
  number={2},
  pages={259--283},
  year={2004},
  publisher={Sage Publications}
}

@article{dibbell1994rape,
  title={A rape in cyberspace or how an evil clown, a Haitian trickster spirit, two wizards, and a cast of dozens turned a database into a society},
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  pages={471},
  year={1994},
  publisher={HeinOnline}
}

@article{lapidot2012effects,
  title={Effects of anonymity, invisibility, and lack of eye-contact on toxic online disinhibition},
  author={Lapidot-Lefler, Noam and Barak, Azy},
  journal={Computers in human behavior},
  volume={28},
  number={2},
  pages={434--443},
  year={2012},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}

@article{preece2004etiquette,
  title={Etiquette online: from nice to necessary},
  author={Preece, Jenny},
  journal={Communications of the ACM},
  volume={47},
  number={4},
  pages={56--61},
  year={2004},
  publisher={ACM}
}

@book{shapiro1985toward,
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  year={1985},
  publisher={ERIC}
}

@article{spears1990individuation,
  title={De-individuation and group polarization in computer-mediated communication},
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  journal={British Journal of Social Psychology},
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}

@article{suler2004online,
  title={The online disinhibition effect},
  author={Suler, John},
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  volume={7},
  number={3},
  pages={321--326},
  year={2004},
  publisher={Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.}
}

@inproceedings{fredheim2015anonymity,
  title={Anonymity and online commenting: The broken windows effect and the end of drive-by commenting},
  author={Fredheim, Rolf and Moore, Alfred and Naughton, John},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the ACM Web Science Conference},
  pages={11},
  year={2015},
  organization={ACM}
}

@article{herring2002searching,
  title={Searching for safety online: Managing" trolling" in a feminist forum},
  author={Herring, Susan and Job-Sluder, Kirk and Scheckler, Rebecca and Barab, Sasha},
  journal={The information society},
  volume={18},
  number={5},
  pages={371--384},
  year={2002},
  publisher={Taylor \& Francis}
}

@article{buckels2014trolls,
  title={Trolls just want to have fun},
  author={Buckels, Erin E and Trapnell, Paul D and Paulhus, Delroy L},
  journal={Personality and individual Differences},
  volume={67},
  pages={97--102},
  year={2014},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}

@article{coe2014online,
  title={Online and uncivil? Patterns and determinants of incivility in newspaper website comments},
  author={Coe, Kevin and Kenski, Kate and Rains, Stephen A},
  journal={Journal of Communication},
  volume={64},
  number={4},
  pages={658--679},
  year={2014},
  publisher={Oxford University Press}
}

@article{drake2015darkest,
  title={The darkest side of online harassment: Menacing behavior},
  author={Drake, Bruce},
  journal = {Pew Research Center, http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/06/01/the-darkest-side-of-online-harassment-menacing-behavior/},
  year={2014}
}

@incollection{cialdini1998social,
  title={Social influence: Social norms, conformity and compliance},
  author={Cialdini, Robert B and Trost, Melanie R},
  year={1998},
  editor={D. T. Gilbert and S. T. Fiske and G. Lindzey},
  booktitle={The handbook of social psychology},
  pages={151--192},
  publisher={McGraw-Hill}
}

@article{cialdini1990focus,
  title={A focus theory of normative conduct: Recycling the concept of norms to reduce littering in public places.},
  author={Cialdini, Robert B and Reno, Raymond R and Kallgren, Carl A},
  journal={Journal of personality and social psychology},
  volume={58},
  number={6},
  pages={1015},
  year={1990},
  publisher={American Psychological Association}
}

@incollection{cialdini1991focus,
  title={A focus theory of normative conduct: A theoretical refinement and reevaluation of the role of norms in human behavior},
  author={Cialdini, Robert B and Kallgren, Carl A and Reno, Raymond R},
  booktitle={Advances in experimental social psychology},
  volume={24},
  pages={201--234},
  year={1991},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}

@book{triandis1994culture,
  title={Culture and social behavior},
  author={Triandis, Harry Charalambos},
  year={1994},
  publisher={McGraw-Hill New York}
}

@article{civility2014natural,
  title={A Natural Experiment Examining the Effects of Distributed Moderation in Online Forums/C. Lampe, P. Zube, J. Lee et al},
  author={Civility, Crowdsourcing},
  journal={Government Information Quarterly},
  volume={31},
  number={2},
  pages={317--326},
  year={2014}
}
@inproceedings{casey2018reddit,
  title={Reddit Rules! Characterizing an Ecosystem of Governance},
  author={Fiesler, Casey and Jiang, Jialun ``Aaron'' and McCann, Joshua and Frye, Kyle and Brubaker, Jed R. },
  booktitle={Proceedings of the 2018 AAAI International Conference on Web and Social Media},
  year={2018},
  organization = {ICWSM}
}

@article{chandrasekharan2018internet,
  title={The Internet's Hidden Rules: An Empirical Study of Reddit Norm Violations at Micro, Meso, and Macro Scales},
  author={Chandrasekharan, Eshwar and Samory, Mattia and Jhaver, Shagun and Charvat, Hunter and Bruckman, Amy and Lampe, Cliff and Eisenstein, Jacob and Gilbert, Eric},
  journal={Proceedings of CSCW},
  year={2018},
}

@article{chandrasekharan2017you,
  title={You can't stay here: The efficacy of reddit's 2015 ban examined through hate speech},
  author={Chandrasekharan, Eshwar and Pavalanathan, Umashanthi and Srinivasan, Anirudh and Glynn, Adam and Eisenstein, Jacob and Gilbert, Eric},
  journal={Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction},
  volume={1},
  number={CSCW},
  pages={31},
  year={2017},
  publisher={ACM}
}

@book{lessig1999code,
  title={Code and other laws of cyberspace},
  author={Lessig, Lawrence},
  volume={3},
  year={1999},
  publisher={Basic books New York}
}

@inproceedings{bernstein20114chan,
  title={4chan and/b: An Analysis of Anonymity and Ephemerality in a Large Online Community},
  author={Bernstein, Michael Scott and Monroy-Hern{\'a}ndez, Andr{\'e}s and Harry, Drew and Andr{\'e}, Paul and Panovich, Katrina and Vargas, Greg},
  booktitle={Fifth International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media},
  year={2011}
}



@ARTICLE{Filipovic2007-sr,
  title    = "Blogging While Female: How Internet Misogyny Parallels
              ``{Real-World}'' Harassment",
  author   = "Filipovic, Jill",
  journal  = "Yale J. Law Fem.",
  volume   =  19,
  number   =  1,
  year     =  2007
}


@BOOK{Sen2011-ch,
  title     = "The Idea of Justice",
  author    = "Sen, Amartya",
  publisher = "Belknap Press: An Imprint of Harvard University Press",
  edition   = "Reprint edition",
  month     =  may,
  year      =  2011,
  language  = "en"
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{ElSherief2018-mm,
  title      = "Hate Lingo: A Target-based Linguistic Analysis of Hate Speech
                in Social Media",
  booktitle  = "International {AAAI} Conference on Web and Social Media",
  author     = "ElSherief, Mai and Kulkarni, Vivek and Nguyen, Dana and Wang,
                William Yang and Belding, Elizabeth",
  abstract   = "While social media empowers freedom of expression and
                individual voices, it also enables anti-social behavior, online
                harassment, cyberbullying, and hate speech. In this paper, we
                deepen our understanding of online hate speech by focusing on a
                largely neglected but crucial aspect of hate speech -- its
                target: either ``directed'' towards a specific person or
                entity, or ``generalized'' towards a group of people sharing a
                common protected characteristic. We perform the first
                linguistic and psycholinguistic analysis of these two forms of
                hate speech and reveal the presence of interesting markers that
                distinguish these types of hate speech. Our analysis reveals
                that Directed hate speech, in addition to being more personal
                and directed, is more informal, angrier, and often explicitly
                attacks the target (via name calling) with fewer analytic words
                and more words suggesting authority and influence. Generalized
                hate speech, on the other hand, is dominated by religious hate,
                is characterized by the use of lethal words such as murder,
                exterminate, and kill; and quantity words such as million and
                many. Altogether, our work provides a data-driven analysis of
                the nuances of online-hate speech that enables not only a
                deepened understanding of hate speech and its social
                implications but also its detection.",
  month      =  apr,
  year       =  2018,
  conference = "ICWSM"
}

@ARTICLE{Shepherd2015-sc,
  title     = "Histories of Hating",
  author    = "Shepherd, Tamara and Harvey, Alison and Jordan, Tim and Srauy,
               Sam and Miltner, Kate",
  abstract  = "This roundtable discussion presents a dialogue between digital
               culture scholars on the seemingly increased presence of hating
               and hate speech online. Revolving primarily around the recent
               \#GamerGate campaign of intensely misogynistic discourse aimed
               at women in video games, the discussion suggests that the
               current moment for hate online needs to be situated
               historically. From the perspective of intersecting cultural
               histories of hate speech, discrimination, and networked
               communication, we interrogate the ontological specificity of
               online hating before going on to explore potential responses to
               the harmful consequences of hateful speech. Finally, a research
               agenda for furthering the historical understandings of
               contemporary online hating is suggested in order to address the
               urgent need for scholarly interventions into the exclusionary
               cultures of networked media.",
  journal   = "Social Media + Society",
  publisher = "SAGE Publications Ltd",
  volume    =  1,
  number    =  2,
  pages     = "2056305115603997",
  month     =  sep,
  year      =  2015
}

@BOOK{Phillips2015-lr,
  title     = "This Is Why We Can't Have Nice Things: Mapping the Relationship
               Between Online Trolling and Mainstream Culture",
  author    = "Phillips, Whitney",
  abstract  = "Internet trolls live to upset as many people as possible, using
               all the technical and psychological tools at their disposal.
               They gleefully whip the media into a frenzy over a fake teen
               drug crisis; they post offensive messages on Facebook memorial
               pages, traumatizing grief-stricken friends and family; they use
               unabashedly racist language and images. They take pleasure in
               ruining a complete stranger's day and find amusement in their
               victim's anguish. In short, trolling is the obstacle to a
               kinder, gentler Internet. To quote a famous Internet meme,
               trolling is why we can't have nice things online. Or at least
               that's what we have been led to believe. In this provocative
               book, Whitney Phillips argues that trolling, widely condemned as
               obscene and deviant, actually fits comfortably within the
               contemporary media landscape. Trolling may be obscene, but,
               Phillips argues, it isn't all that deviant. Trolls' actions are
               born of and fueled by culturally sanctioned impulses -- which
               are just as damaging as the trolls' most disruptive behaviors.
               Phillips describes, for example, the relationship between
               trolling and sensationalist corporate media -- pointing out that
               for trolls, exploitation is a leisure activity; for media, it's
               a business strategy. She shows how trolls, ``the grimacing
               poster children for a socially networked world,'' align with
               social media. And she documents how trolls, in addition to
               parroting media tropes, also offer a grotesque pantomime of
               dominant cultural tropes, including gendered notions of
               dominance and success and an ideology of entitlement. We don't
               just have a trolling problem, Phillips argues; we have a culture
               problem. This Is Why We Can't Have Nice Things isn't only about
               trolls; it's about a culture in which trolls thrive.",
  publisher = "MIT Press",
  month     =  feb,
  year      =  2015,
  language  = "en"
}

@ARTICLE{Fraser1990-lu,
  title    = "Rethinking the Public Sphere: A Contribution to the Critique of
              Actually Existing Democracy",
  author   = "Fraser, Nancy",
  journal  = "Social Text",
  number   = "25/26",
  pages    = "56--80",
  month    =  jan,
  year     =  1990
}

@INCOLLECTION{Foucault1981-pq,
  title     = "The Order of Discourse",
  booktitle = "Untying the Text: A {Post-Structuralist} Reader",
  author    = "Foucault, Michel",
  editor    = "Young, Robert",
  publisher = "Routledge and Kegan Paul",
  pages     = "48--78",
  year      =  1981,
  address   = "Boston, MA, USA"
}

@ARTICLE{Papacharissi2002-hf,
  title     = "The virtual sphere: The internet as a public sphere",
  author    = "Papacharissi, Zizi",
  abstract  = "The internet and its surrounding technologies hold the promise
               of reviving the public sphere; however, several aspects of these
               new technologies simultaneously curtail and augment that
               potential. First, the data storage and retrieval capabilities of
               internet-based technologies infuse political discussion with
               information otherwise unavailable. At the same time, information
               access inequalities and new media literacy compromise the
               representativeness of the virtual sphere. Second, internet-based
               technologies enable discussion between people on far sides of
               the globe, but also frequently fragmentize political discourse.
               Third, given the patterns of global capitalism, it is possible
               that internet-based technologies will adapt themselves to the
               current political culture, rather than create a new one. The
               internet and related technologies have created a new public
               space for politically oriented conversation; whether this public
               space transcends to a public sphere is not up to the technology
               itself.",
  journal   = "New Media \& Society",
  publisher = "SAGE Publications",
  volume    =  4,
  number    =  1,
  pages     = "9--27",
  month     =  feb,
  year      =  2002
}



@BOOK{Foucault1972-bs,
  title     = "The Archaeology of Knowledge \& The Discourse on Language",
  author    = "Foucault, Michel",
  abstract  = "Madness, sexuality, power, knowledge-are these facts of life or
               simply parts of speech? In a series of works of astonishing
               brilliance, historian Michel Foucault excavated the hidden
               assumptions that govern the way we live and the way we think.
               The Archaeology of Knowledge begins at the level of 'things
               said' and moves quickly to illuminate the connections between
               knowledge, language, and action in a style at once profound and
               personal.",
  publisher = "Pantheon Books",
  year      =  1972,
  address   = "New York",
  language  = "en"
}


@BOOK{Noble2018-ip,
  title     = "Algorithms of Oppression: How Search Engines Reinforce Racism",
  author    = "Noble, Safiya Umoja",
  abstract  = "As seen in Wired and Time A revealing look at how negative
               biases against women of color are embedded in search engine
               results and algorithms Run a Google search for ``black
               girls''---what will you find? ``Big Booty'' and other sexually
               explicit terms are likely to come up as top search terms. But,
               if you type in ``white girls,'' the results are radically
               different. The suggested porn sites and un-moderated discussions
               about ``why black women are so sassy'' or ``why black women are
               so angry'' presents a disturbing portrait of black womanhood in
               modern society. In Algorithms of Oppression, Safiya Umoja Noble
               challenges the idea that search engines like Google offer an
               equal playing field for all forms of ideas, identities, and
               activities. Data discrimination is a real social problem; Noble
               argues that the combination of private interests in promoting
               certain sites, along with the monopoly status of a relatively
               small number of Internet search engines, leads to a biased set
               of search algorithms that privilege whiteness and discriminate
               against people of color, specifically women of color. Through an
               analysis of textual and media searches as well as extensive
               research on paid online advertising, Noble exposes a culture of
               racism and sexism in the way discoverability is created online.
               As search engines and their related companies grow in
               importance---operating as a source for email, a major vehicle
               for primary and secondary school learning, and
               beyond---understanding and reversing these disquieting trends
               and discriminatory practices is of utmost importance. An
               original, surprising and, at times, disturbing account of bias
               on the internet, Algorithms of Oppression contributes to our
               understanding of how racism is created, maintained, and
               disseminated in the 21st century. Safiya Noble discusses search
               engine bias in an interview with USC Annenberg School for
               Communication and Journalism",
  publisher = "NYU Press",
  month     =  feb,
  year      =  2018,
  language  = "en"
}


@ARTICLE{Nussbaum2003-ia,
  title     = "Capabilities as fundamental entitlements: Sen and social justice",
  author    = "Nussbaum, Martha",
  abstract  = "Amartya Sen has made a major contribution to the theory of
               social justice, and of gender justice, by arguing that
               capabilities are the relevant space of comparison when
               justice-related issues are considered. This article supports
               Sen's idea, arguing that capabilities supply guidance superior
               to that of utility and resources (the view's familiar
               opponents), but also to that of the social contract tradition,
               and at least some accounts of human rights. But I argue that
               capabilities can help us to construct a normative conception of
               social justice, with critical potential for gender issues, only
               if we specify a definite set of capabilities as the most
               important ones to protect. Sen's ``perspective of freedom'' is
               too vague. Some freedoms limit others; some freedoms are
               important, some trivial, some good, and some positively bad.
               Before the approach can offer a valuable normative gender
               perspective, we must make commitments about substance.",
  journal   = "Feminist Economics",
  publisher = "Routledge",
  volume    =  9,
  number    = "2-3",
  pages     = "33--59",
  month     =  jan,
  year      =  2003
}


@MISC{King1963-is,
  title    = "Letter from a Birmingham Jail",
  author   = "King, Martin Luther",
  series   = "Articles, Papers, and Abstracts",
  year     =  1963
}


@MISC{Anti-Defamation_League2019-xf,
  title        = "Online Hate and Harassment: The American Experience",
  author       = "{Anti-Defamation League}",
  abstract     = "ADL's Center for Technology and Society has released the
                  results of a nationally representative survey on online hate
                  and harassment in America. Thirty-seven percent of Americans
                  experienced severe online hate and harassment in 2018,
                  including sexual harassment, stalking, physical threats or
                  sustained harassment, whereas over half of Americans have
                  experienced some form of online harassment. Read the full
                  report here.",
  year         =  2019,
  howpublished = "\url{https://www.adl.org/onlineharassment}",
  note         = "Accessed: 2019-3-4"
}



@INPROCEEDINGS{Davidson2017-ua,
  title     = "Automated Hate Speech Detection and the Problem of Offensive
               Language",
  booktitle = "Eleventh International {AAAI} Conference on Web and Social Media",
  author    = "Davidson, Thomas and Warmsley, Dana and Macy, Michael and Weber,
               Ingmar",
  abstract  = "A key challenge for automatic hate-speech detection on social
               media is the separation of hate speech from other instances of
               offensive language. Lexical detection methods tend to have low
               precision because they classify all messages containing
               particular terms as hate speech and previous work using
               supervised learning has failed to distinguish between the two
               categories. We used a crowd-sourced hate speech lexicon to
               collect tweets containing hate speech keywords. We use
               crowd-sourcing to label a sample of these tweets into three
               categories: those containing hate speech, only offensive
               language, and those with neither. We train a multi-class
               classifier to distinguish between these different categories.
               Close analysis of the predictions and the errors shows when we
               can reliably separate hate speech from other offensive language
               and when this differentiation is more difficult. We find that
               racist and homophobic tweets are more likely to be classified as
               hate speech but that sexist tweets are generally classified as
               offensive. Tweets without explicit hate keywords are also more
               difficult to classify.",
  month     =  may,
  year      =  2017,
  language  = "en"
}


% The entry below contains non-ASCII chars that could not be converted
% to a LaTeX equivalent.
@INPROCEEDINGS{Nobata2016-om,
  title     = "Abusive Language Detection in Online User Content",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on World Wide
               Web",
  author    = "Nobata, Chikashi and Tetreault, Joel and Thomas, Achint and
               Mehdad, Yashar and Chang, Yi",
  abstract  = "Detection of abusive language in user generated online content
               has become an issue of increasing importance in recent years.
               Most current commercial methods make use of blacklists and
               regular expressions, however these measures fall short when
               contending with more subtle, less ham-fisted examples of hate
               speech. In this work, we develop a machine learning based method
               to detect hate speech on online user comments from two domains
               which outperforms a state-of-the-art deep learning approach. We
               also develop a corpus of …",
  publisher = "International World Wide Web Conferences Steering Committee",
  pages     = "145--153",
  series    = "WWW '16",
  year      =  2016,
  address   = "Republic and Canton of Geneva, Switzerland",
  keywords  = "abusive language, discourse classification, hate speech, natural
               language processing, nlp, stylistic classification",
  location  = "Montr{\'e}al, Qu{\'e}bec, Canada"
}



@BOOK{Braithwaite2002-ca,
  title     = "Restorative Justice \& Responsive Regulation",
  author    = "Braithwaite, John",
  abstract  = "Braithwaite's argument against punitive justice systems and for
               restorative justice systems establishes that there are good
               theoretical and empirical grounds for anticipating that well
               designed restorative justice processes will restore victims,
               offenders, and communities better than existing criminal justice
               practices. Counterintuitively, he also shows that a restorative
               justice system may deter, incapacitate, and rehabilitate more
               effectively than a punitive system. This is particularly true
               when the restorative justice system is embedded in a responsive
               regulatory framework that opts for deterrence only after
               restoration repeatedly fails, and incapacitation only after
               escalated deterrence fails. Braithwaite's empirical research
               demonstrates that active deterrence under the dynamic regulatory
               pyramid that is a hallmark of the restorative justice system he
               supports, is far more effective than the passive deterrence that
               is notable in the stricter ``sentencing grid'' of current
               criminal justice systems.",
  publisher = "Oxford University Press",
  year      =  2002,
  language  = "en"
}


@article{jaffe2016swatting,
  title={Swatting: the new cyberbullying frontier after Elonis v. United States},
  author={Jaffe, Elizabeth M},
  journal={Drake L. Rev.},
  volume={64},
  pages={455},
  year={2016},
  publisher={HeinOnline}
}

@article{latonero2011human,
  title={Human trafficking online: The role of social networking sites and online classifieds},
  author={Latonero, Mark},
  year={2011},
  journal={Available at SSRN}
}

@article{holt2010considering,
  title={Considering the pedophile subculture online},
  author={Holt, Thomas J and Blevins, Kristie R and Burkert, Natasha},
  journal={Sexual Abuse},
  volume={22},
  number={1},
  pages={3--24},
  year={2010},
  publisher={Sage Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA}
}

@inproceedings{samory2018conspiracies,
  title={Conspiracies Online: User Discussions in a Conspiracy Community Following Dramatic Events},
  author={Samory, Mattia and Mitra, Tanushree},
  booktitle={Twelfth International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media},
  year={2018}
}

@article{oshikawa2018survey,
  title={A Survey on Natural Language Processing for Fake News Detection},
  author={Oshikawa, Ray and Qian, Jing and Wang, William Yang},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1811.00770},
  year={2018}
}

@inproceedings{tan2016winning,
  title={Winning arguments: Interaction dynamics and persuasion strategies in good-faith online discussions},
  author={Tan, Chenhao and Niculae, Vlad and Danescu-Niculescu-Mizil, Cristian and Lee, Lillian},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the 25th international conference on world wide web},
  pages={613--624},
  year={2016},
  organization={International World Wide Web Conferences Steering Committee}
}

@inproceedings{santos2018fighting,
  title={Fighting offensive language on social media with unsupervised text style transfer},
  author={Santos, Cicero Nogueira dos and Melnyk, Igor and Padhi, Inkit},
  booktitle={Proceedings of ACL},
  year={2018}
}

@article{whatsappfakenews2018,
  title={How Whatsapp Fuels Fake News and Violence in India},
  author={Timothy McLaughlin},
  journal = {https://www.wired.com/story/how-whatsapp-fuels-fake-news-and-violence-in-india/},
  month={December},
  year = {2018}
}

@article{roy20161115cuck,
  title={"'Cuck,''snowflake,''masculinist': A guide to the language of the'alt-right'},
  author={Roy, Jessica},
  journal={\url{http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-pol-alt-right-terminology-20161115-story.html). Los Angeles Times}},
  year=2016,
}

@article{mathew2018thou,
  title={Thou shalt not hate: Countering online hate speech},
  author={Mathew, Binny and Tharad, Hardik and Rajgaria, Subham and Singhania, Prajwal and Maity, Suman Kalyan and Goyal, Pawan and Mukherje, Animesh},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1808.04409},
  year={2018}
}
@inproceedings{schieb2016governing,
  title={Governing hate speech by means of counterspeech on Facebook},
  author={Schieb, Carla and Preuss, Mike},
  booktitle={Proceedings of ICA},
  pages={1--23},
  location={Fukuoka, Japan},
  year={2016}
}

@incollection{stroud2018varieties,
  title={The varieties of feminist counterspeech in the misogynistic online world},
  author={Stroud, Scott R and Cox, William},
  booktitle={Mediating Misogyny},
  pages={293--310},
  year={2018},
  publisher={Springer}
}


@ARTICLE{Culpeper1996-tj,
  title    = "Towards an anatomy of impoliteness",
  author   = "Culpeper, Jonathan",
  journal  = "J. Pragmat.",
  volume   =  25,
  number   =  3,
  pages    = "349--367",
  month    =  mar,
  year     =  1996
}


@ARTICLE{Allan2015-db,
  title    = "When is a slur not a slur? The use of nigger in `Pulp Fiction'",
  author   = "Allan, Keith",
  journal  = "Lang. Sci.",
  volume   =  52,
  pages    = "187--199",
  month    =  nov,
  year     =  2015,
  keywords = "Camaraderie; Colloquial style; Dysphemism; Racial stereotyping;
              Racism"
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{Guberman2017-sz,
  title           = "Challenges in modifying existing scales for detecting
                     harassment in individual tweets",
  booktitle       = "Proceedings of the 50th Hawaii International Conference on
                     System Sciences",
  author          = "Guberman, Joshua and Hemphill, Libby",
  year            =  2017,
  conference      = "Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences",
  location        = "Hilton Waikoloa Village, Hawaii"
}



@inproceedings{salminen2018anatomy,
  title={Anatomy of online hate: developing a taxonomy and machine learning models for identifying and classifying hate in online news media},
  author={Salminen, Joni and Almerekhi, Hind and Milenkovi{\'c}, Milica and Jung, Soon-gyo and An, Jisun and Kwak, Haewoon and Jansen, Bernard J},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the Twelfth International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media (ICWSM)},
  year={2018}
}

@article{duggan2017online,
  title={Online harassment 2017},
  author={Duggan, Maeve},
  year={2017},
  publisher={Pew Research Center}
}

@inproceedings{sukumaran2011normative,
  title={Normative influences on thoughtful online participation},
  author={Sukumaran, Abhay and Vezich, Stephanie and McHugh, Melanie and Nass, Clifford},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems},
  pages={3401--3410},
  year={2011},
  organization={ACM}
}

@incollection{waseem2018bridging,
  title={Bridging the Gaps: Multi Task Learning for Domain Transfer of Hate Speech Detection},
  author={Waseem, Zeerak and Thorne, James and Bingel, Joachim},
  booktitle={Online Harassment},
  pages={29--55},
  year={2018},
  publisher={Springer}
}

@inproceedings{chandrasekharan2017bag,
  title={The bag of communities: Identifying abusive behavior online with preexisting Internet data},
  author={Chandrasekharan, Eshwar and Samory, Mattia and Srinivasan, Anirudh and Gilbert, Eric},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems},
  pages={3175--3187},
  year={2017},
  organization={ACM}
}

@inproceedings{ribeiro2018characterizing,
  title={Characterizing and detecting hateful users on twitter},
  author={Ribeiro, Manoel Horta and Calais, Pedro H and Santos, Yuri A and Almeida, Virg{\'\i}lio AF and Meira Jr, Wagner},
  booktitle={Twelfth International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media},
  year={2018}
}

@article{cao2015targetvue,
  title={Targetvue: Visual analysis of anomalous user behaviors in online communication systems},
  author={Cao, Nan and Shi, Conglei and Lin, Sabrina and Lu, Jie and Lin, Yu-Ru and Lin, Ching-Yung},
  journal={IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics},
  volume={22},
  number={1},
  pages={280--289},
  year={2015},
  publisher={IEEE}
}

@inproceedings{wulczyn2017ex,
  title={Ex machina: Personal attacks seen at scale},
  author={Wulczyn, Ellery and Thain, Nithum and Dixon, Lucas},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the Web Conference},
  year={2017},
}

@InProceedings{waseem-hovy:2016:N16-2,
  author    = {Waseem, Zeerak  and  Hovy, Dirk},
  title     = {Hateful Symbols or Hateful People? Predictive Features for Hate Speech Detection on Twitter},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the NAACL Student Research Workshop},
  month     = {June},
  year      = {2016},
  address   = {San Diego, California},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  pages     = {88--93},
  url       = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/N16-2013}
}

@inproceedings{jurgens2019just,
  title={A Just and Comprehensive Strategy for Using {NLP} to Address Online Abuse},
  author={Jurgens, David and Chandrasekharan, Eshwar and Hemphill, Libby},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)},
  year={2019}
}

@InProceedings{waseem:2016:NLPandCSS,
  author    = {Waseem, Zeerak},
  title     = {Are You a Racist or Am I Seeing Things? Annotator Influence on Hate Speech Detection on Twitter},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the First Workshop on NLP and Computational Social Science},
  month     = {November},
  year      = {2016},
  address   = {Austin, Texas},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  pages     = {138--142},
  url       = {http://aclweb.org/anthology/W16-5618}
}


@article{wired2014mods,
  title={The Laborers Who Keep Dick Pics And Beheadings Out Of Your Facebook Feed, October 2014},
  author={Adrian Chen},
  journal = {\url{https://www.wired.com/2014/10/content-moderation/}},
  year = {2014}
}

@phdthesis{roberts2014behind,
  title={Behind the screen: The hidden digital labor of commercial content moderation},
  author={Roberts, Sarah T},
  year={2014},
  school={University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign}
}

@book{gillespie2018custodians,
  title={Custodians of the Internet: Platforms, content moderation, and the hidden decisions that shape social media},
  author={Gillespie, Tarleton},
  year={2018},
  publisher={Yale University Press}
}

@InProceedings{saha2019prevalence,
  title={Prevalence and Psychological Effects of Hateful Speech in Online College Communities.},
  author={Saha, Koustuv and Chandrasekharan, Eshwar and De Choudhury, Munmun},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of Web Science},
  year={2019}
}

@inproceedings{devlin2018bert,
  title={\uppercase{Bert}: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding},
  author={Devlin, Jacob and Chang, Ming-Wei and Lee, Kenton and Toutanova, Kristina},
  booktitle={Proceedings of NAACL},
  year={2019}
}
@article{pennebaker2001linguistic,
  title={Linguistic inquiry and word count: LIWC 2001},
  author={Pennebaker, James W and Francis, Martha E and Booth, Roger J},
  journal={Mahway: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
  volume={71},
  number={2001},
  pages={2001},
  year={2001}
}

@article{niculae2016conversational,
  title={Conversational markers of constructive discussions},
  author={Niculae, Vlad and Danescu-Niculescu-Mizil, Cristian},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1604.07407},
  year={2016}
}

@article{tausczik2010psychological,
  title={The psychological meaning of words: LIWC and computerized text analysis methods},
  author={Tausczik, Yla R and Pennebaker, James W},
  journal={Journal of language and social psychology},
  volume={29},
  number={1},
  pages={24--54},
  year={2010},
  publisher={Sage Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA}
}

@article{hessel2019something,
  title={Something's Brewing! Early Prediction of Controversy-causing Posts from Discussion Features},
  author={Hessel, Jack and Lee, Lillian},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1904.07372},
  year={2019}
}

@inproceedings{wu2008public,
  title={How public opinion forms},
  author={Wu, Fang and Huberman, Bernardo A},
  booktitle={International Workshop on Internet and Network Economics},
  pages={334--341},
  year={2008},
  organization={Springer}
}

@article{muchnik2013social,
  title={Social influence bias: A randomized experiment},
  author={Muchnik, Lev and Aral, Sinan and Taylor, Sean J},
  journal={Science},
  volume={341},
  number={6146},
  pages={647--651},
  year={2013},
  publisher={American Association for the Advancement of Science}
}

@inproceedings{weninger2015random,
  title={Random voting effects in social-digital spaces: A case study of reddit post submissions},
  author={Weninger, Tim and Johnston, Thomas James and Glenski, Maria},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the 26th ACM conference on hypertext \& social media},
  pages={293--297},
  year={2015},
  organization={ACM}
}

@article{zhang2018characterizing,
  title={Characterizing online public discussions through patterns of participant interactions},
  author={Zhang, Justine and Danescu-Niculescu-Mizil, Cristian and Sauper, Christina and Taylor, Sean J},
  journal={Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction},
  volume={2},
  number={CSCW},
  pages={198},
  year={2018},
  publisher={ACM}
}

@article{szabo2008predicting,
  title={Predicting the popularity of online content},
  author={Szabo, Gabor and Huberman, Bernardo A},
  journal={Available at SSRN 1295610},
  year={2008}
}

@inproceedings{kim2011predicting,
  title={Predicting the virtual temperature of web-blog articles as a measurement tool for online popularity},
  author={Kim, Su-Do and Kim, Sung-Hwan and Cho, Hwan-Gue},
  booktitle={2011 IEEE 11th International Conference on Computer and Information Technology},
  pages={449--454},
  year={2011},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@inproceedings{tatar2011predicting,
  title={Predicting the popularity of online articles based on user comments},
  author={Tatar, Alexandru and Leguay, J{\'e}r{\'e}mie and Antoniadis, Panayotis and Limbourg, Arnaud and de Amorim, Marcelo Dias and Fdida, Serge},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the International Conference on Web Intelligence, Mining and Semantics},
  pages={67},
  year={2011},
  organization={ACM}
}

@inproceedings{backstrom2013characterizing,
  title={Characterizing and curating conversation threads: expansion, focus, volume, re-entry},
  author={Backstrom, Lars and Kleinberg, Jon and Lee, Lillian and Danescu-Niculescu-Mizil, Cristian},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the sixth ACM international conference on Web search and data mining},
  pages={13--22},
  year={2013},
  organization={ACM}
}

@inproceedings{he2014predicting,
  title={Predicting the popularity of web 2.0 items based on user comments},
  author={He, Xiangnan and Gao, Ming and Kan, Min-Yen and Liu, Yiqun and Sugiyama, Kazunari},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the 37th international ACM SIGIR conference on Research \& development in information retrieval},
  pages={233--242},
  year={2014},
  organization={ACM}
}

@article{sumi2011characterization,
  title={Characterization and prediction of Wikipedia edit wars},
  author={Sumi, R{\'o}bert and Yasseri, Taha and Rung, Andr{\'a}s and Kornai, Andr{\'a}s and Kert{\'e}sz, J{\'a}nos},
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@preamble{ " \newcommand{\noop}[1]{} " } % a do-nothing command that serves a purpose

@inproceedings{rebecca16,
 author = "Knowles, Rebecca and Carroll, Josh and Dredze, Mark",
 title =  "Demographer: Extremely Simple Name Demographics",
 booktitle =  "EMNLP Workshop on NLP and Computational Social Science",
 year =  "2016",
 publisher =  "Association for Computational Linguistics",
 pages =  "108--113",
 location =  "Austin, Texas",
}

@inproceedings{jaech15,
  title={What Your Username Says About You},
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  pages={2032--2037},
  year={2015}
}

@article{soroka2019cross,
  title={Cross-national evidence of a negativity bias in psychophysiological reactions to news},
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  year={2019},
  publisher={National Acad Sciences}
}

@article{fredrickson2002positive,
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@article{diener2010new,
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@article{huebner1996interrelationships,
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@book{defrancisco2013gender,
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@article{wright2002social,
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}

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@article{kuperman2012age,
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@article{shaw2006effects,
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@article{keating2013spirituality,
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  year={2013},
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@article{lieberman2006not,
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}

@article{green2011exploration,
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@article{alpers2005evaluation,
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@article{li2015say,
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@article{braithwaite1999communication,
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@article{wang2009social,
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@article{kiesler1984social,
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@article{postmes1998breaching,
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@article{lea1991computer,
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@article{hochreiter1997long,
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@article{herring1996posting,
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@article{androutsopoulos2006introduction,
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@inproceedings{liu2005opinion,
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}

@inproceedings{Chen:2016:XST:2939672.2939785,
 author = {Chen, Tianqi and Guestrin, Carlos},
 title = {{XGBoost}: A Scalable Tree Boosting System},
 booktitle = {Proceedings of KDD},
 series = {KDD '16},
 year = {2016},
 isbn = {978-1-4503-4232-2},
 location = {San Francisco, California, USA},
 pages = {785--794},
 numpages = {10},
 url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2939672.2939785},
 doi = {10.1145/2939672.2939785},
 acmid = {2939785},
 publisher = {ACM},
 address = {New York, NY, USA},
 keywords = {large-scale machine learning},
}

@article{vaux1985variations,
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@inproceedings{wang2012baselines,
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@article{segrin2003age,
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@inproceedings{wang2012stay,
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  year={2012},
}

@misc{twitter2018health, 
  author={Twitter},
  year=2018,
  title={Twitter health metrics proposal submission},
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}

@inproceedings{scissors2008linguistic,
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@inproceedings{zhang2016highway,
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}

@article{taylor2008linguistic,
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@misc{instagram2019well,
  author={{Facebook Research}}, 
  title={Instagram Request for Proposals for Well-being and Safety Research},
  year=2019,
  note={\url{https://research.fb.com/programs/research-awards/proposals/instagram-request-for-proposals-for-well-being-and-safety-research/}},
}

@inproceedings{chang2019trouble,
  title={Trouble on the horizon: Forecasting the derailment of online conversations as they develop},
  author={Chang, Jonathan P and Danescu-Niculescu-Mizil, Cristian},
  booktitle={Proceedings of EMNLP},
  year={2019}
}
@article{kolhatkar2020classifying,
  title={Classifying Constructive Comments},
  author={Kolhatkar, Varada and Thain, Nithum and Sorensen, Jeffrey and Dixon, Lucas and Taboada, Maite},
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  year={2020}
}


@inproceedings{choi2020ten,
  title={Ten social dimensions of conversations and relationships},
  author={Choi, Minje and Aiello, Luca Maria and Varga, Kriszti{\'a}n Zsolt and Quercia, Daniele},
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  year={2020}
}

@inproceedings{zhou2020condolences,
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}

@inproceedings{buechel2018modeling,
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  year={2018}
}

@article{sharma2021towards,
  title={Towards Facilitating Empathic Conversations in Online Mental Health Support: A Reinforcement Learning Approach},
  author={Sharma, Ashish and Lin, Inna W and Miner, Adam S and Atkins, David C and Althoff, Tim},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2101.07714},
  year={2021}
}

@inproceedings{sharma2020computational,
  title={A Computational Approach to Understanding Empathy Expressed in Text-Based Mental Health Support},
  author={Sharma, Ashish and Miner, Adam S and Atkins, David C and Althoff, Tim},
  booktitle={Proceedings of EMNLP},
  year={2020}
}

@inproceedings{nguyen-etal-2020-bertweet,
    title = "{BERT}weet: A pre-trained language model for {E}nglish Tweets",
    author = "Nguyen, Dat Quoc  and
      Vu, Thanh  and
      Tuan Nguyen, Anh",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing: System Demonstrations",
    month = oct,
    year = "2020",
    address = "Online",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/2020.emnlp-demos.2",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/2020.emnlp-demos.2",
    pages = "9--14",
    abstract = "We present BERTweet, the first public large-scale pre-trained language model for English Tweets. Our BERTweet, having the same architecture as BERT-base (Devlin et al., 2019), is trained using the RoBERTa pre-training procedure (Liu et al., 2019). Experiments show that BERTweet outperforms strong baselines RoBERTa-base and XLM-R-base (Conneau et al., 2020), producing better performance results than the previous state-of-the-art models on three Tweet NLP tasks: Part-of-speech tagging, Named-entity recognition and text classification. We release BERTweet under the MIT License to facilitate future research and applications on Tweet data. Our BERTweet is available at https://github.com/VinAIResearch/BERTweet",
}


@inproceedings{sap2019risk,
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  year={2019}
}


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  pages={45--54},
  year={2019}
}

@inproceedings{vidgen2019challenges,
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  year={2019},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)}
}

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  year={2018},
}

@inproceedings{grondahl2018all,
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  pages={2--12},
  year={2018}
}


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  year={2017}
}

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volume={9170},
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editor={Kurosu, Masaaki},
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title={Is Gamification Effective in Motivating Exercise?},
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keywords={Gamification; Enjoyment; Social support; Exercise},
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pages={608-617},
language={English}
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year={2015},
isbn={978-3-319-20915-9},
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volume={9170},
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editor={Kurosu, Masaaki},
doi={10.1007/978-3-319-20916-6_56},
title={Is Gamification Effective in Motivating Exercise?},
url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20916-6_56},
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keywords={Gamification; Enjoyment; Social support; Exercise},
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pages={608-617},
language={English}
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@book{batson2014altruism,
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@misc{oliner1988altruistic,
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@incollection{berkowitz1972social,
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@incollection{hornstein1982promotive,
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@article{algoe2012find,
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@article{sproull2011prosocial,
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@inproceedings{wolf-etal-2020-transformers,
    title = "Transformers: State-of-the-Art Natural Language Processing",
    author = "Thomas Wolf and Lysandre Debut and Victor Sanh and Julien Chaumond and Clement Delangue and Anthony Moi and Pierric Cistac and Tim Rault and Rémi Louf and Morgan Funtowicz and Joe Davison and Sam Shleifer and Patrick von Platen and Clara Ma and Yacine Jernite and Julien Plu and Canwen Xu and Teven Le Scao and Sylvain Gugger and Mariama Drame and Quentin Lhoest and Alexander M. Rush",
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    year = "2020",
}
